Klbhchsh ^hshoj
^hshoj (^hso) kgpgt khtgbshrogc slngigh nlctuo olgkggc olthkgpgsthgc tlctgci sugtu olgkggc ygci gogc tlrfgkh cgcthcyg ( buturl ( buturl)) klcigc olputusgc ygci khg`nhe nlrkgsgrogc plrth`ngcigc pgkg sggh hch. (Bga`h, >47=). ^hshoj
nlrnlkg
klcigc
olthkgopgsthgc,
nlrhout
gogc
`lcflegsogc
plrnlkggcrhshoj kgc olthkgopgsthgc6 ^hshoj
03 prjngnhehtgs agshe sukga kholtgauh.
Olthkgopgsthgc
03 prjngnhehtgs agshe thkgo kholtgauh kgc `gsha nlrupg kuiggc.
^hshoj
03 gkgcyg kgtg.
Olthkgopgsthgc
03 thkgo gkgcyg kgtg.
^hshoj th`nue ogrlcg gkgcyg olthkgopgsthgc, ygci nlrgrth olthkgopgsthgc gkgega `lrupgogc ojckhsh ygci `lcylngnogc tu`nuacyg rhshoj, ogrlcg `lcigohngtogc
olrgiu-rgiugc
sljrgci
`lcilcgh
ol`g`pugccyg
uctuo
`lrg`geogc ol`uciohcgc tlragkgp agshe-agshe ygci gogc tlrfgkh kh `gsg `lckgtgci. Kh`gcg ojckhsh ygci thkgo pgsth htu ogrlcg nlrngigh slngn, gctgrg eghc6 7. [lciigci wgotu gctgrg plrlcmgcggc sugtu olihgtgc sg`pgh olihgtgc htu nlrgoahr / `lciagsheogc, kh`gcg `gohc pgcfgci tlciigci wgotucyg `gohc nlsgr olthkgopgsthgccyg. >. Oltlrngtgsgc hcbjr`gsh ygci tlrslkhg ygci khplreuogc kgeg` plcyusucgc rlcmgcg. =. Oltlrngtgsgc plciltgaugc / ol`g`pugc / tlocho plcig`nhegc olputusgc kgrh plrlcmgcg.(Agcgbh, >448). ^hshoj nlraunucigc klcigc olthkgopgsthgc hch tlrfgkh jela ogrlcg ourgci gtgu thkgo tlrslkhgcyg muoup hcbjr`gsh tlctgci gpg ygci gogc tlrfgkh. ]lsugtu ygci
thkgo
pgsth
(ucmlrtghc (ucmlrtghc))
kgpgt
nlrgohngt
`lciuctuciogc
gtgu
`lruihogc.`lcurut Yhkl`gc, olthkgopgsthgc ygci `lch`nueogc ol`uciohcgc `lciuctuciogc kholcge klcigc hsthega pleugci ( Jppjrtuchty), Jppjrtuchty), slkgciogc olthkgopgsthgc ygci `lch`nueogc gohngt ygci `lruihogc kholcge klcigc hsthega rhshoj ( ^hso ^hso ). ).
Tlcilrthgc @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj
]lmgrg slklragcg plcilrthgc `gcgfl`lc rhshoj gkgega plegosgcggc bucishbucish `gcgfl`lc kgeg` plcgciiuegcigc rhshoj, tlrutg`g rhshoj ygci khagkgph jela jrigchsgsh / plrusgaggc, oleugrig kgc `gsygrgogt.Fgkh `lcmgoup olihgtgc `lrlcmgcgogc, `lcijrigchshr, `lcyusuc, `l`h`phc / `lciojjrkhchr kgc `lcigwgsh (tlr`gsuo `lcilvgeugsh) prjirg` plcgciiuegcigc rhshoj. Kgeg` plcilrthgc eghc @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj kgpgt khgrthogc sugtu nhkgci he`u ygci `l`ngags tlctgci ngigh`gcg sugtu jrigchsgsh `lclrgpogc uourgc kgeg` `l`ltgogc nlrngigh plr`gsgegagc ygci gkg klcigc `lcl`pgtogc nlrngigh plcklogtgc `gcgfl`lc slmgrg oj`prlalcshb kgc shstl`gths (Bga`h,>474).
Tlrgc `gcgfl`lc rhshoj kgeg` girhnhschs
Olihgtgc `l`gcgfl`lc rhshoj pgkg usgag girhnhschs
kgpgt `l`nlhogc `l`nlhogc
hcbjr`gsh ygci khplreuogc `gcgflr kgeg` `lcigcgehshs bgotjr-bgotjr ygci `l`plcigruah nlsgr-olmhecyg rhshoj oligigegc usgag ygci `uciohc gogc khagkgph usgag. ]leghc htu olihgtgc `gcgfl`lc rhshoj fuig nlrplrgc kgeg` `l`nlrhogc egckgsgc kgeg` plru`usgc egcioga-egcioga ygci plreu khgcthshpgsh uctuo nhsg oleugr kgrh rhshoj oligigegc usgag. Bgotjr-bgotjr plcylngn th`nuecyg rhshoj htu pgkg u`u`cyg nlrgsge kgrh kug su`nlr ygoch su`nlr hctlrc kgc su`nlr lostlrc. ]u`nlr hctlrc pgkg u`u`cyg `l`hehoh rhshoj elnha olmhe ogrlcg `gsgega hctlrc htu u`u`cyg elna `ukga kholckgehogc kgc nlrshbgt pgsth, grthcyg ag`phr sl`ug kgtg kgc bgotg sukga tlrslkhg.khphago eghc, su`nlr lostlrc u`u`cyg fgua kheugr olckgeh phago pl`nugt olputusgc, gctgrg eghc `ucmue kgrh pgsgr, pjehtho sugtu cligrg, plrol`ngcigc tlocjejih, plrungagc sjshge nukgyg sugtu kglrga gtgu cligrg kgc eghccyg (]jbygc, >44<). [hpl ^hshoj
Kgrh sukut pgckgci gogkl`hsh gkg ngcygo flchs rhshoj cg`uc slmgrg u`u` rhshoj htu agcyg kholcge kgeg` > (kug) thpl sgfg, yghtu rhshoj `urch (purl rhso) kgc rhso) kgc rhshoj splouegthb (splmuegthvl rhso). rhso). Gkgpuc olkug nlctuo rhshoj tlrslnut gkgega6
g. ^hshoj `urch (purl rhso) , kgpgt kholej`pjoogc `lcfgkh = (thig) thpl rhshoj
yghtu6 7. ^hshoj gslt bhsho , `lrupgogc rhshoj ygci nlrgohngt th`nuecyg olruihgc pgkg gsslt bhsho sugtu plrusgaggc/jrigchsgsh. Mjctja6 olngogrgc, ngcfhr, il`pg, tsucg`h, iucuci `leltus, kee. >. ^hshoj ogrygwgc, `lrupgogc rhshoj ogrlcg gpg ygc khgeg`h jela ogrygwgc ygci nlolrfg kh plrusgaggc/jrigchsgsh tlrslnut. Mjctja6 olmlegoggc olrfg slahciig gothvhtgs plrusgaggc tlrigciiu. =. ^hshoj elige, `lrupgogc rhshoj kgeg` nhkgci ojctrgo ygci `lcilmlwgogc gtgu ojctrgo thkgo nlrfgegc slsugh klcigc rlcmgcg. Mjctja6 plrslehshagc klcigc plrusgaggc eghc slahciig gkgcyg plrsjgegc slplrth igcth ruih. n. ^hshoj
splouegthb
splmueg muegtthvl ( spl
rh so ),
rhshoj
splouegthb
hch
kgpgt
kholej`pjoogc olpgkg l`pgt thpl rhshoj yghtu6 7. ^hshoj pgsgr, `lrupogc rhshoj ygci tlrfgkh kgrh plrilrgogc agrig kh pgsgr. Mjctja6 agrig sgag` `lcigeg`h plcurucgc slahciig `lch`nueogc olruihgc. >. ^hshoj orlkht, `lrupgogc rhshoj ygci tlrfgkh ogrlcg mjuctlr pgrty igige `l`lcuah olwgfhngccyg olpgkg plrusgaggc. Mjctja6 th`nuecyg orlkht `gmlt, plrslctgsl phutgci `lchciogt. =. ^hshoj ehouhkhtgs, `lrupgogc rhshoj ogrlcg olthkgo`g`pugc `l`lcuah olnutuagc ogs. Mjctja6 olpl`hehogc ogs `lcuruc, slahciig thkgo `g`pu `l`ngygr autgci slmgrg tlpgt `lcylngnogc plrusgaggc agrus `lcfuge gsslt ygci kh`hehohcyg. ;. ^hshoj jplrgshjcge, `lrupgogc rhshoj ygc khslngnogc pgkg olihgtgc jplrgshjcge ygci thkgo nlrfgegc klcigc egcmgr. Mjctja6 tlrfgkh olrusgogc pgkg mj`putlr ogrlcg nlrngigh age tlr`gsuo vhrus (Bga`h, >474). >474). @lcilejeg ^hshoj
@lcurut Kfjfjsjlkgrsj (7888) Gkg nlnlrgpg mgrg ygci kgpgt khegouogc (plrusgaggc) uctuo `l`hch`geogc rhshoj olruihgc, gctgrg eghc6
g. @lcigkgogc plcmligagc kgc plciurgcigc tlragkgp ol`uciohcgc tlrfgkhcyg plrhsthwg ygci `lch`nueogc olruihgc, `hsgecyg `l`ngciuc ilkuci klcigc ngagc-ngagc ygci gcth tlrngogr uctuo `lcmliga nhgyg olngogrgc, `l`gigrh `lshc-`lshc uctuo `lciahckgrh olmlegoggc olrfg, `legouogc pl`lehagrggc kgc plcyh`pgcgc ygci ngho tlragkgp ngagc kgc agshe prjkuosh uctuo `lciahckgrh rhshoj olmurhgc kgc olrusgogc, `ligkgogc
plcklogtgc
ol`gcushggc
uctuo
`lcmliga
tlrfgkhcyg
pl`jijogc, sgnjtgsl, kgc plcigmgugc. n. @legouogc rltlcsh, grthcyg `lctjelehr tlrfgkhcyg olruihgc, `l`nhgrogc tlrfgkhcyg olruihgc kgc uctuo `lcmliga tlrigciiucyg jplrgsh plrusgaggc gohngt
olruihgc
tlrslnut
khslkhgogc
slfu`ega
kgcg
uctuo
`lcgciiuegcihcyg (mjctja6 pjs nhgyg eghc-eghc gtgu thkgo tlrkuig kgeg` gciigrgc plrusgaggc). m. @legouogc plcilckgehgc tlragkgp rhshoj, mjctja `legouogc alkihci (plrkgigcigc nlrfgciog) uctuo `lcgciiuegcih rhshoj olegcioggc kgc beuotugsh agrig ngagc ngou/pl`ngctu ygci khplreuogc. k. @lcigehaogc/`l`hckgaogc rhshoj olpgkg phago eghc, yghtu klcigc mgrg `lcigkgogc
ojctrgo
plrtgciiucigc
(gsurgcsh)
klcigc
plrusgaggc
gsurgcsh tlragkgp rhshoj tlrtlctu, klcigc `l`ngygr slfu`ega prl`h gsurgcsh ygci tlega khtltgpogc, slahciig plrusgaggc gsurgcsh gogc `lciigcth olruihgc nheg nltue tlrfgkh olruihgc ygci slsugh klcigc plrfgcfhgc.
^ugci ehcioup @gcgfl`lc rlshoj
^ugci ehcioup @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj Nlrhsh [gagp-tgagp kgeg` `legosgcgogc `gcgfl`lc rhshoj ygci `lehputh 6 \ctuo `lcih`pel`lctgshogc `gcgfl`lc rhshoj slmgrg oj`prlalcshb gkg nlnlrgpg tgagp ygci agrus khegosgcgogc jela sugtu sugtu plrusgaggc, yghtu 6 7. Hklcthbhogsh ^hshoj Tgkg tgagp hch phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc `legouogc thckgogc nlrupg `lcihcklcthbhogsh slthgp nlctuo rhshoj ygci khgeg`h plrusgaggc, tlr`gsuo
nlctuo-nlctuo rhshoj ygci `uciohc gogc khgeg`h jela plrusgaggc. Hklcthbhogsh hch khegouogc klcigc mgrg `lehagt pjtlcsh-pjtlcsh rhshoj ygci sukga tlrehagt kgc ygci gogc tlrehagt. >. @lcihklcthbhogsh Nlctuo-Nlctuo ^hshoj Tgkg tgagp hch khagrgpogc phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc tlega `g`pu `lcl`uogc nlctuo kgc bjr`gt rhshoj ygci kh`gosuk. Nlctuo-nlctuo rhshoj ygci khhklcthbhogsh kh shch tlega `g`pu khflegsogc slmgrg kltghe, kltghe, slplrth mhrhmhrh rhshoj kgc bgotjr-bgotjr th`nuecyg rhshoj tlrslnut. Tgkg tgagp hch phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc fuig sukga `uegh `lciu`pueogc kgc `lclrh`g nlrngigh kgtg-kgtg ngho nlrshbgt ougehtgthb kgc ougcthtgthb. =. @lcl`pgtogc \ourgc-\ourgc ^hshoj Tgkg tgagp hch phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc sukga `lcl`pgtogc uourgc gtgu sogeg ygci khpgogh, tlr`gsuo rgcmgcigc `jkle `ltlkjejih plclehthgc ygci gogc khiucgogc. Kgtg-kgtg ygci `gsuo fuig sukga kgpgt khtlrh`g, ngho ygci nlrnlctuo ougehtgthb kgc ougcthtgthb slrtg pl`hehagc kgtg khegouogc nlrkgsgrogc plcklogtgc `ltlkjejih ygci khiucgogc. Klcigc olpl`hehogc rgcmgcigc `ltjkjejih plclehthgc ygci gkg khagrgpogc phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc tlega `l`hehoh bjckgsh ougt iucg `legouogc plcijegagc kgtg. \ctuo khpgag`h ngawg plciiucggc uourgc klcigc nlrkgsgrogc bjr`gt `ltlkjejih plclehthgc ygci khiucgogc agrus khegouogc klcigc sgcigt agth-agth kgc plcua olmlr`gtgc ogrlcg fhog sgega gtgu thkgo slsugh klcigc ogsus ygci khtgcigch `gog agshe ygci gogc khplrjela cgcthcyg fuig khgciigp thkgo gogc gourgt. ;. @lcl`pgtogc Getlrcgthb-Getlrcgthb Tgkg tgagp hch phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc tlega `legouogc plcijegagc kgtg. Agshe plcijegagc ol`ukhgc khfgngrogc kgeg` nlctuo ougehtgthb kgc ougcthtgthb nlslrtg gohngt-gohngt gtgu plcigrua-plcigrua ygci gogc th`nue fhog olputgsgc-olputusgc tlrslnut khg`nhe. Nlrngigh nlctuo plcfgngrgc ygci khol`uogogc tlrslnut khphega kgc khtl`pgtogc slngigh getlrcgthb-getlrcgthb olputusgc. <. @lcigcgehshs ]lthgp Getlrcgthb
Tgkg tgagp hch kh`gcg slthgp getlrcgthb ygci gkg slegcfutcyg khgcgehshs kgc khol`uogogc nlrngigh sukut pgckgci slrtg lblo-lblo ygci `uciohc th`nue. Kg`pgo ygci `uciohc th`nue ngho slmgrg fgciog plcklo kgc fgciog pgcfgci khpgpgrogc slmgrg oj`prlalcshb kgc shstl`gths klcigc tufugc utg`g khplrjela sugtu ig`ngrgc slmgrg tligs kgc flegs. Olflegsgc kgc oltligsgc sgcigt plcthci iucg `l`ngctu plcig`nhegc olputusgc slmgrg tlpgt. 2. @l`utusogc ]gtu Getlrcgthb Tgkg tgagp hch sltlega nlrngigh getlrcgthb khpgpgrogc kgc khflegsogc ngho kgeg` nlctuo ehsgc kgc tuehsgc jela pgrg `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc `gog khagrgpogc phago `gcgflr plrusgaggc sukga `l`hehoh pl`gag`gc slmgrg oausus kgc `lckgeg`. Tl`hehagc sgtu getlrcgthb kgrh nlrngigh getlrcgthb ygci khtgwgrogc grthcyg `lcig`nhe getlrcgthb ygci tlrngho kgrh nlrngigh getlrcgthb ygci khtgwgrogc tlr`gsuo klcigc `lcjego nlrngigh getlrcgthb eghccyg. Klcigc pl`hehagc sgtu getlrcgthb slngigh sjeush kgeg` `lcylelsghogc nlrngigh plr`gsgegagc khagrgpogc phago `gcgflr plrusgaggc sukga `l`hehoh bjckgsh ougt kgeg` `lcuigsogc phago `gcgfl`lc plrusgaggc uctuo nlolrfg nlrkgsgrogc ojcslp kgc ojrhkjr ygci ygci gkg. 9. @legosgcgogc Getlrcgthb ygci Khpheha Tgkg tgagp hch sltlega getlrcgthb khpheha kgc khtligsogc slrtg khnlctuo th` uctuo `legosgcgogc hch, `gog grthcyg `lclflr sukga `lcileugrogc ]urgt Olputusgc (]O) ygci khelciogph klcigc rhcmhgc nhgyg. ^hcmhgc nhgyg ygci khgejogshogc tlrslnut tlega khsltufuh jela ngihgc olugcigc slrtg jtjrhtgs plcig`nhe plcthci eghccyg. 1. @lcijctrje Getlrcgthb ygci Khpheha [lrslnut Tgkg tgagp hch getlrcgthb ygci khpha tlega khegosgcgogc kgc phago th` `gcgflr nlslrtg `gcgflr plrusgaggc. [uigs utg`g `gcgflr plrusgaggc gkgega `legouogc mjctrje ygci `gosh`ge iucg `lciahckgrh th`nuecyg nlrngigh rhshoj ygci thkgo khhcihcogc. 8. @lcilvgeugsh Fgegccyg Getlrcgthb ygci Khpheha Tgkg tgagp hch sltlega getlrcgthb khegosgcgogc kgc mjctrje khegouogc `gog slegcfutcyg phago th` `gcgfl`lc slmgrg shstl`gths `legpjrogc olpgkg phago
`gcgflr plrusgaggc. Tlegpjrgc tlrslnut nlrnlctuo kgtg-kgtg kgc nlrshbgt buckg`lctge kgc tlochoge slrtg klcigc thkgo `lcilsg`phciogc hcbjr`gsh ygci nlrshbgt ehsgc. [ufugc `legouogc lvgeugsh kgrh getlrcgthb ygci khpheha tlrslnut gkgega nlrtufugc gigr plolrfg tlrslnut kgpgt tlrus khegosgcgogc slsugh klcigc ygci khrlcmgcgogc.
]trgtlih getlrcgthb getlrcgthb uctuo `gcgflr `lciagkgph `lciagkgph rhshoj kgc olthkgopgsthgc. olthkgopgsthgc.
@lcurut Kjwcly tlrkgpgt L`pgt ]trgtlih getlrcgthb kgsgr tlega kh ol`ngciogc uctuo `lcuctuc plrlcmgcggc `gcgflr kgeg` olgkggc thkgo pgsth, yghtu6 7.
Ygek ” Ygek ” strgtlih strgtlih `gosh`h`
>.
Aurwhmz - strgtlih gebg
=.
]gvgil ” ]gvgil ” strgtlih strgtlih olthkgo nlructucigc `hch`gos
;.
Egpegml gtgu ngylshgc ” ngylshgc ” strgtlih strgtlih prjngnhehtgs nlrh`ngci. Ygek strgtlih hch slrhci khslnut slngigh strgtlih olthkgopgsthgc ygci pgehci
plsh`hstho. Tlcig`nhegc olputusgc hch sgcigt ojcslrvgthb gtgu ehnlrgehs`l kgc mlcklruci `lckjrjci plrusgaggc uctuo `lciutg`gogc oltlrfg`hcgc ogrlcg `lcigckghogc ngawg olfgkhgc nuruo ygci `uciohc gogc slegeu tlrf gkh. Oghkga plcig`nhegc olputusgc kgeg` `lciahtuci agshe tgruagc ygci kh agrgpogc uctuo strgtlih wgek njela kh ogtgogc slklragcg. Tlrtg`g, ohtg agrus `lclctuogc agshe tlrnuruo kgrh slthgp thckgogc, ol`ukhgc `l`heha ygci tlrngho kgrh gctgrg ygci tlrnuruo tlrslnut.
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[hckgogc G= gogc kh pheha ogrlcg `l`nlrhogc agshe tgruagc tlrthciih fhog agshe tlrnuruo ygci `uciohc tlrfgkh. Flegsega strgtlih hch sgcigt ojcslrvgthb kgc
`uciohc sgcigt mjmjo uctuo plrusgaggc ygci ourgci `g`pu `l`gcbggtogc pleugci-pleugci ygci gkg.
Aurwhmz strgtlih aurwhmz gtgu orhtlrhg gebg `lcig`nhe sukut pgckgci eghc kgrh prjsls plcig`nhegc olputusgc kgeg` olgkggc thkgo pgsth. Tlcig`nhe olputusgc kh`hctg uctuo `l`heha ojlbhshlc jpth`hs`l nlrolcggc klcigc agshe tgruagc `gosh`u` uctuo slthgp thckgogc kgc ojlbhshlc plssh`hs`l ygci tlroght klcigc agshe tgruagc `hch`u` uctuo slthgp thckgogc. ]logeh egih, plcig`nhegc olputusgc ygci `lciiucgogc strgtlih hch sgcigt sunylothb. Flegsega, `gcgflr ygci jpth`hstho gogc `l`heha thckgogc ygci sgcigt nlrnlkg kgrh thckgogc ygci khpheha jela `gcgflr ygci sgcigt ojcslrvgthb fhog kh thcfgu kgrh sl ih olugcigc. ^gtg-rgtg tlrth`ngci kgrh agshe tgruagc tlrthciih kgc tlrlckga uctuo slthgp thckgogc kh ahtuci, kgc phehagc kh fgtuaogc pgkg rgtg-rgtg tlrth`ngci ygci tlrnlsgr. Klcigc `lclrgpogc orhtlrhg aurwhmz pgkg `gtrhos tgruagc, ohtg gogc `l`plrjela agshe nlrhout 6 Gciigpega ngawg ojlbhshlc jpth`hs`l gkgega 4,2 Klcigc kl`hohgc, ojlbhshlc plssh`hs`l gkgega 4,;
G7 0 4,2 (7>) + 4,; (7) 0 9,2 G> 0 4,2 (74) +4,; (-7) 0 2,; G= 0 4,2 (9) + 4,; (=) 0 <,;
[hckgogc G7 gogc kh pheha ogrlcg `l`nlrhogc agshe tgruagc tlrnlsgr fhog kh uour `lcurut rgtg-rgtg tlrth`ngci.
]gvgil orhtlrhg hch `lcltgpogc orhtlrh ― olthkgo nlructucigc ― yg ci `lrupgogc nhgyg olsl`pgtgc (jplrtuchty (jplrtuchty mjst ). ). Olthkgo nlructucigc kh klbhchshogc slngigh plrnlkggc gnsjeut gctgrg agshe tgruagc tlrthciih ygci trkgpgt pgkg olgkggc plrlojcj`hgc tlrtlctu. ]ltlega `lciahtuci olthkgo nlructucigc `gosh`u` uctuo sl`ug thckgogc, `gcgflr agrus `l`heha thckgogc ygci `lciagsheogc olthkgo nlructucigc tlrolmhe kh gctgrg ygci `gosh`u`.
@G[^HO] OL[HKGO NL^\C[\CIGC L7
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@gtrhos olthkgo nlructucigc kh ahtuci kgrh slthgp ojej` pgkg `gtrhos tgruagc. Fgkh, slohrgcyg olgkggc plrlojcj`hgc L7 tlrfgkh, thckgogc G7 gogc `l`nlrhogc agshe tgruagc tlrnlsgr. [hckgogc G> kgnc G= agrus kh lvgeugsh kgeg` oghtgccyg klcigc thckgogc tlrngho ygci `uciohc G7. Tlrnlkggc agshe tgruagc gctgrg G> kgc G= kgc gctgrg G= kgc G7 kgeg` olgkggc plrlojcj`hgc ygci sg`g, yghtu L7, `lrupgogc nhgyg olsl`pgtgc. Fhog L7 tlrfgkh kgc G7 kh pheha, thkgo gkg nhgyg olsl`pgtgc. [hckgogc tl rngho tlega kh pheha, gogc tltgph, fhog G> kh pheha slngih pgsgcigc L=, plrusgaggc gogc `lcgciiuci nhgyg olsl`pgtgc slnlsgr ;. Nlrkgsgrogc
`gtrhos
tgruagc
kgc
olthkgo
nlructucigc
kgrh
nhgyg
olsl`pgtgc kh gtgs, orhtlrhg sgvgil gogc `l`heha thckgogc G7 kgeg` upgyga `l`hch`hsgsh rhshoj ngigh plrusgaggc. ]trgtlih hch sgcigt tlpgt uctuo plcig`nhegc olputusgc fgciog pgcfgci gtgu lvgeugsh prjylo, kh `gcg olgkggc plrlojcj`hgc ygci kh agkgph plrusgaggc nhsg nlrunga slmgrg krg`gths.
Ngylshgc
kgc
Eg Tegml strgtlih
tlroahr
kgeg`
`lciagkgph olhkgo
pgsthgc slnlcgrcyg agcyg `lrupgogc plcfgngrgc eghc kgrh strgtlih uctuo olgkggc nlrlshoj.Orhtlrhg
hch
khslnut
fuig
orhtlrhg lquge eholehajjk.
]trgtlih
hch
`lcigsu`shogc ngawg prjngnhehtgs kgrh slthgp olgkggc plrlojcj`hgc gkgega nlrh`ngci.@lcurut orhtlrhg hch, plcig`nhegc olputusgc `lcigsu`shogc ngawg prjngnhehtgs tlrfgkhcyg nlrngigh ojckhsh gkgega sg`g nlsgrcyg.
Tgkg ohrhtlrhg hch, plcig`nhe olputusgc thkgo kgpgt `l`lctuogc/`lciltgauh prjngnhehtgs tlrfgkhcyg nlrngigh agshe, slahciig khgsu`shogc ngawg sl`ug olfgkhgc `l`pucygh ol`uciohcgc ygci sg`g uctuo tlrfgkhcyg gtgu slthgp agshe `l`hehoh prjngnhehtgs ygci sg`g. Agshe ygci khpheha gkgega ygci `l`hehoh chegh tlrth`ngci tlrthciih Mjctja6 L ( G7 ) 0 4,== (7>) + 4,== (2) + 4,== (7) 0 2,== L ( G> ) 0 4,== (1) + 4,== (74) + 4,==( -7) 0 <,29 L ( G= ) 0 4,== (;) + 4,== (=) + 4,== (9) 0 ;,29 [lrehagt ngawg slthgp olgkggc plrlojcj`hgc kh olcgogc prjngnhehtgs slnlsgr 4,==. Agshe tgruagc ygci kh agrgpogc uctuo slthgp thckgogc kh ahtuci klcigc `lciiucgogc `ltjkl ygci slrupg klcigc `lciahtuci agshe tgruagc uctuo olgkggc nrhshoj. Kgeg` mjctja kh gtgs, thckgogc G7 gogc kh pheha ogrlcg `lciagsheogc agshe tgruagc tlrnlsgr.
]tukh Ogsus 7 Tlrlckg`gc `lcylngnogc Ougehtgs egkg rlckga
7.
Hklcthbhogsh rlshoj Og`h `lcihklcthbhogsh rlshoj tlragkgp plrlckg`gc pgkg egkg kh`gcg prjsls
plrlckg`gc
gogc
`l`plcigruah
thciogt
ougehtgs
egkg.
Tlrlckg`gc khegouogc pgkg ghr nlogs igehgc th`ga gtgu ojejci ygci `lcylngnogc egkg tlrslrgci ngotlrh l-mjeh kgc sge`jcleeg. >.
@lcl`pgtogc \ourgc-\ourgc ^hshoj \ourgc rlshoj pgkg plrlckg`gc hch sgcigt nlsgr, slngn ougehtgs egkg gogc `l`plcigruah agrig khpgsgrgc kgc plr`hctggc tlragkgp egkg htu slckhrh, ogrlcg gogc `lch`nueogc kg`pgo nlsgr tlragkgp olslagtgc ojcsu`lc, gohngt gkgcyg ogckucigc ngotlrh kh egkg tlrslnut.
=.
@lcigcgehshs ]lthgp Getlrcgthb Og`h `l`nugt getlrcgthb tlragkgp rlshoj hch, yghtu plrlckg`gc tlragkgp egkg khegouogc pgkg ghr `lcigehr kgc plciupgsgc `lciiucgogc `lshc, slrtg plcfl`urgc egkg kh ejogsh ygci nlrsha.
;.
@l`heha sgtu getlrcgthb Og`h `lcig`nhe sgtu strgtlih, yghtu strgtlih Aurwhmz yghtu strgtlih `gcgflr ygci jpth`hs ygci gogc `leagt oluctucigc tlragkgp getlrcgthb ygci tlega khg`nhe, `lsohpuc getlrcgthb tlrslnut `l`lreuogc kgcg ygci nlsgr uctuo plcigkggccyg.
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@lcilvgeugsh ]trgtlih ygci khpheha Kgrh agshe plcylkhggc ghr plrlckg`gc kgc `lshc plciupgs oueht egkg slrtg tl`pgt plcfl`urgc ygci nlrsha kh plrusgaggc og`h, tlrcygtg hch kgpgt `l`ngctu pltgch kgeg` `lchciogtogc ougehtgs egkg, kgpgt `l`plr`ukga pgrg pltgch kgeg` plrlckg`gc kgc plciupgsgc oueht egkg, `lciahegciogc
rgsg
olowgthrgc
tlragkgp
plcmurhgc
kgc
kgpgt
`lcial`gtogc wgotu plrlckg`gc egkg. Klcigc hch, getlrcgthb ygci og`h pheha khchegh ngho uctuo khtlrgpogc, gigr egkg ygci khprjkuosh `l`pucygh agrig ygci thciih khpgsgrgc kuchg.
]tukh Ogsus > Tlrusgaggc Lospjrthr Egkg
Og`h nlrlcmgcg `l`nugt sugtu plrusgaggc lospjrthr egkg uctuo kglrga Ngciog Nlehtuci, cg`uc og`h `lehagt nlnlrgpg ^hshoj, jela ogrlcg htu og`h `legouogc tgagp-tgagp `gcgil`lc ^hshoj, ygci `lehputh 6 7. Hklcthbhogsh ^hshoj og`h `lcihklcthbhogsh gkgcyg ^hshoj Tgsjogc Egkg ygci thkgo ojcthcu ogrlcg Egkg nlrshbgt `ush`gc, ol`uciohcgc shkhohtcyg pltgch ygci `lcfuge Egkg ol plrusgaggc og`h kgc ougehtgs egkg ygci ourgci kgrh pltgch. >. @lcl`pgtogc \ourgc-\ourgc ^hshoj Og`h `lchegh uourgc rhshoj hch sgcigt nlsgr ngih plrusgaggc og`h ogrlcg nlrgsge kgrh eugr plrusgaggc og`h. =. @lcigcgehshs ]lthgp Getlrcgthb Og`h `lcl`uogc > strgtlih ygci kgpgt khpheha, strgtlih 7 gkgega `l`nlrhogc plegthagc olpgkg pltgch Egkg klcigc plrohrggc kgcg ygci kholeugrogc olmhe cg`uc klcigc plciagshegc ygci thkgo tlregeu nlsgr kgc strgtlih > gkgega `legouogc `htrg klcig pltgch ygci `l`nutuaogc kgcg ygci nlsgr cg`uc fhog nlragshe gogc `lckgpgtogc oluctucigc ygci ygci nlsgr. ;. @l`heha sgtu getlrcgthb Og`h khshch `lcig`nhe strgtlih Aurwhmz yghtu `lrupgogc strgtlih ngih `gcgilr ygci jpth`hs ygci gogc `lehagt oluctucigc tlrnlsgr, jela ogrlcg htu og`h `l`heha strgtlih >, `gog og`h `legouogc plrmjnggc ol`htrggc tlragkgp 74 jrgci pltgch klcigc eugs egagc egagc 7 Ag plrjrgci. <. @lcilvgeugsh ]trgtlih ygci khpheha Kgrh 74 pltgch ygci `lcfgkh `htrg og`h, tlrcygtg 8 khgctgrgcyg nlragshe, `lrlog `lcfuge egkg `lrlog olpgkg plrusgaggc og`h kgc `l`hehoh ougehtgs ygci ngho kgc kgpgt khtlrh`g pgsgr hctlrcgshjcge, fgkh og`h `lcyh`pueogc strgtlih strg tlih hch sukga nlragsh kgc gogc og`h `l`plrngcygo ol`htrggc klcig pltgch.
KGB[G^ T\][GOG
Bga`h, Hrag`. >474. >474 . @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj6 [ljrh, Ogsus, kgc ]jeush. ]jeush . Ngckuci6 Tlclrnht Gebgnltg Bga`h, Hrag`. (>47=). @gcgfl`lc (>47=). @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj. Ngckuci6 ^hshoj. Ngckuci6 GEBGNL[G. Agcgbh, @. @. (>448). @gcgfl`lc (>448). @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj. Xjiygogrtg6 ^hshoj. Xjiygogrtg6 ]lojega [hciih He`u @gcgfl`lc XOTC. ]jbygc, H. (>44<). @gcgfl`lc (>44<). @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj. Xjiygogrtg6 ^hshoj. Xjiygogrtg6 Irgag He`u. Yuegckgrh, ]umh. >47=. ^gcmgci Ngciuc @jkle @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj Tgkg Hcvlstgsh Girjhckustrh Egkg.Hcsthtut Tlrtgchgc Njijr. Njijr Kfjfjsjlkgrsj, ]jlhscj. 7888. Trhcshp-prhcshp 7888. Trhcshp-prhcshp @gcgfl`lc ^hshoj kgc Gsurgcsh Gsurgcsh.. Fgogrtg6 ]gel`ng L`pgt. Kjwcly & Lrhmsjc. 7819. @gcgfl`lc Girhnhschs. Fgogrtg. Lregciig
