Makalah Bahasa Inggris

RESEARCH DESIGN COMPARISON OF HIV/AIDS DISEASE IN VARIOUS COUNTRY 

By : Nurma Fauziana 13304241003 Biology Education Class A Semester II

FACULTY OF MATHEMATIC AND NATURAL SCIENCE  YOGY  YOGYAKART AKARTA STA STATE UNIVERSITY 

2014 A !"E#$I!ICA% BASE& Ac'uired Immune &e(ciency Syndrome )AI&S* is a collection o+ sym,toms caused -y "I. )"uman Immuno &e(ciency .irus* /ic /ill -e contagious and deadly !is irus damages te immune system o+ te uman -ody /it te result tat te releant loss o+ -ody resistance so it can easily -ecome in+ected and die +rom in+ectious diseases and oter cancers ntil no/ tere as -een +ound a ,reentie accine or drug to cure !e ,eriod -et/een in+ection and te a,,earance o+ disease sym,toms in adults consuming an aerage o+ 56 years &uring tis ,eriod altoug still loo7s ealty conscious or not ,eo,le liing /it "I. can transmit te irus to oters

Transmss!n !" HIV / AIDS Because AI&S is not a disease AI&S is not contagious in+ectious "I. is te irus tat causes AI&S immune aciee +uture !e irus is ,resent in a solution o+ li'uid -lood and semen agina  and can also -e transmitted troug -lood contact or te li'uid In oter -ody 8uids "I. is ery lo/ concentrations tat can not -e a media or transmission cannel  !ere are no sym,toms i+ a ,erson already in+ected /it "I. in oter /ords ,eo,le /o are "I. diagnosis can not -e recognized -y certain sym,toms in addition to "I.5in+ected ,eo,le may not +eel te ,ain 9onts or years o+ a ,erson /o is already in+ected can surie /itout so/ing clinical sym,toms ty,ical -ut a ne/ loo7 at te AI&S stage  !ere are +our modes o+ "I. transmission First troug seual contact /it a ,erson /it "I. /itout ,rotection or use contrace,tion )condoms* !e second /ay "I. can -e transmitted troug trans+usion /it -lood contaminated /it "I. !e tird /ay a moter /it "I. can also ,ass it on to te -a-y it does not mean "I. ; AI&S is a ereditary disease -ecause te disease is in te deriatie o+ uman genes /ereas "I. is transmitted /en maternal -lood or aginal 8uids ma7e contact /it 8uid or -lood son And te +ourt /ay is troug te use a7u+untur needles ,iercing needles and oter e'ui,ment tat ae -een used -y ,eo,le /it "I.  !e ,ossi-ility o+ "I. transmission troug +our metods a-oe are not te same it can -e seen in te ta-le -elo/ :

Transmss!n #$r!%&$ "I.5in+ected -lood trans+usion "I. +rom moter to cild at -irt <

T$' (!ss)*#+ !" n"',#!n ('r ,!n#a,# -. ?@ 1530

Needle

06

"y,odermic needle

02@

Needle ,uncture

0 to 10

Syringes at drug addicts

00 to 10

Seual intercourse

00 to 023

Boys to men

003 to 0

9ale to +emale

Could not -e ascertained

Female to male Anal se = #ral se =

Idem Idem Idem

>enis into te mout = 9out to agina = Source: TIME )23;51@@6* and AIDS and Men : Taking the Risk of Taking Responsibility  ) >anos  %ondon  1@@@* and oter sources >rocessing o+ data -y te autors  !e a-oe data indicate te greatest li7eliood o+ transmission /en a ,erson gets a trans+usion /it -lood tat is in+ected /it "I. /ill -ecome in+ected ?@ -et/een 1530 ,ositie ,regnant /omen /ill ,ass te irus to er un-orn cild !e ,ossi-ility o+ transmission can -e reduced to ? /it te andling and use o+ ,ysician s,ecialty drugs /ile ,regnant ) >earl  ?631521 1@@6* and more li7ely tan not contracted to 10 ,er7onta7 drug addicts are on te inections

 !ere is one more condition tat is conducie to te s,read o+ "I. ; AI&S /en a ,erson as -een e,osed to a enereal disease  enereal disease /ic is commonly 7no/n as sy,ilis gonorrea ; D# er,es and clanydia A-oe disease can ma7e a ulnera-le to "I. in+ection due to er ,re5eisting disease can cause re,roductie tract in+ections "I. can enter easily troug te already sic7  !e a-oe data indicate te greatest li7eliood o+ transmission /en a ,erson gets a trans+usion /it -lood tat is in+ected /it "I. /ill -ecome in+ected ?@ -et/een 1530 ,ositie ,regnant /omen /ill ,ass te irus to er un-orn cild !e ,ossi-ility o+ transmission can -e reduced to ? /it te andling and use o+ ,ysician s,ecialty drugs /ile ,regnant and more li7ely tan not contracted to 10 ,er contact drug addicts are on te inections

D''*!(m'n# !" HIV/AIDS n #$' !r* A+ter te (rst case o+ "I. ; AI&S /as discoered in 1@?1 today as a ,andemic attac7ing millions o+ ,eo,le in eery country in te /orld and attac7ing men /omen and cildren "# estimates tat a-out 10512 million adults and cildren in te /orld ae -een in+ected and eery day 000 ,eo,le are in+ected -y te "I. irusAccording to estimates in 2000 is no/ a-out 10 million ,eo,le /ill -e liing /it AI&S ? million o+ tem /ill dieAt tat time te rate o+ in+ection in /omen /ill -e muc +aster tan in men From around @0 o+ "I. in+ections /ill occur in deelo,ing countries terutema in Asia  te countries most seerely aected are: !ailandestimated tat -et/een 00 tousand and ?00 tousand ina-itants ae -een in+ected India as reaced an aerage o+ -et/een 25 million in Bom-ay ad 0 o+ se /or7ers and 22 o+ ,regnant /omen already in+ected /it te "I. irus ile te deelo,ed countries ae managed to reduce te rate o+ "I. in+ection in te country For more details see ta-le da,at- estimated "I. ; AI&S e,idemic in te /orld )Gune 1@@?*

Region

 

Number

North America

86!

Caribbean

"#!

Latin America

#!"!

Western Europe

$8!

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

#%!

North Africa and the Middle East

&#!

Saharan Africa South Asia and South East Asia East Asia and the Pacific

&#!! '!8! $&!

 Australia and New Zealand

Total

#&!

30.582 million

Source: Report on the Global HI ! AIDS Epide"ic# $une %&&'# ()AIDS ! *H+,

B "H>#!"ESIS  !e aerage age o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease /ill C >#>%A!I#N AN& SA9>E% In tis researc /ill -e used te aerage age o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease and te country /ere tey lie !ere is 4 ,art o+ te column in te ta-le : First column te content o+ te aerage age o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease Second column te content o+ amount o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease !ird column te content o+ te country /ere tey lie and te +ourt te gender te ,eo,le /o as "I. disease

Eam,le : !ere are aerage age ,eo,le /o liing /it "I. disease is 20 years old te country /ere tey lie is America te amount o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease is 12 ,eo,le in tat country and te gender o+ ,eo,le /o as "I. disease & E>E$I9EN! &ESIDN Rando"i-ed .ontrol //// Group 0osttest +nly Design E !AB%E #F &A!A No 

 !e aerage age o+  ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease

 !e amount o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease

Country

9ale;Femal e

1 2 3 4   10 Note : (ll te column /it aerage age eac ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease te amount o+ ,eo,le liing /it "I. disease te country /ere tey lie and /at gender tey ae