REL^BVYLHOH ORXÙEDJO HB FOGO IOCLNDVELO IBEXVD HB ILBEILOY HB CO YOCRH ^OCCB HB COY QOCJOY MLYXDCD@ÊO
MLYXDCD@ÊO HB CO QLBC
Hr. Guoe Qofcd Vdfcbs Edrlb`o Outdro7 Mblhy Oroibcy Edbjê Goiletd Xuc.
Xlguoeo F.I., ofrlc 61?6
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6
IDEXBELHD
Vbsujbe………………………………………………………………………….8
Qlbc `bebroclhohbs……………………………………………………………….2
Bplhbrjls…………………………………………………………………………0
Iìcucos hb co Bplhbrjls………………………………………………..=
_ubrotlediltds Jbcoediltds Iìcucos hb Coe`brmoes Iìcucos hb Jbrkbc
Hbrjls……………………………………………………………………………..>
Hbrjls poplcor Hbrjls rbtliucor Nlfros rbtliucorbs Nlfros bcïstlios Yustoeilo Nuehojbetoc Nlfrdfcostds
Oebxds iutïebds………………………………………………………………...<
Ndcêiucds Qlcdsds @cïehucos Ybfïibos @coehuco Yuhdrlporo (birleos y opdirleos)
Rÿos………………………………………………………………………..??
Flfcld`ronêos………………………………………………………………………?6
9
Vbsujbe Co prbsbetb jded`ronêo tuvd idjd dfgbtlvd nuehojbetoc, idjprbehbr co bstruituro hbc tb`ujbetd (plbc) o elvbc mlstdcù`lid, osê idjd sus prleilpocbs nueildebs, y jbioelsjds poro co bxirbilùe y sbirbilùe hb sustoeilos hbc iubrpd o trovìs hb co plbc. Bs hb iorïitbr hb oprbehlzogb. Co flfcld`ronêo utlclzoho be su joydrêo nub hb clfrds y ortêiucds. Yb ibetro be bc tbjo rbnbrbetb o co plbc qub bs co iuflbrto hbc iubrpd qub frleho prdtbiilùe hbc betdred, idjpubsto prleilpocjbetb pdr hds iopos, HBVJLY idjpubsto pdr ue tbglhd ideguetlvd hbesd qub prdvbb sdstìe jbiïelid, rbslstbeilo y bspbsdr o co plbc, hbrlvo hbc jbsdhbrjd. \ BQLHBVJLY, co iopo jïs bxtbreo hb co plbc, ndrjoho pdr tbglhd bpltbcloc pcoed bstrotlnliohd qubrotlelzohd. Qbrtbebib o iuotrd tlpds ibcucorbs hlnbrbetbs7 qubrotlediltds, jbcoediltds, iìcucos hb Coe`brmoes, iìcucos hb Jbrkbc. Co plbc tojflìe idetlbeb dtrds oebxds, tojflìe ccojohds noebros hb `roe ljpdrtoeilo, betrb bccds ndcêiucds plcdsds, `cïehucos sbfïibos, `cïehucos suhdrêporos, qub bxlstbe hb hds tlpds y cos uÿos.
8
LEXVDHRIILÙE Co plbc bs co iuflbrto hbc iubrpd, frleho prdtbiilùe o cds hbjïs idjpdebetbs hbc iubrpd, be bc mujoed sb idjpdeb prleilpocjbetb hb hds iopos, hbrjls y bplhbrjls, tojflìe bxlstb co mlpdhbrjls qub bs co jïs prdnueho y idetlbeb tbglhd ohlpdsd, bs dfgbtd hb bstuhld y hb `roe ljpdrtoeilo be co mlstdcd`êo pdr sus idjpdebetbs qub sb jbeildeorïe jos o hbtoccb be bc hbsorrdccd hb co jded`ronêo. Oc mofcor hb plbc ed sdcd sb pubhb cljltor o co iopo hbrjls y bplhbrjls, yo qub idetlbeb dtrds oebxds d tojflìe ccojohos noebros qub oporbetbjbetb ed tlbebe ljpdrtoeilo pbrd co rboclhoh bs qub tlbebe nueildebs vltocbs poro bc sbr mujoed, poro bstd bs ebibsorlo co bxlstbeilo hb `cïehucos qub tlbebe ue jbioelsjd hb trofogd. Bc dfgbtlvd hb rbhoitor bsto jded`ronêo bs idjprbehbr co bstruituro hbc tb`ujbetd (plbc) o elvbc mlstdcù`lid, osê idjd sus prleilpocbs nueildebs, y jbioelsjds poro co bxirbilùe y sbirbilùe hb sustoeilos hbc iubrpd o trovìs hb co plbc.
HBYOVVDCCD QLBC (@BEBVOCLHOHBY) Co plbc bs ue tb`ujbetd bxtbehlhd sdfrb tdhd bc iubrpd, bstï ndrjohd pdr ueo iopo bxtbreo d bplhbrjls y dtro letbreo d hbrjls. (V.O.B. HLIILDEOVLD HB CO CBE@RO BYQOßDCO) Co bplhbrjls bs ueo iopo prdtbitdro bxtbreo, co hbrjls bs ueo iopo letbreo hb tbglhd ideguetlvd, tojflìe idetlbeb ueo iopo `roso sufiutïebo. Co plbc sb ioroitbrlzo pdr ueo supbrnlilb juy qubrotlelzoho qub prdtb`b o cds tbglhds sufyoibetbs hbc juehd bxtbred. Bc bspbsdr hb co plbc vorlo hbpbehlbehd hb su cdioclzoilùe idrpdroc, co plbc rboclzo juimos nueildebs ohbjïs hb su nueilùe prleilpoc prdtbitdro, leicuybehd co tbrjdrrb`ucoilùe, co sêetbsls hb vltojleo H y hlnbrbetbs mdrjdeos y co pbribpilùe hb co sbeslflclhoh, co tbjpbroturo y bc hdcdr. (Kel`mt, Flswos, Lqfoc, 6118, p. 8, 2) Co mlpdhbrjls, idetlbeb ueo ioetlhoh hb tbglhd ohlpdsd dr`oelzohd be cdfuclccds sbporohds pdr toflqubs hb tbglhd ideguetlvd. Bsto sltuoho o joydr prdnuehlhoh qub co hbrjls y bqulvocb oc tbglhd ibcucor sufiutïebd hb cds oeotdjlstos. Co plbc sb icoslnlio be nleo y `rubso, ue rbncbgd hb su bspbsdr y su uflioilùe. Hbshb bc puetd hb vlsto oeotùjlid co plbc jos `rubso bstï be co rb`lùe supbrldr hbc hdrsd, hdehb co hbrjls tlbeb ue `roe bspbsdr. Yle bjfor`d, co bplhbrjls hb bsto rb`lùe bs idjporofcb ide co hb co plbc nleo qub moy be dtros portbs hb co 2
supbrnlilb idrpdroc. Qdr bc idetrorld, be oc`ueds dtrds sltlds, idjd cds porpohds co plbc bs juy hbc`oho. (Vdss y Qowcleo, 61?1, p. 8=1,8=?) Co plbc iujpcb hlnbrbetbs nueildebs rbcoildeohos ide su uflioilùe be co supbrnlilb bxtbreo.
Forrbro Lendrjoilùe lejuedcù`lio Qortlilpo be co mdjbdstosls Lendrjoilùe sbesltlvo Nueildebs behdirleos Letbrvlbeb be co bxirbilùe (Vdss y Qowcleo, 61?1, p. 8=?)
?. HBVJLY Idjpubsto pdr ue tbglhd ideguetlvd hbesd qub prdvbb sdstìe jbiïelid, rbslstbeilo y bspbsdr o co plbc. Co hbrjls hbrlvo hbc jbsdhbrjd. Idestltuyb co portb jos vdcujledso hb co plbc y opdrto hbc ?2 oc 61% hbc pbsd tdtoc hbc iubrpd mujoed; bsto idestltulho pdr nlfrdfcostds, idcï`bed y tbglhd bcïstlid. Yb hbsirlfbe cds idestltuybetbs7 Xbglhd nlfrdsd 7 su idjpdebetb prleilpoc bs bc nlfrdfcostd qub prdhuib idcï`bed,
sustoeilo hb idjpdslilùe idjpcbgo qub idestltuyb bc 02% hbc pbsd sbid hb co plbc y idetlbeb prleilpocjbetb prdcleo b mlhrdxlprdcleo, sustoeilos ide pdio oitlvlhoh jbtofùclio. Cos nlfros hb rbtliucleo idestltuybe bc tbglhd idcï`bed gdvbe jïs ofuehoetb be co hbrjls poplcor y ocrbhbhdr hb cds ndcêiucds plcdsds. Hbrjls p oplcor7 idestltuyb cos poplcos hìrjlios Hbrjls rbtliucor7 zdeo ide ospbitd hbesd y ide moibs hb idcï`bed dehucohds d
rbitds, betrbjbzicohds hb ndrjo porocbco o co supbrnlilb bxtbreo. Nlfros rbtliucorbs7 bs ue tlpd bspbiloc hb idcï`bed qub idjd prdhuitd hb
nlfrdfcostds sb pubhb beidetror be co zdeo hb co jbjfroeo fosoc, ocrbhbhdr hb cos iìcucos ohlpdsos y vosds soe`uêebds. pdr nlfrdfcostds y bcostleo, sb dfsbrvoe betrbjbzicohos ide cos nlfros hb idcï`bed, idetlbebe ohbjïs jlirdnlfrlccos. Bstos nlfros idetrlfuybe o co bcostlilhoh hb co plbc. Nlf ros
bcïst lio s7 prdhuilhos
Yustoeilo nuehoj betoc7 idetlbeb iorfdmlhrotds, prdtbêeos y jotbrlocbs clpêhlids.
Yu idestltuybetb jos ofuehoetb sde cds juidpdclsoiïrlhds, hb cds iuocbs bc jos ljpdrtoetb bs bc oilhd mlocurùelid y bc idehrdltêe sucnotd. Iuoehd cds >
juidpdclsoiïrlhds, sb uebe o iohbeos pbptêhlios ndrjoe idjpcbgds ccojohds prdtbd`clioeds. Co nueilùe qub iujpcb co sustoeilo nuehojbetoc bs co hb sbrvlr idjd sdstìe hb cos nlfros hb tbglhd idcï`bed y bcïstlid, nlfrdfcostds, joirùno`ds y jostdiltds y co hb joetbebr ueo ideslhbrofcb pdrilùe hb o`uo y bcbitrdcltds. Nlfrdfcostds7 sde cos iìcucos jïs eujbrdsos hbc tbglhd idebitlvd. Xlbebe
iopoilhoh hb sêetbsls y sbirbilùe oitlvo, prdhuibe jdcìiucos hb prdidcï`bed prbiursdros hbc tbglhd idcï`bed. (Huqub, Culs y Vufld, Mujfbrtd 611>, p. 818)
6. BQLHBVJLY Bs co iopo jïs bxtbreo hb co plbc. Bstï ndrjoho pdr tbglhd bpltbcloc pcoed bstrotlnliohd qubrotlelzohd. Cos iìcucos sb hbedjleoe idjd qubrotlediltds. Co bplhbrjls bstï idestltulho pdr hlvbrsds bstrotds hb iìcucos bpltbclocbs. Qbrd idjd bc bspbsdr hb co bplhbrjls ed bs idestoetb, o vbibs ed sb dfsbrvoe tdhds, d pdrqub rbsuctoe ljprbilsds d pdrqub ed sb moe ndrjohd. Qrbsbeto hds zdeos7 iopo prdnueho y iopo supbrnliloc, bstï ndrjoho pdr hds bstrotds7 bstrotd Fosoc y bstrotd bspledsd. Iì cu cos hb c o bp lh brj ls
Qbrtbebibe o iuotrd tlpds ibcucorbs hlnbrbetbs7 _ubrotlediltds7 sde cos iìcucos jïs ofuehoetbs; sb `bebroe be bc bstrotd fosoc y
ovoezoe moilo co supbrnlilb. Idendrjb sb hbspcozoe moilo co supbrnlilb hb co bplhbrjls prdhuibe co prdtbêeo letroibcucor qubrotleo y bc cêplhd bxtroibcucor bspbiloc qub slrvb idjd forrbro idetro bc o`uo be cds bstrotds jos supbrnlilocbs hbc rbvbstljlbetd bpltbcloc hb co plbc. Hbshb bc puetd hb vlsto mlstdcù`lid cds qubrotlediltds sde cos iìcucos qub bxmlfbe prdybiildebs idjd –bspleos‚ be bc
bstrotd bspledsd. (Vdss y Qowcleo, 61?1, p. 21=) Jbcoediltd s (Ql`jbetoilùe hb co plbc)7
Bc ljpdrtoetb pl`jbetd behù`bed hb co plbc bs co –jbcoeleo‚. Cos iìcucos prdhuitdros hb jbcoeleo sde hb tlpd hbehrêtlid y sb jbcoediltds. Cds prbiursdrbs hb bstos iìcucos sur`be hb co irbsto eburoc y bjl`roe huroetb co vlho prbeotoc oc cêjltb hb co bplhbrjls ide co hbrjls, sb nlgoe be hlimd sltld d be co iopo fosoc hb co bplhbrjls y sb hlnbrbeiloe be jbcoediltds. Cds jbcoediltds sb slt÷oe pdr hbfogd hb cos iìcucos hbc bstrotd `brjleotlvd d betrb bccos, pdsbbe cor`os prdcde`oildebs hbehrêtlios qub sb bxtlbehbe betrb cos iìcucos hb co iopo fosoc. Co nueilùe jïs ljpdrtoetb hb co jbcoeleo bplhìrjlio bs prdtb`br o cos iìcucos hb cos iopos jïs prdnuehos hb co bplhbrjls y o co hbrjls sufyoibetb, idetro cds 0
bnbitds edilvds hb co cuz uctrovldcbto bxibslvo, poro cd iuoc hlspbrso bsto ÷ctljo. Bc bnbitd hb co cuz uctrovldcbto bs fbeìnlid mosto ilbrtd puetd yo qub drl`leo ueo ndrjo hb vltojleo H, pbrd be bxibsd tlbeb bnbitds ioriled`ìelids. Iì cucos hb C oe` brmoe s (Vbsp ubs to Lej ue ltorlo)7
Cos iìcucos hb Coe`brmoes bstïe hlsbjleohos pdr tdho co bplhbrjls, pbrd cdioclzohos prleilpocjbetb be bc bstrotd bspledsd. Bstos iìcucos sde tojflìe ccojohos iìcucos hbehrêtlios pdr sus eujbrdsos cor`os prdcde`oildebs. Yb cos pubhb beidetror tojflìe be co hbrjls, cd jlsjd qub be cds bpltbclds pcoeds bstrotlnliohds hb co iovlhoh droc, bsùno`d, vo`leo. Oc jlirdsidpld ùptlid bstos iìcucos joelnlbstoe ue e÷icbd hbesd, iltdpcosjo pïclhd y prdcde`oildebs hbc`ohos y cor`os qub socbe hbshb bc iubrpd ibcucor moilo cds bspoilds letbribcucorbs betrb cos iìcucos bpltbclocbs (qubrotlediltds). Co jlirdsidplo bcbitrùelio rbvbco qub bc e÷icbd bs pdcljdrnd, bc iltdpcosjo bcbitrd c÷ilhd ocfbr`o pdios jltdidehrlos, VBV bsiosd y ele`÷e nlcojbetd letbrjbhld, pbrd idetlbeb clsdsdjos, iubrpds juctlvbsliucorbs y pbqubÿos vbsêiucos. Bc ospbitd jïs ioroitbrêstlids hb bstos iìcucos bs co prbsbeilo hb cds `rïeucds hb Flrfbik, cljltohds pdr jbjfroeo, ed sb mo lhbetlnliohd co nueilùe. Bstos iìcucos sb drl`leoe be prbiursdrbs hb co jìhuco ùsbo, ouequb sde iopoibs hb betror be jltdsls, bstï rbstrle`lho be bccos bsto oitlvlhoh, pdr toetd, cos rbstltuybe idetleuojbetb iìcucos prbiursdros qub hbgoe co soe`rb poro bjl`ror moilo co bplhbrjls y hlnbrbeilorsb be iìcucos hb Coe`brmoes. Bstos iìcucos nueildeoe be co rboiilùe lejuedcù`lio. Xlbebe rbibptdrbs hb supbrnlilb ibcucor poro Ni (oetliubrpd) y I9 (idjpcbjbetd) y no`diltoe y hbsletb`roe cds oetê`beds bxtroÿds. Cos iìcucos hb Coe`brmoes bjl`roe moilo cds `oe`clds clenïtlids hb co vbilehoh, be cds iuocbs prbsbetoe bpltdpbs hb cds o`betbs bxtroÿds sdjbtlhds o prdibsojlbetd o cds clendiltds X pdr cd toetd sde iìcucos prbsbetohdrbs hb oetê`bed. Iì cu co s h b Jb rk bc 7
Yde iìcucos bplhìrjlios qub letbrvlbebe be co pbribpilùe sbesdrloc iutïebo. Bstïe letbriocohos betrb cds qubrotlediltds hbc bstrotd fosoc hb co bplhbrjls. Ed sb mo oicorohd su drl`be. Ouequb subcbe beidetrorsb idjd iìcucos ÷elios drlbetohos be sbetlhd porocbcd ide co cïjleo fosoc, pubhbe bxtbehbr sus prdcde`oildebs betrb cds qubrotlediltds, o cds iuocbs sb beiubetroe uelho pdr hbsjdsdjos. Cds e÷icbds bstïe prdnuehojbetb lehbetohds y trbs tlpds hb iltdqubrotleos hbetrd hbc iltdpcosjo idestltuybe cds nlcojbetds iltdbsqubcìtlids. Qrbsbetoe `rïeucds hb idetbelhd letbrldr hbesd cdioclzohds be co zdeo pbrleuicbor y be cos prdcde`oildebs, iuyo nueilùe ed bstï icoro. Moy ebrvlds sbesltlvds ojlbcêelids qub otrovlbsoe co cïjleo fosoc y qub sb oprdxljoe moilo cos iìcucos hb Jbrkbc ide cos qub ndrjoe idjpcbgds hb iìcucos hb Jbrkbc y oxdebs. Bs pdslfcb qub bstds idjpcbgds nueildebe idjd jbioed rbibptdrbs. (Oczdco Vliorhd. (6116) p. 2, >)
=
9. OEB]DY IRXÏEBDY D NOEBVOY Cds oebxds iutïebds hbrlvoe hb prdclnbroildebs be prdnuehlhoh qub sur`be hbc bpltbcld bplhìrjlid huroetb bc hbsorrdccd bjfrldeorld y idjprbehbe cos bstruituros sl`ulbetbs7 Ndcêiucds plcdsds (pbcd) @cïehucos sbfïibos (Retd sbfïibd) @cïehucos Yuhdrêporos birleos (Yuhdr) @cïehucos suhdrêporos opdirleos (prdhuitd jlxtd) Rÿos
Xdhds bstds oebxds iujpcbe nueildebs bspbiênlios. (Vdss y Qowcleo, 61?1, p. 8<8)
Ndcêiu cds plcd sd s7 bc ndcêiucd plcdsd bs ueo levo`leoilùe tufucor hb co
bplhbrjls qub tlbeb o su ior`d bc irbiljlbetd hbc pbcd osê idjd su rbedvoilùe y qub ideslstb be7 Fucfd plcdsd7 bs bc sb`jbetd tbrjleoc be`rdsohd hbc ndcêiucd qub sb slt÷o be co hbrjls (vbccd) be co mlpdhbrjls (pbcd tbrjleoc) bc fucfd plcdsd bs hdehb sb drl`leo bc toccd hbc pbcd y oue ed idrelnliohos d sdcd porilocjbetb idrlelnliohos qub tojflìe rbilfbe bc edjfrb hb roêz hbc pbcd, be bc fucfd plcdsd sb levo`leo hbshb ofogd ueo poplco hb tbglhd ideguetlvd (poplco hìrjlio) ide ioplcorbs soe`uêebds. ^oleo rohliucor letbreo7 idjpubsto pdr trbs iopos hb qubrotleo fcoeho hb idrelnlioilùe rïplho. ^oleo rohliucor bxtbreo7 sdcd sb idrelnlio pdr orrlfo hb co hbsbjfdiohuro hb cos `cïehucos sbfïibos. (Pbcsim, 611= p.2>9)
@c ïe h u cos Yb f ïi bos 7 sde hds pbqubÿos bstruituros soiucorbs y pubhbe d
ed bstor uelhos. Bc tlpd jos eujbrdsd hb `cïehucos sbfïibos sde oqubccos ohyoibetbs o co iuflbrto hb ue pbcd y iuyds huitds sb ofrbe hbetrd hbc ndcêiucd hbc pbcd. Dtrd tlpd sb ofrb sdfrb co supbrnlilb hb co plbc y ed bstï osdilohd ide bc pbcd. Bstos sb beiubetroe oc jor`be hb cds coflds jbedrbs. Be bc `coehb y prbpuild y be cds pïrpohds. Bc huitd hb co `cïehuco bs idrtd, pbqubÿd. Bc sïiucd d ocvbdcd bstï oclebohd ide vorlos iopos hb iìcucos bpltbclocbs. Idendrjb cos iìcucos sbirbtoe sb voe ccbeoehd ide ueo sbirbilùe `rosdso. Bc e÷icbd sb hb`bebro y co iìcuco betbro ide su idetbelhd bs ljpbclho moilo bc letbrldr y ndrjo co sbirbilùe hb co `cïehuco. Bstb jìtdhd hb bxpbcbr bc prdhuitd hb co sbirbilùe bs idedilhd idjd <
mdcdirleo. Co juctlpclioilùe hb iìcucos be co pbrlnbrlo hbc sïiucd joetlbeb co letb`rlhoh hb co `cïehuco. (Yjltm, ^borc V. ?<>6, p.>)
@c ïe h u co Yu h d rêp or o7 bs ueo `cïehuco tufucor berdccoho qub bstï sltuoho
be co hbrjls y idestoe hb cor`ds y hbc`ohds tufds, ibrrohds pdr bc bxtrbjd lenbrldr, hdehb sb opbcdtdeoe, ndrjoehd ue dvlccd. Qdr cds pdrds qub sb ofrbe oc bxtbrldr sb`rb`oe bc suhdr, `roso sdfroetb clqulho, ide sofdr socohd, y ueo tbxturo porbilho o co drleo.
Yb icoslnlioe sb`÷e su bstruituro y co êehdcb hb su sbirbilùe. Osê sb lhbetlnlioe hds tlpds hb `cïehucos suhdrêporos. ?. @cïeh uc os s uh dr êpor os Bir le os7 sde `cïehucos tufucorbs sljpcbs berdccohos (`cdjbrucorbs) qub rb`ucoe co tbjpbroturo idrpdroc, ed osdilohos ide bc ndcêiucd plcdsd, sb drl`leoe idjd frdtbs be co prdnuehlhoh hb co bplhbrjls nbtoc. Bsto idjpubsto pdr hds sb`jbetds ue sb`jbetd sbirbtdr (bc ohbeùjbrd `cdjbrucor) ufliohd be co hbrjls prdnueho. \ ue sb`jbetd ioeocliucor (idehuitd bxirbtdr) hbsbjfdio be co supbrnlilb bplhìrjlio. Cos `cïehucos birleos hbsbjpbÿoe ue popbc ljpdrtoetb be co rb`ucoilùe hb co tbjpbroturo o trovìs hbc benrlojlbetd iousohd pdr co bvopdroilùe hbc o`uo hbc suhdr sdfrb co supbrnlilb hbc iubrpd. Yu sb`jbetd sbirbtdr idetlbeb trbs tlpds ibcucorbs7 ?. Iìcucos Icoros7 sb ioroitbrlzo pdr tbebr `cuiù`bed, 6. Iìcucos Dsiuros7 sb ioroitbrlzoe pdr tbebr ue VBV y `rïeucds hb sbirbilùe ofuehoetbs. Bstos hds prljbros sde iìcucos bpltbclocbs sbirbtdros. 9. Cos iìcucos jldbpltbclocbs7 sb cljltoe o co ioro fosoc hbc ohbeùjbrd. Yb moccoe ufliohos betrb cos iìcucos sbirbtdros ide sus prdcde`oildebs drlbetohos troesvbrsocjbetb ide rbspbitd oc t÷fucd. Bc sb`jbetd ioeocliucor hb cos `cïehucos birleos bstï rbvbstlhd pdr ue bpltbcld flbstrotlnliohd i÷flid y iorbib hb iìcucos jldbpltbclocbs. 6. @cïeh uc os su hd rêpo ros op di rle os7 sde `cïehucos tufucorbs hb cuz ojpclo qub bstïe osdilohos ide cds ndcêiucds plcdsds. Xlbebe su drl`be be cds jlsjds frdtbs bplhìrjlids hb cds qub sur`be cds ndcêiucds plcdsds, sde `cïehucos berdccohos o vbibs rojlnliohos. Co pdrilùe sbirbtdro hb co `cïehuco bstï uflioho be co hbrjls prdnueho d, ide joydr nrbiubeilo, be co rb`lùe jïs supbrnliloc hb co mlpdhbrjls. Bc ohbeùjbrd (pdrilùe sbirbtdro) hb cos `cïehucos opdirleos tlbeb ueo cuz jïs ojpclo qub bc hb cos `cïehucos birleos y bstï idjpubstd pdr ue sdcd tlpd ibcucor. Bc idehuitd bxirbtdr hb cos `cïehucos opdirleos bstï rbvbstlhd pdr ue bpltbcld bstrotlnliohd iuflid y iorbib hb iìcucos jldbpltbclocbs. Cos `cïehucos opdirleos ?1
prdhuibe ueo sbirbilùe ide prdtbêeos ofuehoetbs qub idetlbeb nbrdjdeos, sbÿocbs quêjlios utlclzohos be co jorioilùe hbc tbrrltdrld, be cos idehuitos hb idrtbgd y be ilbrtds idjpdrtojlbetds jotbreocbs y sdilocbs. Xoetd cos `cïehucos suhdrêporos birleos idjd cos opdirleos bstïe lebrvohos pdr co hlvlslùe sljpïtlio hbc slstbjo ebrvldsd outùedjd. (Vdss y Qowcleo, 61?1, p. 8<0216)
Rÿ os 7 sde ndrjoildebs bpltbclocbs, huroetb bc hbsorrdccd hb co bplhbrjls hbc
sb`jbetd hlstoc hb cds hbhds hb cos joeds y cds plbs sb bjpugo moilo ohbcoetb be co hbrjls y ndrjo prdxljocjbetb bc rbibsd ue`ucor y cotbrocjbetb bc surid ue`ucor. Be bc plsd hbc rbibsd sur`b ueo rb`lùe hb jotrlz hbshb co iuoc cos iìcucos prdclnbroe moilo onubro y guetos ndrjoe co pcoio ue`ucor qubrotlelzoho. Co pdrilùe leliloc hb co pcoio ue`ucor tojflìe rbilfb bc edjfrb hb roêz hb co uÿo. Co pcoio ue`ucor johuro bstï ndrjoho pdr qubrotleo juy huro. Co rb`lùe hb co jotrlz idrrbspdehb jos d jbeds o co c÷euco, co bstruituro sbjlcueor icoro be co fosb hb co uÿo. Co bplhbrjls sdfrb co qub irbib co pcoio ue`ucor sb hbedjleo cbimd ue`ucor y bsto idjpubstd pdr bstrotd fosoc y bstrotd bspledsd. Bc cbimd ue`ucor bs idjporofcb ide co voleo rohliucor bxtbreo hbc pbcd. Be bc fdrhb hb co uÿo bsto bc pclb`ub ue`ucor ide ndrjo hb mbrrohuro. Co jbjfroeo icoro qub irbib moilo ohbcoetb hbshb bc rbibsd ue`ucor bstï idjpubsto pdr iìcucos idrelnliohos y sb hbedjleo bpdelquld. (Pbcsim, 611= p. 2>=)
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FLFCLD@VONLO ?. OCWDCO VLIOVHD. (6116). IRVYD HB MLYXDCD@ÊO, BJFVLDCD@LO \ XBVOXDCD@LO7 @RLO HB BYXRHLD YLYXBJO XB@RJBEXOVLD. mttp7//www.vbt.uelibe.bhu.or/mtjc/Orbos/Hdiujbetds/YlstbjoXb`ujbetorld .phn 6. Huqub Vojêrbz, Culs @ulccbrjd y Vufld ^beb`os, Mujfbrtd. (Bh.) 611>. Ybjldcd`êo Jìhlio letb`roc. Relvbrslhoh hb Oetldquêo. LYFE7 <2=->22. Yofdtto, Pbcsim. Mlstdcd`êo. 6o bh. Fubeds Olrbs7 Jìhlio Qoeojbrlioeo, 611=. LYFE7 <0=-=8-<=92-?0=-? 0. Yjltm, ^borc V. Nlsldcd`êo hb co Coitoeilo. ?ª bh. Fd`dtï7 YLI. ?<>6.
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YLEXBYLY HB CO XLVDYLEO
Co tlrdsleoso sb sletbtlzo be bc rbtêiucd behdpcosjïtlid ru`dsd, y hb omê poso oc oporotd hb @dc`l, hdehb sb oiujuco be vbsêiucos. Bstos vbsêiucos, ueo vbz clfrbs be bc iltdpcosjo y cos hb tlrdsleoso, idestltuybe cds jbcoedsdjos L. Be bstos vbsêiucos sb lelilo co sêetbsls hb jbcoeleo `roilos o co oiilùe hb co tlrdsleoso sdfrb co tlrdsleo. Cos vbsêiucos ide tlrdsleoso y jbcoeleo sde cds jbcoedsdjos LL y LLL. Co btopo sl`ulbetb hbc prdibsd bs co hbsoporlilùe hb co tlrdsleo, idestltuybehd cds `rïeucds hb jbcoeleo, cds iuocbs, pdr jbhld hb cos prdcde`oildebs hb cds jbcoediltds, sb troesnlbrbe moilo cds qubrotlediltds.
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YLEXBYLY HB JBCOELEO O QOVXLV HB XLVDYLEO
Co jbcoeleo sb prdhuib be cds jbcoedsdjos o portlr hb co tlrdsleo. Co rboiilùe irêtlio bs co idevbrslùe hb co tlrdsleo be hdpo (9,8-mlhrdxlnbelcocoeleo) pdr mlhrdxlcoilùe iotoclzoho pdr co tlrdsleoso. Bsto rboiilùe bs juy cbeto be ousbeilo hb bsto bezljo. Bc jbcoedsdjo poso pdr hlvbrsds bstohds o cd cor`d hb co iohbeo hb rboiildebs qub tbrjleoe be co jbcoeleo (jbcoedsdjo L^). Cds jbcoediltds sbirbtoe cds `roe÷cds hb jbcoeleo, qub sde no`diltohds pdr qubrotlediltds, qub cds hb`rohoe y rbhlstrlfuybe. Co jbcoeleo tojflìe bs troesnbrlho o co hbrjls, hdehb bs ioptoho pdr joirùno`ds (jbcoednï`ds). _uêjliojbetb moy hds tlpds fïslids hb jbcoeleo7 co bujbcoeleo, porho o eb`ro, y co nbdjbcoeleo, ojorlcco o rdglzo. Co sêetbsls hb bsto ÷ctljo hbpbehb prleilpocjbetb hb co prbsbeilo hb `rupds sucnlhrlcds hbspuìs hb co prdhuiilùe hb hdpoquledeo. Bc tlpd jïs ljpdrtoetb be bc mdjfrb, mosto bc jdjbetd, bs co bujbcoeleo. Bc e÷jbrd hb jbcoediltds hb co plbc pdr uelhoh hb ïrbo bs sljlcor be cos hlstletos rozos, bc idcdr hb co plbc hbpbehb nuehojbetocjbetb hb co ioetlhoh y hlstrlfuilùe hb cds idrp÷siucds hb jbcoeleo be cos iopos supbrnlilocbs hb co bplhbrjls.
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