MAKALAH
PROMOSI KESEHATAN
DOSEN PEMBIMBING : Bunda Sri Sumiati AB, M.Kes. Disusun oe! : DI" KEBIDANAN TK. II
POLITEKNIK KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA POLTEKKES KEMENKES BENGKULU TAHUN TAHUN AKADEMIK 2016/2017 201 6/2017 DIV KEBIDANAN
1
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala pu! "ag! Alla# S$T% &a'g (ela# )el!)pa#*a' #!+a&a# ,e-(a *a-u'!a. N&a *epa+a pe'ul!,% ,e#!'gga +apa( )e'&ele,a!*a' )a*ala# !'! +e'ga' la'a- (a'pa #ala'ga' &a'g "e-a-(! S#l S#la aa( a( ,e-( ,e-(aa ,ala ,ala) ) pe'u pe'ul! l!,, #a(u #a(u-* -*a' a' *epa *epa+a +a u' u'u' u'ga ga' ' *!(a *!(a Na"! Na"! Mu#a)) Mu#a))a+ a+ SA$ SA$% ,e-(a ,e-(a ,a#a"a( ,a#a"a(.,a .,a#a" #a"a('& a('&a% a% pe'g!*u pe'g!*u(.p (.pe'g! e'g!*u( *u('&a '&a &a'g &a'g ,e(!a ,e(!a )e'&a)pa!*a' -!,ala#'&a ,a)pa! a*#!- 3a)a' Se#u"u'ga' +e'ga' *e(e-"a(a,a' *e)a)pua' +a' !l)u &a'g +!)!l!*!% )a*a "!la +ala) pe'ul!,a' )a*ala# !'! (e-+apa( *e,ala#a' +a' *e*el!-ua' )#' *!-a'&a +apa( )e)"e-!*a' *-!(!* ,e-(a ,a-a' &a'g +apa( )e)"aa *epa+a *e"a!*a' Pa+a *e,e)pa(a' !'! pula pe'ul!, uap*a' (e-!)a *a,!# *epa+a Bu'+a S-! Su)!a(! % AB% MKe, ,ela*u ,ela*u +,e' D4 Ke"!+a'a' Ke"!+a'a' Ma(a Kul!a# P-),! P-),! Ke,e#a(a' Ke,e#a(a' % &a'g (ela# )e)"!) )e)"!)"!' "!'g g pe'ul!, pe'ul!, #!'gga #!'gga (e-,el (e-,ele,a e,a!*a !*a' ' )a*ala )a*ala# # &a'g ,e+e-# ,e+e-#a'a a'a !'! !'! Mu+a#. Mu+a#. )u+a#a' a(a, "a'(ua' ,e-(a "!)"!'ga' ,e)ua p!#a*% Alla# S$T a*a' )e)"ala,'&a +e'ga' pa#ala &a'g ,e(!)pal% aa)!' &aa Ra""al aala)!!' A*#!-'&a *epa+a Alla# S$T pe'ul!, "e-#a-ap ,e)ga )a*ala# !'! +apa( "e-)a'5aa( "ag! pe'ul!, +a' pe)"aa pa+a u)u)'&a Be'g*ulu %
e"-ua-! 2017
DIV KEBIDANAN
2
DA#TAR ISI
HALAMAN $%D%L
1
KATA PENGANTAR
2
DA#TAR ISI
BAB I
BAB II II
PENDAH%L%AN
A La( La(a- Bel Bela*a' a*a'g g Ma,al a,ala# a#
4
B Ru)u,a' Ma,ala#
88888888
9
: Tuua'
888888888
9
A De(e-)!'a' Ke,e#a(a'
88888888
6
B Pe-*e)"a'ga' Ke,e#a(a' : Ke,e#a(a' Da,aD Pe'+!+!*a' Ke,e#a(a' E Pela&a'a' Ke,e#a(a'
8888888 88888888 88888888 88888888
1 1; 1 9
A Ke,!)pula'
8888888888
41
B Sa-a'
88888888888
41
PEMBAH MBAHA ASAN
BAB III PEN%T%P
DA#TAR P%STAKA
3
BAB I PENDAH%L%AN A. Latar Latar Be Bea a&an &an' '
Ma,& Ma,&aa-a*a a*a(( )e-upa )e-upa*a *a' ' ,ala ,ala# # ,a(u ,a(u u',u u',u-- u(a) u(a)aa +ala +ala) ) "e-+ "e-+!!-!' !'&a &a ,ua( ,ua(u u 'ega-a 'ega-aNeg Nega-a a-a &a'g &a'g )a*)u)a*)u-%% )e-upa* )e-upa*a' a' (a'+a (a'+a "a#a "a#a 'ega-a 'ega-a (e-,e" (e-,e"u( u( )e)!l! )e)!l!*! *! )a,&a-a*a( &a'g uga )a*)u- Ke)a*)u-a' !'! +!+u*u'g le# "a'&a* 5a*(-Sala# ,a(u'&a a+ala# *e,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' )a,&a-a*a( +! ,ua(u 'ega-a (e-,e"u(Ke,e#a(a' )a,a-a*a( )a,a-a*a( a+ala# !l)u &a'g "e-(uua' "e-(uua' u'(u* )e'ega# pe'&a*!(%)e) pe'&a*!(%)e)pe-pa' pe-pa'a'g a'g #!+up% +a' )e'!'g*a(*a' *e,e#a(a' )elalu! u,a#a.u,a#ape'g-ga'!,a,!a' )a,a-a*a( Sala# ,a(u'&a ,a(u'&a pe'g-ga'!, pe'g-ga'!,a,!a' a,!a' pela&a'a'.pel pela&a'a'.pela&a'a') a&a'a')e+!, e+!, +a' pe-aa(a' pe-aa(a' u'(u* +!ag',a +!'! +a' pe'g"a(a'
*e(u *e(u-u -u'a 'a' '
L!'g L!'g*u' *u'ga ga' '
)e)" )e)"ee-!* !*a' a'
*'( *'(-! -!"u "u,! ,!
(e-" (e-"e, e,aa-
(e-# (e-#a+a a+ap p
(!)"ul'&a)a,ala# *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a(
e'(!5=% pe'&e)"u#a' pe'&a*!( <*u-a(!5=% +a' pe)ul!#a' *e,e#a(a' <-e#a -e#a"! "!l! l!((a(! a(!5=
&a'g a'g
"e-*e,!'a)"u'ga'
+!, +!,ele' ele'gg ggaa-a* a*a' a'
Dala)
-a'g*a
,ea ,ea-a -a
)e)au*a'
)e'& e'&eluelu-u# u#%( %(ee-pa pa+u +u%% *e,e#a(a'
)a,&a-a*a(
+a' +a' ,e-(a
)e'!'g )e'!'g*a( *a(*a' *a' +e-aa +e-aa(( *e,e#a( *e,e#a(a' a' )a,&a)a,&a-a*a( a*a( )a*a )a*a +!pe-l +!pe-lu*a' u*a' ,(-a(e ,(-a(eg! g! p-),! p-),! *e,e *e,e#a( #a(a' a' "a!* "a!* *epa *epa+a +a pe)epe)e-!' !'(a (a#%( #%(* *# # )a,& )a,&aa-a* a*a(% a(% +a' +a' *#u, *#u,u, u,'& '&aa *epa+ *epa+aa )a,&a-a*a(
4
B. Rumusan Masaa! 1= Apa !(u De(e-)!'a' Ke,e#a(a' ? 2= Apa !(u Pe-*e)"a'ga' Ke,e#a(a' ? = Apa !(u Ke,e#a(a' Da,a- ? 4= Apa !(u Pe'+!+!*a' Ke,e#a(a' ? 9= Apa !(u Pela&a'a' Ke,e#a(a' ? (. Tu)uan 1= Me'ge(a#u! pe'ge-(!a' %+a' )aa) @ )aa) +e(e-)!'a' *e,e#a(a' 2= Me'ge(a#u! pe-*e)"a'ga' !l)u *e,e#a(a' % "e* +a' *a! !l)u
*e,e#a(a'%
pe-*e)"a'ga'
p-),!
*e,e#a(a'
+a'
pe-*e)"a'ga'
*e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( +! I'+'e,!a = Me'ge(a#u! *',ep +a,a- pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' % (uua' % 6 p-g-a) p** *e,e#a(a' +a,a- % +a' ,a,a-a' +ala) Ke,e#a(a' Da,a- 4= Me'ge(a#u! pe'ge-(!a' % p-!',!p +a' -ua'g l!'g*up Pe'+!+!*a' Ke,e#a(a' 9= Me'ge(a#u! pe'ge-(!a' % (uua' % le)"aga % l!'g*up ,!,(e) % (!'g*a( +a' 5a*(- &a'g )e)pe'ga-u#! Pela&a'a' Ke,e#a(a'
BAB II PEMBAHASAN A. Determinan Kese!atan *. Pen'ertian
5
De(e-)!'a'
Ke,e#a(a'
a+ala#
5a*(-.5a*(-
&a'g
)e'e'(u*a'
+a'
)e)pe'ga-u#! < )e)"e'(u*= ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' +a-! !'+!>!+u a(au )a,&a-a*a( +. Maam-maam Determinan Kese!atan a Me'u-u( Bl)% 1;7% &a'g (e-)a,u* *e +ala) +e(e-)!'a' *e,e#a(a'
)el!pu(! ge'e(!% l!'g*u'ga'% pele&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% +a' pe-!la*u !'+!>!+u De(e-)!'a' *e,e#a(a' pa+a pe'&a*!( +ege'e-a(!>e "e-upa ge'e(! "a*a( pe'&a*!( +a-! ,e-a'g !'+!>!+u &a'g +!(u-u'*a' le# -a'g (ua'&aC )!,al'&a #!pe-(e',!% DM +a'
,e"aga!a'&a L!'g*u'ga'
)el!pu(!
*e(e-papa-a' !'+!>!+u +a-! #al &a'g )e'&e"a"*a' pe'&a*!( +ege'e-a(!>e% )!,al'&a (e-papa- -a+!a,! +ll De(e-)!'a' pe-!la*u +ala) #al pe'&a*!( +ege'e-a(!>e )!,al'&a a+ala# ga&a #!+up !'+!>!+u &a'g )e'&e"a"*a' )u'ul'&a pe'&a*!( +ege'a-a(!5% )!,a'&a ge)a- )e'g*',u),! +!e( &a'g (!'gg! *le,(e-l% MSG% +ll De(e-)!'a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' pa+a pe'&a*!( +ege'e-a(!>e )el!pu(! *e))pua' +a' *e(e-,e+!aa' !',(!(u,! pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +ala) )e'a'ga'! pe'&a*!( +ege'e-a(!>e " Me'u-u( S!)'.M-('%+a' G-ee'1;;9 +e(e-)!'a' *e,e#a(a' )el!pu(! Ge'e(!*% L!'g*u'ga' 5!,!*% L!'g*u'ga' S,!al% Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% +a' Pe-!la*u Pe-"e+aaa' +e'ga' (e-! Blu) a+ala# u'(u* +e(e-)!'a' l!'g*u'ga' e"!# +!,pe,!5!*a' )e'a+! l!'g*u'ga' 5!,!* +a' l!'g*u'ga' ,!al De(e-)!'a' ,,!al )e'u-u( S!)'.M-(' )el!pu(! e*')!% aga)a% ge'+e-% "u+a&a% +e)g-a5!% ppula,! pe'+u+u* S(a(u, e*')! ,e-!'g*al! )e)pe'ga-u#! ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' !'+!>!+u A*,e, (e-#a+ap pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g (e-#a)"a( a*!"a( *e)!,*!'a' )e'a+! 5a(- &a'g )e)pe'ga-u#! *e,e#a(a' ,e,e-a'g Aga)a )e'a+! +e(e-)!'a' ,!al *a-e'a aga)a )e-upa*a' pa'u(a' "aga!)a'a ,e,e-a'g !'+!>!+u "e-pe-!la*u "a!* ,e"aga! ,!al )aupu' ,e"aga! !'+!>!+u !(u ,e'+!-! Ge'+e- )e'a+! +e(e-)!'a' ,!al *a-e'a +! "e"e-apa Nega-a% (e-)a,u* I'+'e,!a% !,u ge'+e- )a,!# ,a'ga( *e'(al Kau) la*! la*! le"!# +)!'a' +a-!pa+a pe-e)pua'% (e-)a,u* +ala) #al *e,e#a(a' Bu+a&a pa(-!a*al 6
)e-upa*a' ,ala# ,a(u '(# +e(e-)!'a' ,!al +ala) #al "u+a&a Me'e)pa(*a' la*! la*! < ,ua)!= ,e"aga! pel!'+u'g% +a' pe'ga)"!l *epu(u,a' u'(u* ,e)ua'&a *a+a'g*ala ,a'ga( )e'e'(u*a' (e-#a+ap ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' )a,!'g )a,!'g !'+!>!+u . Teori Bum K',ep #!+up ,e#a( HLBlu) ,a)pa! ,aa( !'! )a,!# -ele>a' u'(u* +!(e-ap*a'K'+!,! ,e#a( ,ea-a #l!,(!* "u*a' ,aa *'+!,! ,e#a( ,ea-a 5!,!* )ela!'*a' uga ,p!-!(ual +a' ,,!al +ala) "e-)a,&a-a*a(U'(u* )e'!p(a*a' *'+!,! ,e#a( ,epe-(! !'! +!pe-lu*a' ,ua(u *e#a-)'!,a' +ala) )e'aga *e,e#a(a' (u"u#HL Blu) )e'ela,*a' a+a e)pa( 5a*(- u(a)a &a'g )e)pe'ga-u#! +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a(Kee)pa( 5a*(- (e-,e"u( )e-upa*a' 5a*(- +e(e-)!'a' (!)"ul'&a )a,ala# *e,e#a(a' Kee)pa( 5a*(- (e-,e"u( (e-+!-! +a-! 5a*(- pe-!la*u/ga&a #!+up
Dala) *',ep Blu) a+a 4 5a*(- +e(e-)!'a' &a'g +!*a!% )a,!'g.)a,!'g 5a*(- ,al!'g *e(e-*a!(a' "e-!*u( pe'ela,a''&a a/ Peria&u mas0ara&at
Pe-!la*u )a,&a-a*a( +ala) )e'aga *e,e#a(a' ,a'ga( )e)ega'g pe-a'a' pe'(!'g u'(u* )euu+*a' I'+'e,!a Se#a( 2010Hal !'! +!*a-e'a*a' "u+a&a #!+up "e-,!# +a' ,e#a( #a-u, +apa( +!)u'ul*a' +a-! +ala) +!-! )a,&a-a*a( u'(u* )e'aga
7
*e,e#a(a''&aD!pe-lu*a' ,ua(u p-g-a) u'(u* )e'gge-a*a' )a,&a-a*a( )e'uu ,a(u )!,! I'+'e,!a Se#a( 2010 Se"aga! (e'aga )(-!* (e-,e"u( a+ala# -a'g &a'g )e)!l!*! *)pe(e',! +ala) )e'gge-a*a' )a,&a-a*a( +a' pa#a) a*a' '!la! *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( Ma,&a-a*a( &a'g "e-pe-!la*u #!+up "e-,!# +a' ,e#a( a*a' )e'g#a,!l*a' "u+a&a )e'aga l!'g*u'ga' &a'g "e-,!# +a' ,e#a( Be"e-apa *eg!a(a' &a'g )u'g*!' *!(a la*u*a' ,epe-(! "e-la# -aga% (!+u-% )e-**% )!'u)% +ll Apa"!la *!(a )e'ge)"a'g*a' *e"!a,aa' &a'g "agu, +a-! ,ea* aal% #al (e-,e"u( "e-pe'ga-u# p,!(!5 (e-#a+ap *e,e#a(a' (u"u#Se*al!.*al! a(au +ala) "a(a,."a(a, (e-(e'(u u'(u* a*(u &a'g le"!# la)a% *!(a "e"a, )ela*u*a' *e"!a,aa'.*e"!a,aa' #a-!a'Na)u'% "aga!)a'apu' uga ,!*ap &a'g (!+a* "e-le"!#a' )e-upa*a' ,ua(u *e#a-u,a' aga- "e'a-."e'a- ,e#a(Tu"u# *!(a )e)e-lu*a' (!+u-% la# -aga% +a' -u(!'!(a, &a'g ,e#a( +ala) u)la# (e-(e'(u u'(u* )e)pe-(a#a'*a' *e,ea#(e-aa''&a 1/ Lin'&un'an
Be-"!a-a )e'ge'a! l!'g*u'ga' ,e-!'g *al! *!(a )e'!'au +a-! *'+!,! 5!,!*L!'g*u'ga' &a'g )e)!l!*! *'+!,! ,a'!(a,! "u-u* +apa( )e'a+! ,u)"e- "e-*e)"a'g'&a pe'&a*!(Hal !'! ela, )e)"a#a&a*a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( *!(a Te-a+!'&a pe'u)pu*a' ,a)pa# &a'g (!+a* +apa( +!*ella +e'ga' "a!*% plu,! u+a-a% a!- +a' (a'a# uga +apa( )e'a+! pe'&e"a" Upa&a )e'aga l!'g*u'ga' )e'a+! (a'ggu'g aa" ,e)ua p!#a* u'(u* !(ula# pe-lu *e,a+a-a' ,e)ua p!#a* D!,a)p!'g l!'g*u'ga' 5!,!* uga a+a l!'g*u'ga' ,,!al &a'g "e-pe-a' Se"aga! )a#lu* ,,!al *!(a )e)"u(u#*a' "a'(ua' -a'g la!'% ,e#!'gga !'(e-a*,! !'+!>!+u ,a(u +e'ga' &a'g la!''&a #a-u, (e-al!' +e'ga' "a!* K'+!,! l!'g*u'ga' ,,!al &a'g "u-u* +apa( )e'!)"ul*a' )a,ala# *e!aa' / Pea0anan &ese!atan
K'+!,!
pela&a'a'
*e,e#a(a'
uga
)e'u'a'g
+e-aa(
*e,e#a(a'
)a,&a-a*a(Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g "e-*ual!(a, ,a'ga(la# +!"u(u#*a'Ma,&a-a*a( )e)"u(u#*a' p,&a'+u% pu,*e,)a,% -u)a# ,a*!( +a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' la!''&a u'(u* )e)"a'(u +ala) )e'+apa(*a' pe'g"a(a' +a' pe-aa(a' *e,e#a(a'Te-u(a)a 8
u'(u*
pela&a'a'
*e,e#a(a'
+a,a-
&a'g
)e)a'g
"a'&a*
+!"u(u#*a'
)a,&a-a*a(Kual!(a, +a' *ua'(!(a, ,u)"e- +a&a )a'u,!a +! "!+a'g *e,e#a(a' uga )e,(! +!(!'g*a(*a' Pu,*e,)a, ,e"aga! ga-+a (e-+epa' +ala) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( ,a'ga( "e,a- pe-a'a'&a,e"a" +! pu,*e,)a,la# a*a' +!(a'ga'! )a,&a-a*a( &a'g )e)"u(u#*a' e+u*a,! +a' pe-aa(a' p-!)e- Pe-a'a' Sa-a'a Ke,e#a(a' Ma,&a-a*a( ,e"aga! )a'age- &a'g )e)!l!*! *)pe(e',! +! "!+a'g )a'ae)e' *e,e#a(a' +!"u(u#*a' +ala) )e'&u,u' p-g-a).p-g-a) *e,e#a(a'U(a)a'&a p-g-a). p-g-a) pe'ega#a' pe'&a*!( &a'g "e-,!5a( p-e>e'(!5 ,e#!'gga )a,&a-a*a( (!+a*a "a'&a* &a'g a(u# ,a*!( Ba'&a* *ea+!a' *e)a(!a' &a'g ,e#a-u,'&a +apa( +!ega# ,epe-(! +!a-e% +e)a) "e-+a-a#% )ala-!a% +a' pe'&a*!( +ege'e-a(!5 &a'g "e-*e)"a'g ,aa( !'! ,epe-(! a'(u'g *a-'e-% ,(-*e% +!a"e(e, )!l!(u, +a' la!''&ape'&a*!( !(u +apa( +e'ga' )u+a# +!ega# a,al*a' )a,&a-a*a( pa#a) +a' )ela*u*a' 'a,e#a( +ala) )e'aga *'+!,! l!'g*u'ga' +a' *e,e#a(a''&a d/ Geneti&
Sepe-(! apa *e(u-u'a' ge'e-a,! )u+a &a'g +!!'g!'*a' ??? Pe-(a'&aa' !(u )e'a+! *u'! +ala) )e'ge(a#u! #a-apa' &a'g a*a' +a(a'g Na,!" ,ua(u "a'g,a +!(e'(u*a' le# *ual!(a, ge'e-a,! )u+a'&aOle# ,e"a" !(u *!(a #a-u, (e-u, )e'!'g*a(*a' *ual!(a, ge'e-a,! )u+a *!(a aga- )e-e*a )a)pu "e-*)pe(!,! +a' )e)!l!*! *-ea(!5!(a, (!'gg! +ala) )e)"a'gu' "a'g,a'&a Dala) #al !'! *!(a #a-u, )e)pe-#a(!*a' ,(a(u, g!3! "al!(a ,e"a" pa+a )a,a !'!la# pe-*e)"a'ga' (a* a'a* &a'g )e'a+! a,,e( *!(a +!)a,a )e'+a(a'gNa)u' )a,!# "a'&a* ,aa a'a* I'+'e,!a &a'g ,(a(u, g!3!'&a *u-a'g "a#*a' "u-u*Pa+a#al p(e',! ala) I'+'e,!a u*up )e'+u*u'gle# ,e"a" !(ula# p-g-a) pe'a'ggula'ga' *e*u-a'ga' g!3! +a' pe'!'g*a(a' ,(a(u, g!3! )a,&a-a*a( )a,!# (e(ap +!pe-lu*a' U(a)a'&a p-g-a) P,&a'+u &a'g "!a,a'&a +!la*,a'a*a' +! (!'g*a( RT/R$ De'ga' "e-ala''&a p-g-a) !'! )a*a a*a' (e-+e(e*,! ,ea-a +!'! ,(a(u, g!3! )a,&a-a*a( +a' epa( +apa( (e-(a'ga'! 9
2. Determinan 0an' mem3en'aru!i status &ese!atan
Te-! *la,!* &a'g +!*e)"a'g*a' le# Blu) <1;74= )e'ga(a*a' "a#a a+a'&a 4 +e(e-)!'a' u(a)a &a'g )e)pe'ga-u#! +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' !'+!>!+u% *el)p* a(au )a,&a-a*a( E)pa( +e(e-)!'a' (e-,e"u( ,ea-a "e-(u-u(.(u-u( "e,a-'&a pe'ga-u# (e-#a+ap *e,e#a(a' a+ala# a= l!'g*u'ga'% "= pe-!la*u% = pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% +a' +=*e(u-u'a' a(au #e-e+!(e- Kee)pa( +e(e-)!'a' (e-,e"u( a+ala# +e(e-)!'a' u'(u* *e,e#a(a' *el)p* a(au *)u'!(a, &a'g *e)u'g*!'a' ,a)a +! *ala'ga' )a,&a-a*a( A*a' (e(ap! u'(u* *e,e#a(a' !'+!>!+u% +!,a)p!'g e)pa( 5a*(- (e-,e"u(% 5a*(- !'(e-'al !'+!>!+u uga "e-pe-a'% )!,al'&a u)u-% ge'+e-% pe'+!+!*a'% +a' ,e"aga!'&a% +!,a)p!'g 5a*(- #e-e+!(e- B!la *!(a a'al!,!, le"!# la'u( +e(e-)!'a' *e,e#a(a' !(u ,e"e'a-'&a a+ala# ,e)ua 5a*(- +!lua- *e#!+upa' )a'u,!a% "a!* ,ea-a !'+!>!+ual% *el)p*% )aupu' *)u'!(a, &a'g ,ea-a la'g,u'g a(au (!+a* la'g,u'g )e)pe'ga-u#! *e#!+upa' )a'u,!a !(u Hal !'! "e-a-(!% +!,a)p!'g +e(e-)!'a'. +e(e-)!'a' +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' &a'g (ela# +!-u)u,*a' le# Blu) (e-,e"u( )a,!# (e-+apa( 5a*(- la!' &a'g )e)pe'ga-u#! a(au )e'e'(u*a' (e-uu+'&a *e,e#a(a' ,e,e-a'g% *el)p* a(au )a,&a-a*a( a/ a*(- )a*a'a'
Ma*a'a' )e-upa*a' 5a*(- pe'(!'g +ala) *e,e#a(a' *!(a Ba&! la#!- +a-! ,e-a'g !"u &a'g (ela# ,!ap +e'ga' pe-,e+!aa' ,u,u &a'g )e-upa*a' )a*a'a' le'g*ap u'(u* ,e-a'g "a&! Me-e*a &a'g )e)el!#a-a (u"u#'&a +e'ga' )a*a'a' &a'g *% )e'!*)a(! (u"u# &a'g "e'a-."e'a- ,e#a(Ke*a' )a*a'a' !'! )e'u-u( a*(u% u)la#% +a' #a-ga &a'g (epa( Ha'&a ,aa( *!(a )a*a' ,ea-a "e-le"!#a' )a*a'a' &a'g (!+a* * +e'ga' (u"u# *!(a% )a*a (u"u# a*a' "e-ea*,! ,e"al!*'&a Sa*!( a+ala# ,ala# ,a(u -ea*,! (u"u#% +a' "!la *e)u+!a' +!ega# a(au +!-aa( +e'ga' "e'a-% (u"u# *e)"al! ,e#a(Pe'&a*!( )e-upa*a' pe-!'ga(a' u'(u* )e'gu"a# *e"!a,aa' *!(aPe-lu +!!'ga( ,elalu "a#a (u"u# *!(a #a'&a )e)e-lu*a' )a*a'a' &a'g (epa( +ala) u)la# &a'g ,e,ua! 1/ Pe'+!+!*a' a(au (!'g*a( pe'ge(a#ua'
10
T!'g*a( pe'ge(a#ua' a*a' )e)"e'(u* a-a "e-p!*!- +a' *e)a)pua' ,e,e-a'g u'(u* )e)a#a)! 5a*(-.5a*(- &a'g "e-#u"u'ga' +e'ga' pe'&a*!( +a' )e'ggu'a*a' pe'ge(a#ua' (e-,e"u( u'(u* )e'aga *e,e#a(a''&a Pe'+!+!*a' uga ,ea-a (!+a* la'g,u'g a*a' )e)pe'ga-u#! pe-!la*u ,e,e-a'g +ala) )e'aga *e,e#a(a''&a B!a,a'&a% -a'g &a'g "e-pe'+!+!*a' <+ala) #al !'! -a'g &a'g )e'e)pu# pe'+!+!*a' 5-)al= )e)pu'&a! -e,!* le"!# *e!l (e-*e'a pe'&a*!( a(au )a,ala# *e,e#a(a' la!''&a +!"a'+!'g*a' +e'ga' )a,&a-a*a( &a'g aa) +e'ga' *e,e#a(a' /
a*(- ,,!e*')! a*(-.5a*(- ,,!al +a' e*')! ,epe-(! l!'g*u'ga' ,,!al% (!'g*a( pe'+apa(a'% pe*e-aa'% +a' *e(a#a'a' pa'ga' +ala) *elua-ga )e-upa*a' 5a*(- &a'g "e-pe'ga-u# "e,a- pa+a pe'e'(ua' +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' ,e,e-a'gDala) )a,ala# g!3! "u-u* )!,al'&a% )a,&a-a*a( +e'ga' (!'g*a( e*')! +a' "e-pe'+apa(a' -e'+a# "!a,a'&a le"!# -e'(a' )e'+e-!(a g!3! "u-u*Hal (e-,e"u( "!,a (e-a+! *a-e'a -a'g +e'ga' (!'g*a( e*')! -e'+a# ,ul!( u'(u* )e'+apa(*a' )a*a'a' +e'ga' '!la! g!3! &a'g "!,a +!"!la'g la&a*
d/
La(a- "ela*a'g "u+a&a La(a- "ela*a'g "u+a&a )e)pe'ga-u#! *e&a*!'a'% '!la!% +a' *e"!a,aa' !'+!>!+u% (e-)a,u* ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +a' a-a pela*,a'aa' *e,e#a(a' p-!"a+! I'+'e,!a &a'g (e-"e'(a'g +a-! Sa"a'g ,a)pa! Me-au*e )e)!l!*! "e-!"u.-!"u ,u*u +e'ga' a+a( !,(!a+a( &a'g "e-"e+a."e+a pula Se"ag!a' +a-! a+a( !,(!a+a( (e-,e"u( a+a &a'g
)a,!#
"!,a
+!"!la'g
p-!)!(!5
+a'
(!+a*
)e)pe+ul!*a'
a,pe*
*e,e#a(a'M!,al'&a ,aa% pa+a ,u*u Ba+u& &a'g (!+a* )e)pe-"le#*a' )a,&a-a*a( )e'ggu'a*a' ala, *a*!Dala) "!+a'g pe-!la*u *e,e#a(a' a+a (e-! &a'g ,e-!'g )e'a+! aua' +ala) pe'el!(!a' @ pe'el!(!a' *e,e#a(a' &a!(u 1= Te-! La-e'e G-ee' A+a 2 +e(e-)!'a' )a,ala# *e,e#a(a' (e-,e"u( &a!(u Be#a>!-al 5a(- <5a*(- pe-!la*u= +a' N' Be#a>!-al 5a(- <5a*(- '' pe-!la*u= a*(- (e-,e"u( +!(e'(u*a' le# 5a*(- u(a)a &a!(u 11
a= a*(- @ 5a*(- p-e+!,p,!,!% &a!(u 5a*(- @ 5a*(- &a'g )e)pe-)u+a# a(au )e)p-e+!,p,!,! (e-a+!'&a pe-!la*u ,e,e-a'g% a'(a-a la!' pe'ge(a#ua'% ,!*ap% *e&a*!'a'% *epe-a&aa'% '!la! @ '!la!% (-a+!,! +a' ,e"aga!'&a "= a*(- @ 5a*(- pe)u'g*!'% &a!(u 5a*(- @ 5a*(- &a'g )e)u'g*!'*a' a(au &a'g )e)5a,!l!(a,! pe-!la*u a(au (!'+a*a' = a*(- @ 5a*(- pe'gua(% &a!(u 5a*(-. 5a*(- &a'g )e'+-'g a(au )e)pe-*ua( (e-a+!'&a pe-!la*u 2= Te-! S'e#a'+u BKa-- Me'g!+e'(!5!*a,! a+a'&a 9 +e(e-)!'a' pe-!la*u% &a!(u a= A+a'&a '!a(
"e-u,a#a
,e)"u# +a' )e'g#!'+a- +a-! ,a*!( ,e-(a "e-u,a#a aga- (e(ap ,e#a( Se,ua! +e'ga' pe-*e)"a'ga' pe-a+a"a' )a'u,!a ,aa( !(u% )a*a u,a#a u'(u* ,e)"u# +a-! ,a*!( +a' aga- (e(ap ,e#a( +!la*u*a' +e'ga' "e-"aga! a-a Ole# *a-e'a )e(+e +a' a-a "e-"e+a."e+a )a*a "e-"e+a."e+a pula a-a pe'g"a(a' +a-! (e)pa( ,a(u +e'ga' (e)pa( la!''&a
12
Il)u *e,e#a(a' "e-*e)"a'g +a-! pe'ge(a#ua' &a'g +!*e(a#u! le# )a'u,!a Pe'ge(a#ua' +apa( +!pe-le# +a-! "e-"aga! ,u)"e- a'(a-a la!' pa'a!'+e-a% p!*!-a'% +a' !'(u!,! B!la +!"a'+!'g*a' a'(a-a pe'ge(a#ua' +a' !l)u pe'ge(a#ua' (e-+apa( pe-"e+aa' &a'g '&a(a Pe'ge(a#ua' !ala# ,e)ua &a'g +!*e(a#u! le# )a'u,!a (a'pa )e)pe-#a(!*a' pe'ge(a#ua' (e-,e"u( "e'a- a(au ,ala#% ,e+a'g*a' !l)u pe'ge(a#ua' )e)"a(a,! Pe'ge(a#ua'
&a'g
"e'a-
a+ala#
pe'ge(a#ua'
&a'g
(ela#
(e-u!
*e"e'a-a''&a )elalu! )e(+e !l)!a# Na#% *a-e'a )a'u,!a !'g!' (e-"e"a, +a-! pe'&a*!(% )a*a )e-e*a )ula! )e)pelaa-! a(au )e'g*a! "aga!)a'a a-a'&a aga- )a'u,!a +apa( ,elalu #!+up ,e#a( De'ga' )e'ggu'a*a' *e)a)pua' "e-p!*!- -a,!'al a(a, +a,a- pe'ge(a#ua'% )e'a-!* )!'a( -a'g u'(u* )e)pelaa-! !l)u *e,e#a(a' &a'g *e)u+!a' *!(a *e'al ,e"aga! a#l!!l)u *e,e#a(a' Pa-a a#l! !l)u *e,e#a(a' *e)u+!a' )ela*u*a' pe'el!(!a'.pe'el!(!a' &a'g "e-,!5a( ",e->a(!5 )aupu' e*,pe-!)e'(al )elalu! pe'ga)a(a' +a' pe'gu*u-a' (e-#a+ap pa-a)e(e-.pa-a)e(e- *e,e#a(a' ,epe-(! *a+a- #e)gl"!' +ala) +a-a#% *a'+u'ga' "a*(e-! +ala) a!- )!'u)% *a'+u'ga' >!(a)!' +ala) )a*a'a' +," Be-+a,a-*a' +a(a a*u-a( &a'g +!,e-(a! +e'ga' pe'ela,a' a'al!,!, ,ea-a +e,*-!p(!5 )a*a a*a' +!pe-le# 5a*(a.5a*(a &a'g *e)u+!a' +!gu'a*a' u'(u* )e-u)u,*a' *',ep.*',ep +ala) !l)u *e,e#a(a' B!la *!(a "a'+!'g*a' pa'+a'ga' -a'g pa+a a)a' +a#ulu +e'ga' ,e*a-a'g )e'ge'a! pe'&a*!(% (e-'&a(a u*up "e-"e+a Dulu -a'g "e-a'ggapa' "a#a pe'&a*!( lep-a )!,al'&a% )e-upa*a' pe'&a*!( *u(u*a' Tu#a' Me-e*a uga )e'ga'ggap "a#a pe'&a*!( )ala-!a +!,e"a"*a' le# u+a-a "u-u* <)ala F "u-u*C a-!a F u+a-a= Ke+ua '(# (e-,e"u( )e)"e-!*a' ga)"a-a' *epa+a *!(a "a#a *a-e'a "elu) "e-*e)"a'g'&a !l)u pe'ge(a#ua'% -a'g +a#ulu )e)a'+a'g pe'&a*!( ,ea-a *u-a'g (epa( ,e#!'gga pe'a'ggula'ga''&a pu' *u-a'g (epa( M!,al'&a% u'(u* )e'a-! pe'&e)"u#a' (e-#a+ap ,ua(u pe'&a*!(% "a'&a* +!a'(a-a )e-e*a 13
pe-g! *e +u*u'% a#l! ,!#!-% pe'+e(a% ula)a +a' )ela*u*a' "e-"aga! upa&a la!''&a &a'g u)u)'&a u'(u* "e"e-apa pe'&a*!( (e-(e'(u (!+a* )e)"ua#*a' #a,!l &a'g )e)ua,*a' Da-! u-a!a' +! a(a,% ela,la# "a#a *e)aua' &a'g +!apa! +ala) "!+a'g *e+*(e-a' a(au *e,e#a(a' (e-,e"u( (!+a* lepa, +a-! *e)aua' !l)u.!l)u &a'g )e'+u*u'g'&a% *#u,u,'&a B!lg! De'ga' )e'gua,a! a"a'g.a"a'g "!lg! ,epe-(! a'a()!% 5!,!lg!% #!,(lg!% )!*-"!lg!% 3lg! +a' ,e"aga!'&a% p a-a +*(e- ,u+a# +apa( )e'gu,a#a*a' pe'&e)"u#a' &a'g (epa( "ag! ,ua(u pe'&a*!( Ba#*a' "eg!(u pe,a('&a *e)aua' &a'g +!apa! +ala) "!+a'g *e+*(e-a'% ,a)pa!.,a)pa! pe'&a*!( &a'g pal!'g -u)!( pu' ,u+a# +apa( +!(a'ggula'g!% )!,al'&a (u)-% *a'*e-% pe'&a*!( a'(u'g% pe'&a*!( ,a-a5% g !'al% +a' ,e"aga!'&a Ope-a,!% +ea,a !'! "u*a' lag! )e'a+! #al &a'g )e'a*u(*a' +. O1)e& dan Bidan' Ka)ian Imu Kese!atan
Se,ua! +e'ga' 5*u, "!+a'g *a!a' &a'g +!pelaa-! +a' #a*!*a( )a,ala#'&a% )a*a !l)u *e,e#a(a' +ala) pe-*e)"a'ga''&a +apa( +!*el)p**a' )e'a+! 1= Il)u *e,e#a(a' p-!"a+!
Ke+ua ,!5a( *e!l)ua' !'!
a*#!-'&a )a,!'g.)a,!'g "e-*e)"a'g )e'a+! a"a'g !l)u ,e'+!-! . Per&em1an'an Kese!atan Mas0ara&at di Indonesia Ke,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( +! I'+'e,!a pa+a a*(u !(u +!)ula! +e'ga' a+a'&a upa&a pe)"e-a'(a,a' aa- +a' *le-a &a'g ,a'ga( +!(a*u(! )a,&a-a*a( pa+a a*(u !(u Saa( !(u )a,!# +!la*u*a' le# pe)e-!'(a# pe'aa#a' Bela'+a pa+a a"a+ *e 16 pe-!,(!a upa&a pe)"e-a'(a,a' +!a'ggap ,e"aga! ,ea-a# )ula pe-*e)"a'ga' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( +! I'+'e,!a Kea+!a' la!' ,ela'u('&a (e'(a'g a"a# *le-a pa+a aal a"a+ *e.20 )a,u* +! I'+'e,!a (epa('&a (a#u' 1;27 +a' (a#u' 1;7 &a!(u a"a# *le-a el(- +! I'+'e,!a *e)u+!a' pa+a (a#u' 1;4 aa- )a,u* *e I'+'e,!a )elalu! S!'gapu-a
14
+a' )ula! "e-*e)"a'g +! I'+'e,!a Sea* +a-! a"a# *le-a (e-,e"u( )a*a pe)e-!'(a# Bela'+a pa+a a*(u !(u )ela*u*a' upa&a.upa&a *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( Sela'u('&a "!+a'g *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( &a'g la!' pa+a (a#u' 107 pa+a a*(u pe)e-!'(a#a' Gu"e-'u- e'+e-al Dae'+el,% (ela# +!la*u*a' pela(!#a' +u*u' "a&! +ala) p-a*(e* pe-,al!'a' Upa&a !'! +!la*u*a' +ala) -a'g*a pe'u-u'a' a'g*a *e)a(!a' "a&! &a'g (!'gg! pa+a a*(u !(u A*a' (e(ap! upa&a !'! (!+a* "e-la'g,u'g la)a *a-e'a la'g*a'&a (e'aga pela(!# *e"!+a'a' *e)u+!a' pa+a (a#u' 1;0 +!)ula! lag! +e'ga' +!+a5(a-'&a pa-a +u*u' "a&! ,e"aga! pe'l'g +a' pe-aa(a' pe-,al!'a' Sela'u('&a "a-u pa+a (a#u' 1;92 pa+a 3a)a' *e)e-+e*aa' pela(!#a' ,ea-a e-)a( +u*u' "a&! (e-,e"u( +!la*,a'a*a' lag! D*(e- B,#% *epala pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' ,!p!l +a' )!l!(e- +a' +- Blee*e- +! I'+'e,!a% pa+a (a#u' 191 )e'+!-!*a' ,e*la# +*(e- aa Ke)u+!a' ,e*la# !'! (e-*e'al +e'ga' 'a)a STOVIA e-,!(a, I'+'e,!a (a#u' 1;47 "e-u"a# )e'a+! a*ul(a, Ke+*(e-a' U'!>e-,!(a, I'+'e,!a Ke+ua ,e*la# (e-,e"u( )e)pu'&a! a'+!l &a'g ,a'ga( "e,a- +ala) )e'g#a,!l*a' (e'aga )e+!, &a'g )e'ge)"a'g*a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( I'+'e,!a Pa+a ,!,! la!' pe'ge)"a'g*a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( +! I'+'e,!a a+ala# "e-+!-!'&a Pu,a( La"-a(-!u) Ke+*(e-a' +! Ba'+u'g pa+a (a#u' 1 Ke)u+!a' pa+a (a#u' 1;% pu,a( la"-a(-!u) !'! "e-u"a# )e'a+! Le)"aga E&*)a' +a' ,ela'u('&a +!,u,ul +!+!-!*a' la"-a(-!u) la!' +! Me+a'% Se)a-a'g% Ma*a,,a-% Su-a"a&a +a' g&a*a-(a La"-a(-!u) !'! )e)pu'&a! pe-a'a' &a'g ,a'ga( pe'(!'g +ala) -a'g*a )e'u'a'g pe)"e-a'(a,a' pe'&a*!( ,epe-(! )ala-!a% lep-a% aa- +a' ,e"aga!'&a "a#*a' u'(u* "!+a'g *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( &a'g la!' ,epe-(! g!3! +a' ,a'!(a,! Ta#u' 1;22 pe, )a,u* I'+'e,!a +a' pa+a (a#u' 1;% 1;4 +a' 1;9 15
(e-a+! ep!+e)! +! "e"e-apa (e)pa(% (e-u(a)a +! pulau aa Ke)u+!a' )ula! (a#u' 1;9 +!la*u*a' p-g-a) pe)"e-a'(a,a' pe, !'! +e'ga' )ela*u*a' pe'&e)p-(a' DDT (e-#a+ap -u)a#.-u)a# pe'+u+u* +a' uga >a*,!'a,! )a,,al Te-a(a( pa+a (a#u' 1;41% 19000000 -a'g (ela# )e)pe-le# ,u'(!*a' >a*,!'a,! H&+-!# ,e-a'g pe(uga, *e,e#a(a' pe)e-!'(a# Bela'+a pa+a (a#u' 1;29% )ela*u*a' pe'ga)a(a' (e-#a+ap )a,ala# (!'gg!'&a a'g*a *e)a(!a' +a' *e,a*!(a' +! Ba'&u)a,.Pu-*e-( pa+a a*(u !(u Da-! #a,!l pe'ga)a(a' +a' a'al!,!,'&a (e-,e"u( !'! )e'&!)pul*a' "a#a pe'&e"a" (!'gg!'&a a'g*a *e)a(!a' +a' *e,a*!(a' !'! a+ala# *a-e'a ele*'&a *'+!,! ,a'!(a,! l!'g*u'ga' Ma,&a-a*a( pa+a a*(u !(u )e)"ua'g *(-a''&a +! ,e)"a-a'g (e)pa(% +! *e"u'% ,el*a'% *al! "a#*a' +! p!'gg!- ala' pa+a#al )e-e*a )e'ga)"!l a!- )!'u) uga +a-! *al! Sela'u('&a !a "e-*e,!)pula' "a#a *'+!,! ,a'!(a,! l!'g*u'ga' !'! +!,e"a"*a' *a-e'a pe-!la*u pe'+u+u* U'(u*
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)e'ge)"a'g*a' +ae-a# pe-'(#a' +e'ga' )ela*u*a' p-paga'+a e'(!5 (!+a* +apa( +!p!,a#*a' Hal !'! "e-a-(! +ala) )e'ge)"a'g*a' ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +! I'+'e,!a *e+ua a,pe* !'! (!+a* "le# +!p!,a#*a'% "a!* +! -u)a# ,a*!( )aupu' +! pu,*e,)a, Sela'u('&a pa+a (a#u' 1;96 +!)ula! *eg!a(a' pe'ge)"a'ga' *e,e#a(a' ,e"aga! "ag!a' +a-! upa&a pe'ge)"a'ga' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( Pa+a (a#u' 1;96 !'! le# +- Sul!a'(! +!+!-!*a' P-&e* Be*a,! <(epa('&a Le)a# A"a'g= ,e"aga! p-&e*
16
pe-'(#a' a(au )+el pela&a'a' "ag! pe'ge)"a'ga' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( pe+e,aa' +! I'+'e,!a +a' ,e"aga! pu,a( pela(!#a' (e'aga *e,e#a(a' P-&e* !'! +!,a)p!'g ,e"aga! )+el a(au *',ep *e(e-pa+ua' a'(a-a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' pe+e,aa' +a' pela&a'a' )e+!,% uga )e'e*a'*a' pa+a pe'+e*a(a' (!) +ala) pe'gellaa' p-g-a) *e,e#a(a' U'(u* )ela'a-*a' pe'e-apa' *',ep pela&a'a' (e-pa+u !'! (e-p!l!# +e,a !la&a# pe'ge)"a'ga' )a,&a-a*a( &a!(u I'+e-apu-a e)"e- 1;67% +!la*u*a' ,e)!'a- &a'g )e)"a#a, +a' )e-u)u,*a' p-g-a) *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( (e-pa+u ,e,ua! +e'ga' *'+!,! +a' *e)a)pua' -a*&a( I'+'e,!a Pa+a a*(u !(u +!"a#a, *',ep pu,*e,)a, &a'g +!"aa*a' le# +- A#)a+ D!p+!lg &a'g )e'gau *epa+a *',ep Ba'+u'g +a' P-&e* Be*a,! Ke,!)pula' ,e)!'a- !'! a+ala# +!,epa*a(!'&a ,!,(e) pu,*e,)a, &a'g (e-+!-! +a-! (!pe A% B% +a' : De'ga' )e'ggu'a*a' #a,!l.#a,!l ,e)!'a- (e-,e"u(% Depa-(e)e' Ke,e#a(a' )e'&!ap*a' -e'a'a !'+u* pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' (e-pa+u +! I'+'e,!a A*#!-'&a pa+a (a#u' 1;6 +ala) -apa( *e-a *e,e#a(a' 'a,!'al% +!e(u,*a' "a#a pu,*e,)a, a+ala# )e-upa*a' ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' (e-pa+u &a'g *e)u+!a' +!*e)"a'g*a' le# pe)e-!'(a#
u'!( pela&a'a'
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)e)"e-!*a' pela&a'a' *u-a(!5 +a' p-e>e'(!5 ,ea-a (e-pa+u% )e'&elu-u# +a' )u+a# +!a'g*au +ala) !la&a# *e-a *ea)a(a' a(au ,e"ag!a' *ea)a(a'% +! *(a)a+&a a(au *a"upa(e' Keg!a(a' p** pu,*e,)a, )e'a*up 1= Ke,e#a(a' !"u +a' a'a* 2= Kelua-ga "e-e'a'a
17
= G!3! 4= Ke,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' 9= Pe'ega#a' pe'&a*!( )e'ula- 6= Pe'&ulu#a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( 7= Pe'g"a(a' = Pe-aa(a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( ;= U,a#a *e,e#a(a' g!3! 10= U,a#a *e,e#a(a' ,e*la# 11= U,a#a *e,e#a(a' !a 12= La"-a(-!u) 1= Pe'a(a(a' +a' pelap-a'
(. Kese!atan Dasar *. Konse3 Pea0anan Kese!atan Dasar
K',ep pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +a,a- )e'a*up '!la!.'!la! +a,a- (e-(e'(u &a'g "e-la*u u)u) (e-#a+ap p-,e, pe'ge)"a'ga' ,ea-a )e'&elu-u#% (e(ap! +e'ga' pe'e*a'a' pe'e-apa' +! "!+a'g *e,e#a(a' ,epe-(! "e-!*u(% <$HO% 1;;2= 1= Ke,e#a(a' ,ea-a )e'+a,a- "e-#u"u'ga' +e'ga' (e-,e+!a'&a +a' pe'&e"a-a' ,u)"e-+a&a% "u*a' #a'&a ,u)"e-+a&a *e,e#a(a' ,epe-(! +*(e-% pe-aa(% *l!'!*%"a(% )ela!'*a' uga ,u)"e-+a&a ,,!al. e*')! &a'g la!' ,epe-(! pe'+!+!*a'% a!- +a' pe-,e+!aa' )a*a'a' 2= Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +a,a- +e'ga' +e)!*!a' )e)u,a(*a' pe-#a(!a *epa+a
a+a'&a *epa,(!a'
"a#a
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,u)"e-+a&a ,,!al &a'g a+a (ela# (e-,e"a- )e-a(a +e'ga' e"!# )e)pe-#a(!*a' )e-e*a &a'g pal!'g )e)"u(u#*a''&a = Ke,e#a(a' a+ala# ,ua(u "ag!a' pe'(!'g +a-! pe)"a'gu'a' ,ea-a )e'&elu-u# a*(- &a'g )e)pe'ga-u#! *e,e#a(a' a+ala# 5a*(- ,!al% "u+a&a +a' e*')! +!,a)p!'g "!lg! +a' l!'g*u'ga' +. Kese!atan dasar BASI( SI4 atau 5 3ro'ram 3o&o& &ese!atan dasar +.* Promosi Kese!atan
18
a. Pe'ge-(!a'
Pe'&ulu#a'
Ke,e#a(a'
Ma,&a-a*a(
a+ala#
upa&a
u'(u*
)e)"e-!*a' pe'gala)a' "elaa- a(au )e'!p(a*a' *'+!,! "ag! pe--a'ga'% *el)p* +a' )a,&a-a*a(% +ala) "e-"aga! (a(a'a'% +e'ga' )e)"u*a alu- *)u'!*a,!% )e'&e+!a*a' !'5-)a,!% +a' )ela*u*a' e+u*a,!% u'(u* )e'!'g*a(*a' pe'ge(a#ua'% ,!*ap +a' p-!la*u% +e'ga' )ela*u*a' a+>*a,!% pe)"!'aa' ,ua,a'a +a' ge-a*a' pe)"e-+a&aa' )a,&a-a*a( u'(u* )e'ge'al!% )e'aga/)e)el!#a-a% )e'!'g*a(*a' +a' )el!'+u'g! *e,e#a(a''&a " Tuua' Te-apa!'&a pe-u"a#a' pe-!la*u !'+!>!+u% *elua-ga +a' )a,&a-a*a( +ala) )e)"!'a +a' )e)el!#a-a p-!la*u ,e#a(% ,e-(a "e-pe-a' a*(!5 +ala) upa&a )euu+*a' +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' &a'g p(!)al
. Sa,a-a' */ Pela*,a'aa' p,&a'+u +a' Pe)"!'aa' *a+e- +/ Pe'&ulu#a' Ke,e#a(a' a/ Pe'&ulu#a' +ala) ge+u'g 1/ Pe'&ulu#a' lua- ge+u'g / Pe'&ulu#a' *el)p* a/ Kel)p* p,&a'+u 1/ Pe'&ulu#a' )a,&a-a*a( / A'a* ,e*la# d/ Pe'&ulu#a' pe--a'ga' PHN 2/ Pe-!la*u #!+up "e-,!# +a' ,e#a( *a,! p-g-a) *e,e#a(a' +a' p-g-a) p-!-!(a, Ka)pa'&e p-g-a) p-!-!(a, a'(a-a la!' >!(a)!' A% 'a-*"a%
P2M DBD% HIV% )ala-!a% +!a-e 5/ P-),! *e,e#a(a' (e'(a'g 'a-*"a 7/ P-),! (e'(a'g *epe,e-(aa' a)*e,)a, 8/ Pe)"!'aa' +a'a ,e#a(/a)*e,)a, +.+ Kese!atan Lin'&un'an a. Pe'ge-(!a'
19
Be-+a,a-*a' (e-! Blu)% l!'g*u'ga' )e-upa*a' ,ala# ,a(u 5a*(- &a'g pe'ga-u#'&a pal!'g "e,a- (e-#a+ap ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( +! ,a)p!'g 5a*(- pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% 5a*(- ge'e(!* +a' 5a*(- p-!la*u Ba#a&a p(e',!al (e-#a+ap *e,e#a(a' &a'g +!a*!"a(*a' le# l!'g*u'ga' +apa( "e-,!5a( 5!,!*% *!)!a )aupu' "!lg! Seala' +e'ga' *e"!a*,a'aa'Pa-a+!g)a Se#a( &a'g )e'gu(a)a*a' upa&a.upa&a &a'g "e-,!5a( p-)(!5% p-e>e'(!5 +a' p-(e*(!5 Ma*a upa&a *e,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' ,a'ga( pe'(!'g Se)ua *eg!a(a' *e,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' &a'g +!la*u*a' le# pa-a ,(a5 Pu,*e,)a, a*a' "e-#a,!l "a!* apa"!la )a,&a-a*a( "e-pe-a' ,e-(a +ala) pela*,a'aa''&a #a-u, )e'g!*u( ,e-(a*a' )a,&a-a*a( ,ea* pe-e'a'aa' ,a)pa! pe)el!#a-aa' 1. Tuua' Tuua' U)u)
Keg!a(a' pe'!'g*a(a' *e,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' "e-(uua' (e-uu+'&a *ual!(a, l!'g*u'ga' &a'g le"!# ,e#a( aga- +apa( )el!'+u'g! )a,&a-a*a( +a-! ,egala *e)u'g*!'a' -e,!* *ea+!a' &a'g +apa( )e'!)"ul*a' ga'ggua' +a' "a#a&a *e,e#a(a' )e'uu +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' *elua-ga +a' )a,&a-a*a( &a'g le"!# "a!* Tuua' K#u,u, 1= Me'!'g*a(*a' )u(u l!'g*u'ga' &a'g +apa( )e'a)!' )a,&a-a*a( )e'apa! +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' &a'g p(!)al 2= Te-uu+'&a pe)"e-+a&aa' )a,&a-a*a( +a' *e!*u( ,e-(aa' ,e*(- la!' &a'g "e-,a'g*u(a'% ,e-(a "e-(a'ggu'g aa" a(a, upa&a pe'!'g*a(a' +a' pele,(a-!a' l!'g*u'ga' #!+up = Te-la*,a'a'&a pe-a(u-a' pe-u'+a'ga' (e'(a'g pe'&e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' +a' pe-)u*!)a' &a'g "e-la*u 4= Te-,ele'gga-a'&a pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' gu'a )e'u'a'g *eg!a(a' +ala) pe'!'g*a(a' *e,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' +a' pe)u*!)a'
20
9= Te-la*,a'a'&a pe-u)a#a'%
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Keg!a(a' Keg!a(a'.*eg!a(a' u(a)a *e,e#a(a' l!'g*u'ga' &a'g #a-u, +!la*u*a' Pu,*e,)a, )el!pu(! 1= 2= = 4= 9= 6= 7= = ;=
Pe'&e#a(a' a!- Pe'&e#a(a' )a*a'a' +a' )!'u)a' Pe'gaa,a' pe)"ua'ga' *(-a' )a''u,!a Pe'gaa,a' +a' pe)"ua'ga' ,a)pa# +a' l!)"a# Pe'&e#a(a' pe)u*!)a' Pe'gaa,a' ,a'!(a,! (e)pa( u)u) Pe'ga)a'a' plu,! !'+u,(-! Pe'ga)a'a' pe,(!,!+a Kl!'!* ,a'!(a,!
+. Pene'a!an Pem1erantasan Pen0a&it Menuar a Pe'ge-(!a' 1= Pe'&a*!( Me'ula- a+ala# pe'&a*!( &a'g +!,e"a"*a' le# age'( !'5e*,!
a(au (*,!''&a% &a'g "e-aa,al +a-! ,u)"e- pe'ula-a' a(au -e,e->!-% &a'g +!(ula-*a'/ +!(a',)!,!*a' *epa+a pea)u <#,(= &a'g -e'(a' 2= Kea+!a' Lua- B!a,a
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pe'ga)a(a' ep!+e)!lg!* +!a'ggap a+a'&a pe'!'g*a(a' &a'g "e-a-(! <"e-)a*'a= +a-! *ea+!a'*e,a*!(a'/*e)a(!a' (e-,e"u( *epa+a *el)p* pe'+u+u* +ala) *u-u' (e-(e'(u = $a"a# Pe'&a*!( Me'ula- a+ala# *ea+!a' "e-a'g*!('&a ,ua(u pe'&a*!( )e'ula- +ala) )a,&a-a*a( &a'g u)la# pe'+e-!(a'&a )e'!'g*a( ,ea-a '&a(a )ele"!#! +a-! *ea+aa' &a'g la3!) pa+a a*(u +a' +ae-a#
21
(e-(e'(u ,e-(a +apa( )e'''!)"ul*a' )alape(a*a
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pe'ga)a(a'/pe)a'(aua' <,u->e!'la', *e(a(= +a' lg!,(!* 9= P-g-a) Pe'ega#a' a+ala# )e'ega# aga- pe'&a*!( )e'ula- (!+a* )e'&e"a- +!+ala) )a,&a-a*a(% &a'g +!la*u*a' a'(a-a la!' +e'ga' )e)"e-!*a' *e*e"ala' *epa+a #,( )elalu! *eg!a(a' pe'&ulu#a' *e,e#a(a' +a' !)u'!,a,! 6= :a-a Pe'ula-a' Pe'&a*!( Me'ulaD!*e'al "e"e-apa a-a pe'ula-a' pe'&a*!( )e'ula- &a!(u a= Pe'ula-a' ,ea-a *'(a* "= Pe'ula-a' )elalu! >e#!le ,epe-(! )elalu! )a*a'a' +a' )!'u)a' &a'g (e-e)a- = Pe'ula-a' )elalu! >e*(- += Pe'ula-a' )elalu! ,u'(!*a'% (-a',5u,!% (!'+!* +a' (a( 7= Su->e!la', E>!+e)!lg! Pe'&a*!( Me'ula- a+ala# ,ua(u *eg!a(a' pe'gu)pula'
+a(a/!'5-)a,!
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T!'+a*a'
" P-g-a) Pe)"e-a'(a,a' Pe'&a*!( Me'ula- 1= P-g-a) !)u'!,a,! 2= P-g-a) TB pa-u +e'ga' *eg!a(a' pe'e)ua' pe'+e-!(a TB: = P-g-a) )ala-!a +e'ga' a'g*a !',!+e' )ala-!a
p'eu)'!a P-g-a) +!a-e )el!pu(! 5-e*ue',! pe'a'ggula'ga' +!a-e P-g-a) -a"!e, P-g-a) Su->e!la', Pe)"e-a'(a,a' P2B2 +e)a) "e-+a-a#
+.2 Kese!atan Keuar'a dan Re3rodu&si a Pe'ge-(!a'
Ke,e#a(a' Kelua-ga a+ala# uu+ *elua-ga ,e#a(% *e!l "a#ag!a +a' ,ea#(-a +a-! ,ua)! !,(-!% a'a* +a' a'gg(a *elua-ga la!''&a
23
9= Ke#a)!la' +ap pe-,al!'a' &a'g +!-e'a'a*a' +a' a)a' 6= Pe'ega#a' +a' pe'a'ga'a' e'ggugu-a' *a'+u'ga' &a'g (!+a* +!*e#e'+a*! 7= Pela&a'a' !'5e-(!l!(a, = I'5-)a,! ,ea-a )e'&elu-u# (e'(a'g pe'ga-u# +e5!,!e',! #-)' +! u,!a la'u( pa+a u,!a la'u( pe'ap!,a' )a,ala# )al!g'a,! Ke"!a*,a'aa' Pe'&ele'gga-aa' Pe)"!'aa' Ke,e#a(a' Kelua-ga +a' Rep-+u*,! Se,ua! +e'ga' !'(e->e',! 'a,!'al pe'a'ggula'ga' )a,ala# *e,e#a(a' -ep-+u*,! +! !'+'e,!a "e-+a,a-*a' -e*)e'+a,! ,(-a(eg! -eg!'al $HO u'(u* 'ega-a.'ega-a A,!a Te'gga-a% )a*a *eg!a(a' pela&a'a' -ep-+u*,! a+ala# 1= Ke,e#a(a' I"u Da' A'a* 2= Ke,e#a(a' A'a* U,!a Se*la# = Ke,e#a(a' Re)aa% (e-)a,u* pe'ega#a' ,e-(a pe'a'ga'a' PMS
+.6 Per1ai&an Gi9i mas0ara&at a Pe'ge-(!a'
A+ala# *eg!a(a' u'(u* )e'gupa&a*a' pe'!'g*a(a' ,(a(u, g!3! )a,&a-a*a( +e'ga' pe'gellaa' (e-*-+!'a,! +a-! "e-"aga! p-5e,! *e,e#a(a' ,e-(a +u*u'ga' pe-a' ,e-(a a*(!5 )a,&a-a*a( P-g-a) Upa&a Pe-"a!*a' G!3! Pu,*e,)a, )el!pu(! 1= Upa&a Pe-"a!*a' G!3! Kelua-ga
a= Pe'ega#a' Da' Pe'a'ggula'ga' Ga'ggua' A*!"a( Ke*u-a'ga' +!u) alua,! upa&a pe-"a!*a' g!3! )a,&a-a*a( 4= Te-,ele'gga-a'&a pela&a'a' g!3! &a'g )el!"a(*a' pa-(!,!pa,! *elua-ga (e-#a+ap pe'ega#a' +a' pe'a'ggula'ga' )a,ala# *ela!'a' g!3! 9= Te-uu+'&a -a'g*a!a' *eg!a(a' pe'a(a(a'/pelap-a' )a,ala# g!3! +a' (e-,e+!a'&a !'5-)a,! ,!(ua,! pa'ga' +a' g!3! Sa,a-a' Sa,a-a' upa&a pe-"a!*a' g!3! a+ala# *el)p*.*el)p* &a'g "e-e,!* )e'+e-!(a *ela!'a' g!3! a'(a-a la!' 1= Ba&!% a'a* "al!(a% a'a* p-a ,e*la# +a' a'a* u,!a ,e*la# 2= $a'!(a U,!a Su"u- <$US= (e-)a,u* al' pe'ga'(!' <a'(!'=% !"u #a)!l% !"u '!5a,% !"u )e'&u,u!% +a' u,!a la'u(
25
+.5 Pen0em1u!an Pen0a&it dan Pea0anan Kese!atan Pea0anan Medi& Raat $aan a Pe'ge-(!a' A+ala# pela&a'a' )e+!* &a'g +!la*u*a' le# pela*,a'a pela&a'a'
<+*(e-= "a!* ,ea-a ,e'+!-! a(aupu' a(a, *-+!'a,! "e-,a)a +e'ga' ,e,a)a p-5e,! )aupu' pela*,a'a pe'u'a'g pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' la!' ,e,ua! +e'ga' ee'a'g'&a% u'(u* )e'&ele,a!*a' )a,ala# *e,e#a(a' +a' )e'&e)"u#*a' pe'&a*!( &a'g +!(e)u*a' +a-! pe'ggu'a a,a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% +e'ga' (!+a* )e)a'+a'g u)u- +a' e'!, *ela)!'% &a'g +apa( +!,ele'gga-a*a' pa+a -ua'g p-a*(e* " Tuua' Tuua' U)u) Tuua' pela&a'a' )e+!* -aa( ala' a+ala# (e-uu+'&a pe'ggu'a a,a +a' *elua-ga'&a &a'g pa-(!,!pa(!5% ,e#a( ,ea#(e-a% "a+a'% !a% +a' ,,!al &a'g )e)u'g*!'*a' ,e(!ap a'gg(a *elua-ga #!+up p-+u*(!5 ,ea-a ,,!al +a' e*')! +e'ga' "a!* Tuua' K#u,u, 1= Me'!'g*a(*a' *e)a)pua' +a' pe-a' ,e-(a )a,&a-a*a(% *elua-ga +a' ,elu-u# a'gg(a'&a u'(u* )e'ga(a,! )a,ala# *e,e#a(a''&a ,e'+!-!% (-u(a)a )elalu! pe'!'g*a(a' *e,e#a(a' +a,a- +a' pe'ega#a' pe'&a*!( 2= Me'!'g*a(*a' *e,e#a(a' Jpe'ggu'a a,a pela&a'a'% +a' *)u'!*a,! &a'g +!la&a'! le# Pu,*e,)a, = Te-,ele'gga-a'&a pela&a'a' )e+!* &a'g "e-*ual!(a, ,e-(a )el!"a(*a' pa-(!,!pa,! *elua-ga (e-#a+ap pe-aa(a' u'(u* a= Me'gu-a'g! pe'+e-!(aa' *a-e'a ,a*!( "= Me'ega# (!)"ul +a' "e-*e)"a'g'&a pe'&a*!( *e a-a# *eaa(a' = Me)ul!#*a' *e,e#a(a' 5!,!*% p,!*!, +a' ,,!al 4= Me'u-u''&a a'g*a )-"!+!l!(a, pe'&a*!( +! !la&a# *e-a Pu,*e,)a, Sa,a-a' Sa,a-a' pela&a'a' )e+!* -aa( ala' &a'g +!,ele'gga-a*a' Pu,*e,)a, a+ala# ,e)ua a'gg(a )a,&a-a*a( +e'ga' (!+a* )e)a'+a'g u)u-% +a' (!+a* )e)"e+a*a' ,(-a(a ,,!al
26
Pea0anan Kedaruratan Medi&
a Pe'ge-(!a' A+ala# pela&a'a' )e+!* (e-+epa' &a'g )e-upa*a' pe'a(ala*,a'aa' *eela*aa' +a' *ea+aa' *e+a-u-a(a' )e+!* "e-*e'aa' +e'ga' pe-u"a#a' *ea+aa' "a!* 5!,!lg!*% a'a()!* +a' )e'(al p,!*lg!*al +a-! pe'ggu'a a,a pela&a'a'% &a'g (e-a+! )e'+a+a*% &a'g (!'+a*a' )e'ga(a,!'&a #a-u, ,ege-a +!la*,a'a*a' +! )ula! +a-! (e)pa( *ea+!a' ,a)pa! +e'ga' pela&a'a' )e+!* u'(u* )e'&ela)a(*a' *e#!+upa' " Tuua' Tuua' pela&a'a' *eela*aa' +a' *e+a-u-a(a' )e+!* a+ala# )e)"e-!*a' pe-(l'ga' )e+!* ,ege-a +e'ga' )e'&ele,a!*a' )a,ala# *-!(!, &a'g +!(e)u*a' u'(u* )e'ga)"!l 5u'g,! >!(al (u""u# ,e-(a )e-!'ga'*a' pe'+e-!(aaa' +a-! pe'ggu'a pela&a'a' P-!',!p Ke-a Pela&a'a' *e+a-u-a(a' )e+!* )e)pu'&a! p-!',!p.p-!',!p *e-a *#u,u, &a'g #a-u, +!la*,a'a*a'% &a!(u 1= Pe-(l'ga' #a-u, epa( +a' (epa( 2= Pe-(l'ga' #a-u, )e)e'u#! ,(a'+a- pela&a'a' (!'g*a( p-!)e-% &a!(u a= Me',(a"!l*a' *'+!,! )e+!* u'(u* e>a*ua,! *e (e)pa( -uu*a' "= Me)pe-"a!*! ala' 'a5a, +a' pe-'a5a,a' ,p'(a'% aga- (e-a)!''&a *,!ge'a,! &a'g a+e*ua( *e ,elu-u# (u"u# (e-u(a)a (a* = Me)pe-"a!*! ,!-*ula,! +a-a# += Me'g#!la'g*a' +a' )e'gu-a'g! -a,a '&e-! e= Mela*u*a' (!'+a*a' !'>a,!5 )e+!* &a'g +!pe-lu*a' = Me)"e-!*a' !'5-)e+ ',e'( *epa+a *elua-ga pe'+e-!(a
Pea0anan Kese!atan Gi'i dan Muut
27
a Pe'ge-(!a' A+ala# pela&a'a' g!g! +a' )ulu( &a'g +!la*u*a' le# pela*,a'a pela&a'a' )e+!* a(aupu' *e,e#a(a' &a'g "e-e'a'g +ala) "!+a'g *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu(% &a'g +!la*,a'a*a' ,e'+!-! a(au "e-,a)a )e'u-u( 5u'g,!'&a )a,!'g.)a,!'g% ggu'a )e'ga'(!,!5a,! p-,e, pe'&a*!( g!g! +a' )ulu( +a' pe-)a,ala#a''&a ,ea-a *e,elu-u#a'% &a'g +apa( +!la*,a'a*a' +ala) p-,e+u- pela&a'a' +! *a)a- p-a*(e* +a' +e'ga' pe)"!'aa' *e,e#a(a' !la&a# ,e(e)pa( Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( )el!pu(! 1= Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a,a- pa-!pu-'a &a'g (e-!'(eg-a,! +e'ga' p-g-a).p-g-a) la!' +! Pu,*e,)a, a+ala# pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! e,e',!al &a'g (e-"a'&a* +! "u(u#*a' le# )a,&a-a*a( +e'ga' )e'gu(a)a*a' upa&a pe'!'g*a(a' +a' pe'ega#a' pe'&a*!( g!g! 2= Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! *#u,u, a+ala# upa&a pe-l!'+u'ga' *#u,u,% (!'+a*a'% pe'g"a(a' +a' pe)ul!#a' )a,ala# *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( ,e-(a pela&a'a' a,u#a' ,!,(e)!* *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( " Tuua' Tuua' U)u) Tuua' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( a+ala# )e'!'g*a(*a''&a pa-(!,!pa,! a'gg(a )a,&a-a*a( +a' *elua-ga'&a u'(u* "e-,a)a.,a)a )euu+*a' (e-apa!'&a +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( )a,&a-a*a( &a'g p(!)al Tuua' K#u,u, 1= Me'!'g*a('&a *e,a+a-a'% ,!*ap +a' p-!la*u )a,&a-a*a( +ala) *e)a)pua' pe)el!#a-aa' +!-! +! "!la'g *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( +ala) )e'a-! pe-(l'ga' ,e+!'! )u'g*!' 2= Me'!'g*a(*a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! pe'ggu'a a,a pela&a'a'% *elua-ga +a' *)u'!*a,!'&a = Te-,ele'gga-a'&a pela&a'a' )e+!* g!g! +a' )ulu( &a'g "e-*ual!(a, ,e-(a )el!"a(*a' pa-(!,!pa,! *elua-ga (e-#a+ap pe-aa(a' u'(u* "= Me'g#e'(!*a' pe-ala'a' pe'&a*!( g!g! +a' )ulu( &a'g +!+e-!(a = Te-#!'+a-'&a/"e-*u-a'g'&a ga'ggua' 5u'g,! *u'&a# a*!"a( *e-u,a*a' g!g! +a' )ulu(
28
+= e= 5= g=
Me'gu-a'g! pe'+e-!(a *a-e'a ,a*!( Me'ega# (!)"ul +a' "e-*e)"a'g'&a pe'&a*!( *e a-a# *eaa(a' Me)ul!#*a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( Me'u-u''&a p-e>ele',! pe'&a*!( g!g! +a' )ulu( &a'g "a'&a* +!+e-!(a )a,&a-a*a( (e-u(a)a pa+a *el)p* )a,&a-a*a( &a'g -aa'
Sa,a-a' Kel)p* -e'(a' u'(u* )e'+apa(*a' pela&a'a' a,u#a' *e,e#a(a' g!g! +a' )ulu( &a!(u 1= A'a* ,e*la# +a,a-
D. *.
Pendidi&an Kese!atan Pen'ertian
Pe'+!+!*a'
*e,e#a(a'
a+ala#
p-,e,
)e)"ua(
-a'g
)a)pu
)e'!'g*a(*a' *'(-l +a) )e)pe-"a!*! *e,e#a(a' !'+!>!+u Ke,e)pa(a' &a'g +!-e'a'a*a' u'(u* !'+!>!+u% *el)p* a(au )a,&a-a*a( aga- "elaa- (e'(a'g *e,e#a(a' +a' )ela*u*a' pe-u"a#a'.pe-u"a#a' ,ea-a ,u*a -ela +ala) (!'g*a# la*u !'+!>!+u
)e-upa*a'
,eu)la#
pe'gala)a'
&a'g
"e-pe'ga-u#
)e'gu'(u'g*a' ,ea-a *e"!a,aa'% ,!*ap +a' pe'ge(a#ua' a+a #u"u'ga''&a +e'ga' *e,e#a(a' pe-,e-a'ga'% )a,&a-a*a(% +a' "a'g,a Ke,e)ua'&a !'!% +!pe-,!ap*a' +ala) -a'g*a )e)pe-)u+a# +!(e-!)a'&a ,ea-a ,u*a -ela pe-!la*u &a'g a*a' )e'!'#*a(*a' +'a )e)el!#a-a *e,e#a(a' Me'u-u( S(ea-( +!*u(!p +a-! E55e'+! <1;;7=% u',u- p-g-a) *,e#a(a' +a' *e+*(e-' &a'g +!+ala)'&a (e-*a'+u'g -e'a'a u'(u* )e-u"a# pe-!la*u pe-,e-a'ga' +a' )a,&a-a*a( +e'ga' (uua' u'(u* )e)"a'(u (e-apa!'&a 29
p-g-a) pe'g"a(a'% -e#a"!l!(a,!% pe'ega#a' pe'&a*!( +a' pe'!'g*a(a' *e,e#a(a' Me'u-u( O((aa :#a-(e- <1;6= &a'g +!*u(!p +a-! N(a()+ S% )e)"e-!*a'
pe'ge-(!a'
pe'+!+!*a'
*e,e#a(a'
a+ala#
p-,e,
u'(u*
)e'!'g*a(*a' *e)a)pua' )a,&a-a*a( +ala) )e)el!#a-a +a' )e'!'g*a(*a' *e,e#a(a''&a Sela!' !(u u'(u* )e'apa! +e-aa( *e,e#a(a' &a'g ,e)pu-'a% "a!* 5!,!*% )e'(al +a' ,,!al% )a*a )a,&a-a*a( #a-u, )a)pu )e'ge'al +a' )euu+*a' a,p!-a,!'&a% *e"u(u#a''&a% +a' l!'g*u'ga''&a !+u% *el)p*% a(au )a,&a-a*a(% aga- )ela*,a'a*a' pe-!la*u #!+up ,e#a( Se+a'g*a' ,ea-a pe-a,!'al% pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' )e-upa*a' ,ua(u *eg!a(a' u'(u* )e)"e-!*a' +' a(au )e'!'g*a(*a' pe'ge(a#ua'% ,!*ap% a' p-a*(!* )a,&a-a*a( +ala) )e)el!#a-a +a' )e'!'g*a(*a' *e,e#a(a' )e-e*a ,e'+!-!
+.
Prinsi3-3rinsi3 Pendidi&an Kese!atan
Pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' ,a'ga( pe'(!'g u'(u* )e'u'a'g p-g-a).p-g-a) *e,e#a(a' &a'g la!' A*a' (e(ap! pe-'&a(a' !'! (!+a* +!+u*u'g +e'ga' *e'&a(aa' &a'g a+a *a-e'a p-g-a) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g a+a *u-a'g )el!"a(*a'
pe'+!+!*a'
*e,e#a(a'
Pe'+!+!*a'
)e-upa*a'
J"e#a>!-
!'>e,()e'( a'g*a pa'a'g A-(!'&a pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' "a-u +apa( +!l!#a( "e"e-apa (a#u' *e)u+!a' Dala) a*(u &a'g pe'+e*% pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' #a'&a )e'g#a,!l*a' pe-u"a#a' a(au pe'!'g*a(a' pe'ge(a#ua' )a,&a-a*a( Se+a'g*a' pe'!'g*a(a' pe'ge(a#ua' ,aa "elu) a*a' "e-pe'ga-u# la'g,u'g (e-#a+ap !'+!*a(- *e,e#a(a' Pe'ge(a#ua' *e,e#a(a' a*a' "e-pe'ga-u# (e-#a+ap pe-!la*u ,e"aga! #a,!l a'g*a )e'e'ga# +a-! pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' Sela'u('&a a*a' "e-pe'ga-u# 30
pa+a
pe'!'g*a(a'
!'+!*a(-
*e,e#a(a'
)a,&a-a*a(
,e"aga!
*elua-a'
pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a'
.
Ruan' Lin'&u3 Pendidi&an Kese!atan
Rua'g l!'g*up pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' +apa( +!l!#a( +a-! "e-"aga! +!)e',!% a'(a-a la!' +!)e',! ,a,a-a' pe'+!+!*a'% +!)e',! (e)pa( pela*,a'aa' a(au apl!*a,!'&a% +a' +!)e',! (!'g*a( pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' D!)e',! ,a,a-a' pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' +!"ag! )e'a+! *el)p*
1= 2= =
Pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' !'+!>!+ual Pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' *el)p* Pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a(
D!)e',! (e)pa( pela*,a'aa''&a% pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' +apa( "e-la'g,u'g +! "e-"aga! (e)pa(% )!,al +!,e*la#% -u)a# ,a*!(% (e)pa( *e-a% +ll D!)e',! (!'g*a(
pela&a'a'
*e,e#a(a'
+apa(
+!la*u*a'
"e-+a,a-*a'
9
(!'g*a(
pe'ega#a'
1= 2= =
P-),! *e,e#a(a' <#eal(# p-)(!'= Pe-l!'+u'ga' *#u,u, <,pe!5! p-(e(!'= D!ag',!, +!'! +a' pe'g"a(a' ,ege-a
p-)p( (-ea()e'(=
4= 9=
Pe)"a(a,a' aa( <+!,a"!l!(& l!)!(a(!' Re#a"!l!(a,! <-e#a"!l!(a(!'=
2. Tu)uan Pendidi&an Kese!atan
31
Tuua' u(a)a pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' a+ala# aga- -a'g )a)pu )e'e-ap*a' )a,ala# +a' *e"u(u#a' )e-e*a ,e'+!-!% )a)pu )e)a#a)! apa &g +apa( )e-e*a la*u*a' (e-#a+ap )a,ala#'&a% +e'ga' ,u)"e- +a&a &g a+a pa+a )e-e*a +!(a)"a# +e'ga' +u*u'ga' +a-! lua-% +a' )a)pu )e)u(u,*a' *eg!a(a' &g (epa( gu'a u'(u* )e'!'g*a(*a' (a-a5 #!+up ,e#a( +a' *e,ea#(e-aa' )a,&a-a*a( (Mubarak, 2009). Me'u-u( U'+a'g.u'+a'g Ke,e#a(a' N 2 Ta#u' 1;;2 +a' $HO% (uua' pe'+!+!*a'
*e,e#a(a'
a+ala#
)e'!'g*a(*a'
*e)a)pua'
)a,&a-a*a(
u'(u*
)e)el!#a-a +a' )e'!'g*a(*a' +e-aa( *e,e#a(a'C "a!* ,ea-a 5!,!*% )e'(al +a' ,,!al'&a% ,e#!'gga p-+u*(!5 ,ea-a e*')! )aupu' ,!al% pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' +!,e)ua p-g-a) *e,e#a(a'C "a!* pe)"e-a'(a,a' pe'&a*!( )e'ula-% ,a'!(a,! l!'g*u'ga'% g!3! )a,&a-a*a(% pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% )aupu' p-g-a) *e,e#a(a' la!''&a (Mubarak, 2009). Me'u-u( Be'&a)!' Bl) <1;0= (uua' pe'+!+!*a' a+ala# )e'ge)"a'g*a' a(au )e'!'g*a(*a' +)a!' pe-!la*u &a!(u *g'!(!5
1= A#l! *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( +ala) )e)"!a-a*a' ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' )e'gau *epa+a HLBlu) Blu) )e'&!)pul*a' "a#a l!'g*u'ga' )e)pu'&a! a'+!l &a'g pal!'g "e,a- (e-#a+ap ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' D!,u,ul le# pe-!la*u )e)pu'&a!
a'+!l
')-
+ua Pela&a'a'
*e,e#a(a'% +a'
*e(u-u'a'
)e)pu'&a! a'+!l *e!l (e-#a+ap ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' 2= La-e'e G-ee' )e'ela,*a' "a#a pe-!la*u !(u +!la(a- "ela*a'g! a(au +!pe'ga-u#! 5a*(- p** &a*'! a= a*(-.5a*(- p-e+!p,!,!
32
= a*(-.5a*(- &a'g )e)pe-*ua( a(au )e'+-'g <-e!'5-!'g 5a(-,=
E. Pea0anan Kese!atan *. Pen'ertian
Me'u-u( P-5 D- Se*!+ N(a()<2001= pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' a+ala# ,u" ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g (uua' u(a)a'&a a+ala# pela&a'a' p-e>e'(!5 e'(!5
+. Tu)uan Pea0anan Kese!atan 1= P-)(!5 <)e)el!#a-a +a' )e'!'g*a(*a' *e,e#a(a'= 2= Hal !'! +!pe-lu*a' )!,al'&a +ala) pe'!'g*a(a' g!3!% pe-"a!*a' ,a'!(a,!
l!'g*u'ga' = P-e>e'(!5 e'(!5 p-!)e- Te-+!-! +a-! p-g-a) pe'+!+!*a'% ,epe-(! !)u'!,a,!%pe'&e+!aa' 'u(-!,! &a'g "a!*% +a' *e,ega-a' 5!,!*
33
"=
P-e>e'(!>e ,e*u'+e- Te-+!-! +a-! pe'g"a(a' pe'&a*!( pa+a (a#ap +!'! u'(u* )e)"a(a,! *eaa(a' +e'ga' a-a )e'g!'+a-! a*!"a( &a'g (!)"ul +a-!
pe-*e)"a'ga' pe'&a*!( (e-,e"u( = P-e>e'(!5 (e-,!e- Pe)"ua(a' +!ag',e +D!(u'u*a' u'(u* )ela*,a'a*a' (!'+a*a' -e#a"!l!(a,!% pe)"ua(a' +!ag',e +a' pe'g"a(a' 9= Ku-a(!5
. Tin'&at Pea0anan Kese!atan
Me'u-u( Lea>el :la-*<2009= (!'g*a( pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )e-upa*a' "ag!a' +a-! ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g +!"e-!*a' pa+a )a,&a-a*a( Dala) )e)"e-!*a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' #a-u, )e)a'+a'g pa+a (!'g*a( pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g a*a' +!"e-!*a'% &a!(u a= Heal(# P-)(!' e& pe'&a-!'ga' *a,u, 2. Lem1a'a Pea0anan Kese!atan
34
Me'u-u( H!+a&a(<200= le)"aga pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )e-upa*a' (e)pa( pe)"e-!a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' pa+a )a,&a-a*a( u'(u* )e'!'g*a(*a' ,(a(u, *e,e#a(a' Be->a-!a,! "e-+a,a-*a' (uua' pe)"e-!a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' 1= Raa( ala' Pu,a( pela&a'a' -aa( ala'% ,a)a +e'ga' *l!'!*% )e)"e-! pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +e'ga' a-a -aa( ala' Pu,a( (e-,e"u( )u'g*!' "e-ga"u'g +e'ga' -u)a# ,a*!( a(au "e-5u'g,! ,ea-a )a'+!-! +!"aa# ,ua(u &a&a,a' a(au +!"aa# pe'gaa,a' ,e-a'g +*(e- a(au ,e*el)p* +*(e- Pu,a( pela&a'a' -aa( ala' )u'g*!' +apa( "e-l*a,! +ala) ,ua(u 5a,!l!(a, -aa( !'apC (e(ap! ,e"ag!a' "e,a- "e-+!-! ,e'+!-! +a' "e-l*a,! au# +a-! !',(!(u,! -aa( !'ap &a'g "e,a- Pu,a(.Be+a# )e-upa*a' ,ala# ,a(u '(# +a-! pu,a( pela&a'a' -aa( ala' +!)a'a *l!e' +a(a'g u'(u* )ela*u*a' p-,e+u- p-a,! )!'- ,epe-(! pe'ga'g*a(a' *a(a-a*% "e+a# pla,(!*% +a' p-,e+u-
e'+,*p!
Pu,a(
pe-aa(a'
+a-u-a(
&a'g
)e)"e-!*a'
pela&a'a' 24 a) "ag! *l!e' +e'ga' e+e-a )!'- a(au pe'&a*!( ,epe-(! la,e-a,! +a' !'5lue'3a Pu,a( pe-aa(a' +a-u-a( )e'aa-*a' al(e-'a(!5 pela&a'a' ,epe-(! &a'g +!"e-!*a' pa+a -ua'g *e+a-u-a(a' -u)a# ,a*!( 2= I',(!(u,! Le)"aga !',(!(u,!'al (e-+!-! +a-! -u)a# ,a*!(% 5a,!l!(a, pe-aa(a' &a'g +!pe-lua,% 5a,!l!(a, p,!*!a(-!% +a' pu,a( -e#a"!l!(a,! Se)ua'&a )e'aa-*a' "e'(u* pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' -aa( !'ap <*l!e' +!(e-!)a )a,u* +a' (!'ggaCl +! ,ua(u !',(!(u,! u'(u* pe'e'(ua' +!ag',a% )e'e-!)a pela&a'a' pe'g"a(a' +a' -e#a"!l!(a,!= Se"ag!a' "e,a- !',(!(u,! uga )e'aa-*a' pela&a'a' -aa( ala' <*l!e' "e-*u'u'g *e ,ua(u !',(!(u,! u'(u* )e'e-!)a ,ua(u ep!,+e +!ag',a a(au pe'g"a(a' &a'g a*a' ,ele,a! +ala) "e"e-apa a)= = H,p!e A+ala# ,ua(u ,!,(e) pe-aa(a' &a'g "e-pu,a( pa+a *elua-ga &a'g "e-(uua' 35
aga- *l!e' +apa( (!'ggal +!-u)a#'&a +e'ga' a)a'% )a'+!-!% +a' pe'u# #a-ga +!-!% ,a)"!l )e-!'ga'*a' pe'+e-!(aa' &a'g +!,e"a"*a' le# pe'&a*!( (e-)!'al &a'g +!+e-!(a'&a *u, pe-aa(a' #,p!e a+ala# pe-aa(a' pal!a(!5% "u*a' pe'g"a(a' *u-a(!5 H,p!e +apa( "e-)a'5aa( u'(u* *l!e' &a'g "e-a+a pa+a (a#ap (e-)!'al +e'ga' pe'&a*!( apapu'% ,epe-(! *a-+!)!pa(!% ,*le-,!, )ul(!ple% AIDS% *a'*e-% e)5!,e)a% a(au pe'&a*!( g!'al 4= :))u'!(& Ba,e+ Age'& Me-upa*a' "ag!a' +a-! le)"aga pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g +!la*u*a' pa+a *l!e' pa+a *elua-ga'&a% ,e"aga!)a'a pela*,a'aa' pe-aa(a' *elua-ga ,epe-(! p-a*(e* pe-aa( *elua-ga +a' la!'.la!'
6. Lin'&u3 Sistem Pea0anan Kese!atan
Me'u-u( Pe--&<200;= +ala) ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +apa( )e'a*up pela&a'a' +*(e-% pela&a'a' *epe-a(a'% +a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )a,&a-a*a( D*(e- )e-upa*a' ,u",!,(e) +a-! pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' Su",!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' (e-,e"u( )e)!l!*! (uua' )a,!'g.)a,!'g +e'ga' (!+a* )e'!'ggal*a' (uua' u)u) +a-! pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g a+a ,e*a-a'g !'! +apa( +!,ele'gga-a*a' le# p!#a* pe)e-!'(a# )aupu' ,a,(a Dala) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' (e-+apa( "e'(u*% &a!(u 1= P-!)a-& Heal(# :a-e
36
U'(u* pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' !'! +!pe-lu*a' "ag! )a,&a-a*a( a(au *l!e' &a'g )e)"u(u#*a' pe-aa(a' +!-u)a# ,a*!( a(au -aa( !'ap +a' (!+a* +!la*,a'a*a' +! pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' u(a)a Pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' !'! +!la*,a'a*a' +! -u)a# ,a*!( &a'g (e-,e+!a (e'aga ,pe,!al!, a(au ,ee'!,'&a = Te-(!a-& Heal(# Se->!e,
5. #a&tor ;an' Mem3en'aru!i Pea0anan Kese!atan
Me'u-u( H!+a&a(<200= +ala) )e)"e-!*a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' (!+a* ,egala'&a (e-apa! ,a,a-a'% a*a' (e(ap! )e)"u(u#*a' ,ua(u p-,e, u'(u* )e'ge(a#u! )a,ala# &a'g +!(!)"ul*a''&a Pela*,a'aa' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' uga a*a' le"!# "e-*e)"a'g a(au ,e"al!*'&a a*a' (e-#a)"a( *a-e'a +!pe'ga-u#! le# "e"e-apa 5a*(-% &a!(u */ Il)u Pe'ge(a#ua' +a' Te*'lg! Ba-u
Pela*,a'aa' ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' +apa( +!pe'ga-u#! le# !l)u p'ge(a#ua' +a' (e*'lg! "a-u% )e'g!'ga( pe-*e)"a'ga' !l)u pe'ge(a#ua' +a' (e*'lg!% )a*a a*a' +!!*u(! le# pe-*e)"a'ga' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' a(au uga ,e"aga! +a)pa*'&a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' ela, le"!# )e'g!*u(! pe-*e)"a'ga' +a' (e*'lg! ,epe-(! +ala) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' u'(u* )e'ga(a,! )a,ala# pe'&a*!(. pe'&a**!( &a'g ,ul!( +apa( +!gu'a*a' pe'ggu'aa' ala( ,epe-(! la,e-% (e-ap! pe-u"a#a' ge' +a' la!'.la!' Be-+a,a-*a' !(u% )a*a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )e)"u(u#*a' "!a&a &a'g u*up )a#al +a' pela&a'a' a*a' le"!# p-5e,!'al +a' "u(u# (e'aga.(e'aga &a'g a#l! +ala) "!+'g (e-(e'(u 2= Pe-ge,e-a' N!la! Ma,&a-a*a( 37
Be-la'g,u'g'&a ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' uga +apa( +!pe'ga-u#! le# '!la! &a'g a+a +!)a,&a-a*a( ,e"aga! pe'ggu'aa' a,a pela&a'a'% +!)a'a +e'ga' "e-aga)'&a )a,&a-a*a(% )a*a +apa( )e'!)"ul*a' pe)a'5aa(a' a,a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' &a'g "e-"e+a Ma,&a-a*a( &a'g ,u+a# )au +e'ga' pe'ge(a#ua' &a'g (!'gg!% )a*a a*a' )e)!l!*! *e,a+a-a' &a'g le"!# +ala) pe'ggu'aa' a(au pe)a'5aa(a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% +e)!*!a' uga ,e"al!*'&a pa+a )a,&a-a*a( &a'g )e)!l!*! pe'ge(a#ua' &a'g *u-a'g a*a' )e)!l!*! *e,a+a-a' &a'g -e'+a# (e-#a+ap pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% ,e#!'gga *'+!,! +e)!*!a' a*a' ,a'ga( )e)pe'ga-u#! ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' = A,pe* Legal +a' E(!* De'ga'
(!'gg!'&a
*e,a+a-a'
)a,&a-a*a(
(e-#a+ap
pe'ggu'aa'
a(au
pe)a'5aa(a' a,a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% )a*a a*a' ,e)a*!' (!'gg! pula (u'(u(a' #u*u) +a e(!* +ala) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a'% ,e#!'gga pela*u pe)"e-! pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' #a-u, +!(u'(u( u'(u* )e)"e-!*a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' ,ea-a p-5e,!'al +e'ga' )e)pe-#a(!*a' '!la!.'!la! #u*u) +a' e(!*a &a'g a+a +!)a,&a-a*a( 4= E*')! Pela*,a'aa' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' a*a' +!pe'ga-u#! le# (!'g*a( e*')! +! )a,&a-a*a( Se)a*!' (!'gg! e*')! ,e,e-a'g% pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' a*a' le"!# +!pe-#a(!*a' +a' )u+a# +!a'g*au% +e)!*!a' uga ,e"al!*'&a apa"!la (!'g*a( e*')! ,e,e-a'g -e'+a#% )a*a a*a' ,ul!( )e'a'g*au pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )e'g!'ga( "!a&a +ala) a,a pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' )e)"u(u#*a' "!a&a &a'g u*up )a#al Kea+aa' e*')! !'! &a'g a*a' +apa( )e)pe'ga-u#! +ala) ,!,(e) pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' 9= Pl!(!* Ke"!a*a' pe)e-!'(a# )elalu! ,!,(e) pl!(!* &a'g a+a a*a' ,a'ga( "e-pe'ga-u# ,e*al! +ala) ,!,(e) pe)"e-!a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' Ke"!a*a'. *e"!a*a' &a'g a+a +apa( )e)"e-!*a' pla +ala) ,!,(e) pela&a'a'
BAB III 38
PEN%T%P A. Kesim3uan
U'(u*
)e'!'g*a(*a' ,(a(u,
*e,e#a(a'
)a,&a-a*a(
,a'ga( +!pe-lu*a'
pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' Pe'+!+!*a' )a,&a-a*a( a*a' +!"e-!*a' a(au +! !'5-)a,!*a' le# (e'aga *e,e#a(a' Ole# ,e"a" !(u ,elu-u# (e'aga *e,e#a(a' #e'+a*'&a +apa( )ela*u*a'
*eg!a(a'
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pe'&ulu#a'
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)a,&a-a*a(%)e)"e-!*a' "!)"!'ga' a(au pela(!#a' *epa+a *a+e- @ *a+e- +! +ala) -ua'g l!'g*up )a,&a-a*a( De'ga' a+a'&a pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' +ala) )a,&a-a*a( #e'+a*'&a a*a' )e)pe'ga-u#! a(au )e-u"a# ,!*ap +a' pe-!la*u )a,&a-a*a( (e-,e"u( &a!(u !u +a-! )a,&a-a*a( (e-,e"u( B. Saran
D!#a-ap*a' +e'ga' a+a'&a !'5-)a,! )e'ge'a! +e(e-)!'a' *e,e#a(a' % pe-*e)"a'ga' *e,e#a(a' % *e,e#a(a' +a,a- % pe'+!+!*a' *e,e#a(a' +a' pela&a'a' *e,e#a(a' % (e'aga *e,e#a(a' )a)pu )e)"e-!*a' pe'&ulu#a' )e'ge'a! *e,e#a(a' Tuua''&a aga- )a,&a-a*a( )e'ge(a#u! )e'ge'a! *e,e#a(a' +a' +apa( (e-#!'+a- +a-! pe'&a*!(
Da
Dep*e, RI% <200;= Sistem Kesehatan Nasional a*a-(a I-#a) Ma#5e+3 +a' E* Su-&a'!200 Pendidikan Kesehatan Bagian Dari Promosi Kesehatan !(-a)a&ag&a*a-(a Se*!+ N(a()% P-5% D- <2007= Kesehatan Masyarakat, Ilmu dan Seni, Rineka ipta a*a-(a Dep*e, RI% <200;= Sistem Kesehatan Nasional a*a-(a H!+a&a(% AA A% <200= Pengantar Konsep Dasar Kepera!atan, "disi # a*a-(a Sale)"a Me+!*a P((e-%Pa(-!!aPe--&%A''e G-!55!'% <2009= Buku $%ar &undamental Kepera!atan, "disi ', (olume ) EG: a*a-(a Sa(-!a'ega-a% M a!,% <200;= Buku $%ar *rganisasi Dan Mana%emen Pelayanan Kesehatan Serta Ke+idanan a*a-(a Sale)"a Me+!*a
N(a()%,e*!+200 Pendidikan dan perilaku kesehatana*a-(a R!'e*a :!p(a
Se(!aa(!%De-)aa'200 Proses Pem+ela%aran Dalam Pendidikan Kesehatana*a-(aCT-a', I'5 Me+!a
N(a()+% Se*!+ 2009 Promosi Kesehatan eori dan $plikasi a*a-(a R!'e*a :!p(a
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