^GXG Bstuig s`nogc grlbktokg db gct` rbkdofobkt` Fgkugc pgrg gut`n`kstrunt`rbs
G÷` 8574
Noudgd Gutþk`fg db Hubk`s Gorbs, Grlbktokg
^GXG Bstuig s`nogc grlbktokg db gct` rbkdofobkt` 1 fgkugc pgrg gut`n`kstrunt`rbs / Gchbrt` Kgkgfo ... ]bt.gc.V. - 7g bd. - ^gk Fgrtæk 1 Okstotut` Kgno`kgc db Tbnk`c`læg Okdustrogc - OKTO, 8574. B-H``m. O^HK ?<:-?25-2>8-882-7 7. Fgkugc. 8. Fonr`bfprbkdofobkt`s. O. KGKGFO, GCHBXT@ NDD >>:.4<
Urofbrg Bdonoþk1 @ntuhrb 8574 N`cbnt`rg db Gvbkodg Lbkbrgc Ugz 2442 bktrb Gchgrbcc`s y Gvbkodg db c`s N`kstotuybktbs Ngsoccg db n`rrb` 72< H7925MKG ^gk Fgrtæk, Xbpñhcong Grlbktokg Tbcïi`k`s (2477) 4<84-9855 / 9>55 / 9455 N`rrb` bcbntrþkon`1 n`ksuctgsEokto.l`h n`ksuctgsEokto.l`h.gr .gr
OK^TOTRNO@KB^
GRT@XB^ DBC FGKRGC
OKTO Okstotut` Kgno`kgc db d b Tbnk`c`læg Tbnk`c`læg Okdustrogc. Çrbgs1 OKTO Bkbrlæg, OKTO Tbnk`c`lægs Tbnk`c`lægs ^ustbktghcbs. www.okto.l`h.gr.
Gchbrt` Kgkgfo Gurbcob Cgfhbrt Dobl` Tbabrokg Ibdbron` Dghhgj Fgro` @lgrg Fþkong Tbdbsn` Kgtgnjg Julþk Ughc` X`fbr` X`d`ci` X`t`kdgr` ^brlo` Ocobii
N@KONBT N`ksba` Kgno`kgc db Okvbstolgno`kbs Nobktængsy Tbnk`Tbnk`cþlongs. www.n`konbt.l`h.gr. IGDR-RHG Ignuctgdd db Grquotbnturg, Dosb÷` y Rrhgkosf`. Ignuctg Ur`lrgfg GXN@KTO1 Grquotbnturg y N`kstrunnoþk n`k Tobrrg. www.ogg.igdu.uhg.gr/okvbstolgnoþk/pr`lrgfgs/grn`kto
DO^B×@ BDOT@XOGC
^bhgstoçk Uïrbz
OKYB^TOLGNOÞK
Ur`ybnt` UOU N@KONBT 778855:57579>2, 855?-8574. Bxptb. Kµ :58548 8578 - Oktbrk` OKTO N`kvbko` Bspbnæn` TO1 57/8578. Lbrbknog db Ur`ybnt`s Bspbnogcbs, Tbnk`c`lægs Tbnk`c`lægs ^ustbktghcbs. B-FGOC^ DB N@K^RCTG Ur`lrgfg GXN@KTO, OGG, IGDR, RHG.Grquotbnturg y N`kstrunnoþk n`k Tobrrg.Okstot Tobrrg.Okstotut` ut` db Grtb Gfbrongk`. Ignuctgdd db Grquotbnturg, Dosb÷` y Rrhgkosf`. Ignuctg bstuigsgrgEokto.l`h.gr Rkovbrsodgd db Hubk`s Gorbs. bstuigsgrgElfgoc.n`f
Ækdonb
Oktr`dunnoþk
4
Ngpætuc` 71 Bstuigs
2
Ngpætuc` 81 Bstuig ^GXG
9
Ngpætuc` 8.71 N`fp`kbktbs y pr`nbs` db n`fhustoþk db cg bstuig
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Ngpætuc` >1 Tgrbgs Tgrbgs prbvogs pgrg cg bcgh`rgnoþk db db gd`hbs
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Ngpætuc` >.71 Ighrongnoþk Ighrongnoþk y sbngd` db c`s gd`hbs
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Ngpætuc` 41 N`kstrunnoþk db cg bstuig
75
Ngpætuc` 21 I`rfg db us` gdbnugdg
74
Ngpætuc` 2.71 Fgktbkofobkt` y cofpobzg db n`fp`kbktbs
72
Ngpætuc` 91 Xbn`fbkdgno`kbs
79
Ngpætuc` <1 Hohco`lrgiæg y glrgdbnofobkt`s
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Gkbx`s
7:
NGUÆTRC@ 7
Bstuigs °Wuï bs fgsg tïrfong, d`hcb n`fhustoþk y gct` rbkdofobkt`0 Ugrg ngcbignno`kgr ngcbignno`kgr kubstr`s j`lgrbs n`k bstuigs db n`fhustoþk s`cbf`s utocozgr dostokt`s n`fhustohcbs1 □
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^`k fuy okdongd`s pgrg p grg cgs z`kgs irægs, d`kdb sb rbquobrb ngcbignnoþk bstghcb s`hrb t`d` durgktb cg k`njb y cg fgdrulgdg.
^ofpcb n`fhustoþk
Xbk`vghcbs ` db `rolbk ho`fçson`1 cb÷g, ngrhþk
vblbtgc, pbccbts y hroqubtgs rbgcozgdgs g pgrtor db rbsodu`s i`rbstgcbs ` glræn`cg lgkgdbrg. K` rbk`vghcbs1 lgs kgturgc, lgs bkvgsgd`, mbr`sïk, lgs `æc, ngrhþk fokbrgc, bktrb `tr`s.
C`s ngcbignt`rbs g cb÷g (ho`fgsg) pubdbk bstgr n`kstruod`s bk fbtgc, fgfp`stbræg, ` db fgtbrogcbs n`fhokgd`s, y pubdbk sbr db j`lgr ghobrt` ` nbrrgd` (ngag db iubl` ` nçfgrg db n`fhustoþk). K` sb gn`ksbagk c`s db j`lgr ghobrt` dbhod` g su hga` rbkdofobkt` (j`lgr) ` p`r su pbcolr`sodgd (hrgsbr`s). Bk uk hrgsbr`, p`r babfpc`, bstgf`s bxpubst`s g dostoktgs d ostoktgs bfoso`kbs db lgsbs tþxon`s qub bkvonogk bc gorb db cg jghotgnoþk y pubdbk pr`v`ngr cg fubrtb p`r gsxog y/` bkvbkbkgfobkt` p`r f`kþxod` f`kþ xod` db ngrh`k`. U`r bstgs rgz`kbs oknbktovgf`s bc us` db bstuigs n`k j`lgr nbrrgd` y njofbkbg pgrg ukg gdbnugdg bvgnugnoþk dbc juf`.
D@HCB N@FHR^TOÞK
Cg n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog pbrfotb qubfgr bk i`rfg fçs cofpog y gpr`vbnjg fba`r cg cb÷g. ^b c`lrg oklrbsgkd` fçs gorb bk ukg sblukdg btgpg. ^gcgfgkdrg1 irbktb / n`rtb cgtbrgc.
Bst` pbrfotb uk us` fçs bnobktb dbc n`fhustohcb, rbdunobkd` gc fækof` c`s bibnt`s tþxon`s lbkbrgd`s p`r cg qubfg db n`fhustohcbs.
D`hcb n`fhustoþk
XBKDOFOBKT@ DB C@^ NGCBIGNT@XB^
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J`lgr, gcrbdbd`r db 75%. Bstuigs n`fukbs n`f` cgs sgcgfgkdrgs db jobrr` db >5% g 25%. Bstuigs db fgsg tïrfong y db gct` rbkdofobkt` n`k n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog, fçs db <5%.
B^TRIG^ DB FG^G TÏXFONG
Bstçk n`kstruodgs n`k fgtbrogcbs qub tobkbk lrgk ngpgnodgd db gnufucgr ngc`r ngc`r,, n`f` cg fgfp`stbræg, gd`hb ` pobdrgs, qub guk bstgkd` gpglgdg solubk bktrblgkd` ngc`r, durgktb vgrogs j`rgs ngc`r gc gfhobktb.
B^TRIG^ DB GCT@ XBKDOFOBKT@
Cgs bstuigs db gct` rbkdofobkt` s`k gqubccgs qub trgksfotbk gc gfhobktb oktbro`r fçs dbc <5% dbc ngc`r bktrblgd` p`r cg n`fhustoþk db cg cb÷g.
Bstuig ^GXG1 irbktb / n`rtb cgtbrgc.
J`lgr1 irbktb / n`rtb cgtbrgc.
NGUÆTRC@ 8
Bstuig ^GXG Bstuig db fgsg tïrfong db gct` rbkdofobkt` n`k n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog G doibrbknog db cgs bstuigs n`fukbs, bk bstg cg n`fhustoþk sb rbgcozg bk d`s btgpgs. Cg cb÷g ngrlgdg bk cg ngag db iubl` sb qubfg n`k fuy p`n` gorb (gorb profgro`). Cubl`, c`s lgsbs lbkbrgd`s sb dorolbk jgnog cg sblukdg nçfgrg db n`fhustoþk d`kdb sb fbzncg n`k bc gorb sbnukdgro`, qub pr`vbb bc qubfgd`r sbnukdgro` (ng÷` pbri`rgd`), y sb n`fpcbtg cg n`fhustoþk lbkbrgkd` ukg sblukdg ccgfg (n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog). Cg lgsongnoþk db cg fgdbrg lbkbrg juf`s vosohcbs qub bstçk n`fpubst`s p`r f`kþxod` db ngrh`k` y gcquotrgkbs. Cg gdbnugdg fbzncg n`k gorb sbnukdgro` pbrfotb cg qubfg db bstb juf`, n`k c` nugc sb gpr`vbnjg fba`r bc ngc`r qub pubdb bktrblgr bc n`fhustohcb y bc juf` qub sgcb db cg njofbkbg bs okn`c`r`. Cg dosfokunoþk db f`kþxod` db ngrh`k` y gcquotrgkbs rbdunb c`s dbpþsot`s (j`ccæk) bk cgs pgrbdbs oktbrkgs db cg njofbkbg, qub n`k bc tobfp` bkt`rpbnbk bc iukno`kgfobkt`, gufbktg bc db robsl` oknbkdo` y n`rr`soþk db d b c`s tuh`s.
C`s bksgy`s rbgcozgd`s sb voknucgk n`k cg n`kstrunnoþk bk gd`hb. ^o hobk cg d`hcb n`fhustoþk k` sb vb gctbrgdg p`r usgr `trg n`hbrturg bxtbro`r (cgdrocc` ( cgdrocc` n`fñk y gnbr`, bktrb `tr`s), guk k` sb gkgcozgr`k `tr`s fgtbrogcbs n`k c` qub k` sb pubdb lgrgktozgr su bnobknog y hubk iukno`kgfobkt`. YBKTGAG^ DB CG^ B^TRIG^ DB FG^G TÏXFONG
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Fgy`r bstghocodgd tïrfong. Oktbrvgc`s db ngrlg db cb÷g fçs dostgknogd`s dostgknogd`s.. Rkg vbz gpglgd` bc iubl` su bkirogfobkt` bs fuy cbkt`. Fuy okdongd` durgktb cg k`njb y bk z`kgs fuy irægs. Trgksfosoþk db ngc`r (rgdognoþk) fçs n`ki`rtghcb.
DB^YBKTGAG^ DB CG^ B^TRIG^ DB FG^G TÏXFONG
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Tgrdg funj` tobfp` pgrg bktrgr bk rïlofbk. Tobkb dbfgsogdg okbrnog tïrfong bk z`kgs n`k lrgk gfpcotud tïrfong. Xbquobrb fgy`r fgk` db `hrg pgrg su n`kstrunnoþk b okstgcgnoþk.
FR_ OFU@XTGKTB
Bk bstgs bstuigs, bc qubfgd`r sbnukdgro` (ng÷` pbri`rgd`) bs bc qub pbrfotb cg n`fhustoþk n`fpcbtg y cofpog. ^u bcof okgnoþk cg n`kvobrtb bk ukg bstuig n`fñk. Cg fbk`r tbfpbrgturg dbc juf` g cg sgcodg db njofbkbg okdong qub sb jg bktrblgd` cg fgy`r ngktodgd db ngc`r g cg jghotgnoþk. Bs fuy ofp`rtgktb qub cg ngag db iubl` bstï rbnuhobrtg bk fgtbrogc rbirgntgro`. Bstb rbvbstofobkt` bs bc qub pbrfotb cg lgsongnoþk n`ktr`cgdg db cg cb÷g bk t`d`s c`s rblæfbkbs. Iolurg <. Bstuig ^GXG.
NGUÆTRC@ 8.7
N`fp`kbktbs y pr`nbs`s db n`fhustoþk Bstuig db fgsg tïrfong db gct` rbkdofobkt` n`k n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog Urbfosgs hçsongs pgrg bc dosb÷` db cg bstuig db fgsg tïrfong db gct` rbkdofobkt` y n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog1 GRT@N@K^TXRNNOÞK
F`dgcodgd qub sb bfpcbg pgrg n`kstruor sok gsostbknog tïnkong. Cg n`kstrunnoþk n`k gd`hb bs ukg tïnkong n`k`nodg bk t`dgs cgs rblo`kbs dbc pgæs.
XBIBXBKNOG^
7 7 Njofbkbg proknopgc N`kdunb bc juf` jgnog bc bxtbro`r. 8
>
BIONOBKNOG TÏXFONG
Bfpcb` dbc proknopo` db cg d`hcb n`fhustoþk y trgksfosoþk bibntovg dbc ngc`r gc gfhobktb. N@FHR^TOHCB HO@FÇ^ON@
4
8
N`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk Gquæ n`kncuybk c`s juf`s pr`vbkobktbs db c`s trbs tuh`s y ukong bk uk tuh` ñkon` db fgy`r doçfbtr`. Trbs njofbkbgs N`kdunt`s d`kdb sb tbrfokg db gpr`vbnjgr cg bkbrlæg tïrfong y pgrg n`kdunor c`s lgsbs tþxon`s jgnog bc bxtbro`r.. Ur`vbb ngc`r okstgktçkb`. bxtbro`r
4
T`d` n`fhustohcb db `rolbk ho`cþlon` n`f` cg cb÷g.
9
Gd`hb lrgkdb
<
Gd`hb njon`
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Fbdo` gd`hb
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Nçfgrg db n`fhustoþk profgrog rbvbstodg bk cgdrocc` rbirgntgro`s N`fobkzg cg n`fhustoþk p`r cg oktr`dunnoþk ir`ktgc db ukg pbqub÷g pr`p`rnoþk db gorb. Cg n`fhustoþk p`hrb db gorb pbrfotb lgsongr cg cb÷g. C`s rbirgntgro`s gyudgk g n`ktr`cgr bc iubl` bk cg nçfgrg profgrog.
75 Nçfgrg db n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog
9
Bs uk hc`qub prbf`cdbgd`, db tobrrg y hrgs sok n`nbr n`k ngpgnodgd db gnufucgr ngc`r.
Gd`hb lrgkdb n`k > gluabr`s
>
Xblucgd`r db torgab Fba`rg bc n`ktr`c db iukno`kgfobkt`.
°WRÏ B^ BC GD@HB0
2
2 77 Wubfgd`r sbnukdgro` Ng÷` n`k vgro`s `rono`s qub oktr`dunb bc gorb pgrg cg sblukdg n`fhustoþk.
< 75 77 :
FR_ OFU@XTGKTB
T`d`s c`s n`fp`kbktbs s`k okdospbksghcbs pgrg bc iukno`kgfobkt` gdbnugd` db cg bstuig.
?
78
78 Lgrlgktg N`kbntg gdbnugdgfbktb cg ngag db iubl` n`k cg nçfgrg db n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog y n`ktobkb bc qubfgd`r sbnukdgro`. 7> Hgsb Ugrg pr`tblbr cg bstuig y ignocotgr cg cofpobzg.
NGUÆTRC@ >
Tgrbgs prbvogs g cg ighrongnoþk db gd`hbs (Ybr bk Gkbx` 9 cgs fbdodgs db c`s f`cdbs db gd`hb) °WRÏ FGTBXOGCB^ KBNB^OT@0
BCBFBKT@^ KBNB^GXO@^
Tobrrgs pgrg cg ighrongnoþk db c`s gd`hbs y dbc f`rtbr` db gsobkt`1 ^ubc`s grnocc`-grbk`s`s grnocc`-grbk`s`s (K@ usgr tobrrg iïrtoc, n`f` cg tobrrg kblrg). Ugag db ngfp` pongdg. Bstoïrn`c sbn` db vgng ` nghgcc` dbsfbkuzgd` y glug cofpog.
Ugrg cg ighrongnoþk db c`s gd`hbs sbrçk kbnbsgro`s c`s soluobktbs bcbfbkt`s1
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°NÞF@ ^GHBX ^O CG TOBXXG B^ GUTG0
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^o gc bfhgrrgsb cgs fgk`s cg tobrrg bs pblga`sg y gc oktbktgr cgvgrsb cgs fgk`s nubstg sgngrcg, bs ukg tobrrg gdbnugdg pgrg gd`hbs.
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NÇCNRC@ DB FGTBXOGCB^
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72 ngrrbtoccgs db tobrrg grnocc`sg pgrg gd`hb (cofpog, sok pobdrgs ko hgsurg), gpr`xofgdgfbktb 7,2 f¾. > ngrrbtoccgs db pgag pongdg (pgag hrgvg, db trol`, ` sofocgr), sok j`ags ko rgænbs. K` usgr gcigcig. 7 ngrrbtoccg db bstoïrn`c sbn` (db vgng ` nghgcc`). Glug cofpog. Tbrfokgnoþk `pno`kgc1 7 ml db ibrrotb r`a` ` > ml db tobrrg grnocc`sg db n`c`r iubrtb, tgfozgdg kg.
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Fgdbrgs. T`rkocc`s. Ngrrbtoccg. Hgcdbs. Uon`. Ugcg. Fgnjbtb. Tgfoz ` zgrgkdg k` y lrubs`. Fgrtocc`. ^brrunj`. Uokzg. Nunjgrg db gchg÷oc. Fbzncgd`r fgkugc (gzgdg). Uc`fgdg. Kovbc. Fgklubrg. Joc`. > bcbfbkt`s nocækdron`s pgrg jgnbr c`s gluabr`s bkk bc gd`hb njofbkbg (h`tbccgs ` uk ng÷` UYN).
Iolurg :. Bcbfbkt`s pgrg cg ighrongnoþk db gd`hbs.
NGUÆTRC@ >.7
Ighrongnoþk y sbngd` db c`s gd`hbs (Ybr bk Gkbx` 8 cgs fbdodgs db c`s f`cdbs db gd`hb) ÇXBG DB TXGHGA@ □
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Cofpogr db hgsurgs y pobdrgs ` tr`kn`s lrgkdbs cg supbrnob d`kdb prbpgrgrbf`s cg fbzncg db hgrr`. Tgfozgr cg tobrrg grnocc`sg. ^bngr y pongr cg pgag, jgstg uk tgfg÷` fçxof` db 2 nf. ^bngr y dbsfbkuzgr bc bstoïrn`c.
CG UXBUGXGNOÞK BK BC UO^GDBX@ □
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^upbrnob d`kdb gfgsgrbf`s cg fbzncg db hgrr`. Fbzncgr fgtbrogcbs bk sbn`. Glrblgr glug ghukdgktb y fbzncgr jgstg `htbkbr uk hgrr` pcçston` gpt` pgrg f`cdbgr c`s gd`hbs (vbr Gkbx` 9). Urbpgrgr cg ngknjg pgrg c`s gd`hbs. Urbpgrgr y –d`rfor‖ trbs dægs cg fbzncg db hgrr` tgpgd` n`k uk kyc`k bvotgkd` qub sb sbqub.
F@CDBGD@ DB C@^ GD@HB^
Fgktbkbr hobk f`agd` bc f`cdb. GD@HB NJOFBKBG (N@K TXB^ GLRABX@^)
Rsgrbf`s ukg h`tbccg UBT <5 ff db doçfbtr` n`f` f`cdb. Cubl`, gktbs qub sbqub, jgrbf`s bc rbhgab (vbr Gkbx` 4).
UX@NB^@ DB ^BNGD@ _ GUOCGD@ DB C@^ GD@HB^ G CG ^@FHXG
XB^RCTGD@^ DB CG UXRBHG
Durgnoþk t`tgc1 7 fbs (gpr`xofgd`). Culgr1 ^upbrnob j`roz`ktgc n`k pr`tbnnoþk p`r ccuvogs, y g cg s`fhrg.
Ngfhogr db p`sonoþk c`s gd`hbs g c`s 4 ` 2 dægs pgrg gpurgr bc sbngd` (p`kbr db ngkt`). Rkg vbz sbn`s, bfpgrbagr h`rdbs y gpocgr db ngkt`.
Cgdrocc` dur` (durbzg gdbnugdg).
N@KTX@CB^ DB NGCODGD
Urubhg db durbzg1 Rkg vbz qub c`s gd`hbs bstçk sbn`s, t`fgr uk gd`hb njon` gc gzgr y torgrc` db puktg dbsdb 7 f db gcturg gc pos` rfb.
^o sb r`fpb bk cg puktg y qubdg bktbr`, bs ukg durbzg gdbnugdg. ^o sb r`fpb bk funj`s pbdgz`s ` sb dbslrgkg ngso t`d`, k` sorvb= bk bsb ngs` rbvosgr fçs gd`hbs y usgr sþc` c`s fçs dur`s.
Cgdrocc` hcgkd` (k` sorvb).
Bkcgnbs db rbibrbknog s`hrb cg tbnk`c`læg dbc hgrr` jttp1//rbdpr`tbrrg.`rl/ofglbs/st`robs/puhPpdi/tbnkongsPdbPn`ks jttp1//rbdpr`tbrrg.`rl/ofglbs/st`robs/puhPpdi/tb nkongsPdbPn`kstrunno`kPn`kPtobrrg.pdi trunno`kPn`kPtobrrg.pdi jttp1//rbdpr`tbrrg.`rl/ofglbs/st`robs/puhPpdi/s jttp1//rbdpr`tbrrg.`rl/ofglb s/st`robs/puhPpdi/sbcbnng`PdbPs bcbnng`PdbPs`c`sP5?.pdi `c`sP5?.pdi
NGUÆTRC@ 4
N`kstrunnoþk db cg bstuig Tgrbgs prbvogs UXBNGRNO@KB^
JBXXGFOBKTG^
Dbsnropnoþk db culgrbs gpt`s pgrg n`kstruor cg bstuig.
Hgcdbs Uon` Ugcg gknjg y db puktg Tgfoz ` zgrgkdg zg rgkdg Ngrrbtoccg Fgklubrg Joc` Fgnjbtb Fgrtocc` ^brrunj` Uokzg Nunjgrg db gchg÷oc Fbzncgd`r fgkugc Uc`fgdg Kovbc
7. K` uhongr cg bstuig dbhga` db vbktgkgs ` gc cgd` db pubrtgs.
KÑFBX@ DB JOCGDG^
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:
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< < 9 9 2
4
8. K` n`c`ngr fubhcbs nbrng.
Wubfgd`r sbnukdgro` 2 4
> > 8 8 >. Rhongr n`ktrg pgrbdbs oktbro`rbs.
7
7
°^GHÆG^ WRB... 0
Rkg bstuig db gct` rbkdofobkt` k` dbpbkdb dbc fgtbrogc n`k bc qub bstç n`kstruodg, sok` db nobrtgs okdongno`kbs qub sb dbhbk rbspbtgr pgrg cg n`kstrunnoþk.
Hgsb Uubrtg
Yostg supbro`r
Dbspobnb db cg bstuig
NGUÆTRC@ 4
N`kstrunnoþk N`kstrunnoþ k db cg bstuig Ur`nbs`
HG^B
JOCGDG K± 7
NÇFGXG UXOFGXOG
Urbpgrgr y kovbcgr ukg hgsb rfb y pr`tblodg db cg jufbdgd pgrg bvotgr qub sb dbtbro`rb n`k cg cofpobzg n`todogkg dbc pos`. Urbsbktgr c`s d`s gd`hbs lrgkdbs dbagkd` uk h`rdb cohrb y fgrngr (rbpcgktb`).
Ublgr c`s gd`hbs lrgkdbs s`hrb cg hgsb, n`k auktgs db 75 ff. Ublgr cgs tbaubcgs rbirgntgrogs s`hrb c`s gd`hbs. Rsgr auktg kg (7 ff) bktrb tbaubcg y tbaubcg.
N`ki`rfgk bc rbvbstofobkt` db nçfgrg proknopgc db n`fhustoþk1 - 77 Cgdrocc`s rbirgntgro`s. rbirgntgro`s. - 88 Tbaubcgs rbirgntgrogs.
JOCGDG K± 8
JOCGDG^ K± > / 4
Cbvgktgr cg jocgdg n`k gd`hbs njon`s, agkd` bc fgrn` db cg pubrtg. Urbsbktgr cgs tbaubcgs rbirgntgrogs bktrb cg pgrbd db gd`hbs y bc pos` db tbaubcgs rbirgntgrogs. Jgnbr auktgs kgs (75 ff). ff).
Cbvgktgr cgs jocgdgs > y 4 db gd`hbs njon`s, hobk trghgd`s n`k auktgs db 75 ff. Ublgr cgs d`s jocbrgs db tbaubcgs rbirgntgrogs bk cg p`sonoþk qub okdong bc lrçn`. Bc fgrn` db cg pubrtg qubdg gfurgd`.
Xbvbstor cg nçfgrg profgrog n`k tbaubcgs rbirgntgrogs.
Fuy ofp`rtgktb1 f`agr ngdg gd`hb y tbaubcg gktbs db pblgrc`s. K` dbagrc`s sufbrlod`s. Ugrg Ugrg pblgrc`s utocozgr bc fosf` hgrr` n`k bc qub iubr`k ighrongd`s (vbr ngpætuc` >). Dbtgccb db cg dostrohunoþk db c`s cgdrocc`s rbirgntgro`s.
NGUÆTRC@ 4
N`kstrunnoþk N`kstrunnoþ k db cg bstuig Ur`nbs`
JOCGDG 2
Bkn`irgd` Ugrg cg jocgdg db cgdrocc`s rbirgntgro`s n`c`ngr gc fbdo` uk bkn`irgd` n`k fgdbrgs pgrg s`stbkbrc`s.
Jocgdg N`c`ngr cg jocgdg db cgdrocc`s rbirgntgro`s bktbr`s i`rfgkd` cg lgrlgktg. N`c`ngr bc qubfgd`r sbnukdgro` bkvubct` n`k pgpbc. Ublgr jgnobkd` auktgs kgs.
WRBFGD@X ^BNRKDGXO@ _ XBIRBXQ@ ARKTG J@XOQ@KTGC
8 7
8
7 JOCGDG 9
JOCGDG <
Xbi`rzgr cg auktg j`roz`ktgc n`k ukg fgccg fbtçcong ` hrgs cgrlgs bk t`d` bc gknj` dbc gd`hb s`hrb bc qubfgd`r sbnukdgro`. Cbvgktgr cg jocgdg 9 n`k `nj` gd`hbs njon`s.
Cbvgktgr cg jocgdg < n`k uk gd`hb lrgkdb y nugtr` gd`hbs njon`s.
Wubfgd`r sbnukdgro` (ng÷` pgrg n`fhustoþk sbnukdgrog) Ubri`rgno`kbs1 Ubri`rgno`k bs1 ? gluabr`s db 75 ff db doçfbtr`. ^bnnoþk db 25 x 95 ff. Gorb
Gorb
Ofp`rtgktb1 C`s gluabr`s gpuktgk gc i`kd` db cg bstuig.
8
Iohrgs vblbtgcbs ` fgccg fbtçcong.
NGUÆTRC@ 4
N`kstrunnoþk N`kstrunnoþ k db cg bstuig Ur`nbs`
Grbkg n`k gpbkgs hgrr`
JOCGDG^ K± :
JOCGDG K± ? + NG×@^
TBXFOKGNOÞK
Cbvgktgr cg jocgdg : n`k gd`hbs gd`hb s njon`s.
N`c`ngr c`s d`s gd`hbs lrgkdbs (uk` bs gd`hb njofbkbg) y c`s ng÷`s bk c`s gluabr`s dbc gd`hb njofbkbg.
Dbagr sbngr p`r n`fpcbt`, pgsgr uk nbpocc` dur` y gpcongr g fgk` uk hgrr` ngso cæquod` rbccbkgkd` rgagdurgs y auktgs vgnægs
NGUÆTRC@ 2
I`rfg db us` gdbnugdg UXOFBX BKNBKDOD@ UGXG NRXGD@ DB CG B^TRIG
°WRÏ N@FHR^TOHCB R^GX, NÞF@ @HTBKBXC@ _ NÞF@ R^GXC@0
Iokgcozgd`s t`d`s c`s pgs`s db n`kstrunnoþk db cg bstuig, sb dbhb dbagr sbngr jgstg qub dbsgpgrbzngk c`s rgstr`s db jufbdgd bk cgs pgrbdbs.
^b rbn`fobkdg usgr cb÷g sbng db `rolbk i`rbstgc y k` pr`vbkobktb db h`squb gutþnt`k`.
^b bknobkdb n`k fbdog ngrlg db cb÷g njong, sb fgktobkb g iubl` f`dbrgd` durgktb 4 j`rgs jgstg qub cgs pgrbdbs n`fobkzgk g t`fgr ngc`r. Ugsgd` bc tobfp` sok prbsbktgr lrgkdbs rgagdurgs ko r`turgs bk cgs pgrbdbs, cg bstuig bstç costg pgrg `pbrgr bk i`rfg k`rfgc.
^o sb utocozg cb÷g rbsok`sg n`f` bc pok`, sobfprb usgr fbzncgd` n`k `trgs k` rbsok`sgs. Bxostbk bspbnobs db çrh`cbs db rçpod` nrbnofobkt` nrbnofobkt` y qub pr`p`rno`kgk fuy hubk rbkdofobkt`.
Kþtbsb qub cg ngag db iubl` qubdg cofpog cohrb db j`ccæk.
K` sb dbhb qubfgr rbsodu`s d`fïston`s n`f` pcçston`s, fgdbrgs okdustrogcozgdgs (fbcgfokg, pgccbts, glc`fbrgd`s, ofprblkgd`s, btn.) p`rqub bfgkgk lgsbs (juf`s) fuy n`ktgfokgktbs.
Durgktb bc nurgd` bs n`fñk qub bc juf` qub sgcb db cg njofbkbg sbg kblr` kblr` y nubstb fgktbkbr cg cg ccgfg.
Cg cb÷g vbrdb ` jñfbdg, gdbfçs db dosfokuor rbkdofobkt`, pr`dunb dbpþsot`s bk cg njofbkbg.
DRXGNOÞK 4 j`rgs
IRBL@ F@DBXGD@ Fbdog ngrlg db cb÷g
NGC@XÆG^ G uk rïlofbk db 8,2 ml/j (moc`s db cb÷g p`r j`rg), cg bstuig bktrblg gc gfhobktb gpr`xofgdgfbktb <555 mngc/j.
NGUÆTRC@ 2.7
Fgktbkofobkt` y cofpobzg db n`fp`kbktbs UX@HCBFG^ XBCGNO@KGD@^ N@K BC GD@HB 7 X`turgs
Uongr n`k nuodgd` y rbbfpcgzgr p`r gd`hbs kubv`s. Kukng rbpgrgr n`k nbfbkt` ` fbzncgs nbfbktonogs (sb rgag). 8
Iosurg
Bs ukg ghbrturg pbqub÷g y supbrnogc.
>
Lrobtgs
XBIBXBKNOG^
Bs ukg rgagdurg fçs pr`iukdg y db fgy`r dofbksoþk (fçs db fbdo` nbktæfbtr`) qub lbkbrgcfbktb gibntg t`d` bc gknj` dbc fgtbrogc. 4
^@CRNO@KB^
Bcofokgr fgtbrogc subct`, f`agr y rbccbkgr n`k cg fosfg fbzncg db c`s gd`hbs. Ybrongr qub qubdb hobk sbccgd` y k` sgclg juf`. Bk ngs` db rbqubror uk dbsgrfb fgy`r, sb gn`ksbag dbspblgr bc gd`hb lrgkdb dbc irbktb, rbgcozgr cg rbpgrgnoþk pbrtokbktb, cofpogr cgs nbkozgs y `trgs pgrtænucgs gnufucgdgs bk cgs lgrlgktgs y pblgr n`k cg fosfg fbzncg db hgrr`.
7
Njofbkbg proknopgc y s`fhrbrbtb Xbvosgr ukg vbz p`r fbs y dbspuïs db ngdg t`rfbktg.
8
Xblucgd`r db torgab Xbvosgr qub k` tbklg dbpþsot`s y cofpogr sblñk kbnbsodgd.
>
N`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk Xbvosgr so tobkb j`ccæk y cofpogr.
4
Trbs njofbkbgs Xbvosgr so tobkbk j` ccæk y cofpogr.
2
Wubfgd`r sbnukdgro`* Xbvosgr qub c`s `rono`s k` bstïk `hstruæd`s. * rbbfpcgzgr so bstç dbtbro`rgd`.
9
Nçfgrg db n`fhustoþk profgrog (ngag db iubl`) Xbvbstodg bk cgdrocc`s rbirgntg ro`s. Fgktbkbr cofpo` db nbkozgs. Xbpgrgr ` ngfhogr bc rbvbstofobkt` sblñk kbnbsodgd.
<
Hgsb Fgktbkbr cofpog y cohrb db `habt`s.
2
9
<
NGUÆTRC@ 9
Xbn`fbkdgno`kbs
DB ^BLRXODGD _ R^@
GFHOBKTGCB^
BKCGNB^ DB N@K^RCTG
7. Fgktbkbr sobfprb cg pubrtg db cg bstuig nbrrgdg
Gdbfçs, pgrg qub bc sostbfg sbg sustbktghcb, sb kbnbsotg pcgktgr çrh`cbs, qub cubl` gcofbktgrçk cg bstuig.
Çrh`cbs ^ok Ir`ktbrg
8. >. 4.
2. 9. <. :. ?.
75.
77.
78.
(gñk nugkd` bstç gpglgdg). K` qubfgr hgsurg, pcçston`s, n`cnj`kbs ko koklñk `tr` fgtbrogc tþxon`. Bstg bstuig n`ksufb `xælbk`, gsblurgr ukg gdbnugdg vbktocgnoþk dbc gfhobktb. Bvotgr qubfgr fgdbrg vbrdb y/` okdustrogcozgdg. Tgfp`n` s`k cgs fçs gdbnugdgs cgs fgdbrgs fuy rbsok`sgs n`f` cg grgungrog y bc pok`. Xbspbtgr cgs fbdodgs b okdongno` okdongno`kbs kbs dbc Fgkugc. Xbgcozgr uk fgktbkofobkt` y cofpobzg pbroþdong db cg bstuig, bk bspbnogc db cgs t`fgs db gorb. Xbvosgr cgs njofbkbgs y s`fhrbrbtbs ukg vbz p`r fbs y cubl` db ngdg t`rfbktg. K` sbngr r`pg gp`ygkd`cg s`hrb cg bstuig. K` utocozgr n`fhustohcbs okgfghcbs pgrg bknbkdbr cg bstuig ` pgrg gvovgr bc iubl` (n`f` kgitg, gcn`j`c, btn.). ^b sulobrb n`kstruor cg bstuig s`hrb ukg hgsb db 75 nf db gct` pgrg qub k` sb dg÷b p`r cg jufbdgd dbc pos`. Ugrg gpr`vbnjgr fba`r bc ngc`r, rbdunor ctrgno`kbs okdbsbgdgs db gorb y fba`rgr cgs goscgno`kbs db tbnj`s y pgrbdbs. Gktb nugcquobr pïrdodg db juf` sbccgr db okfbdogt`.
Bfgoc1 grh`cbssokir`ktbrgsElf grh`cbssokir`ktbrgsElfgoc.n`f goc.n`f
K` bxostbk rbnbtgs ` uk top` db çrh`c g pcgktgr. Dbpbkdbrç dbc culgr, dbc bkt`rk` okfbdogt` g cg iubktb db ghgstbnofobkt`, bktrb `tr`s.
Tbcïi`k`1 577-4<<7-57<<
C` qub sæ ofp`rtg bs sghbr qub so j`y sb tobkbk rbnurs`s pgrg ngcbignno`kgrsb bs lrgnogs g qub `tr`s pcgktgr`k çrh`cbs gktbs ` g c`s qub yg hrokdg cg kgturgcbzg.
H`squb f`dbc` Auauy
\bh1 www.grh`cbssokir`ktbrgs.`rl.gr Ignbh``m1 Grh`cbs ^ok Ir`ktbrgs
Bfgoc1 h`squbf`dbc`auauyEhf h`squbf`dbc`auauyEhfa.`rl.gr a.`rl.gr Tbcïi`k`1 >::-4?>><9:
C`s rbnurs`s sb gl`tgk so k` c`s rbk`vgf`s, p`r bs`1
sobfhrg fçs db c` qub n`ksufgs, ïsg sbrç tu fba`r rbtrohunoþk y gcluobk c` glrgdbnbrç.
\bh1 www.hfa.`rl.gr
^bfhrgr Hgroc`njb Tbcïi`k`1 58?44-49859> \bh1 www.sbfhrgr.`rl.gr
U`r ñctof`, ¡dosirutg db cg ngcodbz qub cg cb÷g k`s pr`vbb!
Gs`nogno`k Novoc Ur` Ugtgl`kog Tbcïi`k`1 58?<8 48 - 878? ^grfobkt` >?9 - ^gk Fgrtok db c`s Gkdbs
Gkbx`s GKBZ@ 7
Ucgk`s lbkbrgcbs db cg bstuig GKBZ@ 8
Costgd` db fgtbrogcbs GKBZ@ >
Dbtgccbs db fgrn` y pubrtg GKBZ@ 4
Gd`hb njofbkbg GKBZ@ 2
Njofbkbg y rblucgd`r db torgab GKBZ@ 9
F`cdbs pgrg c`s gd`hbs GKBZ@ <
<.7 N`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk <.8 N`kbnt`rbs GKBZ@ :
Bksgy`, gkçcosos db dgt`s y rbkdofobkt` db cg bstuig
GKBZ@ 7
Ucgk`s lbkbrgcbs db cg bstuig Cgs fbdodgs bstçk bxprbsgdgs bk focæfbtr`s (ff).
5 5 5 > b d s ç f
5 5 5 7 . x ` r p g
5 9 5 7
YO^TG IX@KTGC
2>5
YO^TG CGTBXGC
UBX^UBNTOYG
GKBZ@ 8
Costgd` db fgtbrogcbs GD@HB^
Cgrl`
Gknj`
Gct`
Lrgkdbs
2>5 ff
>?> ff
772ff
T@TGC
XBIXGNTGXO@^
Cgrl`
Gknj`
Gct`
T@TGC
Tbaubcgs
8>5 ff
775 ff
>5 ff
88 Bktbr`s
Cgdrocc`s
8>5 ff
775 ff
9 5 ff
77 Bktbr`s
4 Bktbr`s 7 n`k trbs gluabr`s >: Bktbr`s Njon`s
78: ff
822 ff
772ff
4 Fbdo`s
BCBFBKT@^ FBTÇCON@^
NGXGNTBXÆ^TONG^
NGKTODGDB^
DOFBK^O@KB^
> puclgdgs db doçfbtr`, 7,82 ff db bspbs`r.
>
7 f db cgrl`
9 puclgdgs db doçfbtr` (njgpg).
7
> f db cgrl` ` fçs
Fgrn`
Ubrioc C db >/4 x 7/: puclgdgs.
7
78: nf db cgrl`
Uubrtg db njgpg
Njgpg 7/: db puclgdgs db bspbs`r.
7
84 x >9,2 nf
Uongp`rtb
Jobrr` rbd`kd` db 7/8 puclgdgs db doçfbtr`.
7
89 nf db cgrl`
N`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk
Njgpg lgcvgkozgdg ngcohrb 84 (` db fgy`r bspbs`r).
7
7 f¸
Wubfgd`r sbnukdgro`
Ubrioc rbntgklucgr 25 x 95 x 2 ff (cgrl`, gknj`, bspbs`r, rbspbntovgfbktb). rbspbntovgfbktb).
7
2> nf db cgrl`
Hosglrgs
-
8
-
Ucgknjubcg db >/4 x 7/: puclgdgs
7
>5 nf db cgrl`
Ucgknjubcg db 7 7/8 x 7/: puclgdgs
7
89 nf db cgrl`
Grgkdbcg db jobrr` db 7/8 puclgdgs db doçfbtr` oktbrk`.
8
-
Njofbkbgs
Ucgknjubcgs Grgkdbcg
GKBZ@ >
Dbtgccbs db fgrn` y pubrtg >.7. URBXTG
IXBKTB
IXBKTB
IXBKTB
Grfgd` dbc fgrn`
Grfgd` db cg pubrtg
Grfgd` dbc pongp`rtb
^`cdgr c`s nugtr` pbrcbs pgrg i`rfgr uk rbntçkluc`. Cubl` s`cdgr d`s pbstg÷gs g ngdg cgd` pgrg p`dbr gfurgrc`, d`s gc rgs db cg hgsb y d`s g 82 nf p`r bknofg db bccgs (vbr pcgk`). Iokgcfbktb s`cdgr cg pgrtb okibro`r db cgs hosglrgs gc n`stgd` dbrbnj` dbc fgrn`. Xbn`rdgr qub bc irbktb dbc fgrn` bs bc qub qubdg dbc cgd` pcgk` dbc fgrn`.
^`hrb cg njgpg qub sbrç cg pubrtg, yg pbri`rgdg, s`cdgr bk cg ngrg qub dg gc oktbro`r d`s s`p`rtbs pgrg qub n`rrg bc rblucgd`r. Bs ñtoc fbdor n`k bc rblucgd`r cg gcturg pgrg gsblurgrsb db qub c`s gluabr`s n`oknodgk. Cubl` s`cdgr bc s`p`rtb pgrg bc pongp`rtb, s`hrb cg fosfg ngrg bk cg qub sb bstç trghgagkd`, gsblurçkd`sb qub c`s `rono`s pgrg bc pongp`rtb qubdbk gcokbgd`s (sb pubdb usgr bc pongp`rtb pgrg fbdor). Iokgcfbktb s`cdgr s`hrb bc irbktb db cg pubrtg cgs pgrtbs supbro`rbs db cgs hosglrgs. Bk bstb ngs` n`fpgrgr n`k bc fgrn` pgrg qub cg pubrtg qubdb gp`ygdg s`hrb bc fgrn` bk t`d`s sus cgd`s.
Ugrg bc pongp`rtb, n`rtgr ukg pbstg÷g db fbtgc db gpr`xofgdgfbktb >,2 nf, jgnbrcb uk `rono` pgrg qub pgsb bc pongp`rtb y t`rnbrcb uk p`n` bc `tr` bxtrbf`. Cubl` pgsgr bc pongp`rtb p`r t`d`s c`s `rono`s uhongkd` cg pbstg÷g bktrb cg njgpg y bc s`p`rtb. ^`cdgr cg pbstg÷g gc pongp`rtb db fgkbrg qub qubdb bk cækbg n`k bc fgkl`. Ugrg bvotgr qub t`d` sb dbsgrfb s`cdgr ukg grgkdbcg bk bc bxtrbf` dbc pongp`rtb qub dg gc oktbro`r, bvotgkd` qub qubdb s`cdgd` gc s`p`rtb db f`d` qub pubdg lorgrsb bc pongp`rtb.
GKBZ@ >
Dbtgccbs db fgrn` y pubrtg >.7. URBXTG (N@KTOKRGNOÞK)
IXBKTB
Xblucgd`r
Fbdodgs
Bc rblucgd`r sb s`stobkb n`k uk t`rkocc` db ? ff n`k d`hcb tubrng pgrg bvotgr qub sb g`ab. Dbhb sbr n`c`ngd` dbsdb gdbktr` jgnog iubrg, db fgkbrg qub sb pubdg usgr pgrg n`rrbr bc rblucgd`r jgnog c`s cgd`s.
Cgs fbdodgs bspbnongs dbc fgrn` y pubrtg k` iubr`k dgdgs bx pr`ibs`. N`f` c`s gd`hbs pubdbk vgrogr sus dofbkso`kbs db gnubrd` g ngdg rbloþk ` c`s fgtbrogcbs dosp`kohcbs c`-
ngcfbktb (grnoccg y pgag), cg fbdodg dbkotovg dbc fgrn` y pubrtg dbpbkdbrç db cg dofbksoþk kgc db cg bstuig. U`r c` tgkt`, cgs fbdodgs qub lurgk bk bc costgd` db fgtbrogcbs s`k bstofgtovgs.
GKBZ@ 4
Gd`hb njofbkbg Cgs fbdodgs bstçk bxprbsgdgs bk focæfbtr`s (ff).
2 9 7
> ? >
775
775
2>5
Yostg bk pbrspbntovg
Yostg supbro`r
G 5 2 2 7 7
G Yostg ir`ktgc
Ú95 Ú:5
N`rtb G-G
GKBZ@ 2
Njofbkbg y rblucgd`r db torgab GCTBXKGTOYG^ GC TBXKGTOYG^ DB TBXFOKGNOÞK TBXFOKGNO ÞK
GCTBXKGTOYG^ UGXG CG ^GCODG DB CG NJOFBKBG
Dbsnropnoþk db gctbrkgtovg db ng÷`s n`k sgcodg gc bxtbro`r.
Bc rblucgd`r db torgab dbhb or n`c`ngd` g ukg gcturg qub qubdb nþf`dg gc usugro`.
^gcodg db cg njofbkbg p`r bc tbnj`.
Dbtgccb dbc rblucgd`r db torgab bk gpbrturg fçxofg dbktr` dbc ng÷`.
RK NG×@
TXB^ NG×@^
^gcodg db cg njofbkbg p`r cg pgrbd.
GKBZ@ 9
F`cdbs pgrg c`s gd`hbs Cgs fbdodgs bstçk bxprbsgdgs bk focæfbtr`s (ff). F@CDB DB GD@HB NJON@
F@CDB DB GD@HB LXGKDB 945 785
755
455
785 82
8 2
7 > 5 2 4 5
2 : 5
7 > 5
82
755
8 2
895
Yostgs cgtbrgc y supbro`r.
: 7 8
Yostgs cgtbrgc y supbro`r.
5 2 >
8 2 2
K@TG
8 2 2
2 7 7
Gd`hbs njon`s sbn`s tbrfokgd`s
> ? >
2 7 7
Gd`hbs lrgkdbs sbn`s tbrfokgd`s
Cgs fbdodgs db c`s gd`hbs sbn`s tbrfokgd`s s`k gpr`xofgdgs y `robktgtovgs yg qub gc sbngrsb ïst`s subcbk n`ktrgbrsb bk fgy`r ` fbk`r fbdodg, dbpbkdobkd` db su n`fp`sonoþk. ^o sb gnjongk dbfgsogd`, sb pubdb glrblgr grbkg g cg fbzncg pgrg dosfokuor su n`ktrgnnoþk.
GKBZ@ <.7
N`kbnt`rbs Ucgk` dbc n`kbnt`r 7 75
Dbtgccb db c`s n`kbnt`rbs 84>
:
N`kbnt`r 8 : 7
5 5 7
:
N`kbnt`rbs 7
Ucgk` dbc n`kbnt`r 8 75
4:>
:
: 7
5 5 7
:
GKBZ@ <.7
N`kbnt`rbs Ugs` 7
Ugs` 8
BAbfpc` db cg ukoþk db uk` db c`s n`kbnt`rbs gc n`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk.
Ugs` >
Ugs` 4
Ugs` 2
Dbtgccb dbc n`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk n`k c`s n`kbnt`rbs okstgcgd`s.
GKBZ@ <.8
N`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk : 5 7
Ucgk`
75
75
5 5 8
5 7
: 5 7
:
Ú <<
Ú 97
5 5 8
775
: 75
775
:
855 855
855
5 5 8
Ú 728
Ú 7>9
5 5 8
5 7
75
75 855 455
75
GKBZ@ <.8
N`cbnt`r db lgsbs db n`fhustoþk Ugs` 7 G
G
Ucoblub G
H
Ugs` 8
Ucoblub H
G G H H G
H
H
G
G
H H
Ugs` >
Ugs` <
Ugs` 4
Ugs` 2
Ugs` 9
Dbtgccb dbc pcblgd` db cgs pbstg÷gs
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Ofp`rtgktb1 Xbnubrdb oksbrtgr c`s n`kbnt`rbs gktbs db nbrrgr bc ngaþk.
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GKBZ@ :
Bksgy`, gkçcosos db dgt`s y rbkdofobkt` db cg bstuig Gut`rbs db cgs fbdono`kbs, bksgy`s, bvgcugno`kbs y rbsuctgd`s dbc iukno`kgfobkt` tïrfon` dbc pr`t`top`1 Okl. Ughc` X`fbr`, Gchbrt` Kgkgfo, Con. Fgro` @lgrg / OKTO Bkbrlæg. Ugrg dbtbrfokgr bc rbkdofobkt` db ukg bstuig, sb tobkbk bk nubktg vgro`s pukt`s1 ngktodgd db cb÷g bk ml= cg vbc`nodgd bk qub sb n`ksufb= cg tbfpbrgturg dbc juf` bk njofbkbg g cg gcturg db sgcodg db cg ngsg= tbfpbrgturg gfhobktb= n`fp`sonoþk db c`s lgsbs bk njofbkbg= cg bstuig dbhb bstgr bk rïlofbk.
^b utocozþ uk bquop` bspbnogc fgrng Tbst`, f`dbc` >25ZC, pgrg gkgcozgr cg n`fhustoþk. Bstb bquop` pbrfotb t`fgr fubstrgs dbc juf`, gkgcozgr cgs ngktodgdbs rbcgtovgs db f`kþxod` db ngrh`k`, doþxod` db ngrh`k`, `xælbk` y rblostrgr aukt` g c`s gktbro`rbs cg j`rg, tbfpbrgturg dbc juf` y dbc gfhobktb.
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N`k`nobkd` bst`s vgc`rbs sb ngcnucg su rbkdofobkt`, qub bs cg ngktodgd rbcgtovg db ngc`r qub bktrblg cg bstuig gc gfhobktb oktbro`r.
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Bv`cunoþk dbc rbkdofobkt` y bc f`kþxod` db ngrh`k`
Bk bc lrçn` sb fubstrg bc n`fp`rtgfobkt` db cg bstuig durgktb bc bksgy`.
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U`r `tr` cgd`, sb rbgcozþ ukg tbrf`lrgiæg, bk d`kdb sb pubdb `hsbrvgr cgs z`kgs fçs ngcobktbs qub s`k db fbtgc y cgs pgrtbs, qub gukqub fçs irægs (gd`hb), gnufucgk bc ngc`r. ^b utocozþ ukg nçfgrg tbrf`lrçng fgrng Icor, f`dbc` T>55. Bc ngc`r gnufucgd`, bk bc nubrp` db cg bstuig, sb orç bktrblgkd` pgucgtokgfbktb gc gfhobktb nugkd` bc iubl` n`fobkzg g dbsnbkdbr. Bstg ngrgntbræstong sb t`rkg vbktga`sg durgktb cg k`njb, qub bs nugkd` cg rbp`sonoþk db cb÷g sb vubcvb fgs bkl`rr`sg.
8<25 8255
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8825 :5 8555 ) <5 % ( ` t 95 k b o f o d 25 k b X 45
7<25 7255 7825
) f p p ( @ N
7555 <25
Q`kg db þptof` iukno`kgfobkt` Xbkdofobkt` (%) N@ (ppf)
>5 255 85
825
75
5 55155
55152
Bksgy` db bv`cunoþk dbc rbkdofobkt` y f`kþxod` db ngrh`k`.
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5 5 12 2
57178
5 7 17 :
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Tobfp` (jj1ff)
Tbrf`lrgiæg db cg bstuig durgktb c`s bksgy`s, rbgcozgdg bk sofuctçkb` gc bksgy` db bv`cunoþk dbc rbkdofobkt` y f`kþxod` db ngrh`k`.
Bc prbsbktb fgkugc bs db cohrb gnnbs` y dostrohunoþk, bstç pr`johodg su vbktg y us` n`fbrnogc. Ugrg p`dbr ccbvgr uk rblostr` dbc gcngknb qub k`s sbrç db funjg utocodgd pgrg iutur`s pr`ybnt`s sofocgrbs, glrgdbnbf`s tbklgk g hobk n`fpcbtgr cg soluobktb pcgkoccg „db i`rfg v`cuktgrog„ y bkvogrcg g c`s n`rrb`s db n`ksuctg.
UCGKOCCG K`fhrb y gpbccod`1 Okstotunoþk/@KL/Bfprbsg/@tr`s1 Oktbrïs bk bc fgkugc (ba., doiusoþk, n`kstrunnoþk, btn.)1 Ur`voknog1 C`ngcodgd1 Bfgoc1 Tbcïi`k` db n`ktgnt`1
B-FGOC^ DB N@K^RCTG
bstuigsgrgEokto.l`h.gr bstuigsgrgElfgoc.n`f
