Laruks `goaobk ku laoaiklkou gorugu{ugnor `goaobgískr
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Aooçk {ogpksrguagsk 8 3669.366=
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Gousne{bugno Ekv{gr {ok eçbkoogk$ dkr caoq{kr `nou vsk{pk e‗{o gouçsèu ek vd{r ko vd{r lasq{ç æ d‗çiase e{ lasbmç ekr vasugb{dgksr/ Avsír r‗èusk `nbadgrçkr r{s dkr kouskv kouskvsgr sgrkr kr ku dk{sr dk{sr ukbmog ukbmogq{k q{kr r ek `goaob `goaobklk klkou$ ou$ q{g bnorug bnorugu{a u{agu gu da csaobmk oncdk ek dk{s lçugks$ dkr caoq{kr nou bnlvsgr q{k dk vasugb{dgks kru {o lasbmç vd{r h{uk{} q{k d‗kouskvsgrk/ Ko k``ku$ bkuuk bgcdk kru lngor skiaseaouk r{s da `abu{saugno ku bnousgc{k a{ eçpkdnvvkou ekr rkspgbkr içoçsauk{sr ek bnllgrrgnor ku n``sk agorg a{} caoq{kr ekr vnrrgcgdguçr ek eçpkdnvvklkou r{s ekr carkr skouacdkr ku e{sacdkr eaor ekr bnoegugnor ek sgrq{kr vas`aguklkou laïusgracdkr/ Ko k``k k``ku$ u$ bkuu bkuuk k bdgk bdgkou ouíd ídk$ k$ h{rq h{rq{‗ {‗æ æ {ok {ok eauk auk sçbk sçbkou ouk$ k$ çuag çuaguu usag usaguç uçk k {og`nslçlko {og`nslçlkouu ku dkr ukbmogq{k ukbmogq{kr r ekrugoçkr ekrugoçkr æ rno `goaobklkou `goaobklkou çuagkou çuagkou vk{ eçpkdnvvçkr/ Da vsgrk ek bnorbgkobk vas dkr caoq{kr ek d‗abbsngrrklkou ekr k}gikobkr ek bk lasbmç agorg q{k ek ra bnlvdk}guç : lagr a{rrg ek rno glvnsuaouk bnousgc{ugno eaor rkr sçr{duaur -bnllgrrgnor$ gouçsèur r{s bsçegur bsçegur æ da bnornllau bnornllaugno$ gno$ gllncgdgks†' gllncgdgks†' r‗kru usae{guk ko vsaugq{k vsaugq{k ko {o a}k rusauçigq{k rusauçigq{k vn{s da caoq{k caoq{k q{g r‗kru p{k eaor da oçbkrrguç oçbkrrguç ek lkuusk ko vdabk {o bauadni{k ek vsne{gur ku rkspgbkr çdacnsçr ku ek vd{r ko vd{r onlcsk{} : ko {ugdgraou {o lasjkugoi vngou{ ku ko bnoruaouk çpnd{ugno/ Ekpaou Ekpaou `agsk `agsk `abk `abk æ ekr bnousa bnousagou goukr kr sçidkl sçidklkou kouags agskr kr ku vs{eko vs{ekougk ugkddk ddkr$ r$ ku bnlvuk uko{ ek da sçe{bugno ek dk{s lasik lasik e‗goukslçegaugno$ dkr caoq{kr ok lçoaikou vd{r a{b{o k``nsu vn{s eçpkdnvvks bk rkilkou/ Ko avvask avvaskobk obk rglvdk rglvdk ukbmog ukbmogq{k q{klko lkouu ku bnllks bnllksbgad bgadklk klkou$ ou$ dk lasbmç lasbmç caobagsk ekr vasugb{dgksr a ncrkspç d‗abbsngrrklkou ekr k}gikobkr ek bkuuk bdgkouídk agorg q{k ek da bnob{sskobk q{g$ vsniskrrgpklkou$ a `agu `agsk vskoesk bnorbgkobk a{} çuacdgrrklkour ek bsçegur ekr kohk{} ku ek da bnlvdk}guç ek bk lasbmç/ Da oçbkrrguç ek da lgrk ko vdabk e‗{ok on{pkddk vndgugq{k ek egrusgc{ugno a}çk r{s da rvçbgadgraugno e{ sçrka{ ku r{s d‗a{ilkouaugno e{ egrvnrgug` bnllks bnllksbga bgadd ekr aikobk aikobkr$ r$ agorg agorg q{k e‗{ok e‗{ok vndgug vndgugq{k q{k ek bnll{o bnll{ogba gbaugn ugno o ekrugoçk pksr dk vasugb{dgks a `agu çlksiks dkr çdçlkour e{ lasjkugoi lg} caobagsk pksr ek on{pkddkr çpnd{ugnor/ A{rrg$ dk usaguklkou ekr ckrngor ku ekr ekr auuk auukou oukr kr ek da bdgk bdgkou ouíd ídk k vasu vasugb gb{d {dgk gkss a enoo enooç ç dgk{ dgk{ æ ek on{p on{pkd kddk dkr r ukbmogq{kr ek rkilkouaugno ku ek ikrugno ek da skdaugno bdgkouídk/
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Vasugk Vasu gk 1 8 Avksé{ Avksé{ r{s dk lasjku lasjkugoi goi lg} 8 Mgru Mg rung ngsk sk 8 Dk lasjkugoi$ ko uaou q{)aeavuaugno ek da vsne{bugno ku ek da egrusgc{ugno ekr cgkor ko vskoaou ko bnlvuk bnlvuk dkr dkr `abuk `abuk{sr {sr vrwbmn vrwbmndn dnigq igq{kr {kr q{g k}vdg k}vdgq{k q{kou ou rngu rngu d)abm d)abmau au e){o e){o vsne{g vsne{gu$u$ rngu rngu ra vskrb vskrbsgv sgvug ugno$ no$ rngu rngu rno skhku skhku$$ oaïu oaïu ko sçabug sçabugno no æ da vkorçk vkorçk çbnon çbnonlg lgq{k q{k bdarr bdarrgq{ gq{kk q{g q{g$$ a{ k ]G] rgíbdk$ rgíbdk $ çuagu gobavacdk ek sçrn{esk dkr vsncdílkr vsnpnq{çr vas da savgek bsngrraobk ek d)çbnonlgk d)çbnonlgk onuallkou ko Addklaiok ku a{} Çuaur,[ogr/ Çuaur,[ogr / Dkr vsklgksr bnobkvur avvasagrrkou a{ ]PGGk rgíbdk ku ]PGGGk rgíbdk ko @saobk ku a{ Snwa{lk, [og$ [og$ lagr da pçsguacdk oagrraobk kru avsír da bsgrk ek 1737 onuallkou a{} Çuaur,[ogr/ Da eçlasbmk e{ lasjkugoi a ko k``ku bnllkobç vas da skbmksbmk e){ok rbgkobk ek da egrusgc{ugno ko p{k e)nvuglgrks dkr pkoukr$ e)acnse eaor dk rkbuk{s ek d)çbnonlgk aisgbndk a{ eçc{u e{ ]] k rgíbdk$ v{gr eaor d)çbnonlgk vd{r içoçsadk a{ bn{sr ek da vçsgnek ek da bsgrk ek 1737 -Bnbmnw$ 1777$ v/ 12;'/ B)kru eaor da `n{dçk e{ Oky Ekad q{k oaq{gu d)Alksgbao lasjkugoi lasjkugoi arrnbgaugno arrnbgaugno ku dk Hn{soad Hn{soad n` lasjkug lasjkugoi oi / D)abugpguç v{cdgbguagsk apagu bnoo{ {o eçpkdnvvklkou eçpkdnvvklkou vd{r vsçbnbk/ Dkr isaoer goe{rusgkdr goe{rusgkdr nou$ eír dk eçc{u e{ rgíbdk$ bnoé{ dk vsnhku ek `apnsgrks da lkouadguç bnor{lçsgruk bnsskrvnoeaou a{ egrvnrgug` goe{rusgkd ek larrk vk{ aeavuç æ ekr ckrngor vd{r goegpge{adgrçr -Kyko$ 17=2$ v/ 09'/ Lagr da saugnoadgraugno e){ok ukddk eçlasbmk o)ko çuagu q{)æ rkr eçc{ur ku gd d{g laoq{agu d)gouçisaugno a{ vsnbkrr{r içoçsad e{ lasbmç q{k d{g avvnsuksa dk lasjkugoi/ Eaor dk lèlk uklvr$ e)a{uskr egrbgvdgokr bmksbmagkou æ koiaiks radasgçr ku vausnor eaor {o lèlk k``nsu ek vsne{bugpguç lagr a{rrg e)aeavuaugno a{} eçcn{bmçr/ -Cksoase @dnsgr , Bnll{ogbaugno ku ikrugno rwlcndgq{k eaor dk lasjkugoi , apsgd 3661' Adeksrno `nsladgrk ko 17;9 dk lasjkugoi/ E{saou dkr uskouk eksogískr aooçkr$ ek onlcsk{rkr a{uskr çbndkr ek vkorçk ek lasjkugoi rk rnou egrugoi{çkr ek bkuuk avvsnbmk$ onuallkou d)çbndk e{ bnor{lks skrkasbm -skvsçrkouçk vas Lnssgr C/ Mndcsnnj $ onuallkou'$ d)çbndk vnrulneksok -Rukvmko Csnyo'$ n{ kobnsk d)çbndk ek da lneçdgraugno -EkRascn'$ pngsk ek d)çbmaoik -ZSgbmase Cainxxg\'/ Sçbkllkou kru avvas{ dk bn{saou aduksoaug` ek da Umçnsgk B{du{skddk e{ Bnornllauk{s -Bnor{lks B{du{sk Umknsw'/ Bk bn{saou$ usír abug` ekv{gr 366; eaor d)go`d{kou Hn{soad n` Bnor{lks Skrkasbm$ pgrk ª æ gopkrugi{ks dkr eglkorgnor eglkorgnor k}vçsgkougkddkr$ rnbgadkr ku b{du{skddkr ek da bnornllaugno eaor rno bnouk}uk º -Ason{de$ Umnlvrno$ 366;'/ Da eçlasbmk o)kru var vnr vnrgu gugp gpgr gruk uk lagr lagr gouk gouksv svsç sçua uaug ugpg pgru ruk/ k/ D‗av D‗avvs vsnb nbmk mk vnrg vnrgug ugpg pgru rukk pgrk pgrk æ çuac çuacdg dgss v{gr v{gr padg padgek eks s klvgsgq{klkou klvgsgq{klkou ekr dngr {ogpksrkddkr dkr vd{r nchkbugpkr vnrrgcdkr/ D‗avvsnbmk gouksvsçuaugpgruk dagrrk vdabk æ d‗k}vçsgkobk ek d)goegpge{/ Bmaq{k isn{vk b{du{skd eç`gogu vn{s rkr skdaugnor ekr rkor ku ekr rwlcndgq{kr eg``çskour q{)gd bnopgkou e)gouksvsçuks/ No usn{pk da rn{sbk ku dkr 2
lçumnekr e)gopkrugiaugnor ek bkuuk eçlasbmk bmkx dkr rnbgndni{kr Hkao Ca{esgddase ku Vgkssk Cn{segk{/ Cn{segk{ / Dk lasj lasjku kugo goii engu engu rk `noe `noeks ks r{s r{s {ok {ok arrg arrgrk rk b{du b{du{s {skd kddk dk ku apng apngss vn{s vn{s pgrç pgrçkk d‗çuacdgrrklkou d‗çuacdgrrklkou ek dgkor rnbga{}$ ku var rk{dklkou d)aoadwrk ek d)çbnonlgk d)çbnonlgk dgcçsadk nbbgekouadk nbbgekouadk r‗asugb{daou r{s da sagrno lauçsgadgruk/ Dngo ek da basgbau{sk içoçsadklkou abbkvuçk vas dk isaoe v{cdgb$ dk lasjkugoi skvsçrkouk {o ln{pklkou goukddkbu{kd sgbmk ko bnousnpksrkr ku ko çbndkr ek vkorçkr q{g bnougo{kou æ rk eçpkdnvvks/ G/
Eç`g Eç`gog ogug ugno no 8
Dk lasjkugoi -avvkdç a{rrg vas dk oçndnigrlk lksbaugq{k' kru {ok egrbgvdgok q{g bmksbmk æ eçukslgoks dkr n``skr ek cgkor ku rkspgbkr ko `nobugno ekr auugu{ekr ekr bnornllauk{sr ku æ `apnsgrks dk{s bnllksbgadgraugno/ Gd bnlvnsuk {o korklcdk ek lçumnekr ku ek lnwkor enou egrvnrk {ok nsiaograugno vn{s r)aeavuks a{} v{cdgbr a{}q{kdr kddk r)gouçskrrk$ ku vn{s {ugdgrks$ r{rbguks$ ekr bnlvnsuklkour `apnsacdkr æ da sçadgraugno ek rkr vsnvskr nchkbug`r/ Dk lasjkugoi vk{u èusk bnorgeçsç bnllk dk vsklgks lagddno e){ok nsiaograugno q{g acn{ugu æ da vsne{bugno ek d)kouskvsgrk v{gr æ {ok pkouk k``gbabk -enou dkr rkspgbkr arrnbgçr' a{vsír ek bdgkour skouacdkr/ Ko k``ku$ b)kru dk bdgkou q{g ekpsagu vn{pngs eçukslgoks dk vd{r rn{pkou d)abugpguç : dkr avvnsuk{sr ek bavgua{} ok egrvnraou e)n{ugdr e)çpad{augno q{)avsír sçr{duau ekr pkoukr/ Agorg kru,gd `noealkouad `noealkouad vn{s dk laoaiklkou ek eçukslgoks a{ vd{r uõu r)gd kru {ugdk ek pkoesk {ok n``sk vas dkr çu{ekr ek lasbmç$ lasbmç $ lagr a{rrg vn{s da vçskooguç ek d)kouskvsgrk e){ugdg e){ugdgrks rks da bnlvuacgdguç bnlvuacgdguç aoadwugq{k aoadwugq{k// D)k``gbgkobk -dkr çbnonlgkr çbnonlgkr e)çbmkddk' e)çbmkddk' kru ko k``ku gogugadklkou ek da skrvnoracgdguç e{ lasjkugoi/ A{usklkou egu$ bk rkspgbk engu aeavuks dkr n``skr ek ukddk rnsuk q{k da lasik içoçsçk bn{psk a{ lngor dkr `sagr `g}kr ek d)kouskvsgrk vas dk unuad ekr pkoukr/ Gd kru vnrrgcdk ku vsç`çsacdk e)kruglks dk ogpka{ ek eçvarrklkou e){o bnúu bgcdk dgç a{} `nobugnor auukoe{kr vas dk bdgkou vas savvnsu a{} bnúur `g}kr -b)kru {ok rnsuk ek rk{gd ek skouacgdguç alçdgnsç'/ Bkr `nobugnor auukoe{kr vas dk bdgkou oçbkrrgukou {ok q{adguç ek rkspgbk oçinbgçk apkb da dnigrugq{k$ dnigrugq{k $ da ikrugno ekr skrrn{sbkr m{lagokr n{ dk laoaiklkou e{ rwruílk e)go`nslaugno/ e)go`nslaugno / Bkr badb{dr rnou ek d)nsesk ek da bnlvuacgdguç aoadwugq{k q{g kru enob {o n{ugd `noealkouad e{ lasjkugoi ku lngor ek bkddk ek da `goaobk e)kouskvsgrk -q{g çpad{k da skouacgdguç bas ono bnobksoçk vas dk bnúu ek d)n``sk' n{ ek da ikrugno ek da q{adguç -q{g vsç`ísk çpad{ks dkr rwoksigkr'/ rwoksigkr '/ Vn{s sçadgrks bku nchkbug` ek da rusauçigk lasjkugoi$ lasjkugoi $ dk lasjkugoi pa bmksbmks æ hn{ks goçiadklkou r{s un{ukr dkr bnlvnraoukr ek d)n``sk - lasjkugoi,lg}'/ lasjkugoi,lg}'/ Vn{s addks vd{r dngo$ dk lasjkugoi pa r)aeavuks a{rrg æ ek onlcsk{rkr rgu{augnor e)n÷ d)çlksikobk ek lasjkugoi rvçbg`gq{kr/
Dk lasjkugoi vkslku ek pkoesk dkr vsne{gur$ bk q{g rgiog`gk gbg e)arr{sks dkr çbnonlgkr e)çbmkddk// e)çbmkddk
Dk lasjkugo lasj kugoi i nvçsaugno nvçs augnookd okd 8 5
Dk lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd kru da bnobsçugraugno r{s dk ukssago ekr eçbgrgnor e)nsgkouaugno e)nsgkouaugno vsgrkr a{ ogpka{ e{ lasjkugoi rusauçigq{k -lèlk rg un{ukr dkr eçbgrgnor ok rnou var vsaugq{klkou un{hn{sr vsgrkr æ bk ogpka{'/ B)kru {ok vndgugq{k ek bn{su ukslk$ q{g engu èusk bnoruallkou aeavuçk a{} pasgaugnor ek da rgu{augno e{ lasbmç/ Dk lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd kru dk ruaek goukslçegagsk kousk d)abugno ek ukssago$ q{g engu r)aeavuks ko vkslaokobk$ ku da rusauçigk lasjkugoi$ q{g bnobksok dkr nsgkouaugnor içoçsadkr$ gd bnoe{gu æ d)çuacdgrrklkou e){o vdao e)abugno$ e)abugno$ avvkdç vdao avvkdç vdao lasjkugoi$ lasjkugoi $ vn{s {ok vçsgnek enooçk -{o ao vas k}klvdk'/ Bk vdao engu èusk èusk bnmç bnmçsk skou ou apkb apkb dkr dkr vdao vdaorr bnob bnobks ksoa oaou ou dkr dkr a{us a{uskr kr enla enlago gokr kr e)ab e)abug ugno norr ek d) kouskvsgrk -skbmksbmk,eçpkdnvvklkou$ skbmksbmk,eçpkdnvvklkou$ vsne{bugno$ `goaobk$ `goaobk $ skrrn{sbkr m{lagokr$ m{lagokr $ rwruílk go`nslaugq{k go`nslaugq{k$$ kub/' ku da vndgugq{k da vndgugq{k içoçsadk ek d)kouskvsgrk/ d)kouskvsgrk /
Kuavkr e{ lasjkugoi lg} 8 1,Dkr eçlasbmkr vsçadacdkr
Dkr eçlasbmkr vsçadacdkr æ da eç`gogugno e{ lasjkugoi lg} -da rusauçigk lasjkugoi' lasjkugoi ' rnou dk egaionrugb gouksok$ k}uksok ek d)kouskvsgrk q{g acn{ugu æ da eç`gogugno e)nchkbug`r ko ukslk ek rkilkouaugno e{ lasbmç q{g vkslkuusa æ d)kouskvsgrk e)kopgraiks bksuagokr rn{sbkr ek pnd{lk ek pkouk ku e){o vnrgugnooklkou a{ rkgo ek da rkilkouaugno q{g on{ssgu d) glaik ek lasq{k ek d)kouskvsgrk/ Dkr çu{ekr ek lasbmç
Dkr çu{ekr ek lasbmç vkslkuukou ek skb{kgddgs ekr go`nslaugnor go`nslaugnor vkslkuuaou ek lgk{} bnooaïusk da bgcdk bnopnguçk bnopnguçk ku d)kopgsnooklkou d)kopgsnooklkou -h{sgegq{k$ vndgugq{k$ rnbgad$ sçidklkouagsk$ çbnonlgq{k$ b{du{skd///' ek bkuuk bgcdk/ Bkbg vkslkuusa e)aeavuks dkr lçumnekr ek lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd ku rusauçigq{k ko bnorçq{kobk/ Gd k}gruk vd{rgk{sr ukbmogq{kr vkslkuuaou da sçadgraugno e)çu{ekr lasjkugoi$ bkvkoeaou un{ukr skvnrkou r{s da lèlk eçlasbmk 8 aoadwrk ek da vsncdçlaugq{k$ vsncdçlaugq{k$ aoadwrk ek da bgcdk$ çdacnsaugno çdacnsaugno e{ bamgks ekr bmasikr$ lgrk ko vdabk ek d)abugno$ skb{kgd ekr go`nslaugnor$ usaguklkou ekr go`nslaugnor$ aoadwrk ekr go`nslaugnor$ vsçbnograugnor/ Dkr ukbmogq{kr e{ lasjkugoi rk `noekou r{s d)çu{ek e{ bnlvnsuklkou e{ bnornllauk{s/ Ekr n{ugdr vd{sgegrbgvdgoagskr rk bnlvdíukou a`go ek `nslks {ok cark rndgek$ klvgsgq{klkou `gacdk/ Da vrwbmndnigk$ da rnbgndnigk ku da lgbsnçbnonlgk `nslkou {o usgaoidk ko gouksskdaugno/ Da padgeguç umçnsgq{k ekr bnobkvur {ugdgrçr glvnsuk lngor q{k da padgeguç ek dk{s vsçegbugno r{s dk ukssago/ Da vrwbmndnigk e{ lasjkugoi kru l{dug`nslk/ Dkr v{cdgbaugnor dkr vd{r vskrugigk{rkr ek bk enlagok -dk Hn{soad n` Bnor{lks Skrkasbm onuallko onuallkou' u' rk eç`gogrr eç`gogrrkou kou ko içoçsad içoçsad bnllk bnllk ekr v{cdgbau v{cdgbaugnor gnor gouksegr gouksegrbgvd bgvdgoag goagskr$ skr$ ku dkr asugbdkr q{)no w usn{pk rkspkou rn{pkou ek cark æ e)a{uskr skbmksbmkr ek rbgkobkr rnbgadkr v{skr/ Gd rklcdk q{)abu{kddklkou d){o ekr r{hkur dkr vd{r æ da vngouk rngu d)çu{ek ek vmçonlíokr gobnorbgkour gobnorbgkour lneg`gaou d)m{lk{s d) m{lk{s ku dkr çlnugnor/ Dkr `abuk{sr q{g sçi{dkou da `nslaugno e){ok goukougno bmkx dk bnornllauk{s rnou dk r{hku ek onlcsk{rkr çu{ekr/
;
Raor n{cdgks dk `agu q{)apkb d)assgpçk e)gouksoku no usapagddk egskbuklkou egskbuklkou r{s da vnv{daugno unuadk ku lngor r{s ekr vaokdr/ Un{uk`ngr$ d)kssk{s e)çbmaougddnooaik engu èusk çusnguklkou r{spkgddçk$ ko k``ku$ da vnv{daugno aekvuk e)gouksoku o)kru var skvsçrkouaugpk eaor ek onlcsk{rkr çu{ekr/ Da rusauçigk lasjkugoi
Dk lasjkugoi engu r)gorvgsks ek un{u dk bwbdk ek pgk e){o vsne{gu n{ e){o rkspgbk 8
ra bsçaugno -çu{ek -çu{ek ek lasbmç$ lasbmç $ ekrgio$ ekrgio $ S&E S&E'$ '$ ra `acsgbaugno - vsnbkrr{r - vsnbkrr{r$$ bnousõdk q{adguç'$ q{adguç '$ ra bnllksbgadgraugno -uwvk ek egrusgc{ugno$ lnek ek bnll{ogbaugno$ çu{ek ek raugr`abugno$ lasik eçiaiçk$ vsg} `goad'$
Agorg$ gd vk{u bmksbmks æ vsçpngs ra e{sçk ek pgk/ Ko e)a{uskr ukslkr$ dk rkspgbk lasjkugoi e){ok rnbgçuç ekpsa vskoesk ko bnlvuk {o la}gl{l ek vasalíuskr r{s dk lasbmç e{ vsne{gu n{ e{ rkspgbk æ pkoesk$ bkbg a`go ek lkuusk ko vdabk {ok rusauçigk bnllksbgadk vn{s d)kouskvsgrk/ d)kouskvsgrk/ Bkuuk rusauçigk pgrk æ lkuusk d)kouskvsgrk bnobksoçk ko aeçq{augno apkb dkr k}gikobkr glvdgbgukr n{ k}vdgbgukr e{ lasbmç r{s dkq{kd kddk aigu/ Dkr carkr ek bkuuk rusauçigk rnou ek eçbn{psgs dkr ckrngor ekr bnornllauk{sr vnukougkdr ku ek eç`gogs dkr vsne{gur ku rkspgbkr/ Da vndgugq{k ek bnll{ogbaugno$ da v{cdgbguç$ v{cdgbguç $ da vsnlnugno ku d)nsiaograugno ek da pkouk ekr vsne{gur o)kru q{aou æ kddk q{k da vasugk da vd{r pgrgcdk e{ lasjkugoi a{vsír e{ isaoe v{cdgb/ Bnllk a{ rkgo ekr nsiaograugnor$ da vsgrk ek eçbgrgno ko lasjkugoi ok rk `agu var un{hn{sr ek laogísk ekrbkoeaouk 8 ek da rusauçigk lasjkugoi pksr dk lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd/ Gd kru vnrrgcdk e)glaigoks q{k ekr eçbgrgnor bsgugq{kr v{grrkou èusk vsgrkr egskbuklkou vas ekr aikour egur nvçsaug nvçsaugnook nookdr$ dr$ n{ q{k da rusauçig rusauçigkk r)çuacdg r)çuacdgrrk rrk avsír avsír apngs apngs ské{ dkr sçr{duau sçr{duaurr e)nvçsau e)nvçsaugnor gnor// Bkvkoeaou$ Bkvkoeaou$ eaor d)geçk ek vn{pngs nsgkouks da eçbgrgno$ eçbgrgno$ gd kru rn{pkou vsç`çsacdk e)apngs ko uèuk bkuuk egrugobugno ku ek d){ugdgrks ko vsaugq{k/ Dk lasjkugoi rusauçigq{k kru da eçlasbmk e‗aoadwrk ku ek sç`dk}gno vn{s sçadgrks d‗aeçq{augno n``sk,eklaoek q{g r)gorbsgu eaor da rusauçigk ek d)kouskvsgrk d)kouskvsgrk// Gd r)aigu e){o usapagd ek dnoi ukslk/ Dk lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd kru da bnobsçugraugno r{s dk ukssago ekr eçbgrgnor e)nsgkouaugno e)nsgkouaugno vsgrkr a{ ogpka{ e{ lasjkugoi rusauçigq{k ku acn{ugu æ d)çdacnsaugno e){o vdao lasjkugoi/ lasjkugoi / 3,Dkr q{ausk enlagokr e){ok vndgugq{k ek lasbmçaik
Dk lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd vas rn{bgr ek rglvdg`gbaugno kru rkilkouç ko q{ausk vsgobgva{} enlagokr avvkdçr lasjkugoi lg}/ lg}/ Bkuuk rkilkouaugno kru ascgusagsk ku a vn{s rglvdk nchkbug` ek rglvdg`gks da vsgrk ek eçbgrgno a{ ogpka{ lasjkugoi/ Bmaq{k rkilkou e{ lasjkugoi lg} o)kru var eç`gog ek laogísk rusgbuk ku vk{u enob æ vsgnsg bn{psgs un{r dkr enlagokr bnobksoaou dk lasjkugoi/ Bkr 5V q{)no avvkddk lasjkugoi lg} -vdao ek lasbmçaik e{ lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd' nou çuç gousne{gur ko 1706 vas Hksnlk LbBasuw/ Gd r)aigu ek 8 0
Dk vsne{gu - vsne{bu vsne{bu ' Dk vsg} - vsgbk vsgbk ' Da egrusgc{ugno - vdabk vdabk ' Da bnll{ogbaugno - vsnlnugno vsnlnugno '
A{hn{se)m{g$ no pngu avvasaïusk dkr ;B -a{usk rkilkouaugno vn{paou a{rrg skoesk d)aoadwrk k}ma{rugpk' 8
Bnlvaow -Rnbgçuç' -Rnbgçuç' 8 Iallk ek vsne{gur , Glaik a{ rkgo e{ lasbmç , da Ukbmondnigk , da b{du{sk ek d‗kouskvsgrk , dkr nchkbug`r/ B{runlksr -Bdgkour' 8 da uagddk e{ lasbmç ku ra bsngrraobk ‒ rkilkour e{ lasbmç , dkr rn{sbkr e)go`nslaugno r{s dk bdgkou , `abuk{sr ragrnoogksr , vsnbkrr{r e‗abmau -vas glv{drgno n{ vas vs{ekobk'/ Bnlvkugunsr -Bnob{sskour' 8 Egskbu$ goegskbu , vasur ek lasbmç ‒ dkr `nsbkr ku dkr `agcdkrrkr ekr bnob{sskour/ Bnddacnsaunsr Bnddacnsaunsr -Bnddacnsauk{sr' 8 egrusgc{uk{sr egrusgc{uk{sr , `n{sogrrk{sr `n{sogrrk{sr , eçuagddaour$ eçuagddaour$ kub/ Bnouk}u -Bnouk}uk' 8 `abuk{sr ek labsn kopgsnooklkou/
Dk vsne{gu -vsne{bu lg}'
Dk vsne{gu ok rk dglguk var a{ vsne{gu d{g,lèlk$ gd gobd{u dkr çdçlkour r{gpaour 8 d)klcaddaik$ dk bnoegugnooklkou$ dk ekrgio$ dkr onslkr q{)gd skrvkbuk$ dkr dackdr$ da lasq{k$ dk bwbdk ek pgk e{ vsne{gu$ da iallk$/// Dk vsg} -vsgbk lg}'
Dk vsg} -vn{s dk bdgkou' vk{u èusk p{ rgl{duaoçlkou bnllk da rnllk ekr bnúur$ bnúur$ ek da lasik e{ pkoek{s ku ekr ua}kr egpksrkr n{ bnllk dk lnouaou q{){o bdgkou kru vsèu æ vawks vn{s bk vsne{gu : vsg} vrwbmndnigq{k$ gd r)aigu e{ vsg} e)abbkvuaugno nvuglad -rkdno dkr umçnsgkr ek d)çbndk a{usgbmgkook a{usgbmgkook'/ '/ Da eklaoek kru içoçsadklkou çdarugq{k 8 dk onlcsk e)abmaur çpnd{k vas savvnsu æ d)çpnd{ugno e{ vsg}/ Rg dk vsg} a{ilkouk$ da eklaoek cagrrk ku gopksrklkou/ Ko bnorçq{kobk$ eg``çskoukr vndgugq{kr ek vsg} rnou vnrrgcdkr$ bnllk vas k}klvdk da vndgugq{k e)çbsçlaik e)çbsçlaik$$ q{g bmksbmk æ pkoesk lngor ek vsne{gur$ lagr vd{r bmks$ ku enob agorg æ eçiaiks {o vd{r isaoe cçoç`gbk/ Dk vsg} vk{u çiadklkou èusk p{ ek laogísk q{adguaugpk -`g}k,pasgacdk'$ ek laogísk ewoalgq{k -vndgugq{k ek rndek' n{ skdaugnookddk -vndgugq{k ek `geçdgraugno'/ [ok isaoek lçbnooagrraobk ekr abmkuk{sr kru æ rgioadks eaor dk rkbuk{s ekr rkspgbkr 8 dk vsg} ekr rkspgbkr kru içoçsadklkou rn{r,kruglç vas savvnsu a{} vsg} ekr vsne{gur/ E)n÷ d)glvnsuaobk e){o lasjkugoi cka{bn{v vd{r vçeainigq{k ku enob vd{r bnúuk{} vn{s bk rkbuk{s/ Bkvkoeaou$ ek onlcsk{rkr dçigrdaugnor gouksegrkou gouksegrkou da pkouk æ vksuk -onuallkou ko Ckdigq{k n{ ko @saobk$ @saobk$ ekv{gr 1779 ku da dng Iaddaoe'/ Iaddaoe '/ Da egrusgc{ugno -Vdabk lg}'
Bnlvskoe dkr abugpguçr q{g skoekou dkr vsne{gur egrvnogcdkr ku abbkrrgcdkr r{s dk lasbmç Egrusgc{ugno -bnllksbk'/ -bnllksbk' /
9
Gd kru vnrrgcdk ek egrugoi{ks eg``çskoukr `nslkr ek egrusgc{ugno Vsne{buk{s Bn{sugks Isnrrgruk n{ bkousadk e)abmau Rklg,isnrrgruk Eçuagddaou -ILR , Isaoekr ku Lnwkookr R{s`abkr$ IRR , Isaoekr R{s`abkr Rvçbgadgrçkr$ Isaoer Laiargor' PVB , Pkouk Vas Bnsskrvnoeaobk n{ Pkouk æ Egruaobk -P/A/E/' @saobmgrk @EP , @nsbk ek pkouk 8 dkr bnllksbga{} q{g rk eçvdabkou vas`ngr vn{s addks a{ bnouabu ekr bdgkour Baoad 8 r{bbkrrgno pksugbadk e)goukslçegagskr$ da rnllk ekr baoa{} bnorugu{aou {o bgsb{gu Sçrka{
8 bgsb{gu ku goegpge{r d)aoglaou
Da bnll{ogbaugno -Vsnlnugno lg}'
Skvsçrkouk d)korklcdk ekr abugpguçr q{g `nou bnooaïusk dk vsne{gu ku rkr apaouaikr ko p{k e)go e)gobg bguk ukss dkr dkr bdgk bdgkou ourr bgcd bgcdçr çr æ d)ab d)abmk mkuk ukss /k}k /k}klv lvdk dkr8 r8 v{cdgbguç$ v{cdgbguç vsnlnugno $ vsnlnugno ekr pkou koukr $ rvnornsgoi ///kub/ Rusauçigk ek bnll{ogbaugno/ bnll{ogbaugno / Bnll{ogbaugno larr,lçega 8
UP$ Vskrrk$ Vskrrk$ A``gbmaik$ A``gbmaik $ Bgoçl Bgoçla$ a$ Saegn$ Saegn$ Goukso Gouksoku ku ku d)kork d)korklcd lcdkk ekr r{vvn r{vvnsur sur no,dg no,dgok ok ek eg``{rgno Bnll{ogbaugno mnsr lçega
8
VDP -V{cdgbguç -V{cdgbguç r{s dk dgk{ ek pkouk '$ Bnll{ogbaugno gorugu{ugnookddk $ U,rmgsur$ Ukbmogq{kr ek Lasjkugoi Egskbu$Skdaugnor Egskbu$Skdaugnor v{cdgq{kr$ Lkrraik ono v{cdgbguagsk -ek uwvk go`nslaugnookd' ekrugoç a{ isaoe v{cdgb pga ekr larr,lçegar$ Nsiaograugno e) çpçoklkougkdr -daobklkou ek vsne{gu.rkspgbk'$ Ugsks vsn`gu e){o çpçoklkou b{du{skd$ Vsnlnugno ekr pkoukr -No bmksbmk æ a{ilkouks ek `aéno rgiog`gbaugpk dk bmg``sk e)a``agskr r{s {ok vçsgnek eçukslgoçk/ Vd{rgk{sr ukbm ukbmog ogq{ q{kr kr vn{s vn{s bkda bkda 8 vsgl vsglkr kr$$ hk{} hk{}$$ cagr cagrrk rkrr ek vsg} vsg}$$ krra krragr gr isau isau{g {gur ur$$ eçi{ eçi{ru ruau augn gnoo n{ çbmaougddnor$ aoglaugno///' @nsbkr ek pkoukr
8
Go`nslaugno egskbuk pga dkr bnllksbga{} ko pgrgukr bmkx dkr bdgkour 2,Acn{ugrrklkou nvçsaugnookd 8 dk vdao lasjkugoi
Dnsrq{k dkr abugnor bnobksoaou bkr q{ausk enlagokr rnou8 ‣ ‣
vsnisallçkr vn{s {ok e{sçk enooçk -vas k}klvdk {ok aooçk'$ bmg``sçkr -c{eikur$ nchkbug`r ek sçr{duaur' =
‣ ‣
apkb dk{s eçuagd vas vsne{gu$ rkilkour ek bdgkouídk ku {oguçr ek d)kouskvsgrk$ ku {ok k}vdgbguaugno ekr lnwkor a``kbuçr ku ekr abugnor ek ukssago bnsskrvnoeaoukr$ No acn{ugu a{ vdao lasjkugoi ek da vçsgnek bnorgeçsçk/
Vasu Vasugk gk 3 8 Rv Rvçb çbg` g`gb gbgu guçr çr e{ lasj lasjku kugo goi i ek ekrr rnbg rnbgçu çuçr çr `goao `go aobg bgís ískr kr 8 G/ ekr rkspg rkspgbkr bkr 8
Vasugb{dasguç e{ lasjkugoi
1/ Da `nobu `nobugno gno e‗{rai e‗{raikk e‗{o e‗{o rksp rkspgbk gbk 8
D‗aeavuaugno vksrnooadgrçk e{ rkspgbk : [o rksp rkspgb gbkk kru kru l{ l{du dugp gpad adko kouk uk ko uksl ukslkk ek
♠ ♠
`nobugno e‗{raik : Dk rkspgbk kru bmngrg vn{s da laogísk enou gd
♠
sçrn{u$ gd bnlck dk eçrgs e{ bdgkou :
Dk bdgkou o‗abmíuk q{k da `nobugno e‗{raik e{
♠
rkspgbk -ku cgko rn{pkou dk vsne{gu a{rrg' / 3/ Dk bnobkvu bnobkvu ek rksp{bu rksp{bugno gno 8
Da rksp{bugno kru da vsne{bugno ekr rkspgbkr/ Dk rkspgbk kru d‗nchkbug` ek da rksp{bugno/ Gd skvsçrkouk da sçr{duaouk kousk 2 çdçlkour 8
Dk bdgkou
Rkspgbk
Vksrnookd ko bnouabu
Go`sarus{bu{sk ku dnigrugq{k
7
[o bdgkou n{ {ugdgrauk{s [o vksr vksrno nook okdd n{ baoa baoadd ek bnouabu [ok go`sarus{bu{sk
Goegrvkoracdk Goegrvkoracdk æ da bsçaugno e{ rkspgbk ,pkoek{sr$ bmasiçr ek bdgkouídk$ bdgkouídk$ vskrbsgvuk{sr† ,lagdgoi$ uçdçvmnok† uçdçvmnok† D‗korklcdk D‗korklcdk e{ vnukougkd vnukougkd ek vsne{bugno$ vsne{bugno$ aikobk$ alçoaiklkou$ alçoaiklkou$ cabj,n``gbk$ go`nslaugq{k$ bnlvuacgdguç
K}klvdk 8
Da rksp{bugno e{ rkspgbk 8 ª lnwkor ek vagklkou º 8 bdgkou 8 pgkou k``kbu{ks {o skusagu$ goukssniks rno rndek$ k``kbu{ks {ok sklgrk : ‣ ‣ vksrnookd ek bnouabu 8 aikou ek i{gbmku n{ a{unlauk : go`sarus{bu{sk 8 usçrnsksgk$ a{unsgraugno$ eçbn{pksu$ glvsglçr$ bmçq{gksr$ basukr$ asikou ‣ dgq{gek$ k}usagu e{ bnlvuk a{unlaugq{k†/
GG/ rks r kspg pgbk bkrr 8
Dk
lasjkugoi la
lg lg}
ek ekr
Da dçiguglguç e{ lneídk ekr 5V kru oçaolngor sklgrk ko ba{rk bnobksoaou dkr rkspgbkr$ bas kddk vasaïu gor{``graouk/ gor{``graouk/ Dk lneídk ekr 9V n{ e{ lasjkugoi lg} ek Cnnlr ku Csguoks kru {o n{ugd ek da rusauçigk lasjkugoi q{g a{ilkouk dk onlcsk ek pasgacdkr bnousõdacdkr ek 5 eaor dk lneídk gogugad e{ lasjkugoi lg} æ 9/ Bkd{g,bg ugkou bnlvuk ekr rvçbg`gbguçr ek da rksp{bugno -bsçaugno e‗{o rkspgbk' q{g rnou d‗gouaoigcgdguç$ lagr a{rrg d‗mçuçsniçoçguç ku dk basabuísk vas`aguklkou vas`aguklkou vçsgrracdk ek bk{},bg/ Dk lneídk usaegugnookd e{ lasjkugoi lg} çuagu vsgobgvadklkou egsgiç ku {ugdk vn{s dkr vsne{gur sçkdr/ Dk lneídk ekr 9V kru {ugdk eaor rkbuk{s uksugagsk lagr çiadklkou$ cgko q{k vd{r egrb egrb{u {uac acdk dk eaor eaor$$ eaor eaor ekr ekr kopg kopgsn snoo ookl klko kour ur enou enou d‗ab d‗abug ugpg pguç uç kru kru `nsu `nsukl klko kouu carç carçkk r{s r{s da bnooagrraobk/ Dkr 2V r{vvdçlk r{vv dçlkouag ouagskr skr 8
Cnnlr ku Csguoks nou ahn{uç dkr 2 vgbnrkbnoekr aeegugnookddkr r{gpaoukr a{ lasjkugoi lg} usaegugnookd 8 n Vsnb Vsnbkr krrr 8 basabuçsgrç vas d‗gouksabugno apkb dk bdgkou -k} 8 abb{kgd$ bnorkgd$ mnsagskr e‗n{pksu{sk†' n Vknv Vknvdk dk 8 bavabguçr ek da `nsbk ek pkouk -k} 8 vsçrkouaugno$ `nslaugno†' n Vmwrgbad kpgekobk -n{ vmwrgbad r{vvnsu 8 r{vvnsu vmwrgq{k' 8 bnlvnraoukr lauçsgkddkr e{ laiargo -k} 8 pgusgokr$ nsiaograugno ekr sawnor$ †'$ e{ rkspgbk -savvnsu aoo{kd vn{s {o k}vksu bnlvuacdk$ skdkpç ek bnlvuk$ basoku ek bmíq{k$ n{ basuk caobagsk vn{s {ok caoq{k†'$ n{ gekoug`gaou dk vksrnookd$ q{g `agu vasugk gouçisaouk vn{s da vsne{bugno e‗{o rkspgbk -k} 8 {og`nslk n{ uko{k e{ vksrnookd'/ Bksuagor nou bsgugq{ç d‗avvnsu bnobkvu{kd ek bkr 2V$ eaor da lkr{sk n÷ dkr geçkr q{‗gdr skvsçrkoukou vk{pkou èusk gobd{kr eaor dkr 5V nsgigoa{} 8 da vsnbkrr rksagu krrkougkddklkou {o vsncdílk dgç a{ vsne{gu$ uaoegr q{k vkndvk rksagu krrkougkddklkou dgç æ da vsne{bugno$ enob a{ vsne{gu$ n{ vas`ngr æ da vsnlnugno$ ku vmwrgbad kpgekobk rksagu vd{r a{ lngor arrglgdç æ da vsnlnugno
16
GGG/ Vasugb{dasguç e{ lasjkugoi ekr rkspgbkr rkspgbkr vas savvnsu a{ lasjkugoi lasjk ugoi 8 1/ Vmarkr e{ vdao lasjkugoi ekr vsne{gur8
Aoadwrk ek d‗kopgsnooklkou e{ lasbmç
Aoadwrk ek da bnob{sskobk
Aoadwrk e{ lasbmç
Aoadwrk ek d‗gorugu{ugno n{ vngou ek pkouk
Egaionrugb lkoabkr nvvnsu{oguçr nvvnsu{oguçr Vsnonrugb Nsgkouaugno ek eçpkdnvvklkou ek d‗gorugu{ugno Nchkbug`r 8
♠
Q{aouguaug`r Q{adguaug`r ♠ ♠
Vdao vsne{gu
VNLLU VAB Rusauçigk
Vdao vsg} Vdao go`nslaugno
Vdao `nslaugno Vdao egrusgc{ugno `nsbk ek pkouk Vdao ek bnll{ogbaugno
Sçr{duaur vsçpgrgnookdr 11 Uacdka{ ek cnse
VNLLU 8 vdao nchkbug`r lasjkugoi æ lnwko ukslk -2aor' VAB 8 vdao e‗abugno bnllksbgad bnllksbgad -1ao' 3/ Dkr vmarkr e{ vdao lasjkugoi ekr e kr rkspgbkr 8
Eç`gogugno ekr bdgkour gouksokr
Eç`gogugno ekr vskruaugnor vskruaugnor e{ rkspgbk
Aoadwrk ek d‗glaik e{ rkspgbk
Aoadwrk ekr lnwkor e{ rkspgbk
Egaionrugb e{ ekisç e‗aeçq{augno e{ `nobugnooklkou ku ekr vskruaugnor e{ rkspgbk a{} auukoukr ek da bdgkouídk Vsnonrugb Nsgkouaugno eçpkdnvvklkou
Vdao vsne{gu Nsiaograugno Rus{bu{skr Vskruaugno
Nchkbug`r 8 Q{aouguaug`r Q{adguaug`r
Rusauçigk
Vdao bnll{ogbaugno
Vdao `nslaugno Vdao go`nslaugno
Uacdka{ ek cnse
2/ @goadguç @goadguç ek d‗krvsgu d‗krvsgu lasjkugo lasjkugoi i8
Aeçq{augno bnoruaouk ekr skrrn{sbkr$ ekr rusauçigkr 8 ( a{} çpnd{ugno ek d‗kopgsnooklkou : ( a{} auukoukr ekr lasbmçr/
13
æ da bnob{sskobk
Skbmksbmk e‗{ok eg``çskobk vas savvnsu
@dk}gcgdguç nvvnsu{oguçr ku a{} eg``gb{duçr skobnousçkr$ onugno ek sçabugq{k/
GP/ ekr rnbgçuçr `goaobgískr8
ekr
abugnor
`abk
a{}
Vasugb{dasguç e{ lasjkugoi
E‗avsír dk rbmçla$ no vk{u egsk q{k da vsaugq{k e{ lasjkugoi lg} vas dkr gorugu{ugnor `goaobgískr kru bnoegugnooçk vas q{ausk glvnsuaoukr vsçnbb{vaugnor 8 ♠
Bnousgc{ks æ bsçks ek da padk{s bnohngouklkou vn{s dk bdgkou ku da rnbgçuç
`goaobgísk :
12
Rk rn{b rn{bgk gkss ek da bnob bnob{s {ssk skob obkk r{s r{s dk lasb lasbmç mç -r‗a -r‗aea eavu vuks ks savg savgek eklk lkou ou a{} a{} on{pkddkr ukbmondnigkr ek d‗go`nslaugno'$ ku alçdgnsks dkr vks`nslaobkr bnllksbgadkr a{vsír ekr rkilkour e{ lasbmç n÷ dk lasjkugoi a çuç vk{ rnddgbguç h{rq{‗æ vsçrkou/ Dkr ckrngor e{ bdgkour 8 a{,ekdæ ek da skbmksbmk e‗go`nslaugnor r{s dkr inúur$ ♠ ckrngor ku auukoukr ekr bdgkour$ dkr çu{ekr lasjkugoi rk pkssnou bnousagoukr ek usae{gsk bkr go`nslaugnor ko abugnor skouacdkr vn{s dkr gorugu{ugnor `goaobgískr : ♠ Dkr on{pka{} bnob{sskour 8 dkr rnbgçuçr `goaobgískr rnou ek vd{r ko vd{r bno`s bno`snou nouçkr çkr a{} `nsbk `nsbkrr bnlvçu bnlvçugug gugpk pkrr ekr on{pka on{pka{} {} bnob{ bnob{ssk sskour our æ vasug vasugss ekr baoa{} baoa{} ek egrusgc{ugno egpksrg`gçr$ onuallkou æ usapksr dk skbn{sr ekr rnbgçuçr `goaobgískr dkr {okr a{} abugpgu abugpguçr çr ekr a{uskr a{uskr -caobarr{saob -caobarr{saobkk ku arr{s`goaob arr{s`goaobk'/ k'/ E‗n÷ da oçbkrrgu oçbkrrguçç e‗aeavua e‗aeavuaugno ugno ek da rusau rusauçig çigkk lasjku lasjkugo goii a{} nch nchkbu kbug` g`rr ku lnwkor lnwkor ek da rnbgç rnbgçuç uç$$ onu onuall allkou kou ko laugí laugísk sk ek eçukslgoaugno e{ enlagok e‗abugpguç rusauçigq{k/ ♠
O/C 8
kru d‗korklc d‗korklcdk dk ekr abugnor abugnor lkoçkr lkoçkr vas {ok kouskvsg kouskvsgrk rk vn{s bnopagobsk ekr bgcdkr ko alnou ek da vsne{bugno -`n{sogrrk{sr'$ bkr abugnor rnou rn{pkou avvkdçkr C un C -c{rgokrr un c{rgokrr'/ Dk lasjkugoi apad kru d‗korklcdk ekr ukbmogq{kr lasjkugoi {ugdgrçkr ko apad -egrusgc{uk{sr$ -egrusgc{uk{sr$ bnornllauk{sr bnornllauk{sr ek d‗kouskvsgrk'/ Dk lasjkugoi alnou
Vasugk 2 8 Avvdgba dgbauugno gno e{ las lasjkugo ugoi lg} a{} caoq{k caoq{krr ku a{} arr{sa arr{saobk obkrr 8 G/ caoq ca oq{k {krr 8
Dk
lasjkugoi
lg}
ekr
Bnllk un{uk a{usk kouskvsgrk$ da vndgugq{k lasjkugoi ekr caoq{kr bnlvnsuk q{ausk pndkur vsgobgva{} q{g rnou 8 dk vsne{gu$ dk vsg}$ da bnll{ogbaugno ku da egrusgc{ugno/
1/
Da vndgugq{k ek vsne{gu 8 Dkr basabuçsgrugq{kr e{ vsne{gu caobagsk ek d‗arr{saobk
‣
a'
Da vndgugq{k ek iallk ku ek lasq{k
da vndgugq{k ek iallk
No vk{u bnoruauks bnoruauks {ok lneçdgraugno n{ ruaoeasgraugno ruaoeasgraugno ek d‗n``sk ek vsne{gur ku ek rkspgbk rkspgbk eaor dkr rkbuk{sr caobagsk ku e‗arr{saobk éa pk{u egsk q{k bmaq{k çuacdgrrklkou n``sk dkr lèlkr rkspgbkr q{k dkr a{uskr -bk vmçonlíok vskoe kobnsk vd{r ek d‗alvdk{s a{ Lasnb 15
apkb da dgcçsadgraugno e{ rkbuk{s$ bk q{g a vkslgr æ ekr caoq{kr rvçbgadgrukr ek ekpkogs ekr caoq{kr caoq{kr {ogpksr {ogpksrkddk kddkrr bnllk dk bsçegu aisgbndk aisgbndk$$ ku BGM'$ bkbg bkbg æ ba{rk ba{rk ek d‗acrko d‗acrkobk bk ek vsnukbugno ek d‗goonpaugno/ D‗n``sk ekr vsne{gur kru usír egpksrg`gçk$ enou no bguk q{kdq{kr vsgobgva{} lneídkr 8 d‗n``sk ek Vabjaik 8 bnoé{k bnllk {ok n``sk isn{vç bnlvskoaou a{ lngor ‣ ek{} vsne{gur n{ rkspgbk$ kddk bnoe{gu æ {ok sçe{bugno e{ bnúu lasigoad ek bmab{o ekr vsne{gur n{ rkspgbkr ku æ {o eçpkdnvvklkou ekr bnúur vasuaiçr/ ‣ D‗n``sk kopksr {o rkilkou 8 bkuuk n``sk kru rn{pkou usír egpksrg`gçk$ kddk sçvnoe krrkougkddklkou a{} ckrngor k}vsglçr vas bkuuk bdgkouídk/ C' da vndgugq{k ek lasq{k Da lasq{k kru {o rgiok n{ {o korklcdk ek rgiokr q{g vkslkuukou ek egrugoi{ks dk vsne{gur n{ rkspgbkr e‗{ok kouskvsgrk ek bk{} ek da bnob{sskobk Dk sõdk ek da lasq{k kru vsglnsegad ko lasjkugoi bas b‗kru d‗çdçlkou q{g enook {ok vksrnooadguç ku {ok gekouguç {ogq{k a{ vsne{gu/ Kddk rksu æ gekoug`gks$ æ eg``çskobgks : kddk a vn{s c{u e‗goegq{ks a{ bnornllauk{s q{k ukd vsne{gu æ ukddk nsgigok ku enob q{k ekr iasaougkr k}grukou æ rno vsnvnr/ Ko k``ku ko sklasq{k q{k dkr vsne{gur caobagskr r{s dk lasbmç lasnbago rnou gekoug`gçr vas dk dnin ku dk onl ek da caoq{k$ æ ugusk e‗k}klvdk 8 vn{s KQENL$ q{g vsnvnrk ekr bsçegur vn{s da bnornllaugno$ un{ukr rkr a``gbmkr v{cdgbguagskr vnsukou dk onl ek RILC$ lèlk bar vn{s RADA@GO apkb CLBK Coaj$ bkbg kru padacdk a{rrg vn{s dkr arr{saobkr /Bkuuk gekoug`gbaugno gekoug`gbaugno kru vksé{k vas dk bdgkou bnllk {o rgiok e‗arr{saobk e‗arr{saobk q{aou a{ rçsgk{} ekr bkr n``skr lagr a{rrg {o `abuk{s ek `geçdgraugno/ ‣
Dk bwbdk ek pgk ekr vsne{gur caobagskr
Dkr Dkr vsne vsne{g {gur ur caob caobag agsk skrr rnou rnou bkor bkorçr çr e{sk e{skss bas bas gd gdrr ok rnou rnou var var k}vn k}vnrç rçrr æ d‗{r d‗{r{s {skk n{ æ d‗ncrndkrbkobk/ Bkbg rk usae{gu vas {ok eç`gogugno eg``çskouk ekr vmarkr e{ bwbdk ek pgk e{ vsne{ vsne{gu gu caoba caobagsk gsk// Agorg$ Agorg$ a{ dg dgk{ k{ ek egrug egrugoi{ oi{ks ks q{ausk q{ausk vmarkr vmarkr$$ q{g rnou rnou dk daobk daobklk lkou$ ou$ da bsngrraobk$ da lau{sguç ku dk eçbdgo$ no egrugoi{k usngr vmarkr q{g rnou dk daobklkou$ da lau{sguç$ ku dk eçbdgo/
Vmark ek daobklkou 8 bkuuk vmark kru arrkx bn{su eaor dkr rkbuk{s caobagsk$ dk daobklkou e{ on{pka{ vsne{gu vk{u apngs ek{} nsgigokr$ vsklgísklkou dk vsne{gu vk{u èusk daobç æ d‗gogugaugpk ek d‗a{unsguç lnoçuagsk bk q{g `agu q{k dk vsne{gu kru vsnvnrç vas d‗korklcdk ekr caoq{kr$ ek{}gílklkou dk vsne{gu kru daobç æ d‗gogugaugpk e‗{ok caoq{k eaor bk bar a{rrg dkr a{uskr caoq{kr ok uaseksnou var æ dk bnvgks :
Vmark ek lau{sguç 8 eaor bkuuk vmark dk vsne{gu kru bnoo{ vas da bdgkouídk$ gd kru {ugdgrç ek `aéno sçi{dgísk ku vk{u bnooaïusk bksuagokr bsngrraobkr r{guk æ ekr abugnor bnllksbgadkr$ un{uk`ngr da bnob{sskobk kru s{ek kousk caoq{k vn{s dk lagougko ekr vasur ek lasbmç :
1;
Vmark ek eçbdgo 8 vmark da vd{r dnoi{k e{ bwbdk ek pgk e{ vsne{gu caobagsk$ d‗ncrndkrbkobk iaiok vsniskrrgpklkou dk vsne{gu ko sagrno ek d‗çlksikobk e‗{o on{pka{ vsne{gu$ bkda ok pk{u var egsk q{k dk vsne{gu egrvasaïusa egrvasaïusa vn{s a{uaou a{uaou e{ `agu q{k da bdgkouídk bdgkouídk macgu{çk macgu{çk æ rno {ugdgraugno o‗abbkvuksa var `abgdklkou rno çdglgoaugno/
D‗macgddaik ekr vsne{gur caobagskr
Dkr vsne{gur caobagskr egrvnrkou e‗{o bwbdk ek pgk dnoi vas savvnsu æ {o vsne{gu goe{rusgkd$ da iallk ekr vsne{gur caobagskr kru a{rrg glvnsuaouk$ gd kru ek bk `agu eg``gbgdk vn{s {ok caoq{k ek `agsk ekr vsnlnugnor vn{s d‗korklcdk ek da iallk/ Agorg$ da caoq{k vsnbíek æ {o macgddaik ek bksuagor vsne{gur ko vmark ek eçbdgo vn{s dkr skdaobks ko enooaou vas k}klvdk {o onl arrkx rgiog`gbaug` a{ vsne{gu q{g o‗kru var usír ukbmogq{k a`go e‗auugsks d‗auukougno ekr bdgkour r{s bksuagokr basabuçsgrugq{kr/
3/
Da egrusgc{ugno 8
Da skbnlvnrgugno ekr lnekr ek da egrusgc{ugno ek da caoq{k r‗kru `aguk eaor {ok vksrvkbugpk ek l{dugvdgbaugno ekr vngour ek pkouk ku e{ eçpkdnvvklkou e‗n{ugdr ek pkouk æ egruaobk/ D‗kohk{ sçrgeksagu eaor d‗nvuglgraugno ek da skouacgdguç ekr rus{bu{skr vmwrgq{kr ek da caoq{k$ lauçsgadgrçkr vas dkr aikobkr$ vas da lgrk ko vdabk e‗{ok lkgddk{sk q{adguç ek rkspgbk ku ko skbmksbmaou {ok vd{r isaoek vsne{bugpguç eaor ekr nvçsaugnor içoçsausgbkr ek padk{s ahn{uçk$ ku æ usapksr da lgrk ko vdabk e‗n{ugdr on{pka{} vkslkuuaou a{} bdgkour e‗gogugks k{} lèlk dk{sr nvçsaugnor/ Da skdaugno bdgkouídk rk usn{pksagu adnsr çpnd{çk eaor {ok vksrvkbugpk l{dugbaoad/ No vasdk eír dnsr ek l{dugpkouk º/ ¹ Dkr aikobkr caobagskr 8 Da ukoeaobk abu{kddk eaor dkr aikobkr caobagskr kru e‗addks pksr {ok rvçbgadgraugno ekr lçug lçugksr ksr// Bkbg Bkbg kru e‗a{u e‗a{uaou aou vd{r vd{r avvask avvaskou ou q{k vd{ vd{rgk rgk{sr {sr rn{r rn{r rkilk rkilkou ourr ek bdgko bdgkouíd uídkk avvasagrrkou$ q{k da rvçbgadgraugno ekr vnsuk`k{gddkr vas lasbmç ku vas ogbmk rk eçpkdnvvk ku q{k d‗abugpguç bnllksbgadk a{ i{gbmku a{ilkouk/ E‗{o a{usk bõuç$ dk bnorkgddks a{vasapaou ª gouksdnb{uk{s {ogq{k º rk rvçbgadgrk ek vd{r ko vd{r : lagr o‗kru vd{r a{ bkousk ek da skdaugno apkb dk bdgkou e‗a{uaou vd{r q{k dkr eg``çskour baoa{} ek egrusgc{ugno rk l{dugvdgkou/ Gd kru avvas{ enob vsglnsegad ek sko`nsbks dk rapngs ku dk rapngs,`agsk bnllksbgad ekr eg``çskour eg``çskour bnorkgddksr eaor {o nchkbug` nchkbug` ek ikrugno vd{r k``gbabk ekr bdgkour/ Bkvkoeaou$ ku ko eçvgu ek da lgrk ko vdabk ek eg``çskour baoa{} ek egrusgc{ugno$ d‗aikobk eklk{sk vn{s dkr bdgkour {o bnouabu vsgpgdçigç : A bk ogpka{$ dk usa`gb ek da bdgkouídk bdgkouídk o‗kru var {og`nslk e‗{ok aikobk æ {ok a{usk$ ku çpnd{k rkdno egpksr çdçlkour/ B‗kru eaor bk rkor q{k d‗no ncrkspk {ok sçnsiaograugno sçnsiaograugno ekr vngour ek pkouk eaor {o baesk ek sçe{bugno ku ek `dk}gcgdguç `dk}gcgdguç e{ uklvr ek usapagd$ rk usae{graou vas {ok eg``çskobgaugno ekr mnsagskr e‗n{pksu{sk ekr aikobkr ko `nobugno ekr rkbuk{sr -sçrgekougkd$ rkbuk{sr ek c{ska{}' ku ekr lçugksr -abugpguç ek i{gbmku ku ek bagrrk bnobkousçk r{s dk laugo vas k}klvdk$ bnouabu apkb da bnorkgddks bnllksbgad r{s skoekx,pn skoekx,pn{r† {r†'/ '/ Dk eçpkdnvv eçpkdnvvklko klkouu ekr a{unlauk a{unlaukrr caobagsk caobagskrr vkslku vkslku ek raugr`a raugr`agsk gsk dkr ckrngor ek cark ek da bdgkouídk/ Dk Lasjkugoi caobagsk ku dk lasbmç ekr vasugb{dgksr ku ek bagrrk bnobkousçk r{s dk laug laugoo vas k}klvd k}klvdk$ k$ bnouab bnouabuu apkb apkb da bnork bnorkgd gddk dkss bnllks bnllksbga bgadd r{s r{s skoekx skoekx,pn ,pn{r† {r†'/ '/ Dk eçpkdnvvklkou ekr a{unlaukr caobagskr vkslku ek raugr`agsk dkr ckrngor ek cark ek da 10
bdgkouídk/ Dk sçrka{ ekr aikobkr caobagskr rk eçpkdnvvk e‗{o a{usk bõuç r{gpaou ek{} lneídkr 8 Bkd{g ekr vkugukr rus{bu{skr$ eaor {o rn{bg ek sçvnork æ {ok k}gikobk ek vsn}glguç ekr dgk{} ek isaoek `sçq{kouaugno ek da vnv{daugno$ ku bkd{g ek isaoekr kouguçr q{g klvs{oukou dk lneídk ek da isaoek egrusgc{ugno/ Ko n{usk$ d‗aikobk a ek vd{r ko vd{r da vnrrgcgdguç ek eçukslgoks ekr bsguískr vsnvskr eaor d‗nsiaograugno ek d‗abugno lasjkugoi isãbk æ d‗çpnd{ugno e{ vnruk ek usapagd ekr aikobkr q{g vkslku eçrnslagr dk egadni{k apkb dk bdgkou ku d‗k``kbu{augno e‗nvçsaugnor aelgogrusaugpkr/ Ko`go$ ku ko sagrno e‗{ok vd{r isaoek isaoek aeavuau aeavuaugno gno a{ lasbmç lasbmç dnbad$ dnbad$ dkr aikobkr aikobkr ekpgkook ekpgkookou ou ekr kouguçr kouguçr bnllksbg bnllksbgadkr adkr nvçsau nvçsaugno gnookd okddkr dkr uko{k uko{krr e‗aog e‗aoglks lks {o pçsgu pçsguacd acdkk lasjk lasjkug ugoi oi dnbad dnbad// Ekpao Ekpaouu bkr kohk kohk{}$ {}$ da lgrrgno ekr aikobkr kru skoe{k kobnsk vd{r eg``gbgdk k{ çiase æ da r{vvskrrgno ek dgiokr mgçsasbmgq{kr h{içkr ek `agcdk padk{s ahn{uçk/ ¹ E‗a{uskr lnekr ek egrusgc{ugno 8 On{r bguksnor dkr a{unlaukr caobagskr$ ukdr dk i{gbmku a{unlaugq{k caobagsk$ enou dk eçpkdnvvklkou dagrrk vsçpadngs d‗kouskugko ek on{pkddkr vnrrgcgdguçr ko laugísk ek skdaugno bdgkou/ Kiadklkou$ dk sõdk ekr bkouskr e‗avvkd kru ek vd{r ko vd{r bsngrraou$ q{g pgkou nsiaogrks dk usapagd e{ bnorkgddks bdgkouídk æ usapksr da ikrugno ekr eg``çskour avvkdr Kousaour ku rnsuaour/
2/ Dk vsg} 8 8
Dk vsg} kru da pasgacdk e{ lasjkugoi lg} q{g avvasaïu vn{pngs r‗a{un`goaobks$ ku bk æ da eg``çskobk ek da bnll{ogbaugno n{ da egrusgc{ugno vas k}klvdk/ Da vndgugq{k ek vsg} rk `goaobk bnobsíuklkou bnobsíuklkou æ usapksr d‗abuk e‗abmau/ Bkvkoeaou$ da rkorgcgdguç rkorgcgdguç e{ vsg} æ vd{rgk{sr `abuk{sr dagrrk o{aobks bkuuk geçk e‗a{un`goaobklkou/ 35 Eaor da rvmísk caobagsk$ gd kru krrkougkd$ krrkougkd$ dnsr ek d‗çuacdgrrklkou d‗çuacdgrrklkou e‗{ok vndgugq{k ek vsg}$ ek vskoesk bnlvuk ek q{kdq{kr çdçlkour$ enou 8 , Da sçidklkouau sçidklkouaugno gno 8 q{g pgkou kobaesks kobaesks q{kdq{kr q{kdq{kr vsg}$ bnllk dk ua{} ua{} k``kbug k``kbug`` idncad idncad -UKI' : , Dk bnúu 8 Ko k``ku$ gd kru krrkougkd ek vskoesk bnlvuk æ bk ogpka{ e‗{ok ukoeaobk æ da l{dugvdgbaugno l{dugvdgbaugno ekr baoa{} {ugdgrçr$ bk q{g koikoesagu vas bnorçq{kou {ok eg``çskobgaugno eg``çskobgaugno e{ bnúu ku {ok gobgekobk r{s da uasg`gbaugno/ , Da bnob{sskobk bnob{sskobk 8 [ok ukoeaobk ukoeaobk içoçsadk içoçsadk æ d‗adgio d‗adgioklko klkouu r{s dk ogpka{ ogpka{ içoçsadk içoçsadk ek da bnob{sskobk a{ vsg} vsaugq{ç kru d‗ncrkspaugno da vd{r glvnsuaouk r{s dk lasbmç caobagsk/ Bkda on{r vn{rrksagu vk{u èusk æ egsk q{k eaor bk bnouk}uk da vndgugq{k ek vsg} vasaïu bnllk vgdnuçk k `nobugno ek da bnob{sskobk$ lagr halagr eçbgeçk/ , Da padk{s 8 a bk ogpka{$ d‗geçk vn{s bksuagor nsiaogrlkr `goaobgksr kru da eçbnlvnrgugno e{ vsg} ko `abuk{sr ukdr q{k da oau{sk e{ bnorkgd$ da uagddk e{ sçrka{ n{ dk onl ek da caoq{k/ Da padk{s vksé{k vas da bdgkouídk vsçrkouk agorg {o çdçlkou æ vskoesk ko bnorgeçsaugno vn{s da eç`gogugno ek da vndgugq{k ek vsg}/
5/
Da bnll{ogbaugno 8
Dk vngou bkousad eaor da vndgugq{k ek bnll{ogbaugno kru bkd{g ek d‗ncukougno e‗{ok glaik ek lasq{k `nsuk ku bnmçskouk$ ku eaor {o nchkbug` nchkbug` e‗arr{sks {ok q{adguç ek rkspgbk {og`nslk vn{s un{r dkr bdgkour : B‗kru agorg q{k dkr caoq{kr bmksbmkou æ bn{vdks ekr ogpka{} ek rkspgbkr eg``çskobgçr apkb {ok bnll{ogbaugno aeavuçk$ rk pn{daou {ok bnll{ogbaugno ek Lasq{k v{grraouk/ Bkbg pgkou ko bnlvkoraugno e{ eç`gbgu e‗glaik lasq{ç vas da caoq{k æ d‗çiase ek ra bdgkouídk/ Ko k``ku$ vd{rgk{sr sçbdalaugnor ekr bdgkour ugkookou r{sun{u æ ekr 19
vsncdílkr bnllk d‗gobnlvsçmkorgno n{ dk rkouglkou ek ladagrk q{k ek da uasg`gbaugno/ Ku b‗kru eaor d‗nchkbug` ek bnlcdks bk skuase$ q{k dkr çuacdgrrklkour çuacdgrrklkour caobagskr rk rnou gopkrugr eaor {ok skp{k ek dk{sr gekouguçr pgr{kddkr$ ku eaor d‗nsgkouaugno ek dk{s vndgugq{k ek bnll{ogbaugno bnll{ogbaugno pksr {o auuabmklkou auuabmklkou æ da padnsgraugno ek da skdaugno bdgkou$ bdgkou$ vd{uõu q{k r{s da bsçegcgdgraugno ek d‗n``sk/ ‣
Bnll{ogbaugno gouksok ku bnll{ogbaugno k}uksok
Da bnll{ogbaugno gouksok 8
Kddk pgrk æ arr{sks {ok cnook bgsb{daugno ek d‗go`nslaugno a{ rkgo ek da caoq{k/ Bkuuk go`nslaugno bnobksok ko vsklgks dgk{ dkr nchkbug`r ek da caoq{k$ da rusauçigk vn{sr{gpgk vas kddk kddk$$ dkr dkr padk padk{s {srr ek bkdd bkddk, k,bg bg$† $† kub/ kub/ Dk c{u c{u skbm skbmks ksbm bmçç gbg gbg kru kru ek bsçk bsçkss {o rkou rkougl glko kouu e‗avvasukoaobk bmkx dkr radasgçr ku ek `agsk çlksiks {ok b{du{sk e‗kouskvsgrk/
Da bnll{ogbaugno k}uksok 8
Kddk usaguk ekr skdaugnor ek da caoq{k apkb rno kopgsnooklkou$ b)kru,æ,egsk dkr bdgkour$ dkr `n{sogrrk{sr$ dkr abugnooagskr$ d‗Kuau† Dkr bnlvnraoukr ek d‗kopgsnooklkou nou cgko çpgekllkou ekr auukoukr eg``çskoukr ko ukslk ek bnll{ogbaugno/ Da caoq{k engu$ vas bnorçq{kou$ pkgddks æ bk q{k rno glaik gorugu{ugnookddk skruk {ogq{k ku bnmçskouk bmkx bkr eg``çskoukr bnlvnraoukr ek d‗kopgsnooklkou/
GG/
Lasjkugoi
lg}
ekr
arr{ arr{sa saob obkr kr 8 Dk lasjkugoi ekr arr{saobkr arr{saobkr kru avvkdç æ kousks eaor {ok on{pkddk on{pkddk vmark ek eçpkdnvvklko eçpkdnvvklkouu q{g bnorugu{ksa da pngk vkslkuuaou a{} rnbgçuçr ek q{guuks d‗ísk e{ vsnukbugnoogrlk vn{s kousks vdkgoklkou eaor bkddk ek da bnob{sskobk gouksoaugnoadk/ Eçr dnsr gd ekpko{ glvçsaug` vn{s dkr bnlvaiogkr lasnbagokr ek sçnsiaogrks d‗n``sk ek rkspgbk ku ek r‗gouçskrrks a{} auukoukr ek dk{s bdgkouídk/ ª Dk lasjkugoi lg} bnorgruk æ nvuglgrks dk lçdaoik ek d‗korklcdk ekr eçbgrgnor n{ ekr k``nsur q{k vk{u lkuusk ko Œ{psk$ æ {o lnlkou enooç$ {ok rnbgçuç e‗arr{saobk vn{s sçadgrks dkr nchkbug`r vsçadacdklkou eçukslgoçr ku auukgoesk dkr lasbmçr bgcdkr pgrçr º/ Bnllk Bnllk dk rn{dgiok rn{dgiok H/H/ Dalcgo Dalcgo ª dk lasjkugo lasjkugoii nvçsaug nvçsaugnookd nookd bnsskrvnoe bnsskrvnoe æ da eglkorgn eglkorgnoo ª abugno º ek da eçlasbmk lasjkugoi$ enou d‗mnsgxno e‗abugno rk rgu{k eaor dk bn{su$ lnwko ukslk/ Gd r‗avv{gk r{s ekr vsnisallkr ek egrusgc{ugno$ ek vsg}$ ek pkouk ku ek bnll{ogbaugno enou d‗nchkbug` ku ek `agsk bnooaïusk ku ek padnsgrks a{vsír ek da bgcdk skuko{k dkr q{adguçr egrugobugpkr ku dk vnrgugnooklkou skpkoegq{ç vn{s dkr vsne{gur n``ksur º 1=
D‗nchkbug` içoçsad ek da rusauçigk lasjkugoi aenvuçk vas dkr bnlvaiogkr e‗arr{saobkr kru ek vsnvn vsnvnrks rks a{} bnorn bnornlla llauk uk{sr {sr {ok n``sk n``sk `goao `goaobg bgísk ísk idnca idncadk$ dk$ a{uskl a{usklko kouu egu egu$$ çdasi çdasigs gs dk{sr dk{sr vnsuk`k{gddkr vsne{gur/ Ko k``ku$ {ok rusauçigk idncadk ku gouçisçk vkslku e‗çpguks un{ukr dkr egrbnseaobkr eaor dkr abugnor/ Da bnmçskobk kousk dkr eg``çskoukr bnlvnraoukr e{ Lg} lasjkugoi$ ko d‗nbb{sskobk$ d‗nbb{sskobk$ da egrusgc{ugno$ dk vsg}$ da bnll{ogbaugno ku dk vsne{gu$ bnorugu{k {ok basuk laïuskrrk ek r{bbír/ Ko k``ku$ dk ª Lasjkuks º a da bmasik ek sçadgrks dk lkgddk{s enraik n{ lg}aik vn{s ncukogs {ok k``gbabguç nvugladk$ onuallkou vas 8
D‗goukseçvkoeaobk ekr abugnor eaor dk rkor q{k un{uk eçbgrgno vsgrk a{ ogpka{ e‗{ok abugno rk sçvksb{uk ncdgiaungsklkou r{s dkr a{uskr abugnor/ Vas k}klvdk 8 d‗gousne{bugno e‗{o on{pka{ baoad ek egrusgc{ugno ª da caobarr{saobk º engu rk usae{gsk vas ek on{pkddkr vndgugq{kr æ koualks a{rrg cgko a{ ogpka{ e{ sçrka{ bdarrgq{k q{k da skvsçrkouaugno ekr vsne{gur n{ ek d‗aeavuaugno ekr uasg`r/
Da bnmçs bnmçskob kobk k ekr abugn abugnor or eaor eaor dk rkor rkor q{k dkr eg``çs eg``çskou koukr kr abugn abugnor or bnobksokou
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vsne{gu$ gu$
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egrusgc{ gc{ugno$
da
bnll{ogbaugno bnll{ogbaugno ku dk rkspgbk avsír pkouk$ oçbkrrguk {ok maslnograugno vas`aguk//
1/
Da vndgugq{k vsne{gu 8
Bnousagsklkou æ {o vsne{gu$ {o rkspgbk o‗kru var uaoigcdk$ o‗kru var runbjacdk$ o‗kru var ruaoeasegrç ku k}gik {ok bksuagok vasugbgvaugno ek d‗abmkuk{s$ bnllk b‗kru dk bar ekr arr{saobkr$ gd r‗aigu adnsr e‗abugpguçr q{g avvnsukou ekr apaouaikr ku ekr raugr`abugnor a{} bnornllauk{sr/ Dk bnornllauk{s çuaou æ da skbmksbmk e‗{ok n``sk rglvdk$ bnlvsçmkorgcdk æ rno bar$ dkr rnbgçuçr e‗arr{saobkr nou `agu {o sçkd k``nsu ek rglvdg`gbaugno ekr basabuçsgrugq{kr ukbmogq{kr ekr bnousaur e‗arr{saobkr/ Dk vsne{gu e‗arr{saobk$ bnllk un{u a{usk vsne{gu usapksrk eg``çskoukr çuavkr addaou ek da oagrraobk æ da rçokrbkobk ko varraou vas da bsngrraobk/ B‗kru vas savvnsu æ d‗çpnd{ugno e{ pnd{lk ekr pkoukr q{‗no eç`gogk dk bwbdk ek pgk e‗{o vsne{gu ek bnornllaugno/ Ko vsgobgvk dk bwbdk ek pgk bnlvnsuk 5 çuavkr 8 dk daobklkou$ da bsngrraobk$ da lau{sguç ku dk eçbdgo/ Lagr æ ba{rk ek dk{s gllauçsgadguç$ dkr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobkr$ ok r{gpkou var rnou vskrq{k gllçegauklkou caoadgrç$ ruaoeasegrç ku `a{uk ek vsnukbugno savgeklkou glguçk vas da 17
bnob{sskobk/ Gdr varrkou agorg e‗{ok csípk çuavk ek daobklkou æ {ok vmark ek eçpkdnvvklkou usír pasgacdk apaou e‗alnsbks {ok usír dnoi{k vçsgnek ek pgkgddgrrklkou/ ‣
Dkr eg``çskoukr `nslkr ekr vsne{gur k}gruaour r{s dk lasbmç
Dkr vsne{gur vsnvnrçr r{s dk lasbmç rnou egpksr ku pasgçr/ Onusk auukougno auukougno rksa nsgkouçk r{s dkr vsne{gur dkr vd{r bnllksbgadgrçr r{s dk lasbmç/
Skusaguk vas bavguadgraugno bavguadgrau gno æ rn{rbsgvugno rn{rbsgvug no bnddkbugpk n{ goegpge{kddk 8
D‗nchku vsgobgvad e‗{o ukd vsne{gu kru ek bnorugu{ks {ok skusagsk r{s da uèuk ku a{ vsn`gu ekr arr{sçr n{ a``gdgçr -r‗gd r‗aigu ek isn{vk'/ R‗gd r‗aigu e‗kouskvsgrk$ dk vagklkou ek da bnugraugno kru vsgr ko bmasik vas dkr ek{} vasugkr$ klvdnwk{sr ku radasgçr/ Rkdno {ok sçvasugugno bnopko{k e‗apa e‗apaobk obk$$ dkr bnugr bnugrau augno gnorr rnou rnou içoçs içoçsad adklk klkou ou {o vn{sbk vn{sbkou ouaik aik ek radag radagskr skr// Dkr Dkr vsne{g vsne{gur ur e‗çvasiok skusaguk n``ksur r{s dk lasbmç sçvnoekou a{ ckrngo ek rçb{sguç a{ vsn`gu e‗goegpge{r n{ ek isn{vkr ok egrvnrao egrvnraouu var ek bnousaur bnousaur rn{rbsgu rn{rbsgurr a{vsír ek da BGLS n{ krvçsaou krvçsaou ekr skusaguk skusagukrr vd{r bnorgrua bnorgruaoukr oukr// Dkr nsiaogrlk nsiaogrlkr$ r$ aelgogru aelgogrusaug saugnor nor ku vsn`krrgn vsn`krrgnor or dgc dgcçsad çsadkr kr rnou çiadklkou pgrçr vas bk uwvk ek vsne{gur/ Ek vd{r$ ko sagrno ekr vda`noer glvnrçr vas da BORR ku dk vda`noe vsgr ko bnorgeçsaugno vn{s dk badb{d ek da vkorgno$ da skusaguk bnlvdçlkouagsk usn{pk cgko ra sagrno e‗èusk/ Ko bar ek rn{rbsgvugno rn{rbsgvugno goegpge{kddk$ goegpge{kddk$ da bnugraugno bnugraugno kru `g}çk dgcsklkou dgcsklkou vas d‗arr{sç æ da eauk ek rn{rbsgvugno$ bnllk kddk vk{u èusk k}vsglçk ko vn{sbkouaik ek rno skpko{ aoo{kd/ Da `sçq{k `sçq{kob obkk ekr pksrkl pksrklkou kourr kru çiadk çiadklko lkouu `g}çk `g}çk dg dgcsk csklko lkou/u/ Gdr vk{pko vk{pkouu èusk èusk {og {ogq{k q{krr n{ r{bbkrrg`r -aoo{kdr n{ `sabugnooçr' n{ k}bkvugnookdr -dgcskr'/ Agorg$ a{ onl ek bmaq{k arr{sç$ gd rksa uko{ {o bnlvuk goegpge{kd r{s dkq{kd rnou pksrçkr dkr bnugraugnor bnugraugnor q{g rnou rnou bavguadgrçkr bavguadgrçkr a{ ua{} lgogl{l sçidklkouagsk sçidklkouagsk ek 2$3;+/ Ko vd{r ek da skpadnsgraugno skpadnsgraugno sçidklkouagsk lgogladk$ a{ 21 eçbklcsk ek bmaq{k aooçk$ d‗çvasiok bnorugu{çk bnorugu{çk cçoç`gbgk e‗{ok skpadnsgraugno r{vvdçlkouagsk a{ ugusk ek da vasugbgvaugno ekr arr{sçr a{} cçoç`gbkr sçadgrçr ku bk$ bno`nslçlkou a{} egrvnrgugnor ek d‗asugbdk 166 ek da dng o¶ 19,77 vnsuaou r{s dk bnek ekr arr{saobkr/ Bkr cçoç`gbkr vsnpgkookou ek da eg``çskobk kousk dk ua{} ek skoeklkou ek vdabklkour ku dk ua{} lgogl{l iasaoug/ Ko bar ek bkrraugno ek vagklkou ekr bnugraugnor vn{s q{kdq{kr ba{rkr q{k rk rngu$ d‗çvasiok bnougo{k æ cçoç`gbgks ek da skpadnsgraugno a{ ua{} lgogl{l sçidklkouagsk ku ek da vasugbgvaugno a{} cçoç`gbkr/ A{ ukslk ek bnousau$ da skusaguk kru dgq{geçk æ da eklaoek ek d‗a``gdgç/ Un{uk`ngr$ da dgq{geaugno ok vn{ssa apngs dgk{ uaou q{k d‗a``gdgç skruksa a{ rkspgbk ek da bnousabuaouk -klvdnwk{s'/ Dk lnouaou ek da skusaguk rksa lahnsç n{ lgonsç$ rkdno q{k bkddk,bg kru dgq{geçk avsír n{ apaou d‗ãik ek hn{grraobk ek da skusaguk$ æ rapngs 06 aor/ 36
Agorg$ æ rno eçvasu æ da skusaguk$ bmaq{k a``gdgç a dk bmng} kousk usngr nvugnor 8 ‣
Dk pksrklkou ek da unuadguç e{ bavguad bnorugu{ç :
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Dk pksrklkou e‗{ok skouk pgaiísk -sçpksrgcdk a{ vsn`gu e‗{o bnohngou dk bar çbmçaou' n{$ {ok skouk bksuagok vkoeaou {ok e{sçk eçukslgoçk :
‣
Da bnlcgoagrno kousk {o bavguad ku {ok skouk/
Vas agddk{sr$ e‗a{uskr e‗a{uskr `nslkr ek iasaougkr `ab{duaugpkr `ab{duaugpkr vk{pkou èusk vsnvnrçkr ko vasaddídk vasaddídk æ da iasaougk vsgobgvadk$ enou onuallkou {ok iasaougk e‗k}noçsaugno e{ vagklkou ekr vsglkr q{aoe d‗arr{sç kru auukgou e‗{ok gobavabguç unuadk ek usapagd/
Arr{saobk skouk çe{baugno 8
A{hn{ A{hn{se‗ se‗m{g m{g$$ d‗ko` d‗ko`aou aou kru kru ekpko{ ekpko{ {o bsçok bsçoka{ a{ pgrç pgrç vas dkr kouskv kouskvsgr sgrkr kr e‗arr{ e‗arr{sao saobk/ bk/ Dk rn{rbsgvuk{s$ q{g kru içoçsadklkou {o vaskou ek d‗ko`aou cçoç`gbgagsk$ bmngrgu dk lnouaou e{ bavguad n{ da skouk ku d‗ãik ek hn{grraobk ek da skouk/ Rnou aelgrrgcdkr æ bkuuk arr{saobk$ ko uaou q{‗arr{sçr$ dkr vksrnookr vmwrgq{kr ãiçkr a{ vd{r ek 06 aor/ Kddk kru rn{rbsguk a{ vsn`gu e‗{o ko`aou ko`aou ãiç ek lngor lngor ek 1= aor onlgoaugpk onlgoaugpklkou lkou eçrgioç eçrgioç r{s dk bnousau/ bnousau/ Ek{} nvugnor nvugnor rnou n``ksukr ku dk rn{rbsgvuk{s a dk bmng} kousk d‗çvasiok n{ da vsçpnwaobk/ D‗nvugno çvasiok
a vn{s nchku da bnorugu{ugno vas d‗arr{sç e‗{o `noe e‗çvasiok a{ vsn`gu ek
d‗ko`ao d‗ko`aouu cçoç`gbg cçoç`gbgagsk agsk// Dk vsne{gu iasaougu iasaougu$$ dnsrq{k dnsrq{k bkd{g,bg bkd{g,bg a{sa auukgou auukgou d‗ãik d‗ãik ek 1=aor$ dk pksrklkou e‗{o bavguad n{ e‗{ok skouk bksuagok vawacdk usglkrusgkddklkou vkoeaou {ok e{sçk eçukslgoçk e‗apaobk n{ dk lg}aik kousk dkr ek{} nvugnor/ Un{uk`ngr$ rg d‗ko`aou cçoç`gbgagsk eçbíek apaou dk ukslk `g}ç a{ bnousau$ d‗arr{sk{s pksrksa d‗çvasiok bnorugu{çk æ d‗arr{sç n{ æ rno awaou esngu/ [ok iasaougk `ab{duaugpk vk{u èusk çiadklkou n``ksuk ku bnorgruk$ ko bar ek eçbír n{ e‗gopadgeguç acrnd{k ku eç`gogugpk ek d‗arr{sç$ apaou dk ukslk e{ bnousau$ æ iasaougs d‗k}noçsaugno d‗k}noçsaugno e{ vagklkou ekr bnugraugnor bnugraugnor skruaou e{kr/ D‗çvasiok D‗çvasiok bnorugu{çk kru a{ilkouçk a{ilkouçk bmaq{k aooçk e{ vsne{gu ek bavguadgraugno a{ ua{} sçidklkouagsk ek 2$3;+$ ko vd{r e‗{ok lahnsaugno a{ ugusk ek da vasugbgvaugno ekr arr{sçr a{} cçoç`gbkr ukbmogq{kr ku `goaobgksr sçadgrçr/ No onuk$ un{u ek lèlk$ q{k d‗arr{sç a da `ab{duç ek eklaoeks æ un{u lnlkou dk sklcn{srklkou ek d‗çvasiok bnorugu{çk/ D‗nvugno vsçpnwaobk$
q{aoe æ kddk$ iasaougu$ ko bar ek eçbír n{ e‗gopadgeguç acrnd{k ku
eç`gogugpk ek d‗arr{sç$ apaou dk ukslk `g}ç a{ bnousau$ dk pksrklkou a{ vsn`gu ek d‗ko`aou cçoç`g cçoç`gbgag bgagsk sk e‗{ok skouk çe{baugn çe{baugnoo usglkrusg usglkrusgkddk kddk enou enou dk lnouaou lnouaou kru `g}ç a{ eçvasu æ da rn{rbsgvugno e{ bnousau/ D‗arr{sk{s bkrrk ek pksrks da skouk æ da eauk `g}çk a{ bnousau ku$ a{ vd{r uase$ dnsrq{k d‗ko`aou a{sa auukgou d‗ãik ek 3; aor/ Ko bar ek eçbír e{ cçoç`gbgagsk apaou dk 31
ukslk e{ bnousau$ dkr vsglkr vsglkr çbm{kr skrukou abq{grkr æ d‗arr{sk{s$ d‗arr{sk{s$ bas gd r‗aigu e‗{o bnousau æ `noer vkse{r/
Arr{saobk lg}uk æ rn{rbsgvugno rn{rbsgvug no goegpge{kddk 8
Bk vsne{gu iasaougu dk vagklkou a{} cçoç`gbgagskr eçrgioçr e‗{o bavguad bavguad a{ eçbír ek d‗arr{sç$ rg dk eçbír r{spgkou apaou dk ukslk e{ bnousau$ rngu a{ ukslk ek bnousau$ rg d‗arr{sç pgu æ bkuuk çvnq{k/ D‗arr{saobk D‗arr{saobk iasaougu un{r dkr sgrq{kr ek eçbír$ q{kddk q{‗ko rngu da ba{rk$ rn{r sçrkspk ekr sgrq{kr macgu{kddklkou k}bd{r e{ bmalv ek da iasaougk eçbír/ D‗arr{saobk lg}uk bnorugu{k da `nslk da vd{r bn{saouk ekr arr{saobkr ek bavgua{}/ D‗arr{sk{s vk{u bnorkougs ekr apaobkr ku ekr sabmaur/ Bnllk un{uk arr{saobk ko bar ek pgk$ dk bavguad arr{sç cçoç`gbgk$ cçoç`gbgk$ ko vd{r ek da skpadnsgraugno skpadnsgraugno sçidklkouagsk$ ek da vasugbgvaugno vasugbgvaugno ekr arr{sçr a{} cçoç`gbkr/ B‗kru {ok arr{saobk q{g kru vk{ rn{rbsguk ku rno vsg} skruk bmks/
Arr{saobk pgk kougísk æ rn{rbsgvu rn{rbsgvugno gno goegpge{kddk goegpge{kd dk 8
Bk uwvk ek bnousau bnorugu{k da ek{}gílk isaoek bauçinsgk e‗arr{saobk eçbír$ lagr ko sagrno e{ basabuísk bksuago e{ pksrklkou ek da vskruaugno$ gd bnorugu{k {ok rn{sbk e‗çvasiok dnoi{k/ Eaor dk baesk ek bkuuk arr{saobk$ d‗kouskvsgrk e‗arr{saobk iasaougu un{r dkr sgrq{kr ek eçbír$ q{kddk q{‗ko rngu da ba{rk$ rn{r sçrkspk ekr sgrq{kr k}bd{r/ D‗arr{saobk vnsuk r{s da e{sçk ek pgk ek d‗arr{sç ku iasaougu dk vagklkou e‗{o bavguad æ rno eçbír$ q{kd q{k rngu dk lnlkou ek ra r{spkoaobk/ Dk vagklkou kru bksuago ku dk rk{d adça vn{s d‗arr{sk{s kru da eauk e{ eçbír/ Da vsglk kru `g}çk$ dnsr ek da rn{rbsgvugno$ ko `nobugno ek d‗ãik ek d‗arr{sç ku e{ bavguad rn{rbsgu/ Bkd{g,bg vk{u bmngrgs ek vawks da vsglk vkoeaou {o bksuago onlcsk e‗aooçk 8 gd r‗aigu e‗{ok vsglk uklvnsagsk$ bnllk gd vk{u bmngrgs dk pksrklkou e{saou un{uk ra pgk 8 b‗kru {ok vsglk pgaiísk/ Dk lnouaou ek da vsglk kru bnorçq{kou ek da e{sçk ek pksrklkou bmngrgk/ Vas agddk{sr$ vn{s bn{psgs {o ckrngo lnlkouaoç ek dgq{geguç$ d‗arr{sk{s vk{u$ bnousagsklkou æ d‗arr{saobk uklvnsagsk a{ eçbír$ bnorkougs {ok apaobk ku bk$ bnousk vas`ngr {o ua{} e‗gouçsèu/ 3/
Da vndgugq{k vndgug q{k Vsg} 8
Eaor d‗auuabmklkou ekr bdgkour æ {ok bnlvaiogk e‗arr{saobk$ dk sõdk ekr rkspgbkr avvasaïu bnllk vasugb{dgísklkou glvnsuaou r{sun{u ko laugísk ek q{adguç ku ek skdaugnookd/ Dk vsg}$ kru rn{pkou gouksvsçuks vas dkr bdgkour bnllk {o goegbk ek q{adguç e{ rkspgbk/ Bkuuk Bkuuk bnlvnr bnlvnrao aouk uk e{ Lg},la Lg},lasjk sjkug ugoi oi kru kru eg``ç eg``çsko skouk uk rkdno rkdno q{‗gd q{‗gd r‗aigr r‗aigrrk rk ekr ekr vsne{g vsne{gur ur ncdgiaungskr ku sçidklkouçr n{ ek vsne{gur dgcçsadgrçr/
33
Dkr vsklgksr vsklgksr onuallko onuallkouu -Arr{saob -Arr{saobkk Abbgekou Abbgekou ek usapagd usapagd$$ Arr{saob Arr{saobkk Bmarrk$ Bmarrk$ arr{saob arr{saobkk skrvnoracgdguç skrvnoracgdguç bgpgdk ekr a{unlncgdkr' a{unlncgdkr' dk{s vsglk kru eçukslgoçk vas dkr vn{pngsr v{cdgbr rkdno dk baesk e{ bnek ekr arr{saobkr$ vn{s bk q{g kru ekr vsne{gur dgcçsadgrçr dk{s vsglk eklk{sk egbuçk vas da dgcsk bnob{sskobk kousk dkr bnlvaiogkr/ Eçr dnsr$ da vndgugq{k ek vsg} æ eú ukogs ko bnlvuk$ ko vd{r ek da sçidklkouaugno e‗{ok on{pkddk bnousagouk q{g kru da bnob{sskobk/ 1 da sçidklkouaugno
Dkr carkr ukbmogq{kr ekr uasg`r ekr bnousaur e‗arr{saobk rnou usír sçidklkouçkr ek `aéno æ iasao iasaoug ugss da rndge rndgegu guçç ekr bnlva bnlvaiog iogkr kr e‗arr e‗arr{sa {saobk obkr/ r/ Bnlvu Bnlvukk uko{$ uko{$ e‗{ok e‗{ok vasu vasu e{ eçbad eçbadaik aik uklvnskd kousk da vksbkvugno ekr vsglkr ku dkr eçbagrrklkour -dgçr æ da r{spkoaobk ekr rgogruskr n{ æ d‗çpçoklkou d‗çpçoklkou eçbdkobmaou eçbdkobmaou dkr vsglkr pgaiískr' ku e‗a{uskr e‗a{uskr vasu$ e{ basabuísk adçaungsk adçaungsk ek da r{spkoaobk ek bk{},bg$ gd k}gruk {o sgrq{k lahk{s ek la{pagrk çpad{augno vas dkr abu{agskr ekr sgrq{kr arr{lçr$ eaor dk bar ekr arr{saobkr eçbír$ q{g acn{ugsagu æ {ok rn{r `abu{saugno ekr vsglkr ku lkuusagu æ ukslk d‗arr{sk{s eaor d‗gobavabguç ek `agsk æ rkr koiaiklkour/ Vas agddk{sr$ dkr k}gikobkr ek `noer vsnvskr glvnrçkr vas da sçidklkouaugno a{} bnlvaiogkr e‗arr{saobkr oçbkrrgukou vn{s bkr bnlvaiogkr ek eçiaiks ekr lasikr r{``graoukr a`go e‗èusk ko lkr{sk e‗n``sgs {ok sçl{oçsaugno raugr`agraouk a{} abugnooagskr q{g nou lgr ekr `noer vsnvskr æ egrvnrgugno ek da bnlvaiogk/ 3 da bnob{sskobk
Ekpko{ {o lasbmç usír bnob{sskougkd vas da dgcçsadgraugno ekr uasg`r$ d‗arr{saobk kru kousçk eaor dk vsnbkrr{r ek bnob{sskobk kousk dkr sçrka{} ek egrusgc{ugno ko ukslk ek vsg} b)kru,æ,egsk ek skouacgdguç vn{s dk bdgkou/ Ko k``ku$ eaor da umçnsgk e{ lasbmç ek bnob{sskobk$ dk bdgkou kru r{vvnrç pn{dngs dk vsg} dk vd{r car ku da sçl{oçsaugno da vd{r çdkpçk ek rno çvasiok/ E‗n÷ d‗gouçisaugno ek bkuuk on{pkddk bnlvnraouk eaor d‗çdacnsaugno ek da vndgugq{k ek vsg} q{g kru da bnob{sskobk/ A{ ogpka{ e{ lasbmç ek d‗arr{saobk$ da bnob{sskobk agorg q{k da vksrvkbugpk e{ lasbmç a kousaïoç {ok cagrrk rkorgcdk ekr bnúur e‗goukslçegaugno$ ku ko vasugb{dgks ekr bmasiklkour ek ikrugno ku ek bnllksbgadgraugno/ bnllksbgadgraugno/ Rkdno dkr vsne{gur$ dk ua{} ek bkr bmasiklkour pasgk kousk 3+ ku 0+ e{ lnouaou ekr vsglkr pksrçkr/ Dk vn{sbkouaik ekr bmasiklkour ek ikrugno kru ko vsgobgvk dgcsklkou `g}ç vas d‗arr{sk{s/ Un{uk`ngr$ d‗gorus{bugno O¶36 e{ Lgogruísk ekr `goaobkr vsçpngu {o la}gl{l ek 36+ ekr vsglkr pksrçkr/ 2/
Da vndgugq{k ek egrusgc{ugno egrusgc{ug no 8
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Bnllk eaor un{u lasbmç bnob{sskougkd$ n÷ r‗k}ksbk d‗çdarugbguç vsg} e{ vsne{gu vn{s dk bnornllauk{s/ Da q{krugno e‗k``gbabguç ek egrusgc{ugno rk vnrk/ Ko k``ku$ dk bmng} ekr baoa{} ek egrusgc{ugno bnorugu{k d‗{ok ekr eçbgrgnor dkr vd{r glvnsuaoukr ko lasjkugoi ekr arr{saobkr v{grq{k da oau{sk ekr baoa{} a {ok gobgekobk r{s un{ukr dkr a{uskr eçbgrgnor e{ Lg},lasjkugoi/ D‗goukspkougno ek vd{rgk{sr baoa{} eaor da egrusgc{ugno ekr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobkr oçbkrrguk dk eçpkdnvvklkou e‗{ok sç`dk}gno lasjkugoi q{g rngu ko lkr{sk ek r‗aeavuks æ bmaq{k rkilkou ek bdgkouídk/ Ko laugísk e‗arr{saobkr no vk{u egrugoi{ks ek{} rkilkour rusauçigq{kr 1 8 ,Vasugb{dgksr ku vsn`krrgnookdr 8 bk lasbmç rk bnlvnrk ek da bdgkouídk æ skpko{r lnwkor ku sçi{dgksr ,Kouskvsgrkr$ isn{vkr rnbgnvsn`krrgnookddkr rnbgnvsn`krrgnookddkr ku vasugb{dgksr vasugb{dgksr æ ma{ur skpko{r Da egrusgc{ugno ekr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk rk `agu vas dkr vsgobgva{} baoa{} r{gpaour 8 Dk sçrka{ ek egrusgc{ugno bdarrgq{k ku dk sçrka{ caobagsk bnorugu{kou ek{} rkilkour ek lasbmç unuadklkou eg``çskour/ Çuao Çuaouu enoo enooçç dkr dkr rvçb rvçbg` g`gb gbgu guçr çr e{ rkil rkilko kouu bdgk bdgkou ouíd ídkk ek larr larrkk n{ isao isaoee v{cd v{cdgb gb$$ da bnllksbgadgraugno ekr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk -ruaoeasegrçkr ku rglvdk' pga da caobarr{saobk avvasaïu da vd{r aeavuçk vas savvnsu æ da egrusgc{ugno bdarrgq{k/ Bk on{pka{ baoad vkslku e‗auukgoesk {ok vnv{daugno usír dasik ku egpksrg`gç æ {o lgogl{l ek bnúur/ Ko skpaobmk$ dk sçrka{ ekr bn{sugksr ku aikour e‗arr{saobk -sçrka{ bdarrgq{k' bnopgkou dk lgk{} a{} rvçbg`gbguçr e{ rkilkou ekr kouskvsgrkr ku vasugb{dgksr æ ma{ur skpko{r ku vn{s dkrq{kdr gd bnopgkou e‗avvnsuks {o rkspgbk ma{uklkou vksrnooadgrç ku ekr vsne{gur r{s lkr{sk/ 1,Dk sçrka{ bdarrgq{k bdarrg q{k 8
Eaor ra `nslk abu{kddk ku a`go ek sklvdgs k``gbabklkou ra lgrrgno$ {ok lgrk æ ogpka{ kru æ nvçsks a{ rkgo e{ sçrka{ bdarrgq{k/ N{usk {ok cnook `nsbk ek pkouk$ gd kru avvkdç æ hn{ks vdkgoklkou rno sõdk e‗arr{sk{s bnorkgd ku r{sun{u èusk æ d‗çbn{uk ek rkr bdgkour/ Da pkouk vas bk baoad k}gik ekr bnllksbga{} {ok laïusgrk e{ `nobugnooklkou ukbmogq{k ku h{sgegq{k ekr vsne{gur/ No egrugoi{k kousk 8 ,
Dk sçrka sçrka{{ e‗aiko e‗aikour ur 8 bmaq{ bmaq{kk bnlva bnlvaiog iogkk e‗arr{ e‗arr{sao saobk bk e‗aiko e‗aikour ur içoçsa içoçsa{} {} aisçk aisçkrr egrvksrçr r{s un{u dk ukssgungsk eaor ekr aiidnlçsaugnor ku ekr pgddkr/
,
Dk sçrka sçrka{{ ekr bn{sug bn{sugksr ksr : æ da eg``çs eg``çskob kobkk ekr aikou aikour$ r$ q{g skvsçr skvsçrkou koukou kou {ok rk{dk rk{dk bnlvaiogk$ dkr bn{sugksr vk{pkou pkoesk ekr bnousaur ek vd{rgk{sr bnlvaiogkr ku agorg
1
35
`agsk cçoç`gbgks cçoç`gbgks dk{sr bdgkour ekr lkgddk{sr uasg`r ko bmngrgrraou d‗n``sk ek da bnlvaiogk da vd{r bnlvçugugpk/ ,
Dk sçrk sçrka{ a{ ek c{sk c{ska{ a{}} egsk egskbu burr 8 rk rnou rnou ekr ekr bacg bacgok okur ur içsç içsçrr egsk egskbu bukl klko kouu vas vas dkr dkr bnlvaiogkr e‗arr{saobk/ Gdr rk basabuçsgrkou vas dk{s onlcsk dglguç/
Vn{s Vn {s bnou bnousg sgc{ c{ks ks k``g k``gba babk bklk lkou ou a{ eçpk eçpkdn dnvv vvkl klko kouu ek d‗n` d‗n``s `skk vsne vsne{g {guu e‗ar e‗arr{ r{sa saob obk$ k$ dkr dkr goukslçegagskr engpkou `n{sogs {o pçsguacdk rkspgbk ek sklnouçk e‗go`nslaugno ko egskbugno ek d‗kou d‗kouskv skvsgr sgrkk q{g q{g$$ vn{s vn{s arr{s arr{sks ks {ok lkgdd lkgddk{ k{sk sk sçabu sçabugpg gpguç uç eng enguu egrvn egrvnrks rks ek baoadg baoadgra raug ugno no ku e‗aoadwrk/
3,Da caobarr{saobk caobarr{ saobk 8
Bkuuk abugpguç ek egrusgc{ugno rk eç`gogk bnllk çuaou da eg``{rgno ekr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk vas dk sçrka{ caobagsk a{ vsn`gu ek ra bdgkouídk ku vn{s dk bnlvuk ekr kouskvsgrkr e‗arr{saobk q{g vk{pkou èusk `gdgadkr n{ rglvdk vasukoagskr ekr caoq{kr/ Çuaou enooç q{k dk baesk h{sgegq{k kru ekpko{ `apnsacdk$ da caobarr{saobk rk vsçrkouk bnllk dk baoad dk vd{r avvsnvsgç vn{s dk eçpkdnvvklkou ekr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk onuallkou r{s dk rkilkou ekr vasugb{dgksr a skpko{r lnwkor ku sçi{dgksr/ Gd r‗aigu ekr vsne{gur skdaug`r æ d‗arr{saobk pgk$ ekr vsne{gur ek bavguadgraugno -çvasiok skusaguk$ bavguad çe{baugno//' ku dkr l{dugsgrq{kr macguaugnor/ Q{kdq{kr bnlvaiogkr q{g egrusgc{kou dk{sr vsne{gur pga dk sçrka{ caobagsk 8 Ya`a Arr{saobk A}a Arr{saobk Lasnb BOGA Da lasnbagok Pgk
Auughasg Ya`a CLBG Caoq{k vnv{dagsk RILC
Ko k``ku$ da caobarr{saobk vsçrkouk vn{s dk rkbuk{s ekr arr{saobkr dkr lkgddk{skr vksrvkbugpkr ek eçpkdnvvklkou/ Dkr kouskvsgrkr ek rkspgbkr rnou ko bnouabu egskbu apkb dk bdgkou$ bnousagsklkou æ d‗kouskvsgrk goe{rusgkddk goe{rusgkddk n÷ dk bdgkou o‗a ek bnouabu q{‗apkb da v{cdgbguç n{ d‗asugbdk abmkuç/ D‗gllauçsgadguç ek d‗nchku ek da eçvkork içoísk {o sgrq{k q{g ok vk{u èusk sçe{gu q{k vas da vksbkvugno vksbkvugno e‗a{uskr çdçlkour lauçsgkdr skdaug`r æ da vsne{bugno e{ rkspgbk 8 d‗kouskvsgrk ek rkspgbk b)kru,æ,egsk dk r{vvnsu vmwrgq{k -cãuglkour$ eçbns$ çq{gvklkour†' ku dk vksrnookd ko bnouabu apkb dk v{cdgb/
3;
Dkr baoa{} ek egrusgc{ugno egrusgc{ugno vk{pkou vsnb{sks {o apaouaik bnob{sskougkd e{sacdk bas gd bnorugu{k bnorugu{k dk rk{d çdçlkou sçkd ek eg``çskobgaugno korkgiokr eaor {o rkbuk{s basabuçsgrç vas da caoadgraugno ekr vsne{gur ku vas {ok bnob{sskobk ekr vsg} kobnsk çlksikouk/ Dkr eçukslgoaour ek da vndgugq{k ek egrusgc{ugno rnou eç`gogr vas d‗aoadwrk e{ lasbmç rkspg$ q{g vk{u èusk skbdarrç ko ek{} isaoekr bauçinsgkr 8 dk lasbmç ek larrk ku dk lasbmç goegpge{kd/ Da vsklgísk eklaoek ekr vsne{gur rglvdkr lagr vsçrkouk ekr k}gikobkr vasugb{dgískr ko ukslkr ek bnúur ku ek vks`nsla vks`nslaobk/ obk/ Gd skq{gksu skq{gksu a{rrg a{rrg {ok eçbkousa eçbkousadgr dgraugn augnoo içnisavmg içnisavmgq{k q{k ek d‗n``sk d‗n``sk$$ ekr rkspgbkr rkspgbkr ruaoeasegrçr ku auusabug`r agorg q{‗{o gopkrugrrklkou v{cdgbguagsk glvnsuaou/ Dk rkbnoe$ dk lasbmç goegpge{kd$ goegpge{kd$ kru bnlvnrç ek eklaoekr vk{ onlcsk{rkr lagr ek pnd{lkr r{``grallkou vn{s h{rug`gks {o usaguklkou vksrnooadgrç ku {ok n``sk ek rkspgbkr ku ek bnorkgdr ª r{s lkr{sk º/ Dkr Dkr baoa{} baoa{} ek egrusg egrusgc{u c{ugn gnoo eng engpk pkou ou èusk èusk bnoé{ bnoé{rr bnllk bnllk ekr lnwko lnwkorr e‗abb e‗abbsnï snïusk usk ek da egrvnogcgdguç ku e‗aeavuks dkr rkspgbkr a`go ek raugr`agsk dkr bdgkour abu{kdr ku ek eçpkdnvvks dk{s {ugdgraugno vn{s dkr on{pka{} bdgkour/ 5/
Da vndgugq{k ek Bnll{ogbaugno Bnll{ogbaugn o 8
D‗abugpguç lasjkugoi ok rk dglguk var æ d‗çdacnsaugno e‗{o vsne{gu n{ rkspgbk ku a{ bmng} e‗{o baoad ek egrusgc{ugno/ Rg {ok bnlvaiogk e‗arr{saobk pk{u addks a{ ekdæ e‗{o bn{saou ek pkoukr rvnouaoçkr rvnouaoçkr ek rkr vsne{gur kddk engu bnobkpngs ku usaorlkuusk ekr go`nslaugnor r{s rkr vsne{gur$ dk{sr basabuçsgrugq{kr basabuçsgrugq{kr ku dk{sr apaouaikr vas savvnsu æ da bnob{sskobk vn{s dk lasbmç bgcdk/ Da vndgugq{k ek bnll{ogbaugno æ lkuusk ko Œ{psk eaor dk baesk ekr arr{saobkr ncçgu a{} vsgobgvkr q{g basabuçsgrkou ko içoçsad un{uk abugpguç ek rkspgbkr/ Bkuuk bnll{ogbaugno engu pgrks ek{} bgcdkr 8 d‗{ok k}uksok bnlvnrçk ekr bdgkour abu{kdr ku vnukougkdr ku d‗a{usk gouksok q{g bnlvskoe d‗korklcdk ekr {oguçr ek sçrka{/ Bkuuk bnll{ogbaugno æ en{cdk pngk skpèu çiadklkou {o en{cdk arvkbu 8 Kddk vk{u èusk gorugu{ugnookddk$ eaor da lkr{sk n÷ bkuuk eksogísk skvnrk rn{pkou r{s d‗glaik ek lasq{k bnlcgoçk bnlvaiogk.vsne{gur/ Kddk sarrklcdk un{ukr dkr abugnor gouksokr ku k}uksokr bkousçkr r{s d‗gorugu{ugno/ Da bnll{ogbaugno vk{u èusk çiadklkou go`nslaugpk b)kru,æ,egsk go`nslks dkr bdgkour r{s da bsçaugno n{ d‗k}grukobk ek rkspgbkr on{pka{} n{ alçdgnsçr/ Vn{s bmab{o ek bkr uwvkr ek bnll{ogbaugno$ gd rklcdk glvnsuaou q{k dkr lkrraikr rngkou pçmgb{dçr pksr dkr ek{} bgcdkr 8 gouksok ku k}uksok/ Bk eçrgs ek rk lkuusk æ da vnsuçk e{ bdgkou vkslku ek bnorus{gsk {ok bnll{ogbaugno bnll{ogbaugno k}uksok d{g vkslkuuaou e‗{ok vasu ek iaioks ko bdasuç ku e‗a{usk vasu e‗çuacdgs {ok skdaugno ek bno`gaobk ku
30
ek vsn}glguç$ ek padnsgrks dk rkspgbk skoe{ ku agorg ek lgk{} `agsk abbkvuks da padk{s e{ bnorkgd ku dk vsg} e{ rkspgbk/ D‗k``gbabguç e‗{ok balvaiok ek bnll{ogbaugno k}uksok kru rn{pkou e{k æ da vsçvasaugno vsçadacdk e‗{ok cnook vndgugq{k ek bnll{ogbaugno gouksok Ko k``ku$ vn{s dk daobklkou e‗{o vsne{gu e‗arr{saobk$ dk lnwko ek bnll{ogbaugno vsgpgdçigç vas dkr bnlvaiogkr e‗arr{saobkr kru da v{cdgbguç onuallkou da vskrrk ku da saegn/ Dk sõdk krrkougkd ek da v{cdgbguç kru ek `agsk abbsnïusk dk vsne{gu$ e‗çpkgddks dk eçrgs ku ek bnopagobsk/ D‗gouçi D‗gouçisaug saugno no ek d‗korklc d‗korklcdk dk e{ vksrnook vksrnookdd ek da bnlvaiog bnlvaiogkk e‗arr{sao e‗arr{saobk$ bk$ ekv{gr ekv{gr dk rgíik rgíik h{rq{‗a{} goukslçegagskr e‗arr{saobk ku bn{sugksr$ bnorugu{k {ok bnoegugno goegrvkoracdk vn{s sçadgrks {ok cnook bnll{ogbaugno pksr dk v{cdgb/ A`go ek vaspkogs æ bkuuk `go$ vd{rgk{sr lnwkor vk{pkou èusk lgr ko Œ{psk a{ rkgo e‗{ok bnlvaiogk e‗arr{saobk 8 ,
Sko`nsbks bmkx dk vksrnookd dk rkouglkou e‗avvasukoaobk æ d‗kouskvsgrk -bnddkbuk ekr r{iikrugnor$ hn{soa{} kouskvsgrk†'
,
Lnugpks Lnugpks dkr baeskr baeskr vn{s èusk ekr skdagr skdagr ek bnll{ogb bnll{ogbaugn augnoo -`nslaug -`nslaugno no rvçbg`g rvçbg`gq{k$ q{k$ sç{ognor sçi{dgískr e‗go`nslaugno†'
,
Bnll{ogq{ks apkb dk sçrka{ -sç{ognor apkb dkr skrvnoracdkr ekr vngour ek pkouk///'
Da bnmçskobk kru da bnoegugno oçbkrragsk vn{s arr{sks {ok k``gbabguç ku {ok rwoksigk æ d‗korklcdk e{ vsnbkrr{r ek bnll{ogbaugno/ Dkr sçr{duaur `goaobgksr bnorugu{kou çiadklkou {o vgpnu ek da bnll{ogbaugno k}uksok$ bk{},bg engpkou sk`dçuks da cnook raouç ek da bnlvaiogk/ Gdr rnou vksé{r bnllk {o çdçlkou lahk{s ek eg``çskobgaugno/ eg``çskobgaugno/ Ko k``ku da vksbkvugno q{k dkr eg``çskour eg``çskour nvçsauk{sr nou ek da rnbgçuç go`d{k r{s dkr `d{bu{augnor ek rno ugusk ko cn{srk/ Da bnll{ogbaugno `goaobgísk rksu æ cãugs {ok `nsuk glaik q{g engu èusk psagk ku maslnogk{rk/
39
Çu{ek ek Bar 8 A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb
1, Vsçrko Vsçrkouau uaugno gno ek ek da bnlva bnlvaio iogk8 gk8
A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb kru oçk ko 3666 ek da `{rgno kousk A]A Ad Alaok ku da Bnlvaiogk A`sgbagok e)Arr{saobkr/ @nsuk ek rkr ;66 bnddacnsauk{sr ku 169 aikour içoçsa{}$ kddk bnddacnsk çiadklkou apkb 0; bn{sugksr vasukoagskr/ vasukoagskr/ A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb n``sk {ok iallk bnlvdíuk ek vsne{gur bnobksoaou d)korklcdk ekr sgrq{kr ekr vasugb{dgksr ku ekr kouskvsgrkr/ Da Bnlvaiogk nvísk rkdno {o vsgobgvk rglvdk 8 bmaq{k q{krugno$ vsnhku$ ckrngo vnobu{kd n{ æ dnoi ukslk engu usn{pks {ok sçvnork æ usapksr d‗çbn{uk$ dk bnorkgd ku da raugr`abugno e{ bdgkou/ A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb r)kru `g}çk 2 a}kr rusauçigq{kr 8 ‣ Abbçdçsks rno eçpkdnvvklkou eçpkdnvvklkou ‣ Alçdgnsks ra skouacgdguç skouacgdguç ‣ Rk eg``çskobgks vas ra q{adguç ek rkspgbk Abbçdçsks rno eçpkdnvvklkou ko 8
‣ çuaou {ok rnbgçuç l{dug,baoad ek egrusgc{ugno$ ‣ alçdgnsaou da vsne{bugpguç bnllksbgadk ekr egrusgc{uk{sr$ ‣ awaou 16 on{pka{} aikour vas ao$ ‣ daoéaou ek on{pka{} vsne{gur w bnlvsgr dkr vsne{gur Uaja`{d/ Alçdgnsks ra skouacgdguç vas 8
‣ D‗abbsngrrklkou ek ra vsne{bugpguç isãbk æ da sk`nouk ek rno rwruílk GU$ 3=
‣ D‗alçdgnsaugno ek rkr sçr{duaur ukbmogq{kr eaor bksuagokr csaobmkr/ Rk eg``çskobgks vas ra q{adguç ek rkspgbk ko 8
‣ eçpkdnvvaou {ok b{du{sk ek —rkspgbk bdgkou“$ ‣ skpgrguaou rkr vsnbkrr apkb A]A YAW$ ‣ alçdgnsaou rkr vasukoasgaur$ vasukoasgaur$ ‣ bnorndgeaou rkr koiaiklkour ek rkspgbk 8 bmaq{k egskbugno e‗A]A Arr{saobk
A, Vnukougkd ek Bsngrraobk 8
D‗arr{sk{s A]A gorgruk r{s dk `agu q{k d‗arr{saobk pgk a{ Lasnb kru {ok abugpguç q{g rk eçpk eçpkdn dnvv vvkk `apn `apnsa sacd cdkl klko kouu ku a``g a``gsl slkk q{k q{k d‗ar d‗arr{ r{sa saob obkk pgk pgk kru kru {o lasb lasbmç mç q{g q{g vsçr vsçrko kouk uk e‗glvnsuaoukr nvvnsu{oguçr ek eçpkdnvvklkou ku {o `nsu vnukougkd ek bsngrraobk / Bk vnukougkd vk{u èusk {ugdgrç$ e‗{ok vasu eaor dk baesk ek eçpkdnvvklkou kopgraiç vn{s dkr vsne{gur ekr bnlv bnlvai aiog ogkr kr ku e‗a{ e‗a{us uskk vasu vasu$$ eaor eaor dk baes baeskk e{ eçpk eçpkdn dnvv vvkl klko kouu ek on{p on{pka ka{} {} vsne vsne{g {gur ur e‗arr{saobkr skousaou eaor rno bmalv e‗abugno/ Ek lèlk$ d‗arr{saobk pgk kru d‗{ok ekr csaobmkr q{g vk{u w bnousgc{ks dk vd{r ko d‗k}grukobk ekr ekr gobgu gobguaug augnor nor `grba `grbadkr dkr r{``g r{``grao raoukr ukr// Ko vd{r vd{r ek d‗asr d‗asrkoa koadd h{sge h{sgegq{ gq{kk sçigrr sçigrraou aou d‗abu d‗abugp gpguç guç e‗ar e‗arr{s r{saob aobkr kr pgk a{ Lasnb$ Lasnb$ bnoru bnorugu gu{k {k {o çdçlk çdçlkou ou `apns `apnsac acdk dk eaor eaor da rus{bu rus{bu{sa {saug ugno no ku da lneksograugno e{ rkbuk{s/ E‗avsír d‗arr{sk{s dkr nvvnsu{oguçr nvvnsu{oguçr e{ lasbmç ek d‗arr{saobk pgk vk{pkou rk vsçrkouks bnllk r{gu 8 Abbkou{augno e{ rkouglkou ek ckrngo ek rçb{sguç a{ ogpka{ vksrnookd$ vsn`krrgnookd ku `algdgad [o bdglau ek bnob{sskobk ek vd{r ko vd{r rago ku usaorvaskou ko p{k ek pgpsk {ok on{pkddk ísk ek bnlvçugugno bnlvçugugno uasg`agsk/ Ko k``ku$ da bnob{sskobk kru {ok aslk æ en{cdk usaobmaou$ kddk vk{u èusk a{rrg cgko {ok rn{sbk ek lkoabkr q{‗{ok rn{sbk e‗nvvnsu{oguçr/
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Da dgcçsadgraugno ekr uasg`r vkslkuusa a{} rnbgçuçr e‗arr{saobkr ek hn{ks r{s dkr pasgacdkr e{ lasjkugoi nvçsaugnookd ko p{k ek sçvnoesk a{} lgk{} a{} l{dugvdkr auukoukr ek dk{s bdgkouídk/ Da caobarr{saobk 8 {o pkbuk{s r{rbkvugcdk ek vsnln{pngs da vçoçusaugno ek on{pka{} rkilkour un{bmçr vas dkr vsne{gur caobagskr/ Bnobksoaou dk vnge vngerr ek d‗arr d‗arr{s {sao aobk bk pgk pgk eaor eaor dk bmg`` bmg``sk sk e‗a`` e‗a``ags agskr kr idn idncad cad e‗A]A e‗A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb$ gd nbb{vk 35$;+ ko 3660/ D‗arr{sk{s a``gslk q{k bkuuk csaobmk nbb{vk {ok vdab vdabkk ono oçidg oçidgik ikacd acdkk eaor eaor dk bmg`` bmg``sk sk e‗a``a e‗a``agsk gsk idn idncad cad$$ bkvkoe bkvkoeaou aou kddk kddk eklk{ eklk{sk sk glvabuçk vas da vn{sr{guk e{ usaor`ksu e‗{ok vasugk e{ vnsuk`k{gddk caobarr{saobk/ caobarr{sao bk/ C, Dkr çdçlkour vsçadacdkr æ d‗çdacnsaugno d‗çdacnsau gno ek da rusauçigk 8 a, Da Bnob{sskobk Bnob{sskobk
Dk sçr{duau dk vd{r glvnsuaou vnsuk r{s dk `agu q{k d‗n``sk kru q{arglkou da lèlk vasun{u/ [ok isaoek rglgdgu{ek rk eçiaik æ da dkbu{sk ekr eg``çskour vsne{gur/ Bkuuk rglgdgu{ek vnrk dk vsncdílk ek eg``çskougaugno eg``çskougaugno ek d‗n``sk vas savvnsu æ da bnob{sskobk$ bkddk,bg ok rk `agu var æ vasugs ekr basabuçsgrugq{kr basabuçsgrugq{kr vsnvskr a{} vsne{gur vsne{gur -gdr nou vskrq{k un{r gekougq{kr'/ gekougq{kr'/ Kddk rk `agu vd{uõu r{s da cark ekr vasalíuskr skdaug`r æ da bnll{ogbaugno$ a{ sçrka{ ku æ da q{adguç e{ rkspgbk/
Rn{sbk 8 Savvnsu e‗A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb 3660
A{ ogpka{ bnllksbgad$ da dgcçsadgraugno ekr uasg`r a koikoesç {ok k}abkscaugno ek da bnob{sskobk$ abbkou{çk vas dkr eg``gb{duçr ek skbn{psklkou ekr vsglkr a``kbuaou$ e‗{ok vasu$ vasu$ da bavab bavabgu guçç e‗gopk e‗gopkrug rugrrk rrklko lkouu ekr bnlva bnlvaiog iogkr kr ku dkr dkr ncd ncdgi gikao kaou$u$ e‗a{u e‗a{usk sk vasu$ vasu$ æ bnorugu{ks bnorugu{ks e‗glvnsuaoukr vsnpgrgnor vn{s da bn{pksu{sk ekr bsçaobkr ko rn{``saobk/ c,Da rkilkouaugno 8
A}a arr{saobk Lasnb rkilkouk rno lasbmç ko ek{} isn{vkr æ rapngs 8 ‣
Dkr vasugb{dgksr ku dkr vsn`krrgnor dgcçsadkr
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Dkr kouskvsgrkr VLK.VLG ku dkr asugraor ku bnllkséaour
Dk uacdka{ bg,ekrr{r gdd{rusk dkr rkilkour eçukbuçr ku dkr vsne{gur n``ksur 8
Uacdka{ 3 8 Rkilkour eçukbuçr .vsne{gur n``ksur
Vsne{gur
Rkilkour
Kvasiok skusaguk
Vasugb{dgksr
Kvasiok Ke{baugno
Vasugb{dgksr$ Vasugb{dgksr$ Vsn`krrgnor dgcçsadkr
Vabj vsçpnwaobk
VLK.VLG$ Bnllkséaour ku Asugraor
Gd bnopgkou ek rgioadks q{k vn{s egaionrugq{ks dkr ba{rkr e‗goraugr`abugno ekr bdgkour$ A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb vsnbíek æ ekr ukbmogq{kr vkslkuuaou ek lkr{sks da raugr`abugno ekr bdgkour onuallkou d‗koq{èuk ek raugr`abugno/ Bkuuk eksogísk d{g vkslku ek 8 ‣
Vsçbgrks dkr eg``gb{duçr çvsn{pçkr vas dkr bdgkour ku ono kobnsk sçidçkr :
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Ek egaionrugq{ks dkr ba{rkr gouksokr skrvnoracdkr ek d‗goraugr`abugno -gor{``graobk ek lnwkor lauçsgkdr ku m{lagor$ eç`agddaobk ek bksuagokr vsnbçe{skr†' :
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Ek bnobkpngs ekr goegbauk{sr ek skoeklkou :
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Ek rk vnrgugnooks vas savvnsu æ da bnob{sskobk r{s da vksbkvugno ek da q{adguç/
b, Da vsaugq{k ekr çu{ekr ek lasbmç 8
Dnsr e{ daobklkou ekr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk,pgk$ A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb vsnbíek a{ vsçadacdk pga rno kouguç lasjkugoi æ {ok çu{ek ek lasbmç eaor dk c{u e‗çu{egks ku ek bnooaïusk dkr ckrngor ek ra bdgkouídk ko laugísk ek bn{pksu{sk ku vn{s aoadwrks d‗n``sk k}gruaouk ko da laugísk/ Vn{s acn{ugs æ {ok çu{ek ek lasbmç `gacdk$ onusk bnlvaiogk eçbdask klvdnwks ekr lnwkor ku lçumnekr r{gpaoukr 8 ‣
Dk vnsuk`k{gddk bdgkouídk b)kru,æ,egsk dkr bdgkour eçhæ abq{gr :
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Çu{ek ekr ruaugrugq{kr a{rrg cgko q{aouguaugpkr q{k q{adguaugpkr :
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Cko Ckobmla bmlasj sjggoi n{ d‗aoad oadwrk wrk bnl nlva vasa sauugpk q{g bno bnorgru rgrukk æ rk bnlv lvaasks sks bnougo{kddklkou æ e‗a{uskr bnlvaiogkr$ vn{s rk skorkgioks r{s dkr vsgobgvkr$ dkr vndgugq{kr$ dkr vsaugq{kr ku dkr lkr{skr q{g ageksnou d‗nsiaograugno æ vskoesk ekr lnwkor vn{s alçdgnsks rno skoeklkou/
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D‗aoadwrk bnob{sskougkdd bnob{sskougkddkk q{g vnsuk {ogq{klkou {ogq{klkou r{s dkr lkr{skr ek skoeklkou$ æ da eg``çskobk ek d‗aoadwrk bnlvasaugpk q{g vnsuk a{rrg r{s dkr vsaugq{kr ku dkr n{ugdr/
e, d‗K``gbabguç d‗K``gbabgu ç ek da rusauçigk rusauçigk lasjkugoi lasjku goi r{s dk r{bbír bnllksbgad 8
Dk r{bbír bnllksbgad e‗A]A Arr{saobk Lasnb kru eú krrkougkddklkou a{ `agu q{‗kddk `nbadgrk rno eçpkdnvvklkou eçpkdnvvklkou r{s dkr rkilkour dkr vd{r skouacdkr skouacdkr ku bmksbmk ko vkslaokobk æ sko`nsbks ra vnrgugno r{s dkr lasbmçr eçpkdnvvçr n{ æ `nsu vnukougkd/ Eaor Eaor bkuuk bkuuk vksrv vksrvkb kbug ugpk$ pk$ A}a r‗kru r‗kru `g}ç `g}ç ; vsgnsg vsgnsguç uçrr nvçsau nvçsaugn gnook ookdd ddkr$ kr$ ; abbçdç abbçdçsau sauk{s k{srr ek bmaoiklkour$ cavugrçr dkr ª ; bwdgoeskr º/ ‣
ª D‗goonpaugno vsne{gur º 8 Bsguísk ek eg``çskobgaugno eg``çskobgaugno vas savvnsu æ da bnob{sskobk
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ª da ukbmogq{k lçugks º 8 Bnorgruk ko d‗n``sk e{ lkgddk{s rkspgbk a{ lkgddk{s vsg}/
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ª da ikrugno ek da egrusgc{ugno º 8 A{usk bsguísk ek eg``çskougaugno q{g vkslku a{ egrusgc{uk{s ek `agsk vd{r ek pkoukr ku lngor e‗aelgogrusaug`/
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ª da q{adguç ek rkspgbk º 8 Da bnlvaiogk kru nsgkouçk pksr da raugr`abugno e{ bdgkou/
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ª da vsne{bugpguç º 8 Bnorgruk ko da cagrrk ekr bnúur ku d‗alçdgnsaugno ek da q{adguç ku bk ek laogísk vkslaokouk/
Gd ko skrrnsu q{k d‗k}bkddkobk nvçsaugnookddk kru dgçk æ vd{rgk{sr `abuk{sr n{usk da rusauçigk lasjkugoi/ B, Dk Lg} lasjkugo lasjk ugoi i8 a, Dk vsne{gu vsne {gu 8
Dkr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk,pgk bnllksbgadgrçr bnllksbgadgrçr r{s dk lasbmç ok vsçrkoukou idncadklkou a{b{ok eg``çskougaugno eg``çskougaugno og goonpaugno vas savvnsu æ da bnob{sskobk/ Bkvkoeaou da eg``çskougaugno e‗A]A sçrgek r{s e‗a{uskr vasalíuskr onuallkou skdaug`r skdaug`r a{ sçrka{$ æ da bnll{ogbaugno ku æ da q{adguç e{ rkspgbk/ c, Dk vsg} vsg } 8
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Da bnlvaiogk vsçpngu ekr bnugraugnor lgogl{lr ku n``sk da vnrrgcgdguç ek bmaoiklkou æ o‗glvnsuk q{kd lnlkou/ Ek vd{r$ dk bdgkou vk{u pksrks ekr bnugraugnor rn{r `nslk ek lnouaour `ns`aguagskr/ Gd kru æ onuks q{k dk `agu q{k d‗a{unsguç sçidklkouagsk goukspgkook$ ko içoçsad eaor da csaobmk pgk$ vn{s glvnrks d‗avvdgbaugno ek da uacdk ek lnsuadguç$ da `g}augno ek d‗gouçsèu æ rkspgs†$ go`d{k cka{bn{v r{s dk ekisç ek vks`nslaobk ek da bnlvaiogk eaor d‗çuacdgrrklkou ekr uasg`r/ b, Da egrusgc{ egru sgc{ugn ugno o8
Da egrusgc{ugno e{ vsne{gu e‗arr{saobk bnorugu{k {o lagddno glvnsuaou eaor da pgk çbnonlgq{k ek da bnlvaiogk bas kddk a da pnbaugno ek hkuks {o vnou kousk da vsne{bugno ku da bnornllaugno/ Eaor bk rkor$ A]A r‗avv{gk r{s {o sçrka{ ek egrusgc{ugno bnlvnrç krrkougkddklkou e‗aikour ku bn{sugksr e‗arr{saobk e‗{ok vasu ku ek da caobarr{saobk e‗a{usk vasu/ Dk sçrka{ ekr bn{sugksr ku aikour e‗arr{saobk bnopgkou dk lgk{} a{} rvçbg`gbguçr e{ rkilkou ekr kouskvsgrkr VLK.VLG ku Asugraor ku bnllkséaour æ Ma{ur skpko{r ku vn{s dkrq{kdr$ gd bnopgkou e‗avvnsuks e‗avvnsuks {o rkspgbk ma{uklkou vksrnooadgrç vksrnooadgrç ku ekr vsne{gur r{s lkr{sk/ Da caobarr{saobk rk vsçrkouk bnllk dk baoad da vd{r avvsnvsgç vn{s dk eçpkdnvvklkou ekr vsne{ vsne{gu gurr e‗arr{ e‗arr{sao saobk bk,pg ,pgkk onu onual allko lkouu r{s dk rkilk rkilkou ou ekr vasug vasugb{d b{dgk gksr sr ku ekr ekr vsn`k vsn`krrg rrgnor nor dgcçsadkr a skpko{r lnwkor ku sçi{dgksr/ Bk baoad ek egrusgc{ugno a {o sõdk çiadklkou ek bnorkgd/ e, Da bnll{ogbaugno
E‗avsír d‗arr{sk{s$ Da bnll{ogbaugno kru {ok pasgacdk bdç e{ Lg},Lasjkugoi$ e{ `agu q{‗kddk vkslku da usaorlgrrgno e{ lkrraik ek un{r dkr çdçlkour e{ Lasjkugoi$ onuallkou dk vsne{gu eaor ra vsçrkouaugno$ rno onl$ dk vsg} avvdgq{ç$ da egrusgc{ugno a{rrg cgko eaor da q{adguç ek d‗abb{kgd q{k e{ bnorkgd ku dk bnlvnsuklkou e{ vksrnookd ek da bnlvaiogk apkb dkr arr{sçr dnsr ekr sçbdalaugnor/ Dkr n{ugdr ek bnll{ogbaugno lgr ko Œ{psk vn{s vsnln{pngs dkr vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk,pgk bmkx A]A rnou içoçsadklkou 8 da vskrrk ku d‗a``gbmaik v{cdgbguagsk/ Ek lèlk$ da bnlvaiogk lku æ da egrvnrgugno ek rno sçrka{$ ekr n{ugdr e‗agek a{ bnorkgd ku æ d‗go`nslaugno ek da bdgkouídk/
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Bnobd{rgno içoçsadk
Ko i{grk ek bnobd{rgno on{r savvkdnor q{k dk r{bbír ekr eg``çskour vsne{gur e‗arr{saobk e‗arr{saobk n{ ek da caoq{k$ ok vk{u èusk auukgou raor d‗k}grukobk e‗{ok rus{bu{sk lasjkugoi lasjkugoi ku bnllksbgad$ bnllksbgad$ awaou vn{s lgrrgno$ da lgrk ko vdabk ekr n{ugdr ek vgdnuaik vn{s dk r{gpg ku da ikrugno ekr nchkbug`r$ da bnobkvugno$ dk eçpkdnvvklkou ku da lgrk ko Œ{psk e‗{ok iallk ek vsne{gur goonpaour ku egpksrg`gçr sçvnoeaou a{} ckrngor ku k}gikobkr ek da bdgkouídk/
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Dkr eg``çskoukr `nslkr e‗arr{saobkr bnorugu{kou$ bnorugu{kou$ vas da e{sçk skdaugpklkou dnoi{k ekr bnousaur rn{rbsgur$ da vsgobgvadk rn{sbk ek lncgdgraugno ek d‗çvasiok dnoi{k/ Dk{s eçpkdnvvklkou bnorugu{k pçsguacdklkou {ok nvvnsu{oguç$ ono rk{dklkou$ a{ eçpkdnvvklkou ek d‗arr{saobk lagr çiadklkou a{ `goaobklkou k da Vkuguk ku Lnwkook Kouskvsgrk/ Ko eçvgu ekr gor{``graobkr ek bk rkbuk{s$ rngu a{ ogpka{ e{ rwruílk ek laoaiklkou ek d‗kou d‗kouskv skvsgr sgrkk e‗arr e‗arr{sa {saobk obk q{‗a{ q{‗a{ ogpka ogpka{{ ek rno kopgsn kopgsnook ooklko lkou$u$ dk lasbm lasbmçç kru vsnlk vsnlkuu uuk{s k{s v{grq{‗gd bnooaïu e‗aooçk ko aooçk {ok çpnd{ugno ono oçidgikacdk/ Eaor {o kopgsnooklkou lasq{ç vas ek vsn`noekr l{uaugnor$ onuallkou eaor {o bdglau ek eçsçidklkouaugno$ da r{spgk ek d‗kouskvsgrk e‗arr{saobk skruk dasiklkou mwvnumçq{çk vas ra bavabguç e‗aeavuaugno/ Ek eç`g ok vn{ssa èusk r{slnouç q{‗æ usapksr {ok rusauçigk idncadk ku bnmçskouk$ onuallkou {ok rusauçigk lasjkugoi usír vngou{k/
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