Metanolisis Minyak Nabati

Cdpardn Rrdktikug Pfknik Xfdksi Kigid

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D-6t!dk   Hia`ifsfc gfrupdkdn sughfr hdjdn hdkdr dctfrndtie pfnlldnti sacdr ydnl  tfrhudt `dri ginydk ndhdti dtdu cfgdk jfwdni, ti`dk gfnldn`unl suceur `dn ti`dk hfrdragd. Hia`ifsfc `ijdsickdn `fnldn gfrfdksikdn ginydk ndhdti `fnldn dckajac gfnllundkdn hdsd sfhdldi kdtdcis pd`d suju `dn kagpasisi tfrtfntu dtdu dtdu rfdk rfdksi si trdns trdnsfst fstfri frieik eikds dsi. i. Rfro Rfroah ahdd ddn n ini ini hfrt hfrtumu umudn dn untu untukk gfgp gfgpfc fcdm dmdr drii  pfnldruj wdktu rfdksi tfrjd`dp kanvfrsi ginydk ndhdti gfnmd`i hia`ifsfc.  Rfroahddn ini `icdkukdn `fnldn gfnvdridsikdn wdktu rfdksi yditu ?2, 0, `dn !2 gfni gfnit, t, sfrtd sfrtd gfnfn gfnfntu tukd kdn n kdrd kdrdkt ktfri fristi stikk hia` hia`if ifsfc sfc ydit yditu u kd`d kd`drr dir dir, `fns `fnsit itds ds,, viskasitds, viskasitds, `dn umi nydcd. nydcd. Hfr`dsdrkdn Hfr`dsdrkdn jdsic jdsic pfroahdd pfroahddn n sfgdkin cdgd wdktu wdktu rfdks rfdksii gdkd gdkd kanvfrs kanvfrsii hia`ifs hia`ifsfc fc ydnl ydnl `i`dpd `i`dpdtt sfgdkin sfgdkin hfsdr. hfsdr. "anvfrs "anvfrsii ydnl  ydnl  `ijdsickdn `ijdsickdn pd`d wdktu rfdksi rfdksi ?2, 0 `dn !2 gfnit sfodrd hfrturut#turut hfrturut#turut `i`dpdt  `i`dpdt   sfhfsdr $0%, ?0% `dn &!%. Hfrdt mfnis hia`ifsfc ydnl `ipfracfj pd`d wdktu rfdksi ?2, 0 `dn !2 gfnit sfodrd hfrturut#turut yditu sfhfsdr 2,'?$ lr(og ?) 2,'$  lr(og? `dn 2,'? lr(og ?. *iskasitds hia`ifsfc ydnl `ipfracfj pd`d wdktu rfdksi ?2, 0 `dn !2 gfnit sfodrd hfrturut#turut yditu sfhfsdr ',' gg(s) +,+& gg(s `dn 2,& gg(s. "d`dr dir hia`ifsfc ydnl `ipfracfj pd`d wdktu rfdksi ?2, 0 `dn !2 gfnit sfodrd hfrturut#turut yditu sfhfsdr 2,!%) 2,% `dn 2,0$%. -itik nydcd hia`ifsfc ydnl `ipfracfj pd`d wdktu rfdksi ?2, 0 `dn !2 gfnit sfodrd hfrturut# turut hfrd`d pd`d suju  2, 0 2 `dn 02 2. Kdtd Kun5i =  Hia`ifsfc, ginydk ndhdti, trdnsfstfrieikdsi, kanvfrsi, kd`dr dir,  Hfrdt mfnis, viskasitds, titik nydcd

HDH I RFN@D<2C2DN #.# Pu Pu:udn :udn Rf!5a-ddn Rf!5a-ddn

D`dpun D`dpun tumudn tumudn `dri `dri pfroah pfroahddn ddn gftdna gftdnacisi cisiss gindk gindk ndhdti ndhdti ditu ditu untuk  untuk  gfgpfcdmdri pfnldru! "dktu rfdksi tfr!d`dp kan#frsi gindk ndhdti gfnmd`i  hia`ifsfc.

#.+

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$ia`ifsfc gfrupdkdn sfmfnis hd!dn hdkdr `ifsfc dnl `iprasfs `dri hd!dn !ddti tfrutdgd gindk ndhdti `dn cfgdk !f"dn `dn sfodrd kigid"i `indtdkdn sfhdldi ganadckic fstfr `dri dsdg cfgdk rdntdi pdnmdnl dnl hfrsughfr `dri lacanldn lacanldn cipi`d. $ia`ifsfc $ia`ifsfc pfrtdgd pfrtdgd kdci `ikfndckdn `i D%rikd D%rikd &fcdtdn sfhfcug  pfrdnl `unid '' sfhdldi hd!dn hdkdr kfn`frddn hfrdt. $ia`ifsfc `i`f%inisikdn sfhdldi gftic(ftic fstfr dnl `ipra`uksi `dri gindk tughu!dn dtdu !f"dn `dn gfgfnu!i gfgfnu!i kudcitds untuk `ilundkdn `ilundkdn sfhdldi hd!dn hdkdr `i `dcdg gfsin `ifsfc. &f`dnlkdn gindk dnl `i`dpdtkdn cdnlsunl `dri pfgfrd!dn dtdu pfnlfgpddn  himi sughfr gindk )aicsff` *, *, dnl kfgu`idn `isdrinl `dn `ikfrinlkdn )untuk  gfnlurdnli kd`dr dir*, `isfhut sfhdldi gindk cfgdk gfntd!. Rd`d ugugnd, ardnl cfhi! gfgici! untuk gfcdkukdn prasfs kigid"i pd`d gindk gfntd! dtdu rfeinf` edtty aic (&+ (&+ untuk gfnl!dsickdn gftic fstfr dsdg cfgdk ) edtty  edtty doi` gftjyc fstfr    - DG/* dnl gfgiciki hfrdt gacfkuc cfhi! kfoic `dn #iskasitds sftdrd `fnldn sacdr sf!inlld hisd cdnlsunl `ilundkdn `dcdg gfsin `ifsfc kan#fnsiandc kan#fnsiandc.. $ia`ifsfc $ia`ifsfc ugugnd `ipra`uksi `ipra`uksi `dri rfeinf` vflftdhcf aic  gfnl gfnllu lundk ndkdn dn pras prasfs fs trdn trdnsfs sfstf tfri% ri%ik ikds dsi. i. Rras Rrasfs fs ini ini pd`d pd`d `dsd `dsdrn rndd hfrtu hfrtumu mudn dn gfnluhd! 2tri, `i, gana4 lcisfri`d hfrhfrdt gacfkuc `dn hfr#iskasitds tinlli dnl gfn`agindsi kagpasisi rfeinf` edtty aic  gfnmd`i  gfnmd`i dsdg cfgdk gftic fstfr )DG/*. Kansfp pfnllunddn gindk tughu!-tughu!dn sfhdldi hd!dn pfghudtdn  hd!dn hdkdr su`d! `igucdi pd`d td!un 8?06 sddt @r. Xu`ac% 5!ristidn Kdrc @ifsfc

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pfnl pfnlfg fghd hdnl nldn dn hukdn kdn

!dn dnd

`dn `dn untu untuk  k 

gfndnllucdnli krisis fnfrli dnl gfn`frd hdnlsd ndgun muld sfhdldi sdcd! sdtu sacusi kfhdnlkitdn fkanagi gdsdrdkdt. #.+.+ Rf!kfg-dndn Rf!kfg-dndn Hiaif6fc Hiaif6fc

Rfni Rfninl nlkd kdtd tdn n kfhu kfhutu tu!d !dn n fnfr fnfrli li )$$G )$$G** dnl dnl sdnld sdnldtt tinl tinlli li `f"ds `f"dsdd ini ini gfn` gfn`ar aran anl l

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pfnl pfnlfh fhar ardn dn

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gfninl gfninlkdt kdtkdn kdn pra`uk pra`uksi si gfrfkd. gfrfkd. Rfninlkd Rfninlkdtdn tdn

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ini dkdn dkdn tfrus tfrus tfrmd`i tfrmd`i sftidp sftidp

td!unnd sfirinl `fnldn pfrkfghdnldn tfknacali dnl sfgdkin gdmu `dn mugcd!  pfn`u`uk dnl sfgdkin gfninlkdt. &ddnlnd, $$G dnl tftdp gfnmd`i tugpudn pfgfnu!dn kfhutu!dn tfrsfhut gfrupdkdn fnfrli tdk tfrhdrukdn. 9dc ini  hfr`dgpdk hfsdr hdli kftfrsf`iddn fnfrli tfrsfhut `i gdsd `fpdn. cf! kdrfnd itu,  pfnfcitidn gfnlfndi fnfrli dctfrndti% dnl tfrhdrukdn sfrtd pfnfrdpdnnd  hfrkfghdnl pfsdt `dcdg hfhfrdpd td!un tfrdk!ir ini.

$ia`ifsfc d`dcd! sudtu fnfrli dctfrndti% dnl tfcd! `ikfghdnlkdn sfodrd cuds untuk gfnlurdnli kftfrldntunldn kfpd`d $$G. $ia`ifsfc gfrupdkdn hd!dn  hdkdr hfrupd gftic fstfr dsdg cfgdk dnl `i!dsickdn `dri prasfs kigid dntdrd gindk ndhdti `dn dcka!ac. &fhdldi hd!dn hdkdr, hia`ifsfc gdgpu gfnlurdnli fgisi !i`rakdrhan tdk tfrhdkdr, kdrhan ganaksi`d, suc%dt, !i`rakdrhan pacisikcik  dragdtik, nitrdt !i`rakdrhan pacisikcik dragdtik `dn pdrtikfc pd`dtdn sf!inlld  hia`ifsfc gfrupdkdn hd!dn hdkdr dnl `isukdi `isfhdhkdn acf! si%dtnd dnl rdgd! cinlkunldn. @i hfhfrdpd nfldrd, hia`ifsfc tfcd! `ipra`uksi `dn `ikansugsi `dcdg `dcdg mugcd! mugcd! hdndk hdndk.. Rd`d Rd`d td!un td!un ;;? ;;? pra`uk pra`uksi si hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc Dgfrik Dgfrikdd &frikd &frikdtt gfnodp gfnodpdi di 3;; mutd mutd ldccan ldccan.. &fhdli &fhdlidn dn hfsdr hfsdr hd!dn hd!dn hdku hdku dnl dnl `ilund `ilundkdn kdn `dcdg `dcdg  pra`uksi hia`ifsfc `i nfldrd-nfldrd tfrsfhut d`dcd! gindk kf`fcdi, gindk  kdna kdnacd cd,, gin gindk dk kfcd kfcdpd pd sd"i sd"it, t, `dn `dn gin gindk dk himi himi hunl hunldd gdtd gdtd!d !dri ri.. 7dgu 7dgun, n,  pfnllunddn hd!dn hdku tfrsfhut gfnmd`i kfn`dcd hdru hdli pfgfnu!dn kfhutu kfhutu!dn !dn pdnldn pdnldn.. &fcdin &fcdin itu, itu, gindk gindk mdrdk mdrdk dnl dnl tfcd! tfcd! `ikfgh `ikfghdnl dnlkdn kdn untuk  untuk  gfnldtdsi gdsdcd! tfrsfhut sfodrd fkanagi hfcug cddk untuk `ikfghdnlkdn cfhi! cdnmut `dcdg skdcd hfsdr `isfhdhkdn acf! `iskantinuitds supcdi. cf! kdrfnd itu, pfnodridn pfnodridn hd!dn hdku hdru untuk untuk hia`ifsfc sdnldt `ipfrcukdn. `ipfrcukdn. Kfuntunldn Kfuntunldn cdin `dri hia`ifsfc dntdrd cdin = d.  h. o. `.

Pfrgds frgdsuk uk hd!dn hd!dn hdkdr hdkdr dnl dnl `dpdt `dpdt `ipfrh `ipfrhdru drui. i. Pi`dk gfgfrcukdn gfgfrcukdn ga`i%ikdsi gfsin `ifsfc dnl tfcd! d`d. Pi`dk Pi`dk gfgpfrp gfgpfrpdrd! drd! f%fk f%fk rugd! rugd! kdod kdrfnd kdrfnd sikcus sikcus kdrhan kdrhan dnl tfrcihdt. tfrcihdt. Kdn` Kdn`un unld ldn n fnfr fnfrli li dnl dnl !dgp !dgpir ir sdgd sdgd `fnl `fnldn dn kdn` kdn`un unld ldn n fnfr fnfrli li

 pftracfug `ifsfc. f. Rfnllu Rfnllundd nddn n hia`ifsfc hia`ifsfc `dpdt `dpdt gfgpfrpd gfgpfrpdnmdn nmdnl l usid gfsin `ifsfc `ifsfc kdrfnd kdrfnd %.

gfghfrikdn cuhrikdsi cfhi! `dripd`d hd!dn hdkdr pftracfug. Gfgiciki  ecdsj paint  dnl   dnl tinlli, ditu sfkitdr ;; ;5, sf`dnlkdn hd!dn

 hdkdr pftracfug `ifsfc ecdsj `ifsfc ecdsj paint nd nd !dnd 3; ;5. l. $icdn icdnl ldn sft sftdn dndd )oftdnf )oftdnf nughfr * dnl cfhi! tinlli `dripd`d pftracfug `ifsfc . $ia`ifsfc tfrlacanl hd!dn hdkdr dnl `dpdt `ipfrhdrui kdrfnd `ipra`uksi `dri !dsic pfrtdnidn, dntdrd cdin = mdrdk pdldr, kfcdpd, sd"it, kf`fcf, mdlunl, rdpf  sff` , kdpd kdpds, s, kdodn kdodnl l tdnd tdnd!, !, `dn `dn sfhdl sfhdldi din nd. d. &fcdi &fcdin n itu itu hia` hia`if ifsfc sfc muld muld hisd hisd `i!dsic `i!dsickdn kdn `dri cfgdk cfgdk !f"dn !f"dn `dn gindk gindk ikdn. ikdn. Rfnllu Rfnllundd nddn n hia`ifs hia`ifsfc fc oukup oukup

sf`fr!dnd, sf`fr!dnd, `dpdt tfrurdi )hia`flrd`dhcf*, hia`flrd`dhcf*, ti`dk hfrdoun `dn pd`d `dsdrnd hfhds kdn`unldn hfcfrdnl )suc%ur*. #.+.& Rfg-udtdn Hiaif6fc Hiaif6fc

$ia`ifsfc `dpdt hfrupd gftic fstfr dtdupun ftic fstfr tfrldntunl `dri mfnis dcka!ac dnl `ilundkdn. Pftdpi dnl pdcinl sfrinl `ipra`uksi d`dcd! gftic fstfr  kdrfn kdrfndd gftd gftdna nacc gu`d! gu`d! `i`d `i`dpd pdtt `dn `dn

ti`d ti`dk k gd!dc gd!dc.. Kan` Kan`isi isi pras prasfs fs pra` pra`uk uksi si

 hia`ifsfc `fnldn gfnllundkdn kdtdcis hdsd d`dcd! = d. Xfdk Xfdksi si hfrcd hfrcdnl nlsu sunl nl pd`d pd`d tfgpf tfgpfrdt rdtur ur `dn `dn tfkdn tfkdndn dn dnl dnl rfn`d rfn`d! ! )86; )86;> > `dn  psi*.  h. Gfnl!dsickdn kan#frsi dnl tinlli )0?1* `fnldn "dktu rfdksi `dn tfrmd`ind rfdksi sdgpinl dnl ginigdc. o. Kan#f Kan#frsi rsi cdnlsu cdnlsunl nl gfnmd` gfnmd`ii hia`ifsf hia`ifsfcc tdnpd tdnpd td!dp td!dp intfrgf`idtf. intfrgf`idtf. `. Pi`dk Pi`dk gfgfrcukdn gfgfrcukdn kanstruksi kanstruksi pfrdcdtdn pfrdcdtdn dnl dnl gd!dc. gd!dc. $fr`dsdrkdn kdn`unldn D `dcdg gindk ndhdti gdkd prasfs pfghudtdn  hia`ifsfc sfodrd kagfrsidc `ihf`dkdn gfnmd`i  ditu = 8. Prdn Prdnsfs sfstfr tfri% i%ik ikdsi dsi `fnl `fnldn dn kdtd kdtdcis cis hdsd hdsd )sfhd )sfhdli lidn dn hfsdr hfsdr gfnl gfnllu lund ndkd kdn n kdciug kdciug !i`rak !i`raksi` si`d* d* untuk untuk hd!dn hd!dn hdku hdku rfeinf` rfeinf` aic  dtdu gindk ndhdti ndhdti `fnldn kdn`unldn D rfn`d!. . /stfri /stfri%ikd %ikdsi si `fnldn `fnldn kdtdcis kdtdcis dsdg )ugugn )ugugndd gfnllu gfnllundk ndkdn dn dsdg suc%dt* suc%dt* untuk gindk ndhdti `fnldn kdn`unldn D tinlli `icdnmutkdn `fnldn trdnsfstfri%ikdsi `fnldn kdtdcis hdsd Rras Rrasfs fs fstf fstfri ri%i %ikd kdsi si `fnl `fnldn dn kdtd kdtdci ciss

dsdg dsdg `ipf `ipfrc rcuk ukdn dn mikd mikd gin gindk dk ndhd ndhdti ti

gfnldn`unl D `i dtds 61.
8dg-d! #.# Xfdksi Prdnsfstfri%ikdsi )&ughfr = Kftdrfn, 80?*

D`dpun %dktar-%dktar dnl hfrpfnldru! pd`d rfdksi fstfri%ikdsi dntdrd cdin = 8. Hdktu Xfdksi &fgdkin cdgd "dktu rfdksi gdkd kfgunlkindn kantdk dntdr Odt sfgdkin  hfsdr sf!inlld dkdn gfnl!dsickdn kan#frsi dnl hfsdr. hfsdr.
tfro tfrodp dpdi di

gdkd dkd

`fnld fnldn n

hfrt hfrtdg dgh hd!n d!ndd

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rfdk rfdksi si

ti`d ti`dk k

dkdn dkdn

gfnluntunlkdn kdrfnd ti`dk gfgpfrhfsdr !dsic. . Rfnld`ukdn Rfnl Rfnld` d`uk ukdn dn dkdn dkdn gfnd gfndgh ghd! d! %rfk %rfkuf ufns nsii tugh tughuk ukdn dn dntd dntdrd rd gacfk gacfkuc uc Odt  pfrfdksi `fnldn Odt dnl hfrfdksi sf!inlld s f!inlld gfgpfrofpdt rfdksi `dn rfdksi tfrmd`i sfgpurnd. &fsudi `fnldn pfrsdgddn Dro!fnius = k  D f)-/d(XP* `igdnd, P  &u!u dhsacut )FK* X  Kanstdntd Kanstdntd lds ugug )odc(lgac FK* /d  Pfndld Pfndld dkti#dsi )odc(lgac* D  dktar dktar tughukdn tughukdn )t-8* k  Kanstdntd kfofpdtdn rfdksi )t-8* &fgd &fgdki kin n hfsdr hfsdr tugh tughuk ukdn dn gdkd gdkd sfgdk sfgdkin in hfsdr hfsdr pucd pucd !drl !drldd kans kanstd tdnt ntdd kfofpdtdn rfdksi. &f!inlld `dcdg !dc ini pfnld`ukdn sdnldt pfntinl gfnlinldt cdrutdn gindk-kdtdcis-gftdnac gfrupdkdn cdrutdn dnl iggisoihcf. iggisoihcf. :. Kdtdcisdtar

Kdtdcisdtar hfr%unlsi untuk gfnlurdnli tfndld dkti#dsi pd`d sudtu rfdksi sf!inlld pd`d su!u tfrtfntu !drld kanstdntd kfofpdtdn rfdksi sfgdkin hfsdr. Rd`d rfdksi rfdksi fstfri%i fstfri%ikdsi kdsi dnl dnl su`d! su`d! `icdku `icdkukdn kdn hidsdn hidsdndd gfnllu gfnllundk ndkdn dn kansfn kansfntrds trdsii kdtdcis dntdrd 8 - E 1 hfrdt sdgpdi 8; 1 hfrdt odgpurdn pfrfdksi. E. &u!u Xfdksi &fgdki &fgdkin n tinlli tinlli su!u su!u dnl dnl `iapfr `iapfrdsik dsikdn dn gdkd gdkd sfgdkin sfgdkin hdnd hdndk k kan#fr kan#frsi si dnl `i!dsickdn, !dc ini sfsudi `fnldn pfrsdgddn Dro!fnius. $icd su!u ndik gdkd !drld k gdkin hfsdr sf!inlld rfdksi hfrmdcdn ofpdt `dn !dsic kan#frsi gdkin  hfsdr. #.+./ _i;dt ?i6ik Hiaif6fc Hiaif6fc

D`dpun si%dt %isik `dri hia`ifsfc `dpdt `ici!dt pd`d Pd-fc #.# = Pd-fc Pd-fc #.# &pfsi%ikdsi $ia-`ifsfc &fsudi &tdn`dr 'n`anfsid X&7' /$ ;;668

Rdrdgftfr Kudcitds `dn Lnits @fnsit dt E; a5, kl(g: Kinfg. +iso. dt E; a5, gg(s )o&t*

$dtds

Pfst Gft!a`

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D&PG @ 80?

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#.+.' Gd5dg4Gd5dg Gd5dg4Gd5dg Kdtdci6 *dn *dn iundkdn iundkdn

&fsudi `fnldn %unlsind, kdtdcis `igdn%ddtkdn untuk gfgpfrofpdt sudtu rfdksi, ikut hfrfdksi tftdpi ti`dk ikut tfrkansugsi gfnmd`i pra`uk. Rfroahddn untuk gfnlumi pfr%argd hfhfrdpd kdtdcis tfcd! `icdkukdn pd`d prasfs pfghudtdn  hia`ifsfc `dn `isdmikdn pd`d Pdhfc Pdhfc 8. dnl dnl gfnunmukkdn hd!"d kdn`unldn kdn`unldn sicikd dnl hdndk hfrsi%dt ti`dk dkti% pd`d rfdksi gftdnacisis `dn dnl sdnldt dkti%  d`dcd! d`dcd! kdtdcis kdtdcis `fnldn `fnldn kdn`un kdn`unldn ldn sfnd"d sfnd"d kagpan kagpanfn fn Kdcsiug Kdcsiug `dn 7dtriug 7dtriug.. &fnd"d `fnldn nicdi nicdi 8; gfghfri drti kdtdcis gdgpu gfnlkan#frsi gfnlkan#frsi !inlld 061, 061, tftdpi pd`d kfndtddnnd kdtdcis tfrsfhut muld hdndk sfkdci gfnl!dsickdn sdhun.

Pd-fc Pd-fc #.+. Kdtdcis gftdnacisis `dn pra`uksi gftic fstfr dsdg-dsdg cfgdk rfcdti%.

Kdtdcis Gl &i 5d 5d.Gl 5d. Dc: 5d.&i 5d huhuk

Kagpasisi 0,? 1 Gl 0:1 &i M : 1 Dc : 31 5d M 31 Dc: 0,1 5d M 081 Gl 8E,?1 5d M ?6,1Dc : 8,1 5d M ?3,E1&i 

Rra`uksi gftic fstfr  dsdg cfgdk rfcdti%  8; :

5d.Gl. Dc : K 5:.Gl K 5:.Dc: K 5: hu  huhuk  7d5: hu  huhuk f:.Gl 59:7d.&i

,:E1 5d M 6,E1 Gl M ?1 Dc: E,31 K 5   : M 06,1 Gl 8E,1 K 5: M?61 Dc :

,3:1 f : .&iM 03,:1 Gl 8,61 - :,1 59 :7d M 0?,61 - 0,61 &i 

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&ughfr = Rftfrsan `dn &odrrd!, 80?E )`ikutip `dri d!rind, ;;;*

Kdtdci Kdtdcis-kd s-kdtdci tdciss `fnldn `fnldn kagpan kagpanfn fn Kdcsiu Kdcsiug g `dn Gdlnfs Gdlnfsiug iug kurdnl kurdnl hdik  hdik  `ilundkdn sfhdldi kdtdcis kdrfnd ofn`frunl gfghfntuk sdhun )gfgiciki si%dt ldn`d*. &fnd"d dnl gfnlikdt kagpanfn kagpanfn &i, Gl `dn Dc Dc ofn`frunl hfr%unlsi sfhdl sfhdldi di pfn pfndn dnll lldd kdtd kdtdcis cis.. Kdtdc Kdtdcis is cald caldg g sfpfrt sfpfrtii 5u `dn `dn &n pd`d pd`d rfdks rfdksii gftdnacisis ti`dk `itfgukdn !dsic hfrupd gftic fstfr. Kdtdcis dnl hfrsughfr `dri cighd! sfpfrti mdnmdnl sd"it `dn cighd! sfkdg pd`i muld `dpdt `ilundkdn `ilundkdn sfhdldi kdtdcis. kdtdcis. &fkdg pd`i gfnldn`un gfnldn`unl l sfnd"d sfnd"d `fnldn `fnldn kagpanfn kagpanfn K `dn 7d, mdnmdnl sd"it hdndk gfnldn`unl kagpanfn K dnl hdik sfhdldi kdtdcis. #.+. Gin*dk Nd-dti Nd-dti _f-ddi Kagpanfn Hiaif6fc Hiaif6fc

'n`ustri pfnlacd!dn gindk sd"it gfnl!dsickdn %rdksi acfin `dn stfdrin. rdksi acfin cfhi! hdik `ilundkdn untuk pfghudtdn gindk larfnl, kdrfnd dsdg cfgdk tdk mfnu! dnl tfrkdn`unl `i `dcdgnd cfhi! gu`d! `i!dnourkdn `i `dcdg tuhu tuhu!. !. rdk rdksi si stfdr stfdrin in hidsd hidsdn ndd `ilu `ilund ndkd kdn n sfhd sfhdld ldii hd!d hd!dn n hdku hdku pd`d pd`d pdhr pdhrik  ik  acfaki acfakigid gid `dn untuk untuk `ifksp `ifkspar ar.. Dkdn Dkdn tftdpi tftdpi,, sddt ini fkspar fkspar stfdrin stfdrin gfn`dp gfn`dpdt dt sdinldn sdinldn `dri `dri nfldrd nfldrd cdin dnl muld muld pfnl!d pfnl!dsic sic kfcdpd kfcdpd sd"it sd"it sfpfrti sfpfrti Gdcds Gdcdsid. id. Dkihdtnd, Dkihdtnd, %rdksi stfdrin dkdn tfrus hfrcigpd! kdrfnd pra`uksi pra`uksi acfakigid acfakigid `dcdg nflfri sdgpdi kini muld gdsi! sdnldt sf`ikit `ihdn`inl pra`uksi hd!dn hdku dnl tfrus gfninlkdt. &tfdrin gfgiciki dsdg cfgdk mfnu! dnl cfhi! hdndk `dripd`d %rdksi acfin, kdrfnd itu %rdksi stfdrin gfgiciki hicdnldn sftdnd cfhi! hfsdr. Kf`ud dcdsdn `i dtds gfnmd`ikdn %rdksi stfdrin sfhdldi sughfr dnl tfpdt untuk `imd`ikdn  hd!dn hdku pfghudtdn hia`ifsfc .

HDH II RFX3AHDDN

#.#. Dcdt dn dn -d9dn -d9dn

Dcdt-dcdt dnl `ilundkdn pd`d pfroahddn gftdnacisis gindk ndhdti d`dcd! jfdtinl gdntfc, gdlnftio stirrfr, cdhu dcds hucdt kdpdsitds 6; gc, oaranl pisd!, tfrgag tfrgagftfr ftfr,, frcfngf frcfngffr, fr,  pionagftfr , #iskas #iskasgftf gftfrr as"dc` as"dc`,, pfndnl pfndnlds ds dir, dir, pipft pipft tdkdr `dn dcguniug eaic. &f`dnlkdn eaic.  &f`dnlkdn hd!dn dnl `ilundkdn d`dcd! gftdnac p.d, gindk larfnl ndhdti &dnid `dn K9 p.d.

+.+. R!a6fu! Kf!:d d. Kdn`unldn dsdg cfgdk hfhds `dn kd`dr dir `dcdg gindk ndhdti `iumi. Kdtdcis K9 pfccft pfccft );,36 );,36 lrdg* lrdg* `icdru `icdrutkd tkdn n kf `dcdg `dcdg :,6 :,6 gc gftdna gftdnacc -. Kdtdcis

`fnldn gfnllundkdn pfnld`uk gdlnftio dtdu gdlnftio dtdu dlitdtar  stdn`dr.  stdn`dr. 5. 5dgpur 5dgpurdn dn gftdnac gftdnac `dn kdtdcis kdtdcis `igdsu `igdsukkd kkdn n kf `dcdg `dcdg rfdktar rfdktar tfrtutu tfrtutup, p, sfcdnmutnd sfcdnmutnd `itdghd!kdn `itdghd!kdn gindk gindk ndhdti sfhdndk 6; gc, `dn kfgu`idn `itdgh `itdghd!k d!kdn dn cdli cdli ; gc gftdna gftdnac. c. &istfg &istfg `dcdg `dcdg kfd`dd kfd`ddn n tfrtutu tfrtutup p tatdc tatdc untuk gfnl!in`dri pfnludpdn gftdnac. 5dgpurdn dn rfdksi rfdksi `ipdnd `ipdndskd skdn n `dn `imdld `imdld pd`d pd`d su!u su!u sfkitdr sfkitdr titik titik `i`i! `i`i! . 5dgpur dcka!ac )sfkitdr 6-3; a5* lund gfgpfrofpdt rfdksi. Rfgdndsdn `icdkukdn `fnldn `fnldn #dridsi "dktu= "dktu= :;, E6, `dn ; gfnit. Rfghfridn Rfghfridn gftdnac hfrcfhi! `ipf `ipfrcu rcukd kdn n untu untuk k gfgd gfgdsti stikd kdn n kan# kan#fr frsi si dnl dnl sfgpu sfgpurn rnd. d. 9dsic 9dsic rfdks rfdksii `i`i `i`inl nlin inkd kdn, n, kfgu kfgu`i `idn dn `igd `igdsu sukk kkdn dn kf `dcdg `dcdg oara oaranl nl pisd pisd! ! sdgpd sdgpdii tfrhfntuk cdpisdn. 9dsicc pfgi pfgisd! sd!dn dn hfru hfrupd pd fstfr fstfr gfti gfticc )hia )hia`i `ifsf fsfc* c* `dn `dn lcis lcisfra frac. c. Ncis Ncisfra fracc f. 9dsi `igdsukkdn kf `dcdg "d`d! `dn `isigpdn, sf`dnlkdn hia`ifsfc `ihidrkdn `i `dcdg oaranl pisd!. ;. $ia`ifsfc `igurnikdn `fnldn dir !dnldt untuk gfghudnl sisd-sisd kdtdcis dtdu sdhun. l. $ia`ifsfc $ia`ifsfc dnl dnl `i`dpdt `i`dpdt `iukur `iukur #acugfn #acugfndd untuk gfnlftd! gfnlftd!ui ui kan#frsin kan#frsind. d. a !. $ia`ifsfc $ia`ifsfc dnl dnl `i`dpdt `i`dpdt `ikfrinlkdn `ikfrinlkdn `i `dcdg `dcdg a#fn a#fn )A8;6 )A8;6 5*.

i.

&i%dt &i%dt-si -si%d %dtt %isik %isikdd `dri `dri hia` hia`if ifsfc sfc dnl dnl `ipf `ipfra racf! cf! `ium `iumi, i, hfru hfrupd pd hfrdt hfrdt mfnis, mfnis, #isk iskasit asitds ds,, kd`dr d`dr dir dir `dn `dn umi umi ndc ndcd. d. Kfgu Kfgu`i `idn dn !dsic dsic dnl dnl `i`dp i`dpdt dt `ihdn`inlkdn `fnldn spfsi%ikdsi hia`ifsfc.

HDH III
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9dsic 9dsic pfroah pfroahddn ddn gftdna gftdnacisi cisiss gindk gindk ndhdti ndhdti pd`d pd`d hfrhdl hfrhdldi di #dridsi #dridsi "dktu "dktu rfdksi ):;, E6 `dn ; gfnit* `isdmikdn pd`d Pdhfc :.8. Pd-fc Pd-fc &.#. 9dsic Rfroahddn

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Pd!dpd !dpdn n pras prasfs fs `dri `dri pfgh pfghudt udtdn dn hia` hia`if ifsfc sfc ini ini dit ditu u `iguc `igucdi di `fnl `fnldn dn  pfnlumidn kdn`unldn dsdg cfgdk hfhds `dn kd`dr dir dnl tfr`dpdt `i `dcdg gindk ndhdti. Gindk ndhdti dnl `ilundkdn d`dcd! gindk `dcdg kfgdsdn &dnid &dnid.. Rfnlum Rfnlumidn idn kd`dr kd`dr dsdg cfgdk cfgdk hfhds hfhds `icdku `icdkukdn kdn `fnldn `fnldn gfta`f gfta`f titrdsi titrdsi gfnllundkdn cdrutdn hdsd kudt K9 ;,8 7. Cdrutdn K9 ;,8 7 `ihudt `fnldn gfcdrutkdn sfhdndk 6, lrdg K9 pfccft kf `dcdg 8 citfr dTud`fs. Cdrutdn ini kfgu`i kfgu`idn dn `istdn `istdn`dri `drisdsi sdsi `fnldn `fnldn gfnllu gfnllundk ndkdn dn cdrutdn cdrutdn dsdg aksdcd aksdcdtt ;,8 7. Cdrutdn dsdg aksdcdt `ihudt `fnldn gfcdrutkdn sfhdndk ,: lrdg dsdg aksdcdt  pfccft kf `dcdg 8 citfr dTud`fst. Cdrutdn dsdg aksdcdt kfgu`idn `ititrdsi `fnldn gfnllundkdn K9 sf!inlld `i`dpdt kansfntrdsi K9 sfhfsdr ;,;083 7. Gindk umi `itighdnl sfhdndk 8; lrdg `dn `itdghd!kdn pfcdrut ftdnac 061 sfhdndk 6; gc kf `dcdg frcfngffr. Gindk umi kfgu`idn `ipdndskdn `i dtds dtds pfnd pfndnl nlds ds dir dir pd`d pd`d su!u su!u E;;5 !inlld !inlld cdrut cdrut `dn `itdgh `itdghd!k d!kdn dn in`ikdt in`ikdtar  ar  %fna %fnac% c%td tdcf cfin in sfhd sfhdn ndk dk -: -: tftf tftfs. s. Gin Gindk dk umi umi kfgu kfgu`i `idn dn `iti `ititr trds dsii `fnl `fnldn dn

gfnllundkdn cdrutdn titdr K9 ;,;083 7, #acugf cdrutdn titdr dnl `ilundkdn sfhfsdr ,8 gc. &fcdnmutnd `icdkukdn pfnlumidn kd`dr DC$. 9dsic pfr!itunldn )ci!dt Cdgpirdn D* `i`dpdt kd`dr DC$ gindk umi dnl `ilundkdn sfhfsdr ;,E01. $ia`ifsfc `ihudt gfcdcui sudtu prasfs kigid dnl `isfhut trdnsfstfri%ikdsi, `igdnd `igdnd rfdksi dntdrd sfnd"d fstfr )5R(gindk )5R(gindk kfcdpd sd"it* `fnldn `fnldn sfnd"d dcka dcka!a !acc )gft )gftdn dnac ac*. *. Rras Rrasfs fs ini ini gfnl gfnl!d !dsic sickd kdn n `ud `ud pra` pra`uk uk ditu ditu gfti gfticc fstfr  fstfr  )hia`i )hia`ifsfc fsfc** `dn lcisfri lcisfrin n )Pig )Pig Rfnusu Rfnusun, n, ;8:*. ;8:*. Rrasfs Rrasfs trdnsfst trdnsfstfri fri%ikd %ikdsi si dnl dnl ugug untuk gfghudt hia`ifsfc `dri gindk ndhdti )hiacipi`* d`d tild gdodg, ditu= • • •

Prdnsfstfri%ikdsi `fnldn kdtdcis hdsd Prdnsfstfri%ikdsi `fnldn kdtdcis dsdg cdnlsunl Prdnsfstfr Prdnsfstfri%ikdsi i%ikdsi gindk(cfgd gindk(cfgdk k ndhdti gfnmd`i dsdg cfgdk `icdnmutkdn `icdnmutkdn gfnmd`i hia`ifsfc )Pig ) Pig Rfnusun, ;8:*.

Rfroahddn gftdnacisis gindk ndhdti ini `icdkukdn `fnldn gfnllundkdn kdtdcis  hdsd. Drtind, kdn`unldn dsdg cfgdk hfhds `i `dcdg gindk ndhdti dnl `ilundkdn !drus sdnldt kfoic, ditu kurdnl `dri 81.
!inlld sfcisi! hfrdt dntdrd `ud pfnighdnldn hfrturut-turut ti`dk cfhi! `dri ;,;1 )hfrdtnd !dgpir kanstdn*. $frdt gindk  "d`d! sftfcd! pfnla#fndn `iodtdt sfhdldi sfhdldi hfrdt hfrdt dk!ir dk!ir untuk untuk kfgu`i kfgu`idn dn `icdku `icdkukdn kdn pfnl!i pfnl!itun tunldn ldn kd`dr kd`dr dirnd dirnd.. $fr`dsdrkdn !dsic pfr!itunldn pfroahddn )ci!dt Cdgpirdn D* `i`dpdt kd`dr dir  gind gindk k umi dnl dnl `ilund `ilundkdn kdn sfhfsdr sfhfsdr ;,;8E1 ;,;8E1.. Gindk Gindk dnl dnl `ilund `ilundkdn kdn `dcdg `dcdg  pfroahddn ini gfgiciki gutu dnl hdlus, kdrfnd gfnurut Kftdrfn )80?*, kd`dr  dir gdksigdc pd`d 5R dnl `iacd! ditu sfhfsdr ;,81. Pd!dpdn prasfs pfghudtdn hia`ifsfc sfcdnmutnd ditu `fnldn gfcdrutkdn K9 pfccft sfhdndk ;,36 lrdg `fnldn gfnllundkdn gftdnac sfhdndk :,6 gc `i `dcdg cdhu dcds hucdt )sistfg tfrtutup tatdc* dnl tfcd! `ihfri gdlnftik stirfr  `dn `ipdndskdn `ipdndskdn `i dtds jfdtinl gdntcf. K9 hfr%unlsi sfhdldi kdtdcis dnl dkdn gfnurunkdn fnfrli dkti#dsi, sf!inlld gfgpfrofpdt sudtu rfdksi. Kdtdcis ini ikut  hfrfdksi, ndgun ti`dk ikut tfrkansugsi gfnmd`i pra`uk. Kdtdcis dnl tfpdt `ilundkdn untuk gfnlkan#frsi gindk ndhdti gfnmd`i hia`ifsfc d`dcd! kdtdcis !ftfralfn, ditu kdtdcis dnl hfrhf`d %dsd `fnldn rfdktdn `dn pra`uknd untuk  gfgu`d!kdn prasfs pfgisd!dn )Pig Rfnusun, ;8:*. cf! kdrfnd itu kdtdcis dnl `ilundkdn `dcdg pfroahddn ini hfr%dsd pd`dt. @i sdgpinl itu, mikd kdtdcis dnl `ilundkdn hfrd`d `dcdg %dsd odir, gdkd dkdn tfr`dpdt sfmugcd! dir `i `dcdg sistfg. 9dc ini sdnldt ti`dk `iinlinkdn, kdrfnd gindk dkdn tfr!i`racisis mikd  hfrfdksi `fnldn dir. Xfdksi !i`racisis ini dkdn gfninlkdtkdn kd`dr DC$ sf!inlld dkdn tfrhfntuk sdhun. K9 pd`d `dsdrnd `dsdrnd gfrupdkdn gfrupdkdn sfnd"d sfnd"d dnarldnik dnarldnik,, sf`dnlkdn sf`dnlkdn gftdnac gfrupdkdn sfnd"d arldnik. Kdrfnd d`dnd ikdtdn !i`ralfn `idntdrd kf`udnd gdkd gftdnac `dpdt gfcdrutkdn K9 `fnldn gu`d!. 5dgpurdn gindk-kdtdcisgftdnac gfrupdkdn odgpurdn dnl iggisoihcf )ti`dk sdcinl cdrut*, acf! kdrfnd itu  pfnllunddn gdln gdlnfti ftioo stirf stirfrr sfhdld sfhdldii pfnld` pfnld`uk uk sfrtd sfrtd prasfs prasfs pfgdnds pfgdndsdn dn dkdn dkdn gfgpfrofpdt prasfs pfnodgpurdn dntdrsfnd"d tfrsfhut. Gin Gindk dk ndhd ndhdti ti )sdhd )sdhdn ndk dk 6; gc* gc* `ipd `ipdnd ndsk skdn dn tfrcfh tfrcfhi! i! `d!u `d!ucu cu `i dtds dtds  pfndnlds dir sfhfcug `igdsukkdn kf `dcdg cdhu dcds hucdt, !dc ini hfrtumudn untuk gfgpfrofpdt rfdksi. Gftdnac `itdghd!kdn kfghdci kf `dcdg cdhu dcds  hucdt sfhdndk 86 gc. Dpdhicd sdcd! sdtu kansfntrdsi Odt `ipfrhfsdr, gdkd

kfsftighdnld kfsftighdnldn n gfnldcdgi gfnldcdgi pfrlfsfrdn pfrlfsfrdn dnl hfrcd"dndn hfrcd"dndn drd! `fnldn `fnldn Odt tfrsfhut tfrsfhut )Ya!dnfs, ;;0*. Rfghfridn gftdnac hfrcfhi! ini hfrtumudn untuk gfgpfrhfsdr  kansfntrdsind, sf!inlld kfsftighdnldn dkdn hfrlfsfr kf kdndn, cdmu rfdksi kf kdndn sfgdkin ofpdt `dn kan#frsind sfgdkin hfsdr. @i sdgpinl itu, pfghfridn gftdnac hfrcfhi! ini muld dldr gftdnac dnl hfrd`d `i `dcdg sistfg ti`dk !dhis )mikd tfrmd`i pfnludpdn gftdnac dkihdt sistfg dnl ti`dk tfrtutup `fnldn hdik*. 5dgpurdn rfdksi `ipdndskdn pd`d su!u sfkitdr titik `i`i! dcka!ac, ditu sfkitdr 6 - 3; ;5 lund gfgpfrofpdt rfdksi. Cdhu dcds hucdt !drus hfndr-hfndr  tfrtutu tfrtutup p )`itut )`itutup up `fnldn `fnldn ldhus cdcu cdcu `icdpi `icdpisi si dcuguniug eaic * dldr ti`dk tfrmd`i  pfnludpdn sfpfrti dnl `itunmukkdn `itunmukkdn pd`d Ndghdr :.8.

8dg-d! &.# &istfg tfrtutup pd`d gftdnacisis gindk ndhdti )4ughfr8 rsip prihd`i *

Rfgdndsdn `icdkukdn `fnldn gfg#dridsikdn "dktu rfdksi, ditu sfcdgd :; gfnit, E6 gfnit gfnit `dn ; gfnit. gfnit. +dridsi ridsi "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi ini `icdku `icdkukdn kdn lund lund gfnlft gfnlftd!u d!uii kdrdktfrisitik hia`ifsfc dnl dkdn `ipfracf! sfrtd kan#frsind. &ftfcd! prasfs pfgdndsdn, !dsic rfdksi `i`idgkdn `i `dcdg oaranl pisd! !inlld tfrhfntuk `ud cdpisdn, cdpisdn dtds hfr"drnd kuninl kfru!, sf`dnlkdn cdpisdn cdpisdn hd"d! hd"d! hfr"dr hfr"drnd nd kuninl kuninl mfrni!. mfrni!. Cdpisdn Cdpisdn dtds gfrupd gfrupdkdn kdn gftic gftic fstfr  fstfr  )hia`ifsfc* sf`dnlkdn cdpisdn hd"d! gfrupdkdn lcisfrac. Kf`udnd `dpdt tfrpisd! sfodrd lrd#itdsi kdrfnd d`dnd pfrhf`ddn `fnsitds, `igdnd `fnsitds lcisfrac cfhi!  hfsdr `ihdn`inlkdn `fnsitds gftic fstfr )lcisfrac 8; chs(ldc `dn gftic fstfr 3,:6 chs(ld chs(ldc*. c*. Ncisfra Ncisfracc kfgu`i kfgu`idn dn `igdsu `igdsukkd kkdn n kf "d`d! "d`d! `dn `i sigpdn, sigpdn, gfnlin gfnlinldt ldt tinllind nicdi fkanagis `dri lcisfrac ini.

8dg-d! &.+ Rfgisd!dn hia`ifsfc `dn lcisfrac `i `dcdg oaranl pisd! )4ughfr8 rsip prihd`i *

$ia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt hukdncd! hia`ifsfc gurni, gfcdinkdn gdsi! tfr`dpdt sisdsisd kdtdcis, dir `dn sdhun `i`dcdgnd. cf! kdrfnd itu, `icdkukdn pfnouoidn `fnl `fnldn dn gfnl gfnllu lund ndkd kdn n dir dir !dnl !dnldt dt dldr dldr hia` hia`if ifsfc sfc dnl dnl `i`d `i`dpd pdtt cfhi cfhi! ! gurn gurni. i. Rfnouoidn `icdkukdn hfhfrdpd kdci sdgpdi cdpisdn hd"d! ti`dk hfr"drnd cdli )hfninl*, sfpfrti dnl `itunmukkdn pd`d Ndghdr :.:.

8dg-d! &.& Rrasfs pfgurnidn hia`ifsfc )4ughfr8 rsip prihd`i *

$ia`ifsfc dnl tfrhfntuk kfgu`idn `igdsukkdn kf `dcdg lfcds ukur, `i!itunl #acugfnd #acugfnd lund gfnlftd!ui gfnlftd!ui kan#frsi hia`ifsfc. $ia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt `i`dpdt pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi :; gfnit sfhdndk sfhdndk 8 gc, pd`d "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit gfnit `i`dpd `i`dpdtt sfhdndk 83 gc, sf`dnlkdn pd`d "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit `i`dpdt sfhdndk :? gc. $ia` $ia`if ifsf sfcc kfgu kfgu`i `idn dn `igd `igdsu sukk kkdn dn kf `dcd `dcdg g "d`d "d`d! ! `dn `dn `icd `icdku kukd kdn n pras prasfs fs

 pfnla#fndn pd`d su!u 8;6 ;5. Rfnla#fndn `icdkukdn lund gfnlftd!ui pfrsfn kd`dr dir dnl tfrkdn`unl `i `dcdg hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt.

8dg-d! &./ $ia`ifsfc !dsic pfroahddn pd`d "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit )4ughfr8 rsip prihd`i *

Cdnlkd! Cdnlkd! sfcdnmutnd sfcdnmutnd ditu gfcdkukdn gfcdkukdn umi %isikd tfr!d`dp hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt, `i`dpdt, ditu hfrdt mfnis `dn #iskasitds.

&.+.# Kan"f!6i -iaif6fc -iaif6fc *dn i9d6ickdn

Rfroah Rfroahddn ddn gftdna gftdnacis cisis is gindk gindk ndhdti ndhdti `icdku `icdkukdn kdn `fnldn `fnldn gfg#dri gfg#dridsik dsikdn dn "dktu rfdksi ditu :;, E6, `dn ; gfnit. $ia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt pd`d "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit sfhdndk 8 gc, pd`d "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit `i`dpdt sfhdndk 83 gc, sf`dnlkdn pd`d "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit `i`dpdt sfhdndk :? gc. Kan#frsi gfgiciki pfnlfrtidn hd!"d untuk gfnlftd!ui sfmdu! gdnd rfdksi tfcd! tfcd! hfrc hfrcdn dnls lsun unl l dtdu dtdu untu untuk k gfnl gfnlftd ftd!u !uii mugc mugcd! d! gac gac !dsic !dsic untu untuk k sftidp sftidp  pfnllunddn gac sdcd! sdtu pfrfdksi dtdu hdsis )Pig Rfnusun, ;8:*. &fodrd rugus `indtdkdn=

 Z d 7

gac gac D rfdot fdotdn dn gac gac D eff` eff`

Rd`d Rd`d pfroah pfroahddn ddn ini, ini, kan#fr kan#frsi si `i`dpd `i`dpdtt gfcdcu gfcdcuii pfrhdn pfrhdn`in `inldn ldn dntdrd dntdrd #acugf #acugf  hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt `fnldn #acugf gindk ndhdti dnl `ilundkdn )sfhdndk  6; gc* `ikdci 8;;1. 9dsic kan#frsi gindk ndhdti gfnmd`i hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt `fnldn #dridsi "dktu `isdmikdn pd`d Ndghdr :.6.

:2 <2 52 62

Kan"f Kan"f!!6i (>)

02 ?2 82 42 2 2

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7dktu !fdk6i (gfnit)

9uhunldn dntdrd #dridsi "dktu rfdksi `fnldn `fnldn kan#frsi 8dg-d! &.' Kur#d 9uhunldn gindk ndhdti gfnmd`i hia`ifsfc

$fr`dsdrkdn $fr`dsdrkdn Ndghdr :.6 `dpdt `ici!dt hd!"d !dsic kan#frsi kan#frsi gindk ndhdti gfnm gfnmd` d`ii hia` hia`ifs ifsfc fc sfgdk sfgdkin in gfni gfninl nlkd kdtt sfirin sfirinl l hfrtd hfrtdgh ghd! d!n ndd "dkt "dktu u rfdks rfdksi. i. Kan#frsi dnl `i!dsickdn pd`d "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit d`dcd! sfhfsdr E1, pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi E6 gfnit gfnit sfhfsdr sfhfsdr :E1 sf`dnl sf`dnlkdn kdn pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi ; gfnit gfnit kan# kan#fr frsi si dnl dnl `i!d `i!dsi sick ckdn dn sfhfs sfhfsdr dr 31. 31. &fgd &fgdki kin n cdgd cdgd "dkt "dktu u rfdks rfdksii gdkd gdkd kfgunl kfgunlkin kindn dn kantdk kantdk dntdr dntdr Odt sfgdki sfgdkin n hfsdr hfsdr sf!inl sf!inlld ld dkdn dkdn gfnl!d gfnl!dsick sickdn dn kan#frsi dnl sfgdkin hfsdr )d!rind, ;;;*.

&.+.+ Hf!dt fni6 -iaif6fc -iaif6fc

Rd`d Rd`d pfroa pfroahdd hddn n ini ini d`d d`d hfhf hfhfrd rdpd pd umi umi si%dt si%dt %isik %isikdd `dri `dri hia` hia`if ifsfc sfc dnl dnl `ipfracf!, `ipfracf!, hfrupd hfrdt mfnis `dn #iskasitds. #iskasitds. Gdssd mfnis gfrupdkdn gfrupdkdn si%dt %isik  dnl hfrkditdn `fnldn nicdi kdcari `dn `dd dnl `i!dsickdn acf! gfsin `ifsfc pfr  sdtudn sdtudn #acugf #acugf hd!dn hd!dn hdkdr hdkdr.. Gdkin Gdkin rinldn rinldn hd!dn hd!dn hdkdr hdkdr sfgdkin sfgdkin rfn`d! rfn`d! pucd pucd gdssd mfnisnd `dn sfhdciknd gdkin hfrdt hd!dn hdkdr sfgdkin tinlli gdssd  mfnisnd. @dri !dsic pfnlumidn dnl tfcd! `icdkukdn, hfrdt mfnis hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf! pd`d "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit ;,?: lr(og :, pd`d "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit

ditu ;,? lr(og :, `dn pd`d "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit ditu ;,?: lr(og :. &fgdkin cdgd "dktu rfdksi gdkd sfgdkin hdndk odhdnl rdntdi kdrhan dnl `iputuskdn acf! gftdnac, sf!inlld hfrdt mfnisnd muld dkdn sfgdkin hfrkurdnl. 7dgun pd`d !dsic pfroahddn `i`dpdtkdn hfrdt mfnis dnl gfnurun pd`d "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit `dn gfninl gfninlkdt kdt pd`d pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi ; gfnit. gfnit. 9dsic 9dsic hfrdt hfrdt mfnis mfnis hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc dnl dnl `i`dpdtkdn ini muld ti`dk sfsudi `fnldn tfari dnl d`d ditu stdn`dr D&PG untuk  gdssd gdssd mfnis mfnis hia`ifs hia`ifsfc fc dntdrd dntdrd ;,?6; ;,?6; lr(og lr(og:  J ;,?0; lr(og : )pd`d su!u E; ;5*. Kfti`dkdkurdtdn ini tfrmd`i kdrfnd pfnlumidn hfrdt mfnis hia`ifsfc ti`dk `icdkukdn  pd`d su!u E; ;5. Rfnlumidn hfrdt mfnis hia`ifsfc pfroahddn `icdkukdn cdnlsunl kftikd sfcfsdi pfnlumidn kd`dr dir )gfnllundkdn su!u A8:; ;5*. &dcd! sdtu %dktar  dnl gfgpfnldru!i hfrdt mfnis ditu su!u. &fgdkin hfsdr su!u gdkd hfrdt mfnis dkdn sfgdkin sfgdkin hfrkurdnl, hfrkurdnl, hflitupun sfhdciknd. sfhdciknd. Kfgunlkind Kfgunlkindn n su!u hia`ifsfc hia`ifsfc !dsic pfroahddn hfrd`d `idtds E; ;5, acf! kdrfnd itu hfrdt mfnis hiaf`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt mdu! `ihd"d! stdn`dr D&PG. 7dgun mikd `ihdn`inlkdn `fnldn hfrdt  mfnis gindk umi )ditu sfhfsdr ;,?63 lr(og :*, hfrdt mfnis hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt  pd`d hfrhdldi #dridsi "dktu rfdksi cfhi! rfn`d!. 'ni hfrdrti tfrmd`i pfnurundn hfrdt  mfnis. Xfdksi gftdnacisis dkdn gfnfhdhkdn tfrputusnd rdntdi-rdntdi kdrhan gindk ndhdti acf! gftdnac sf!inlld `i!dsickdn hia`ifsfc `fnldn hfrdt mfnis dnl cfhi! rfn`d! `ihdn`inlkdn hfrdt mfnis gindk ndhdti.

&.+.& 0i6ka6itd6 -iaif6fc

Rrasfs pfgurnidn hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt `fnldn pfnouoidn gfnllundkdn dir !dnldt hfcug sfpfnu!nd gfnl!dsickdn hia`ifsfc dnl gurni. Lntuk gfnlumi kdn`un kdn`unldn ldn dnl dnl tfr`dpdt tfr`dpdt `i `dcdg `dcdg hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc tfrsfhu tfrsfhutt `dpdt `dpdt `icdku `icdkukdn kdn `fnldn `fnldn  pfnlumidn gfnllundkdn  lds ojragdtalrdpjy ojragdtalrdpjy ) *. * . Gfta Gfta`f `f cdin cdin dnl dnl cfhi cfhi! ! gu`d! `dn gurd! dnl `dpdt `ilundkdn ditu `fnldn gfghdn`inlkdn #iskasitds  hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf! `fnldn #iskasitds gindk ndhdti dnl `ilundkdn. +iskasitds gfrupdkdn td!dndn dnl `igiciki %cui`d dnl `idcirkdn `dcdg pipd kdpicfr kdpicfr tfr!d`dp tfr!d`dp ldd ldd lrd#it lrd#itdsi dsi dnl dnl hidsdn hidsdndd `indtdk `indtdkdn dn `dcdg `dcdg "dktu "dktu dnl dnl `ipfrcukdn untuk gfnldcir pd`d mdrdk tfrtfntu )Rri!dn`dnd, ;;*.

Gindk ndhdti gfgiciki #iskasitds( kfkfntdcdn dnl rfcdti% tinlli `ihdn`inl gindk dnl hfrdsdc `dri %rdksi gindk hugi, kdrfnd d`dnd pfrodhdnldn pd`d rdnt rdntdi di kdrh kdrhan ann ndd dnl dnl ofn` ofn`fru frunl nl pdnm pdnmdn dnl l )Pig )Pig Rfn Rfnus usun un,, ;8: ;8:*. *. Xfdk Xfdksi si gftdnacisis gftdnacisis dkdn gfnfhdhkdn gfnfhdhkdn tfrputusn tfrputusndd rdntdi-rdntdi rdntdi-rdntdi kdrhan kdrhan tfrsfhut tfrsfhut acf! gftdna gftdnacc sf!inl sf!inlld ld `i!dsic `i!dsickdn kdn hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc `fnldn `fnldn #iskas #iskasitd itdss dnl dnl cfhi! cfhi! rfn`d! rfn`d! `ihdn`inlkdn #iskasitds gindk ndhdti. $fr`dsdrkdn !dsic pfnlumidn, #iskasitds hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf! pd`d "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit ditu sfhfsdr ?,6? gg(s, pd`d "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit sfhfsdr 0,03 gg(s, gg(s, `dn pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi ; gfnit gfnit sfhfsdr sfhfsdr 8;,3 8;,3 gg(s. gg(s. 7icdi #iskasitd #iskasitdss  hia`ifsfc dnl `i!dsickdn ti`dk sfsudi `fnldn stdn`dr &PG ditu ,: J ,; gg(s.  7dgun mikd `ihdn`inlkdn `fnldn #iskasitds gindk umi )ditu sfhfsdr 8,6 gg(s*, #iskasitds hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt pd`d hfrhdldi #dridsi "dktu rfdksi mdu! cfhi! tinlli )ini hfrdrti tfrmd`i pfnurundn kfkfntdcdn, sf!inlld #iskasitds hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt cfhi! rfn`d! `dripd`d gindk umi*.

&.+./ Kdd! di! -iaif6fc

Pd!dp prasfs pfnlumidn kd`dr dir hia`ifsfc sdgd `fnldn pfnlumidn kd`dr dir  gindk ndhdti. $fr`dsdrkdn !dsic pfroahddn, kd`dr dir hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf!  pd`d "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit ditu sfhfsdr ;,1, pd`d "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit sfhfsdr ;,61 sf`dnlkdn pd`d "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit `i`dpdt sfhfsdr ;,E1. 9dsic dnl `i`dpdtkdn tfrsfhut ti`dk sfsudi `fnldn stdn`dr kd`dr dir hia`ifsfc D&PG ditu ditu

gdksig gdksigdc dc ;,;61. ;,;61. Kd`dr Kd`dr dir hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc dnl `i`dpd `i`dpdtt sdnldt sdnldt hfsdr hfsdr `dn

gfcfhi gfcfhi!i !i stdn`dr stdn`dr D&PG, D&PG, acf! acf! kdrfnd kdrfnd itucd! itucd! kan#fr kan#frsi si gindk gindk ndhdti ndhdti gfnmd`i gfnmd`i  hia`ifsfc pd`d hfrhdldi #dridsi "dktu rfdksi pd`d pfroahddn ini sdnldt kfoic. Kd`dr Kd`dr dir dnl dnl hfsdr hfsdr gfnfhd gfnfhdhkd hkdn n pfninl pfninlkdtd kdtdn n pfghfn pfghfntuk tukdn dn sdhun, sdhun, !dc ini `ihuktikdn `ihuktikdn `fnldn hdndknd hdndknd pfnlucdnldn pfnlucdnldn prasfs prasfs pfnouoidn pfnouoidn dtdu pfgurnidn pfgurnidn  hia`ifsfc dnl `i`dpdt.

&.+.' 2:i n*dcd ( ecdsj  ecdsj paint ) -iaif6fc

cds! cds! paint paint )titik )titik ndcd ndcd dtdu dtdu titik titik kicdt* kicdt* d`dcd! d`dcd! titik titik su!u su!u tfrfn`d tfrfn`d! ! dnl dnl gfnfhdhkdn hd!dn hdkdr `dpdt gfndcd. Rfnfntudn titik ndcd ini hfrkditdn `fnldn `fnldn kfdgdnd kfdgdndn n `dcdg `dcdg pfnigp pfnigpdnd dndn n `dn pfndnl pfndnldnd dndn n hd!dn hd!dn hdkdr hdkdr.. Rd`d Rd`d stdn stdn`d `drt rt D&PG hia` ia`ifsf ifsfcc nicd nicdii  ecdsj paint  gini ginigd gdcc 8;; 8;;a5 kdrf kdrfnd nd untu untuk  k  gfnlfcigindsi kantdgindsi gftdnac dkihdt prasfs kan#frsi gindk ndhdti dnl ti`dk sfgpurnd )Rri!dn`dnd, ;;=3*.

8dg-d! &. Lmi ndcd hia`ifsfc )4ughfr8 rsip prihd`i *

Pitik ndcd hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf! pd`d "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit ditu pd`d su!u su!u 866a5, pd`d pd`d "dkt "dktu u rfdks rfdksii E6 gfni gfnitt `dpd `dpdtt gfn gfndcd dcd pd`d pd`d su!u su!u 8E6 8E6 a5, sf`dnlkdn pd`d "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf! `dpdt gfndcd  pd`d su!u 8E; a5. $fr`dsdrkdn !dsic pfroahddn, sfgdkin cdgd "dktu rfdksi, gdkd sfgdkin rfn`d! su!u ndcdnd. &fgdkin cdgd "dktu rfdksi gdkd sfgdkin hdndk  rdntdi kdrhan dnl tfrputus acf! gftdnac, sf!inlld hia`ifsfc dnl `i!dsickdn cfhi! rinldn `dn titik ndcdnd sfgdkin rfn`d! )cfhi! ofpdt `dn gu`d! tfrhdkdr*.

HDH I0 KF_IGR2CDN @DN _DXDN

/.#. Kf6igpucdn

8. &fgdki &fgdkin n cdgd cdgd "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi gdkd gdkd kan#fr kan#frsi si hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc dnl `i`dpd `i`dpdtt sfgdkin sfgdkin  hfsdr. Kan#frsi dnl `i!dsickdn pd`d "dktu rfdksi :;, E6 `dn ; gfnit sfodrd hfrturut-turut `i`dpdt sfhfsdr E1, :E1 `dn 31. . $frdt mfnis mfnis hia`ifsfc hia`ifsfc dnl dnl `ipfracf! `ipfracf! pd`d pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi :;, E6 `dn `dn ; gfnit gfnit sfodrd sfodrd hfrtur hfrturutut-tur turut ut ditu ditu sfhfsdr sfhfsdr ;,?: ;,?: lr(og lr(og:M ;,? ,? lr(og r(og: `dn ;,?: ;,?: lr(og:. :. +iskasit +iskasitds ds hia`ifsfc hia`ifsfc dnl dnl `ipfracf! `ipfracf! pd`d pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi :;, E6 `dn `dn ; gfnit gfnit sfodrd hfrturut-turut ditu sfhfsdr ?,6? gg(sM 0,03 gg(s `dn 8;,3 gg(s. E. Kd`dr Kd`dr dir hia`ifs hia`ifsfc fc dnl `ipfr `ipfracf acf! ! pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi :;, E6 `dn ; gfnit gfnit sfodrd hfrturut-turut ditu sfhfsdr ;,1M ;,61 `dn ;,E1. 6. Pitik Pitik ndcd ndcd hia`ifsfc hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf `ipfracf! ! pd`d "dktu "dktu rfdksi rfdksi :;, E6 `dn ; ; gfnit sfodrd hfrturut-turut hfrd`d pd`d su!u 866 ;5, 8E6 ;5 `dn 8E; ;5. /.+. _d!dn

  Cdhu dcds hucdt dnl tfrsf`id !dnd sdtu hud!, sfgfntdrd pfroahddn ini `icdku `icdkukdn kdn sfhdndk sfhdndk : run. run. &fhdiknd `icdkukdn pfndghd!dn mugcd! cdhu dcds  hucdt dnl `ipdkdi lund gfnl!fgdt gfnl!fgdt "dktu pfroahddn.

@D?PDX R2_PDKD

D&PG. ;;. Dnnudc $aak a% D&PG &tdn`dr &fotian i#f Rftracfug Rra`uots, Cuhriodtian, dn` %assic %ufcs.D&PG, Dgfriod. $ia`if $ia`ifsfc sfc Pfo!na fo!nacal cal , D pdtfnt pdtfntf` f` hia`if hia`ifsfc sfc tfo!nac tfo!nacal al,, @f#fca @f#fcapf` pf` dt t!f Lni#frsit a% Paranta. Kftdrfn Kftdrfn,, &. 80?. 80?.  Rfnldntdr -fknacali -fknacali 6inydk `dn 5fgdk Rdnldn. L' Rrfss.
CDGRIXDN D RFX
D.#. 2:i Kdd! D6dg Cfgdk Hf-d6 (DCH) Gin*dk Nd-dti

-

+acugf K9 dnl `ilundkdn )+* 7argdcitds cdrutdn K9 )7* $frdt sdgpfc gindk umi )H* 86,5  x N x U   DCH 7 x 422 \ 

±

86,5 x 2,94< N x 8,4 gc 42 lr

 ,8 gc  ;,;083 7  8; lr  

x 422  ;,E0 1

D.+. Kan"f!6i (>)

Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit* :; E6 ;

kanvfrsi 7

+acugf gindk ndhdti )gc* 6; 6; 6;

+acugf hia`ifsfc )gc* 8 83 :?

Kan#frsi )1* E :E 3

vacugf vacugf hia`ifsf hia`ifsfcc ydnl`ijdsickdn ydnl`ijdsickdn  x 422 vacugf vacugf ginydk ginydk ndhdti ndhdti ydnl `ilundkd `ilundkdn n

•

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi :; gfnit 48 gc kanvfrsi 7  x 422 7 80 62 gc

•

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi E6 gfnit 4< gc kanvfrsi 7  x 422 7 ?0 62 gc

•

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi ; gfnit ?: gc kanvfrsi 7  x 422 7 <5 62 gc

D.&. Hf!dt fni6

&dgpfc

Hdktu

+acugf

$frdt

$frdt

$frdt

rfdksi )gfnit*

 pionagftfr  )gc*

 pionagftfr  kasanl )lrdg*

 pionagftfr 3  hia`ifsfc )lrdg*

 mfnis )lr(gc*

-

6

88,3

8,;E:

;,?63

:; E6 ;

6 6 6

88,3 88,30 88,3?

86,0 86,?0 86,0:

;,?: ;,? ;,?:

Gindk  Lmi $ia`ifsfc

hfrdt mfnis 7 •

6 gc

7 2,:6< lr / gc

( 46,98 ∘44,<5 ) lrdg 6 gc

7 2,:?8 lr / gc

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi E6 gfnit

hfrdt mfnis 7

•

( 45,20? ∘44,<5 ) lrdg

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi :; gfnit

hfrdt mfnis 7

•

vacugf pionagftfr

Gindk umi

hfrdt mfnis 7

•

Hfrdt piona piona kasanl kasanl ) ( Hfrdt piona + hia`ifsfc )∘( Hfrdt

( 46,:9∘44,<9 ) lrdg 6 gc

7 2,:8 lr / gc

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi ; gfnit hfrdt mfnis 7

( 46,9? ∘44,<:) lrdg 6 gc

7 2,:? lr / gc

D./. 0i6ka6itd6

&dgpfc Gindk  umi $ia`ifsfc

•

Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit*


 ecu7 tigf )sfkan*

+iskasitds )gg(s*

-

:;

E

8,6

:; E6 ;

:; :; :;

:,68 :,;8 ,?;

?,6? 0,03 8;,3

Gindk Lmi

viskasitds 7

 mdrdk  ?2 gg 7 74,86 gg / `ft  wdktu 80 `ftik 

•

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi :; gfnit  mdrdk  ?2 gg viskasitds7 7 7:,6: gg / `ft  wdktu ?,64 `ftik 

•

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi E6 gfnit  mdrdk  ?2 gg 7 79,9< gg / `ft  viskasitds 7 wdktu ?,24 `ftik 

•

Hdktu Hd ktu rfdksi ; gfnit  mdrdk  ?2 gg 7 742,< gg / `ft  viskasitds 7 wdktu 8,:2 `ftik 

D.'. 2:i kdd! di!

&dgpfc

Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit*

$frdt "d`d!   hia`ifsfc sfhfcug `i a#fn )lrdg*

$frdt "d`d!   hia`ifsfc sftfcd! `i a#fn )lrdg*

Kd`dr  dir  )1*

-

3;,:6

3;,:E

;,;8E

:; E6 ;

::,E 33,; 8:3,6?

::, 3,3 8:3,;;

; , ; ,6 ;,E

Gindk  Lmi $ia`ifsfc

kd`dr kd`dr dir 7

•

hfrdt hfrdt dwdc∘ hfrdt hfrdt dkjir dkjir x 422 hfrdt hfrdt dkjir

Gindk umi kd`dr kd`dr dir7

•

( <2,?6∘<2,?0 ) lr <2,?0 lr

"dktu rfdksi

kd`dr kd`dr dir 7

•

( ??,08∘??,88 ) lr ??,88 lr

x 422 72,5

"dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit

kd`dr kd`dr dir 7

•

x 422 7 2,240

( <<,25 ∘<5,5< ) lr <5,5< lr

x 422 7 2,6

"dktu rfdksi ; gfnit

kd`dr kd`dr dir 7

( 4?<,6: ∘4?<,22 ) lr 4?<,22 lr

x 422 72,08

D.. 2:i N*dcd Hiaif6fc • • •

Lntuk "dktu rfdksi :; gfnit, hia`ifsfc gfndcd pd`d su!u 866 a5 Lntuk "dktu rfdksi E6 gfnit, hia`ifsfc gfndcd pd`d su!u 8E6 a5 Lntuk "dktu rfdksi ; gfnit, hia`ifsfc gfndcd pd`d su!u 8E; a5

CDGRIXDN H CDRAXDN _FGFNPDXD


= Gftdnacisis Gindk 7dhdti

9dri 9dri(P (Pddnlldc lldc Rrdk rdktik tikug

= &fn &fnin in(8 (88 8 7a# 7a#fg fgh hfr ;8: ;8:

Rfghighinl

= @rd. Yfcgi`d, G.&i

Dsistfn Cdhardtariug

= G. Dsrd%. 9

 7dgd Kfcagpak ''

= Xitd Ruridni Gfn`ra#d )88;3;:6;0* )88;3;:6;0* Xdn Pita )88;3;88?* Ydkuh Ydkuh
9dsic Rfroahddn

=

2:i Kdd! D6dg Cfgdk Hf-d6 (DCH) Gin*dk Nd-dti

-

+acugf K9 dnl `ilundkdn )+* 7argdcitds cdrutdn K9 )7* $frdt sdgpfc gindk umi )H* 86,5  x N x U   DCH 7 x 422 \ 

±

86,5 x 2,94< N x 8,4 gc 42 lr

 ,8 gc  ;,;083 7  8; lr  

x 422  ;,E0 1

Pd-fc H.# @dtd !dsic kan#frsi hia`ifsfc dnl `ipfracf! pd`d hfrhdldi #dridsi

"dktu rfdksi ):;, E6 `dn ; gfnit* Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit* :; E6 ;

+acugf gindk ndhdti )gc* 6; 6; 6;

+acugf hia`ifsfc )gc* 8 83 :?

Kan#frsi )1* E :E 3

Pd-fc H.+ @dtd !dsic pfr!itunldn hfrdt mfnis hia`ifsfc pd`d hfrhdldi #dridsi "dktu

rfdksi ):;, E6 `dn ; gfnit* &dgpfc

Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit*

+acugf  pionagftfr  )gc*

$frdt  pionagftfr  kasanl

$frdt  pionagftfr 3  hia`ifsfc

$frdt  mfnis )lr(gc*

Gindk  umi $ia`ifsfc

)lrdg*

)lrdg*

-

6

88,3

8,;E:

;,?63

:; E6 ;

6 6 6

88,3 88,30 88,3?

86,0 86,?0 86,0:

;,?: ;,? ;,?:

Pd-fc H.& @dtd !dsic pfr!itunldn #iskasitds gindk umi `dn hia`ifsfc pd`d

 hfrhdldi #dridsi "dktu rfdksi ):;, E6 `dn ; gfnit*

&dgpfc Gindk  umi $ia`ifsfc

Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit*


 ecu7 tigf )sfkan*

+iskasitds )gg(s*

-

:;

E

8,6

:; E6 ;

:; :; :;

:,68 :,;8 ,?;

?,6? 0,03 8;,3

Pd-fc Pd-fc H./ H ./ @dtd !dsic pfr!itunldn kd`dr dir gindk umi `dn hia`ifsfc pd`d hfrhdldi

#dridsi "dktu rfdksi ):;, E6 `dn ; gfnit*

&dgpfc Gindk  umi $ia`ifsfc

Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit*

$frdt "d`d!   hia`ifsfc sfhfcug `i a#fn )lrdg*

$frdt "d`d!   hia`ifsfc sftfcd! `i a#fn )lrdg*

Kd`dr  dir  )1*

-

3;,:6

3;,:E

;,;8E

:; E6 ;

::,E 33,; 8:3,6?

::, 3,3 8:3,;;

;, ;,6 ;,E

Pd-fc Pd-fc H.' H .' @dtd !dsic pfnfntudn titik ndcd ) ecdsj paint * hia`ifsfc pd`d hfrhdldi

#dridsi "dktu rfdksi ):;, E6 `dn ; gfnit* Hdktu rfdksi )gfnit* :; E6 ;

 >cdsj paint  );5* 866 8E6 8E;

Rfkdnhdru, 8E 7a#fghfr ;8: Pfknisi Pfknisi Cdhardtariug,

Dsistfn Cdhardtariug,

Nustind, &.R`

G. Dsrd%. 9