PAPERS “
DANGERS OF DRUGS”
“
Prepared by: Ari Rusliyanto PAI VII.2
Lecture : M. Irham, M.Ag
JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA ISLAM AL-MASTHURIYAH SUKABUMI 2017
PREFACE
Assalamua’alaikum Wr.Wb
Praise we pray Allah Almighty. Because of the blessing and his guidance we can finish this paper. Shalawat along gushing greetings to Prophet Muhammad as well as friends and family until the end of time. Thank God I can finish a paper submitted to fulfill one task subjects "English" all this thanks to the support of all parties, especially the supervisor M. Irham, SsMSi which already provide support in the writing of this paper. In this paper we discuss about Reading Comprehension, Hopefully with this paper is expected someone to be able to read and understand the contents of the English text. However, it was realized that this paper is far from perfect and there are errors in writing or references are still inadequate. Speakers apologize and hopefully this effort speakers guidance and pleasure Allah. Amin yaa Rabbal ‘Alamin
December, 2017
Author
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background ................................................ .................... 1 B. Formulation of The Problem ......................................... 1 C. The Purpose ................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. Definition ................................................... .................... 2 B. Various Drugs ................................................................ 3 C. Factors that Encourage ................................................ .. 4 D. Hazard ............................................... ............................. 5 E. Translate ........................................................................ 6 F. Question ......................................................................... 12 G. Answer .............................................. ............................. 12 H. Vocabulary ................................................. .................... 14
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. Conclution .................................................. .................... 14 B. Suggestion .................................................. .................... 14
REFERENCE
ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Drugs are the abbreviation of narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive materials. Drug familiar terminology used by law enforcement officials, such as police (including the National Narcotics Agency), prosecutors, judges and correctional officers. In addition to drugs, another term that refers to all three of these substances are drugs that of narcotics, psychotropic and addictive substances. The term drug more commonly used by healthcare practitioners and rehabilitation. But in essence the meaning of both terms still refer to the three types of the same substance. According to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics Narcotics are narcotics mentioned sense are "substances or drugs derived from plant or not plant either synthetic or semi-synthetic that can cause degradation or alteration of consciousness, loss of taste, reduce to eliminate pain, and can creating dependency ". The drug is actually a legal drug that digukan in medicine, however, woman is widely abused drugs. Even young people who use drugs are not little. Many of those who use the drug for reasons of mental pleasure, but not much mengetahuai sayingnya dangers of drugs. Therefore, in addition to completing the task of subjects Bhs. Indonesia, we kam i compile this paper aims to provide information how dangerous drugs. B. Formulation of The Problem
1. What sense Drugs? 2. How many kinds of drugs? 3. What are the dangers of drugs? 1.
Purpose
1. For Knowing about drugs 2. For Knowing many kinds of drugs 3. For Knowing are dangers of drugs
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CHAPTER II DISCUSSION
A. Definition Drugs are the abbreviation of narcotics, psychotropic and other addictive
materials. Drug familiar terminology used by law enforcement officials, such as police (including the National Narcotics Agency), prosecutors, judges and correctional officers. In addition to drugs, another term that refers to all three of these substances are drugs that of narcotics, psychotropic and addictive substances. The term drug more commonly used by healthcare practitioners and rehabilitation. But in essence the meaning of both terms still refer to the three types of the same substance. According to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics Narcotics are narcotics mentioned sense are "substances or drugs derived from plant or not plant either synthetic or semi-synthetic that can cause degradation or alteration of consciousness, loss of taste, reduce to eliminate pain, and can creating dependency ". Psychotropic is "a substance or drug, either natural or synthetic non-narcotic, which is efficacious psychoactive through selective effect on the central nervous system that causes typical changes in mental activity and behavior". Other addictive substances are "substances or other materials instead of narcotics and psychotropic substances that affect the brain and can lead to dependence" Nonetheless, it is important note that not all types of narcotics and psychotropic use is prohibited. Because quite a lot of narcotics and psychotropic also has great benefits in the field of medicine and for the benefit of the development of knowledge. According to Law 22 of 1997 and Law No. 5 of 1997, narcotics and psychotropic substances are included in Group I is a type of substance that is considered illegal. As a result of the illegalnya status, anyone who has, manufacture, use, distribute and / or distribute narcotics and psychotropic Category I may be imposed in accordance with the provisions of the criminal law apply.
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B. Various Drugs
1. Opium Papaver somniferum plant sap obtained by tapping (scraping) who want ripe fruit. The sap that comes out white and named "lates". The sap is allowed to dry on the surface of the fruit that is brown-black-and post-processing will be a soft dough that resembles asphalt. This is called raw opium or opium rough. Opium contains an assortment of rugged active substances are often misused. Opium cook brown color is dark brown or blackish. Traded in packaging tin box with assorted stamp, among other snakes, skulls, eagle, globe, cap 999, cap dog, etc.. Its use by means of sucked. 2. Morphine Morphine is produced from opium / opiate raw. Merupaakan main alkaloid morphine from opium (C17H19NO3). Morphine tastes bitter, a fine white powder form or in the form of a colorless liquid. Its use b y means of smoked and injected. 3. Heroin (heroin) Heroin had a power of two times stronger than morphine and is the type most commonly abused opiate people in Indonesia at the end - this end. Heroin, which is pharmacologically similar to morphine causes people to become sleepy and erratic mood swings. Although the manufacture, sale and possession of heroin is illegal, but the attempted heroin remains available for patients with terminal cancer as analgesic and euphoric effects it good. 4. Morphine Codeine including salt / derivative of opium / opium. Codeine effects are weaker than heroin, and its potential to cause low ketergantungaan. Usually sold in pill form or liquid clear. How to use ingested and injected. 5. Demerol Another name of Demerol is pethidina. Its use can be swallowed or by injection. Demerol is sold in a pill form and colorless liquid.
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6. Methadone Currently many digunakanorang Methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. Opioid antagonists have been made to treat opioid overdose and opioid dependence. A large number of synthetic narcotics (opioids) have been made, including meperidine (Demerol), methadone (Dolphine), pentazocine (Talwin), and propocyphene (Darvon). Methadone is currently widely used in the treatment of opioid dependence. Opioid antagonists have been made to treat opioid overdose and opioid dependence. The drug class is nalaxone (Narcan), naltrxone (Trexan), nalorphine, levalorphane, and apomorphine. A number of compounds with activity mix of agonists and antagonists have been synthesized, and the compounds are pentazocine, butorphanol (Stadol), and buprenorphine (Buprenex). Several studies have found that buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid dependence. Name popoler types of opioids: putauw, etep, PT, white.
C. Factors that Encourage
Motivation in substance abuse and drug-related mo tivational concerns turned out to individual circumstances (individual motivation) is about the physical, emotional, intellectual and mental-interpersonal. In addition to the individual motivations that lead to an action of substance abuse, there are other factors that have a close relationship with substance abuse condition that sociocultural factors such as the following, and this is a deep pressed mood in adolescents; among others:
Divide the family unit eg divorce, the family mov ed, parents no / rarely at home and so on.
The influence of mass media such as advertisements on drugs and substances.
Rapid technological change.
escape values and religious systems as well as the melting of moral standards; (this means the need coaching character - Akhlaq)
Increased idle time.
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Imbalance economic circumstances such as poverty, e conomic disparity ethno racial, luxury boring and so on.
Being a man for others
D. Hazard
1. According to the effect Hallucinogens, the effects of the drug can result if taken in certain doses so can result in a person becoming air-hallucinations to see a thing / object that does not exist / is not a real example, cocaine and LSD Stimulants, effects of drugs that can lead to employment organs such as the heart and brain working faster than usual work resulting in a more powerful one for a while, and tend to make the user more happy and excited for a while Depressants, the effects of drugs that can depress the central nervous system and reduces the functional activity of the body, so that the wearer feel calm even may make users sleep and unconsciousness. For example, heroin Addictive, Someone who is taking drugs usually will want and want again because of certain substances in the drug resulted in a person tends to be passive, because the drug indirectly decide the nerves in the brain, such as marijuana, heroin, heroin If it is too long and had drug addiction then gradually organs in the body will be damaged and if it exceeds the dose then the user will eventually overdose and death
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2. by type As for the dangers of drugs by type are as follows:
a. pioids:
b. Cocaine
severe depression apathy
The heart rate increases rapidly
restless
excessive fatigue
excessive joy
lazy to move
increased sense of self-esteem
much sleep
much to say
nervous o restless
convulsions
always feel suspicious
dilated pupils
The heart rate increases rapidly o
cold sweat
excessive joy
nausea to vomiting
much to say but slurred
easy fight
increased sense of self-esteem o
convulsions
arteries
pupils shrink
The increase in blood pressure
cold sweat
nausea to vomiting
injury to the nasal cavity bulkhead
loss of appetite
weight loss
bleeding on the brain o blocked
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uncontrolled eye movements
stiffness of the neck muscles
c. Marijuana
d. Ectasy
puffy eyes
his face pale,
eyelids look swollen, red, and
energetic but his eyes glazed and
watery
sweating
often daydream
difficulty sleeping
hearing impaired
always laugh
sometimes quick-tempered
not excited
restless
no appetite
dehydration
The optic nerve is damaged
brain damage dehydration liver disorders bone and tooth loss
bones brittle teeth
liver
nerve and brain damaged optic nerve schizophrenia
e. Shabu-shabu:
f. Benzodiazepines:
energetic paranoid
staggered
facial redness
difficulty sleeping
much to say but slurred
difficult to think
irritability
impaired concentration
damage to body organs,
brain damage, especially nerves that control breathing to feel shortness of breath
much to say
The heart rate increases rapidly
especially the brain
brain hemorrhage shock to the heart's blood vessels that will lead to death.
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Terjemah
A.
Definisi
Narkoba adalah singkatan dari narkotika, psikotropika dan bahan adiktif lainnya. Terminologi yang dikenal oleh dokter yang digunakan oleh aparat penegak hukum, seperti polisi (termasuk Badan Narkotika Nasional), jaksa, hakim dan petugas pemasyarakatan. Selain obat-obatan, istilah lain yang mengacu pada ketiga zat ini adalah obat-obatan narkotik, zat psikotropika dan adiktif. Istilah obat lebih umum digunakan oleh praktisi kesehatan dan rehabilitasi. Namun intinya arti kedua istilah tersebut tetap mengacu pada tiga jenis zat yang sama. Menurut UU 22 tahun 1997 tentang Narkotika Narkotika adalah narkotika yang dimaksud adalah "zat atau obat yang berasal dari tumbuhan atau tidak tanaman baik sintetis atau semi sintetis yang dapat menyebabkan degradasi atau perubahan kesadaran, kehilangan rasa, mengurangi untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit, dan dapat menciptakan ketergantungan ". Psikotropika adalah "zat atau obat, baik yang bersifat alami atau sintetis nonnarkotika, yang manjur secara psikoaktif melalui efek selektif pada sistem saraf pusat yang menyebabkan perubahan khas pada aktivitas dan perilaku mental". Zat adiktif lainnya adalah "zat atau bahan lain, bukan zat narkotika dan psikotropika yang mempengaruhi otak dan dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan." Meskipun demikian, penting dicatat bahwa tidak semua jenis narkotika dan penggunaan psikotropika dilarang. Karena cukup banyak narkotika dan psikotropika juga memiliki manfaat besar di bidang kedokteran dan untuk kepentingan pengembangan pengetahuan. Menurut UU No. 22 tahun 1997 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1997, zat narkotika dan psikotropika termasuk dalam Kelompok I adalah jenis zat yang dianggap ilegal. Akibat status tidak resmi, siapa saja yang memiliki, memproduksi, menggunakan, mendistribusikan dan / atau mendistribusikan narkotika dan psikotropika Kategori I dapat dikenakan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum pidana yang berlaku.
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B. Macam – macam Narkoba 1. Opium
Papaver somniferum getah tanaman diperoleh dengan mengetuk (scraping) yang menginginkan buah matang. Getah yang keluar putih dan diberi nama "lates". Getah tersebut diijinkan mengering di permukaan buah yang berwarna coklathitam-dan pasca pengolahan akan menjadi adonan lembut yang menyerupai aspal. Ini disebut raw opium atau opium kasar. Opium mengandung bermacammacam zat aktif kasar yang sering disalahgunakan. Cokelat opium berwarna coklat kecoklatan atau kehitam-hitaman. Diperdagangkan dalam kemasan kotak timah dengan berbagai macam stempel, antara lain ular, tengkorak, elang, globe, topi 999, cap dog, dll. Penggunaannya dengan cara mengisap. 2. Morfin Morfin diproduksi dari opium / opiat mentah. Merupaakan morfin alkaloid utama dari opium (C17H19NO3). Morfin rasanya pahit, bentuk serbuk putih halus atau dalam bentuk cairan tak berwarna. Penggunaannya dengan cara diisap dan disuntikkan. 3.
Heroin (heroin) Heroin memiliki kekuatan dua kali lebih kuat dari pada morfin dan merupakan tipe yang paling sering disalahgunakan orang-orang opiat di Indonesia pada akhirnya - akhir ini. Heroin, yang secara farmakologis mirip dengan morfin menyebabkan orang menjadi mengantuk dan suasana hati yang tidak menentu. Meskipun pembuatan, penjualan dan kepemilikan heroin adalah ilegal, namun heroin yang dicoba tetap tersedia untuk pasien kanker stadium akhir sebagai efek analgesik dan euforia.
4.
Morfin Codeine termasuk garam / turunan opium / opium. Efek kodein lebih lemah dari heroin, dan potensinya menyebabkan ketergantungaan rendah. Biasanya dijual dalam bentuk pil atau cairan bening. Cara menggunakan tertelan dan disuntikkan.
5.
Demerol
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Nama lain dari Demerol adalah pethidina. Penggunaannya bisa ditelan atau dengan suntikan. Demerol dijual dalam bentuk pil dan cairan tak berwarna. 6.
Metadon Saat ini banyak digunakanorang Metadon dalam pengobatan ketergantungan opioid. Antagonis opioid telah dilakukan untuk mengobati overdosis opioid dan ketergantungan opioid. Sejumlah besar narkotika sintetis (opioid) telah dibuat, termasuk meperidin (Demerol), metadon (Dolphine), pentazocine (Talwin), dan propocyphene (Darvon). Metadon saat ini banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan ketergantungan opioid. Antagonis opioid telah dilakukan untuk mengobati overdosis opioid dan ketergantungan opioid. Kelas obat adalah nalaxone (Narcan), naltrxone (Trexan), nalorfin, levalorfin, dan apomorfin. Sejumlah senyawa dengan aktivitas campuran agonis dan antagonis telah disintesis, dan senyawanya
adalah
pentazocine,
butorphanol
(Stadol),
dan
buprenorfin
(Buprenex). Beberapa penelitian menemukan bahwa buprenorfin adalah pengobatan yang efektif untuk ketergantungan opioid. Nama popoler jenis opioid: putauw, etep, PT, putih.
C. Faktor yang Mendorong
Motivasi dalam penyalahgunaan zat dan masalah motivasi terkait obat ternyata keadaan individu (motivasi individu) adalah tentang fisik, emosional, intelektual dan mental-interpersonal. Selain motivasi individu yang mengarah pada tindakan penyalahgunaan zat, ada faktor lain yang memiliki hubungan dekat dengan kondisi penyalahgunaan zat sehingga faktor sosiokultural seperti berikut, dan ini adalah suasana hati yang dalam pada remaja; diantara yang lain:
Bagi unit keluarga misalnya perceraian, keluarga pindah, orang tua tidak / jarang di rumah dan sebagainya.
Pengaruh media massa seperti iklan obat dan zat.
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Perubahan teknologi yang cepat.
Melepaskan nilai-nilai dan sistem keagamaan serta melebarnya standar moral; (ini berarti karakter pembinaan kebutuhan - Akhlaq)
Ketidakseimbangan keadaan ekonomi seperti kemiskinan, disparitas ekonomi etno rasial, kemewahan membosankan dan sebagainya
Menjadi pria untuk orang lain.
D. Bahaya
1.
Menurut pengaruhnya Halusinogen, efek obat bisa terjadi jika diminum dalam dosis tertentu sehingga bisa mengakibatkan seseorang menjadi halusinasi udara untuk melihat benda / benda yang tidak ada / bukan contoh nyata, kokain dan LSD, Stimulan, efek obat yang bisa mengakibatkan kerja organ seperti jantung dan otak bekerja lebih cepat dari pada pekerjaan biasa sehingga menghasilkan yang lebih kuat untuk sementara, dan cenderung membuat pengguna lebih senang dan bersemangat untuk sementara, Depresi, efek obat yang bisa menekan sistem saraf pusat dan mengurangi aktivitas fungsional tubuh, sehingga pemakainya merasa tenang bahkan bisa membuat pengguna tidur dan tidak sadarkan diri. Misalnya heroin Kecanduan, Seseorang yang mengonsumsi obat biasanya akan menginginkan dan menginginkan lagi karena zat tertentu dalam obat tersebut mengakibatkan seseorang cenderung pasif, karena obat tersebut secara tidak langsung menentukan saraf di otak, seperti ganja, heroin, heroin. Jika terlalu lama dan memiliki kecanduan obat maka secara bertahap organ dalam tubuh akan rusak dan jika melebihi dosis maka pengguna pada akhirnya akan overdosis dan mati.
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Question
1. What is the topic of the text ? 2. What is the main idea of the text ? 3. What the Defnition of Drugs According to Law 22 of 1997 on Narcotics ? 4. What the meaning of Psychotropic ? 5. What the meaning of Material Adictive ? 6. What Factors that Encourage adolescents use to D rugs ? 7. What the kinds of Drugs ? 8. Why Drugs Dangerous ? 9. What the effect of cocain 10. What the effect of Shabu – shabu ?
Answer
1. Drugs 2. Dangers of Drugs 3. Substances or drugs derived from plant or not plant either synthetic or semisynthetic that can cause degradation or alteration of consciousness, loss of taste, reduce to eliminate pain, and can creating dependency 4. Substance or drug, either natural or synthetic non-narcotic, which is efficacious psychoactive through selective effect on the central nervous system that causes typical changes in mental activity and behavior". 5. Addictive substances are "substances or other materials instead of narcotics and psychotropic substances that affect the brain and can lead to dependence 6. This is a deep pressed mood in adolescents; among others:
Divide the family unit eg divorce, the family moved, parents no / rarely at home and so on.
The influence of mass media such as advertisements on drugs and substances.
Rapid technological change.
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escape values and religious systems as well as the melting of moral standards; (this means the need coaching character - Akhlaq)
Increased idle time.
Imbalance economic circumstances such as poverty, economic disparity ethno racial, luxury boring and so on.
7.
8.
Being a man for others
Varius of Drugs
Opium
Morphine
Heroin (heroin)
Morphine
Demerol
Methadone
Hallucinogens, the effects of the drug can result if taken in certain doses so can result in a person becoming air-hallucinations to see a thing / object that does not exist / is not a real example heroin If it is too long and had drug addiction then gradually organs in the body will be damaged and if it exceeds the dose then the user will eventually overdose and death
9.
Effect Cocain
The heart rate increases rapidly
restless
excessive joy
increased sense of self-esteem
much to say
convulsions
dilated pupils
cold sweat
nausea to vomiting
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10. Effect Shabu - shabu • energetic • paranoid • difficulty sleeping • difficult to think • brain damage, especially nerves that control breathing to feel shortness of breath • much to say Vocabulary
1.
Drugs
: Narkoba
2.
addictive materials
: Zat Adiktif
3.
Awareness
: kesadaran
4.
Dependency
: ketergantungan
5.
Banned
: dilarang
6.
Misused
: disalahgunakan
7.
Pill
: pil
8.
Clear Liquid
: cairan bening
9.
Abuse
: penyalahgunaan
10. Sucking
: mengisap.
11. Euphoria
: euforia.
12. Overdose
: overdosis
13. Compound
: senyawa
14. Mix
: campuran
15. Effect
: efek
16. Addiction
: Kecanduan
17. Broken
: rusak
18. Morfin
: Morphine (jenis Narkoba)
19. Demerol
: Demerol (jenis Narkoba)
20. Metadon
: Methadone (jenis Narkoba)
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CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Of the above papers can ditark conclusion that 1) Drugs are very dangerous goods and can damage the nervous system that can change a person's personality becomes progressively worse 2) Drug crime is a source of action which could undermine norms and tranquility 3) Potential negative impacts which affect the body both physically and psychologically B. Suggestion
Finally the paper entitled drug effects for adolescents has been completed and hopefully this short paper such bias benefit us all that well for the General Student so they can understand about the dangers of drugs are biting our moral bias and as the younger generation.
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REFERENCE
• Effendi, Luqman, 2008. Basics Module Sociology & Sociology KesehatanI. Jakarta: PSKM FKK ISTA. •
•
Kartono, Kartini, 1992. Pathology II Juvenile Delinquency. Jakarta: Rajawali.
•
Mangku, Made Pastika, Mudji Waluyo, Arief Sumarwoto, and Ulani Yunus, 2007. Drug prevention is early age. Jakarta: The National Narcotics Board of Indonesia.
•
Shadily, Hassan, 1993. Sociology For Indonesian Society. Jakarta: PT Rineka Reserved.
Soekanto, Suryono, 2006. An Introduction to Sociology. Jakarta: PT King Grafindo Persuda • Sofyan, Ahmadi, 2007. Drug Targeting Your Children A Guide for Parents, Teachers, and the National Narcotics Drug Prevention Among Adolescents. New York: Library Publisher Achievement.
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