MAKALAH TOKSIKOLOGI Kasus Keracunan Tempe Bongkrek
Disusun oleh :
A!is"#s$# S#"%i# Su&o'o
*201+10,10+11001-
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*201+10,10+1101.-
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*201210,10+11201-
PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI FARMASI UNIVERSITAS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 201
KATA PENGANTAR
Pu/i s$u&u% &eh#!i%#" All#h S(T $#n "el#h eli3#h&#n %#h#" !#n "#u4i& se%"# hi!#$#h5N$# &e3#!# &i"# seu# sehin# 3enulis#n #&#l#h !en#n /u!ul Kasus Keracunan Tempe Bongkrek !#3#" "e%seles#i&#n6
D#l# &ese3#"#n ini 3enulis enu'#3&#n "e%i# &#sih &e3#!# : 16 I7u N#ilis S$i4#8 S6F#%6 A3"6 D#n 9#3#& An!%i Til#;# M6 F#%6 A3"6 sel#&u Dosen M#"#
M#l#n A3%il 201
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DAFTAR ISI
UAN............................................................................................................... 2 9A9 II6 TIN>AUAN PUSTAADINYA RA?UN PADA TEMPE 9ONGIAN ALA
BAB I. PENDAHLAN
LATAR BELAKANG
RMSAN MASALAH D#%i u%#i#n !i #"#s !#3#" !i&e"#hui 7#h=# un"u& el#&u&#n #n#lisis !#l# enen"u&#n "e%#3i $#n "e3#" 7#i &e%#'un#n# "e3e 7on&%e& ee%lu&#n 3ene%"i#n $#n en!#l# !#%i &#sus &e%#'un#n $#n "e%/#!i oleh &#%en# i"u %uus#n #s#l#h $#n h#%us !i&#/i #n"#%# l#in : # 7'!-
A3#&#h 3ene%"i#n "e3e 7on&%e&C 9##i#n# e&#nise "e%/#!in$# %#'un 3#!# "e3e 7on&%e&C 9##i#n# e&#nise "o&sisi"#s "e3e 7on&%e&C 9##i#n# e/#l# e4e& "o&si& !#n #ni4es"#si &lini& !#%i "o&sin 3#!# "e3e 7on&%e&C 1
e- 9##i#n# '#%# 3en#nul#n#n !#n 3eno7#"#n se%"# e&#nise o7#" "e%#3i &e%#'un#n "e3e 7on&%e&C
T!AN Sehin# !#%i %uus#n #s#l#h !i #"#s !i&e"#hui "u/u#n $#n inin !i'#3#i !#l# 3enulis#n #&#l#h ini #n"#%# l#in: #6 76 '6 !6
Mene"#hui enen#i "e3e 7on&%e&6 Me#h#i e&#nise "e%/#!in$# %#'un 3#!# "e3e 7on&%e& Mene"#hui e&#nise "o&sisi"#s "e3e 7on&%e& Mene"#hui Ge/#l# e4e& "o&si& !#n #ni4es"#si &lini& !#%i "o&sin 3#!# "e3e
7on&%e& e6 Mene"#hui '#%# 3en#nul#n#n !#n 3eno7#"#n se%"# e&#nise o7#" "e%#3i &e%#'un#n "e3e 7on&%e&6 46 Ti3s ##% "e%hin!#% !#%i &e%#'un#n "e3e 7on&%e&
BAB II. TIN!AAN PSTAKA
PENGERTIAN TEMPE BONGKREK Te3e 9on&%e& i#l#h se/enis "e3e $#n !#l# 3%oses 3e7u#"#nn$# !i '#3u% !en#n #3#s &el#3# !#n &#'#n "#n#h6 Se%in 3#!# 3%oses 3e7u#"#n ini "e%/#!i &on"#in#si !en#n ?los"%i!iu 7o"#linu su#"u &u#n #n#e%o7 $#n e7en"u& s3o%# #"#u !#n 9#'"e%iu 'o'o)enen#ns $#n enu7#h lise%inu en/#!i %#'un "o&so4l#)in6 ?#%# Pe7u#"#n Te3e 9on&%e& #!#l#h #3#s &el#3# $#n "e%se!i# !i'u'i !en#n #i% h#n#" se'#%# 7e%ul#n5ul#n s#3#i 7en#%57en#% 7e%sih !#n 7e7#s !#%i s#n"#n6
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MEKANISME TER!ADIN"A RA#N PADA TEMPE BONGKREK $. Per%um&u'an Bak%er( Pseudomonas cocovenenans
9#&"e%i Pseudomonas cocovenenans e%u3#&#n 7#&"e%i 7on&%e& $#n en#%i& un"u& !i"eli"i 7#i& !#%i su!u" 7io&ii# 4isioloi 4#%#&oloi !#n e!is "e%u"## ilu i;i6 9#&"e%i 7on&%e& enh#sil&#n sen$#=# 5 sen$#=# 7e%#'un !i !#l# e!iu "e3e 7on&%e& !#n &hususn$# !#l# #3#s &el#3# !en#n &#"# l#in "e3e $#n !i7u#" !#%i #3#s &el#3# !#3#" !i'e#%i oleh 7#&"e%i ini6 Pseudomonas cocovenenans !#3#" en'e#%i sel## 3%oses 4e%en"#si /i&# !il#&u&#n !en#n &u%#n e3e%h#"i&#n &e7e%sih#n6 Sel## 3%oses 3e7u#"#n "e3e "e%se7u" 7#&"e%i i"u !#3#" enh#sil&#n sen$#=#5sen$#=#6
&ei#"#nn$# #&# ATP 3e%lu &elu#% !#%i i"o&on!%i#6 R#'un 7on&%e& e7u#" ATP ##l &elu#% !#%i i"o&on!%i# $#n 3#!# #&hi%n$# e7u#" sel5sel "u7uh #nusi# &ehil#n#n su7e% "en##n$#6 a. Racun Bongkrek )Bongkrek(c Ac(*+
As# 7on&%e& #!#l#h %#'un 3e%n#4#s#n $#n le7ih e#"i&#n !#%i %#'un i"o&on!%i# si#ni!# l#inn$# #"#u 2,5!ini"%o3henol6 A!# 7e7e%#3# 3e%selisih#n "en"#n s"%u&"u% $#n se7en#%n$# !#%i #s# 7on&%e& "#3i ini !iseles#i&#n 3#!# "#hun 1@B+ $#n en/el#s&#n s"%u&"u% $#n 7e%7e!# un'ul !#l# li"e%#"u% se7elu s##" ini6 As# ini !ih#sil&#n !#%i 4e%en"#si &el#3# $#n "e%&on"#in#si oleh 7#&"e%i 9u%&hol!e%i# l#!ioli 'o'o)enen#ns 3#"ho)#%6 Se'#%# &husus "el#h "e%li7#" !#l# &e#"i#n #&i7#" #&#n 3%o!u& 7e%7#sis &e!el#i !#n &el#3# $#n !i&en#l se7##i "e3e 7on&%e& $#n !il#%#n !i In!onesi#6 &. To,o-a/(n
R#'un "o&so4l#)in !ih#sil&#n !#%i 3e%u7#h#n lise%inu oleh Bacterium cocovenenans !#n 7e%=#%n# &unin6 "oo4l#)in !#3#" e7#=# ele&"%on #n"#%# NADH !#n o&sien $#n eun&in&#n &e%/# si"o&%o !i7u#" 3in"#s
à Hi!%oen 3e%o&si!#6
MEKANISME TOKSIK TEMPE BONGKREK To&sin $#n !i3%o!u&si Pseu!oon#s 'o'o)enen#ns #!# 2 $#i"u #s# 7on&%e& *"i!#& 7e%=#%n# se/enis #s# le#& "i!#& /enuh- !#n "o&so4l#)in *7e%=#%n# &unin s"%u&"u% i%i3 !en#n %i7o4l#)in-6 Tokso-a/(n
To&so4l#)in eili&i %uus &ii# ?BHBNO2 e%u3#&#n 3ien 7e%=#%n# &unin $#n 7e%si4#" 4lou%esens !#n s"#7il "e%h#!#3 o&si!#"o%6 LD0 "o&so4l#)in 3#!# he=#n 3e%'o7##n "i&us !en#n 3en$un"i&#n $#i"u 1B 3e% & 7e%#" 7#!#n !#n se'#%# o%#lulu" $#i"u ., 3e% & 7e%#" 7#!#n6 G76 To&so4l#)in
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To&so4l#)in /u# !#3#" en$e7#7&#n "e%h#7#"n$# "%#ns3o% ul# &e !#l# e%i"%osi" !#n en$e7#7&#n heolisis &#%en# "e%h#7#"n$# #&"i)i"#s en;i lu"##" "%#ns4e%#se !#n #l&#li 4os4#"#se !#l# e%i"%osi"6 Asam Bongkrek
Bongkrek(c Ac(* 85#ar&o,2me%'25$07 me%'o,2510$90:$5%r(me%'2*ocosa5 5:04090$:0$40$90:; 'ep%aene*(o(c Ac(*.
As# 7on&%e& e3un$#i %uus &ii# ?2.H+.OB e%u3#&#n #s# "%i&#%7o&sil#" "i!#& /enuh6 "o&sin "e%se7u" !#3#" en#nu e"#7olise li&oen !en#n eo7ilis#si li&oen !#%i h#"i sehin# "e%/#!i hi3e%li&ii# $#n &eu!i#n 7e%u7#h en/#!i hi3oli&ii#6 Pen!e%i"# hi3oli&ei# 7i#s#n$# enin#l , h#%i se"el#h enonsusi "e3e 7on&%e& $#n 7e%#'un6 As# 7on&%e& e%u3#&#n inhi7i"o% &u#" 7#i i"o&on!%i#6 As# 7on&%e& #&#n enu"u3i uus 5SH !#%i ATP5#se #&i7#"n$# 3%o!usi ATP 3#!# i"i&on!%i# "e%hen"i sehin# ATP !i3%o!u&si !i lu#% i"o&on!%i# se'#%# li&olisis !#%i li&oen '#!#n#n $#n #!# !i !#l# h#"i6 P%oses "e%/#!in$# 3enu%#i#n li&oen h#"i /#n"un !#n o"o"5o"o" #&#n en$e7#7&#n &#!#% lu&os# !#%#h n#i&6 Se"el#h 3e%se!i##n li&oen h#7is #&# lu&os# !#%#h #&#n see%# "u%un !#n 3en!e%i"# #&#n en#l#i #si!osis6 5
P%o!u&si #s# 7on&%e& #&si#l #!#l#h , !#%i "i#3 %# #3#s &el#3#6 P%o!u&si ini "e%/#!i #&siu !#l#n + J h#%i 3#!# suhu o3"iu +0o?6 As# 7on&%e& 7e&e%/# se'#%# #&uul#"i4 !#n #&#n en$e7#7&#n &e#"i#n en!#!#& se"el#h %#'unn$# "e%&u3ul !i!#l# "u7uh %#'un i"u "i!#& u!#h !iin#&"i4&#n #"#u !i!e"o&si4i&#si #u3un !ie&s&%esi oleh "u7uh6
BAB III PEMBAHASAN KA!IAN KASS Ti# =#%# !i <#7u3#"en Te#l >#=# Ten#h "e=#s !i!u# &e%#'un#n "e3e 7on&%e&6 Se!#n&#n =#%# l#inn$# $#n en&onsusi #&#n#n $#n s## h#%us !il#%i&#n &e %u#h s#&i" &#%en# &on!isin$#
&%i"is se"el#h en#l#i un"#h5un"#h6 Tn6 A
enhe7us&#n n#3#s "e%#&hi%n$# se"el#h se7elun$# se3#" !i7#=# &e %u#h s#&i"6 Se!#n&#n Su'i In!%i#=#n enin#l 7e7e%#3# /# &eu!i#n "#n3# se3#" en!#3#" 3e%#=#"#n !i %u#h s#&i" 7#h&#n su!#h en#l#i 3en!#%#h#n !#%i hi!un !#n ulu"6 Se!#n&#n N$6 9 enin#l se"el#h se7elun$# se3#" en!#3#" 3e%#=#"#n 7e7e%#3# /# !i Ru#h S#&i" Muh##!i$#h A%!i=#%n#6 Sel#in + o%#n &o%7#n "e=#s =#%# Des# Se"u $#n /u# i&u" en&onsusi "e3e 7on&%e& h#%us !il#%i&#n &e %u#h s#&i" &#%en# en#l#i un"#h5un"#h !#n 3ins#n6
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Pen$i3#n#n 7#h#n en"#h un"u& 7#h#n 3#n#n seh#%usn$# !isi3#n enun#&#n =#!#h &husus !#n !isi3#n !i"e3#" $#n ##n 3#!# suhu "e%"en"u6 N#un !#l# &#sus ini 7#h#n en"#h !#%i "e3e 7on&%e& $#n 7e%u3# #3#s &el#3# h#n$# !isi3#n !#l# =#!#h 7e%u3# 7#s&o #"#u !%u $#n 7e%isi #i%6 P%oses 3en$i3#n#n 7#h#n en"#h ini "i!#& eenuhi s$#%#" &#%en# h#l ini !#3#" eun&in&#n "e%/#!in$# 3%oses 3en'e#%#n oleh )e&"o% !#n 7in#"#n 3en#nu se3e%"i &e'o# !#n "i&us6 +6 Penol#h#n 9#h#n Men"#h P%oses 3enol#h#n "e3e 7on&%e& 'u&u3 se!e%h#n# !#n h#3i% s## !en#n 3e7u#"#n "e3e 3#!# uun$# $#n e7e!#&#n h#n$# 7#h#n $#n !iun#&#n6 Pe%"##5 "## #3#s &el#3# #"#u 7un&il &el#3# !i%en!# se#l# se"el#h i"u !i'u'i !i3e%#s #i%n$# !#n !i&u&us sel## &u%#n le7ih s#"u /#6 Seles#i !i&u&us #3#s &el#3# !i'#3u% !en#n "e3e $#n en#n!un #n "e3e #"#u #n 7on&%e& : Rhizopus oryzae6 ?#3u%#n ini &eu!i#n !i7un&us !en#n !#un 3is#n #"#u !ih#3#%&#n !i #"#s n$i%u $#n !i"u"u3 !en#n !#un 3is#n6 Se"el#h !i7i#%&#n !u# h#%i #3#s &el#3# #&#n !i"u7uhi #n "e3e6 9il# 3e7u#"#n "e3e 7on&%e& "i!#& "e%&on"#in#si oleh i&%oo%#nise 7e%7#h#$# "e3e 7on&%e& l#$#& !i#&#n6 D#l# &#sus ini "e3e 7on&%e& $#n !i#&#n oleh =#%# en$e7#7&#n &e%#'un#n se"el#h !i#&#n
h#l ini !iun&in&#n oleh &#%en# !#l# 3%oses 3enol#h#n
3e7u#"#n "e3e 7#i& 3en/##h #u3un lin&un#n "e3#" e7u#" "e3e ini "i!#& #"#u &u%#n e3e%h#"i&#n 4#&"o% &e7e%sih#n6 Te3e 7on&%e& $#n !iol#h se'#%# "i!#& h$enis 3#!# s##" 3%oses 4e%en"#si !#3#" "e%&on"#in#si oleh se/enis 7#&"e%i $#n "u7uh le7ih 'e3#" "u7uh !#%i3#!# #n 7on&%e&6 9#&"e%i $#n enelu#%&#n %#'un i"u #!#l#h Pseudomonas cocovenenans6 Te3e 7on&%e& se%in !i"u7uhi 7#&"e%i i"u &#%en# #sih en#n!un 7#n$#& le#&6 9#&"e%i Pseudomonas cocovenenans #"#u 9u%&hol!e%i# l#!ioli 3#"ho)#% 'o'o)enen#s $#n enelu#%&#n en;i $#n #3u enhi!%olis# le#&5le#& $#n #!# 3#!# 7#h#n 7#&un$# sehin# enh#sil&#n "o&so4l#)in !#n #s# 7on&%e& $#n s#n#" 7e%#'un !#n e#"i&#n 7#i si#3# s#/# $#n enonsusin$#6 R#'un5%#'un "#!i "i!#& #"i !#n "i!#& %us#& se&#li3un !#l# suhu !i #"#s 100 !e%#/#" 'el'ius 7#i& i"u !i#s#& se7##i s#$u% #u3un !io%en6 ,6 Pen$i3#n#n Pen#n&u"#n Pen$#/i#n M#&#n#n >#!i
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Pen$i3#n#n 3en#n&u"#n !#n 3en$#/i#n "e3e 7on&%e& &u%#n #"#u "i!#& 7e%3en#%uh "e%h#!#3 3e%is"i=# &e%#'un#n $#n !i#l#i 3en!u!u&6 H#l ini !i&#%en#&#n 4#&"o% u"## &#sus &e%#'un#n ini #!#l#h &#%en# &u%#n e3e%h#"i&#n 4#&"o% &e7e%sih#n !#l# 3e7u#"#n sehin# "e%/#!i &on"#in#si oleh 7#&"e%i Pseudomonas cocovenenans $#n enh#sil&#n %#'un $#n "i!#& 7is# %us#& =#l#u3un !i#s#& !i#"#s suhu 100 !e%#/#" 'el'ius6* A!e Pu"%i!&& -
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