MIS
Management Information System UNIT – 1 Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Introduction Management Information Systems [1] Historical Perspective [2] Functions of Management Information Systems [3] Information Concepts [4] Establishing Framework [5] Business Model [6] Conceptual Model [7] Architecture [8] Unit Test [9]
1
MIS
Management Information System
2
Introduction to Management Information Systems [1]
What is Information System? •Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment •Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control •Information Systems (IS) refers to the interaction between processes and technology •Information Systems is Organized collections of hardware, software, supplies, policies, procedures and people, which store, process and provide access to information.
3
Introduction to Management Information Systems [1] What is Management Information System? (MIS) are designed to provide past, present, and future routine information appropriate for planning, organizing, and controlling the operations of a functional area in an organization A manual or computerized system that collects, processes, and reports data needed to manage a planning delivery system. An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management
Examples • Data warehouses • Enterprise resource planning • Enterprise systems • Expert systems • Global information system • Office Automation • Geographic information system 4
Historical Perspective [2]
1960
Electronic data processing (EDP), transaction processing systems (TPS)
1960s, another role was added to the use of computers: the processing of data into useful informative reports 1970s, Decision support systems (DSS) was born 1980
Executive information systems EIS Expert systems Knowledge management systems
1990s Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. 1990s MIS to e-commerce
5
5
Historical Perspective [2]
1960
Electronic data processing (EDP), transaction processing systems (TPS)
1960s, another role was added to the use of computers: the processing of data into useful informative reports 1970s, Decision support systems (DSS) was born 1980
Executive information systems EIS Expert systems Knowledge management systems
1990s Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. 1990s MIS to e-commerce
6
6
Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
7
Functions of Management Information Systems [3] Examples
8
Information Concepts [4]
What is Information ?
DATA
INFORMATION
Information is refined data.
9
What is Technology?
If it's green, it's biology,
if it stinks, its chemistry,
if it has numbers its math,
if it doesn't work,
it’s technology
10
Information Concepts [4] Data, Information and Systems •
Generating Information – Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.
11
Information Concepts [4] Data, Information and Systems •
Generating Information – Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce information as output.
12
Information Concepts [4] Main Objectives of the MIS
Deliver the right information to the right people, at the right time, with the right form. Ultimately, MIS should improve the workers’ productivity.
who has what information about whom and when, where, and how will all be decided in the process of building an information system.
13
Objectives of the MIS MIS - capabilities The term 'information system' is a general term for a system that facilitates access to information Reach an understanding of the relevant processes on the basis of the available historic information. This element forms the basis for the development of models, required for forecasting and simulation. Provide information on the current situation, especially for early warning purposes, for instance related to issues impacting on food security, water resources or pest and disease status. Forecast changes and impacts, either natural or man-made , as an element in vulnerability assessments. Forecast the consequences of policy decisions and measures before they are implemented in reality. This implies evaluating options for several given scenarios based on the possible results and predicted consequences, and selecting the most acceptable alternative. 14
Information, and Systems
Characteristics of useful information
15
Information Concepts [4]
Attributes of Information Quality
Attributes of Information Quality
17
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS/IS)
ORGANIZATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
MANAGEMENT
18 Dr. Chen, The Challenge of the Information Systems Technology
TM -18
What is Information Systems? • • •
•
Information Systems (IS) are more than computer hardware and software. It is not just developing business applications programs Information Systems include: – Information Technology – Management – Organization Ultimately, IS are used as strategic tool to improve an organization’s competitive advantage.
19
Establishing the Framework [5]
Establishing the Framework [5]
Classification of IS Information Systems
Operations Operations Support System Support System
Transaction processing systems
Process control systems
Management Support System
Office automation systems
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Executive information
systems 21
Establishing the Framework [5] 1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations
Major categories are: i) Transaction processing systems ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems 2. Management Support Systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are i)
Management Information System
ii)
Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
22
Establishing the Framework [5] 1. Operations Support System i) Transaction processing systems • • • •
Process business exchanges Maintain records about the exchanges Handle routine, yet critical, tasks Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes. iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance office communications and productivity.
23
Establishing the Framework [5] 2. Management support systems provide information and support needed for effective decision making by managers Major categories are: i)
Management information systems
Routine information for routine decisions Operational efficiency Use transaction data as main input Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas
24
Establishing the Framework [5] ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems •
End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems provide critical information tailored to the information needs of executives
25
Establishing the Framework [5] Other categories
a)
Expert systems
b)
End user computing systems
c)
Business information systems
d)
Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert advice and act as expert consultants to the users b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by end users for operational and managerial applications c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial applications of the basic business functions of a firm d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products, services, and capabilities for competitive advantage 26
Data, Information, and Systems
Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
27
Data, Information, and Systems
Components of an information system 28
Why Study IS? • Information Systems Careers –
Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
• Knowledge Workers – –
Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology.
• Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy – Key to full participation in western society
29
Ethical and Societal Issues The Not-So-Bright Side
• Consumer Privacy – Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data on individuals.
• Employee Privacy – IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy and creating stress.
30
Business Model [6] A business model describes the rationale of how an organisation creates, delivers, and captures value - economic, social, or other forms of value. The term business model is thus used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of a business, including purpose, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organisational structures, trading practices, and operational processes and policies.
31
Business Model Components [6]
32
Conceptual Model [7]
Information, and Systems •
The Four Stages of Data Processing – Input: Data is collected and entered into computer. – Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using mathematical, statistical, and other tools. – Output: Information is displayed or presented. – Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.
33
FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM (General Systems Model)
Customers
ENVIRONMENT
Suppliers
ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
FEEDBACK
Regulatory Agencies
Stockholders
Competitors 34
Architecture [8]
35
Architecture [8] Information System Architecture An information system architecture is a formal definition of the business processes and rules, systems structure, technical framework, and product technologies for a business or organizational information system. An information system architecture usually consists of four layers: business process architecture, systems architecture, technical architecture, and product delivery architecture. The architecture of an information system encompasses the hardware and software used to deliver the solution to the final consumer of services. The architecture is a description of the design and contents of a computerized system. If documented, the architecture may include information such as a detailed inventory of current hardware, software and networking capabilities; a description of long-range plans and priorities for future purchases, and a plan for upgrading and/or replacing dated equipment and software. The architecture should document: What data is stored?, How does the system function?, Where are components located?, When do activities and events occur in the system?, and Why does the system exist?
36
Architecture [8] Information System Architecture An information system architecture is a formal definition of the business processes and rules, systems structure, technical framework, and product technologies for a business or organizational information system. An information system architecture usually consists of four layers: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Business process architecture, Systems architecture, Technical architecture, Product delivery architecture.
Product delivery architecture
Business process architecture
Systems architecture
Technical architecture
37
Architecture [8] 1. Business process architecture A business architecture is an organizing framework of a business, and the documents and diagrams that describe that structure or the people who help build such a structure, respectively. Business architecture is closely related to practice of enterprise architecture and the business reference model.
38
Architecture [8] 1. Business process architecture A business architecture is an organizing framework of a business, and the documents and diagrams that describe that structure or the people who help build such a structure, respectively. Business architecture is closely related to practice of enterprise architecture and the business reference model.
39
Architecture [8] 2. Systems architecture An architecture description is a formal description of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structural properties of the system. It defines the system components or building blocks and provides a plan from which products can be procured, and systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall system. This may enable one to manage investment in a way that meets business needs.
40
Architecture [8] 2. Systems architecture An architecture description is a formal description of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structural properties of the system. It defines the system components or building blocks and provides a plan from which products can be procured, and systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall system. This may enable one to manage investment in a way that meets business needs.
41
Architecture [8] 3. Technical architecture Technical architecture, also known as Tarchitecture, is one of several architecture domains that form the pillars of an enterprise architecture or solution architecture.
It describes the structure and behaviour of the technology infrastructure of an enterprise, solution or system.
42
Architecture [8] 3. Technical architecture Technical architecture, also known as Tarchitecture, is one of several architecture domains that form the pillars of an enterprise architecture or solution architecture.
It describes the structure and behaviour of the technology infrastructure of an enterprise, solution or system.
43
Architecture [8] 4. Product delivery architecture In computing, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different non-standard and openly-debated definitions. It is an attempt to provide set of principles or governing concepts used during phases of systems development and integration.
44
Architecture [8] 4. Product delivery architecture In computing, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different non-standard and openly-debated definitions. It is an attempt to provide set of principles or governing concepts used during phases of systems development and integration.
45
MIS
Management Information System UNIT – 1
THANK YOU
Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Introduction Management Information Systems [1] Historical Perspective [2] Functions of Management Information Systems [3] Information Concepts [4] Establishing Framework [5] Business Model [6] Conceptual Model [7] Architecture [8] Unit Test [9]
46