ENTRENAMIENTO CAMIONES FH / NH / FM Motor D12D
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Contenido
Índice
Este guía de estudio se aplica al entrenamiento sobre camiones e es parte de una serie de guías dedicados al entrenamiento de servicios para los vehículos Volvo Volvo con el sistema de gerencia electrónico del motor, llamado de EMS (Engine Management System). El propósito básico de esta guía es proporcionar la información sobre los principios del funcionamiento y los componentes de los motores D12D que equipan los Vehículos de línea H. Sabiendo el funcionamiento, los elementos principales, y su situación en el vehículo, la la reparación técnica podrá dirigir un cuidadoso análisis durante el servicio, de acuerdo con los códigos de fallas y síntomas registrados. El propósito de este guía es mostrar el elemento esencial de los conceptos e información, no debe usarse en lugar de los manuales de servicio y otra información de servicio, que contenga los datos técnicos apropiados. Por favor considere la información de este guía como sujeto a alteraciones sin previo aviso.
Introducción .........................................................03 Niveles de emisiones ............................................04 Identificación del Motor .........................................05 Versiones Versi ones de Potencia ..........................................06 Otras Característica Nuevas del D12D ................. 07 Culata ...................................................................08 Bridas de Válvulas ................................................ 09 Resortes de Válvulas ........................................... 10 Junta, Culata ........................................................ 11 Camisa de Cilindro y Pistón .................................. 12 Bloque de Cilindros ...............................................13 Cárter de aceite .................................................... 14 Enfriador de Aceite y Tapa .....................................15 Sitema de Combustible, sistema de alimentación ..16 Flujo del Sistema de Combustible .........................17 Nuevos Compone Componentes...........................................18 ntes...........................................18 Caja del filtro de combustible con filtros .................19 Inyectores bomba electrónicos electrónic os y piezas principales principale s ............................................................20 ......... ...................................................20 Sección de la válvula .............................................21 Clasificación de tolerancia ....................................22 Regulador de Presión e Gases de Escape Escap e EPG..... EPG..... 23 Sistema de Refrigeración...................................... 24 Sensores de La Unidad de Mando del Motor .........25 ..... ....25
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Motor D12D - Introducción - Introducción D12D D12D es un desarrollo posterior del motor D12C. La principal nueva característica del D12D es que se ha incorporado una versión de 500 CV. Esta versión está equipada con Turbotracción (Turbo Compound). Compound). En esta sección se describen las diferencias entre las versiones D12D 340 - 460 CV, con respecto a la versión D12C. La versión D12D 500 CV se describe en la sección D12D 500 TC.
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Estándar Año de Introducción
Motor D12D - Introducción - Niveles de emisiones En 1982 se introdujo el primer control estándar de las emisiones de gases de escape. La tabla muestra la cronología de los diversos controles estándar de emisiones, indicando el año de introducción respectivo y los niveles en gramos por kilovatio/hora. NOx = Oxidos de nitrógeno PM = Partículas HC = Hidrocarburos CO = Monóxido de carbono
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00 000 0 0 * 2 D1 * A D1
ENGINE INFORMATION VOLVO TRUCK CORPORATION
E 11 9 1 9 0 4 4 0 2
24
031466
Ell*88/77*2001/27*1722 Ell*92/24*0014*00
0.62
ENGINE MODEL: D12D380 EC01 PROP. VERSION: D12 20463619 MAX TORQUE: 1850Nm RATED POWER: 380/279 hp/kW RATED POWER SPEED: 1800rpm DISPLACEMENT:: 12.1 litre DISPLACEMENT LOW IDLE:550-650 rpm INJECTOR TYPE: 2 EXTHAUS BRAKE: VEB JPN99
4 3 8 9 9 4 0 2
Motor D12D- Introducción - Identificación del motor Para identificar el motor, en la unidad de mando hay etiquetas igual que antes, y una marca en lado izquierdo del bloque de cilindros. La superficie de la marca inferior del bloque también indica dónde fue fabricado el motor. A = Skövde E= Curitiba, Brasil F = Flen, Suecia
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Potência (kW) 375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
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1000
1200
1400
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Rotação (rpm)
Torque (Nm) 2600 2400
Motor
5
2200
(rpm)
Torque (Nm)
(rpm)
340/250
1400-1800
1700
950-1400
1800
380/279
1450-1800
1850
1025-1400
1600
420/309
1500-1800
2000
1050-1450
1400
460/338
1500-1800
2200
1100-1450
500/368
1600-1800
2400
1000-1300
Potência (hp/kW)
2000
Rotação (rpm)
Motor D12D - Introducción - Versiones Versiones de Potencia El D12D es un motor de 12 litros diseñado recientemente por Volvo Volvo para para los camiones camiones FH, NH y FM. El motor estará disponible en versiones Euro 2 y Euro 3, y está destinado a sustituir el motor D12C que no se haya adaptado al estándar Euro 3. El motor D12D se basa en el diseño básico del motor D12. Está formado por una culata de una sola sección, árbol de levas en cabeza, inyectores unitarios y un freno motor VEB (Volvo Engine Brake) (Freno motor de Volvo). Como viene siendo habitual, el servicio y las reparaciones se describen en la documentación de servicio de Volvo. Este material educativo describe el diseño y funcionamiento del motor.
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Motor D12D- Introducción - Otras características nuevas del D12D Durante la producción de la versiones 340 a 460 de CV de potencia, se han incorporado algunas modificaciones técnicas con respecto a las D12C a D12D. Estas modificaciones se describen en el material educativo anterior y en la información de servicio. A continuación se ofrece un breve resumen. 1. Culata 2. Junta 3. Camisa de cilindro/pistón 4. Bloque de cilindros 5. Cárter de aceite 6. Enfriador de aceite/tapa 7. Inyectores bomba electrónicos
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Motor D12D- Introducción - Culata - Distintas modificaciones de la fundición. - Nuevo manguito de cobre más estrecho, para un mejor flujo de refrigerante alrededor del manguito (1) - Suprimidos los difusores de orientación del flujo (2) - Válvula de escape modificada (3) - Nueva versión de tapones de limpieza (tapones de protección) (4) - Válvula y materiales de asiento de válvula nuevos
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Motor D12D- Introducción - Bridas de Válvulas
En la producción de los motores D12, ha introducido una brida de válvula sin pasador guía (A). La brida de válvula sin pasador guía (A) no influye en el método de ajuste para la válvula a excepción de que el equilibrado de la válvula queda suprimido, pero necesário para brida de válvula con pasador guia (B). La holgura de válvula permanece intacta. En la sustitución de la brida de válvula hacer la sustitución según los Manuales y Informaciones de Servicio Volvo.
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Motor D12D- Introducción - Resortes de Válvulas Una nueva versión de resortes de válvula ha sido introducido producción. Los nuevos resortes de válvula pueden ser utilizados tanto junto con brida de válvula sin pasador guía y brida de válvula con pasador guía. La brida de válvula y los resortes de válvula han sido introducidos en diferentes ocasiones. Para poder distinguir los resortes de válvula con versión nueva y antigua los nuevos resortes grandes están girados a la izquierda mientras que los resortes con versión antigua los están a la derecha. El resorte de válvula menor - resorte interior para la válvula de escape - está girado a la izquierda mientras que en la nueva versión está girado hacia la derecha. A=girado a la derecha B=girado a la izquierda ¡Nota! En la sustitución de resortes de válvula habrá que reemplazar todos los resortes debajo
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Motor D12D - Introducción - Junta, culata Se ha incorporado un nuevo tipo de junta. La junta es de acero, pero tiene retenes de goma vulcanizados para los conductos del aceite y el refrigerante. La junta nueva también es adecuada para motores D12 más antiguos.
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Motor D12D - Introducción - Camisa de cilindro cilindro y pistón Se ha modificado la parte superior del cuello de la camisa del cilindro. El aro retén superior se ha desplazado más hacia arriba. Un espacio mejorado para la circulación del refrigerante mejora la refrigeración de la parte superior de la camisa. Las camisas del bloque son ahora
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Motor D12D - Introducción - Bloque de cilindros cilindros Se han introducido cambios en la fundición. Se han añadido orificios para los tornillos de distintos soportes de los lados del bloque de cilindros, así como nervaduras de refuerzo. El cierre de varios orificios delanteros de la culata (1) ha aumentado el flujo del refrigerante a la
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2 3 Motor D12D - Introducción - Cárter de aceite aceite (Incorporado a la producción durante diciembre del 2000) El cárter del aceite está fundido en plástico. El retén (1) consta de una tira de goma de una sola pieza situada en un canal del cárter cárter.. El cárter de aceite se sujeta con 18 tornillos con resorte
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Motor D12D - Introducción Introducción - Enfriador de aceite aceite y tapa tapa Se ha aumentado la capacidad de refrigeración del enfriador de aceite incrementando el número de discos de seis a siete. Esto supone un aumento del ancho (A) del enfriador de aceite. También También se ha modificado modi ficado la tapa.
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Motor D12D - Introducción - Sistema de combustible, sistema de alimentación Aquí se muestran los principales componentes del sistema de alimentación así como los tubos de conexión. La bomba de alimentación de combustible (1) conduce el combustible a través del colador del depósito de combustible (2), pasando por la caja del filtro de combustible (3), el
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