TEMARIO DE OPOSICIONES MAESTRO DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL GENERALITAT DE CATALUÑA
INDICE
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Bloque I Tema 1 -----------------------------------------Tema Tema 2 ---------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------Tema Tema 3 ---------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------Tema Tema 4 ---------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------Tema Tema 5 ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------
Pg. 4 Pg. 8 Pg. 12 Pg. 16 Pg. 20
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Bloque II Tema Tema 6 ---------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------Tema Tema 11 ---------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------Tema Tema 12 -------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------Tema Tema 13 -------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------Tema Tema 14 -------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------
Pg. 25 Pg. 29 Pg. 33 Pg. 36 Pg. 40
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Bloque III Tema Tema 8 ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Pg. 45 Tema Tema 9 ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Pg. 49 Tema 10 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 53
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Bloque IV Tema Tema 7 ---------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Pg. 58 Tema 15 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 62
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Bloque V Tema 16 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 67 Tema 17 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 72 Tema 24 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 76
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Bloque VI Tema 18 ----------------------------------------Tema 19 ----------------------------------------Tema 20 ----------------------------------------Tema 21 ----------------------------------------Tema 22 ----------------------------------------Tema 23 -----------------------------------------
Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg. Pg.
81 85 89 93 97 101
- Tema 25 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 105 BLOQUE I -
Tema 1 Tema 2 Tema 3 Tema 4 Tema 5
TEMA 1
1. Caracer!"#ca" Caracer!"#ca" $e%erale" &el %#'o (a"a lo" ) a'o" (Osterrieth, 1993: “Psicología Infantil”)
1.1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.2.
Cara Caract cter erí ít!c t!ca a ge"e ge"era ra#e #e $e# $e# $ea $earr rr%# %##% #% Cara Caract cter erí ít!c t!ca a ge" ge"er era# a#e e $e# $e# "!& "!&%% 'at 'ataa #% #% 6 a&% a&%
*. Pr#%c#+ale" ,acore" que #%er-#e%e% e% "u &e"arrollo (Piaget, Palacios, Coll…)
2.1. 2.1. (act (act%r %re e $e# $e# $e $ear arr% r%## ##%% ge" ge"er era# a# 2.2. 2.2. (act (act%r %re e $e# $e# $e $ear arr% r%## ##%% eg) eg)"" $!t $!t!" !"t% t% a*t% a*t%re re 2.2.1. P!aget 2.2.2. Otr%
. Ea+a" / 0o0e%o" 0" "#$%#,#ca#-o" (Siguieno a Piaget) (P! "a#er, 19$1: “%l ni&o frente al 'uno”)
3.1. 3.1. +Q +Q*, *, e"te e"te"$ "$em em% % %r %r et eta$ a$!% !% 3.2. 3.2. /e /ea arr rr%# %##% #% %r %r et eta$ a$!% !% % eta etaa a 3.2.1. 3.2.1. Per!%$ Per!%$%% e"%r e"%r!%m !%m%t% %t%r r 3.2. 3.2.2. 2. Per! Per!%$ %$%% c%" c%"cr cret et%%
2. El &e"arrollo #%,a%#l e% el +r#0er a'o &e -#&a 4.1. 4.1. 4.2.
(ae (ae re" re"at ata# a# % er! er!%$ %$%% eta eta## La e$a$ e,
3. El +a+el &el a&ulo 5.1. 5.1. 5.2. 5.2.
(Car'en Sal'oral)
Im% Im%rt rta" a"c! c!aa $e #a er er% %"a "a c*!$ c*!$a$ a$%r %raa I"# I"#*e *e"c "c!a !a $e $e ,t ,taa % %re re e# $ea $earr rr%# %##% #%
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
2
- Tema 25 ----------------------------------------- Pg. 105 BLOQUE I -
Tema 1 Tema 2 Tema 3 Tema 4 Tema 5
TEMA 1
1. Caracer!"#ca" Caracer!"#ca" $e%erale" &el %#'o (a"a lo" ) a'o" (Osterrieth, 1993: “Psicología Infantil”)
1.1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.2.
Cara Caract cter erí ít!c t!ca a ge"e ge"era ra#e #e $e# $e# $ea $earr rr%# %##% #% Cara Caract cter erí ít!c t!ca a ge" ge"er era# a#e e $e# $e# "!& "!&%% 'at 'ataa #% #% 6 a&% a&%
*. Pr#%c#+ale" ,acore" que #%er-#e%e% e% "u &e"arrollo (Piaget, Palacios, Coll…)
2.1. 2.1. (act (act%r %re e $e# $e# $e $ear arr% r%## ##%% ge" ge"er era# a# 2.2. 2.2. (act (act%r %re e $e# $e# $e $ear arr% r%## ##%% eg) eg)"" $!t $!t!" !"t% t% a*t% a*t%re re 2.2.1. P!aget 2.2.2. Otr%
. Ea+a" / 0o0e%o" 0" "#$%#,#ca#-o" (Siguieno a Piaget) (P! "a#er, 19$1: “%l ni&o frente al 'uno”)
3.1. 3.1. +Q +Q*, *, e"te e"te"$ "$em em% % %r %r et eta$ a$!% !% 3.2. 3.2. /e /ea arr rr%# %##% #% %r %r et eta$ a$!% !% % eta etaa a 3.2.1. 3.2.1. Per!%$ Per!%$%% e"%r e"%r!%m !%m%t% %t%r r 3.2. 3.2.2. 2. Per! Per!%$ %$%% c%" c%"cr cret et%%
2. El &e"arrollo #%,a%#l e% el +r#0er a'o &e -#&a 4.1. 4.1. 4.2.
(ae (ae re" re"at ata# a# % er! er!%$ %$%% eta eta## La e$a$ e,
3. El +a+el &el a&ulo 5.1. 5.1. 5.2. 5.2.
(Car'en Sal'oral)
Im% Im%rt rta" a"c! c!aa $e #a er er% %"a "a c*!$ c*!$a$ a$%r %raa I"# I"#*e *e"c "c!a !a $e $e ,t ,taa % %re re e# $ea $earr rr%# %##% #%
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
2
TEMA 1 CARACTER4STICAS GENERALES DEL NIÑO 5ASTA LOS ) AÑOS (Osterrieth,
1.
1993: “Psicología infantil”)
1.1.
CCTETIC IC EELE /E /EL /EOLLO E" e# $ea $earr% rr%## ##%% !c !c%# %#:g :g!c !c%% ; í! í!c% c% e $a !m* !m*#t< #t<"e "eam ame" e"te te *" au0e%o
cua%#a#-o =#e; =#e; $e r%gre r%gre!:" !:" e%> e%> ta##a? ta##a? ; cual#a#-o =m%$!!cac!:" $e# eta$% a"ter!%r @*e aecta a #a ma$*rac!:" $e# M#el#%#6ac#7%?. E" e# $earr%##% í@*!c% e $!t!"g*e" ,a"e" &e equ#l#8r#o =eta!#!$a$ tem%ra#?
a#ter"a$a c%" +er#o&o" &e cr#"#" =m%$!!cac!%"e r%*"$a?. Eta cr!! !g*e" * r%!a reg#a eA%#*t!Aa> "% te"!e"$% #% m!m% í"t%ma "! aarec!e"$% a# m!m% t!em%. E# c*er% act)a c%" * !tema c%m% *" t%$% *"!$% = u%#&a& ,u%c#o%al ? er%
@*e "% act)a $e ma"era *"!%rme = &#"oc#ac#7% ,#"#ol7$#ca ?. eg)" Ge"ell > e# "!&% e $earr%##a c%m% *" t%$%. * er%"a#!$a$
e *"a re$ %rga"!a$a %rga"!a$a $e etr*ct*ra $e c%m%rtam!e"t% c%m%rtam!e"t% er%"a# ; %c!a#. /!t!"g*e 4 e",era" &e co0+ora0#e%o @*e e $earr%##a" c%"*"tame"teD c%"*"tame"teD o
C%m%rtam!e"t% m%t%rD P%t*ra> etc.
o
C%m%rtam!e"t% a$atat!A%D I"te#!ge"c!a
o
C%m C% m%r %rta tam! m!e" e"t% t% Aer Aera# a#DD (%rm (%rma a $e c%m* c%m*"! "!ca cac! c!:" :" ; c%mre"!:".
o
C%m%rtam!e"t% %c!a#D eacc!%"e er%"a#e.
Le/e" 8#ol7$#ca 8#ol7$#ca"" $e COILL r<!c% $e #a Le/e" COILL A!"c*#a$a a# $earr%##% ; c%"tr%# "e*r%m%t%r =0-6 a&%?D
3
Le/ c9,alo:cau&alD E# r%ce% $e me#!"!ac!:" e !"!c!a e" #a caea ; aAa"a 'ata #% !e Le/ +r7;#0o:&#"al D La %rga"!ac!:" m%t%ra 2. r%ce$e $e$e e# ee ce"tra# a #a eFtrem!$a$e Pr#%c#+#o &el e%rela6a0#e%o rec!+roco D E# 3. $earr%##% $e #a #%c%m%c!:" ; at!t*$e m%t%ra !"a eF!ge #a c%%r$!"ac!:" $e #% !t. Parea$% ; %*et%. La eFte"!:" ; #a #eF!:" %" #% c%m%"e"te *"$ame"ta#e $e# m%A.m*c*#ar. Le/ &e a"#0er#a ,u%c#o%al D !emre 'a; *" 4. re$%m!"!% $e *"% * %tr% 'em!er!% cerera#> #% c*a# ma"!!eta #a #atera#!$a$ $e# !"$!A!$*%> #a reere"c!a e" e# *% $e *"a ma"%> !eG 1.
1.2.
CCTETIC EELE /EL IHO T LO 6 HOD EIE-/E-ILICE
*.
PRINCIPALES FACTORES
2.1.
(CTOE /EL /EOLLO EEL I%er%o" =1er %r$e"? : e",t!c% =Pa#ac!%? = E" e# r%grama ge",t!c% 'a; c%m#eme"tar!e$a$ e"tre
(ere%c#a =arte cerra$a> etr!ctame"te !a$a? ; 0e&#o =arte a!erta @*e $ea a# %rga"!m% c!erta #!erta$ $e re*eta?.
: !t. E"$%cr!"%D E# crec!m!e"t% ; #a ma$*rac!:" $e# %rga"!m% et<" reg*#a$% %r #a '%rm%"a. E# !t.e"$%cr!"% c*#m!"a e" #a a$%#ece"c!a c%" #a *eta e" *"c!%"am!e"t% $e ,ta =ma$*re eF*a#?.
: eta%#!m%D eca"!m% %r e# c*a# e# %rga"!m% !"c%r%ra #% e#eme"t% "*tr!e"te $e #% a#!me"t%> #% tra"%rta a #% :rga"% @*e #% "ece!ta"> #% a!m!#a ; e#!m!"a #% re!$*%. •
E;er%o" =m#!a gama? 4
−
C%"$!c!%"e am!e"ta#eD m!e"te m< cerca"% =am!#!a>ec*e#a? ; m!e"te %c!a#
−
Otr%D !g!,"!c%> !c%aect!A%> a#!me"tac!:" ; "*tr!c!:"G
2.2.
(CTOE /E /EL /E /EOLLO E EJ U UTOE PIAGET : (act%re "%rmat!A%D B re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a BIOLO ; re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a ITOI = Ma&urac#7% 8#ol7$#ca> =Tra%"0#"#7% Soc#al ?
: (act%r (act%re e O "%rma "%rmat!A t!A%D %D K re#ac re#ac!%" !%"a$% a$% c%" A!Ae"c A!Ae"c!a !a ; eF eFer! er!e"c e"c!a !a er%"a#e
:
OTROS TOLD ere"c!a> E$a$> EFer!e"c!a ; Etím*#% eFter!%r
:
(EETEID Ca*a $!ta"te> Pr:F!ma ; Pr%$*ct% !"a# =$eterm!"a"te e#
ae# $e# me$!a$%r me$!a$%r %c!a#?
ETAPAS ? MOMENTOS M@S SIGNIFICATIVOS (Siguieno a Piaget) (P! "a#er,
.
19$1: “%l ni&o frente al 'uno”)
+QU ETE/EO PO ESTADIOS %me %me"t "t% % $e# $e# $ea $earr rr%# %##% #% cara caract cter er! !a$ a$% % %r %r rag rag% % etr* etr*ct ct*r *ra$ a$% % @*e @*e c%" c%"t! t!t* t*;e ;e"" *"a *"a me"ta me"ta#! #!$a $a$$ g#% g#%a# a# c%"!te c%"!te"te> "te> a*"@*e a*"@*e aaera. aaera. Et% rag% rag% e re!ere" a @*e #% *et% *et% re*e#Ae" re*e#Ae" #% r%#ema $e ma"era ma"era $!ere"te e" ca$a ca$a eta$!%. L% ee"c!a# ee"c!a# e e# %r$e" e" @*e @*e e *ce$e" *ce$e" #a c%"$*cta *et% @*e #a e$a$e %" a tít*#% %r!e"tat!A%.
3.1.
3.2.
/EOLLO PO ETP O ET/IO • Per!o&o "e%"or#o0oor =0-18M24mee?= Etaa @*e tra"c*rre a"te $e #a aar!c!:" $e# #e"g #e"g*a *ae e $*ra $*ra"t "tee #a @*e @*e #a !"te !"tera racc cc!: !:"" "!&% "!&%-a -am m!e !e"t "tee e rea# rea#! !aa $e %rm %rmaa e"%r!%m%t%ra.
:
Caracterít!caD La
c%"$*c "$*cta ta
re# re#eea> a>
a#
re!terare> $a" #*gar a $!ere"te e@* e@*em ema a
@*e @*e
eA%# eA%#*c *c!% !%"a "a""
'ata c%%r$!"are.
E#
"!&% "!&% atr! atr!* *;;e a #% #% %e %et% t% *"a *"a r% r%!e !e$a $a$e $e c%" c%"ta ta"t "te e @*e @*e %" %"
caracterít!ca $e e##% ; %rma" %et% @*e e Aa" 'ac!e"$% r%gre!Aame"te !"$ee"$!e"te $e #a act!A!$a$ $e# *et%. Et% 1N %et% "% et<" a)" $%ta$% $e erma"e"c!a =! $eaarece"> $ea" $e eF!t!r?> e# cam!"% 'ac!a c%"t!t*!r %et% erma"e"te e #arg% ; term!"a a# !"a# $e# erí%$%.
E# "!&% c%"t!t*;e c%"cet% c%"cet% r eac!%> t!em% ; ca*a#!$a$. ca*a#!$a$. 5
I"te#!ge"c!a r a*"@*e t%$aAía "% e eFrea a traA, $e# #e"g*ae.
•
Per!o&o co%creo P. Pre%erat%r!% =2 -7a? : E# e"am!e"t% $e# "!&% e !m:#!c% =Im!tac!:" $!er!$a> EF.gr<!ca> *eg% !m:#!c% ; eF.Aera#?
: E# e"am!e"t% $e# "!&% e caracter!a %r * eg%ce"tr!m% ; #a $!!c*#ta$ $e $!ere"c!ar #% í!c% $e #% í@*!c%> #% %et!A% %et!A% $e #% *et!A% *et!A% ; * *"t% $e A!ta A!ta $e# $e #% %tr%.
: E# "!&% e caa $e %rga"!ar #a rea#!$a$ %rma"$% categ%ría $e %et% ; eta#ec!e"$% re#ac!%"e ; $ee"$e"c!a e"tre e##%> er% t%$aAía m*; #!m!ta$a %r@*e #% eta$% eta$% ; #a aar!e"c!a aar!e"c!a $%m!"a %re #% #% r%ce%.
: * caac!$a$ $e ma"ear #a !"%rmac!:" e #!m!ta$a> %r #% @*e a Aece :#% e ce"tra %re *" aect% $e #a !t*ac!:".
Oerac!%"e c%"creta =7-12a?
EL DESARROLLO INFANTIL EN EL PRIMER AÑO DE VIDA 4.1. (E PETL O PEO/O (ETL : E# $earr%##% !"a"t!# e $a a"te $e# "ac!m!e"t%> c*a"$% c*a"$% e# "!&% A!Ae $e *" m%$% eta#.
2.
E# et% eta %met!$% a $!Aera !mre!%"e í!c%-%m
: ac!a e# 6N me t!e"e !mre!%"e 'ac!a #a e"ac!:" @*e c%"t!t*;e" e# aect% rece recet t!A !A%% $e# $e# et% et% @*e @*e reac reacc! c!%" %"aa me$! me$!a" a"te te re# re#e e% % art art!c !c*#a *#are re a *" etí etím* m*#% #% $eterm!"a$% =ea reacc!:" e g#%a# ; et< $%m!"a$a %r #% !"t!"t!A%?.
4.2. L E// BEB : E# rec!," "ac!$% et< r%A!t% $e t%$% *" meca"!m% e"%m%t%r @*e *"c!%"a =Perc!e #a #*> reacc!%"a a #% c%#%re> e caa $e mamar> %tear> re%"$e a 6
etím*#% @*e a"*"c!a" #a re"!:"G?. Per%> a# "% %eer "!"g)" c*a$r% $e reere"c!a $%"$e !t*ar ta#e !mre!%"e> !mre!%"e> $ee"$e t%ta#me"te t%ta#me"te ara * *erA!Ae"c!a. *erA!Ae"c!a.
: La rec*e"te reet!c!:" $e #a !t*ac!%"e !g*a#e =er!%$!c!$a$ $e #a "ece!$a$e $e r!mar!a ; ec*"$ar!a? ec*"$ar!a? eta#ece eta#ece e# c%m!e"% $e #a %rga"!ac!:". %rga"!ac!:".
: E" c*a"t% a #a %c!a!#!$a$> a# r!"c!!% #a %"r!a $e# "!&% e e#ect!Aa =e r%$*ce %r #% r%tr% @*e #e %" am!#!are?. art!r $e #% 6 mee ;a 'ar< c%"%c!$% ; "% c%"%c!$% %r #% @*e e# "!&% $ec%"ía $e #% )#t!m%. E" c*a"t% a * !g*a#e> #% trata c%m% %et% =#% em*a> ma"!*#aG? 'ata #% 9 mee c*a"$% ;a #e t%ma m< e" c%"!$erac!:".
: La reacc!%"e em%c!%"a#e @*e re$%m!"a" a# r!"c!!% %" #a "egat!Aa> #a A!$a $e# "!&% "% e ta" agra$a#e c%m% c%m% "% !mag!"am%> *e e Ae aa#ta$% aa#ta$% %r t%$a c#ae $e e"ac!%"e.
: e !"!c!a e# $earr%##% m%t%r. L% m%A!m!e"t% $e# e,> e" * %r!ge"> %" ma!A% ; g#%a#e ; *e$e" er act!Aa$% % !"'!!$% %r c*a#@*!er et!m*#ac!:" eFter"a.
: E" c*a"t% a #a aar!c!:" $e #a !"te#!ge"c!aD La act!A!$a$ @*e era rer%$*ct!Aa ; c%"erAa$%ra> c%"erAa$%ra> e 'ace eF#%ra$%ra.
EL PAPEL DEL D EL ADULTO (Car'en Sal'oral) 5.1. I(LUECI /E /E TE O OBE EL EL /EOLLO ♥ Co$%##-oD E# a$*#t%D : I"tr%$*ce a# "!&% e" e# m*"$% mater!a# =m%tr<"$%#e %et%> c:m% ma"!*#ar#%>
3.
etc?
:
Pr%%rc!%"a a# "!&% #a et!m*#ac!:" e"%r!a# me$!a"te #a e#ecc!:" $e %et%
=A!*a#e> t etc?
: ♥
♥
♥
♥
Et!m*#a e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae =act)a c%m% m%$e#% #!"gít!c%?.
Soc#alD E# "!&% !emre t!e"$e t!e"$e a t%mar c%m% m%$e#% m%$e#% $e c%m%rtam!e"t% %c!a# %c!a# a #% a$*#t% ara ,# !g"!!cat!A%. E# a$*#t% e$*ca ara e##% $e %rma !"$!recta =%rga =%rga"! "!ac ac!:" !:" $e# $e# am!e am!e"te "te>> mater mater!a# !a#e e>> etc? etc? ; $e %rma %rma $!rec $!recta ta =!t*a =!t*ac!% c!%"e "e $e !"teracc!:" $!<$!ca.? B#ol7$#coD Im%rta"te #a #a%r $e eta#ecer %r$e" ; eta!#!$a$ e" #% r!tm% A!ta#e A!ta#e $e# "!&% "!&% =eta =eta!#! !#!$a $a$$ '%rar! '%rar!aa @*e a;*$a a;*$a a# "!&% "!&% a %rga"! %rga"!ar ar * A!Ae"c A!Ae"c!a !a tem%ra#?. MoorD E# a$*#t% r%%rc!%"a !t*ac!%"e $%"$e e# "!&% te"ga #a %%rt*"!$a$ $e eFer!me"tar * %!!#!$a$e %!!#!$a$e $e m%A!m!e"t%> $e a!a"ar a!a"ar * #atera#!$a$> etc. A,ec#-o 7
: /e*, $e# "ac!m!e"t%> e# a$*#t% $ee etar ate"t% a #a ma"!etac!%"e em%c!%"a#e $e# "!&% ;a @*e e !m%rta"te @*e * $ema"$a te"ga" *"a re*eta r%"ta. E"eg*!$a e 'ace ate"te #a A!"c*#ac!:" $e# "!&% c%" * ma$re =aeg% $e BORLBS? *et% @*e ,te ma"!!eta c%"$*cta ara ma"te"ere cerca $e #a ma$re.
: E" #a !"a"c!a reec%#ar e !m%rta"te #a creac!:" $e *" c#!ma $e eg*r!$a$ aect!Aa> $e *" am!e"te eta#e $%"$e eF!te" "%rma ; r*t!"a a art!r $e #a c*a#e e# "!&% %rga"!a * c%m%rtam!e"t%. ♥
* ae# e" #a a&qu#"#c#7% &e (8#o" D L% '<!t% c%m!e"a" a %rmare $e$e #% 1N $ía $e A!$a> c*a"$% #% a$re at!e"$e" #a "ece!$a$e $e *e&%> a#!me"tac!:" e '!g!e"e $e# e,> @*e %c% a %c% e Aa" c%"A!rt!e"$% e" r*t!"a. La r*t!"a $ee" etar ree"te c%" c%"ta"c!a ; c#ar!$a$ t%$% e# $ía e" e# '%gar ; g*ar$ería.
TEMA * 1.
De"arrollo +"#co0oor &el %#'o (a"a lo" ) a'o" (P!"a#er, 19$$: “ilogo cor*oral”)
1.1. 1.2. 2.
E# $earr%##% !c%m%t%r %r etaa (*"$ame"t% "e*r%!%#:g!c% $e# $earr%##% !c%m%t%r
P"#co0or#c#&a& e% el curr!culo &e E&. I%,a%#l (+eal ecreto 133-91.ecreto 19-9/ so0re currículo %I)
2.1. 2.2.
ec*e"c!ac!:" $e c%"te"!$% %r #%@*e /!A!!:" $e #a !c%m%tr!c!$a$
3.
La "e%"ac#7% / +erce+c#7% co0o ,ue%e &e co%oc#0#e%o 3.1. +Q*, e"te"$em% %r 3.2. C#a!!cac!:" $e #a e"ac!%"e 3.3. I"tegrac!:" !c%í!ca
4.
La or$a%#6ac#7% "e%"or#al / +erce+#-a 4.1. /earr%##% $e #a %rga"!ac!:" e"%r!a# ; ercet!Aa 4.2. Etaa $e #a e"%-ercec!:" 4.3. Bae !%#:g!ca $e #a %rga"!ac!:" e"!t!Aa ; m%tr!
5.
La #%er-e%c#7% e&uca#-a
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía 8
TEMA * 1. DESARROLLO PSICOMOTOR DEL NIÑO 5ASTA LOS ) AÑOS (P!"a#er, 19$$: “ilogo cor*oral”)
1.1. EL /EOLLO PICOOTO PO ETP ♥ :1 a'o" E" eta 1 etaa #a et!m*#ac!:" c%"!te e" at!acer * "ece!$a$e <!ca> !e"$% !m%rta"te eA!tar err%re @*e *e$e" $!t%r!%"ar e# e@*ema %r$e"a$% $e $earr%##% r%*et% =C%#%car a# e, %ca aa% c*a"$% et< $e!ert%> '!eret!m*#ac!:"?. E" c%"$!c!%"e "%rma#e e# $earr%##% m%t%r $e# "!&% !g*e #a !g*!e"te ec*e"c!aD 1. C%"tr%# $e caea 2. C%%r$!"ac!:" %%-ma"% 3. e$e"tac!:" !" a%;% 4. ate% 5. %te"ere ; cam!"ar
1: a'o" E# "!&% c%"!g*e ma;%r c%"tr%# A%#*"tar!% %re #% m%A!m!e"t% ; ma;%r !"$ee"$e"c!a egme"tar!a ; c%%r$!"ac!:". ec*e"c!aD 1. *e ; aa eca#era c%" a;*$a ♥
2. "$a r<!$% e !"!c!a #a carrera 3. /a ata$a a *" a#:" 4. a#ta %re *" m!m% !t!% 9
5. a#ta $e$e *" eca#:" 6. C%rre r<!
%$:) a'o" L% m%A!m!e"t% $e #a eFtrem!$a$e ga"a" e" rec!!:" c%a @*e !"#*;e e" #%gr% ara e# $ee"A%#A!m!e"t% $e# "!&% e" e# m*"$% @*e #e r%$ea c%m% %"D a. La etr*ct*rac!:" $e# eac!%D ♥
E# "!&% reree"ta * c*er% e" e# eac!% r!mer% e" #% #a"% m< e#eme"ta#e =arr!a-aa%? ; #*eg% e" *"c!:" $e ar
La etr*ct*rac!:" $e# t!em%D E# "!&% eta#ece c%rte e" e# t!em% a art!r $e #a A!Ae"c!ac!:" $e #a r*t!"a $!ar!a.
c.
Eta#ec!m!e"t% $e# e@*ema c%r%ra# ; #a #atera#!$a$
- ec*e"c!aD 1. /ec*re * c*er% =$e egme"t% gra"$e a e@*e&%? 2. /ec*re * %!!#!$a$e ; %r!e"tac!:" c%r%ra# e" eac!%. 3. /ec*re #a re#ac!%"e eac!%-tem%ra#e e"tre c*er%-eac!%. 1.2.
(U/ETO PICOOTO
-
EUOBIOLICO
/EL
/EOLLO
T%$a act!A!$a$ m%tr! et< %te"!$a %r e# !tema #%c%m%t%r =$!r!g!$% a * Ae
%r e# !tema "erA!%%?. -
a; re#ac!:" $!recta e"tre ma$*rac!:" !c%m%tr! ; #a "erA!%a. =m!e#!"!ac!:"? 10
-
La m!e#!"!ac!:" em!ea e" e# $e*, e" e# e#
#% c%"te"!$% @*e e re#ac!%"a" $!rectame"te c%" #a e$.!c%m%tr! e agr*a" e" 2 #%@*e $e c%"te"!$% $e"tr% $e# 1D •
El cuer+o / la +ro+#a #0a$e%= gr*a c%"te"!$% reer!$% a# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e# c*er% ; a #a c%"tr*cc!:" $e #a r%!a !mage" ; $e# e@*ema c%r%ra#.
1N CICLOV La I"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa %!!#!tar< @*e e# "!&% $ec*ra * c*er% a art!r $e #a eF#%rac!:" $e $!t!"ta %t*ra ; m%A!m!e"t%. E# "!&% $ee c%"tr*!r *" c%"%c!m!e"t% g#%a# $e * c*er% @*e #e %!!#!te #a $!ere"c!ac!:" $e# m*"$% eFter"% ; $e #% %tr%. Para e##% e# a$*#t% $ee et!m*#ar#%D !"teract*a"$% c%" ,#> aA%rec!e"$% e# c%"tact% c%r%ra# c%" #% %tr%> ac!#!ta"$% #a %erAac!:" $e * !mage" e" e# ee%>etc.
2N CICLOV La !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa $ee $!r!g!re a @*e e# "!&% ea caa $e !$e"t!!car caracterít!ca ; c*a#!$a$e er%"a#e ca$a Ae m< c%m#ea. La acc!:" e$*cat!Aa $ee !r $!r!g!$a a @*e e# "!&% e !"teree ca$a Ae m< %r e# c*er% $e #% $em< ; * caracterít!ca.
• ue$o / 0o-#0#e%o= arece" c%"te"!$% re#ac!%"a$% c%" e# m%A!m!e"t% $e# c*er%>
#a %!!#!$a$e $e *eg% ; act!A!$a$ m%tr!> reer!$% a# $ec*r!m!e"t% $e * acc!:" c%r%ra# ; * *t!#!$a$ e" #a re%#*c!:" $e tarea.
/!/!
3.
1N CICLOV E# maetr% $ee %te"c!ar @*e e# "!&% $earr%##e #a caac!$a$ $e c%"tr%#ar * c*er%> $e $ec*r!r ; *t!#!ar * 'a!#!$a$e ercet!A%-m%tr!ce> c%g"!t!Aa> aect!Aa ; re#ac!%"a#e !m#!ca$a e" #a act!A!$a$e c%t!$!a"a e" t%r"% a #a r*t!"a ; a# *eg%.
2N CICLOV E# maetr% $ee r%c*rar @*e e# "!&% e !"teree %r e# eerc!c!% í!c%> %r a$@*!r!r 'a!#!$a$e m%tr!ce "*eAa e !m#!care e" #a rea#!ac!:" $e acc!%"e m%tr!ce ca$a Ae m< c%m#ea.
/IKII /E L PICOOTICI// =C%me##a? %e'*lificar E"que0a cor+oral a? C%"%c!m!e"t% g#%a# ; egme"tar!% $e# c*er% ? Latera#!$a$> etr*ct*ra eac!%Mtem%ra#
P"#co0or#c#&a& $rue"a= /%m!"!% c%r%ra# $!" r!tm%G? ; et re#aac!:"G?
P"#co0or#c#&a& ,#%aD C%%r$!"ac!:" A!%-ma"*a#> %",t!ca
ac!a#> get*a# ;
LA SENSACIÓN ? PERCEPCIÓN COMO FUENTE DE CONOCIMIENTO 11
3!1!
+QU E ETIE/E PO - Se%"ac#7%= Pr%ce% $e catac!:" $e #a c*a#!$a$e $e #a rea#!$a$ @*e et!m*#a" "*etr% recet%re e"%r!a#e. - Perce+c#7%= Pr%ce% me"ta# @*e %rga"!a #a e"ac!%"e ; #a !"tegra e" *"a *"!$a$ @*e 'ace @*e *" %et% ea !$e"t!!ca$% c%m% $!t!"t% a %tr%. *%"e e# 1er "!Ae# $e atracc!:".
3.2. CLI(ICCI /E L ECIOE eg)" LUI =reree"ta"te $e #a e*r%!c%#%gía %A!,t!ca act*a#? #a e"ac!%"e *e$e" c#a!!care ate"$!e"$% a#D
Pr#%c#+#o &e 0o&al#&a& =m%$% e" @*e e rec!e" #a e"ac!%"e? - I"ter%cet!AaD La @*e a%rta" !"%rmac!:" $e# me$!% !"ter"% $e# %rga"!m%.
L% recet%re e e"c*e"tra" e" #% :rga"% !"ter"% =ca"a"c!%?. - Pr%!%cet!AaD %rta" !"%rmac!:" %re #a !t*ac!:" $e# c*er% e" e# eac!% ; %rma" #a ae $e# m%A!m!e"t%. L% recet%re e e"c*e"tra" e" #% m)c*#% ; art!c*#ac!%"e =P%t*ra? - EFter%cet!AaD %rta" !"%rmac!:" $e# m*"$% eFter!%r. L% recet%re et<" !t*a$% e" #% :rga"% $e #% e"t!$%.
Pr#%c#+#o &e co0+le#&a& =!Ae# e" @*e e etr*ct*ra" #a e"ac!%"e? - Pr%t%
#% eta$% $e #acer % $!#acer ="ece!$a$? et<" #!ga$a a eta$% em%c!%"a#e. - E!crít!caD e"ac!%"e m< c%m#ea> "% %" *et!Aa ; re#ea" e# m*"$% eFter!%r. 3.3. ITECI PICO(IC =em!c!rc*!t% $e P!aget?D La acc!:" $!recta $e# E %re *" :rga"% e"%r!a# %r!g!"a #% e"te"$!$% %r S. La !"%rmac!:" e"%r!a# e r!mer% cata$a %r #% recet%re e"%r!a#e ; a traA, $e #% rga"% tra"m!%re e tra"m!te #a !"%rmac!:" a# cerer%. E e"t%"ce c*a"$% e $ec!$e $ar % "% *"a R a"te $!c'a et!m*#ac!:".
12
LA ORGANIACIÓN SENSORIAL ? PERCEPTIVA 4.1. /EOLLO /E L OIWCI EOIL S PECEPTIK "te $e a"a#!ar #a m%$a#!$a$e e"%r!a#e m< !m%rta"te ara "*etra a$atac!:" a# m*"$% =A!ta> %!$% ; tact%?> $eatacam% 2 aect%D - E# $earr%##% e"%r!a# $e# rec!," "ac!$% e ata"te *er!%r a# m%t%r =e" m*c'% 2.
ca% V a# a$*#t%? -
!"g*"a $e #a m%$a#!$a$e e"%r!a#e act)a a!#a$ame"te> *"a %rta#ece" ;
ac!#!ta" e# a"<#!! e"%r!a# a #a %tra
Or$a%#6ac#7% -#"ual= E# !tema ercet!A%-A!*a# $e# "e%"at% e $earr%##a c%" eFtra%r$!"ar!a ra!$e. * caac!$a$ A!*a# e *!c!e"te ara *"a a$atac!:" r<!$a a #a c%"$!c!%"e et!m*#are $e# am!e"te. /at% !m%rata"teD − L% rec!," "ac!$% t!e"e" $!!c*#ta$e ara #a !ac!:" A!*a# $e *" %et%. −
#a %ca ema"a $e A!$a> e# "!&% $!cr!m!"a e"tre $!t!"t% %et% ; m*etra ercec!:" $e #a r%*"$!$a$.
−
La ercec!:" $e #a %rma "% et< ree"te 'ata e# 2N me
−
C%" #a a$@*!!c!:" $e #a marc'a> e# "!&% me%ra !g"!!cat!Aame"te e" #a ercec!:" $e# eac!% @*e #e r%$ea.
Or$a%#6ac#7% au&##-a= *"@*e e# et% t!e"e caac!$a$ a*$!t!Aa> #a re*eta me%ra" a art!r $e# "ac!m!e"t% $ee"$!e"$% $e #a ma$*rac!:" "erA!%a. /*ra"te e# 1er a&% e %erAa *"a reere"c!a %r $eterm!"a$% etím*#% a*$!t!A% =%ret%$% #% emea"te a la -o6 (u0a%a ?. E# rec!," "ac!$% $!cr!m!"a $!t!"ta A%ce a #% %c% $ía $e "acer ; *e$e #%ca#!ar#a.
Or$a%#6ac#7% c#l= La e"!!#!$a$ t c%m!e"a %r #a e"!!#!$a$ t
art!r $e #% 4 mee e 'a#a $e e"!!#!$a$ t e !"!c!a #a reere"c!a $e *% $e *"a $e #a ma"%. 4.2. ETP /E L EO-PECEPCI
Etaa $e #a e"ac!:" ='ata #% 3 a&%?D E# "!&% $ee a#ca"ar e# m %rma> etc. r%c*ra"$% eta#ecer a%c!ac!%"e ; c%"c%r$a"c!a e"tre ,ta> $er!Aa$a $e * act!A!$a$ c%" #% %et%.
Etaa $e #a ercec!:" =4-5 a&%?D E# %et!A% ge"era# $e eta etaa e c%"eg*!r @*e e# "!&% ea caa $e atraer eta e"ac!%"e> "%mrar#a e !"tegrar#a e" atr%"e ercet!A% etr*ct*ra$%> $e %rma @*e !$e"t!!@*e a ca$a %et% ; $!cr!m!"e #% ee"c!a# $e #% acce%r!% ; #% c%"ta"te $e #% Aar!a#e.
Etaa $e reree"tac!:" =5-6 a&%?D L% "!&% $ee" #%grar #a !mage" me"ta# $e #a $!Aera c*a#!$a$e ; aer %erar c%" e##a. /ee" er caace $e *t!#!ar e# #e"g*ae ara $ecr!!r reA!ame"te #a act!A!$a$e @*e Aa" a rea#!ar> ara %$er crear e##% m!m% * r%!a act!A!$a$e> etc.
4.3. BE BIOLIC /E L OIWCI EITIK S OTIWD La $ec%$!!ca"> !"terreta" ; c%"erAa" #a !"%rmac!%"e aere"te r%ce$e"te $e #% recet%re e"%r!a#e $!em!"a$% e" e# c*er% ; e" * *er!c!e. e trata $e aere"te A!*a#e> a*$!t!Aa> g*tat!Aa> %#at!Aa % %met,!ca> @*e ##ega" a #a area e"!t!Aa c%rre%"$!e"te ; e A*e#Ae" ercec!%"e.
3.
LA INTERVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA =P.(?
TEMA 1.
De"arrollo &e la +er"o%al#&a& (2onle # otros, 199/: “%ucaci4n Infantil e 56 a&os”)
1.1. 1.2. 2.
Caracterít!ca ge"era#e $e #a er%"a#!$a$ /!me"!%"e $e #a er%"a#!$a$
El &e"arrollo a,ec#-o e% lo" %#'o" &e :) a'o" (7o#a # otros: “8ieles ar'4nicos el esarrollo”)
2.1. 2.2.
ect% ge"era#e $e# $earr%##% aect!A% C%"#!ct% em%c!%"a#e 14
3.
A+orac#o%e" &e &#"#%o" auore" 3.1. /e#!m!tac!:" 3.2. acr%te%ría
4.
La co%qu#"a &e la auo%o0!a 4.1. /e#!m!tac!%"e 4.2. (act%re @*e !"c!$e" 4.3. /earr%##% $e '<!t% $e a*t%"%mía
5.
La #%er-e%c#7% e&uca#-a
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1
DESARROLLO DE LA PERSONALIDAD (2onle # otros, 9/: “%ucaci4n infantil e 56 a&os”)
1.1. CCTETIC EELE /E L PEOLI// : D#,ere%c#ac#7% +ro$re"#-a &el e%or%o e" e# r%ce% eg*!$% $e$e e# "ac!m!e"t% 'ata e# *rg!m!e"t% $e * !$e"t!$a$. 15
:
Nece"#&a& &e lo" oro" ara %rmare * r%!a !mage". E# eta#ec!m!e"t% $e# aeg% ; #a ca#!$a$ $e# m!m%> !rAe" ara %rar ea !$e"t!$a$.
:
Nece"#&a& &e auoa,#r0ac#7%= #re$e$%r $e #% 3 a&% e# "!&% *a #a 1 er%"a !"!te"teme"te> $a"$% #*gar a #a aar!c!:" $e *" ;% !"c!!e"te =m%me"t% $%"$e e 'ace ate"te #a c%"c!e"c!a $e í m!m%?.
1.2. /IEIOE /E L PEOLI//D La er%"a#!$a$ %era e" *"a tr!#e $!me"!:"D
D.Co$%##-a La er%"a#!$a$ arte $e #a $!ere"c!ac!:" e"tre ;% ; "%-;%> @*e erm!te #a c%"tr*cc!:" $e# auoco%ce+o.
C%"A!e"e $!ere"c!ar e# a*t%c%"cet% $e #a a*t%et!ma. E# a*t%c%"cet% e $ee a
#a am#!ac!:" $e# m*"$% %c!a# @*e 'ace e# "!&%. C%" #a aar!c!:" $e# ;%> e# "!&% e !e"te $!t!"t% $e #% @*e #e r%$ea> e !e"te a#g% Aa#!%% e trata $e #a c%"c!e"c!a $e #a !"g*#ar!$a$ ; $e #a r%!a $!g"!$a$.
ect% m< !m%rta"te e" #a
c%"tr*cc!:" $e# a*t%c%"cet%D
1.
I"#*e"c!a $e #% %tr% D E# "!&% c%"tr*;e * r%!a !mage" a art!r $e #a @*e #% $em< #e %rece" $e í m!m% ; e eFtrema$ame"te e"!#e a #a ca"t!$a$ ; ca#!$a$ $e a%;% aect!A%.
2.
E# a*t%c%"cet% ; #a m%t!Aac!:" $e #%gr%D La m%t!Aac!:" $e #%gr% e #a *era !m*#%ra $e# c%m%rtam!e"t%. E# "!&% m*etra gra" at!acc!:" c*a"$% e re*era" * ,F!t%> $!ere"c!a"$% e# ,F!t% $e# raca% erectame"te. e #e $ee 'acer Aa#%rar #a re#eAa"c!a $e# e*er% ara c%"eg*!r #% #%gr% ;a @*e a)" "% $!ere"c!a e"tre 'a!#!$a$ ; e*er%.
D.A,ec#-o:e"#0a#-a= ace reere"c!a a #a auoe"#0a =A!"c*#a$a c%" #a ercec!:" @*e t!e"e e# "!&% $e * r%!a Aa#ía?. 16
D.O+era#-aD e re!ere a# auoco%rol. % eF!te A%#*"ta$ !" *" %rta#ec!m!e"t% $e# ;%. E" #a acc!:" A%#!t!Aa $ee 'aer *"a !ac!:" $e %et!A% a a#ca"ar %r arte $e# r%!% "!&% % #a acetac!:" $e %et!A% !a$% %r #% a$*#t%> a$em<> $ee eF!t!r *era $e A%#*"ta$.
EL DESARROLLO AFECTIVO EN LOS NIÑOS DE :) AÑOS (7o#a # otros:
2
“8ieles ar'4nicos el esarrollo”)
2.1.
PECTO EELE /EL /EOLLO (ECTIKO Pr%gre!A% c%"tr%# em%c!%"a#D La A!$a em%c!%"a# $e# e, e !"$!ere"c!a$a ; ge"era#!a$a> re%"$e c%" *" m!m% t!% $e re*eta em%c!%"a# a !t*ac!%"e A!ta#e m*; $!Aera. Per% $e ma"era r%gre!Aa e !r< marca"$% *"a $!ere"c!ac!:"> eA%#*c!%"a"$% 'ata #%grar *" r%gre!A% c%"tr%# em%c!%"a#. La am!#!a ; ec*e#a %" *"$ame"ta#e ara c%"eg*!r#%> e" am% c%"teFt% e$*cat!A% $ee" te"ere e" c*e"taD Pre&o0#%a%c#a e0oc#o%alD . E"tre t%$a #a %!#e re*eta em%c!%"a#e @*e *e$e" $are> *"a re$%m!"a" %re %tra.
El co%rol e0oc#o%al a$@*!r!$% e" $!t!"t% e"t!$%D T%#era"c!a a #a
B. a? r*trac!:" ?
La
re*eta
em%c!%"a# $ee etar a*ta$a a #a !t*ac!:" @*e #a r%A%ca. c?
a"!etac!:" em%c!%"a#D E# "!&% "% ma"!!eta $e %rma a!erta * em%c!%"e er%
r%gre!Aame"te eta#ecer< c%"tr%#e %re ,ta> c%a @*e "% $ee "*"ca #!m!tar * caac!$a$ $e em%c!%"are. $?
La
!"$!ere"c!a
em%c!%"a#D E $!ere"te a# c%"tr%# em%c!%"a# %r@*e eta e *"a ma"!etac!:" at%#:g!ca $e #a A!$a aect!Aa.
C%"tr*cc!:" $e #% e"t!m!e"t%D L% e"t!m!e"t% %" A!Ae"c!a aect!Aa m< eta#e> c%m#ea ; $*ra$era @*e #a em%c!%"e. arece" m< tar$e ; *e$e" er $e $!t!"t% t!%> eg)" %r$e" $e aar!c!:"D √ Se%#0#e%o" l#$a&o" al /o= ;*$a" a# a!a"am!e"t% $e #a er%"a#!$a$ $e# "!&%. =Ka"!$a$> %rg*##%> etc.? √ L#$a&o" a o8eo" o +er"o%a"= e e"aa @*e e# "!&%> $e!$% a# eg%ce"tr!m%> "% %$ía m%trar e"t!m!e"t% a#tr*!ta e" EI> er% e 'a c%mr%a$% @*e *e$e" $are $e$e m*; temra"% =am!ta$G?
17
√ Se%#0#e%o" "u+ra#%&#-#&uale"= e#at!A% a Aa#%re % !$ea. arece" e" #a
a$%#ece"c!a. 2.2. CO(LICTO EOCIOLED e ma"!!eta" a traA, $e trat%r"% e" #a c%"$*cta ; * %r!ge" e "%rma#me"te $e t!% aect!A%. • Cau"a"= *e"c!a $e !g*ra $e aeg%> care"c!a % eFce!A!$a$ aect!Aa> eFce!Aa eF!ge"c!a $e #% a$*#t% % rere!:"> cam!% $e *"a !t*ac!:" eta#e aect!Aame"te a %tra !"eta#e % $ec%"%c!$a> ac*a$a re$!#ecc!:" $e #% a$re 'ac!a a#g*"% $e #% '!%G •
S!%&ro0e" : Ce#%D Pr%A%ca" *" $ece"% $e #a r%!a et!mac!:" ; *e$e" c%"Aert!re e" *"a em%c!:" eFagera$a %r $ee% $e m%"%%#!%.
: !e$%D E "%rma# c*a"$% rete"$e #a c%"erAac!:" $e# !"$!A!$*% reA!"!e"$% $e ame"aa eFter!%re. Per% 'a; %tr% m!e$% @*e c%"!te e" Aer *" e#!gr% $%"$e "% #% 'a;> !"$*c!$% %r e# am!e"te.
: a!etaD e*eta a r*trac!%"e c%" eta##!$% $e ma# '*m%r. /!ere"c!am% #a ra!eta c%" tra%"$% $e r*trac!:" aect!Aa $e #a r%$*c!$a %r *" e@*e&% r%#ema aaer%.
: "!e$a$D E *" tem%r $!*% @*e eFer!me"ta e# *et% ; @*e "% $ee"$e $e *" etím*#% eFter"% c%"cret%.
: E"e*re! ; e"c%re!D Em!!:" !"A%#*"tar!a $e #a %r!"a ; 'ece reect!Aame"te e" "!&% ma;%re $e 3 a&% !" r%#ema %rg<"!c% aare"te.
: T!cD C%"t!t*!$% %r m%A!m!e"t% !"A%#*"tar!% $e *" gr*% #!m!ta$% $e m)c*#%> reet!$% c%" rec*e"c!a ; !" !"a#!$a$ c%"creta.
: Tartam*$eD Trat%r"% e" e# r!tm% $e# #e"g*ae. La em!!:" $e #a a#ara e $e%r$e"a r%$*c!e"$% Aac!#ac!%"e> reet!c!%"e % r%#%"gac!:" $e %"!$%.
APORTACIONES DE DISTINTOS AUTORES 3.1. /ELIITCID *t%re c%m% BEJ/EW c%"!$era" #a "ece!$a$ $e $!t!"g*!r e"treD 3
18
BERMUDE $!t!"g*e e"tre
Mo&elo" &e +er"o%al#&a&
Mo&elo" e7r#co" $!t!"g*!m% e"tre
M#%#eor!a" =e"%@*e arc!a#e #!m!ta$% a *" ect%r $e #a er%"a#!$a$?
Macroeor!a" =e"%@*e g#%a#e $e #a er%"a#!$a$?
Ec*e#a I%er%al#"a" S#uac#o%al#"a" I%eracc#o%#"a"
3.2.
COTEO m< !m%rta"te E"cuela" #%er%al#"a"= * %et!A% e #a )@*e$a $e *"a re$!%!c!%"e e" #a er%"a#!$a$ @*e erm!ta" e# Aat!c!"!% $e re*eta $e car
1. La eF#!cac!%"e $!" %ger ; * te! e"%me"%#:g!ca ; Xe##; ; * eF#!cac!:" %re #a constructos *ersonales? 2. La eF#!cac!%"e etr*ct*ra#e ace"t)a"> %r e# c%"trar!%> * e*er% %r e# cam!"% $e #% rag% $e #a er%"a#!$a$ =##%rt> Cate## ; %tr%?
E"cuela" "#uac#o%al#"a" D %$e#% $e c%rte m< c%"$*ct*a#!ta> !"tere<"$%e %r #a c%"$*cta e" í m!ma ; %r e# are"$!ae $e ,ta. La a$@*!!c!:" ; m%$!!cac!:" $e #a c%"$*cta e e# ee r!m%r$!a# $e# et*$!% $e #a er%"a#!$a$> !"tere<"$%e %r e# r%ce% a$atat!A% $e #a c%"$*cta e" e# me$!% e" e# @*e e ma"!!eta = Rat%"> Y!""er ; %tr%?
E"cuela #%eracc#o%#"a D E #a te%ría m< aceta$a. e e"t!e"$e @*e #a er%"a#!$a$ a$*#ta e e# re*#ta$% $e #a !"teracc!:" $e #a caracterít!ca c%"t!t*c!%"a#e $e# "!&% e" #a !"teracc!:" c%" * e"t%r"%> er% e# "!&% "% e ma"!!eta c%m% *" er a!A%> !"% @*e c%" * c%m%rtam!e"t% $eterm!"a #a %rma e" @*e #% a$*#t% e re#ac!%"ar<" c%" ,# = Ra##%"? 19
LA CON %c% a %c% Aa c%"!g*e * r!mera a*t%"%mía. Eta c%"ec*c!:" $e #a a*t%"%mía e re#ac!%"a c%"D 4
1.
/%m!"!% r%gre!A% $e# r%!% c*er%> e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e * %!!#!$a$e ; #ím!te.
2.
P%!!#!$a$ $e t%mar !"!c!at!Aa> #a"!!car ; ec*e"c!ar #a r%!a acc!:" ara %$er e"re"tare a r%#ema e"c!##% @*e e #e #a"tee" e" #a A!$a c%t!$!a"a.
3. 4.
4.2.
$@*!!c!:" $e '<!t% $e a#*$> '!g!e"e ; "*tr!c!:" P%!!#!$a$ $e $!Aer!!car #% c%"teFt% $e !"teracc!:" e"re"t<"$%e a #% c%"#!ct% @*e $!c'a re#ac!:" r%A%ca ; @*e e" gra" arte e re#ac!%"a" c%" #a $ee"a $e * r%!a a*t%"%mía.
(CTOE QUE ICI/ED E m*; !m%rta"te #a"!!car #a a$@*!!c!:" $e '<!t%> et!m*#ar a# "!&% a @*e a*ma e@*e&a re%"a!#!$a$e> r%%rc!%"ar#e "%rma ; a*ta $e act*ac!:" eta#e> etc.
Fa0#l#are"D L% a$re $ee" et!m*#ar a# "!&% a @*e ea r%gre!Aame"te m< a*t%"%m%> !emre te"!e"$% e" c*e"ta * %!!#!$a$e ma$*rat!Aa e" *" c#!ma $e eg*r!$a$ aect!Aa.
E"colare" D La ec*e#a !"a"t!# e *" c%"teFt% eFce#e"te ara e# #%gr% $e *"a r%gre!Aa a*t%"%mía. # r!"c!!%> e# "!&% $ee"$e m*c'% $e# r%e%r> @*!e" $ee et!m*#ar * !"$ee"$e"c!a.
4.3. /EOLLO /E ZBITO /E UTOO E" EI #a c%"@*!ta $e #a a*t%"%m!a et< m*; re#ac!%"a$a c%" #a a$@*!!c!:" $e #a Ae"taa @*e r%%rc!%"a" ,t% %"D L!era" rec*r% c%g"!t!A% ara @*e e# "!&% em#ee * e"ergía e" %tr% /a" marc% $e reere"c!a ; a*ta $e c%m%rtam!e"t% a"te !t*ac!%"e $!Aera Pr%%rc!%"a" a #a etr*ct*ra me"ta# $e# "!&% *"a trama @*e %!!#!ta @*e ee. a"t!e"e" e# e@*!#!r!% í@*!c% $e #% "!&% e !"creme"ta" * %!!#!$a$e $e
58#o" &e ru#%a &#ar#a D L% re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a a#!me"tac!:" ; Aet!$%> #a '!g!e"e> ; %c!a!#!$a$. 58#o" &e co%-#-e%c#a a? /ec*r!r * r%!a 'a!#!$a$e 20
? er re%"a#e a"te #a tarea @*e a*me c? reetar #a "%rma $e c%"A!Ae"c!a $? a*t%c%"tr%#are> etc
TEMA 2 1. El %#'o &e"cu8re a lo" oro" (P! "a#er, 19$1: ilogo cor*oral) 1.1. /e#!m!tac!:" 1.2. Bae "e*r%#:g!ca 21
1.3.
La te%ría $e# are"$!ae %c!a#
2. El +roce"o &e &e"cu8r#0#e%o &e -#%culac#7% / ace+ac#7% (Palacios # !;4*e, 199<: “or'aci4n e los ínculos sociales”)
2.1. 2.2. 2.3.
La rea$atac!:" %c!a# Pr%ce% $e %c!a#!ac!:" /!agrama $e c%"te#ac!%"e
3. La e"cuela co0o #%"#uc#7% "oc#al#6a&ora 3.1. Caracterít!ca $e #a acc!:" %c!a#!a$%ra ec%#ar 3.2. Oet!A% $e %c!a#!ac!:" 3.3. C%"te"!$% $e %c!a#!ac!:" 3.4. Etrateg!a $e %c!a#!ac!:" 4. El +a+el &el ce%ro &e EI e% la +re-e%c#7% e #%er-e%c#7% &e %#'o" e% "#uac#7% &e
r#e"$o 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5. 4.6.
Pr%#em
5. Pr#%c#+ale" co%,l#co" &e la -#&a e% $ru+o 5.1. Ca*a 5.2. C%"#!ct% a $etacar
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 2 EL NIÑO DESCUBRE A LOS OTROS (P!"a#er, $1: “ilogo cor*oral”) 1!1! /ELIITCID C%m% !e" $ecía P#at:" %m% ere %c!a#e. La 1 re#ac!:" %c!a# #a eta#ece e# "!&% c%" * ma$re=c%"$*cta $e PEO?> a*"@*e eta 1 c%"$*cta 1.
22
%c!a#e et<" #!m!ta$a %r e# eg%ce"tr!m%. C*a"$% 'a#am% $e #% %tr% "% reer!m% %ret%$% a #a ma$re> e# a$re =ec*"$ar!% 'ata #% 3 a&%> c*a"$% c%m!e"a #a ae e$í!ca?> #% 'erma"%> #% !g*a#e ; %tr% a$*#t% c%m% *e$e" er e# maetr% * %tr% am!#!are. 1!/!
BE EUOLICD S#"e0a L!08#coD E e# @*e c%"erAam% $e #a eec!e '*ma"a =%"a !"t!"t!Aa?. (%rma arte $e# cerer% !"terme$!% ; e *" #*gar $e c%m*"!cac!:" e"tre e# cerer% í!c% ; e# cerer% e"a"te. E e# !"tegra$%r $e #a em%c!%"e.
TEO /EL PE/IWE OCILD E# "!&% $e$e @*e "ace t!e"e *"a er!e $e "ece!$a$e !!%#:g!ca <!ca @*e #a ma$re * %tr% a$*#t% e e"carga $e at!acer. #% etím*#% @*e at!ace" ea "ece!$a$e r!mar!a e #e ##ama re%ra$%re %!t!A% r!mar!% ; #% etím*#% a%c!a$% a ,t% e c%"A!erte" e" re%ra$%re ec*"$ar!%. C%m% c%"ec*e"c!a> #a ree"c!a $e #a ma$re =* %tr% ere '*ma"% e @*e areca" a e##a? e 'ace e" í m!ma grat!!ca"t. Et% meca"!m% $e are"$!ae a%c!at!A% *t!!ca" #a c%"$*cta %c!a# $e# "!&%.
1!3!
EL PROCESO DE DESCUBRIMIENTO DE VINCULACIÓN ? ACEPTACIÓN = Palacios # !;4*e, 9<: “or'aci4n e los ínculos sociales”) /!1! L PE/PTCI OCIL *"@*e e# "e%"at% e *" er !"$ee"%> * !tema ercet!A% et< reara$% ara *"c!%"ar $etaca"$% $e# e"t%r"% #% etím*#% @*e t!e"e" c%"ec*e"c!a ara ,# ; @*e r%A!e"e" $e * e"t%r"% %c!a# ; er%"a m< !g"!!cat!Aa ara ,# =aeg%?. *.
/!/!
La rea$atac!:" $e# !t.ercet!A% a #a !"teracc!:" %c!a# c%"!te e" #a Prea&a+ac#7% &el "#"e0a +erce+#-o -#"ualHau&##-o =E# "!&% m*etra reere"c!a %r etím*#% A!*a#-a*$!t!A% r%!% $e #a er%"a '*ma"a c%m% #a A% % c*a#!$a$e $e r%tr%? ; $e oro" "#".+erce+#-o" =ec%"%ce e# %#%r $e #a ma$re> e 'a!t)a a er ac*"a$% %r e##aG?
POCEO /E OCILIWCID La %c!a#!ac!:" e ##eAa a ca% a traA, $e #% !g*!e"te r%ce%D PROCESOS MENTALES DE SOCIALIACIÓN D traA, $e #% c*a#e #% "!&% a$@*!ere" c%"%c!m!e"t% %c!a#e. L% t!% $e c%"%c!m!e"t% %c!a# m< re#eAa"te e" EI %" #% reer!$% a# rec%"%c!m!e"t% $eD : Per"o%a"= %re #% 4 mee> e# "!&% e c%m%rta $e $!ere"te eg)" #a er%"a c%" @*!e" !"teract)a. ac!a e# 8N me e r%$*ce *" cam!% c*a#!tat!A% e" e# c%"%c!m!e"t% %c!a# $e c%"%c!$% ; eFtra&%.
: S! 0#"0o= /*ra"te e# 1er a&% $e A!$a> #% "!&% rec%"%ce" c%a @*e #e erte"ece" ; e#eme"t% arc!a#e $e * c*er%> er% reacc!%"a" a * !mage" c%m% ! *era #a $e %tr%. Per% e" e# )#t!m% tr!metre> #% "!&% ;a e rec%"%ce" a í m!m% $!ere"c!<"$%e $e #% $em<. ac!a me$!a$% $e# 2N a&%> #% "!&% rec%"%ce" c#arame"te * !mage" ; c%m!e"a" a *t!#!ar #% r%"%mre er%"a#e.
PROCESOS AFECTIVOS DE SOCIALIACIÓN= L% $% Aí"c*#% aect!A% <!c% @*e eta#ece" #% "!&% e" EI %"D 23
:
El a+e$o. (*"c!%"e 1er c!c#%D te"$er a #a *erA!Ae"c!a ; a#*$ $e# "!&% ; aA%recer e# $earr%##% c%g"!t!A% ; $e %c!a#!ac!:". 2N c!c#%D C%"#!ct% $e r!Aa#!$a$ aect!Aa> c%" #% !g*a#e ; c%" #a a*t%r!$a$ ="!&%-a$*#t%? : La a0#"a&. e#ac!:" c%" #% !g*a#e ; "ac!m!e"t% $e #a a*t%"%mía = ea+a" &e ue$o? a? ct!A!$a$ %#!tar!a =0-2?. E# e, reta m*; %ca ate"c!:" a * c%ma&er% ; *e#e tratar#% c%m% %et%. ? *eg% ara#e#% =2-4?. L% "!&% e *ca" ; @*!ere" etar *"t%> er% ca$a *"% $earr%##a * act!A!$a$ art!c*#ar ; #a te"tat!Aa $e c%m*"!cac!:" %" ecaa. c? *eg% a%c!at!A% =4-6?. E# gr*% e eFt!e"$e a Aar!% art!c!a"te $%"$e e $a" rec*e"te !"teracc!%"e> a%c!ac!%"e et<" ame"aa$a %r #a !"caac!$a$ $e eta#ecer *"a !"a#!$a$ c%m)". $? *eg% c%#a%rat!A% =6...?. e caracter!a %r #a %rga"!ac!:" $e #a actA.c%#ect!Aa ; e c%rre%"$e c%" #% *eg% reg#a$%. ⇒ PAUTAS CONDUCTUALES DE SOCIALIACIÓN= E# $earr%##% %c!a# !m#!ca
tam!," e# are"$!ae $e #a 'a!#!$a$e %c!a#e =!tema $e c%"$*cta $et!"a$a a ma"te"er !"teracc!%"e %c!a#e> $ee"$er #% r%!% !"teree> etc.? T%$a c%"$*cta %c!a# et< reg*#a$a %c!a#me"te =e e# gr*% %c!a# @*!e" $eterm!"a @*, c%"$*cta c%"!$era ar%!a$a ; c*a#e "%?. E# "!&% "% c%"%ce #a "%rma %c!a# % "% #a c%mre"$e> %r e##% e $a" c%" rec*e"c!a #a ra!eta c%m% eFre!:" $e c%"#!ct% e"tre #% $ee% $e# "!&% ; #a eF!ge"c!a !m*eta %r a$*#t%. /!3!
.
/I /E COTELCIOE
LA ESCUELA COMO INSTITUCIÓN SOCIALIADORA (;ogse # +!! 133-91 # e la =orre)
24
3!1!
CCTETIC /E L CCI OCILIW/O ECOLD Ig*a#$a$ e"tre t%$% (Princi*io e iguala), *t!c!a $!tr!*t!Aa =/ar a ca$a *"% #% @*e #e c%rre%"$e? ; e*tra#!$a$ aect!Aa.
3!/!
OBETIKO /E OCILIWCI • 1er c#clo D (ac!#!tar #a art!c!ac!:" $e# "!&%> Eta#ecer *"a c%#a%rac!:" c%"t!"*a am!#!a-ec*e#a> $ec*ar #a !"teracc!:" a$*#t%-"!&% a #a r%#em I"!c!ar a# "!&% e" #a
c%%erac!:" ; traa% gr*a#> (aA%recer #a a$atac!:" a #a ec*e#a ; a# me$!% %c!a#G 3!3!
COTEI/O /E OCILIWCI ct!t*$e ; '<!t% ara #a c%"A!Ae"c!a ; c%%erac!:" er%"a# ; gr*a#D E# reet% a #% c%ma&er% ; a * traa%> e# ma"te"!m!e"t% $e# %r$e"> #!m!ea ; c*!$a$% $e #a c#aeG cetac!:"
$e
re%"a!#!$a$e e" e# gr*%D E# r%e%r $ee ac!#!tar re*eta e%"t<"ea a #a tarea> aA%recer #a act!t*$e a!erta ; t%#era"te 'ac!a e# gr*% eA!ta"$% act!t*$e a"t!%c!a#eG 3!
ETTEI /E OCILIWCI
:
E"rae$#a" e% el &#"e'o #%"ruc#-oD E# r%e%r $ee c%"%cer #a caracterít!ca am!#!are @*e *e$a" c%"$!c!%"ar e# $earr%##% $e# "!&%> aí c%m% $!ag"%t!car #a r%#em
:
E"rae$#a" e% el +roce"o &#&c#co =Ta##ere>r!"c%"e>gr*%?D Orga"!ar e# a*#a $e %rma @*e e erm!ta e# *eg% ; e# traa% e" gr*%> *t!#!ar mater!a# et!m*#a"te ara @*e a traA, $e# *eg% e ac!#!te" #a a*t%eFre!:" ; #a %c!a#!ac!:" ; ae%rar a #% a$re ara @*e c%m#ete" #a #a%r rea#!a$a e" #a ec*e#a.
EL PAPEL DEL CENTRO DE ED.INFANTIL EN LA PREVENCIÓN E INTERVENCIÓN DE NIÑOS EN SITUACIONES DE RIESGO aarec!e"$% ,acore" c%m% #a %rer%tecc!:"> e# aa"$%"%> #a $!ere"te Aa#%rac!:" $e #% '!%... :#% c*a"$% e# "!&% 2.
25
e !"c%r%ra a #a ec*e#a e Aer!!ca #a %"$a$ % "% $e #a !"terAe"c!:" am!#!ar> r%ce$!e"$% e"t%"ce a * re*er% % m%$!!cac!:". UPO /E IEO OCIL (Oren <5>51 art!/) N#'o" co% +ro8le0a" a,ec#-o" D *re" eFer!e"c!a @*e #!m!ta" * %!!#!$a$e $e $earr%##% %c!%-em%c!%"a# ; aect!A% (Peagogía el cari&o Princi*io 6 ?8)!
N &e 0#%or!a" 9%#ca" /Ho rel#$#o"a"D *e#e" te"er $!!c*#ta$e $e !"tegrac!:" %c!a#. N que -#e%e% &e 6o%a" "oc#al0e%e &e+r#0#&a" D ! "% e !"terA!e"e temra"ame"te> #% am!e"te marg!"a#e r%$*ce" marg!"a$%.
:
/ETECCI /E ITUCIOE /E IEO La ec*e#a $ee ac%ger a t%$% t!% $e "!&% c%" cr!ter!% $e !"tegrac!:" ; $e c%me"ac!:".
:
(rec*e"teme"te
#%
"!&%
c%"
$!!c*#ta$e "% 'a#a" $e * !t*ac!:" %r@*e et<" %reaa$% %r e##a> cree" @*e e "%rma# % @*e #a merece". P%r e##%> e# maetr% $ee %erAar #a e&a#e reet!t!Aa $e @*e a#g% Aa ma#> c%m% %r eem#%D *"ca e ae @*!," Aa a rec%ger#e> e %#A!$a" $e !r a *car#e> "% @*!ere A%#Aer a caa> a!te !rreg*#arme"te a #a ec*e#a % $ea $e a!t!r !" reA!% aA!%> t!e"e reet!$a e&a#e $e a*% í!c%> ac*$e *c!% a #a ec*e#a... ! c%"c*rre" Aar!% $e et% !"$!ca$%re e $ee act*ar $e$e #a ec*e#a c%" ca*te#a ; e"ate.
PEKECI E ITEKECI E L ECUELD Cr!ter!% ge"era#eD E# !tema ec%#ar *e$e ag*$!ar #a marg!"ac!:" ; e# r!eg% %c!a#. P%r e##%> #a c%m*"!$a$ ec%#ar *e$e a$%tar 2 t!% $e etrateg!a a"te eta rea#!$a$eD
- Pre-e%c#7% D E# r%e%r $ee te"er e" c*e"ta #a caracterít!ca $e * a#*m"% =í!ca> !c%%c!a#eG? ara %$er $etectar #a eF!te"c!a $e $!!c*#ta$e. : I%er-e%c#7% D ea#!ar c%" ca*te#a me$!a"te *"a !"Aet!gac!:" a$ec*a$a ; e# a%;% $e %tr% r%e!%"a#e> $etecta"$% #% r%#ema ; $a"$% #a"team!e"t% "% tra*m
IKELE /E CTUCI 1? te"$er #% r%#ema a##í $%"$e e %r!g!"a"> act*a"$% $!rectame"te e" e# me$!% "at*ra#> eA!ta"$% earac!%"e tra*m
earar a# "!&% $e * am!#!a c%m% )"!c% me$!% $e r%teger#e $e# $a&% *r!$% m!e"tra e re*e#Ae #a !t*ac!:" @*e #% r%A%ca. #!cac!:" !emre tem%ra#.
3?
Pr%c*rar *t!t*!r a #a am!#!a $e# "!&% %r *" me$!% am!#!ar a#ter"at!A% @*e gara"t!ce * $earr%##% e" c%"$!c!%"e "%rma#e. 26
PO /E E/UCCI COPETOI(Art! 6356<56@ ;ogse) D Ta#e c%m%D P. $e et!m*#ac!:" temra"a> P. $e act*ac!:" c%"tra e# ae"t!m% ; P. ara #a et!m*#ac!:" $e #a art!c!ac!:" am!#!ar
PRINCIPALES CONFLICTOS DE LA VIDA EN GRUPO (Sal'oral) @!1! CUD La r!"c!a# ca*a $e c%"#!ct% e" #a !"teracc!%"e $e #% "!&% $e EI e e# eg%ce"tr!m% @*e> *"t% c%" #a %c!#ac!:" e" #% eta$% $e a"!m%>; #a a#ta $e a*t%c%"tr%# %" c%"$!c!%"e %c% aA%ra#e ara #a c%"A!Ae"c!a gr*a#. 3.
@!/! •
CO(LICTO /ETC Ne$a#-#"0oD e re%"$e a #a A%#*"ta$ $e %tr% c%" #a %%!c!:" ; #a re!te"c!a. # "egat!A!m% *e#e *"!re #a ter@*e$a$ e" eta etaaD e# "!&% ma"t!e"e * %%!c!:" $e %rma ríg!$a ; A!%#e"ta =Etaa $e# O?. "te et%> e# maetr% $ee eA!tar $!r!g!re $!rectame"te a ,# a# r%%"er act!A!$a$e % 'acer et!c!%"e $e car
• A$re"#-#&a& D *rge e" #a !"teracc!:" e"tre !g*a#e c%m% c%"ec*e"c!a $e# c'%@*e
e"tre 2 "ece!$a$e <!ca $e# "!&%> @*e "% e caa $e at!acer $e ma"era e@*!#!ra$a e" eta etaaD 1. La "ece!$a$ $e a!rmac!:" $e# ;% 2. La "ece!$a$ $e re#ac!%"are c%" #% %tr% *"@*e e $ee e"te"$er eta ma"!etac!:" c%m% *" !"$!c!% $e# r%ce% $e %c!a#!a$%r> $!t!"g*!m% e"tre e#ea "%rma#e ; agre!A!$a$ eFce!AaD a? Pelea" / &#"+ua" #%,a%#le" D C*a"t% m< e m*eAe e# "!&% ; m< c%"tact% eta#ece c%" %tr% !g*a#e> e ma;%r e# ")mer% $e e#ea ; $!*ta @*e *rge" c%m% c%"ec*e"c!a $e #a "ece!$a$ eF#%rat%r!a $e #% "!&% % %r r%#ema $e r%!e$a$. e %erAa e" eta e$a$e @*e e" #% "!&% e $a" m< #a e#ea c%" agre!A!$a$ ; e" #a "!&a m< $e t!% Aera#.
A$re"#7% e;ce"#-aD Ta"t% í!ca c%m% ? Aera#> *rge c*a"$% e# "!&% rec!e eFce!Aa agre!A!$a$ % e c%"A!erte e" #a %rma 'a!t*a# $e reacc!%"ar $e# "!&%. e"era#me"te eta c%"$*cta %" are"$!$a %r !m!tac!:" ;M% re%ra$a $!rectame"te % !e" r%A%ca$a %r eFce% $e act!A!$a$. PUTD I. % re%rar "*"ca $!c'a c%"$*cta II. EA!tar e# cat!g%> *e *e$e r%A%car m< agre!A!$a$. Per%> ! e "ecear!%> $ee a#!care $e %rma !"me$!ata a #a c%"ec*c!:" $e #a acc!:" a"c!%"a#e ; "*"ca $ee er í!c%. III. E m*; %!t!A% @*e ete t!% $e "!&% te"ga m< act!A!$a$ í!ca e" * %r"a$a ec%#ar
27
IK. /eem% #a"tear"% e#!m!"ar eta c%"$*cta % c%"tr%#ar#a> eta#ec!e"$% meta ra%"a#e> "% eera"$% *"a eFt!"c!:" ra$!ca# !"% e@*e&a $!m!"*c!%"e @*e e $ee" re%rar. K. /eem% %recer %tr% c%m%rtam!e"t% a#ter"at!A% *t!#!a"$% %tr% me$!% =$!<#%g%> "eg%c!ac!:"> etc? • A#"la0#e%o / reacc#7% &e+re"#-a= ería" #% "!&% a c%'!!$%> @*e eA!ta" #a
re#ac!:" c%" #% $em< "!&% "% ac*$!e"$% ara "a$a a# a$*#t%> r%teta"$% $,!#me"te ; re*g!<"$%e e" #a %#e$a$. E# "!&% e A*e#Ae m*; *cet!#e a #a crít!ca m%tr<"$%e %r #% ge"era# *m!% ; %e$!e"te. • Ora"= Ce#%t!!a> ra!eta...
28
TEMA 3 1. De"arrollo co$%##-o (a"a lo" ) a'o" = elal,B:”7ecanis'o # eta*as el esarrollo”) 1.1. La te%ría eF#!cat!Aa $e# $earr%##% c%g"!t!A% $e P!aget 1.2. Pr%ce% $e# $earr%##% c%g"!t!A% 2. Co%oc#0#e%o &e la real#&a& 2.1. C%"%c!m!e"t% a traA, $e #a ate"c!:" 2.2. C%"%c!m!e"t% ercet!A% 2.3. C%"%c!m!e"t% %r #a mem%r!a 2.4. C%"%c!m!e"t% eac!%-tem%ra# $e #a rea#!$a$ 2.5. C%"%c!m!e"t% a traA, $e #a re%#*c!:" $e r%#ema 2.6. C%"%c!m!e"t% me$!a"te #a reree"tac!:" 3. La o8"er-ac#7% / e;+lorac#7% &el 0u%&o ,!"#co %aural / "oc#al 3.1. eca"!m% $e acce% a# m*"$% í!c%> "at*ra# ; %c!a# 4. G9%e"#" / ,or0ac#7% &e lo" +r#%c#+ale" co%ce+o" 4.1. C%"cet% <!c% =B%'em 1972? 4.2. ,"e! =P!aget?
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
29
TEMA 3 DESARROLLO COGNITIVO 5ASTA LOS ) AÑOS (elal, B!: “7ecanis'o #
1.
eta*as el esarrollo”)
1.1.
L TEO E[PLICTIK /EL /.COITIKO /E PIETD La ma;%ría $e c%"%c!m!e"t% %re e# $earr%##% !c%#:g!c% $e# "!&% t!e"e" * %r!ge" e" #a !"Aet!gac!%"e $e P!aget ; * ec*e#a. E# $earr%##% !"te#ect*a# e rea#!a me$!a"te #a %rmac!:" $e '<!t% ; e# r%ce% $e ac%m%$ac!:". P!aget $!A!$e e# $earr%##% c%g"!tA% e"G=erí%$% V T1?
1.*. POCEO /EL /EOLLO COITIKO • Nac#0#e%o / +er#o&o "e%"or#o0oor
e#e% ; reacc!%"e c!rc*#areD E# "e%"at% $!%"e $e c%"$*cta re#ea @*e e act!Aa" a# $are !t*ac!%"e !"ter"a ='amreG?> % eFter"a =a#terac!%"e $e# me$!%G? a art!r $e #a @*e e r%$*ce" %r $!ere"c!ac!:" c%"$*cta m< c%m#ea=e@*ema? c%m% re*#ta$% $e #a a$atac!:" $e# %rga"!m% a# me$!% =aí *e$e %reA!A!r ! cam!a" #a c%"$!c!%"e am!e"ta#e crea"$% "*eA% e@*ema?.
E@*ema ; etr*c. $!crea"teD C*a"$% *" *et% e e"c*e"tra e" *"a !t*ac!:" @*e "% *e$e re%#Aer a#!ca"$% *" e@*ema @*e ;a %ee =etr*ct.$!crea"te?> e Ae %ra$% a em#ear e@*ema $!t!"t% m%$!!c<"$%#% ; c%m!"<"$%#% $e %rma "*eAa.! #a !t*ac!:" "% e re#ac!%"a c%" "!"g*"a a"ter!%r> e %!#e @*e "% *e$a re%#Aer#a.
• P. Preo+eraor#o o &e la re+re"e%ac#7% J*:K a> D E #a etaa $e# +e%"a0#e%o #%u##-o.
La reree"tac!:" e #a eA%cac!:" $e *" %et% % !t*ac!:" @*e *e$e "% etar ree"te %r a#g% @*e %c*a * #*gar. ? Pr!"c!a#e rag% $e# e"am!e"t% !"a"t!# =P!aget? ⇒ E OCETIOV I"caac!$a$ ara %"ere e" e# *"t% $e A!ta $e #% $em< t%ma * ercec!:" !"me$!ata c%m% a%#*ta. ⇒ I EKEIBILI//V I"caac!$a$ $e eec*tar *"a m!ma acc!:" e" #% $%
e"t!$% $e# rec%rr!$%> a)" a!e"$% @*e e #a m!ma. ⇒ A IIO I(TILV I"$!t!"c!:" $e #% A!A% ; #% !"a"!ma$%.
30
⇒ RE LIO I(TILV tr!*c!:" a #a aar!e"c!a *"a rea#!$a$ @*e "% %ee>
a# "% $!t!"g*!r e" e# %et% #% ee"c!a# $e #% aare"te. ⇒ A TI(ICILIO I(TILV E# "!&% $a eF#!cac!%"e art!!c!a#e a #% "at*ra#. ⇒ SU[TPOICIV E# "!&% e !"caa $e 'acer *" re#at% ; *#Aer!a e# t%$% e"
a!rmac!%"e ragme"tar!a e !"c%'ere"te. ⇒ SI CETIO V a%"am!e"t% "% $e$*ct!A% @*e aa $e *"a rem!a a #a
c%"c#*!:" me$!a"te *" act% !"t*!t!A%. ⇒ CE TCI V e#ecc!:" ; ate"c!:" $e *" %#% aect% $e #a rea#!$a$ ⇒ FIN LIO I(TIL V I"$!t!"c!:" $e# !" ; #a c%"ec*e"c!a.
B?
LOS INVARIANTES D E caracterít!c% $e# $. c%g"!t!A% #a %rmac!:" $e #%-ar#a%e" =e#eme"t% @*e er$*ra" tra #a tra"%rmac!%"e?. E" eta etaa e a$@*!ere #a "%c!:" $e !$e"t!$a$ $e #% %et% =*" %et% e e# m!m% a #% #arg% $e $!Aera tra"%rmac!%"e? ; #a "%c!:" $e re#ac!:" =a#g*"% ac%"tec!m!e"t% Aa" a%c!a$% a %tr% ; #a m%$!!cac!:" $e *"% aecta a# %tr%?.
C?
LAS MANIFESTACIONES DE LA FUNCIÓN SIMBÓLICA= /!Aer% t!% $e c%"$*cta @*e t!e"e" e" c%m)" #a *t!#!ac!:" $e a#g% ara $e!g"ar %tra c%a. %"D I0#ac#7% &#,er#&a= Im!tac!:" √ @*e e r%$*ce e" a*e"c!a t%ta# $e# m%$e#%. √
ue$o
"#087l#co=
E#
"!&%
rer%$*ce !t*ac!%"e @*e 'a A!t% er%
rer%$*c!,"$%#a
a$at<"$%#a a * $ee%. √ El uo= (%rma $e reree"tac!:" $e #% rea#> e# "!&% rete"$e 'acer *" $!*%
rea#!ta er% rer%$*ce $e #a rea#!$a$ #% @*e ae m< @*e #% @*e Ae. √ I0$e%e" 0e%ale"= C%"t!t*;e" *"a %rma $e !m!tac!:"> er% @*e "% e
eFter!%r!a =!m!tac!:" !"ter!%r!a$a?. √ Le%$uae= C%"t!t*;e e# !t. $e reree"tac!:" m< c%m#e%. arece e" *"
r!"c!!% *%r$!"a$% a #a !t*ac!%"e ; %ter!%rme"te Aa !"$ee"$!<"$%e $e e##a.
CONOCIMIENTO DE LA REALIDAD *.1. COOCIIETO TK /E L TECI = # r!"c!!% e# "!&% c%"ce"tra * ate"c!:" :#% e" #% %et% % act!A!$a$e @*e #e re*#ta" !"terea"te> er% #*eg% c%m!e"a a $!r!g!r#a c%"c!e"teme"te 'ata %et% $eterm!"a$% ; a ma"te"er#a 2.
31
c%"ce"tra$a e" e##%. Pr!mer% e e# a$*#t% @*!e" %rga"!a * ate"c!:" ;> m< tar$e> e e# r%!% "!&% @*!e" Aera#!a #% %et% e" #% @*e ce"trar#a.
*.*.
COOCIIETO PECEPTIKOD La ercec!:" e *" r%ce% $e $!ere"c!ac!:" $%"$e e# %rga"!m% $eterm!"a @*, !"%rmac!:" $e# e"t%r"% $ee er r%cea$a ; c*a# "%. L% #%gr% e"%r!a#e m< !m%rta"te %" = 2arcía 7aruga): La ercec!:" A!*a# =ercec!:" $e# c%#%r> e"t%r"% ; ercec!%"e A!*a#e eecí!ca?> #a a*$!c!:" =e re%"$e a %"!$% !"c#*% a"te $e "acer? ; %tra c%m% #a ercec!:" $e %#%re ; a%re.
*..
COOCIIETO PO L EOID La mem%r!a m< !m#e> reer!$a a# rec%"%c!m!e"t% $e etím*#%> et< ree"te $e$e e# "ac!m!e"t%. L*eg%> e" e$a$ reec%#ar e $earr%##a #a caac!$a$ $e rec%r$ar ; rer%$*c!r #% rec%r$a$% = 0e0or#a #%-olu%ar#a?. P%ter!%rme"te e $a" ,or0a" -olu%ar#a" &e 0e0or#6ac#7% / re+ro&ucc#7% @*e !m#!ca" e# $earr%##% $e etrateg!a $e mem%r!ac!:".
*.2. I.
COOCIIETO EPCIO-TEPOL /E L ELI//D E# eac!%D a; 2 #í"ea $e !"Aet!gac!:"D E# et*$!% $e #% c%"cet% eac!a#e e" atract% =$erec'a> arr!a> etc.? ; e# co%oc#0#e%o a08#e%al > e $ec!r> $e eac!% c%"cret% ; eecí!c% =caa> c%#eg!%> etc.? E" e# c%"%c!m!e"t% eac!a#> e# "!&% aa $e *ar * c*er% ; acc!:" c%m% *"t% $e reere"c!a = re+re"e%ac#7% e$oc9%r#ca &el e"+ac#o ? a %rga"!ar e# eac!% *a"$% *"t% eFter"% a ,#.
II.
E# t!em%D E# "!&% e %r!e"ta e%r e" e# t!em% @*e e" e# eac!%> a!m!#a #a !$ea $e# tr<"!t% $e# t!em% e" ae a * r%!a acc!%"e.
*.3.
COOCIIETO TK /E L EOLUCI /E POBLED L% "!&% e@*e&% %" caace $e *t!#!ar reg#a> $e %rma e%"t<"ea> ara re%#Aer r%#ema> ; c%" *"a *e"a !"tr*cc!:" *e$e" *ar reg#a $e ma;%r c%m#e!$a$. E" #a caac!$a$ $e re%#*c!:" $e r%#ema %" *"$ame"ta#e e# "!Ae# $e c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!% ; #a ae !m#íc!ta e" #a re%#*c!:" $e *" r%#ema.
*.).
COOCIIETO E/ITE L EPEETCID E# c%"%c!m!e"t% e %rga"!a e" e@*ema =*"!$a$e <!ca $e #a act!A!$a$ me"ta#? a? Ece"aD !rAe" ara %rga"!ar e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e eac!% % c%"teFt% 'a!t*a#e. L% "!&% a#mace"a" e" et% e@*ema #% %et% ree"te e" *" $eterm!"a$% c%"teFt%.
3.
?
*ce%D E"que0a $%"$e #% re#eAa"te e #a re#ac!:" tem%ra# @*e e $a e"tre $eterm!"a$a ec*e"c!a e !"c#*;e !"%rmac!:" %re acc!%"e etere%t!a$a e" $eterm!"a$% c%"teFt% %c!a#e =!r a# m,$!c%...?
c?
!t%r!aD *ce% e" #% @*e #a c%"eF!%"e %" ca*a#e> "% tem%ra#e. L% reec%#are %" caace $e rec%r$ar '!t%r!a $e %rma c%'ere"te> reeta"$% #a re#ac!%"e ca*a#e tem%ra#e e"tre *ce%.
LA OBSERVACIÓN ? EPLORACIÓN DEL MUNDO F4SICO NATURAL ? SOCIAL 32
La %erAac!:" ; #a eF#%rac!:" %" #% me$!% $e acce% a# m*"$% $*ra"te ; $e*, $e #a etaa e"%r!%m%tr!.
.1.
ECIO /E CCEO L U/O (ICO> TUL S OCIL • La o8"er-ac#7% Dct!A!$a$ c%g"!t!Aa <!ca> e #a r!mera %erac!:" a rea#!ar ara catar #a rea#!$a$. /!t!"g*!m% 2 t!% $e %erAac!:" @*e *e$e" rea#!are a * Ae> $e %rma $!recta % !"$!rectaD a?
OerAac!:" e%"t<"eaD La @*e rea#!a e# "!&% $e %rma "% $!r!g!$a me$!a"te * art!c!ac!:" e" #a act!A!$a$e c%t!$!a"a. E #a %erAac!:" m< <!ca> rea#!a$a %r e# "!&% $e %rma "at*ra# ; e%"t<"ea.
?
OerAac!:" !tem #e *g!ere" %et% a %erAar> eac!% $%"$e rea#!are> etc.
• La e;+lorac#7% &e la real#&a& D C%t!$!a"ame"te> a traA, $e# c%"tact% c%" #% e#eme"t%
$e# e"t%r"%> e# "!&% e e"c*e"tra e%"t<"eame"te a"te #a %#*c!:" $e r%#ema> @*e !"te"ta %#*c!%"ar c%" *"a act!A!$a$ ma"!*#at!Aa. art!r $e * act!A!$a$ eF#%rat%r!a> me$!a"te r%ce$!m!e"t% $e e"a;%-err%r> r*ea a e"c%"trar %#*c!%"e a$ec*a$a. C*a"$% #a e"c*e"tra> e# r%ce% eect*a$% %$r< *t!#!ar#% e" %tra !t*ac!%"e. a?
T#+o" &e "#uac#o%e" +ro8le0#ca" que "e +ue&e% +la%ear a lo" %#'o" +ara #%c#&#r e% la e;+lorac#7% &e la real#&a&. %" A<#!$a t%$a #a !t*ac!%"e @*e r%A%ca" tra"%rmac!%"e e" #% e#eme"t% $e# e"t%r"% e !"c!$a" e" e# a"<#!! ; re#eF!:" $e #% r%ce% $e c%"ta"c!a-cam!% ; $e ca*a-c%"ec*e"c!a a #% @*e et<" *et%. La act!A!$a$e $ee" #a"tear c%"#!ct% @*e *e$a" %#*c!%"are> e"tre e##aD ct!A!$a$e $%"$e e# "!&% r%A%ca e# m%A!m!e"t% $e %et% =La acc!:" $e# "!&% e #a r%tag%"!ta> #a %erAac!:" e ec*"$ar!a. ear caer o0etos...?> cam!% e" #% %et% =e@*!ere #a acc!:" $e# "!&%> er% #a %erAac!:" e #a r%tag%"!ta a# r%$*c!re #% cam!% %r #a r%!e$a$e $e #% %et%. 7eclas?. Tam!," 'a; act!A!$a$e @*e "% !"c#*;e"e" ea categ%ría c%m% *gar c%" %mra % r%$*c!r ec%.
?
Co%&#c#o%e" que ,ac#l#a% &e"cu8r#0#e%o &el e%or%o a ra-9" &e la e;+lorac#7%. 5 EA!tar c%rrer r!eg%> c*!$a"$% #a c%"$!c!%"e $e eg*r!$a$. 5
el
%t!Aar a# "!&% crea"$% *" am!e"te @*e a;*$e a e##% ; ate"$!e"$% * ec*#!ar!$a$e !"$!A!$*a#e.
5
;*$ar#e a Aera#!ar #% @*e !e"a" 'acer ; #% @*e 'a" 'ec'%.
5
K!g!#ar @*e #a eFer!e"c!a #a"!!ca$a ##eg*e" 'ata e# !"a#> a;*$a"$% a @*e e# "!&% "% !er$a e# !"ter,.
GNESIS ? FORMACIÓN DE LOS PRINCIPALES CONCEPTOS 2.1. COCEPTO BZICO =BOE 1972? L% c%"cet% <!c% !rAe" a# "!&% ara eta#ecer #a 1 re#ac!%"e <!ca e"tre acc!%"e ; %et% @*e #e erm!ta" *" c%"%c!m!e"t% a$ec*a$% $e re#ac!%"e ta" c%m#ea c%m% eac!%> t!em% ; ca"t!$a$. Eta 1 "%c!%"e "% e $er!Aa" $e %tra> %" c%"cet% 4.
33
r!mar!%. * a$@*!!c!:" etr*ct*ra #a me"te $e# "!&% ara 'acer#e c%mre"$er #a rea#!$a$ eFter!%r ; %!!#!tar#e e# $%m!"!% $e ea rea#!$a$. • CATEGOR4AS 5 C*er% =A%ca*#ar!% c%r%ra#? 5
Tama&% =ra"$e-e@*e&%...?
5
Eac!% =rr!a-aa%> cerca-#e%... ?
5
T!em% ="te-$e*,> r%"t%-tar$e... ?
5
Ca"t!$a$ =<-me"%> ##e"%-Aací%...?.
• DID@CTICA DE CONCEPTOS B@SICOS D e a$@*!ere" me$!a"te #a eFer!e"c!a. L%
eac!a#e %" \ "*mer%% ; e a$@*!ere" 1N> #% tem%ra#e %" #% )#t!m% e" a$@*!r!re. Or!e"tac!%"e met%$%#:g!caD 5
T%$% c%"cet% <!c% *t!#!are c%m% ")c#e% ge"era$%r $e act!A!$a$e #)$!ca ; $ee tratare $e$e e# ma;%r ")mer% $e !t*ac!%"e ; #e"g*ae %!#e.
5
Pree"tar ca$a c%"cet% <!c% c%"tra%"!,"$%#% a * %*et%. S> ara r%*"$!ar m<> e *e$e" *ar $e %rma c%m!"a$a =#a )#t!ma caa $e #a 1 !#a? ; a $!Aer% gra$% =gra"$e> m< gra"$e...?
2.*.
EI =PIET?D Et% c%"cet% %rma" *"a 1 re$ %rga"!a$a $e c%"%c!m!e"t% @*e c%"tr*;e e# "!&% me$!a"te * acc!:" %re #% %et% ; @*e %!!#!ta c%"tr*!r c%"cet% m< c%m#e%. * c%"c#*!%"eD
• FORMACIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE OBETO D e re!ere a #a cree"c!a !m#íc!ta
@*e t%$% c%mart!m% %re #a "at*ra#ea <!ca ; #a c%"$*cta $e #% %et%. e a$@*!ere a traA, $e #a eFer!e"c!a. o
1 / * e"a&#o D "% t!e"e #a "%c!:" $e %et% c%m% a#g% eara$% e !"$ee"$!e"te $e * r%!a act!A!$a$> %" !m
o
e"a&#o= #a c%%r$!"ac!:" $e #% re#e% Aa a %!!#!tar *" r%gre% e" #a eF#%rac!:" $e #% %et% ; e" #a a$@*!!c!:" $e #a erma"e"c!a $e #% m!m%.
o
2 e"a&#o= *ca #% %et% $etr< $e #% %t
o
3 e"a&#o= e caa $e t%mar e" c%"!$erac!:" #% $!t!"t% $e#aam!e"t% $e #% @*e 'a !$% tet!g%. % %ta"te> e !"caa $e *car#% c*a"$% #% $e#aam!e"t% 'a" !$% !"A!!#e.
34
o
) e"a&#o= e caa $e *car #% %et% @*e 'a" !$% ec%"$!$% me$!a"te $e#aam!e"t% !"A!!#e e" ete m%me"t% aarece ara P!aget #a c%"ta"c!a $e# %et%.
• ESTRUCTURACIÓN DEL ESPACIOD La etaa @*e atraA!ea e# "!&% e" #a
etr*ct*rac!:" ; reree"tac!:" $e# eac!% %"D : 1er a'o= e# eac!% e re$*ce a# @*e aarca c%" e# cam% A!*a#. % c%"c!e #% $e#aam!e"t% c%m% re#at!A% *"% a %tr%> !"% re#at!A% a ,# m!m%. Perc!e #% $e#aam!e"t%.
: * a'o= e acce$e a c!erta re#ac!%"e eac!a#e % $e ca*a#!$a$ í!ca. C%"tr*;e #a "%c!:" $e eac!%. L% $e#aam!e"t% %" reree"ta$%.
:
A +ar#r &e lo" a'o"D c%"tr*;e "%c!%"e c%m% $e"tr%M*era> $e#a"teM$etr<... E# c%"cet% $e eac!% e t%$aAía r Aaría c%" #a ree"c!a $e %tr%.
• REPRESENTACIÓN DEL TIEMPO D E# $earr%##% $e #a "%c!:" $e t!em% aa %r #a
!g*!e"te etaaD 5 +r#0ero" 0e"e"= E# t!em% e re$*ce a #a eFectat!Aa $e Aer at!ec'a * "ece!$a$e <!ca = #e0+o 8#ol7$#co ? 5
) 0e"e"= E# "!&% erc!e e# %r$e" $e #% e":me"% c*a"$% ,# m!m% 'ace #a c%a.
5
A +ar#r 1* 0e"e"= La caac!$a$ $e a*tar #% me$!% a #% !"e> *%"e #a $!ere"c!ac!:" c#ara e"tre *" a"te ; *" $e*,.
5
A +ar#r *2 0e"e"= E# "!&% *e$e eA%car rec*er$% "% A!"c*#a$% a * ercec!:" $!recta. $@*!ere #a ae ara er!ar e" e# t!em% ; #a caac!$a$ $e eta#ecer *"a *ce!:". I"!c!% $e# #e0+o "oc#al.
• EL CONCEPTO DEL NMERO D # r!"c!!% #% "!&% e #!m!ta" a rec!tar "%mre
$e ")mer% =c%"tar arece reet!r %"!$% !m!#are a #% ")mer% m!e"tra e !"$!ca" %et%?. U"a Ae are"$!$a #a er!e $e mem%r!a> #a a#!ca et!@*eta"$% ca$a e#eme"t% $e# c%"*"t% *"a %#a Ae ; c%" $!t!"t% ")mer%. Tam!," e $a c*e"ta a traA, $e #a eFer!e"c!a @*e ara !"c#*!r %et% e" *" c%"*"t% $ee rec'aar #a $!ere"c!a ; atraer a@*e##% @*e #% !g*a#a. Pr%gre!Aame"te Aa c%mre"$!e"$% tam!," @*e *e$e reer!re a *"a %!c!:" art!c*#ar e" *"a er!e $e e"*merac!:" =aect% %r$!"a#? ; tam!," a# ")mer% t%ta# $e %et% e"*mera$% =aect% car$!"a#?. C%mre"$e @*e *" c%"*"t% cam!a * Aa#%r "*m,r!c% ! e @*!ta" % a&a$e" e#eme"t% =!"!c!ac!:" *ma ; reta? ;> r%gre!Aame"te !$e"t!!ca #% !g"% @*e #a reree"ta". BLOQUE II -
Tema 6 Tema 11 35
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Tema 12 Tema 13 Tema 14
TEMA ) 1. I%,lue%c#a &e la" +r#%c#+ale" corr#e%e" +e&a$7$#ca" e% la EI (Puol 7aura, 19$/: “Anteceentes hist4ricos # tenencias actuales”)
1.1. "tece$e"te '!t:r!c% $e #a EI 1.2. La r!"c!a#e c%rr!e"te e$ag:g!ca e" #a EI 1.2.1. %$e#% rec*r%re 1.2.2. %$e#% c!e"tí!c% act!A% 1.3. I"#*e"c!a $e #a r!"c!a#e c%rr!e"te !c%#:g!ca e" #a EI ; A!!:" act*a#
*. E;+er#e%c#a" re%o-a&ora" 2.1. ,t%$% X*m%" 2.2. ,t%$% /ecr%#; 2.3. ,t%$% **Y! . V#"#7% acual / -alorac#7% cr!#ca 3.1. K!!:" act*a# ; Aa#%rac!:" crít!ca $e #a e$ag%gía tra$!c!%"a# a #a #* $e #a A!!:" c%"tr*ct!A!ta $e #a LOEMLOCE
36
TEMA ) 1.
INFLUENCIA DE LAS PRINCIPALES CORRIENTES PEDAGÓGICAS EN LA EI (Puol 7aura: “Anteceentes hist4ricos # tenencias actuales”, 19$/)
1.1.
TECE/ETE ITICO /E L EI • E&a& A%#$uaD E" eta í"te! e rea#ta @*e #a EI "% e :#% *"a "ece!$a$ *rg!$a c%" #a !"$*tr!a#!ac!:" "! c%" #a !"c%r%rac!:" $e #a m*er a# traa%> !"% @*e 'a !$% %et% $e ate"c!:" a #% #arg% $e #a '!t%r!a. ECI-O =!g#% 0-K? Pla7%= /e!"e #% c%"cet% $e e$ag%gía m< !m%rta"te> e&a#a e# *eg% c%m% me$!% e$*cat!A% ; $eterm!"a #a eF!ge"c!a $e #a er%"a $e$!ca$a a #a EI. -
Ar#"7ele"= (%rm*#a #a !$ea $e# /P $e# "!&%.
-
(*er%" e"a$%re @*e e re%c*ar%" %r #a EI> er% 'ata e# !g#% [KII "% e $a" #% 1N a% 'ac!a * c%"!$erac!:". La !$ea $e et% a*t%re !"#*;e" e" #a c%"!g*rac!:" $e #a e"cuela %ue-a ; $eterm!"a" %tra %rma $e 'acer e$*cac!:"> er% %ret%$% c%"tr!*;er%" a $%tar a #a !"a"c!a $e *"a !g"!!cac!:" !%#:g!ca> %c!a# ; e$*cat!Aa. 1.2.
L PICIPLE COIETE PE/IC E L EI 37
•
E&a& Me&#aD Om!t% #% !g#% K a# [K %r@*e "% :#% "% 'a; e" eta ,%ca EI !"% @*e "% 'a; e$*cac!:". La ge"te e $e$!ca a c*r!r * "ece!$a$e <!ca ; "% c*#t*ra#e> a %reA!A!r.
•
E&a& Mo&er%a =!g#% [KI-[KIII? - %$e#% rec*r%re =rec!e"tí!c%D "% 'a; *" tratam!e"t% $e #a e$*cac!:" c%m%
c!e"c!a?.
COMENIO =[KI-[KII?D Pe$ag%g% e#aA%> reree"ta"te $e# real#"0o . C%" ,# c%m!e"a #a e$ag%gía c!e"tí!ca. * !$ea e$ag:g!ca e aa" e" e# r!"c!!% $e #:g!ca "at*ra#. * %ra m
ROUSSEAU =[KIII?D Te:r!c% $e #a e$*cac!:" @*e !"tr%$*ce #a c%rr!e"te %aural#"a e" #a e$*cac!:". C%"!$era @*e ara rea#!ar *"a *e"a e$*cac!:" e $ee c%"%cer #a naturaleza psicológica $e @*!e" e e$*ca. La e$*cac!:" c%"!te e" *" $earr%##% ge"era#> "at*ra# ; arm:"!c% $e #a caac!$a$e. /e!e"$e *" ae# "% !"terAe"c!%"!ta $e# maetr% $%"$e #a e$*cac!:" $ee $earr%##are eg)" #a "at*ra#ea '*ma"a> reeta"$% #a #!erta$> #a !"$ee"$e"c!a ; e%"ta"e!$a$ $e# "!&%. $em< #a e$*cac!:" $eía te"er #*gar e" #a "at*ra#ea =cam%? e !"!c!are e" #a 1 !"a"c!a.
PESTALOI =[KIII-[I[?D eree"ta"te $e# ,#la%ro+#"0o. I"#*e"c!a$% %r %*ea*> cree @*e e# "!&% $ee e$*care e" #a "at*ra#ea> er% e"c%"tra"$% *"a arm%"ía e"tre "at*ra#ea ; %c!e$a$. P#a"tea *" $earr%##% !"tegra# $e# "!&% $%"$e #a e"e&a"a arta $e #% !m#e a #% c%m#e%. * e"e&a"a e aa e" #a #e;e $e# $earr%##% !c%#:g!c% $e# "!&% $%"$e #a am!#!a e #a r!"c!a# e$*ca$%ra.
: %$e#% c!e"tí!c% act!A% (%rma" #a Ec*e#a *eAa FROEBEL =[KIII-[I[?D Pe$ag%g% a#em<"> crea$%r $e #a #%&er$are% =!"t!t*c!%"e !"a"t!#e?. * %ra e *"$ame"ta e" #a Pe$ag%gía at*ra# ; e# I$ea#!m%. * m,t%$% e aa e"D Pa!$%ce"tr!m% =E# "!&% e e# ee $e# r%ce% e$*cat!A%?> at*ra#!m% =E# "!&% e *" er "at*ra# @*e $ee crecer e" #a e%"ta"e!$a$?> E$*cac!:" $e #% Aa#%re a traA, $e# *eg% ; ct!A!m% =C%"!$era #a acc!:" c%m% ee"c!a# ara e# $earr%##% $e# "!&%> ; e# *eg% e e# me$!% ara g*!ar#a?. P%r 1 Ae e c%"!$era #a !"a"c!a c%m% *"a etaa c%" caracterít!ca r%!a> %r e##% e r%grama" m,t%$% ; mater!a#e ar%!a$% a #a "ece!$a$e $e# "!&% ; a$ata$% a * $earr%##% "at*ra#.
MAR4A MONTESSORI =[I[-[[?D /%ct%ra e" me$!c!"a> * 1 eFer!e"c!a e$ag:g!ca r%ce$e" $e #a ate"c!:" a "!&% $e!c!e"te. (*"$a #a Ca"a" &e lo" %#'o" !"t!t*c!%"e @*e ac%gía" a "!&% $e 3-6 a&%. E# me!a"!m% e #a ae $e * e$ag%gía> *e rete"$e @*e t%$a acc!:" e$*cat!Aa g!re e" t%r"% a #% "!&%. * e$ag%gía e aa e"D Pa!$%ce"tr!m%> *t%e$*cac!:" =La EI e c%"ce!$a c%m% *" r%ce% 38
e%"t<"e% $e# $earr%##% $e# "!&%. Para e##%> e $ee crear *" am!e"te !$:"e%> #!re $e %t eet% a# $earr%##% !"a"t!# =C%"c!e #a e$*cac!:" c%m% $earr%##% m< @*e c%m% a$atac!:"> $e a'í #a "ece!$a$ $e @*e #% maetr% c%"%ca" #a caracterít!ca í!ca ; !c%#:g!ca $e * a#*m"%?> Pr!"c!!% $e #!erta$ =Para @*e e $e #a a*t%e$*cac!:"> e "ecear!% crear *" am!e"te aA%ra#e @*e erm!ta #a e%"ta"e!$a$ $e# "!&% ; $e * act!A!$a$? ; e# ct!A!m%.
DECROL? =[I[-[[?D ,$!c% e#ga @*e *"$a * cole &e lEr0#a$e . I"tr%$*ce * m,t%$% %re #a g#%a#!ac!:" ; #% ce"tr% $e !"ter,. Para ,#> #a acc!:" e$*cat!Aa e !"!ra e" 2 r!"c!!% e#eme"ta#eD Pr!"c!!% $e g#%a#!ac!:" =Para /ecr%#;> #a *"c!%"e !"te#ect*a#e e" e# "!&% act)a" eg)" *" e@*ema g#%a#!a$%. La *"c!%"e me"ta#e> act)a" e" ae a e#eme"t% c%m#et% ; "% a arte 1N c%m% *"a ercec!:" c%"*a $e #a rea#!$a$ 2N e aa a a"a#!ar #a arte ;> 3N c%"c#*;e c%" *"a í"te!? ; Pr!"c!!% $e I"ter, =/e!e"$e c%"ce"trar #a e"e&a"a e" t%r"% a tema *get!A%?.
1.3.
I(LUECI /E L PICIPLE COIETE PICOLIC E L EI S KII CTUL • Corr#e%e Co%&uc#"a= La ae e #a !$ea $e @*e t%$% c%m%rtam!e"t% e *"a %rma
are"$!$a $e re%"$er a $eterm!"a$a c!rc*"ta"c!a. C*a"$% #% @*e %te"em% a# re%"$er $e $eterm!"a$a ma"era e *e"% =!rAe a "*etr% r%:!t%?> ea re*eta #a are"$em% ; re%"$erem% !g*a# e" c!rc*"ta"c!a !m!#are. Per%> ! c%" ea act*ac!:" "% #%gram% #% eera$%> $eec'am% #a re*eta ; $eam% $e *ar#a. Et% *%"e @*e #a act!t*$ $e# e$*ca$%r e *"$ame"ta# a# ma"ear a# "!&%> ;a @*e e @*!e" #e r%%rc!%"a #a !"%rmac!:" $e ! * re*eta e a$ec*a$a % $ee *t!t*!r#a. La t,c"!ca $e cam!% $e c%"$*cta c%"tr%#a" #a c%"ec*e"c!a $e #a acc!%"e c%"A!rt!,"$%#a e" agra$a#e> a traA, $e# ]re*er% %!t!A%]> % $eagra$a#e me$!a"te e# ]cat!g%]. La c%"$*cta eg*!$a $e *" ]re*er% %!t!A%] er<" are"$!$a c%m% )t!#e ; e reet!r<" #a @*e ac%ma&e *" ]cat!g%] term!"ar<" $eaarec!e"$%. La c%"cec!:" $e# are"$!ae e meca"!c!ta. *t%re c%m% QATSON ? SINNER !g*e" eta c%rr!e"te. • Corr#e%e co$%##-#"a= eg)" eta c%rr!e"te> #a %rma m< a$ec*a$a $e a;*$ar a# "!&%
a re%#Aer * r%#ema c%rrectame"te e e"tre"ar#e e" #% a% @*e $ee eg*!r> c%" etrateg!a ara @*e ea act*arD %$e#a$% =e# a$*#t% 'ace #a tarea m!e"tra $!ce e" A% a#ta #% a% a eg*!r?> *ía eFter"a ma"!!eta =a'%ra e e# "!&% @*!e" rea#!a #a tarea m!e"tra e# a$*#t% #e a;*$a re!t!e"$% c%" ,# #% a%?> *t%g*ía ma"!!eta =e# "!&% re!te %#% ; e" A% a#ta #a !"tr*cc!%"e m!e"tra 'ace #a tarea?> *t%g*ía ma"!!eta ate"*a$a =c*c'!c'ea #a !"tr*cc!%"e? ; *t%!"tr*cc!%"e e"c*!erta =e# "!&% rea#!a #a tarea e" !#e"c!% g*!<"$%e %r #a !"tr*cc!%"e me"ta#me"te?. !g*e" eta c%rr!e"te a*t%re c%m%D -
P#a$e =E# $earr%##% c%g"!t!A% c%"!te e" *" r%ce% act!A% $e c%"tr*cc!:" $e etr*ct*ra me"ta#e %r arte $e# *et% e" 39
!"teracc!:" c%" #% %et%> @*e #e erm!te a$atare a# me$!% e" @*e A!Ae. L% tre meca"!m% ara e# are"$!ae %"D !m!#ac!:"D a$ec*ar *"a "*eAa eFer!e"c!a e" *"a etr*ct*ra me"ta# eF!te"te c%m%$ac!:"D reA!ar *" e@*ema reeF!te"te a ca*a $e *"a "*eAa eFer!e"c!a ; E@*!#!r!%D *car eta!#!$a$ c%g"%c!t!Aa a traA, $e #a a!m!#ac!:" ; #a ac%m%$ac!:"?.
Bru%er =/earr%##a #a te%ría $e# a"$am!ae
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t*t%r!a#> *"a arte $e #a re%"a!#!$a$ $e# $earr%##% $e# "!&% e $e #% a$*#t% @*e %rga"!a" * eFer!e"c!a. E# e$*ca$%r $ee *m!"!trar #a reere"c!a ; a;*$a =a m%$% $e a"$am!%? ara @*e #% "!&% *e$a" c%"tr*!r * c%"%c!m!e"t% $e# m*"$%?.
Au"u8el JTe%ría $e# are"$!ae Aera#
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!g"!!cat!A%. /etaca #a !m%rta"c!a $e #% m,t%$% $e recec!:" e" e# are"$!ae> "% cree e" e# are"$!ae :#% %r $ec*r!m!e"t%. L% !m%rta"te e aeg*rar e# are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A%> re#ac!%"a"$% #% "*eA% c%"te"!$% c%" #% @*e e# a#*m"% ;a ae> :#% aí e# a#*m"% a!m!#a #a rea#!$a$ ; #a !"tegra e" *"a etr*ct*ra g#%a# $e c%"%c!m!e"t%?. • Corr#e%e "oc#o$e%9#ca= Parte $e# mater!a#!m% '!t:r!c% $e arF ; ege#. *
%t*#a$% <!c% e @*e #a eF!te"c!a %c!a# #a @*e $eterm!"a #a c%"c!e"c!a. E# m @*e r%*"$!: e" eta !$ea a#!c<"$%#a a #a !c%#%gía ; e$*cac!:". eg)" ,#> e# %r!ge" $e# are"$!ae "% et< e" e# am!e"te et!m*#ar @*e r%$ea a# "!&%> "! e" * act!A!$a$ c%"tr*ct!Aa e%"t<"ea> !"% @*e 'a; @*e *car#% e" #a %c!e$a$. L% "!&% are"$e" art!c!a"$% e" act!A!$a$e *"t% a er%"a @*e %ee" ma;%r gra$% $e $%m!"!% e" ea act!A!$a$. Para ,#> #a !"ter"a#!ac!:" e #a rec%"tr*cc!:" !"ter"a $e #% *ce$!$% a "!Ae# %c!a#. Cree @*e e# *"c!%"am!e"t% me"ta# t!e"e * raíce e" r%ce% %c!a#e =e" e# $earr%##% c*#t*ra#> "% !%#:g!c%?. Para K;g%tY! e# are"$!ae $a #*gar a# $earr%##% =a $!ere"c!a $e P!aget @*e !e"a @*e e# $earr%##% e *"a c%"$!c!:" ara e# are"$!ae?. art!r $e eta !$ea e"*"c!a * c%"cet% W/P =W%"a $e $earr%##% r:F!m%?.
*.
EPERIENCIAS RENOVADORAS D K%; a %"er eem#% r
"!&% $e '%;> e"A*e#t% e" *" %mar$e% e"%r!a# $e #% K ; TIC. * %et!A% e et!m*#ar a# "!&% ara acar e# m @*e e" *"% ca% c%m#eme"ta" #% et*$!% reg#a$% ; e" %tr% e a#!ca" e" c%#eg!% eec!a#!a$%. 2.1.
TO/O XUO =Barce#%"a?D Prete"$e $earr%##ar #a c%"ce"trac!:"> e# '<!t% $e et*$!%> e# a*t%are"$!ae ; #a m%t!Aac!:" a traA, $e# c<#c*#% matem !"c#*!$% #% $ía "% #ect!A%. Et< rec%me"$a$% ara "!&% $e 2 a 12 a&%. Pr!mer%> e 'ace a# "!&% *" tet $e eAa#*ac!:" ara Aer @*, "!Ae# $e c<#c*#% r<!$% ; !" err%re t!e"e. L*eg%> ca$a $ía =e" e# ce"tr% X*m%" ; e" caa? e# "!&% 'ace *"% eerc!c!% $e# a"ter!%r. E# r!tm% !emre e !"$!A!$*a#!a$%> ; e# !tema %te"c!a# e e# a*t%are"$!aeD ! e# "!&% e e@*!A%ca> #% a$re e #% $!ce"> er% e ,# @*!e" $ee $etectar e# err%r.
2.2.
TO/O /ECOLS =Barce#%"a?D /e!e"$e e# are"$!ae $e# "!&% a traA, $e #a eFer!me"tac!:" $!recta> #a %erAac!:" ; #a eFre!:" $e !$ea. e aa e" e# m,t%$% c!e"tí!c%> 'ac!e"$% '!"ca!, e" #a re%"a!#!$a$ $e# traa% e" e@*!%. /e$e e@*e&%> e# a#*m"% e ac%t*mra a !"Aet!gar> ;a @*e #% )"!c% #!r% @*e t!e"e" e" #a ec*e#a %" #% @*e e#a%ra" e##% m!m% c%" * maetr%> a art!r $e #% @*e 'a" are"$!$%> !g*!e"$% !emre #% %et!A% c*rr!c*#are %!c!a#e. La e"e&a"a e ##eAa" a ca% $e %rma g#%a# =ercec!:" !"a"t!#?. E *" !tema m*; $!c!#!"a$%> #% "!&% "% 'a" $e 'acer "a$a e" * caa> #% a$re :#% $ee" a"!mar a# "!&% a eg*!r e# m,t%$%> ara are"$er a are"$er. a; $!ere"te r%ce$!m!e"t% @*e ar%Aec'a" e# #e"g*ae A!*a# ara et!m*#ar a #% "!&% e" c%"cet% c%m% #a m)!ca> matem #% eem#% m< $etaca$% '%; e" e# merca$% %" #% Aí$e% ; C/ $e #% m,t%$% Ba; E!"te!" ; X!-X!$> ete mater!a# $ee *t!#!are $e ma"era act!Aa.
2.4.
TO/O UWUXID Baa$% e" #a m)!ca a traA, $e #% !"tr*me"t%. L% "!&% em!ea" $e$e m*; e@*e&% ; $!rectame"te are"$e" a t%car *" !"tr*me"t%. e aa e" #a e$*cac!:" temra"a $e# %í$%> #a e"e&a"a er%"a#!a$a> #a art!c!ac!:" act!Aa $e #% a$re ; #a r *rge c%m% r%#%"gac!:" "at*ra# $e $!r*te $e# !"tr*me"t%. La m)!ca e are"$e %r !m!tac!:"> !"mer!:"> r%gre!Aame"te ; !" #a% !% ara are"$er. L% a$re t!e"e" @*e a!t!r c%" #% '!% a c#ae ; t%car e# m!m% !"tr*me"t%. (am!#!ar!are c%" #a m)!ca c%"tr!*;e a# $earr%##% $e * caac!$a$e !mag!"at!Aa> $e ercec!:" eac!a# ; #a !"te#!ge"c!a.
. VISIÓN ACTUAL ? VALORACIÓN CR4TICA D e *"!$% C2 ; C3 %r * re#ac!:" em<"t!ca> !" @*e %r e##% !er$a" * c%'ere"c!a ; r!g%r. 3.1.
KII CTUL S KLOCI CTIC /E L PE/O T/ICIOL L LUW /E L KII COTUCTIKIT /E L LOEMLOCE a? 5a"a qu9 +u%o "e (a 0o&#,#ca&o la +e&a$o$!a ra&#c#o%al &ura%e el "#$lo % e e"c!##% 'acer *" a#a"ce. /e$e 'ace 1 % 2 ge"erac!%"e 'a $eaarec!$% e# cat!g% í!c%> #% @*e !" $*$a e %!t!A%. L% m,t%$% m< tra"m!!A% tam!," e ate" e" ret!ra$a> er% a# te"er ma#a re"a "a$!e re#eF!%"a %re ! e %!#e me%rar $!c'% m,t%$%> ; @*e e" c!rc*"ta"c!a *e$e er ra%"a#e *ar#%. Tam!," 41
e %erAa" m%$!!cac!%"e !m%rta"te e" e# a*#a> e# m%!#!ar!%> e" #a %!!#!$a$ $e $e#aam!e"t% $e"tr% $e #a c#ae ; e" #a re#ac!%"e $e #a ec*e#a c%" * e"t%r"%. L*eg% 'a; m*c'a !""%Aac!%"e @*e 'a" e"etra$% e" a#g*"a ec*e#a> er% a Aece e 'a" r*t!"!a$% er$!e"$% * *era !"!c!a#> c%m% #a aam#ea ec%#are. P%r %tr% #a$%> e $ee c%"!$erar e# !mact% @*e 'a" !g"!!ca$% ara #a ec*e#a #a ma!!cac!:" $e #a e$*cac!:" <!ca ; ec*"$ar!a> %c*rr!$a $*ra"te e# . [[. a; *"a r%#em ; #a *"!Aera#!ac!:" 'a !g"!!ca$% @*e t%$% #% r%#ema %c!a#e !"gree" e" #a ec*e#a. Aece e a!rma c%" ec<"$a#% %re #a A!%#e"c!a *Ae"!# e" #a a*#a % %re a% re"$!m!e"t% $e egme"t% !m%rta"te $e #a %#ac!:" ec%#ar> er% e %#A!$a @*e 'ace *" ar $e ge"erac!%"e e% "!&% ; :Ae"e etaa" *era $e# !tema e$*cat!A%. ? El 0o&elo &e EI +ro+ue"o +or la LOGSE / la" or#e%ac#o%e" 0eo&ol7$#ca" +ara la ea+a +er0#e%= -
La
*erac!:"
$e
#a
met%$%#%gía
tra$!c!%"a#e ; #a %#,m!ca e" t%r"% a #a m!ma. La c%"cec!:" c%"tr*ct!A!ta a$%ta$a %r #a e%rma r%me c%" #a tra$!c!%"a# c%"r%"tac!:" eF!te"te e"tre #% m,t%$% ce"tra$% e" e# a#*m"% ; #% ce"tra$% e" e# r%e%r. La met%$%#%gía $!$
Ig*a#me"te> #% re@*er!m!e"t% $e# m%$e#% eF!ge" $e# r%e%r *"a %rmac!:" m< t,c"!ca> "ece!ta"$% @*e #% maetr% Aea" #a !m%rta"c!a $e rea#!ar *"a !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa c%'ere"te c%" #a c%"cec!:" c%"tr*ct!A!ta $e# are"$!ae> ; e"te"$!$% ,te c%m% *" $earr%##% !"tegra# $e #a er%"a.
-
P%r %tr% #a$%> ! e# a#*m"% are"$e act!Aame"te> #a *"c!:" $%ce"te c%"!t!r< e" %te"c!ar> %rga"!ar ; e#ecc!%"ar r%ce$!m!e"t% ; act!A!$a$e $earr%##a$% e" *" marc% !"teract!A% %c!a#.
-
(!"a#me"te> ara a;*$ar a *" "!&% a c%"tr*!re c%m% er%"a> e# r%e%r $ee c%"%cer #% ar $ee !"$!A!$*a#!are e# r%ce% $e e"e&a"a. !&% $!ere"te %ee" caac!$a$e $!ere"te ; "% arece %%rt*"% ma"te"er e# m!m% "!Ae# $e eFectat!Aa> "! e# m!m% gra$% $e eF!ge"c!a e" t%$% e##%.
42
TEMA 11
1. Co%"ecuc#7% &e la" ca+ac#&a&e" $e%erale" &e la ea+a 0e&#a%e lo" o8e#-o" / co%e%#&o" &e la" rea" &el curr!culo &e EI 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5.
/e#!m!tac!:" $e t,rm!"% c#aAe Caac!$a$e ge"era#e $e #a etaa Oet!A% $e #a
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
43
TEMA 11 1. CONSECUCIÓN DE LAS CAPACIDADES GENERALES DE LA ETAPA MEDIANTE LOS OBETIVOS ? CONTENIDOS DE LAS AREAS DEL CURRICULO DE EI 1.1. /ELIITCI /E TIO CLKE : Curr!culo= eg)" art.4.1 L%ge> C%"*"t% $e %et!A%> c%"te"!$%> m,t%$% e$ag:g!c% ; cr!ter!% $e eAa#*ac!:" $e ca$a "!Ae#> c!c#%> etaa> gra$% ; m%$a#!$a$ $e# !t.e$*cat!A% @*e reg*#a" #a r e# %et% $e are"$!ae.
44
: O8e#-o" &#&c#co"= Perm!te" re#ac!%"ar caac!$a$e c%" c%"te"!$%. e eta#ece" ara ca$a *"!$a$ $!$
CPCI/ /E EEL E /E L ETP
D7%&e "e ,or0ula% E" #a Lo$"e ar. &el ca+.1 =$e #a EI? eta#ece e# $earr%##% $e #a !g*!e"te
caac!$a$e =CO?D
: C%"%cer * r%!% c*er% ; * %!!#!$a$e $e acc!:". : e#ac!%"are c%" #% $em< a traA, $e #a $!t!"ta %rma $e eFre!:" ; $e c%m*"!cac!:".
: OerAar ; eF#%rar * e"t%r"% "at*ra#> am!#!ar ; %c!a#. : $@*!r!r r%gre!Aame"te *"a a*t%"%mía e" * act!A!$a$e 'a!t*a#e
E" R.D. 1H1 e #a"tea" #% % ge"era#e =caac!$a$e a $earr%##ar? $e #a
EI $e %rma m< $eta##a$a eta#ec!e"$% #a e"e&a"a mí"!ma $e# c*rríc*#%.
T#+o" &e ca+ac#&a&e"= E# /CB $e EI eF#!c!ta 5 aect!Aa> m%tr!ce> $e re#ac!:" !"terer%"a# ; $e act*ac!:" e !"erc!:" %c!a#. a? E" e# #a !"a#!$a$ $e #a EI e ac!#!tar e# acce% a *"a reree"tac!:" %et!Aa ; c%%r$!"a$a $e #a rea#!$a$ @*e e# "!&% c%"%ce e" #% re#at!A% a# #e"g*ae> et!m*#a"$% e# acce% a #a c%"Ae"c!%"a#!$a$ =#,F!ca> gramat!ca#> !"t $e #a"!!cac!:" $e #a acc!:"G?. ? E" e# #a EI e r%%"e $earr%##ar e"t!m!e"t% %!t!A% reect% a #% $em< ; reect% $e í m!m%. 45
c? E" e# @*e erm!t!r<" a# "!&% *" r%gre!A% c%"tr%# c%r%ra#. /!c'% c%"tr%# c%m!e"a aecta"$% a gra"$e gr*% m*c*#are re%"a#e $e #a %t*ra ; #a marc'a ; acaa eFte"$!,"$%e a e@*e&% m)c*#% @*e erm!te" act!A!$a$e m< !"a ; rec!a. $? /e$e e# #a !"a#!$a$ $e #a EI c%"!te e" %!!#!tar e# $earr%##% $e #a !"$!A!$*a#!$a$ e" e# !"ter!%r $e *" c%"teFt% @*e $ema"$a a*te ; c%%r$!"ac!:" %c!a#. •
Caracer!"#ca" &e la" ca+ac#&a&e" : Et<" ree"te e" #% "!&% ; e $earr%##a" $e ma"era !"terre#ac!%"a$a>
a%;a$a *"a e" %tra.
: L% %et!A% ge"era#e rete"$e" #a !"tegrac!:" $e #% $!ere"te t!% $e caac!$a$e.
: # tratare $e caac!$a$e> #% %et!A% ge"era#e "% %" $!recta "! *"íA%came"te eAa#*a#e.
: C%rre%"$e a# r%e%r c%"cretar @*, are"$!ae e eera c%m% ma"!etac!:" %erAa#e $e eta c%mete"c!a. 1.3.
OBETIKO EELE /E L ZE /E EI
3 SO
1
2
E/IO
ITECCI •
For0ulac#7%D e eta#ece" e" e# Real Decreo 1H1 . a? Zrea $e I$e"t!$a$ ; *t%"%mía er%"a#D La !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa te"$r< c%m% %et!A% $earr%##ar *"% r%ce% $e e"e&a"a-are"$!ae @*e caac!te" a# "!&%> e"tre %tra c%a> araD 1. Te"er *"a !mage" a*ta$a ; %!t!Aa $e í m!m%. 2.
I$e"t!!car r%gre!Aame"te * %!!#!$a$e ; #!m!tac!%"e.
46
3.
I$e"t!!car
#%
r%!%
e"t!m!e"t%> em%c!%"e ; "ece!$a$e ; c%m*"!c e"tre %tra c%a> araD 1. C%"%cer #a "%rma ; m%$% $e c%m%rtam!e"t% %c!a# $e #% gr*% $e #% @*e %rma arte. 2.
C%"%cer a#g*"a $e #a %rma m< 'a!t*a#e $e %rga"!ac!:" $e #a A!$a '*ma"a.
3.
Ka#%rar #a !m%rta"c!a $e# me$!% "at*ra# ; $e * ca#!$a$ ara #a A!$a '*ma"a.
c? Zrea $e C%m*"!cac!:" ; eree"tac!:"D La !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa te"$r< c%m% %et!A% $earr%##ar *"% r%ce% $e e"e&a"a-are"$!ae @*e caac!te" a# "!&%> e"tre %tra c%a> araD 1. EFrear e"t!m!e"t%> $ee% e !$ea me$!a"te e# #e"g*ae %ra#. 2.
C%mre"$er #a !"te"c!%"e ; me"ae @*e #e c%m*"!ca" %tr% "!&% ; a$*#t%.
3.
I"tereare %r e# #e"g*ae ecr!t% ; Aa#%rar#% c%m% !"tr*me"t% $e !"%rmac!:"> c%m*"!cac!:" ; $!r*te.
• Caracer!"#ca" &e lo" o8e#-o"
: Et<" $e!"!$% e" t,rm!"% $e caac!$a$e ; "% $e c%m%rtam!e"t%. P%r #% @*e #a ec*e#a $ee a;*$ar a $earr%##ar caac!$a$e ge"era#e ; "% c%m%rtam!e"t% eecí!c%.
: *eta" %r *" $earr%##% arm:"!c% c%"ce$!,"$%#e !g*a# !m%rta"c!a a *"a caac!$a$e @*e a %tra.
: E" *" m!m% %et!A% e rec%ge" caac!$a$e $e $!t!"t%
: C%"creta" #a !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa e" eta etaa. : % t!e"e" c%rre#ac!:" c%" *"
1.3.
COTEI/O /E L ZE CUICULE • For0ulac#7% Et<" rec%g!$% e" e# R.D. 1H1 ; %" e# !"tr*me"t% @*e erm!te $earr%##ar #a caac!$a$e rec%g!$a e" #% %et!A% ge"era#e. • T#+o" &e co%e%#&o"= a; 3 t!% $e c%"te"!$%> c*;a $!t!"c!:" e $e "at*ra#ea
e$ag:g!ca> @*e e e"e&a" $e %rma $!ere"te ; e eAa#)a" $e m%$% $!t!"t%.
: C%"te"!$% c%"cet*a#eD eere"te a c%"cet%. E" EI c%"t!t*;e" 'ec'% m*; e"c!##%. e trata $e 1 "%c!%"e @*e !rAe" a #% "!&% ara c%mre"$er #a rea#!$a$. : C%"te"!$% r%ce$!me"ta#e = %" *" c%"*"t% %r$e"a$% $e acc!%"e $!r!g!$a a #a c%"ec*c!:" $e *"a meta. L% r%ce$!m!e"t% !m#!ca" r%ce% $e acc!:" ; ##eAa" a c%"cet% ; act!t*$e. : C%"cet% act!t*$!"a#eD e#ac!%"a$% c%" act!t*$e> "%rma ; Aa#%re. • Su e"rucurac#7%= e etr*ct*ra" e" Aar!% Bloque". L% #%@*e %" agr*ac!%"e
$e c%"te"!$% e" #a @*e e ree"ta a# e@*!% $%ce"te #a !"%rmac!:" %re a@*e##% @*e e $ee traaar r!%r!tar!ame"te e" #a etaa. • Cua&ro $e%eral =r<!c%?
ZBITO /E
1D I$e"t!$a$ ; *t%"%mía er%"a# 2D /ec*r!m!e"t% $e# me$!% í!c% ; %c!a#
E[PEIECI 3D C%m*"!cac!:" ; eree"tac!:"
BLOQUE /E COTEI/ O
-
E# c*er% ; #a r%!a !mage". *eg% ; m%A!m!e"t%. ct!A!$a$ ; A!$a c%t!$!a"a. C*!$a$% $e *"% m!m%. r*% %c!a#e. K!$a e" %c!e$a$. Oet%. "!ma#e ; #a"ta. Le"g*ae %ra#. r%F!mac!:" #e"g*ae ecr!t%. e#ac!%"e> me$!$a ; reree"tac!:" e" e# eac!%. EFre!:" #<t!ca> m*!ca# ; c%r%ra#.
• @08#o" &e e;+er#e%c#a e c%"tra%"e c%" #% c%"cet% $e a!g"at*ra @*e
aarecer<" e" tram% e$*cat!A% %ter!%re. C%m% #a eFer!e"c!a "% et< ragme"ta$a $ee @*e$ar c#ar% * car
EED L% ce"tr% t!e"e" @*e a$ec*ar #% %et!A% ; c%"te"!$% $e %rma @*e a$@*!era" !g"!!ca$% c%"cret% e" *"c!:" $e * r%!% c%"teFt%> c%"tem#a"$% #a $!Aer!$a$ $e "ece!$a$e $e# a#*m"a$%. + ACIs
48
TEMA 1* 1. Pr#%c#+#o" &e #%er-e%c#7% e&uca#-a e% EI 2. El e%,oque $lo8al#6a&or (7D B!Ortega: “;a escuela infantil”) 2.1. +Q*, e e"t!e"$e %r g#%a#!ac!:" 2.2. #%a#!ac!:" "at*ra# ; $!$
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
49
TEMA 1* 1.
PRINCIPIOS DE INTERVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA EN EI =P( PIE?
EL ENFO ate"$!e"$% a * !"ter, ; a * $earr%##% !c%#:g!c%. Decrol/ e c%"!$era$% e# a$re $e #a g#%a#!ac!:"> erte"ec!e"te a# m%A!m!e"t% $e #a Ec*e#a *eAa @*e $earr%##: #a t,c"!ca $e #% Ce"tr% $e I"ter,. 2.
2.2.
LOBLIWCI TUL S /I/ZCTIC - NauralD ace reere"c!a a# "#%cre#"0o r%!% $e# "!&% =P!aget? %r e# c*a# ,te !g*e *" e@*ema "at*ra# $e a$atac!:" a# me$!% erc!e g#%a#me"te #a rea#!$a$> !" earar #a arte. - D#&c#ca= C*a"$% e #a"!!ca ; e ##eAa" a ca% #a act!A!$a$e re%"$!e"$% a *" e"%@*e g#%a#!a$%r. E# r%e%r @*e !ga eta met%$%#%gía $ee aer @*, ; a @*, r%*"$!$a$ traaa e" ca$a m%me"t%.
2.3.
POCEO /E LOBLIWCID - Perce+c#7% #%u##-aD ec!!m% *"a !mre!:" g#%a#-!"cr,t!ca a"te #% ac%"tec!m!e"t% $e# m*"$% eFter!%r> cata"$% e# c%"*"t% $e *" m%$% c%"*%. e arte $e t%ta#!$a$e L% $at% e"%r!a#e me$!a"te #% @*e are"$em% #a rea#!$a$ e $a" $e *"a ma"era g#%a# e !"$!ere"c!a$a *et% @*e #a r!mera eFer!e"c!a $e# "!&% %" $e c%"*"t%> * ercec!:" e g#%a#. T%$% rec!!m% *"a !mre!:" g#%a#!"cr,t!ca a"te #% ac%"tec!m!e"t% $e# m*"$% eFter!%r. *c'a ercec!%"e %" ge",r!ca. - D#,ere%c#ac#7%= E e# m%me"t% a"a#ít!c%. E ee"c!a#me"te %erat!A%> e" e# @*e e a"a#!a" #% $!Aer% aect% $e #a %erAac!:" % #% re*#ta$% $e #a eFer!e"c!a. e $!ere"c!a" #% e#eme"t% !"tegra"te $e *" t%$% ; %r )#t!m%> e !"tegra" e" *" c%"*"t% m< c%m#e% @*e #a ercec!:" !"!c!a#.
í> e# %r$e" e" e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e# "!&% $ee !"!c!are $e# t%$% a #a arte> $e #% c%"%c!$% a #% $ec%"%c!$% ; $e #% c%"cret% a #% atract% =C%"% /%;#e?
SENTIDO ? SIGNIFICATIVIDAD DEL APRENDIAE = Ausu0el “esarrollos”) 3.1. COCEPTO /E PE/IWE II(ICTIKOD Pr%ce% %r e# @*e e re#ac!%"a #a "*eAa !"%rmac!:" c%" aect% ;a eF!te"te e" #a etr*ct*ra c%g"%c!t!Aa $e# *et%. Eta re#ac!:" $ee er !"te"c!%"a# ; re#eAa"te ara e# "*eA% are"$!ae. í e 3!
50
c%"tr*;e" =c%"tr*ct!A!m%? are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A%> e"#aa"$% c%"cet%> r%ce$!m!e"t% ; act!t*$e @*e e# a#*m"% %ee> c%" #% @*e e rete"$e" a$@*!r!r. 3.2.
ZLII /EL COCEPTO E# are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A% arte $e #% c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!% ; $e# "!Ae#
−
$e $earr%##% $e# a#*m"%. La act!A!$a$e $ee" art!r $e #a c%a @*e #% "!&% ;a ae" 'acer
−
a*t%m %!!#!tam% @*e #% a#*m"%
−
rea#!ce" are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A% %r í %#% =are"$er a are"$er?. C*#t!Aa" aí #a mem%r!a c%mre"!Aa> @*e !m#!ca @*e #% c%"te"!$% "% %" !m#eme"te ac*m*#a$% !"% @*e e !"tegra" e" re$e $e !g"!!ca$% c%m#ea. /ee %$er *t!#!are e" #a re%#*c!:" $e r%#ema e" !t*ac!%"e
−
$!t!"ta a a@*e##a e" @*e *er%" rea#!a$a ; erm!t!r eg*!r are"$!e"$% %r í %#%. 3.3.
I(LUECI /EL PE/IWE II(ICTIKO OBE LO COPOETE /EL CUCULO %re O8e#-o"= %" m< !m%rta"te @*e #% c%"te"!$% %r@*e #a a$@*!!c!:" $e *" are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A% m%$!!ca #a caac!$a$ $e are"$er. re"$er !g"!!cat!Aame"te e #a ma"era m< a$ec*a$a ara a#ca"ar #% %et!A% e$*cat!A%. %re Co%e%#&o"D /ee" ree"tare a #% a#*m"% $e %rma @*e *e$a" a!m!#are $e$e * c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!%> r%A%@*e" *"a act!A!$a$ m%t!Aa$%ra ; %r!g!"e" *" c%"#!ct% c%g"!t!A% @*e #e ##eAe a *" "!Ae# *er!%r $e c%"%c!m!e"t%.
%re E-aluac#7% - E" #a r*ea $e eAa#*ac!:" "% e trata $e @*e e# a#*m"% $!ga #% @*e ae !"%
@*e 'aga a#g% c%" #% @*e ae. - La eAa#*ac!:" $ee er $e caac!$a$e ; "% $e aere. - L% @*e 'a; @*e eAa#*ar e e# $earr%##% er%"a# $e# a#*m"% ; "*"ca $ee et!@*etar#e. - % :#% 'a; @*e eAa#*ar e# re*#ta$% !"% t%$% e# r%ce%> a$em< $e #a r%!a tarea $e# e$*ca$%r> #% m,t%$%> mater!a#eG
%re Alu0%o U" c#ar% are"$!ae !"!c!a# aA%rece e# rec*er$% ; #a rec%"tr*cc!:" $e #a eFer!e"c!a. -
/ee te"er $ee% $e are"$er ; $e *t!#!ar #% are"$!$%. 51
-
/ee a"a#!ar #% e#eme"t% $e ca$a !t*ac!:" ara %$er etr*ct*rar#%. /ee eFer!me"tar> r%ar> re*"!r> etc.
-
/ee are"$er $e *" m%$% re#ac!%"a$%.
%re Pro,e"or - La #a%r $%ce"te ;a "% c%"!te :#% e" tra"m!t!r c%"%c!m!e"t% !"% e"D •
/ec*r!r #% aere reA!% ; #% eta$!% eA%#*t!A% $e# a#*m"% ara e"%car #a act!A!$a$e.
•
*c!tar e# c%"#!ct% c%g"!t!A% @*e r%A%@*e e" e# a#*m"% #a "ece!$a$ $e m%$!!car * e@*ema me"ta#e.
•
er caa $e r%%rc!%"ar a# a#*m"% *" "*eA% mater!a# @*e #e a;*$e a ree@*!#!rar e% e@*ema me"ta#e.
- /ee 'acer "%tar #a re#ac!%"e e"tre #% c%"%c!m!e"t% ; * a#!ca!#!$a$. - /ee e"e&ar t,c"!ca $e traa% @*e !rAa" ara %rga"!ar #% c%"%c!m!e"t%. - /ee #%grar e" e# a#*m"% *"a act!t*$ %!t!Aa 'ac!a e# are"$!ae.
UNA METODOLOG4A BASADA EN LA OBSERVACIÓN ? EN LA EPERIMENTACIÓN 4.1. ETO/OLO B/ E L OBEKCI T5 2.
4.2. ETO/OLO B/ E L E[PEIETCI T5 3. CONCRECIÓN EN EL MARCO DEL PRO?ECTO CURRICULAR (Caa roa %I 7%C!, 199/)
5.1.
ETO/OLO LOBLIW/OD QUE E /EOLL E TOO U TE O POSECTO /e"tr% $e #% m,t%$% g#%a#!a$%> #% m< $etaca#e %" #% Ce%ro" &e I%er9" > Pro/eco" &e ra8ao ; M9o&o &e +ro+ue"a" . Et% m,t%$% e $earr%##a" e"t%r"% a *" tema % r%;ect% !"terea"te ara e# a#*m"% ; @*e erm!ta traaar $!Aer% c%"te"!$%> reer!$% a $!t!"ta a art!r $e #% c*a#e e a%r$a" c%"cet%> r%ce$!m!e"t% ; act!t*$e re#ac!%"a$% c%" e# ")c#e% tem t%$% traaa" a #a Ae %re #% m!m%. (aA%rece" e# are"$!ae c%%erat!A% ;a @*e e "ecear!% @*e #% "!&% e c%%r$!"e" ara a#ca"ar *" %et!A% c%m)". E# ae# $e# maetr% e e# $e %r!e"ta$%r> r%A%ca$%r $e c%"#!ct% ; ca"a#!a$%r $e #a a%rtac!%"e $e #% a#*m"%. E e# "!&% @*!e" *ega e# ae# m< !m%rta"te. I.
POSECTO /E TBO =(ae? 52
1.
E#ecc!:" ; %rga"!ac!:"
2.
B*car> a"a#!ar> c%"tratar> !"terretarG ara
tra"%rmar
#a
!"%rmac!:"
e"
c%"%c!m!e"t%. 3. II.
CETO /E ITE =(ae? Fa"e &e +re+arac#7%= /!ag":t!c% $e #a caracterít!ca 1. !"$!A!$*a#e $e #% "!&%> $eterm!"ac!:" $e #% c%"te"!$% e" t%r"% a# ce"tr% $e !"ter,> #a"!!cac!:" $e act!A!$a$e ; rearac!:" $e# mater!a#. 2.
III.
í"te! ; eAa#*ac!:"
Fa"e &e &e"arrollo= Pree"tac!:" g#%a# $e# ce"tr% $e !"ter, $e %rma m%t!Aa$%ra> g*!ar #a act!A!$a$e #a"!!ca$a ; eAa#*ar me$!a"te #a %erAac!:" e# !"ter, ; #a ca#!$a$ $e are"$!ae $e# a#*m"a$%.
TO/O /E POPUET =(ae? I%#c#a0o" la +ro+ue"a= E" #a aam#ea $e ac%g!$a> 1. me$!a"te e# $!<#%g%> e $ec!$e e# tema @*e er< #a r%*eta $e traa% $e# $ía. L*eg% e A!Ae"c!a #a r%*eta> ara #% @*e e re@*!ere *" am!e"te a$ec*a$% ; #eF!#e. C*a"$% e# *eg% $ecae> e !g*e c%" #a aam#ea $%"$e e# maetr% reg*"ta %re #% @*e 'a %c*rr!$%. La ae term!"a c%" #a eFre!:" #<t!ca $e #% A!A!$% ; c%metar!% c%" e# r%e%r. 2.
Se$u%&a ,a"e= e rea#!a" ta##ere $%"$e e a%rta" t,c"!ca ; $etrea @*e am#íe" #a caac!$a$ $e reree"tac!:" $e# gr*%. P%ter!%rme"te e rea#!a *"a aam#ea $%"$e e $a a c%"%cer e# traa%.
3.
Tercera ,a"e= ! #a r%*eta ma"t!e"e e# !"ter, $e #% a#*m"%> e #a"!!car<" A!!ta =$e# gr*% a# eFter!%r % $e a#g*!e" a# a*#a? @*e e#ecc!%"e ; a%rte mater!a#e @*e e"r!@*eca" #a r%*eta.
5.2. ICOE S TLLEED e *e$e r%m%Aer e# *eg% c%m% rec*r% $!$ !"$!A!$*a#e % e" e@*e&% gr*%> a#re$e$%r $e *"% c%"te"!$% $e are"$!ae m< eecí!c%. E# ee c%"$*ct%r *e#e er c%"te"!$% ata"te eecí!c%> a*"@*e #a act!A!$a$e @*e e $earr%##a" !"tegra" c%"te"!$% $e $!t!"t%
La !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa e aa e" reg*"ta ; re*eta a art!r $e #a !"teracc!:" art!c*#ar $e ca$a "!&% c%" #% %et%. • Tallere"= * %et!A% e rea#!ar act!A!$a$e ec*e"c!a$a ca$a Ae m< c%m#ea> @*e
!m#!ca" #a a$@*!!c!:" $e c!erta t,c"!ca. E# maetr% g*ía #a act!A!$a$> r%%rc!%"a"$% mater!a#e "ecear!% ara e# ta##er. 5.3.
COTE[TO LOBLIW/OD %" act!A!$a$e @*e e ret%ma" c%"t!"*ame"te> %r #% @*e !rAe" $e !t*ac!:" %rga"!a$%ra ara e# "!&%> et% aeg*ra * r
c%"te"!$% ;a @*e #% "!&% $ee" !r aAa"a"$%. I"c#*;e" #a r*t!"a> #a act!A!$a$e $e ac%g!$a ; e# earc!m!e"t%> ; #a re#ac!%"a$a c%" #a at!acc!:" $e "ece!$a$e <!ca.
TEMA 1 1. La +ro$ra0ac#7% e% el 1er c#clo &e EI =Caa +oa el 7%C) 1.1. /e#!m!tac!:" c%"cet*a# 1.2. T!% $e r%gramac!:" 1.3. Cr!ter!% $e r%gramac!:" 2. O8e#-o" co%e%#&o" / 0eo&olo$!a a&ecua&a +ara lo" %#'o" &e : a'o" 2.1. /e!"!c!%"e 2.2. Oet!A% ; c%"te"!$% 2.2.1. Oet!A% 2.2.2. C%"te"!$% 2.3. et%$%#%gía a$ec*a$a a# 1er c!c#% %r
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
54
TEMA 1 LA PROGRAMACIÓN EN EL 1 CICLO DE EI (Caa +oa el 7%C) 1.1. /ELIITCI COCEPTUL Pro$ra0ar e reAer> r%;ectar a#g% ara *" *t*r% !"me$!at% % me$!at%. E# /. 1330M91 eta#ece #a "ece!$a$ $e #a r%gramac!:" e" eta etaa c%m% re@*!!t% reA!% ara !temat!ar #a acc!:" e$*cat!Aa. L% e#eme"t% *"$ame"ta#e $e t%$a r%gramac!:" %" %et!A%> c%"te"!$%> met%$%#%gía> act!A!$a$e> rec*r% ; eAa#*ac!:". 1.
1.2. •
TIPO /E POCI P%r e# t!em% $e tratam!e"t%D Lar$a= # c%m!e"% $e ca$a a&% a. e# e@*!% $%ce"te $e c!c#% e#a%ra * #a"!!cac!:" ge"era# =Pr%g. $e c!c#% % $e a&%?. Eta aarca t%$a #a act!A!$a$e =$e %rma g#%a#?@*e e rea#!ar<" $*ra"te e# c*r% eg)" *"a $eterm!"a$a $!%!c!:" %rga"!at!Aa. /ee art!r $e #a e#ecc!:" $e $eterm!"a$% Ce"tr% $e I"ter, =/ecr%#;? a#re$e$%r $e #% @*e g!rar<" #a
Cora= U"!$a$ $!$
• OtraD E" t%r"% a #a "ece!$a$e A!ta#e $e #% "!&% =a#!me"tac!:"> *e&%> a#*$G?> e"
t%r"% a caac!$a$e re#eAa"te $e# $earr%##% í@*!c%Mí!c% $e #% a#*m"% =%c!a#!ac!:"> #e"g*aeG? ; e" t%r"% a m%$e#% $!$ ta##ereG. 1.3. √
CITEIO /E POCI E" e# /. 1330M91 =%r e# @*e e eta#ece" #% aect% <!c% $e# c*rríc*#%? ; e" e# /. 19M92 =%r e# @*e e eta#ece e# c*rríc*#% $e EI e" #a CK? "% e eta#ece" %r!e"tac!%"e ara eta#ecer %et!A%> c%"te"!$% ; met%$%#%gía e" ete c!c#%> %r #% @*e #% e@*!% $e c!c#% a$atar<" e# c*rríc*#% me$!a"te #a e#a%rac!:" $e Pr%;ect% c*rr!c*#are @*e a$ec*ar<" %et!A% ; c%"te"!$% $e ca$a etaa a# c%"teFt% $e# ce"tr%> a #a caracterít!ca $e# a#*m"a$%> cr!ter!% met%$%#:g!c% ge"era#e ; $ec!!%"e %re #a eAa#*ac!:". 55
√
(aeD /I-P--E
√
"te $e r%gramar> e# e@*!% $%ce"te $eeD acer *" $!ag":t!c% $e #% a#*m"% =c%"%cer *
-
act!t*$e> !"teree> eta$% í!c%G? -
acer *" et*$!% $e# me$!% í!c%> ec%":m!c%> am!#!ar ; %c!a# e" @*e e $ee"A*e#Ae"
-
EFam!"ar
#a
%!!#!$a$e
$e#
ce"tr%
=!"ta#ac!%"e> mater!a#e> r%e%ra$%G? -
Te"er e" c*e"ta #% ac*er$% t%ma$% e" e# PEC ; PCC %r e# c#a*tr% $e r%e%re.
√
Para ec*e"c!ar #% e#eme"t% c*rr!c*#are e" #a r%gramac!:" cae te"er e" c*e"ta #% !g*!e"te +r#%c#+#o"D - E" ete c!c#% e !m%rta"te te"er e" c*e"ta ara r%gramar @*e e trata $e *"a etaa !"tegra$a> %r@*e e# $earr%##% $e# "!&% e *" r%ce% c%"t!"*% e" e# @*e "% e ; %r@*e #% cam!% "% e r%$*ce" $e *" m%$% *"!%rme e" t%$% #% "!&%. Para r%gramar e" e# 1er c!c#% e $ee %rga"!ar $e %rma r!%r!tar!a e" t%r"% a #a r*t!"a ; "ece!$a$e <!ca =ee g#%a#!a$%r? - Part!r $e# c%"%c!m!e"t% eA%#*t!A% $e #% "!&% ; * caracterít!caD
- C%"t!"*!$a$ ; r%gre!:" a #% #arg% $e #% c*r% 56
- I"terre#ac!:" $e c%"te"!$% e"tre #% $e# m!m% ; $!t!"t% e@*!#!r!% ; aert*ra?
OBETIVOS CONTENIDOS ? METODOLOG4A ADECUADA PARA LOS NIÑOS DE : AÑOS 2.1. /E(IICIOE • O8e#-o= E #a !"a#!$a$ @*e e# maetr% e r%%"e a#ca"ar c%" * a#*m"%. *.
• Co%e%#&o= L% @*e e e"e&a> e# %et% $e are"$!ae. I"tr*me"t% @*e erm!te a #%
a#*m"% $earr%##ar #a caac!$a$e rec%g!$a e" #% %et!A%. •
Meo&olo$!a= E e# m%$% $e %rar> e# cam!"% @*e ##eAa a #a c%"ec*c!:" $e *"
!". 2.2.
OBETIKO S COTEI/O O8e#-o"= E" e# 1N c!c#% $e EI $e$e e# ce"tr% r%c*rarem% @*e e a$@*!era" #% 1N !"tr*me"t% "ecear!% ara act*ar e" * e"t%r"% !"me$!at%> @*e !e"ta" c*!erta * "ece!$a$e <!ca ; *e$a" eFrear#a c%" #% me$!% a * a#ca"ce ; $ee"A%#Aere re#at!Aame"te a*t:"%m% e" #% c%"teFt% m< c%"%c!$% =caa> ec*e#a? $e"tr% $e *" c#!ma $e eg*r!$a$ ; aect%.
T%ma"$% c%m% reere"c!a #% %et!A% ge"era#e $e etaa @*e $!cta #a LOE e" * art.8 ca.I =$e #a EI?> #% r%ce% $e e"e&a"a-are"$!ae $e# 1er c!c#% $e EI te"$r<" c%m% %et!A% =CO?D A$@*!r!r r%gre!Aame"te *"a ma;%r a*t%"%mía e" * act!A!$a$e 'a!t*a#e
R e#ac!%"are c%" #% $em< a traA, $e #a $!t!"ta %rma $e eFre!:" ; c%m*"!cac!:"
C%"%cer * c*er% ; * %!!#!$a$e $e acc!:" O erAar ; eF#%rar * e"t%r"% "at*ra#> am!#!ar ; %c!a#. Co%e%#&o"= em% %rga"!a$% #% co%e%#&o" e" 3 gra"$e
57
1. I$e"t!$a$ ; *t%"%mía er%"a#D ace reere"c!a a# r%gre!A% c%"%c!m!e"t% $e í m!m%> a #a a*t%!mage" @*e e crea a art!r $e ete c%"%c!m!e"t%> e" $e!"!t!Aa a# ;% $e# "!&%. ^ Bloque" &e co%e%#&o
- E# c*er% ; #a r%!a !mage"
/. 1330M91
- *eg% ; m%A!m!e"t% - La act!A!$a$ ; #a A!$a c%t!$!a"a - E# c*!$a$% $e *"% m!m%
2. e$!% í!c% ; %c!a#D ace reere"c!a a# r%gre!A% c%"%c!m!e"t% ; $%m!"!% $e# m*"$% @*e #e r%$ea =ta"t% í!c% c%m% %c!a#? ^Bloque" &e co%e%#&o
- L% r!mer% gr*% %c!a#e - La A!$a e" %c!e$a$ - L% %et% - "!ma#e ; #a"ta
3. C%m*"!cac!:" ; reree"tac!:"D !rAe $e "eF% e"tre #% 2 a"ter!%re. ace reere"c!a a #% m*#t!#e"g*ae @*e !rAe" $e !"tr*me"t% ara reree"tar> c%m*"!carG e"t!m!e"t%> A!Ae"c!aG
WBloque" &e co%e%#&o
- Le"g*ae %ra#
- r%F!mac!:" a# #e"g*ae ecr!t% =*t!!car !t? - e#ac!%"e> me$!$a ; reree"tac!:" e" e# eac!% - EFre!:" #<t!ca> m*!ca# ; c%r%ra#
EF!te" 3 t!% $e c%"te"!$% $e"tr% $e# r%ce% e$*cat!A%D 1. C%"te"!$% c%"cet*a#eD ace" reere"c!a a #% c%"cet% ; "%c!%"e @*e !rAe" a #% "!&% ara !"terretar ; c%"%cer #a rea#!$a$. 2. C%"te"!$% r%ce$!me"ta#eD ace" reere"c!a a# c%"*"t% $e acc!%"e =etrateg!a> 'a!#!$a$e % rec*r%? e"cam!"a$a a c%"eg*!r *"a meta. 3.
2.3.
C%"te"!$% act!t*$!"a#eD ace" reere"c!a a #a "%rma> Aa#%re ; act!t*$e @*e r%gre!Aame"te !r<" a#ca"a"$% #% "!&%.
ETO/OLO /ECU/ L 1N CICLO PO ZED La %r!e"tac!%"e met%$%#:g!ca a eg*!r re@*!ere" *"a c%"crec!:" $e ac*er$% a #a $ec!!%"e t%ma$a e" e# PCC. /e$e e# /.1333M91 e eta#ece"D
La +er"+ec#-a $lo8al#6a&ora e er!#a c%m% #a m< !$:"ea 58
ara e# tratam!e"t% $e #% $!t!"t% c%"te"!$%. L% ")c#e% e" t%r"% a #% @*e e traaa" #%
-
c%"te"!$% $ee" eta#ecere art!e"$% $e #% !"teree $e #% "!&%. -
L% are"$!ae $ee" er !g"!!cat!A%> %r #% @*e 'a" $e art!r $e #% @*e #% a#*m"% c%"%ce" ; c%"ectar c%" * !"teree.
-
La act!A!$a$ e #a *e"te r!"c!a# $e are"$!ae e" #a !"a"c!a.
- e 'a" $e %te"c!ar !t*ac!%"e $%"$e #% "!&% *e$a" ma"!*#ar> eF#%rarG r%%rc!%"a"$% eFer!e"c!a Aar!a$a @*e #e erm!ta" c%"tr*!r * r%!% c%"%c!m!e"t%. - e $ee retar eec!a# ate"c!:" a# *eg%> m%t%r $e $earr%##% e" * aect% em%c!%"a#e> !"te#ect*a#e ; %c!a#e. - te"c!:" a #a %rga"!ac!:" eac!a# $e# ce"tr% ; $e# a*#a ara erm!t!r #a creac!:" $e *" c#!ma @*e ac!#!te e# $earr%##% $e #% are"$!ae. -
Eec!a# e"!!#!$a$ e" #% 1N c%"tact% c%" #a ec*e#a> #a"!!ca"$% a$ec*a$ame"te e# erí%$% $e a$atac!:"
-
te"c!:" a *"a %rga"!ac!:" tem%ra# reet*%a c%" #% r!tm% "at*ra#e $e #% a#*m"% $e eta e$a$e.
A1. E" ete c!c#% e *"$ame"ta# gara"t!ar *"a re#ac!:" m*; etrec'a ,a0#l#a:e"cuela ara gara"t!ar @*e #% e*er% @*e rea#!a" ama c%"t!t*;e" etím*#% r%m%t%re $e $earr%##%. La caracterít!ca eecí!ca $e et% "!&% 'ace !mrec!"$!#e #a ate"c!:" $e #a er%"a @*e #e c*!$a" ara "a#",acer "u" %ece"#&a&e" <!ca. /e$e e# "ac!m!e"t% rec!e" !"%rmac!:" $e# m*"$% eFter!%r a traA, $e# c*er%> #% "e%#&o" %" #a *e"te $e c%"%c!m!e"t% m< eA!$e"te er% e# 0o-#0#e%o a%rta * r%!a !"%rmac!%"e> tam!," acerca $e * %!!#!$a$e ; #!m!tac!%"e =#a $!%!c!:" eac!a# ; mater!a# $e #a ec*e#a $ee c*r!r * "ece!$a$e $e m%A!m!e"t%?. La -#&a e% $ru+o #e !rAe ara * rec%"%c!m!e"t% c%m% !"$!A!$*%> rec%"%c!m!e"t% $e %tr% "!&% ; a$*#t% $e #a ec*e#a. A*. # 'a#ar $e e"t%r"% "% reer!m% a #% am!e"te $%"$e tra"c*rre 'a!t*a#me"te #a A!$a $e #% "!&%. E" e# $earr%##% $e #% "!&% %" $ec!!A% #% etím*#% ree"te e" * e"t%r"% ; #% !"tercam!% @*e rea#!a c%" #% a$*#t%. La !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa $ee %r!e"tare a et!m*#ar #a acc!:" ; eF#%rac!:" $e #% $!ere"te %et% ; mater!a#e. A. La "ece!$a$ $e c%m*"!cac!:" e m*; *erte e" #% "!&% $e eta e$a$e> e# e, $ema"$a c%"ta"teme"te $e ,or0a %o e;+l!c#a #a c%m*"!cac!:" c%" e# a$*#t%. /e a'í #a 59
!m%rta"c!a $e @*e e# a$*#t% !"terrete eta $ema"$a ; re%"$a a$ec*a$ame"te me$!a"te e# c%"tact% c%r%ra# ; A!*a#. L% "!&% $e# 1er c!c#% e eFrea" a traA, $e m!ra$a> mím!ca> get%G e# a$*#t% $ee erma"ecer ate"t% ara ar%Aec'ar t%$% #% m%me"t% $e c%m*"!cac!:" $*a#. %" act*ac!%"e e$*cat!Aa $e eec!a# !m%rta"c!a c%m*"!cat!Aa ara e# "!&% e# ac%ma&ar#% e" * *eg%> catar * $ee%> ec*c'ar#eG E%"e'ar a (a8lar a #% "!&% e c%"A!erte e" *" %et!A% ee"c!a# $e #a acc!:" e$*cat!Aa e" ete c!c#%> e# e$*ca$%r $ee *c!tar e" ca$a "!&% e# $ee% $e 'a#ar ; a#e"tar #a c%m*"!cac!%"e e"tre e##%. E# e$*ca$%r $ee 'a#ar $e ma"era c#ara ; e"c!##a *t!#!a"$% *"a #e"g*a c%rrecta ; @*e eF#!c!te !g"!!ca$%> ete #e"g*ae Aera# e c%mre"$e me%r ! Aa ac%ma&a$% $e e#eme"t% eFre!A% "% #!"gít!c% =e"t%"ac!:"> get%G?. L% "!&% a eta e$a$ "ece!ta" @*e e $!r!a" a e##% !"$!A!$*a#me"te ; %r * "%mre> t!e"e" $!!c*#ta$ ara catar #a c%"!g"a $a$a c%#ect!Aame"te. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ! 'a; t!em% 'a#ar $e EKLUCI \\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
TEMA 12
1. La +ro$ra0ac#7% e% el * c#clo &e EI =Caa +oa el 7%C) 1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
/e#!m!tac!:" c%"cet*a# Pr%ce% $e r%gramac!:" Cr!ter!% ara r%gramar
*. O8e#-o" co%e%#&o" / +ro+ue"a" 0eo&ol7$#ca" 0" a&ecua&a" +ara el c#clo 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.
/e!"!c!%"e Oet!A% C%"te"!$% et%$%#%gía
. D#"#%a" u%#&a&e" &e +ro$ra0ac#7% =Caa +oa el 7%C) 3.1. 3.2.
T!% $e r%gramac!:" (ae 60
curr#culare" / -!a" &e coor&#%ac#7% 2. La co%#%u#&a& e%re la EI / Pr#0ar#a= Me&#&a" curr#culare" 4.1. 4.1. 4.2 4.2. 4.3.
La c%" c%"t!" t!"*!$ *!$a$ a$ c%m% c%m% r!"c r!"c!! !!%% $e $e c%'e c%'ere" re"c!a c!a e$* e$*ca cat!A t!Aaa /!! /!!c* c*#t #taa$e $e r! r!"c "c! !aa#e #e Kía $e c%%r$!"ac!:"
E+!lo$o - C!ta #e #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 12 LA PROGRAMACIÓN EN EL * CICLO DE EI (Caa +oa el 7%C) 1.1. /ELIITCI COCEPTUL : Pro$ Pro$ra ra0a 0arr e r%;ectar a#g% ara *" *t*r% !"me$!at% % me$!at%. E# ./. 1330M91 eta#ece #a "ece!$a$ $e r%gramar c%m% re@*!!t% reA!% ara !temat!ar #a acc!:" e$*cat!Aa. E# c%"teFt% $e r%gramac!:" A!e"e marca$% %r e# /CB ; #% $ecret% c%rre%"$!e"te $e ca$a C.*t:"%ma @*e #% $earr%##a". E" ete c!c#%> 'a; @*e te"er e" c*e"ta ara r%gramar @*e e trata $e *"a ea+a #%e$ra&a =e# $earr%##% $e# "!&% e *" r%ce% c%"t!"*% $%"$e "% e
1.
1.2 1.2.
POC POCE EO /E L L P PO O C CI I D "t "tee $e r% r%ggram ramar> ar> e# e@ e@*! *!% $%c $%ce"te "te $eeD a? acer acer *" $!ag":t $!ag":t!c% !c% $e #% a#*m"% a#*m"% =c%"%c =c%"%cer er * act!t* act!t*$e $e>> !"tere !"teree e> > eta$% eta$% í!c%G? 61
? acer *" et*$!% $e# me$!% í!c%> ec%":m!c%> am!#!ar ; %c!a# e" @*e e $ee"A*e#Ae". c? EFam!"ar EFam!"ar #a %!!#!$a$ %!!#!$a$e e $e# ce"tr% =!"ta#ac! =!"ta#ac!%"e %"e>> mater!a#e> mater!a#e> r%e%ra$% r%e%ra$%G? G? $? Te"er "er e" c*e"t c*e"taa #% #% ac*e ac*er$ r$% % t%ma$ t%ma$% % e" e# PEC ; PCC PCC %r %r e# c#a* c#a*tr% tr% $e r%e%re.
JD#>ag":t!c% $e #% a#*m"% =act!t*$e> !"teree> $etrea? reA!% a #a
=P>r%gramac!:"> #a = A>cc!:"> #a =E>Aa#*ac!:" 1.3 1.3.
CIT CITE EIO IO P P PO O DD Para Para ##e ##eAAar a ca% #a #a ec ec*e"c *e"c!a !acc!:" !:" $e #% #% e#eme"t% c*rr!c*#are e" #a r%gramac!:" cae te"er e" c*e"ta #% !g*!e"te +r#%c#+#o"D - E" ete c!c#% c!c#% e !m%rta"te !m%rta"te te"er te"er e" c*e"ta c*e"ta ara r%grama r%gramarr @*e e trata $e *"a etaa etaa !"tegra$a> %r@*e e# $earr%##% $e# "!&% e *" r%ce% c%"t!"*% e" e# @*e "% e ; %r@*e #% cam!% "% e r%$*ce" $e *" m%$% *"!%rme e" t%$% #% "!&%. -
Part! Part!rr $e# $e# c%"% c%"%c! c!m! m!e" e"t% t% eA% eA%#* #*t! t!A% A% $e $e #% #% "!&% "!&% ; * * car carac acte terí rít!c t!ca a
-
C%"t C% "t!" !"*! *!$a $a$$ ; r%g r%gre re! !:" :" a #% #% #ar #arg% g% $e #% #% c*r c*r% %
-
I"terr I"terre#a e#ac!: c!:"" $e c%" c%"te" te"!$% !$% e"tr e"tree #% #% $e# $e# m!m% m!m% ; $!t! $!t!"t% "t%
-
P#a"te P#a"team! am!e"t e"t%% 1N ge" ge"era era## ; #*eg% #*eg% ce"t ce"tr<" r<"$%" $%"% % e" ca$a ca$a *"% $e * * e#em e#eme"t e"t% %
-
(E =(#e =(#eFF!!# !!#!$ !$aa$> e@*! e@*!#! #!r!% r!% ; ae aert*r rt*raa? 62
OBE OBETI TIVO VOS S CO CONT NTEN ENID IDOS OS ? PROP PROPUE UEST STA AS METO METODO DOLO LOG4 G4CA CAS S M@S M@S ADECUADAS PARA EL CICLO 2.1. /E(IICIOE O8e O8e# #-o -o== E #a !"a !"a#! #!$a $a$$ @*e @*e e# mae maetr tr%% e r%%"e a#ca"ar a#ca"ar c%" * a#*m"%. a#*m"%.
2.
2.2.
-
Co%e% e%#&o= I"t I"tr* r*me me"t "t%% @*e @*e erm erm!t !tee a #% #% a#*m"% $earr%##ar #a caac!$a$e rec%g!$a e" #% %et!A%.
-
Meo&olo$!a= E e# m%$% $e %rar> e# cam!"% @*e ##eAa a #a c%"ec*c!:" $e *" !". OBETIKO - E" e# 2N c!c#% e 'ace 'ace '!"ca '!"ca!, !, e" e# #%gr% $e '<!t% '<!t% $e $e a*t%"%mía a*t%"%mía>> '!g!e"eG '!g!e"eG ; e" #a c%"tr*cc!:" $e *" a*t%c%"cet% %!t!A%> e" e# c%"%c!m!e"t% r%gre!A% $e #a cara caract cter erí ít! t!ca ca $e# $e# me$! me$!%% í! í!c% c% ; %c! %c!a# a#>> e# tra traa a%% $e #a #a caa caac! c!$a $a$e $e $e c%m*"!cac!:" ; reree"tac!:"> etc. - T%ma"$ T%ma"$%% c%m% reere"c!a reere"c!a #% %et!A% %et!A% ge"era# ge"era#e e $e etaa @*e $!cta $!cta #a LOE e" * art.8> #% r%ce% $e e"e&a"a-are"$!ae $e# 2N c!c#% $e EI te"$r<" c%m% %et!A%D A$@*!r!r r%gre!Aame"te *"a ma;%r a*t%"%mía e" * act!A!$a$e 'a!t*a#e
R e#ac!%"ar e#ac!%"are e c%" #% $em< a traA, traA, $e #a $!t!"ta $!t!"ta %rma $e eFre!:" ; c%m*"!cac!:"
C%"%cer * c*er% ; * %!!#!$a$e $e acc!:" O erAar ; eF#%rar * e"t%r"% "at*ra#> am!#!ar ; %c!a#. 2.3.
COTEI/O - L% L% co%e%#&o" e&uca#-o" e %rga"!a" e" ae a 3 gra"$e
I$e"t!$a$ ; *t%"%mía er%"a#D ace reere"c!a a# ;% $e# "!&%. Pr%gre!A% c%"%c!m!e"t% $e í m!m%> a*t%!mage" @*e e crea a art!r $e ete c%"%c!m!e"t%G
Bloque" &e co%e%#&o= E# c*er% ; #a r%!a r%!a !mage"M *eg% ; m%A!m!e"t%M m%A!m!e"t%M La act!A!$a$ act!A!$a$ ; #a A!$a c%t!$!a"aM E# c*!$a$% $e *"% m!m%. 2.
e$!% í!c% ; %c!a#D ace reere"c!a a# r%gre!A% c%"%c!m!e"t% ; $%m!"!% $e# m*"$% @*e #e r%$ea =ta"t% í!c% c%m% %c!a#?.
Bloque" &e co%e%#&o= L% r!mer% gr*% %c!a#eM %c!a#eM La A!$a e" e" %c!e$a$M %c!e$a$M L% %et%M "!ma#e "!ma#e ; #a"ta. 63
3.
C%m*"!cac!:" ; reree"tac!:"D !rAe $e "eF% e"tre #% 2 a"ter!%re. ace reere"c!a a #% m*#t!#e"g*ae @*e !rAe" $e !"tr*me"t% ara reree"tar> c%m*"!carG e"t!m!e"t%> A!Ae"c!aG
Bloque" &e co%e%#&o= Le"g*ae %ra#M EFre!:" #<t!caM EFre!:" m*!ca#M EFre!:" c%r%ra#M e#ac!%"e> me$!$a ; reree"tac!:" e" e# eac!%. - P*e$e" er c%"cet*a#e =reere"te a #% c%"cet% ; "%c!%"e?> r%ce$!me"ta#e =reere"te a #a acc!%"e> etrateg!a> 'a!#!$a$eG? ; act!t*$!"a#e =reere"te a #a "%rma> Aa#%re ; act!t*$e?. 2.4.
ETO/OLOD eg)" e# / 1333M91 U"a erect!Aa g#%a#!a$%ra. -
L% are"$!ae $ee" er !g"!!cat!A%> %r #% @*e $ee" art!r $e c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!% ; c%"ectar * !"teree.
-
La act!A!$a$ ; e# *eg% %" e# r!"c!a# m%t%r ara e# are"$!ae.
- P%te"c!ar !t*ac!%"e ; t!em% $%"$e #% "!&% $earr%##e" * caac!$a$e $e ma"!*#ar> eF#%rarGr%%rc!%"a"$% eFer!e"c!a Aar!a$a ara c%"tr*!r * r%!% c%"%c!m!e"t%. - te"c!:" a #a %rga"!ac!:" eac!a# =ara crear *" c#!ma am!e"ta# r%!c!% ara e# are"$!ae? ; tem%ra# =reet*%a c%" e# r!tm% "at*ra# $e #% "!&%?. -
P#a"!!car
a$ec*a$ame"te
e#
erí%
%$$e
a$atac!:"
DISTINTAS UNIDADES DE PROGRAMACIÓN (Caa +oa el 7%C) 3.1. TIPO /E POCI • P%r e# t!em% $e tratam!e"t%D 3.
a?
Lar$a= # c%m!e"% $e ca$a a&% e# e@*!% $%ce"te $e c!c#% e#a%ra * #a"!!cac!:" ge"era# =Pr%g. $e c!c#% % $e a&%?. arca t%$a #a act!A!$a$e =$e %rma g#%a#?@*e e rea#!ar<" $*ra"te e# c*r%. Parte $e #a e#ecc!:" $e *"% $eterm!"a$% Ce"tr% $e I"ter, =/ecr%#;? a#re$e$%r $e #% @*e g!rar<" #a 3
?
Cora= UU.//. Prete"$e c%"cretar #a r%gramac!:" #arga e" #% a#*m"% $e ca$a a*#a c%" *"a tem%ra#!ac!:" m< c%rta =@*!"ce"a % me?. La e#a%ra ca$a r%e%r =% r%e%re $e# m!m% "!Ae#?.
64
• E" t%r"% a #a %ece"#&a&e" A!ta#e $e #% "!&% =a#!me"tac!:"> *e&%G?> e" t%r"% a
ca+ac#&a&e" re#eAa"te $e# $earr%##% =%c!a#!ac!:"> #e"g*aeG? ; e" t%r"% a 0o&elo" &#&c#co" =r!"c%"e> ta##ereG? 3.2.
(E -
(ae
$e
Pre+arac#7%
=Pr%gramac!:">
1
re*"!%"e c%" a$re> re#eF!:" %re #a $ec!!%"e ac%r$a$aG?
De"arrollo =ec%g!$a $e c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!%>
-
$eterm!"ac!:" $e !"tr*me"t% $e rec%g!$a $e %erAac!%"eG?
E-aluac#7% =e#eF!:" %reD e# r%ce%> #a
-
a$ec*ac!:" $e #a *"!$a$> #a !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa> #a $!!c*#ta$eG?
LA CONTINUIDAD ENTRE LA EI ? PRIMARIA= MEDIDAS CURRICULARES ? V4AS DE COORDINACIÓN 4.1. L COTIUI// COO PICIPIO /E COEECI E/UCTIKD E# /. 1330M91 eta#ece #% aect% <!c% $e# c*rríc*#% $e EI e !"$!ca @*e e# a% $e EI a EP $ee er *"a c%"t!"*!$a$ e" #a e$*cac!:" rec!!$a> !" r*t*ra> ara e##% ama etaa 'a" $e etar e" etrec'a c%%r$!"ac!:"> aeg*ra"$% #% meca"!m% $e e"#ace> ara @*e #a tra"!c!:" te"ga e#eme"t% $e c%"t!"*!$a$> *"t% c%" %tr% $e $!ere"c!ac!:". 4.
4.2.
/I(ICULT/E PICIPLED E !"terea"te rea#tar #a $!!c*#ta$e @*e "!&% ; maetr% t!e"e" c*a"$% eta c%"t!"*!$a$ "% eF!te> me$!a"te 2 ca% %!#eD a; "!&% @*e aa"$%"a" * ce"tr% e$*cat!A% =ara !"tegrare e" %tr%? %r@*e "% eF!te EP % 2N c!c#% $e EI. Et% *%"e cam!ar $e c%ma&er% ; r%e%r> c%a @*e traer< c%"ec*e"c!a aect!Aa> %c!a#e> er%"a#e ; e$ag:g!ca ara ,#> ; "ece!tar< *" er!%$% $e a$atac!:" a"te $e !"!c!ar * are"$!ae. E# r%#ema *rge c*a"$% e# r%;ect% e$*cat!A% ; met%$%#:g!c% $e Pr!mar!a e m*; $!t!"t% a# $e EI. E# "!&% "% e"c*e"tra "!"g*"a re#ac!:" e"tre #a eFer!e"c!a $e #a ec*e#a !"a"t!# ; #% @*e rea#!a e" r!mar!a> #% @*e c%"tr!*;e a @*e e# "!&% "% e a$ate a$ec*a$ame"te ca*<"$%#e $!ere"te r%#ema @*e *e$e" %te"c!ar *"a !t*ac!:" $e raca% ec%#ar. P%r e##%> @*e$a c#ara #a "ece!$a$ $e *"a í"t!ma re#ac!:" e"tre ama etaa. La me$!$a c*rr!c*#are a# reect% %"D C%"t!"*!$a$
e"
e#
Pr%;ect% C*rr!c*#ar $e Etaa> c%%r$!"ac!:" a art!r $e 65
t%$%
#%
e#eme"t% c*rr!c*#are $e# m!m%.
C%'ere"c!a e"
#%
cr!ter!% e$ag:g!c% ;
e"
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r%gre!:" $e r%grama.
e#ac!:" e"tre e# t!% $e act!A!$a$e ; mater!a#e *t!#!a$%.
I"tercam!% e"tre
#%
e@*!% $%ce"te gara"t!a"$% #a c%'ere"c!a Aert!ca#
$e#
!tema e$*cat!A%.
Pa*ta %rga"!at!Aa emea"te
L% "!&% c%"t!")a" e" e# m!m% ce"tr% %r eF!t!r etaa $e E$*cac!:" Pr!mar!a. E" ete ca% #a c%%r$!"ac!:" e m<
66
4.3.
K /E COO/ICI •
C%%r$!"ac!:" '%r!%"ta#D E #a c%%r$!"ac!:" @*e $ee eF!t!r e"tre #% r%e%re @*e !marte" e# m!m% c!c#% =e $ee %recer a #% a#*m"% $e# m!m% c!c#% *"a r%*eta e$*cat!Aa c%'ere"te?.
•
C%%r$!"ac!:" Aert!ca#D E #a c%%r$!"ac!:" @*e $ee eF!t!r e"tre #% r%e%re $e etaa c%"t!g*a> e" "*etr% ca%> ara aeg*rar #a c%%r$!"ac!:" e" I"a"t!# ; Pr!mar!a =gara"t!a$a %r #a CO-CO-PE^?
^CO:CO:PED COm!!:" $e CO%r$!"ac!:" PE$ag:g!ca. (%rma$a %r e# /!rect%r> ee $e Et*$!%> C%%r$!"a$%re $e C!c#% ;> e" * ca%> e# C%%r$!"a$%r $e E@*!% /%ce"te $e Or!e"tac!:" ; %;%. * %et!A% e %t!m!ar #a #a%r $e# c%"*"t% $e #% r%e%re> r%m%Aer #a art!c!ac!:" $e t%$% eg)" * %!!#!$a$e e !"teree.
BLOQUE III -
Tema 8 Tema 9 Tema 10
TEMA 1. La e&ucac#7% +ara la "alu& (;e# 1-199< e la 2" e Salu %scolar # Calo Eruos, S: “%ucaci4n *ara la salu en la escuela”, 199/)
1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
C%"cet% $e a#*$ E$*cac!:" ara #a a#*$ e" Ea&a ect% @*e !"c#*;e ; ra%"e @*e #a *t!!ca"
*. Ac#u&e" / (8#o" re,er#&o" al &e"ca%"o (#$#e%e / ac#-#&a& #%,a%#l (Caa +oa %I)
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.
(%rmac!:" $e act!t*$e ; '<!t% ct!t*$e ; '<!t% reer!$% a# $eca"% ct!t*$e ; '<!t% re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a act!A!$a$ í!ca ct!t*$e ; '<!t% re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a '!g!e"e 67
. Pre-e%c#7% &e acc#&e%e" +r#0ero" au;#l#o" / e%,er0e&a&e" #%,a%#le" (8or'as *ara el control e enfer'eaes en las escuelas,19$, 7inisterio e Sania # Seguria Social)
3.1. 3.2. 3.3.
PreAe"c!:" $e acc!$e"te Pr!mer% a*F!#!% E"erme$a$e !"a"t!#e tra"m!!#e
2. Cr#er#o" +ara la #%er-e%c#7% e&uca#-a =P( PIE? E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1. LA EDUCACIÓN PARA LA SALUD ( Ley 1/1994 de la GV de Salud scolar # Calo Eruos, S: “%PS en la escuela”, 199/)
1.1.
COCEPTO /E LU/D La a#*$ ;a "% e c%"!$era !m#eme"te #a a*e"c!a $e e"erme$a$. e e"t!e"$e @*e *"a er%"a et< a"a c*a"$% g%a $e *" eta$% $e !e"etar ge"era#D %c!a#> Pí@*!c% ; (í!c% =Or!e"tac!:" '!g!,"!ca> a#!me"tar!a ; %t*ra#-e"tare ; ac%tare !e"> c*!$ar e# m%!#!ar!%G-?.
TRI@NGULO DE LA SALUD
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La E.P. *%"e rea#!ar *"a !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa ara me%rar #% c%m%rtam!e"t%> act!t*$e ; c%"%c!m!e"t% e" re#ac!:" a #a a#*$ $e #% a#*m"%> eta me$!$a $ee" !m#!car a# e aa"$%"a" eta r e traaa" c%mete"c!a a #a C.*t:"%ma @*e em!ea" a %c*are $e #a reAe"c!:" ; #a EP %"!e"$% e" marc'a $!Aer% r%grama #% a;*"tam!e"t% ; c%"e##ería c%m% #a a#*$ *c%-$e"ta#> Aac*"ac!%"eG 1.3.
PECTO QUE ICLUSE S WOE QUE L UTI(IC • A"+eco" que #%clu/e la E.P.S= #!me"tac!:" ; "*tr!c!:"> E$*c.eF*a#> E$*c. ara
eA!tar $r%g%$ee"$e"c!a> ct. í!ca> PreAe"c!:" $e acc!$e"te> E$*c.A!a#> a#*$ me"ta#> c*!$a$% er%"a#e $e '!g!e"e ; a#*$. •
Ra6o%e" que u"#,#ca% "u #0+ora%c#a - La e"erme$a$e ca*a"te $e \ m*erte remat*ra e" Occ!$e"te et<" re#ac!%"a$a c%" '<!t% !"$!A!$*a#e> $e a'í #a %ece"#&a& &e +ro0o-er (8#o"
"alu&a8le"> *et% @*e #a eFer!e"c!a e" caa !"#*;e e" #% "!&% e" #a %rmac!:" $e et% $e '<!t%> e "ecear!a #a c%#a%rac!:" am!#!ar. - E# !" )#t!m% $e #a e$*cac!:" e e# DIN> %r e##% e "ecear!% $ar *"a %rmac!:" *!c!e"te ara t%mar $ec!!%"e e" aect% re#ac!%"a$% a #a a#*$ ; ca#!$a$ $e A!$a.
*. ACTITUDES ? 5@BITOS REFERIDOS AL DESCANSO 5IGIENE ? ACTIVIDAD INFANTIL (Caa +oa %I) 2.1. (OCI /E CTITU/E S ZBITOD e $eeD C%"cretar e# ")mer% $e '<!t% a are"$er> %c% er% !e" e#ecc!%"a$%. -
er c%'ere"te c%" #% @*e e eF!a a# "!&% ; Aa#%rar e# e*er% c%"eg*!$%.
-
Ce"trar e# e*er% e" #% *"$ame"ta# ; c%rreg!r #% err:"e% %re ,te.
-
eet!r rec*e"teme"te #% eerc!c!% !" ##egar a r%$*c!r at!ga % ,r$!$a $e !"ter,.
- L% a% a eg*!r ara e"e&ar '<!t% %"D $ec%m%"er#% e" eerc!c!% *"$ame"ta#e> 'acer e# eerc!c!% 'ata @*e e# "!&% #% 'aga %r í m!m%> c%"ectar ee eerc!c!% c%" e# !g*!e"te.
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2.2.
CTITU/E S ZBITO E(EI/O L /ECOD E# $eca"% e *"a %rma $e rec*erar #a e"ergía er$!$a c%" #a act!A!$a$> e#!m!"ar #a te"!%"e em%c!%"a#e ; c%"@*!tar *"a ma;%r e"ac!:" $e !e"etar. E# $eca"% "% e c%"!g*e :#% a traA, $e# *e&%> !"% tam!," c%" act!A!$a$e re#aa"te =te"er ree"te ! e "!ega" a $%rm!r !eta?.
Re,le;#7% curr#cular= E" #a ec*e#a !"a"t!# #% "!&% 'a" $e te"er r!tm% $e $eca"%> r%$ea$% $e *" c#!ma @*e r%!c!e e# *e&%> eec!a#me"te e" e$a$e temra"a ; %ret%$% $e*, $e c%mer. art!r $e #% 4 a&% #% "!&% "% t!e"e" "ece!$a$ $e ##egar a# *e&%> ata c%" @*e ##eg*e" a #a re#aac!:" ; eF!ta *" c#!ma $e tra"@*!#!$a$. Ac#u&e" / (8#o" D eetar e# $eca"% $e #% %tr%> arreg#are tra e# $eca"%> te"er er!%$% reAe $e $eca"% $*ra"te #a %r"a$a ec%#ar> ac%tare temra"% a *"a '%ra !a> rea#!ar act!A!$a$e $e re#aac!:"G
2.3.
CTITU/E S ZBITO ELCIO/O CO L CTIKI// (ICD La act!A!$a$ í!ca e *"$ame"ta# ara e# $earr%##% !c%#:g!c% e" #a !"a"c!a. E# m%A!m!e"t% e 1eFer!e"c!a e#eme"ta# $e# "!&%> a# a"$ar erc!e "*eA% eac!%> c%"%ce * %!!#!$a$eM#!m!tac!%"eG
Re,le;#7% curr#cular= % %ta"te> $ee reg*#are #a rea#!ac!:" $e actA.í!ca ;a @*e e er*$!c!a# ta"t% e# eFce% =r%$*ce at!ga? c%m% e# $eect% =r%$*ce *"a $!m!"*c!:" $e #a *"c!%"e A!ta#e?. Ac#u&e" / (8#o" D %A!m!e"t% ; %t*ra $e# c*er%> c%"tr%# $e m%A!m!e"t% e" #a act!A!$a$e #)$!ca> acetac!:" $e #a reg#a @*e r!ge" #% *eg% í!c%> g*t% %r e# eerc!c!% í!c% ; e# r!eg% c%"tr%#a$%G 2.4.
CTITU/E S ZBITO ELCIO/O CO L IIEED La '!g!e"e c*m#e 2 gra"$e *"c!%"eD e%rar #a a#*$ ; e# !e"etar $e# !"$!A!$*% ; #a c%#ect!A!$a$ =!m#!cac!%"e %c!a#eD acetac!:" % rec'a%?> ; er *" me$!% e" #a reAe"c!:" $e e"erme$a$e. C*a"$% e# "!&% Aa a #a ec*e#a ree"ta *"% '<!t% '!g!,"!c% a$@*!r!$% e" e# am!e"te am!#!ar> e" #a ec*e#a et% '<!t% $ee" er re%ra$% % *t!t*!$%.
Re,le;#7% curr#cular= # rea#!ar act!A!$a$e '!g!,"!ca =#a%r c%"ta"te> "% e $e#!m!ta e" e# t!em%? $ee ar%Aec'are * %te"c!a# e$*cat!A%. E !m%rta"te ree"tar #a '!g!e"e c%m% act!A!$a$ #)$!ca. % $ee c%"Aert!re e" *"a %e!:" %r e# r%e%r "! er "*"ca #a ae $e %!#e marg!"ac!%"e. Ac#u&e" / (8#o" D re"$er a #!m!are $e*, $e 'acer caca * %r!"a> t!rar $e #a ca$e"a $e# retreteG> re"$er a %"are #a "ar! ; *ar e# a&*e#%> re"$er a *ar ae#era ; c*% $e a*raG . PREVENCIÓN DE ACCIDENTES PRIMEROS AUILIOS ? ENFERMEDADES INFANTILES (8or'as *ara el control e enfer'eaes en las escuelas, 19$, 7inisterio e Sania # Seguria Social) 70
3.1.
PEKECI /E CCI/ETE (O7S)D La 1 ca*a $e acc!$e"te !"a"t!#e %" #a caí$a ; #a 2 #a !"t%F!cac!%"e> e $ec!r> e" ge"era# #a ca*a re#ac!%"a$a c%" e# $earr%##% e !"$ee"$e"c!a $e# "!&%.
Me&#&a" &e +re-e%c#7% D La ma;%ría $e acc!$e"te !"a"t!#e %$ría" eA!tare eta#ec!e"$% me$!$a $e reAe"c!:" e" 3
r!eg%?. -
Leg!#ac!:" =eta#ec!e"$% me$!$a @*e reg*#e" *" e"t%r"% m< eg*r%?.
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E$*cac!:" =e"e&a"$% a a$re> "!&% ; e$*ca$%re c:m% reAe"!r acc!$e"te?.
Or#e%ac#o%e" curr#culare" D a"te"er *" *"t% $e A!ta %!t!A%> r%c*rar "% crear a"g*t!aMm!e$% $eme*ra$% ; %rga"!ar act!A!$a$e aa$a e" e# *eg%. e%r @*e #a c%rrecc!:"> e *t!#!ar *"a met%$%#%gía reAe"t!A%-c%rrect!Aa remat*ra =a*"@*e e# "!&% a)" "% me e"t!e"$a?> @*e tar$ía =*e !m#!ca $eare"$er?.
E" c*a"t% a# 0aer#al> e *"$ame"ta# eta#ecer
-
"%rma c%"creta> e!cace ; !m#e. - E" c*a"t% a# e"+ac#o> e trata $e t%mar me$!$a reAe"t!Aa e" e# e&#,#c#o e"colar =ara"$!##a a#taG?> e" e# +a#o =t%%ga"e c%" t%e #atera#eG? ; e" e# ce%ro o
,uera =e$*cac!:" A!a#G?. - E" c*a"t% a #a ac#-#&a&e" =e" #a a#!$a "% !mr%A!ar "a$a ; c%"%cer reA!ame"te e# terre"%> a# *ar aarat% e#,ctr!c% eA!tar @*e #% "!&% t%@*e" ca#e % e"c'*e> "% *gar !"tr%$*c!e"$% %et% e" #a %caG? 3.2.
PIEO U[ILIOD "te *" acc!$e"te ec%#ar !emre e $ee act*ar ere"ame"te. La ec*e#a $ee" $!%"er $e *" %t!@*í" !e" e@*!a$% ; *"a e"ermería % a#a $e c*ra. La me$!$a a t%mar %"D •
Acc#&e%e" le-e" D L% r!mer% e tra"@*!#!ar a #% "!&% ; ac%ma&a"te. Para c*rarD EI/D L!m!ar #a 'er!$a c%" ag*a a*"$a"te =; a:" ! e e" #a !e#?. L*eg% ec'ar *er% a c'%rr% ara @*e arratre #a *c!e$a$ ;> !"a#me"te> Aeta$!"e % !m!#ar. "te #a 'er!$a e" #a %ca> e"*agar c%" ag*a ; ec*!r =! e %!#e c%" *"a g%ta $e ag*a %F!ge"a$a?> tam!," ! e t!e"e '!e#% *e$e e# "!&% c'*ar#%. EOI /E IWD % ta%"ar> !"c#!"ar#e #a caea 'ac!a $e#a"te e !r #!m!<"$%#e #a a"gre m!e"tra a#e. L!m!ar t%$% ret% $e a"gre ara a*tar #a !m%rta"c!a a #a 'er!$a rea#.
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COTUIOED E" caea> %"er '!e#% ara eA!tar #a t*m%rac!:" =c'!c':"?. E" m!emr%> *e$e !r #a c%"t*!:" c%" t%rce$*ra % !" e##a e" #a art!c*#ac!%"e. Ke"$a$% ; re%%. EO LIEO> $%#%re $e caea e%r<$!c% ; %tr%D e $ee" ate"$er eara"$% a# "!&% ara ac!#!tar#e #a Ae"t!#ac!:"> eA!ta"$% #a a"!e$a$ ; ataca"$% $!rectame"te #a ca*a ! et< e" "*etra ma"%. •
Acc#&e%e" $ra-e" 0" ,recue%e" QUE/UD Q*!tar c%" c*!$a$% #a r%a ; a#!car ag*a ría e" #a @*ema$*ra. ! e eFte"a> ##eAar#% a *rge"c!a *"t% a# e"Aae $e# r%$*ct% @*e 'a r%A%ca$% #a @*ema$*ra. % *ar "!"g)" r%$*ct% @*ím!c%. TTIETOD P%"er#e caea aa% 'ata @*e eF*#e e# %et% a!ra$%> 'ac!e"$% *era c%" "*etr% a"tera% e" * et:mag% ara a;*$ar#e. % $ar#e e" #a ea#$a "! meter#e #% $e$% e" #a %ca. ELECTOCUCIOED Cerrar e# !"terr*t%r ge"era# $e #a c%rr!e"te % earar#e $e# c%"$*ct%r e#,ctr!c%. ! e# "!&% "% re!ra> ract!car#e #a re!rac!:" %ca-%ca 'ata @*e ##eg*e e# m,$!c%. ITO[ICCIOED ! 'a !"ger!$% *" me$!came"t% % r%$*ct% @*ím!c%> $ar#e ag*a ara $!#*!r e# t:F!c%. L#amar a# I"t!t*t% ac!%"a# $e T%F!c%#%gía ; ##eAar#% a *rge"c!a *"t% a# e"Aae $e# r%$*ct%.
3.3. E(EE//E I(TILE TIIBLED La ma;%ría e reA!e"e" c%" *"a a$ec*a$a Aac*"ac!:". E" #a ec*e#a %" rec*e"te> a# er e# #*gar !$:"e% ara #a tra"m!!:" =c%"A!Ae"c!a gr*a#?.
Pre-e%c#7% &e e%,er0e&a&e" #%,eco:co%a$#o"a"= e r%$*ce" %r #a e"tra$a $e *" age"te !"ecc!%% e" *" !"$!A!$*% a"% =acter!a> A!r*G? $%"$e e %r!g!"a *" crec!m!e"t% ; m*#t!#!cac!:" $e# germe". Para #*c'ar c%"tra e##a act*am% %re #% 3 e#a%"e $e #a ca$e"aD %re la ,ue%e &e #%,ecc#7% =rec% $!ag":t!c% ; a!#am!e"t% $e #% e"erm%?> %re lo" 0eca%#"0o" &e ra%"0#"#7% =e$*ca"$% e" e# *% !"$!A!$*a# $e t%a##a> e!"eG? ; %re #a +o8lac#7% "u"ce+#8le =r%teg!,"$%#a me$!a"te !"m*"!ac!%"e?.
Cla"#,#cac#7% &e e%,er0e&a&e" #%,eco:co%a$#o"a" 0" co0u%e" e% la #%,a%c#a= /!t!"g*!m% e"treD EUPTIKD e caracter!a" %r@*e tra *" erí%$% $e !"c*ac!:"> aarece *"a er*c!:" c*t<"ea. *e#e" er $e %r!ge" Aír!c% ; e tra"m!te" %r c%"tact% $!rect% c%" e"erm%. arece *" c*a$r% catarra# a Aece ac%ma&a$% $e !ere ; @*e$a" !"m*"!a$% #% @*e #a 'a" aa$%. La m< c%m*"e %" aram!:"> *e%#a> Kar!ce#a ; %e%#a. O EUPTIKD La m< c%m*"e %"D T% er!"aD arece $e %rma ag*$a e" r%te e!$,m!c%. 72
- PaeraD I"#amac!:" $e #a g#<"$*#a ar:t!$a $e!$% a *"a !"ecc!:" Aír!ca. e c%"tag!a a traA, $e #a a#!Aa ; aarece c%m% *"a !"#amac!:" a% #% ae##%"e a*r!c*#are. -
e"!"g!t!D I"#amac!:" $e #a me"!"ge $e %r!ge" !"ecc!%%.
-
eat!t!D I"#amac!:" $e# 'íga$% $e!$a a Aar!% act%re.
E%,er0e&a&e" &e or#$e% a%#(#$#9%#co D La m<
rec*e"te %"D PE/ICULOI =!%%?D L% í"t%ma %" !rr!tac!:" ; !c%r $e# c*er% cae##*$% =e"c!ma $e #a %rea?. E# tratam!e"t% c%"!te e" *"a met!c*#%a #!m!ea $e #a %"a ara!ta$a c%" c%#%"!a> c'am)> A!"agreG PZITO ITETILED %" #%mr!ce !"tet!"a#e @*e germ!"a" e" e# !"tet!"%> Aa" 'ac!a e# rect% ; $e%!ta" #% '*eA% e" #a 'ece. Para reAe"!r#a rea#!ar *"a etr!cta #!m!ea ta"t% er%"a# c%m% $e #a r%a $e cama ; eA!tar e# c%"tact% c%" #a %"a a"a# ara eA!tar eret*ar #a ca$e"a.
2. CRITERIOS PARA LA INTERVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA =P( PIE?
TEMA 1. Al#0e%ac#7% %ur#c#7% / &#e9#ca (=orras +oca # otros: “2uía *rctica e nutrici4n infantil”!199<)
1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
/e#!m!tac!:" *tr!e"te <!c%> *"c!%"e ; a#!me"t% !m#!ca$%. <!t% a#!me"tar!% e" Ea&a
*. Al#0e%ac#7% equ#l#8ra&a / +la%#,#cac#7% &e 0e%X" (;4*e 8o'eeu: “7anual e ali'entaci4n *ara guarerías infantiles”19$@! “Ali'entos *ara co'eores escolares” 19$@) 73
2.1. 2.2. 2.3.
e@*!!t% $e *"a $!eta e@*!#!ra$a C%"!$erac!%"e ge"era#e ara #a #a"!!cac!:" $e $!eta !"a"t!#e ec%me"$ac!%"e r
. Tra"or%o" #%,a%#le" relac#o%a&o" co% la al#0e%ac#7% (Caa +oa! 7%C!9/) 3.1. Trat%r"% re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a a#!me"tac!:" 3.2. Trat%r"% re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a "*tr!c!:" 2. La" (ora" &e co0er co0o 0o0e%o" e&uca#-o" (+ 133-91) 4.1. /e$e #a erect!Aa $e# c%me$%r ec%#ar E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1. ALIMENTACIÓN NUTRICIÓN ? DIETTICA (=orras +oca # otros: “2uía *rctica e nutrici4n infantil”!199<)
1.1.
/ELIITCI • Nur#c#7%= Pr%ce% c%m#e% me$!a"te e# c*a# e# %rga"!m% rec!e> tra"%rma ; *t!#!a #a *ta"c!a @*ím!ca c%"te"!$a e" #% a#!me"t%. Pr%ce% !"A%#*"tar!% e !"c%"c!e"te.
74
• Al#0e%ac#7%= E #a ma"era $e r%%rc!%"ar a# c*er% e% a#!me"t%> e $ec!r> #a er!e
$e act% A%#*"tar!% ; c%"c!e"te @*e c%"!te" e" #a e#ecc!:"> rearac!:" e !"get!:" $e a#!me"t%. EF!te" 3 eta$% $e a#!me"tac!:"D - B*e"a a#!me"tac!:"D !Ae#e a$ec*a$% $e *ta"c!a "*tr!t!Aa ; reerAa *!c!e"te *e" $earr%##% ; re!te"c!a a e"erme$a$e. - #!me"tac!:" $e!c!e"teD Care"c!a #eAe $e *ta"c!a "*tr!t!Aa $!m!"*c!:" $e reerAa ; ma;%r A*#"era!#!$a$ a e"erme$a$e. - /e"*tr!c!:"D #terac!%"e care"c!a#e ; e"erme$a$e %r a#ta $e $!Aera *ta"c!a "*tr!t!Aa. Tí!c% $e aíe e" Aía $e $earr%##%. P%r eem#% e# í"$r%me X_a'!%rY%r ; e# maram%. • D#e9#ca= C!e"c!a erte"ec!e"te a #a e$!c!"a @*e et*$!a #a c%rrecta r%%rc!:" e" #a
@*e $ee" c%"*m!re #a *ta"c!a "*tr!t!Aa e" #a $!Aera !t*ac!%"e $e #a A!$a. La a#!me"tac!:" e e$*ca#e> #a "*tr!c!:" "%. U"a a#!me"tac!:" e@*!#!ra$a erm!te *"a c%rrecta "*tr!c!:" ; ara e##% e ac*$e a #a /!et,t!ca. a; er%"a @*e c%me" ca"t!$a$e *!c!e"te $e a#!me"t%> er% ree"ta" care"c!a> $e!$% a *"a a#!me"tac!:" %c% rac!%"a#. P%r e##%> 'a; @*e %me"tar *e"% '<!t% $e a#!me"tac!:" $e$e #a !"a"c!a. 1.2.
UTIETE BZICO> (UCIOE S LIETO IPLIC/O Nur#e%e" 8"#co"= E# er '*ma"% "ece!ta ara $earr%##are 6 • c%m%"e"te <!c%> $!tr!*!$% e"D *tr!e"te e"erg,t!c%D '!$rat% $e car%"%> graa ; r%teí"a - % e"erg,t!c% =ag*a> A!tam!"a ; m!"era#e?. La "ece!$a$e $e ca$a *"% Aaría" $ee"$!e"$% $e #a e$a$> eF%> act!A!$a$ ; c%"$!c!%"e $e A!$a $e# !"$!A!$*%. La r%teí"a ; A!tam!"a "% *e$e" !"tet!are %r e# %rga"!m%. •
Fu%c#o%e" / al#0e%o" #0+l#ca&o"= - (*"c!:" e"erg,t!caD La c*m#e" #% '!$rat% $e car%"% - a*care> a"> arr%> ata> atataG- =*e"te $e e"ergía !"me$!ata? ; #% #í!$% - graa $e %r!ge" a"!ma# ; Aegeta#- =*e"te e"erg,t!ca $e reerAa?. - (*"c!:" etr*ct*ra#D (*"c!:" $e c%"tr*cc!:" ; rec%"tr*cc!:" @*e rea#!a" #a r%teí"a - #ec'e ; $er!Aa$%> car"e> eca$% ; '*eA%- > @*e #a eerce" a $!ere"te "!Ae#e $e# %rga"!m%. - (*"c!:" reg*#a$%raD e ##eAa a ca% %r #a A!tam!"a ` !e# ; A!!:"> B *"c!:" "erA!%a> C reAe"c!:" $e !"ecc!%"e ; / '*e% ; $!e"te ` ; m!"era#e ` CLCIO %rmac!:" $e '*e%> IEO %rmac!:" $e g#:*#% r%%> (LUO reAe"c!:" $e car!eG- > *"t% c%" e# ag*a. eg*#a" #% r%ce% meta:#!c% $e# %rga"!m%.
1.3. ZBITO LIETIO E EPHD E" #% '<!t% a#!me"tar!% $e# "!&% ea&%# !"#*;e" m*c'% act%re> c%m% e# m!met!m% c%" * ma;%re =#% a$*#t% @*e r%$ea" a# "!&% %" @*!e"e marca" * a#!me"tac!:"?> #a c%t*mre c*#t*ra#e @*e e te"ga" =ca$a c*#t*ra a#!me"ta a #% "!&% a * ma"eraD Ee0+lo O"a0a?> e# c#!ma $e aí =Ea&a ; %tr% aíe $e# *r $e E*r%a> e 'a $!t!"g*!$% %r $ee"$er #a $!eta me$!terr<"ea `e aa e" *" c%"*m% c%"tr%#a$% $e graa a"!ma#e ; *"a ma;%r 75
!"geta $e r*ta ; Aer$*ra> car"e $e %##%> eca$%G-? % #a *#!c!$a$ @*e rec!a #a am!#!a =#a *#!c!$a$ et< *ga"$% *" ae# er"!c!%% e" #a $!eta ea&%#a> *e !" $ar"% c*e"ta "% etam% amer!ca"!a"$% ` te"$e"c!a a t%mar a" c%" ma"te@*!##a> c%c!"ar c%" ma"te@*!##a % graa a"!ma#G-?.
*. ALIMENTACIÓN E
2.1. EQUIITO /E U /IET EQUILIB/D U"a $!eta e@*!#!ra$a $ee er *!c!e"te e" ca"t!$a$ ; ca#!$a$ =c%mer Aar!a$% r%%rc!%"a#me"te?> ar%!a$a a #a e$a$ ; c%"$!c!:". e@*!!t% <!c%D a?
*tar #a e"tra$a $e a#!me"t% a# c%"*m% $e e"ergía.
?
Pr%%rc!:" e@*!#!ra$a $e '!$rat% $e car%"%> graa ; r%teí"a.
c?
Ig*a#$a$ e"tre e# a%rte ca#:r!c% ; e# r%te!c%. E" ca% c%"trar!% #a r%teí"a e *t!#!ar<" ara %te"er e"ergía.
$? C*r!r #a "ece!$a$e r%te!ca =#a r%teí"a a"!ma#e $eer<" etar e" #a m!ma r%%rc!:" @*e #a Aegeta#e? ; $e graa =! a#ta" etar< eF*et% a !"ecc!%"e?. e?
Imrec!"$!#e #% '!$rat% $e car%"% ara e# crec!m!e"t% ; e# a%rte e"erg,t!c%.
? %rte *!c!e"te $e A!tam!"a> m!"era#e ; ag*a =$ee c%me"ar #a ,r$!$a $e #a m!ma @*e t!e"e" #*gar c%"ta"teme"te %r #a %r!"a> 'ece ; tra"!rac!:"?.
2.2. COI/ECIOE EELE P L PLI(ICCI /E /IET I(TILED Para #a"!!car me") ara "!&% $e 3-6 a&%> 'a; @*e te"er e" c*e"ta @*e et<" e" er!%$% $e $earr%##% í!c% ; í@*!c% =etaa $e crec!m!e"t%? ; %r e##% $eem% retar gra" ate"c!:" a * a#!me"tac!:". Para crecer e "ece!ta"> a arte $e #% "*tr!e"te <!c%> *" a%rte a$!c!%"a# $e e"ergía *e ! ,te e re$*ce %r $ea% $e c!ert% #ím!te e $et!e"e e# crec!m!e"t% ; e retraa e" #a ma$*rac!:". •
Pro+orc#7% &e calor!a" e% ca&a co0#&a= La !"geta $e a#!me"t% $ee c*r!r #a "ece!$a$e !"$!A!$*a#e $!ar!a> #% "%rma# %" 3 c%m!$a r!"c!a#e ; 2M3 rer!ger!%. La $!tr!*c!:" $e ca#%ría $!ar!a er
/etac% #a !m%rta"c!a $e# $ea;*"%> c%"A!e"e @*e ea a*"$a"te ara eA!tar "!&% a
76
•
Nece"#&a&e" e%er$9#ca" "e$X% la e&a&= =O?D 3-4 a&%1.300 Ca#M$ía> 4-5 a&%1.400 Ca#M$ía> 5-6 a&% 1.550 Ca#M$ía.
•
Pla%#,#cac#7% &e 0e%X"= /at% a te"er e" c*e"taD 1.
/ar r!%r!$a$ a #% a#!me"t% *"$ame"ta#e ara e# crec!m!e"t% ; e" * r%%rc!:" *ta. E" eta etaa> #% '!$rat% $e car%"% $ee" c%"t!t*!r e# 55 $e #a $!eta> #a graa e# 30 ; #a r%teí"a e# 15.
2.
La rearac!:" c*#!"ar!a $ee er a$ec*a$a a #a e$a$eD atract!Aa> e"c!##a> !" a*% $e a#> $e
3.
aer c*<#e er<" #% #at% ae $!ar!%> c%m#et<"$%#% $e*, c%" r!mer% ; %tre. e rec%m!e"$a ac%ma&ar t%$a #a c%m!$a c%" e"a#a$a Aar!a$a.
4.
E *"$ame"ta# c%"tar c%" #a am!#!a ac!#!t<"$%#e me") %t%c%!a$% $e #a ec*e#a ; c%"A%c<"$%#e a re*"!%"e $%"$e e eta#eca" cr!ter!% c%m*"e $e act*ac!:" a#!me"tar!a.
5.
E# %et!A% !"a# er< c%mer $e t%$%> er% e ##eAar< a ca% a*#at!"ame"te a #% #arg% $e# c*r%.
6.
L% '%rar!% $e c%m!$a etar<" *!c!e"teme"te eac!a$%.
7. 2.3.
EEPLI(ICCI
ECOE/CIOE PZCTIC OBE LUO LIETOD - L% "!&% O "ece!ta" c%"*m!r e!$a et!m*#a"te =ca, ; t,? !" Aa#%r "*tr!t!A%> er% !rAe" ara $ar ar%ma ; a%r a #a #ec'e ! aí e t%ma me%r> a# !g*a# @*e e# caca% =a#g)" Aa#%r "*tr!t!A%? !" %reAa#%rar#%. - La #ec'e> e# @*e% ; e# ;%g*rt *e$e" *t!t*!re e"tre í %r@*e c%"t!e"e" Aa#%re "*tr!t!A% e@*!Aa#e"te =te"er e" c*e"ta ! e# "!&% rec'aa #a #ec'e?. - a; @*e 'a!t*ar a #% "!&% a c%"*m!r #a #ec'e !" a)car % c%" *"a ca"t!$a$ m%$era$a. - E c%"Ae"!e"te !"tr%$*c!r *"a r*ta %r #a ma&a"a> reer!#eme"te etac!%"a# ;a @*e %" rereca"te> a%rta" A!tam!"a ; !ra $!et,t!ca. - E# a" !"tegra# *t!t*;e a# a" #a"c%> *e r%%rc!%"a A!tam!"a B ; !ra $!et,t!ca. - La ma"te@*!##a *e$e er *t!t*!$a %r *"a margar!"a A!tam!"a$a =@*e c%"t!e"e A!tam!"a ?.
. TRASTORNOS INFANTILES RELACIONADOS CON LA ALIMENTACIÓN (Caa +oa! 7%C!9/)
3.1.
TTOO ELCIO/O CO L LIETCI 77
- I%a+ee%c#a= E!%$!% aaer% $e ,r$!$a $e aet!t% $e!$% a# ca#%r> c%"Aa#ece"c!a $e*, $e *"a e"erme$a$GC%"A!e"e "% re!%"ar a# "!&% ; %erAar#% ara $eterm!"ar c*<# e #a ca*a. - A%ore;#a= C*a"$% e# rec'a% a #a c%m!$a e r%#%"ga r%A%ca"$% ,r$!$a !m%rta"te $e e%. P*e$e $eere a trat%r"% e" #a re#ac!:" ma$re-'!%> % a cam!% e" #a a#!me"tac!:" =$etete> cam!% a :#!$%G?. - P#ca= I"geta er!te"te $e *ta"c!a "% "*tr!t!Aa> e c%me tí!came"te !"t*ra =!"t%F!cac!%"e?> cae##% =%tr*cc!:" !"tet!"a#?> r%aG S c*a"$% %" ma;%re *e$e" c%mer are"a> !e$ra> eFcreme"t% $e a"!ma#e =!"ecc!%"e?G %rma#me"te #a !ca rem!te 'ac!a e# r!"c!!% $e #a "!&e a*"@*e *e$e er!t!r $*ra"te #a a$%#ece"c!a % m< rarame"te 'ata #a a$*#te. - Tra"or%o +or ru0#ac#7%= C%"!te e" *"a reg*rg!tac!:" reet!$a $e #a c%m!$a> c%" ,r$!$a $e e% % !"caac!$a$ ara ma"te"er e# e% eera$%. La c%m!$a> arc!a#me"te $!ger!$a> e $eA*e#ta a #a %ca !" aarecer "a*ea> A:m!t%G a%c!a$%. E"t%"ce> #a c%m!$a e eF*#a$a> mat!ca$a % r*m!a$a> c%a @*e a# "!&% #e re*#ta agra$a#e. Ete trat%r"% aarece e"tre #% 3-12 mee. 3.2.
TTOO ELCIO/O CO L UTICID - Mal%ur#c#7% cal7r#co:+roe#ca= * ca*a r!"c!a# e #a $!Aerge"c!a e"tre #a "ece!$a$e ; #% a%rte "*tr!c!%"a#e. La ma"!etac!%"e c#í"!ca %"D !e# <era> e#% ec% ; @*era$!%> '*e% $eca#c!!ca$%> a"em!a> a$e#gaam!e"t%> etc. Eta ma#"*tr!c!:" e $e %ret%$% e" aíe e" Aía $e $earr%##%. - De,#c#e%c#a &e -#a0#%a" / 0#%erale"= La ca*a m< !m%rta"te e #a ecae $e A!tam!"a ; m!"era#e e" #a a#!me"tac!:" % e# a*me"t% $e #a "ece!$a$e> ge"era#me"te %r c%"*m!r $!eta %c% Aar!a$a. - Pro8le0a" &e "o8real#0e%ac#7%= La %e!$a$ e #a ma#"*tr!c!:" m< re$%m!"a"te e" #a %c!e$a$e $earr%##a$a. arece c%m% c%"ec*e"c!a $e c%mer gra" ca"t!$a$ $e a#!me"t% a%c!a$a c%" #a rea#!ac!:" $e !"*!c!e"te eerc!c!%. La %e!$a$ r%$*ce %recarga e" t%$% #% :rga"% %r!g!"a"$% % agraAa"$% $!aete> Aar!ce> artr%!G - Oro" ra"or%o" relac#o%a&o" co% la al#0e%ac#7%= La a#erg!a a#!me"tar!a ; #a car!e $e"ta#.
2. LAS 5ORAS DE COMER COMO MOMENTOS EDUCATIVOS (+ 133-91) 4.1. /E/E L PEPECTIK /EL COE/O ECOL Pro8le0a"= La c%m!$a $ee c%"t!t*!r *" m%me"t% agra$a#e $%"$e • e %me"te" #a re#ac!%"e %c!a#e ; e# g*t% %r c%mer re#aa$ame"te c%" c%ma&er%. - C%me$%re ma!!ca$%D Eac!% m*; eca% ; c%" A%#*me" $e r*!$% $ema!a$% a#t%> #% @*e %me"ta e# "erA!%!m% e !m%!!#!ta #a re#aac!:". U"a %#*c!:" *e$e er> e" Ae $e c%mer Aar!% gr*% *"t%> ca$a gr*% *e$e c%mer e" * a*#a. í e c%"!g*e *" c#!ma ac%ge$%r> m< cerca"% a# am!#!ar ; $%"$e e $!r*ta $e# m%me"t% $e c%mer. - C%m!$a r<!$aD E" #a @*e :#% e !rAe ; "% e e$*ca. e $ee $ar *!c!e"te t!em% ara e# act% $e c%mer> erA!r re#aa$ame"te> !"ce"t!Aar a #% "!&% ara @*e c%ma" ; a;*$ar#e a ma"ear #% *te"!#!%. 78
- C%m!$a @*e "% g*ta"D E" #% %!#e e 'a $e reetar e# g*t% $e #% "!&%> a*"@*e e# %et!A% ea @*e %c% a %c% c%ma" $e t%$%. P%$em% erA!r#e me"% $e #% @*e "% #e g*ta ; m< $e #% @*e re!era". - #!me"t% "*eA%D La ec*e#a $ee etar c%%r$!"a$a c%" #a am!#!a. La "%Ae$a$e e erA!r<" e" e@*e&a ca"t!$a$e> ; !" @*e c%!"c!$a" 2 *"ta e" e# m!m% $ía> !"c#*% e" #a m!ma ema"a. - egare a c%merD Pr%#ema tí!c% a eta e$a$> * ca*a r!"c!a# e ##amar #a ate"c!:". *etra act!t*$ $ee er re#aa$a> "% %rar#e "! m%trar a"!e$a$> 'a#agar @*e c%ma =a*"@*e %c%? ; re%rar #% aAa"ce. •
Po"#8#l#&a&e" e&uca#-a"= La c%m!$a c%"t!t*;e *"a *e"a !t*ac!:" e$*cat!Aa e" #a @*e e# e$*ca$%r $ee %!!#!tarD - E# $earr%##% e"%r!a# ; e# $earr%##% $e# e"t!$% crít!c% =Para @*e #% "!&% ea" #% @*e c%"A!e"e c%mer !" $eare ##eAar %r r%aga"$a % m%$a?. - E# act% %c!a# $e c%mer =c%mart!r e# m%me"t% $e c%mer c%" #% am!g% ; c%mer re#aa$ame"te? aí c%m% #a re%"a!#!$a$ $e "!&% e" tarea c%m% %"er % @*!tar #a mea. - La aete"c!a %r $!eta e@*!#!ra$a ; Aar!a$a. - La a$@*!!c!:" $e '<!t% c%rrect% e" #a mea =*t!#!ac!:" $e #% c*!ert%> "% #eAa"tare 'ata term!"arG? ; $e '<!t% a"te ; $e*, $e c%mer =#aAa$% $e ma"%> ce!##a$% $e $!e"te? - La !"%rmac!:" $!ar!a a #% a$re $e c:m% 'a c%m!$% e# "!&% ; $e * r%gre% % regre!%"e. - C%"c!e"c!ar a #% "!&% $e# $e!g*a# reart% $e #% a#!me"t% e" e# m*"$% =TT?
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ ! %ra t!em% /e$e #a erect!Aa $e# c*rríc*#% $e a*#a =UU//? \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
TEMA 1 1. E&ucac#7% "e;ual e% la ea+a #%,a%#l (7aceiar # otros: “;a seFualia en el es*acio escolar””!199<)(+ 65IG591)
1.1.
C%"cet% $e e$*c.eF*a# 79
1.2. 1.3.
Preg*"ta %re #a e$*cac!:" eF*a# La e$*cac!:" eF*a# ; e# c*rríc*#% $e EI
*. De"cu8r#0#e%o e #&e%#,#cac#7% co% el +ro+#o "e;o (reu)( Piaget: “Psicología el ni&o” )
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.
"te $e# "ac!m!e"t%D "% !$e"t!!cac!:" /e*, $e# "ac!m!e"t%D /ec*r!m!e"t% e !$e"t!!cac!:" r%gre!Aa Etaa $e# $earr%##% eF*a# $e# "!&% C%"$*cta eF*a#e !"a"t!#e
. La co%"rucc#7% &e lo" role" 0a"cul#%o" / ,e0e%#%o" (Car'en Sal'oral) 3.1. /e#!m!tac!:" 3.2. (act%re @*e !"#*;e" e" #a c%"tr*cc!:" $e #% r%#e mac*#!"% ; eme"!"% 3.3. C%e$*cac!:" ; c*rríc*#% 2. E"rae$#a" e&uca#-a" +ara e-#ar la &#"cr#0#%ac#7% &e $9%ero (7artíne 7ut, Sal'oral # otros)
4.1. 4.2.
Etrateg!a #!ga$a a# PEC ; PCC "!Ae# $e #a P
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1 1. EDUCACIÓN SEUAL EN LA ETAPA INFANTIL (7aceiar # otros: “;a seFualia en el es*acio escolar”!199<)(+ 65IG591)
1.1.
COCEPTO /E E/UC.E[ULD C%"!te e" #a e"e&a"a @*e t!e"$e a $earr%##ar #a c%mre"!:" $e #% aect% í!c%> em%c!%"a#e> %c!a#e> ec%":m!c% ; 80
!c%#:g!c% $e #a re#ac!%"e '*ma"a> e" #% @*e aecta" a #a re#ac!:" '%mre-m*er. Per% Por qu9 raar la e&uc."e;ual (o/ e% EI P%r@*e #a eF*a#!$a$ e *"a aceta $e #a er%"a @*e "% *e$e %#A!$are c*a"$% e reg%"a *"a e$*cac!:" !"tegra# =rt.2 /U/? ; *"a %rmac!:" ara #a A!$a. -
P%r@*e eg)" c%m% e A!Aa #a eF*a#!$a$ e" #a !"a"c!a> ,ta reerc*t!r< e" #a acetac!:" $e í m!m%> #a c%mre"!:" $e * r%!% c*er%> #a ac!#!$a$ $e eta#ecer re#ac!%"e aect!Aa...
-
1.*.
P%r@*e 'ace $eaarecer m!t% ; aeg*ra e# r%ce% !c%#:g!c% $e# ec%#ar. PEUT OBE L E/UCCI E[ULD
Cu%&o "e &e8e co0e%6ar /e$e e# $eertar $e #a c*r!%!$a$ $e# "!&%. re%"$!e"$% c*a"$% e# "!&% reg*"ta ; ate"!,"$%e a #% @*e reg*"ta. La re*eta $ee" erD KECE> CL> ECILL =a; @*e tratar #a eF*a#!$a$ c%" "at*ra#!$a$ ; "% t%mar"% #a reg*"ta $e# "!&% c%" eFce!Aa er!e$a$ "! c%" r!A%#!$a$? ; /ELIC/ =/eem% #%grar *"a *"t*a#!ac!:" #% m< c%m#eta %!#e ; *"a ac#arac!:" c%"A!"ce"te $e t%$% #% tema> er% a$ata$a a * e$a$?. %r ta"t%> #a re%"a!#!$a$ recae e" a$re ; e$*ca$%re. C70o &e8e "er "u ac#u& /ee etar reara$% ara re%"$er $e m%$% !"me$!at% ; e"c!##% a #a reg*"ta $e #% "!&%> te"er c#ar% @*e #a eF*a#!$a$ !"a"t!# e *"a "ece!$a$ "at*ra# $e# "!&% ; $ee acetar * r%!a eF*a#!$a$ ; #a $e #% $em<> ara "% e"t!r Aerge"a % c*#a!#!$a$ a# 'a#ar $e# tema?. 1..
L E/UCCI E[UL S EL CUCULO /E EID L% %et!A% ; c%"te"!$% reer!$% a ete tema #% !t*am% e" 1 ; e" #% TT. /eem% te"er e" c*e"ta a# #a"!!car #a E$*c.eF*a#D
O8e#-o"= C%"%cer e# r%!% c*er% ; e# $e# %tr%Ma> /earr%##ar #a caac!$a$e e"%r!a#e> $@*!r!r A%ca*#ar!% a$ec*a$%G Co%e%#&o"= /!ere"c!ac!:" e"tre #% :rga"% eF*a#e> #a rer%$*cc!:" ; emara%> c%marac!:" $e $!t!"ta arte $e# c*er%... Ac#u& &el 0ae"ro= /ee eetar #a ma"!etac!%"e eF*a#e $e #% "!&%> %rtar *" me"ae %!t!A% 'ac!a t%$% #% reer!$% a# c*er%> Eta#ecer $!ere"c!a :#% e" *"c!:" $e# eF% !%#:g!c% ; "% $e# g,"er%> er m%A!#!a$%ra =a;*$a"$% a $ec*r!r * c*er% ; e# $e * c%ma&er%Ma ; e#eF!%"ar %re e# m%$e#% $e eF*a#!$a$ @*e #% a$*#t% tra"m!t!m% a #% "!&%.
81
Relac#o%e" co% la" ,a0#l#a"= Im#!car a #% a$re %rga"!a"$% c'ar#a ; mea re$%"$a. a; @*e c%"eg*!r *" e@*!#!r!% ec*e#a-am!#!a ara aA%recer #a c%'ere"c!a e"tre am%. Or$a%#6ac#7% &e e"+ac#o" / #e0+o"= Eac!% =crear eac!% agra$a#e ; a$ec*a$% ara *t!#!are c%"*"tame"te %r "!&% ; "!&a =erA!c!%> c#aeG??. T!em% =#a e$*c.eF*a# "% t!e"e *"a tem%ra#!ac!:" cerra$a> $ee traaare !emre @*e *ra *"a !t*ac!:" a$ec*a$a?. E% E&uc.Se;ual= -
UC E /EBED a#ar aarte a# "!&%> egar"% a c%"tetar a * reg*"ta> $e#a"tar"% a * reg*"ta> er!m!r#e %r@*e reg*"te" % ma"!!ete" * eF*a#!$a$G
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E /EBED e%"$er !" te"er e" c*e"ta e# eF% $e# @*e reg*"ta> !"me$!atame"te ; !" $ar !m%rta"c!a> Em#ear !emre a#ara c%rrecta> (ac!#!tar reg*"ta @*e "% e atreAa" a %rm*#arG
*. DESCUBRIMIENTO E IDENTIFICACIÓN CON EL PROPIO SEO (reu) ( Piaget: “Psicología el ni&o” )
*.1.
TE /EL CIIETOD O I/ETI(ICCID I"mer% e" e# #í@*!$% am"!:t!c%> e# "!&% A!Ae e" *" eta$% $e !"$!ere"c!ac!:" t%ta# e *"a arte "% eara$a $e# c*er% $e #a ma$re. E" ea c%"$!c!%"e e# ;% c%r%ra# "% eF!te c%m% eac!% eara$% "% e *e$e" erc!!r #ím!te e"tre e# !"ter!%r ; e# eFter!%r> e"tre e# ;% ; e# "%;%.
*.*.
/EPU /EL CIIETOD /ECUBIIETO E I/ETI(ICCI POEIK
1 CICLO= I&e%#,#cac#7% "e;ual e;er%a= E# "!&% aAa"a e" #a a$@*!!c!:" $e * !$e"t!$a$ eF*a# 'ata @*e a #% 2-3 a&% ;a e !t)a e" *"% * %tr% gr*% eF*a#. Per% t%$aAía a!g"a" *"a !$e"t!$a$ eF*a# eg)" #% atr!*t% er%"a#e eFter"%. * CICLO= Ma%#,e"ac#o%e" lX&#ca" &e la "e;ual#&a&= #re$e$%r $e #% 3 a&% c%m!e"a" a ##amar#e #a ate"c!:" #a $!ere"c!a e"tre *"% c*er% ; %tr%. S> e"t%r"% a #% 4-5 a&% "!&%Ma *e#e" mat*rare c%" rec*e"c!a ; *e$e" eta#ecer re#ac!%"e c%" *erte carga er:t!ca e"tre e##%> ge"era#me"te !"erta e" *" c%"teFt% #)$!c%. Em!ea" a er c%"c!e"te $e @*e er $e *" g,"er% * %tr% e *"a caracterít!ca erma"e"te c%"ta"c!a $e# eF%. *.. ETP /EL /EOLLO E[UL /EL IHO =eg)" (re*$?D a? Oral= 0-1 a&%D E# "!&% c%"tacta c%" e# m*"$% a traA, $e #a %ca> c%a @*e #e r%$*ce gra" #acer. La %ca e *" :rga"% agre!A% @*e ma"!!eta * $ee% $e etar !emre rec!!e"$% e# ec'%> ; e" ca% $e r*trac!%"e t!e"$e a m%r$er #% @*e c%"!$era ma#%.
82
? A%al= 2-3 a&%D E# #acer e e"c*e"tra ta"t% e" #a rete"c!:" $e #a 'ece c%m% e" e# act% $e $eecar. Para e# "!&%> #a 'ece %" a#g% @*e ,# r%$*ce ; $e #% @*e #e c*eta $ere"$ere. !e"te $ee% $e ma"!*#ar#a. c? Ge%#al= /e 4-6 a&%D E# "!&% e !"terea %r e# c%"tact% ; ma"!*#ac!:" $e * ge"!ta#e> #% @*e #e ##eAa a $ec*r!r #a at!acc!:" a*t%er:t!ca.
*.2.
CO/UCT E[ULE I(TILE Auoe"#0ulac#7% "e;ual D /*ra"te #% 1N a&% e# "!&% #% eF#%ra t%$% ; eec!a#me"te * c*er%. # eF#%rar #% :rga"% eF*a#e e# "!&% eFer!me"ta c!ert% #acer @*e #e 'ace !ar m< t!em% #a act!A!$a$. E *"a acc!:" "at*ra# ; "% 'a; @*e retar#e ma;%r ate"c!:"> #% r%a#e e @*e r%"t% $er!Ae 'ac!a e# c%"%c!m!e"t% rac!%"a#.
ue$o" "e;uale" D arece" a art!r $e #% 3 a&% ; e *" *eg% rec*e"te e" %rma !m:#!ca =m,$!c%G?. Prete"$e" eFam!"ar * c*er%> e# $e %tr% ; #a $!ere"c!a eF!te"te. % t!e"e" c%""%tac!%"e erAera.
Co%aco cor+oral D E# "!&% "ece!ta $e c%"tact% ; a%;% aect!A%> me$!a"te c%"$*cta t!er"a ; car!&%a =e%> car!c!aG?
E;(#8#c#o%#"0oD C%"$*cta rec*e"te e" e# arA*#ar!%. % t!e"e trace"$e"c!a *e %" $e !"ter, m%me"t<"e%.
O8"er-ac#7% &e e-acuac#o%e" cor+orale" D /ee a$%tare *"a act!t*$ t%#era"te> c%mre"!Aa ; 'ac!,"$%#e Aer @*e %" c%"$*cta í"t!ma ; $ee" reetare.
. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LOS ROLES MASCULINOS ? FEMENINOS (Car'en Sal'oral)
.1.
/ELIITCI Rol= ace reere"c!a a #% ae#e @*e %c*a" #% $!ere"te eF%. La a!m!#ac!:" $e et% r%#e a!g"a$% %r #a %c!e$a$ e $e"%m!"a T#+#,#cac#7%.
# me"% e" #a %c!e$a$e %cc!$e"ta#e #% etere%t!% #!ga$% a# eF% e $e!#!ta"> $a"$% a% a re#ac!%"e ca$a Ae m< !g*a#!tar!a. La $!ere"c!ac!:" e"tre #% mac*#!"% ; eme"!"% t!e"e gra"$e reerc*!%"e e" #a %c!a#!ac!:"D #% "!&% reec%#are re!ere" *gar c%" "!&% $e * m!m% eF% ; t%ma" c%m% m%$e#% a er%"a $e * m!m% eF%> !"ter!%r!a"$% #% r%#e $e a'í #a !m%rta"c!a $e e$*car $e$e e# eem#%.
.*.
(CTOE QUE I(LUSE E L COTUCCI /E LO OLE CULIO S (EEIO o L% a$re %" #% r!"c!a#e age"te $e !"#*e"c!a @*e eerce" a traA, $eD
Facore" &e #%,lue%c#a #%&#reca − La eFectat!Aa $!ere"c!a#e @*e Aa" a te"er #a ma$reMa$re reect% a# c%m%rtam!e"t% $e * '!% =re#ac!%"a$a c%" * cree"c!a acerca $e c*a#e $ee" er #% r%#e mac*#!"% ; eme"!"%?. −
La c%"gr*e"c!a % "% e"tre #a !$ea %re '%mre ; m*ere ; * r%!% c%m%rtam!e"t% =etere%t!a$% % "%? c%m% ta#e. 83
Facore" &e #%,lue%c#a &#reca Et!m*#ac!:" am!e"ta#D L% etím*#% $!ere"c!a$% % "% @*e e #e ree"ta a #% "!&%Ma> %r eem#% e# ac%"$!c!%"am!e"t% $e #% eac!% =$ec%rac!:" $e #a 'a!tac!:"G? % #a r%A!!:" $e *g*ete ="!&%V c%c'e> mater!a# $e%rt!A%G> "!&aV m*&eca> mater!a#e $e t!% $%m,t!c%G?. -
C%"$*cta $!ere"c!a#eD D#,ere%c#a" e% la" +erce+c#o%e" =e, "!&%V*erte> gra"$e> "!&aV$e#!ca$a> car!&%aG?> e% el le%$uae ="!&%V e #e 'a#a me"% ; re%ra"$% * c%"$*cta A!r!#D trag%"cete> gamerr%teG "!&aV e #e 'a#a c%" a$et!A% c%m% rec!%a> c'!@*!taGe a*a m< $e# $!m!"*t!A% ; *e#e ac%ma&are c%" car!c!a> %"r!aGre%ra"$% * c%"$*cta eme"!"a?> e% lo" ue$o" ="!&%V e eera @*e *t!#!ce" m< #a agre!A!$a$ ; rea#!ce" *eg% $e m%A!#!$a$ ; e*er% í!c%> "!&aV m< tra"@*!#a ; rea#!ce" *eg% m< e$e"tar!% ; re#ac!%"a$% c%" act!A!$a$e $e# '%gar?.
C%" t%$% et% e# "!&%Ma are"$e @*e ca$a eF% t!e"e *" ae# $!t!"t% e" #a %c!e$a$ ; @*e * Aa#%rac!:" e $!t!"taD e erar@*!a a# eF% mac*#!"% %r e"c!ma $e# eme"!"%. o
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I"#*e"c!a $e %tr% act%re Lo" #$uale"= *"@*e e# "!&%Ma rec!a *" me"ae c%'ere"te $e !g*a#$a$ eF*a# $e$e caa> a*me *" $eterm!"a$% r%# #!ga$% a# eF% eg)" #a re!:" @*e eera * gr*% $e !g*a#e ="ece!$a$ $e acetac!:"?.
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Lo" 0e&#o" &e co0u%#cac#7%= Tra"m!te" a# "!&%Ma $e %rma re!tera$a *"a !"%rmac!:" acerca $e #% ae#e r%!% $e ca$a eF%> @*e #% "!&%Ma a!m!#a" !"c%"c!e"teme"te.
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Lo" cue%o" ra&#c#o%ale"= * er%"ae> carga$% $e Aa#%re ; act!t*$e etere%t!a$a> eem#!!ca" #% c%m%rtam!e"t% r%!% $e ca$a eF% !mera"te e" "*etra %c!e$a$.
..
COE/UCCI S CUCULOD eg)" e# DCB> #a e$*cac!:" $ee c%me"ar e" arte eta $!ere"c!a> me$!a"te *"a Aer$a$era c%e$*cac!:"> et!m*#a"$% a #% "!&%Ma e" t%$% t!% $e *eg% ; crea"$% *" am!e"te $e c%%erac!:" e"tre am% eF%. Para c%"eg*!r#% e m*; !m%rta"te #a c%#a%rac!:" c%" #% a$re> %r #% @*e e *e$e" %recer c'ar#a !"%rmat!Aa> mea-c%#%@*!%G 2. ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVAS PARA EVITAR LA DISCRIMINACIÓN DE GNERO (7artíne 7ut, Sal'oral # otros) 2.1. ETTEI LI/ L PEC S PCCD La c%e$*cac!:" e" EI e re%"a!#!$a$ $e t%$a #a c%m*"!$a$ $%ce"te> %r #% @*e $ee etar ree"te $e$e e# PCC 'ata #a P. a; @*e a"a#!ar t%$% #% e#eme"t% @*e !"terA!e"e" e" e# !t.E$*cat!A% ara $etectar e# eF!m% @*e eF!ta e" e##% ; e" *"c!:" $e et%> r%gramar #a etrateg!a c%e$*cat!Aa "ecear!a.
El e%or%o= La $!ere"c!ac!:" $e r%#e e" *"c!:" $e# eF% e r%$*ct% $e #a !"#*e"c!a $e# e"t%r"% am!#!ar ; %c!%c*#t*ra# $e# ce"tr%. L% 1N e $!ag"%t!car e" @*, me$!$a e 84
$a e# eF!m% e" ee e"t%r"%. 2N /etectar #% etere%t!% $e g,"er% m< arra!ga$% e" a#*m"% ; r%e%re. 3N "a#!ar #% aect% $e# ce"tr% @*e !"c!$e" e" #a $!ere"c!ac!:" $e eF%> ara t%mar #a me$!$a c%rrect!Aa %%rt*"a.
El +ro,e"ora&o= E "ecear!% a"a#!ar #a %rga"!ac!:" ; $!tr!*c!:" $e# r%e%ra$% e" #a *"c!%"e $e# ce"tr%> ara Aer ! e re!te #a m!ma etr*ct*ra $!cr!m!"at!Aa @*e eF!te e" #a c%m*"!$a$D E rec*e"te @*e #% carg% $e re%"a!#!$a$ #% %c*e" #% maetr%> ; #a maetra %c*e" *et% $e me"% re%"a!#!$a$ % tí!came"te eme"!"%. e *g!ere @*e e# ")mer% $e r%e%ra ; r%e%re @*e c%"t!t*;e" #% *et% $e re%"a!#!$a$ ea reree"tat!A% $e# %rce"tae $e '%mre ; m*ere $e# e@*!% e$*cat!A% $e# ce"tr%> % te"ga car @*, t!% $e m%$e#% et< tra"m!t!e"$% ; %r ta"t%> re%ra"$%. P%r %tr% #a$%> $ee !"%rmar a# er%"a# "% $%ce"te $e * !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa reect% a #a c%e$*cac!:". El "e;#"0o a ra-9" &el le%$uae D E" "*etra c*#t*ra e Aa#%ra #% mac*#!"% %r e"c!ma $e #% eme"!"% $e!$% a #% *erte rag% atr!arca#e> %r e##%> ara tra"m!t!r *"a Aa#%rac!:" !$,"t!ca ara am% eF% $eem% *car eFre!%"e a#ter"at!Aa a #a tra$!c!%"a#e. E# MEC rec%m!e"$a *t!t*!r #% ge",r!c% mac*#!"%D Per%"a a$*#ta e" #*gar $e a$*#t%> am!#!a e" #*gar $e a$re> a#*m"a$% e" #*gar $e a#*m"%... Relac#7% co% la" ,a0#l#a"= e $ee c%"%cer reA!ame"te #a act!t*$ am!#!ar =e"treA!ta !"!c!a#? reect% a #a c%"tr*cc!:" $e #% r%#e e" c*a"t% a# g,"er% ara $etectar aect% ara #a c%e$*cac!:". Ete traa% er< eect!A%> ! e c%#a%ra $e$e e# '%gar c%" #a acc!:" c%e$*cat!Aa $e# ce"tr%. 2.*.
IKEL /E L P E"+ac#o &el aula= L% "!&% ; "!&a *t!#!a" #% eac!% $e# a*#a $e %rma $!ere"te> re%ra$% %r #a $!t!"ta eFectat!Aa. Tra %erAar ! et% *ce$e =*% $e r!"c%"e?> e $ee !"terAe"!r =%r$e" r%tat%r!%G?.
A$ru+a0#e%o"= I"te"tar @*e e" #% gr*% eF!ta !g*a# r%%rc!:" "!&%-"!&a =gr*% m!Ft%?> *e e# $ee@*!#!r!% !"#*;e e" #% c%m%rtam!e"t% =e# eF% e" !"er!%r!$a$ "*m,r!ca> e aAaa##a$% %r e# %tr%?. Ac#-#&a& #%,a%#l / ue$o "#087l#co= traA, $e# *eg% !m:#!c% e a$@*!ere" #% ae#e $e g,"er% !mera"te e" #a c%m*"!$a$. e"era#me"te> a #% "!&% e #e et!m*#a 'ac!a *eg% $!ere"te eg)" * eF%> $earr%##a"$% *"a caac!$a$e> Aa#%re ; $etrea $!t!"ta e" ca$a *"%> A!,"$%e r!Aa$% $e eFer!e"c!a !m%rta"te ara *" /I. E# *eg% $ee *are c%m% rec*r% met%$%#:g!c% ara traaar #a c%e$*cac!:". Maer#ale" / u$uee"= L% mater!a#e m< )t!#e ara traaar #a c%e$*cac!:" %" #% re#ac!%"a$% c%" #a A!$a c%t!$!a"a ; #% c*e"t% c%" m%$e#% "% etere%t!a$% e" c*a"t% a# g,"er%. E" e# a*#a> 'a; @*e aeg*rare $e @*e #% *eg% "% e retr!"a" a *" %#% eF%> ac!#!tar @*e #% "!&% *eg*e" c%" *g*ete $e "!&a ; A!ceAera ; r%c*rar @*e #% carte#e> #!r%G c%"te"ga" !m '%mre traaa"$% e" caa> !m
BLOQUE IK -
Tema 7 Tema 15
TEMA K
1. La ,a0#l#a co0o +r#0er a$e%e &e "oc#al#6ac#7% (Palacios # Paniagua,9/: “Cola0oraci4n con los *ares”)
1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
/e#!m!tac!%"e ge"te %c!a#!a$%re La am!#!a e" 0-6 a&%. Kí"c*#% aect!A%. %c!a#!ac!:".
*. La ra%",or0ac#7% &e la ,u%c#7% e&uca#-a &e la ,a0#l#a a lo lar$o &e la (#"or#a(e'ause: “Historia e la infancia”) 2.1. Tra"%rmac!:" '!t:r!ca 2.2. T!% $e am!#!a eec!a#e
. E;+eca#-a" ,a0#l#are" re"+eco a la EI = 7!A!a0ala , # Palacios) 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4.
La am!#!a ; #a EI e" #a #eg!#ac!:" EFectat!Aa $e #a am!#!a e" e# 1er c!c#% EFectat!Aa $e #a am!#!a e" e# 2N c!c#% EFectat!Aa eg)" e# "!Ae# %c!%-c*#t*ra#
2. Per#o&o &e a&a+ac#7% &e lo" %#'o" al ce%ro e&uca#-o (Cone 7artí, $9! Períoo e aa*taci4n a la escuela infantil! 7%C)
4.1. 4.2. 4.3.
Per!%$% $e a$atac!:" +Q*!," e a$ata +P%r @*, +C:m% Cr!ter!% ; %rga"!ac!:" $e #a ec*e#a !"a"t!# e" ete er!%
%$3. Relac#o%e" e%re la ,a0#l#a / el equ#+o &oce%e (;O%) 5.1. 5.2. 5.3.
e#ac!%"e %r "ece!$a$ ; e!cac!a Pr%#ema e" #a c%#a%rac!:" a$re-maetr% +C:m% 'acer#%
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
86
TEMA K LA FAMILIA COMO PRIMER AGENTE DE SOCIALIACIÓN (Palacios #
1.
Paniagua,9/: “Cola0oraci4n con los *ares”)
1.1.
/ELIITCIOED La "oc#al#6ac#7% e e# r%ce% $e a$@*!!c!:" $e #% Aa#%re> c%"%c!m!e"t% ; c%"$*cta @*e "ece!ta e# "!&% ara c%m%rtare c%m% #a %c!e$a$ #e eF!ge. L% a$e%e" &e "oc#al#6ac#7% %" !"$!A!$*% % !"t!t*c!%"e caace $e Aa#%rar #a a$ec*ac!:" $e #a c%"$*cta a #a eF!ge"c!a %c!a#e ; ac!#!tar * !"ter!%r!ac!:". La %c!a#!ac!:" e !"!c!a e" #a am!#!a ; c%"t!")a e" #a ec*e#a.
1.2.
ETE OCILIW/OE /eterm!"a$a er%"a =a$re> Pa$re> erma"%> %tr% am!#!are> am!g%>
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maetr% ; %tr% a$*#t%.? -
/eterm!"a$a !"t!t*c!%"e =am!#!a> g*ar$ería ; ec*e#a?
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Otr% gr*% %c!a#e $e erte"e"c!a =c#ae %c!a#G?
-
Otr% act%reD L% me$!% $e c%m*"!cac!:"> e# aí> #a %"a ge%gr<!ca> %"a
r*ra# % *ra"a> etc. 1.3. L (ILI E 0-6 HO. KCULO (ECTIKO =OCILIWCI?D E# rec!," "ac!$% t!e"e ;a #a "ece!$a$ r!mar!a $e A!"c*#are aect!Aame"te a #a er%"a. E *" act!A% *ca$%r $e etím*#% %c!a#e> ; ;a e" e# 1er a&% eta#ece Aí"c*#% aect!A% $!ere"c!a#e c%" a#g*"a er%"a> r!"c!a#me"te c%" #a @*e at!ace" * "ece!$a$e <!ca =PEO?> eta !"teracc!:" "!&%-a$*#t% a)" e <!came"te $!<$!ca ="!&%-a$re> "!&%-ma$re? ; e caracter!a %r er m*; a%re"te> a!m,tr!ca =e# a$*#t% c%"tr%#a #a !"teracc!:"? ; erm!!Aa =e c%"!$era @*e e# "!&% t%$aAía "% *e$e %e$ecer?. art!r $e #% 2 a&% e# "!&% a$@*!ere c%mete"c!a 0oora" %ue-a" =#%c%m%c!:"G?> 0e%ale" =!m%#!m%G? ; l#%$!"#ca" =a$@*!!c!:" $e# #e"g*ae? @*e #e $a" c!erta a*t%"%mía> ma;%r c%mre"!:" $e #a rea#!$a$ ; %rma $e c%m*"!cac!:" m< r!ca. Per% a)" t!e"e m*c'a #!m!tac!%"eD "% 'a !"ter!%r!a$% #a m%ra# =* *!c!% $ee"$e" $e #% a$*#t%> m%ra# 'eter:"%ma?> a)" "% e em #% @*e 'ace" @*e #a re#ac!:" "!&%a$*#t% ea> a$em< $e aect*%a ; %!t!Aa> c%"#!ct!Aa.
LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA FUNCIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LA FAMILIA A LO LARGO DE LA 5ISTORIA.
*.
(e'ause: “Historia e la infancia”)
2.1.
T(OCI ITICD La am!#!a e #a e"carga$a $e tra"m!t!r a #% "!&% #% Aa#%re ; "%rma $e #a c*#t*ra a #a @*e erte"ece> er% #a %c!e$a$e "% %" et #% Aa#%re 'a" Aar!a$% e" e# t!em%. Et% cam!% 'a" aecta$% a #a am!#!a ; a * *"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa. La eA%#*c!:" $e #a am!#!a "% e #!"ea#> eF!te" m*c'% t!% $e am!#!a '%; ; %r ta"t% m*c'% !tema eA%#*t!A%. 87
•
La ,a0#l#a e% la A%#$e&a& / el Me&#e-o - % eF!te" $at% %re #a *"c!:" e$*cat!Aa $e #a am!#!a e" * %ríge"e> e #:g!c% e"ar @*e * *"c!%"e !a" m< a##< $e #a ate"c!:" a "ece!$a$e !!%#:g!ca ; r%tecc!:" a #a cría 'ata * ma$*re. - E" #a "t!g*a rec!a #a e$*cac!:" am!#!ar te"ía e# %et!A% $e @*e #% "!&% ##egara" a er )t!#e ara %te"er a #% a$re e" #a Aee ="% e# $earr%##% er%"a#?. La %c!a#!ac!:" e $aa e" círc*#% am#!%. L% "!&% are"$ía" #% "ecear!% a;*$a"$% a #% ma;%re ; #a "!&a era" e$*ca$a %r #a ma$re ara c*m#!r *" ae# a!A% e" #a %c!e$a$ =!" e$*cac!:" %rma#?. - E" e# m*"$% r%ma"%> #a r!"c!a# *"c!:" $e #a am!#!a> a$em< $e #a c%"t!"*!$a$ $e #a eec!e ; rer%$*cc!:" c*#t*ra#> era crear #% *t*r% %#$a$% ; c%"tr!*;e"te. E# *ater fa'ilias e #a c#aAe $e #a *"!$a$ am!#!ar> e @*!e" $ete"ta #a a*t%r!$a$ ; e e"carga $e #a e$*cac!:" $e# "!&% =! #% acetaa?. La '!a c%" #a ma$re are"$e" #a tarea $%m,t!ca.
• La ,a0#l#a +re#%&u"r#al D ata #a eA.I"$*tr!a# #a e$*cac!:" $e #% '!% t!e"e !"e
*t!#!tar!% ; e# $earr%##% $e ,t% e *"a c%"ec*e"c!a $e #a %rmac!:" @*e rec!e" ara !"c%r%rare c*a"t% a"te a# m*"$% r%$*ct!A%. La %c!e$a$e re!"$*tr!a#e %" agríc%#a ; et<" *erteme"te etame"ta$a =c%" ecaa % "*#a m%A!#!$a$ %c!a#?. La %c!e$a$ e etr*ct*ra e" t%r"% a #a am!#!a =e" *" e"t!$% m*; am#!%?. • La ,a0#l#a (o/ =/e$e #a I"$*tr!a#!ac!:" 'ata e# . [[I?D La !"$*tr!a#!ac!:"
c%"##eAa *"a m%A!#!$a$ ge%gr<!ca $e# cam% a #a c!*$a$ =$%"$e emerge #a act!A!$a$ ec%":m!ca? @*e $!!c*#ta #% #a% $e am#!% are"tec% ; #a am!#!a e "*c#ear!a. L% $!ere"te em#e% c%" $!ere"te ret!g!% 'ace" aarecer "*eAa c#ae %c!a#e aa$a e" #% !"gre% ; "% e" #a am!#!a $e %r!ge"> $!A!$!e"$% et% a #a am!#!a. La !"$*tr!a#!ac!:" %!!#!ta a #a m*ere traaar *era $e caa> #% @*e ge"era #a "ece!$a$ $e @*e %tra er%"a % !"t!t*c!:" c%#a%re e" #a e$*cac!:" $e #% '!%. # a*me"tar #a m*ere traaa$%ra> #% '%mre e !"A%#*cra" m< e" #a tarea $%m,t!ca ; c*!$a$% $e '!%. t% cam!% aecta" a #% Aa#%re tra$!c!%"a#e @*e tram!tía #a am!#!a =r%#e> a*t%r!$a$ $e# a$reG?. 2.2.
TIPO /E (ILI EPECILE - Fa0#l#a" 0o%o+are%ale" > t%$a #a re%"a!#!$a$ $e #% '!% recae e" *"a %#a er%"a> #% @*e c%"##eAa %c% t!em% ara e# $eca"% e !"teree er%"a#e. - Fa0#l#a" co08#%a&a" > e r%$*ce" %r@*e e# a$reMma$re @*e et< %#%> e"c*e"tra c%ma&er%Ma> e# "*eA% m!emr% *e#e te"er Aí"c*#% em%c!%"a#e me"% *erte a# r!"c!!% c%" e# "!&%. - Fa0#l#a" &e #%0#$ra%e" D *%"e" a "!Ae# e$*cat!A% c%"#!ct% e"tre c%t*mre> re#!g!:"> c*#t*raG @*e e A!Ae e" caa ; #a @*e e tra"m!te a "!Ae# ec%#ar =ca% ( 2002 Ae#%?
88
- Fa0#l#a" +ro&uco &e 0ar#0o%#o (o0o"e;ual D eg)" #a ar%ac!:" e" e# C%"gre% b2004 c%" caac!$a$ #ega# ara #a a$%c!:" $e '!%. % ##eAa a *car *" "*eA% e"%@*e $e #a e$*cac!:" eF*a#. - Ora"D Parea eara$a> am!#!a rec%"tr*!$a> am!#!a $e ac%g!$a> am!#!a a$%t!Aa> am!#!a %rma$a $e a*e#% ; "!et%> etc.
EPECTATIVAS FAMILIARES RESPECTO A LA EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL = 7!A!a0ala , # Palacios) 3.1. L (ILI S L EI E L LEILCID La c*et!:" %!c!a# e re#ac!%"a c%" #a "ecear!a c%#a%rac!:" am!#!a-ec*e#a. La art!c!ac!:" $e #% a$re e" e# ce"tr% !"a"t!# e *"a gara"tía $e e!cac!a e$*cat!Aa. U"a ec*e#a !"a"t!# art!c!at!Aa> e *"a ec*e#a $e ca#!$a$ =Waa#a?. La LO/E> LOE ; * .// r%*g"a" #a c%#a%rac!:" ec*e#a-am!#!a> !" #a c*a# "% e *e$e #%grar e# !" $e #a e$*cac!:"D e# /I. .
3.2.
E[PECTTIK /E L (ILI E EL 1E CICLOD L% a$re @*!ere" *"$ame"ta#me"te #!erac!:" $e #a ate"c!%"e $%m,t!ca ara c%" * '!% ara %$er traaar *"a Ae $!r*ta$% #% mee $e mater"!$a$. í> #% a$re eera" ate"c!:" temra"a a #% '!%> '%rar!% #a%ra# a!ert% ara eA!tar !m#!car a %tr% ; #a at!acc!:" $e * "ece!$a$e <!ca.
3.3. E[PECTTIK /E L (ILI E EL 2N CICLOD Baa$% e" e# $%c*me"t% Cola8orac#7% &e lo" +a&re" $e e"X" Palac#o" > MEC 1> #a eFectat!Aa @*e t!e"e" #% a$re ; e$*ca$%re %"D - %re *"c!%"eD Pa$re ; aetr% $etaca" #a *"c!:" %c!a#!a$%ra $e #a EI. L% a$re Aa#%ra" m< #a *"c!%"e tra$!c!%"a#e =$!c!#!"aG? ; #% maetr% #a re#at!Aa a# $earr%##% !"a"t!# =creat!A!$a$...? - %re caracterít!ca $eea#eD Pa$re ; maetr% Aa#%ra" e" 1er #*gar #a rearac!:" ; c%mete"c!a $e #% e$*ca$%re. L% a$re Aa#%ra" m< #a caracterít!ca í!ca $e# ce"tr% ; #% maetr% #a rat!%. - Pr!"c!!% e$*cat!A%D /ar c%"!a"a a# "!&% e e# r!"c!!% m< Aa#%ra$% %r a$re ; maetr%. - %re #a !m%rta"c!a atr!*!$a a #a #ect%-ecr!t*raD Pa$re ; maetr% $!!ere" e" #% reere"te a# m%me"t% e" @*e $ee te"er #*gar> m< a$re @*e e$*ca$%re $e!e"$e" * !"!c!% e" #a Ec*e#a I"a"t!#. - %re #a e$a$D Pa$re ; maetr% c%!"c!$e" e" @*e e $eería emear a a!t!r a ce"tr% e$*cat!A% a #% 2-3 a&%. 3.4.
E[PECTTIK EJ IKEL OCIO-CULTULD me"%r "!Ae# $e et*$!% am!#!ar> m< $etaca" #a c%"cec!%"e tra$!c!%"a#e acerca $e #a EI. ma;%r "!Ae#> c%"cec!:" m< m%$er"a =\ !m#!cac!:"?
2.
PERIODO DE ADAPTACIÓN DE LOS NIÑOS AL CENTRO EDUCATIVO (Cone 7artí, $9! Períoo e aa*taci4n a la escuela infantil! 7%C) 89
4.1. PND Pr%ce% e" e# @*e e# "!&% e#a%ra #a ,r$!$a ; #a ga"a"c!a @*e #e *%"e #a earac!:"> 'ata ##egar a acetar#a =C%"$e?. I"c%r%rare a #a ec*e#a *%"e a#!r $e# m*"$% eg*r% ; c%"%c!$% @*e e #a am!#!a> ara e"re"tare a a#g% $ec%"%c!$% ="*eA% eac!%> er%"aG?. Eta earac!:" ge"era gra" a"!e$a$ ; a"g*t!a *e a# "% te"er a$@*!r!$a #a "%c!:" $e !"terAa#% =t!em% #!m!ta$% $e earac!:"? e cree aa"$%"a$%. La *erac!:" $e et% m!e$% erm!te $!r*tar $e #a eFer!e"c!a @*e #a ec*e#a %rece> *"$ame"ta# ara * a*t%et!ma ; crec!m!e"t% er%"a#. La a$atac!:" #a a*me e# "!&% a%;a$% %r am!#!a ; maetr% =!" $*rac!:" !a?. 4.2.
+QUI E /PT +PO QU +CO eec!a#me"te #a ma$re. La ma"era e" @*e ,ta A!Aa #a earac!:"> re#ac!%"a$% c%" e# rec*er$% $e * A!Ae"c!a =!"eg*r!$a$> tra"@*!#!$a$G? !"#*!r< $e %rma $eterm!"a"te e" #a a$atac!:" $e# "!&% a# ce"tr% $e EI. /ee" c%"!ar e" e# maetr%.
Por qu9 "e +ro&uce P%r@*e e #a 1 eFer!e"c!a r%#%"ga$a $e earac!:" $e #a am!#!a ; e Ae $e"tr% $e *" gr*% %c!a# $!t!"t%> $%"$e ;a "% e e# r%tag%"!ta> m%$!!c<"$%e e# c%"teFt% $e re#ac!%"e.
C70o "e e;+re"a el %#'o /ee"$e $e * %!!#!$a$e eFre!Aa ; m%me"t% eA%#*t!A%. La ma"!etac!%"e m< rec*e"te %" ##a"t%> ra!etaG =t%$a ma"!etac!:" e "%rma#?. La %rma $e !t*are e" e# eac!% =! e ec%"$eG?> #a act!t*$e 'ac!a e# mater!a# =e aerra a #% %et% @*e trae $e caaG? ; #a re#ac!:" c%" e# maetr% =!"$!ere"c!a> $ee"$e"c!aG? tam!," "% !"%rma $e c:m% et< e# "!&% a$at<"$%e.
C70o e-oluc#o%a la a&a+ac#7% E "%rma# @*e 'a;a retr%ce%> "% e *" r%ce% #!"ea# "! r%gre!A%. E# r%ce% term!"a c*a"$% e# "!&% art!c!a e" act!A!$a$e ; e re#ac!%"a c%" * c%ma&er% ; maetr%.
4.3.
CITEIO S OIWCI /E L ECUEL I(TIL E ETE PEIO/OD E# PN $ee etar reA!t% $e$e PCC. L% cr!ter!% ge"era#e ; %rga"!at!A% ara a$atar #a acc!:" e$*cat!Aa e" e# PN %"D −
te"c!:" a #a $!ere"c!a !"$!A!$*a#eD e $ee %rga"!ar #% eac!%> t!em% ; mater!a#e ara @*e ca$a "!&% !e"ta @*e %c*a *" eac!% r%!% ; @*e e Aa#%ra$% !"$!A!$*a#me"te.
−
te"c!:" a# m*"$% em%c!%"a# $e# "!&%D La ec*e#a $ee aA%recer e# $earr%##% em%c!%"a#> eec!a#me"te e" ete er!%$%. E !m%rta"te #a a$ec*ac!:" $e am!e"te @*e a%rte" ca#!$e> eg*r!$a$ aect!Aa> etc.
−
I"c%r%rac!:" $e #% "!&%D 1N e !"c%r%ra" #% a"t!g*% a#*m"% =re!"c%r%rac!:" ; a$atac!:" a #% "*eA% eac!%?. L% "*eA% e !"c%r%ra" !"$!A!$*a#me"te =eA!ta"$% #% )#t!m% $ía $e #a ema"a?.
−
Pr%gre!:" e" * '%rar!% $e eta"c!aD E# t!em% $e erma"e"c!a $e #% "*eA% $ee a*me"tar $e %rma gra$*a# ; #eF!#e. E# 1er $ía> :#% me$!a ma&a"a =c%" * ma$re?. E# $ía !g*!e"te m!m% '%rar!% =%#%?. 90
3. RELACIONES ENTRE LA FAMILIA ? EL E %r #% @*e e !mrec!"$!#e @*e 'a;a *" c%"tact% e"tre am%. E# are"$!ae $e #% "!&% et< A!"c*#a$% a #a e;+er#e%c#a" &e la -#&a
co#&#a%a. P%r e##%> #% @*e 'ace" *era $e# ce"tr% t!e"e ta"ta !m%rta"c!a e$*cat!Aa c%m% #% @*e 'ace" $e"tr%. E "ecear!% @*e #a !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa e" am% c%"teFt% te"ga
co0+le0e%ar#e&a& / co%#%u#&a& > e# maetr% $ee c%"%cer #a !t*ac!:" am!#!ar $e #% "!&% ; #% a$re #a e$*cac!:" @*e e $a a * '!%. La c%#a%rac!:" $e #% a$re $ara%#6a u%a acc#7% e&uca#-a 0" e,#ca6= La !m#!cac!:" $e #% a$re #e $a %tra erect!Aa %re e# "!&% ; * e$*cac!:"> #e a%rta "*eAa act!t*$e e !$ea m< et!m*#a"te. 5.2.
POBLE E L COLBOCI P/E-ETO La EI e 'a !m#a"ta$% e" Ea&a c%m% *"a eFte"!:" 'ac!a $ea% $e #a e$*cac!:" %#!gat%r!a ; et% *e$e 'aer c%"$!c!%"a$% #a $eA!"c*#ac!:" am!#!a-ec*e#a. -
La art!c!ac!:" $e #% a$re e m< $eea#e er% tam!," m< c%t%a. Sa @*e a$re ; e$*ca$%re e e"e!c!a" $e #a eF!te"c!a $e 2 m*"$% eara$%D %r@*e aí "!"g*"% !"#*;e e" #a acc!%"e $e# %tr%.
5.3.
+CO CELOD La 2 ma"era <!ca %"D E# !"tercam!% $e !"%rmac!:" %re e# "!&% =!" tec"!c!m%G?. L% r!"c!a#e ca*ce %r #% @*e %te"er !"%rmac!%"e %"D Co%aco #%,or0al &#ar#o= e t!e"e $!ar!ame"te a? e" #a ec*e#a !" *"a !"a#!$a$ eFrea $e c%"tactar. P%$em% a"a#!ar @*!," rec%ge a# "!&%> ! ar%Aec'a ara !"%rmare> c:m% e 'a#a $e#a"te $e# "!&%> etc.
E%re-#"a= Imrec!"$!#e a# c%m!e"% $e #a ? ec%#ar!ac!:"> ara recaar !"%rmac!:" %re e# "!&%. Tam!," )t!# a# !"a# $e c*r%> ara !"%rmar $e #a eA%#*c!:" @*e 'a eg*!$% e# "!&%. Cue"#o%ar#o= c? %rta !tem
91
Noa" #%,or0a#-a"= *; c%m*"e e" e# 1er e? c!c#%> !"%rma" %re aect% re#ac!%"a$% a #% c*!$a$% !!%#:g!c% =ta#:"> me"ae a$'e!A%G? % !"%rmac!:" $e car cartaG?. La !m#!cac!:" $e #% a$re e" #a A!$a ec%#arD P*e$e $are $e %rma S#"e0#ca =Car
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Term!"ar c%" #a !$ea La e$*cac!:" e c%a $e 3 \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
92
TEMA 13 1. La ,u%c#7% &el 0ae"ro e% EI (Alfieri, ! # otros, 19>9: “Profesi4n: 7aestro! ;as 0ases”!)
1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
/e#!m!tac!:" (*"c!%"e $e# maetr% (*"c!%"e %r %et!A%
*. I%e%c#o%al#&a& e&uca#-a 2.1. 2.2.
(CE5$9)
I"tr%$*cc!:" La !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa e" #a #a"!!cac!:" ; c%"$*cc!:" $e# r%ce% $e E-
. Relac#o%e" #%erac#-a" %#'o:0ae"ro (Car'en Sal'oral, 1996! =e'ario e o*osiciones)!
3.1. 3.2. 3.3.
/e#!m!tac!:" c*rr!c*#ar *"te '!t:r!c% Caracterít!ca $e #a !"teracc!:"
2. El 0ae"ro co0o 0#e08ro &el equ#+o e&uca#-o / e% "u relac#7% co% la" ,a0#l#a" (I0a&e Sanin, 199>: “%l *ro#ecto e %I # su *rctica en el aula)
4.1. 4.2.
E# maetr% c%m% m!emr% $e# e@*!% e$*cat!A% E# maetr% e" * re#ac!:" c%" #a am!#!a
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
93
TEMA 13 LA FUNCIÓN DEL MAESTRO EN EI
1.
(Alfieri, ! # otros, 19>9: “Profesi4n:
7aestro! ;as 0ases”!)
1.1. /ELIITCID /e #% artíc*#% 7-12 $e #a LOE $e$*c!m% @*e #a *"c!:" r!"c!a# $e# maetr% $e EI e a;*$ar a# /I ; /P> *"c!:" g#%a# @*e Aam% a $eme"*ar $e %rma m< r
D!"am!a$%ra Et!m*#a$%ra C%"%ce$%ra IHO M CUICULO Or!e"ta$%ra IHO M P/E R e#eF!%"a$%ra 1.2. a?
(UCIOE /EL ETOD =/I-P--E?. (*"c!:" $eD D#a$%7"#co= /et!"a$a a c%"%cer #a caracterít!ca eecí!ca $e #% "!&%> * !"teree ; m%t!Aac!%"e> c%"cet% reA!%...
? Pro$ra0ac#7%= traA, $e# PCC ; $e #a P. e# maetr% $ee reAer #% e#eme"t% c*rr!c*#are ; a$atar#% a * c%"$!c!%"e c%"creta ; a #a $e * a#*m"% =#a"!!car OCOE?. c? I%er-e%c#7%= Orga"!ar *" am!e"te et!m*#a"te> P#a"tear r%#ema ; a;*$ar a re%#Aer#%> Pr%%rc!%"ar eg*r!$a$ ; c%"!a"a> Orga"!ar !"teracc!%"e Aera#e ; "% Aera#e> *ger!r act!A!$a$e $e eFre!:"G $? E-aluac#7%= E# maetr% art!c!a e" #a eAa#*ac!:" $e# PCC> $e * r%!a r
(UCIOE PO OBETIKO =ce"tra$a e" #% a#*m"%?D
CARACTER4STICAS
INTERVENCIÓN DEL MAESTRO
DEL NIÑO - !g*e *" r%ce%
^ /ee c%"%cer ; reetar * %!!#!$a$e ma$*rat!Aa ;
ma$*rat!A%
c%"!ar e" * %!!#!$a$e $e
- re"$e act!Aame"te
r%gre%. ^ /ee e#ecc!%"ar r%ce$!m!e"t%> act!A!$a$e ; eFer!e"c!a @*e c%"ecte" c%" * 94
- C%"ecta "*eA%
"ece!$a$e> !"teree ; m%t!Aac!%"e. ^ /ee c%"%cer #% reA!% ; #a"!!car a art!r $e e##%.
are"$!ae c%" e@*ema reA!% - Parte $e c%"%c!m!e"t%
^ /ee r%%"er #a $!ta"c!a a$ec*a$aD "! e"%@*e
cerca"%
!m#!ta "! $ema!a$% a#ea$% $e #a
rea#!$a$ $e# "!&%. - ece!ta e"t!r eg*r!$a$ ; ^ /ee crear am!e"te c<#!$% ; eg*r%. c%"!a"a
INTENCIONALIDAD EDUCATIVA (CE5$9) 2.1. ITO/UCCID a#am% $e #a !"te"c!%"a#!$a$ %r arte $e *"a % Aar!a er%"a $e !"#*!r %re e# are"$!ae $e %traM e" *"% $eterm!"a$% r%:!t% a #% @*e rem!te" #% %et!A% e$*cat!A%. La !"te"c!%"a#!$a$ e$*cat!Aa A!e"e marca$a %r #% r!"c!!% eF#!c!ta$% e" e# /CB> @*e e ca"a#!a" e" e# PCC $e# ce"tr% c%"cret% ; e" ae $e# c*a# ca$a maetr% %r!e"ta * a*ta $e !"terAe"c!:" met%$%#:g!ca. *.
2.2.
L ITECIOE E/UCTIK E L PLI(ICCI S CO/UCCI /EL POCEO /E E-D La ec%#ar!ac!:" a$@*!ere * e"t!$% e" ae a @*e eF!te" $eterm!"a$% aect% $e# $earr%##% @*e "% te"$ría" #*gar> % "% at!act%r!ame"te> !" *"a a;*$a eecí!ca a #% !"$!A!$*% =act!A!$a$e e$*cat!Aa e"a$a ara e##%?. La e$*cac!:" ec%#ar e *"a act!A!$a$ @*e re%"$e a *"a !"te"c!%"e ; c*;% $earr%##% *%"e *"a #a"!!cac!:" @*e c%"crete $!c'a !"te"c!%"e e" r%;ect% rea#!a#e. •
La elecc#7% &e la" #%e%c#o%e" e&uca#-a"= E %!#e ate"$er gra" Aar!e$a$ $e !"te"c!%"e> er% e $!!c!# aarcar#a t%$a a #a Ae> #% @*e %#!ga a *"a e#ecc!:"> c%"!$era"$% !"%rmac!%"e $e $!ere"te "at*ra#eaD !c%#:g!ca> %c!%#:g!ca> e$ag:g!caG Eta !"%rmac!%"e r%%rc!%"a" cr!ter!% )t!#e er% "*"ca !"a#!#e. La !"te"c!%"e @*e re!$e" #a e$*cac!:" ec%#ar re#ea" #% Aa#%re $%m!"a"te $e #a %c!e$a$ $%"$e e e"marca" ;> m< $!rectame"te> $e #% !"$!A!$*% @*e #a a*me". Para $!tr!*!r #a re%"a!#!$a$e e" #a e#ecc!:" $e #a !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa e $ee" te"er e" c*e"ta 2 cr!ter!% *"$ame"ta#eD : E# r%e%r e e# )#t!m% e#a:" e" #a c%"crec!:" $e #a !"te"c!%"e> e# re%"a#e $!rect% $e * !m#eme"tac!:" ; e# )"!c% @*e t!e"e #a !"%rmac!:" "ecear!a ara ##eAar a ca% #a %!#e a$atac!%"e.
: La %c!e$a$ a traA, $e #a !"t!t*c!%"e reree"tat!Aa t!e"e #a %#!gac!:" $e gara"t!ar a t%$% #% a#*m"% #a eFer!e"c!a e$*cat!Aa "ecear!a ara * $earr%##% ; %c!a#!ac!:". •
Su ,or0ulac#7%= #g*"a !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa @*e$a" %rm*#a$a eF#!c!tame"te e" e# c*rríc*#*m m!e"tra %tra c%"t!t*;e" e# c*rríc*#*m %c*#t%. L% m< $eea#e e @*e e $eterm!"e" grac!a a# traa% c%%erat!A% $e #a c%m*"!$a$ e$*cat!Aa> #% @*e erm!te *" eg*!m!e"t% c%"t!"*% 95
$e #a m!ma. E# !"!ter!% 'a e#eg!$% *" $!e&% c*rr!c*#ar (E @*e erm!te ate"$er a #a $!Aer!$a$ $e# a#*m"a$% ; $e# c%"teFt% %c!%c*#t*ra# $%"$e Aa a te"er A!ge"c!a. Orece #a %%rt*"!$a$ $e c%"crec!:" a $!t!"t% "!Ae#e =1N/CBD C%m*"!$a$ *t:"%ma> 2NPCCDCe"tr% ; 3NPD Pr%e%r?. RELACIONES INTERACTIVAS NIÑO:MAESTRO (Car'en Sal'oral, 1996!
.
=e'ario e o*osiciones)!
3.1.
/ELIITCI CUICULD *"@*e !m%rta"te e" t%$a #a etaa> #% aect% re#ac!%"a#e c%ra" *" re#!eAe eec!a# e" EI. La caracterít!ca $e #% "!&% $e EI> 'ace" !mrec!"$!#e @*e e" #a ec*e#a e"c*e"tre" *" am!e"te c<#!$%> ac%ge$%r ; eg*r%> @*e et!m*#e #a re#ac!%"e !"terer%"a#e ; c%"tr!*;a a #a c%"tr*cc!:" $e *"a a*t%!mage" %!t!Aa =/CB?.
3.2.
PUTE ITICOD /*ra"te m*c'% a&% e" #a !c%#%gía eA%#*t!Aa 'a $%m!"a$% #a c%"cec!:" !"$!A!$*a#!ta $e# $earr%##% =$a$a #a !"#*e"c!a $e P!aget @*e %t!e"e @*e e# $earr%##% e a#g% !"$!A!$*a# $%"$e #a !"teracc!:" e$*cat!Aa t!e"e *" ae# ec*"$ar!%?. í> $*ra"te #a ,%ca e" Ea&a $e #a Le; e"era# E$*cac!:" =1970? e arte $e @*e e# "!&% are"$e %#%> e" !"teracc!:" c%" mater!a#e $!Aer% e" *" am!e"te et!m*#a"te. !" emarg%> #a r%!a r ;a @*e *e$e 'acer aAa"ar * $earr%##% a traA, $e #a #a"!!cac!:" e !"teracc!%"e c%" e# "!&%. E" ete e"t!$%> K!g%tY; "% 'a#a $e #a W/P.
3.3.
CCTETIC /E L ITECCID Tra8ao $lo8al#6a&o= e $ee !"ertar #a act!A!$a$ *"t*a# m< − !g"!!cat!Aa @*e e# a#*m"% e" ca$a m%me"t% *e$a 'acer. E# traa% g#%a#!a$% %r ce"tr% $e !"ter, *%"e c%m% *"t% !"a# #a %te"c!:" $e a#g)" t!% $e r%$*ct% =m*ra#> %et%G? @*e rec%e g#%a#me"te e# re*#ta$% $e #a act!A!$a$e. −
Tra8ao +ar#c#+a#-o= e $ee %!!#!tar #a art!c!ac!:" $e t%$% #% a#*m"% e" #a $!t!"ta act!A!$a$e ;a @*e #a )"!ca %rma $e a*tar #a a;*$a e te"er !"%rmac!:" %re a@*e##% a #% @*e $ee a*tare ; #a ma"era $e %te"er ea !"%rmac!:" e @*e e# a#*m"%> a traA, $e * art!c!ac!:"> %reca !"$!cac!%"e a# reect%.
−
Cl#0a a,ec#-o= Baa$% e" #a c%"!a"a> #a eg*r!$a$ ; #a acetac!:" m*t*a. /%"$e @*ea #a c*r!%!$a$> #a %rrea ; e# !"ter, %r c%"%cer. 96
−
Pro0o-er la auo%o0!a= e $ee r%m%Aer e# *% a*t:"%m% $e #% c%"%c!m!e"t% @*e et<" are"$!e"$% #% a#*m"%. Et% *%"e 2 act*ac!%"eD La r%A!!:" $e eac!% ; t!em% e" @*e #% a#*m"% te"ga" @*e *ar ca! !" a;*$a #% are"$!$% ; e# *% $e rec*r% @*e %me"te" e# are"$!ae $e etrateg!a @*e erm!ta" are"$er $e %rma a*t:"%ma.
2.
−
E"a8lecer relac#o%e" co%"a%e" e"tre #% "*eA% c%"te"!$% ; #% c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!%.
−
U"ar le%$uae claro / co%c#"o= EA!ta"$% ma#e"te"$!$% % !"c%mre"!%"e. Pa*taD A%ca*#ar!% a$ec*a$% a #% a#*m"%> eem#!!car #% t,rm!"% "*eA%> re#ac!%"ar c%"cet% "*eA%-reA!%G
−
U"ar el le%$uae +ara co%e;ual#6ar / reco%ce+ual#6ar= Pa*taD ret%mar #% $!c'% %r *" a#*m"% ; re!"terretar#% e" t,rm!"% m< t,c"!c%> ar%Aec'ar *" t,rm!"% ara eF#!car 1 e":me"% c%t!$!a"%G
EL MAESTRO COMO MIEMBRO DEL E: “%l *ro#ecto e %I # su *rctica en el aula)
4.1.
EL ETO COO IEBO /EL EQUIPO E/UCTIKOD E# e@*!% e$*cat!A% #% c%"t!t*;e" #% r%e%re a @*!e"e #e c%mete *" "!Ae# ;M% etaa e$*cat!Aa =a@*í EI? ; %r ta"t% "!&% $e caracterít!ca a!"e c%" "ece!$a$e e !"teree a!"e> a #% @*e $ee a$atare e# PCC ac%r$a$% %r t%$% e# e@*!%. Traaar e" e@*!% *%"e !"tegrar #a $!Aer!$a$ =$e %rmac!:"> !"tereeG? e" *"a r%gramac!:" c%m)". •
Re"+o%"a8#l#&a&e"D E# maetr%> a$em< $e * *"c!:" c%m% t*t%r> c%m% mí"!m%> %rma arte $e# c#a*tr%> e@*!% $e etaa ; c!c#%D
-
C%m% t*t%rD
97
C%m% m!emr% $e# c#a*tr%D E# c#a*tr% e *" :rga"% $e art!c!ac!:" $e #% maetr% e" e# ce"tr%. #g*"a $e #a c%mete"c!a $e# c#a*tr% =eg)" RD *):1:)? %"D E#a%rar r%*eta ara e# PEC ; #a P> Eta#ecer cr!ter!% ara e#a%rar #% r%;ect% c*rr!c*#are $e etaa> ar%ar#%> eAa#*ar#% ; $ec!$!r %!#e m%$!!cac!%"e> r%ar #% aect% $%ce"te $e #a P> r%ar #% cr!ter!% e$ag:g!c% ara e#a%rar #% '%rar!% $e #% a#*m"%> Ka#%rar #a eA%#*c!:" $e# re"$!m!e"t% ge"era# $e# ce"tr% a traA, $e #a eAa#*ac!%"eG C%m% m!emr% $e# e@*!% $e c!c#% ; etaaD Ca$a maetr% art!c!a e" #a re#eF!:" $e# Pr%;ect% c*rr!c*#ar $e Etaa ; %rma arte $e# e@*!% $e c!c#% =*"c!%"e @*e c%"$!c!%"a" * act*ac!:" c%m% t*t%r a# te"er @*e a*tar ea $ec!!%"e t%ma$a ara #a etaa ; e# c!c#%> a * gr*% $e a#*m"%?. #g*"a c%mete"c!aD (%rm*#ar r%*eta a #a COCOPE ara #a e#a%rac!:" $e #% r%;ect% c*rr!c*#are $e etaa> a"te"er act*a#!a$a #a met%$%#%gía $!$ Orga"!ar #a act!A!$a$e c%m#eme"tar!a ; eFtraec%#are> c%r$ar #a etrateg!a $e eAa#*ac!:" a *ar e" #a etaa> $ec*ar #% %et!A% a #a ec*#!ar!$a$e $e# ce"tr% ; a #% a#*m"% c%" EE> e#ecc!%"ar ara ca$a c!c#% mater!a#e c*rr!c*#are> ea#!ar #a eAa#*ac!:" $e #a r
La e"cuela e" co"a &e D La ec*e#a c%marte c%" #a am!#!a #a #a%r e$*cat!Aa> *e * e!cac!a $ee"$e $e #a *"!$a$ $e cr!ter!% e$*cat!A% e" caa ; ec*e#a =c%%r$!"ac!:" %r "ece!$a$ ; e!cac!a?. E# 1er m%me"t% ara eta c%m*"!cac!:" e #a e"treA!ta !"!c!a# =e %t!e"e" $at% $e# "!&% ; e !"%rma a #% a$re $e #a marc'a $e# ce"tr% e !m%rta"c!a $e * c%#a%rac!:"?.
•
Mo&o" &e ra8ao co% lo" +a&re" D La ree"c!a $e reree"ta"te $e #% a$re e" :rga"% c%#eg!a$% =c%"e% ec%#ar> *"ta $e c%me$%rG? c%"t!t*;e *" act%r $e art!c!ac!:" e" #a act!A!$a$e $e# ce"tr% ; $e# r%ce% e$*cat!A%. 98
•
-
traA, $e #a a%c!ac!%"e $e a$re *e$e" c%"Aert!re e" c%#a%ra$%re act!A% $e# ce"tr% e$*cat!A%.
-
K%#*"tar!a$% @*e c%"!te e" #a !"c%r%rac!:" $e am!#!are * %tra er%"a a #a tarea $!ar!a $e #a ec*e#a. *%"e *" a%;% $!rect% a e$*ca$%re ; re@*!ere *"a *e"a #a"!!cac!:" c%"*"ta.
-
La c%m!!%"e $e traa% Jc%me$%r ; r,g!me" a#!me"tar!%> c%"erAac!:" $e !"ta#ac!%"eG? e re#ac!%"a" etrec'ame"te c%" #% :rga"% $!rect!A% ; * c%"tact% c%" e# r%e%ra$% e me"% $!rect% er% e!ca.
-
L% ta##ere $e a$re %" *"a $e #a %rma $e traa% ; c%#a%rac!:" m< e"r!@*ece$%ra ! et<" !e" %rga"!a$%. * %et!A% e #a c%#a%rac!:" $e #% a$re c%m% m%"!t%re> c%"ecc!%"!ta $e# mater!a#G
Mo&o" &e co0u%#car"e co% lo" +a&re" D La re*"!%"e ge"era#e =ara tratar tema $e !"ter, ge"era#. *e#e" rea#!are tr!metra#me"te? ; $e t!% et!A% =e rea#!a" e" !eta % a#!$a eFtraec%#are. e"% %rma#e?. L% c%"tact% !"%rma#e %" reAe c%me"tar!% %re e# r%gre% $e# "!&%> a$ec*a$% ara $ar a#g*"a !"%rmac!:" c%"creta %#!c!ta$a %r #% a$re ; c%"cretar %tra !"%rmac!:" %rma#. -
L% !"%rme ecr!t% !rAe" $e %r!e"tac!:" a #% a$re. C%"!g"a $at% re#at!A% a# r%gre% $e# "!&% ; eec!!ca" e# %r @*, rea#!a % "% ta#e r%gre%.
-
La e"treA!ta er%"a#e c%"tr!*;e" a @*e a$re ; e$*ca$%re e c%"%ca" m< r%*"$ame"te ; !e"te" #a ae ara *"a *e"a c%#a%rac!:". /ee" tratar c*et!%"e %re #a eA%#*c!:" art!c*#ar $e# "!&%.
99
BLOQUE K -
Tema 16 Tema 17 Tema 24
TEMA 1)
1. La or$a%#6ac#7% &e lo" e"+ac#o" / &el #e0+o (+!!1<-91)(7%C519$9: “;os es*acios, los 'ateriales # el tie'*o en la %I”)
1.1. 1.2. 1.3.
Pre#*$!% a #a c*et!:" *t!!cac!:" $e #a "ece!$a$ $e %rga"!ac!:" am!e"ta# Pr!"c!!% $e %rga"!ac!:"
*. Cr#er#o" +ara u%a a&ecua&a &#"r#8uc#7% / or$a%#6ac#7% e"+ac#al (“%l aula co'o es*acio”, Cuaernos e *eagogía nJ 1><)
2.1. 2.2. 2.3.
/e#!m!tac!:" Cr!ter!% re#at!A% a #a er%"a Cr!ter!% re#at!A% a# e"t%r"% í!c%
. Cr#er#o" +ara u%a a&ecua&a or$a%#6ac#7% e0+oral 3.1. 3.2. 3.3.
Cr!ter!% $e %rga"!ac!:" tem%ra# Cr!ter!% e" *"c!:" $e# eac!% Cr!ter!% e" *"c!:" $e %tra Aar!a#e $e# r%ce% $e E-
2. R#0o" / ru#%a" co#&#a%a" 4.1. 4.2.
(Caa +oa el 7%C)
(7oll errK, Sanin # otros)
/e#!m!tac!%"e Pa*ta ara e# t!em% $e r*t!"a 100
4.3. 4.4.
+C:m% ##eA% a ca% #% r!"c%"e e" m! a*#a $e P-3 %rar!% er%"a# $e r*t!"a
3. E-aluac#7% &e lo" e"+ac#o" / el #e0+o 5.1. 5.2.
EAa#*ac!:" $e #% eac!% EAa#*ac!:" $e# t!em%
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1) 1. LA ORGANIACIÓN DE LOS ESPACIOS ? DEL TIEMPO (+!!1<-91)(7%C519$9: “;os es*acios, los 'ateriales # el tie'*o en la %I”) 1.1.
PELU/IO L CUETID Eac!% ; t!em% %" Aar!a#e $e #a r%gramac!:" c%" %tr% e#eme"t%. E# r%ce% $e E- $ee"$e $e 5 Aar!a#e @*e m*etr% a m%$% $e r!+o&e.
1.2.
UTI(ICCI /E L ECEI// /E OIWCI BIETLD L% // @*e gara"t!a" e# e"%@*e $e# tema %" e# / 1004M91 A!ge"te 'ata e# 2003 ; %ter!%rme"te $er%ga$% %r e# / 1537M2003> %re #a c%"$!c!%"e mí"!ma eF!g!#e> e"tre %tr%> a #% ce"tr% $e EI. C%m% #a !c%#%gía am!e"ta# ; #a te%ría c%"tr*ct!A!ta 'a" ma"!eta$%> e# am!e"te e *" age"te e$*cat!A% $e 1er %r$e"> *e "*"ca e "e*tr% 101
=%te"c!a $eterm!"a$a c%"$*cta % act!A!$a$e> a"*#a"$% %tra?. P*et% @*e e# "!&% e $earr%##a e" *" r%ce% c%"t!"*% $e !"teracc!:" c%" e# me$!%> e "ecear!% @*e #a ec*e#a !"a"t!# %rga"!ce ,te $e %rma @*e #e a;*$e a $earr%##are. Ea #a"!!cac!:" !"te"c!%"a# $ee etar c%"tem#a$a $e"tr% $e# r%;ect% e$*cat!A% $e c*a#@*!er ec*e#a !"a"t!# =*"a $ec!!:" *"$ame"ta# $e# PCC?.
1.3.
•
ESPACIO= Te"ere e" c*e"ta #a !"ta#ac!%"e ar@*!tect:"!ca =e$!!c!%> eac!% c%m*"e ; $e a*#a? ; #% eac!% eFter!%re @*e #e r%$ea"> * e#eme"t%> e@*!am!e"t% e !"teracc!%"e @*e e" e##% e eta#ece".
•
TIEMPO= %r$a$% $e$e 2 erect!AaD e# t!em% e" e# r%ce% $e c%"tr*cc!:" $e #a er%"a =t!em% $e ma$*rac!:" ; $earr%##%? ; e" #a %rga"!ac!:" ec%#ar =$!tr!*c!:" $e #a act!A!$a$e e" e# t!em%?.
PICIPIO /E OIWCID e ce"tra" *"$ame"ta#me"te e" 3 aect% %re #% @*e e rea#!a #a #a"!!cac!:" ; #a !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa> e" c*;a eec*c!:" %" $ec!!A% #% aect% %rga"!at!A%. T%$% et% #% !"tet!% e" e# e"que0a !g*!e"te.
PRINCIPIOS GENERALES
te"c!:" $!ere"c!a$a e$*cat!A% a# "!&% e"r!@*ec!
%$rm%"!ac!:" $e actA.
m!e"te !"$!A!$*a#e ; %c!a#e
PLANIFICACIÓN E INTERVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA
ect% %rga"!at!A%
=e" c*;a eec*c!:" %" $ec!!A%? 1. /!tr!*c!:" $e# t!em% a# traa% 2. Or$e"ac!:" $e# eac!% eg)" #a actA. 3. U% $e rec*r% ; mater!a#e $!$
EL ORDEN EN EL AULA Para #%grar =$!c!#!"a? *. CRITERIOS PARA UNA ADECUADA DISTRIBUCIÓN ? ORGANIACIÓN ESPACIAL (“%l aula co'o es*acio”, Cuaernos e *eagogía nJ 1><) 2.1.
/ELIITCID E# cr!ter!% ge"era# ara #a"!!car #a %rga"!ac!:" eac!%-tem%ra# $e #a ec*e#a !"a"t!# e re%"$er a #a "ece!$a$e ; %et!A% $e #a er%"a @*e Aa" a *t!#!ar#% ="!&%> a$re> e$*ca$%reG?.
2.2.
CITEIO ELTIKO L PEO Cr#er#o" &e or$a%#6ac#7% +or %ece"#&a&e" 8"#ca" &e • lo" %#'o" "e$X% el RD 12H1 102
−
N. ,#"#ol7$#ca" D - IIEE =*#a $e 0-2D 1 %"a $e '!g!e"e. 2-3D 1ae% acce!#e $e$e e# a*#a c%" 2#aAa% ; 2!"%$%r%. 3-6D 1#aAa% ; 1!"%$%r%?. - LIETCI =C%me$%r "% ma!!ca$%> @*e erm!ta #a c%#a%rac!:" $e #% "!&%. La ec*e#a !"a"t!#e c%"tar<" c%" 1 a#a m*#t!*% $e 30m2 @*e %$r< *are $e c%me$%r?. - /ECO =Eac!% @*e erm!ta" r!tm% $e act!A!$a$-$eca"%. La a*#a 0-2 te"$r<"
−
N. a,ec#-a"D Eac!% @*e %reca" eg*r!$a$> eta!#!$a$ ; aA%reca" e# c%"tact% a$*#t%-"!&%-"!&%.
−
N. "oc#al#6ac#7% D /ee 'aer eac!% c%m*"e a *ar %r t%$a #a ec*e#a> $%"$e e %me"tar< #a !"teracc!:" $e a$*#t%-"!&%-"!&%. Tam!," eac!% !"$!A!$*a#e ; ara e@*e&% gr*%.
−
N. &e 0o-#0#e%o D e "ece!ta" eac!% am#!% ; #!re> $%"$e e# "!&% *e$a gatear> c%rrer ; $e#aare> c%" mater!a#e @*e et!m*#e" e# m%A!m!e"t%> c%" %"a $e c!rc*#ac!:" !e" $e#!m!ta$a.
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N. &e &e"cu8r#0#e%o / e;+lorac#7% D /ee" er eac!% r!c% e" etím*#%> e" ca#!$a$ ; ca#!$a$. C%"A!e"e @*e #% mater!a#e ea" %c% etr*ct*ra$% ; %me"te" #a creat!A!$a$ ; e# *eg%.
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N. &e auo%o0!a D L% eac!% $ee" %!!#!tar #a e#ecc!:" ; er %#!Aa#e"te ara @*e e# "!&% *e$a re!"Ae"tar#% ; m%$!!car#%. % $ee" eF!t!r arrera ar@*!tect:"!ca.
2.3.
Para a&ulo"= /ee" eF!t!r eac!% ara @*e e# r%e%ra$% e re)"a> r%grameG =a#a $e r%e%re?> ara #a re#ac!:" a$re-e$*ca$%re> ara #a *"c!%"e $e a$m!"!trac!:" ; get!:" =$eac'% ; ecretaría?> ara @*e #% r%e!%"a#e $e a%;% rea#!ce" * *"c!%"e> ara #a *"c!%"e $e# er%"a# a*F!#!ar % $e ma"te"!m!e"t% =a#mace"eG?> ara #a '!g!e"e $e a$*#t% =$ee c%"tar c%" 1 !"%$%r%> 1 #aAa% ; 1 $*c'a?G
CITEIO ELTIKO L ETOO (ICO I"ta#ac!%"e ar@*!tect:"!ca = El e&#,#c#o $ee re*"!r caracterít!ca $e tama&% =$!me"!%"e a$ata$a a #a "ece!$a$e $e# "!&%?> *!cac!:" =!e" c%m*"!ca$%G?> #*m!"%!$a$ ="at*ra# *!c!e"teG?> temerat*ra =e"tre 18 a 20NG?> a!#am!e"t% ac)t!c% =$e $%rm!t%r!% ; a#a $e *eg%?> Ae"t!#ac!:" =meca"!m% $e eAac*ac!:" $e %#%reG?> eg*r!$a$ =c%"tra acc!$e"te?G
L% eac!% !"ter!%reD La e%ra&a =ac%ge$%ra ; agra$a#e?> la" $aler!a" / +a"#llo" =*are ara act!A!$a$e e$*cat!Aa ; 103
c%m*"!cat!Aa?> e# co0e&or =ac!#!tar #a c%m*"!cac!:" ; a*t%"%mía?> #% "er-#c#o" =aA%recer '<!t% $e '!g!e"e?> "ala &e u"o" 0Xl#+le" =P*e$e *are ara *eg%> re*"!%"eG? ; e"+ac#o" +ara e&uca&ore" / +a&re" =a#a $e r%e%re> #*gar ara e"treA!taG?.
Eac!% eFter!%rD Pr%#%"gac!:" $e# !"ter!%r =eFer!e"c!a c%" #a "at*ra#ea> *eg% m%t%reG?. L% :t!m% e @*e #a a*#a e c%m*"!@*e" c%" e# ar$í" % at!% ; %reca" #a %!!#!$a$ $e *"!r am% e"t%r"%. E# a*#a
- Cr#er#o" &e or$a%#6ac#7% e"+ac#al= Tra"%rma!#!$a$ =Orga"!ac!:" #eF!#e @*e erm!ta #a tra"%rmac!:" $e# eac!% c*a"$% ea "ecear!%?. Q*e aA%reca #a
a*t%"%mía =%!#!ar!% ; mater!a#e acce!#e a #% "!&%?.
eg*r!$a$ =%!#!ar!% ; /!Aer!$a$
mater!a#e eg*r%> !" ar!ta c%rta"te...?.
=ra" Aar!e$a$ $e %"a @*e erm!ta" $ar re*eta a #a m)#t!#e
"ece!$a$e e !"teree $e #% "!&%?. - Cr#er#o" &e or$a%#6ac#7% ,!"#ca= Etr*ct*rac!:" e" %"a % r!"c%"e @*e aA%reca" $!Aer!$a$ $e %c!%"e ; %r ta"t% #a e#ecc!:" $e# "!&%. Eta %"a $ee" etar c#arame"te $e#!m!ta$a =ma;%r a*t%"%mía?> *a"$% mater!a#e !% =m*e#e gra"$eG? % $,!#e =marca e" e# *e#%G?. - Cr#er#o" &e or$a%#6ac#7% &#&c#ca J+or "ecc#o%e">= Orga"!ar e# eac!% e" $!t!"ta ecc!%"e $e# a*#a ara act!A!$a$e $!ere"te =eg)" #a e$a$ e !"teree?> #% "!&% aa" %r e##a ; $earr%##a" $!t!"ta tarea. Eta $!tr!*c!:" erm!te rea#!ar acc!%"e $!ere"te a# m!m% t!em% =!"$!A!$*a#!ac!:"? ; %te"c!a #a a*t%"%míaD W%"a ara rea#!ar act!A!$a$e #<t!ca> W. ara e"c*e"tr% gr*a#> W. ara e# *eg% !m:#!c%> W. $e #:g!c%-matem W. $e# #e"g*ae> W. ara #a %erAac!:" ; eFer!me"tac!:"> W. $e $e#aam!e"t%G
. CRITERIOS PARA UNA ADECUADA ORGANIACIÓN TEMPORAL (Caa +oa el 7%C) 3.1.
CITEIO /E OIWCI TEPOL =C. a"$í"? N#'oD La %rga"!ac!:" tem%ra# ; #% '%rar!% $e #a ec*e#a !"a"t!# $ee" at!acer #a "ece!$a$e $e# "!&% $e ac*er$% c%" * e$a$ =eetar e# r!tm% !%#:g!c% $e #% "!&%> c*;% c!c#% $e traa% e !rreg*#ar?.
Pa&re"= # $!tr!*!r e# t!em% ec%#ar $ee reerAare *"a arte ara #a c%#a%rac!:" ec*e#a-am!#!a> ara #a !"tegrac!:" $e #% a$re> @*!e"e $ee" aer @*, t!em% 'a; ara e##% ; a @*, et< $et!"a$%. E&uca&ore"= E# e$*ca$%r> $e"tr% $e * '%rar!%> "ece!ta t!em% ara $earr%##ar e# r%ce% e$ag:g!c% =m%me"t% $e re#eF!:"> $e %rmac!:" erma"e"te...? ; $e #a act!A!$a$ $%ce"te =%erAac!:" $e# "!&%G?. 104
3.2.
CITEIO E (UCI /EL EPCIOD a; @*e c%"tem#ar 2 "!Ae#e> #a $!tr!*c!:" $e# t!em% a "!Ae# $eD Ce%ro= E# e@*!% e$*cat!A% $ee te"er e" c*e"ta e# '%rar!% $e# ce"tr%> e# "N 1. $e e$*ca$%reG e te"$r< tam!," e" c*e"ta #a "ece!$a$e !"a"t!#e> #% r!tm% !"$!A!$*a#e> "N $e c%m!$aG
Aula= * $!tr!*c!:" tem%ra# $ee"$e $e# e$*ca$%r> #a e$a$ $e #% "!&% ; 2. #a %!!#!$a$e $e #a ec*e#a. E# '%rar!% $e a*#a !rAe c%m% reere"c!a> ara aer @*, ; c*<"$% e Aa a 'acer> !emre c%" #eF!!#!$a$. 3.3.
CITEIO E (UCI /E OT KIBLE /EL POCEO /E EEHW-PE/IWED /e$e e# /CB $e# EC e r%%"e" #% !g*!e"teD
(í!c%D EA!tar #a eFce!Aa $!A!!:" $e# t!em% ; r!g!$e. eg*rar c!erta ,le;#8#l#&a& ara @*e #% "!&% "% A!Aa" c%" te"!%"e> !"% e" *"c!:" $e * r!tm% ; "ece!$a$e.
Pe$ag:g!c%-/!$ ara #% @*e $!%"e $e r#0o" / ru#%a"> $e #a c*a#e $ee a+ro-ec(ar "u +oe%c#al e&uca#-o.
P!c%#:g!c%D U"!$a$ "% *"!%rm!$a$. T%$% #% "!&% "ece!ta" t!em% ara #a acc!:"> #a re#ac!:"> e# $ec*r!m!e"t%G er% reeta"$% #% r!tm% !"$!A!$*a#e.
2. RITMOS ? RUTINAS COTIDIANAS (7oll errK, Sanín # otros) 4.1. /ELIITCIED La "ece!$a$e !%#:g!ca $e# "!&% marca"> a# r!"c!!%> * %r!e"tac!:" tem%ra#> ; Aa" $ece"tra#!<"$%e c%" e# t!em% 'ac!a %tra $e í"$%#e %c!a# marca$a %r #% a$*#t%. Ru#%a= C%"*"t% $e acc!%"e reet!t!Aa @*e e rea#!a" ca$a $ía ; @*e ##eAa a #a a$@*!!c!:" $e '<!t%. R#0o= T!em% @*e ca$a "!&% "ece!ta ara c%"tr*!r * etr*ct*ra me"ta#e> ara re%#Aer c%"#!ct%> ara !"tegrare e" e# e"t%r"%. 4.2.
PUT P EL TIEPO /E UTID Para a$@*!r!r *"a r*t!"a e $ee eg*!r !emre e# m!m% %r$e"> %ca#!ar #% cam!% a# c%m!e"% ; !"a# $e #a rea#!ac!:" ; eta#ecer c%"trae&a @*e rec*er$e" a# "!&% $!c'% cam!%. P%r e##%> #a a$@*!!c!:" $e r*t!"a re@*!ere *"a *e"a #a"!!cac!:" '%rar!a. La r*t!"a e" EI %" e#eme"t% etr*ct*ra#e =$a" eg*r!$a$ a# "!&% a traA, $e #a c%"erAac!:" ; #e a;*$a" a tem%ra#!ar e# t!em%?. U"a $e #a r!"c!a#e r*t!"a> e e# traa% e" r!"c%"e.
4.2. +CO LLEKO CBO LO ICOE E I UL /E P-3 E# rec%rr!$% e ata"te #!re =! *era" m< ma;%re ería m< etr*ct*ra$%> *a"$% %r eem#% #a t,c"!ca $e #a !"a?> e aa e" e# are"$!ae $e 'a!#!$a$e $e c%"A!Ae"c!a ; e# c*m#!m!e"t% $e "%rma a*m!$a %r e##% m!m% @*e #e ac!#!ta" m%Aere %r #% r!"c%"e c%" #!erta$. L% @*e me r%%"g% c%" #a *t!#!ac!:" $e r!"c%"e e @*e #% "!&% c%"@*!te" #% $!ere"te eac!% $e# a*#a> c%"%ca" t%$a #a %!!#!$a$e $e act!A!$a$> ma"!*#e" e# mater!a# =a#g*"% 'ec'% %r e##%?> #% *t!#!ce" c%rrectame"te ; e re#ac!%"e" c%" * c%ma&er% ; c%"m!g%. # !"a#!ar #% r!"c%"e> c%"A!e"e ract!car 105
*" eerc!c!% r*t!"ar!% $e mem%r!a ara @*e #% "!&% $!ga" e" @*, r!"c:" 'a" eta$%> c%" @*!," ; @*, 'a" 'ec'%. E# c%"tr%# $e #% r!"c%"e e m*; e"c!##%D Ta#er% $e $%#e e"tra$a "%mre $e #% "!&% ; r!"c%"e $e# a*#a. ##í e a"%ta e" @*, r!"c:" *ega ca$a *"% =! *era" m< ma;%re %taría %r #a a*t%eAa#*ac!:"? ; a art!r $e a'í e traaa =e c%mr*ea" reere"c!a ; rec'a%> e a"!ma a art!c!ar e" a#g)" r!"c:"G?. 4.3 4.3.
O O IO IO PE PEO O L /E UTI UTI =E =Eem em#! #!!c !caac!: c!:" $e $e m! m! a* a*#a? #a?
3. EVA EVALUACIÓN LUACIÓN DE LOS ESPAC ESPACIOS IOS ? EL TIEMPO TIEMPO 5.1. 5.1. EK EKLUC LUCI I /E LO LO EP EP CIO CIODD *c' *c'% % cr! cr!te ter! r!% % e& e&a# a#a$ a$% % e" e" c*a" c*a"t% t% a #a $!tr!*c!:" $e# eac!%> "% erA!r<" ara * eAa#*ac!:". • L% ítem a eAa#*ar c%" reect% a #a c%"$!c!%"e í!ca $e #a e"cuela %"D - La $!ta"c!a $!ta"c!a $e #a ec*e#a a# ")c#e% *ra"%> *ra"%> a Aía $e c!rc*#ac!:" c!rc*#ac!:" ; c%"$*cc!%"e c%"$*cc!%"e e#,ctr!ca % $e ga. - *er!c! *er!c!ee %r a#*m"% a#*m"% ara a*#a a*#a ; at!%. at!%. - C%"$*cc!%"e C%"$*cc!%"e $e eg*r!$a$ eg*r!$a$ e '!g!e"e =eca#era c%" c%" ara"$!##a> are$e are$e #aAa#e> #aAa#e> !#*m!"ac!:" a$ec*a$a> temerat*ra ar%!a$a> $!tr!*c!:" $e eFt!"t%reG? - /ee"$e"c!a /ee"$e"c!a @*e %ee a "!Ae# !"ter"% ; %"a %"a eFter"a =; * * c%"$!c!%"e?. c%"$!c!%"e?. •
C%" reect% a# aula> *g!er% #% !g*!e"teD +(aA%rece #a !"!c!at!Aa !"!c!at!Aa $e# "!&% ; * creat!A!$a$ creat!A!$a$ +/e @*, eac!% eac!% $!%"em% $!%"em% +L% +L% r!"c%" r!"c%"e e erm!te" erm!te" e# m%A!m m%A!m!e" !e"t% t% +Et<" +Et<" $ec%ra$ $ec%ra$% % c%" c%" e#eme e#eme"t% "t% et!m*#a"te+L% et!m*#a"te+L% e#eme"t% et<" a# a#ca"ce a#ca"ce $e #% "!&% +E# c#!ma 'ace @*e e# "!&% e !e"ta !e"ta eg*r% eg*r% +Perm!te +Perm!te eFer!e"c eFer!e"c!a !a $e are"$!ae are"$!ae emea"t emea"te e a #a !t*ac !t*ac!:" !:" rea# rea# +E *"a *"a c%"t! c%"t!"*a "*ac!: c!:"" $e# am!e am!e"te "te am!# am!#!ar !ar +/ear +/earr%# r%##a #a !"tegra#me"te a# *et% me$!a"te traa%-*eg% ; aA%rece #a %rmac!:" $e '<!t% +L% "!&% "!&% 'a" art!c!a$% art!c!a$% e" * %rga"!a %rga"!ac!:" c!:" +Et<" +Et<" #a LSe aa*ta al *erioo e esarrollo 4*ti'o • Cr#er#o" ,u%c#o%ale" / &#&c#co"= LSe res*eta el horario el centro *ara el recreo, 'erien 'eriena… a… LSe aa*ta aa*ta a la co'*le co'*lei ia a e las tarea tareas s L%Fist L%Fistee tie'*o tie'*o *ara *ara el tra0ao iniiual # en gru*o L;a *lanificaci4n te'*oral *er'ite la li0re eF*resi4n el ni&o LSe cuia la sucesi4n e actiiaes e for'a Mue no sea teioso L%l ni&o conoce 0sica'ente co'o se istri0u#e istri0u#e el tie'*o en la escuela
106
TEMA 1K 1. Equ#+a0#e Equ#+a0#e%o %o 0aer#al 0aer#al &#&c#c &#&c#coo / 0aer#ale" 0aer#ale" curr#cu curr#culare lare"" 1.1. E@*!am!e"t% ; eac!% e" EI 1.2. ater!a#e $!$
107
TEMA 1K 1. E =I=?;O II > @*e eta#ece #% re@*!!t% mí"!m% $e #% ce"tr% $e EI. Ar.D E" #% ce"tr% $e EI e %$r<" !mart!r e# 1er c!c#%> e# 2N % am%.
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Ar.1D Para !mart!r e# 1er c!c#% e# ce"tr% $ee c%"tar c%" *" mí"!m% $e u%#&a&e" ; re*"!r #% !g*!e"te re@*!!t% reer!$% a !"ta#ac!%"e ; c%"$!c!%"e mater!a#eD a? U!cac!:" e" #%ca#e $e *% eFc#*!Aame"te ec%#ar ; c%" acce% !"$ee"$!e"te $e$e e# eFter!%r. ? U"a a#a %r *"!$a$ c%" *er!c!e $e 2m2 ; @*e te"$r<> c%m% mí"!m%> 30m2. La La a#a a#a $et $et!" !"a$ a$a a a "!&% "!&% me"% me"%re re $e 2 a&% a&% $! $!%" %"$r $r<" <" $e
U" eac! eac!%% a$ec a$ec*a *a$% $% ara ara #a rear rearac! ac!:" :" $e a#!me a#!me"t% "t%. .
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U"a a#a a#a $e *% *% m)#t! m)#t!#e #e $e $e 30m2 30m2 @*e @*e %$r< %$r< er er *a$ *a$aa $e c%me c%me$%r $%r..
e?
U" at! at!%% $e *eg *eg%% %r %r ca$a ca$a 9 *"!$ *"!$a$ a$e e % rac racc! c!:" :">> $e *% *% eFc# eFc#* *!A !A%% $e# $e# ce"tr%> c%" *"a *er!c!e "% !"er!%r a 75m2. 108
? U" ae% ae% %r a#a> a#a> $et! $et!"a "a$a $a a "!&% "!&% $e 2 a 3 a&%> a&%> @*e @*e $ee $eer< r< er A!! A!!#e #e ; acce!#e $e$e #a m!ma ; @*e c%"tar< c%" 2 #aAa% ; 2 !"%$%r%. g? U" ae% ae% ara e# er% er%"a "a#> #> eara$ eara$%% $e #a *"!$a$ *"!$a$e e ; $e #% erA!c! erA!c!% % $e #% "!&%> @*e c%"tar< c%" 1 #aAa%> 1 !"%$%r% ; 1 $*c'a. -
Ar.11D Para !mart!r e# 2N c!c#% #% ce"tr% $ee" c%"tar c%" *" mí"!m% $e u%#&a&e" ; re*"!r #% !g*!e"te re@*!!t% reer!$% a !"ta#ac!%"e ; c%"$!c!%"e mater!a#eD ^ La c%"$!c!%"e a> $> g $e# artíc*#% a"ter!%r. ? U" a*#a %r *"!$a$ c%" *er!c!e $e 2m2 ; @*e te"$r<> c%m% mí"!m%> 30m2. B? U" at!% $e *eg%> $e *% eFc#*!A% $e# ce"tr%> c%" *"a *er!c!e "% !"er!%r a 150m2. E" e# ca% $e @*e e# ce"tr% c*e"te c%" m< $e 6 *"!$a$e> #a *er!c!e $e# at!% e !"creme"tar< e" 50m2 %r *"!$a$. C? U" ae% %r a*#a @*e c%"tar< $e 1 #aAa% ; 1 !"%$%r%.
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Ar.1*= L% ce"tr% $e EI $%"$e e !marte" #% 2 c!c#%> $ee" c%"tar c%" *" mí"! mí"!m% m% $e ) u%#&a&e" > 3 ara ca$a c!c#% ; re*"!r #% re@*!!t% @*e e" c*a"t% a !"ta#ac!% !"ta#ac!%"e "e ; c%"$ c%"$!c!% !c!%"e "e mater!a#e mater!a#e e e&a#a" e" #% art.10 art.10 ; 11> 11> te"!e"$% te"!e"$% e" c*e"ta @*e #a a#a $e *% m)#t!#e ; e# at!% $e *eg% *e$e" er c%m*"e a am% c!c#%.
Co%&#c#o%e" 0aer#ale"= Para c%"eg*!r e# m e# m%!#!ar!% $ee re*"!r #a !g*!e"te c%"$!c!%"eD c%"$!c!%"eD (í! (í!ca caD D eg eg*r *r!$ !$a$ a$>> re re! !te te"c "c!a !a>> ec% ec%"% "%mí mía> a> '!g! '!g!e" e"e> e> a$a a$ata ta# #ee a #a a"at a"at%m %mía ía $e# $e# a#*m"%G -
Et,t!caD tract!A%> $e c%#%r agra$a#e> e" arm%"ía c%" e# am!e"te c!rc*"$a"teG
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Pe$a e$ag:g! g:g!ccaD %A %A!#!$ !#!$aa$> @*e @*e ac ac!#!t !#!tee #a #e #eF! F!!#!$ !#!$a$ a$ %rg %rga"!a !at!A t!Aa> mea ea ; !##a a*ta$a a #a etat*ra $e #% "!&%> !arra am#!a ; c%#%ca$a a #a a#t*ra $e #% "!&%G
Equ#+a0#e% Equ#+a0#e%o o e;er#or e;er#orD L% L% gra" gra"$e $e ea eac! c!% % at! at! ac ace" e" #a #a "ece "ece! !$a $a$e $e $e m%A!m!e"t%> $e 'acer r*!$%G @*e t!e"e" #% "!&%. E# mater!a# @*e e *e$e *t!#!ar e" et% eac!% e $!Aer%D *eg *eg% m%$* m%$*#a #are reD D Perm Perm!t !tee" c%"t %"tr* r*!r !r ca cat!## t!##% %>> ca!ta !taG G $%"$ $%"$ee #% #% "!&% !&% *e$e" eca#ar> eca#ar> re*g!are> re*g!are> arratrare> etc. etc. -
T%%ga"e> c%#*m!%G /ee" a*m!r *"a c%"$!c!%"e mí"!m "!ma $e eg*r!$a$ e '!g!e"e e" * tama&%> mater!a#e ; $!%!c!:". %" !$ea#e ara e# $earr%##% $e #a !c%m%tr!c!$a$ gr*ea.
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T)"e#e> ramaG e*#ta" m*; )t!#e ara $earr%##ar #a c%%r$!"ac!:"> e# e@*!#!r!%G Pr%%rc!%"a" a# terre"% *"a Aar!e$a$ @*e %!!#!ta m*#t!t*$ $e act!A!$a$eD trear> a#tar> arratrare...
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ra"$e !ea #a"$aD /ee" er #aAa#e ; *"a $e * Ae"taa e #a eg*r!$a$ @*e ree"ta"> a$em< $e #% atract!Aa @*e re*#ta" ara #% "!&% =r*#%> c%#c'%"eta> !c!"a $e %#aG?.
Equ#+a0#e%o #%er#or= Pa"e#e $e $%c*me"tac!:" ; eF%!t%re. e !"c#*;e" t%$% #% mater!a#e c%" !"te"c!:" c%m*"!ca$%ra ; @*e e ree"ta" e" %rma $e carte#e> m*ra#e... P%r * c%"te"!$% c#a!!cam%D Pa"e#e $e c%m*"!cac!%"e c%"creta a #a am!#!a =c%m*"!car e# me") $e c%m!$a> #a %rga"!ac!:" $e a#!$a ; re*"!%"eG? -
Pree"tac!:" $e# e@*!% $e ce"tr%> $e #% gr*% $e "!&% ; $e act!A!$a$e !g"!!cat!Aa e" #a A!$a $e #a ec*e#a c%" %t%graía ; traa% $e #% "!&%.
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eree"tac!:"> me$!a"te ím%#% ; c:$!g%> $e aect% c%t!$!a"% $e #a ec*e#a @*e a;*$e" a %rga"!are ; a !t*are e" #a ec*e#a =a"e#e c%" "%rma gr*a#e> a"e#e ara !$e"t!!car *" eac!%G?
1.2.
TEILE /I/ZCTICOD La e!cac!a $e #% mater!a#e e$*cat!A% et< A!"c*#a$a a * %te"c!a#!$a$ ara $ee"ca$e"ar e" e# "!&% *" r%ce% m*#t!$!me"!%"a#. Ete mater!a# re*#ta *" !m%rta"te !"tr*me"t% ara #a act!A!$a$ ; e# *eg%> ara e##% $ee er Aar!a$%> %#!Aa#e"te ; et!m*#a"te> "% re#ega"$% a *" 2N #a"% #a act!A!$a$ $e #% "!&% ; erm!t!,"$%#e #a ma"!*#ac!:"> %erAac!:" ; c%"tr*cc!:".
•
Cla"#,#cac#7% &e lo" 0aer#ale" &#&c#co"= a? ater!a# c%merc!a# ; $e ar!cac!:" r%!aD E# c%merc!% %rece a #% e$*ca$%re mater!a#e =Ae"taa e" * ree"tac!:"> et,t!ca ; ca#!$a$> c*;% !"c%"Ae"!e"te e e# c%te?. ! "% e e"c*e"tra e# mater!a# "ecear!%> e rec*rre a #a !mag!"ac!:" $e #% a$*#t% =maetr%> a$reG? ara * e#a%rac!:". ea c*a# ea e# mater!a# *a$% $ee re%"$er a %et!A% c%"cret% ; er et,t!c%> :#!$% ; $e ca#!$a$. ? ater!a# $e $e'ec'%D * !"tr%$*cc!:" !"!c!a #a e$*cac!:" am!e"ta# ; ara e# c%"*m%> ; %me"ta #a creat!A!$a$. T!e"e m)#t!#e %!!#!$a$e ; e *e$e *ar c%m% mater!a# $!$ caa> e"Aae $e #<t!c%> %#a $e a*ra> tarr% $e A!$r!%> #ata $e rerec%> c'aa $e rerec%> ta%"eG c? ater!a# c%#ect!A% % $e *% !"$!A!$*a#D E# c%#ect!A% aA%rece #a c%"A!Ae"c!a> e# traa% c%mart!$%> e# c%"cet% $e erte"e"c!a a *" gr*% ; #a a$atac!:" a "%rma gr*a#e =c%#c'%"eta $e e@*!%> c%#*m!%G? E# !"$!A!$*a# erm!te a ca$a "!&% eg*!r * r!tm%> eg)" * !"teree ; caac!$a$e. P*e$e reet!r e# traa% c*a"ta Aece e @*!era a*me"ta"$% * eg*r!$a$> %rga"!ac!:" ; a*t%"%mía =m!"! arc%> #:g!c%-r!m%G? $? ater!a# *"g!#e ; "% *"g!#eD E# *"g!#e e !mrec!"$!#e ; $ee re%"ere c%" rec*e"c!a. /ee c*!$are * at%F!c!$a$ ; eg*r!$a$ =t!era "% *"a"te> 110
!"t*ra at%F!caG? ; $ee er a$ec*a$% a #a e$a$ $e #% "!&% ="!&% m< e@*e&% !"ce#e m< gr*e%> ae# $e ma;%r tama&%G? E# "% *"g!#e c%m#eme"ta e# r%ce% $e E-> * *% "% !m#!ca *" $egate !"me$!at% =m:$*#% $e a#a"ce%> t%%ga"e G? e? ater!a#e ; c#a!!cam% #% mater!a#e e$*cat!A%D Maer#ale" +ara el &e"arrollo &el A1 D E# rec*r% %r eFce#e"c!a e e# r%!% c*er%> a*"@*e 'a; %tr% mater!a#e #% c%m#eme"ta" c%m% c%!"e> ar%> tr!c!c#%G -
A*D ater!a#e @*e aA%rece" #a e$*cac!:" e"%r!a# =caa $e %"!$%> rac% $e %#%reG?> #a %erAac!:" ; eFer!me"tac!:" =%te $e cr!ta#> c%#%ra"te a#!me"t!c!%G?> etc.
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A= ater!a#e ara e# #e"g*ae Aera# =c*e"t%> %eíaG?> matem $%m!": "*m,r!c%G?> #<t!c% =!"t*ra> #at!#!"aG?> m*!ca# ; c%r%ra# =ra$!%-C/> !"tr*me"t% $e erc*!:"G?> etc.
1.3. TEILE CUICULED La LOE $a m< r%tag%"!m% a# r%e%ra$%> @*e art!c!a $!rectame"te e" 2 $e #% 3 "!Ae#e $e c%"crec!:" $e# C*rríc*#% 1V/CB =$m!"!trac!:"?> 2V PCC =C#a*tr%? ; 3VP =Pr%e%r?. •
Pro+ue"a"= L% mater!a#e c*rr!c*#are %" a@*e##% @*e a;*$a" a# r%e%r a e#a%rar eta c%"crec!%"e c*rr!c*#are =2N ; 3N "!Ae# $e c%"crec!:" a art!r $e# 1N? ; @*e #e r%Aee" $e a*ta ara #a t%ma $e $ec!!%"e> ta"t% e" #a #a"!!cac!:" c%m% e" #a !"terAe"c!:" $!recta. arte $e #% a%;% c*rr!c*#are %!c!a#e =Caa %a $e# EC> Caa %a ; Ker$e $e #a CK? %$em% me"c!%"arD ater!a#e-Pr%*eta ara #a e#a%rac!:" $e r%;ect% e$*cat!A% ; PCC. ater!a#e-Pr%*eta re#at!Aa a #a e"e&a"a $e $eterm!"a$a mater!a %r "!Ae#e> !rma $!$
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Requ#"#o"= L% mater!a#e c*rr!c*#are e caracter!a" %r a*tare a #a recr!c!%"e %!c!a#e ; a #% PIE ac%r$a$% %r e# e@*!% $%ce"te> a$atare a# c%"teFt% e$*cat!A% c%"cret%> !"c#*!r t%$% #% c%"te"!$% ; tema tra"Aera#e $e# c*rríc*#% ; c%"t!t*!r *" mater!a# a!ert% c%" *" gra" "N $e %!!#!$a$e.
*. SELECCIÓN UTILIACIÓN ? EVALUACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS MATERIALES 2.1. ELECCI /E LO ECUO TEILE VALORESD L% rec*r% mater!a#e $ee" %recer 4 Aa#%re ee"c!a#e $e $earr%##%D - K. (*"c!%"a#D e caracter!a %r #a act!A!$a$ @*e #e %rece> %r * a$atac!:" a# "!&%D 'acer r*!$%> e"caar> r%$ar> etc. - K. EFer!me"ta#D P%r #a a$@*!!c!%"e @*e #e erm!te ; #a %!!#!$a$e $e creac!:"D rec%"%cer %rma> c#a!!car> me$!r> etc. 111
- K. /e etr*ct*rac!:"D Et< e" re#ac!:" c%" e# $earr%##% $e #a er%"a#!$a$ $e# "!&%D *gar a t!e"$a> c%"tr*!r *" *e#%> etc. - K. /e re#ac!:"D e re!ere a #a re#ac!%"e aect!Aa @*e e eta#ece" e"tre e# "!&% ; * mater!a# ; a #a ma"era e" @*e ,te #e erm!te re#ac!%"are c%" "!&% ; a$*#t%D #a m*&eca> e# $%m!":G
CRITERIOSD #a '%ra $e e#ecc!%"ar #% rec*r% mater!a#e et% $eer<" at!acer *"a er!e $e c%"$!c!%"e @*e %"D % ree"tar "!"g)" t!% $e e#!gr% c%m% t%F!c!$a$> a#ta $e '!g!e"e % ar!ta c%rta"te.
E reer!#e *ar mater!a#e $e *e"a ca#!$a$ %" m< $*ra$er% ;
%rece" re*#ta$% m< at!act%r!%. La *er!c!e $ee" er #aAa#e ; re!te"te.
/ee" er e#eg!$% a #a me$!$a $e *% $e #% "!&%> $e * etat*ra> * * a$ata!#!$a$> etc.
P%$er *t!#!are c%" *"a !"a#!$a$ e$ag:g!ca.
a $e c*!$are #a et,t!ca a #a '%ra $e * e#ecc!:". La arm%"ía c%" c%#%re
am!e"ta#e> #a e#ecc!:" $e t%"% a#egre> rearar a@*e##% @*e e r%me"> etc.
E c%"Ae"!e"te e#eg!r mater!a#e a!ert%> $e *% m)#t!#e ; $e c!erta c%m#e!$a$ ara ma"te"er e# !"ter,.
E reer!#e %tar %r mater!a#e 'ec'% $e"tr% $e #a r%!a am!#!a $e #%
"!&%> aí c%m% mater!a r!ma @*e re#ee" e# e"t%r"% $e A!$a $e# ce"tr% =%t%> artea"ía> etc.?> *e crea #a% '%gar-ec*e#a. 2.2.
UTILIWCI /E LO ECUO TEILED L% mater!a#e e $eter!%ra" c%" e# *%> er% #% ee"c!a# e" e# crec!m!e"t% e #a ma"!*#ac!:" ; eFer!me"tac!:". e $ee" eF%"er #% mater!a#e c%"!$era"$%D Acce"#8#l#&a& / -#"#8#l#&a&= a; @*e !"te"tar @*e #% mater!a#e et<" a #a 1. A!ta ; a# a#ca"ce $e #% "!&% e" * ma;%ría> a#A% #% e#!gr%% % r
Cla"#,#cac#7% / e#queae= Para aA%recer e# *% ; %r$e"ac!:" $e mater!a#e 2. ; #a a*t%"%mía $e# "!&% e !"$!e"a#e @*e ,te e ree"te %r$e"a$% eg)" cr!ter!% @*e t%$% c%"%ce"> $e!$ame"te et!@*eta$%. Co%e%e&ore"= Perm!te" e# %r$e" $e# a*#a ; @*e #% *eg% "% e $eter!%re" ; 3. !er$a" * !ea. U" *e" c%"te"e$%r rea#ta e# mater!a# ; #% 'ace A!!#e =a"$ea> %te traare"teG?. e%r ! %" a!#a#e. D#"r#8uc#7%= Ca$a maetr% $ee *car e# t!% $e $!tr!*c!:" @*e m< e 4. a*te a * %rma $e traa% ; erm!ta ma;%r a*t%"%mía $e #% "!&% ; ar%Aec'am!e"t% $e #% mater!a#e c%" mí"!ma !"terere"c!a. 112
Co%"er-ac#7%= Eta#ecer c%" e# gr*% *"a a*ta ara $!m!"*!r e# 5. $eter!%r% $e# mater!a# =% acar t%$% e# mater!a# $e g%#e !"% r%gre!Aame"te> eta#ecer "%rma $e *%> reA!ar e# mater!a# a me"*$%G I%e$rac#7% e% el (orar#o= e "ece!ta t!em% e" #a act!A!$a$ ec%#ar ara 6. $!tr!*!r #% mater!a#e> rec%ger#%Gara @*e e# gr*% 'a#e %re * %rga"!ac!:"> $!tr!*;a tareaG ; ara eF%"er e# mater!a# "*eA%. 2.3.
EKLUCI /E LO ECUO TEILED a; @*e eAa#*ar #% mater!a#e $!$
E-aluac#7% ,or0a#-a= eg)" #a "%rmat!Aa #ega# re#at!Aa a #a eAa#*ac!:" e" EI e *"% $e #% r!"c!a#e t!% $e eAa#*ac!:" a *ar. /ee a#!care a #a eAa#*ac!:" $e #% rec*r% mater!a#e> te"$rem% @*e rea#!arD -
U"a eAa#*ac!:" !"!c!a# a# e#ecc!%"ar #% rec*r% A!e"$% ! c*m#e" *"% re@*!!t% <!c%. Para #% @*e $eem% te"er ree"te *"% cr!ter!% $e Aa#%rac!:" @*e *e$e" er E;clu/e%e" ="% $ee" *are?D Cr!ter!% $e e#!gr%!$a$ í!ca =mater!a# t:F!c%> '!r!e"teG? ; í@*!ca =@*e %me"te #a A!%#e"c!a...?
I%clu/e%e" =í $ee" *are?D Cr!ter!% creat!A%> e$ag:g!c%> recreat!A%> !c%#:g!c%> et,t!c%> r $e %#!$e> etc.
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U"a eAa#*ac!:" c%"t!"*a ara Aer c:m% e $ee"A*e#Ae" #% "!&% c%" e# mater!a#> ! e a*ta a "*etra !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa> ! erm!te ma"te"er * !"ter, c%" e# a% $e# t!em%> etc.
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U"a eAa#*ac!:" !"a# @*e "% erm!ta 'acer *"a Aa#%rac!:" g#%a# $e #% re*#ta$% %te"!$% c%" e# mater!a# ; c%marar#% c%" #% @*e !"!c!a#me"te eer<am%.
E-aluac#7% "#"e0#ca= La eAa#*ac!:" $e #% rec*r% $!$ e# $!e&% $e a#g)" !"tr*me"t% @*e erm!ta rec%ger #% $at% m< re#eAa"te ; %r e# eta#ec!m!e"t% $e m%me"t% eecí!c% ara #a eAa#*ac!:" $e rec*r% mater!a#e. EAa#*ar "% e tarea eFc#*!Aa $e# maetr% !"% @*e e c%"Ae"!e"te @*e> e" %ca!%"e> e ##eAe a ca% e" e@*!%> ara e"r!@*ecere $e #a *gere"c!a er%"a#e. Tam!," art!c!ar<" #% "!&%> ;a @*e %" @*!e"e $a" #a a*ta m< c#ara $e #a e!cac!a ; atracc!:" $e# mater!a#.
113
TEMA *2
1. La #%,lue%c#a &e la #0a$e% e% el %#'o = A*arici, +. 2arcía, A!19$>! “I'genes, íeo # eucaci4n”) 1.1. +Q*, e"t!e"$% %r !mage" 1.2. T!% ; c%m%"e"te 1.3. I"c!$e"c!a e" e# $earr%##% $e# "!&% 1.4. Ka#%re ; r!eg% $e #a !mage"
*. La lecura e #%er+reac#7% &e #0$e%e" 2.1. 2.2. 2.3.
/e#!m!tac!:"D Lect*ra em%t!Aa % c%g"!t!Aa E"e&ar a #eer !m
. El c#%e la ele-#"#7% / la +u8l#c#&a& (“"íeo # teleisi4n en la escuela”, Cuaernos e Peagogía, nJ $)
3.1. 3.2. 3.3.
E# c!"e La te#eA!!:" La *#!c!$a$ 114
2. Cr#er#o" &e "elecc#7% / u#l#6ac#7% &e 0aer#ale" au&#o-#"uale" / &e la" %ue-a" ec%olo$!a" e% EI (A! Colo'! 199$! “?tiliaci4n ictica e los 'eios auioisuales”)
4.1. Cr!ter!% $e e#ecc!:" ; *% 4.2. Prearac!:" ; *% $e mater!a#e a*$!%A!*a#e. EF#%tac!:" $!$
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA *2 1.
LA INFLUENCIA DE LA IMAGEN EN EL NIÑO =ar!c!> arcía> .1987. “I'genes, íeo # eucaci4n”)
1.1. 1.2.
+QU ETIE/O PO IE La reree"tac!:" $e #a rea#!$a$.
TIPO S COPOETE − I0$e%e" ,#a" D Carte#e> %t%graíaG La !mage" gr<!ca t!e"e *" e"t!$% m e# "!&% #a m!ra> #a $ec*reG ; #eer#a c%" a$*#t% #e a;*$a a ce"trar #a ate"c!:"> !"ter!%r!ar c%#%reGM7-#le"= TK> %r$e"a$%rG − Co0+o%e%e"D C%m% t%$% #e"g*ae eF!ge ge"te tra"m!%r> C%"te"!$%> e$!% $e
tra"m!!:" ; ecet%r. 1.3.
ICI/ECI E EL /EOLLO /EL IHOD E# "!&% act*a# et< !"mer% e" *" m*"$% at*ra$% $e !m cr%mat!m%G?. P%r %tr% #a$%> e# "!&% eF#%ra e# eac!% erc!!e"$% 115
e"ac!%"e A!*a#e ; t ;a @*e $earr%##a a"te #a caac!$a$e A!*a#e @*e a$@*!ere e# #e"g*ae. í e" e# r%ce% $e a$@*!!c!:" $e #a eFre!:" %ra#> e# "!&% *a e# c%"%c!m!e"t% A!*a# ara a;*$are a $ec%$!!car #a #e"g*a. La !mage" *e$e *are ara tra"m!t!r c%"%c!m!e"t% ; m%$% $e c%m%rtare> er% "ece!tam% cr!ter!% c#ar% ara *ar#a $e #a %rma m< %!t!Aa> !" @*e e"tra&e r!eg% ara e# *e" $earr%##% $e# "!&%. 1.4. KLOE S IEO /E L IED P%r * atracc!:"> #a !mage" e *" gra" !"tr*me"t% ara ac!#!tar #a c%mre"!:" $e c%"cet%> *t!t*;e a #a rea#!$a$ c*a"$% ,ta "% a#ta ; #a !m#!!ca> c%m#eta ; ac#ara. -
VALORES C%"!g*e atraer #a ate"c!:" E m%t!Aa$%ra e*era e# are"$!ae m#ía ; me%ra e# A%ca*#ar!%
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;*$a a #a %rga"!ac!:" $e #a
RIESGOS - La at*rac!:" *e$e r%A%car a#ta $e ate"c!:" - Pa!A!$a$> @*e !m#!ca #a acc!:" - /!!c*#ta$ $e acce% a# e"am!e"t% atract% - ec#a $e rea#!$a$ ; a"taía c%m% *" t%$% c%"*% - Im
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/earr%##a #a caac!$a$e
- Im
LA LECTURA E INTERPRETACIÓN DE IM@GENES 2.1. /ELIITCID LECTU EOTIK O COITIKD U" !"$!A!$*% "% a#aet!a$% e" #a !mage" rea#!a "%rma#me"te *"a #ect*ra m< em%t!Aa =#a #ect*ra $e !m c%$!!car ; tra"er!r e% !g"% a $!ere"te !t*ac!%"e?> ; "% *e$e $ec!rar e# me"ae. *.
2.2. EEH LEE IZEED Prete"$!e"$% *"a #ect*ra crít!ca $e #a !mage" ; e# %me"t% $e #a creat!A!$a$. La #ect*ra $e !m $!*% a"!ma$%G? $e %rma @*e e *ere #a $!c%t%mía ec*e#a-e"t%r"%. La #ect*ra e rea#!a ate"$!e"$% a #a !$e"t!!cac!:" $e #% !g"% <!c%> !r< $e #% e#eme"ta# a #% c%m#e% =/%;#e? ; te"$r< !emre *" car
L LECTU E ITEPETCI /E IZEE E EL CUCULO /E EI 116
L% %et!A% $e# c*rríc*#% $e EI @*e rec%ge" m< $!rectame"te #a #ect*ra e !"terretac!:" $e !m
o
−
eree"tar aect% $!Aer% $e #a rea#!$a$ A!A!$%> c%"%c!$% % !mag!"a$% ; eFrear#% me$!a"te #a %!!#!$a$e !m:#!ca @*e %rece e# *eg% ; %tra %rma $e reree"tac!:" ; eFre!:". − E"r!@*ecer * %!!#!$a$e eFre!Aa me$!a"te #a *t!#!ac!:" $e #% rec*r% ; me$!% a * a#ca"ce> aí c%m% arec!ar $!ere"te ma"!etac!%"e artít!ca r%!a $e * e$a$. o
E" c*a"t% a #a rec!ar a#g*"a %ra artít!ca e !c:"!ca @*e e #e ree"ta"> Ut!#!ar t,c"!ca <!ca $e reree"tac!:" ; eFre!:"G C%"te"!$% BLOQUE IIID EFre!:" #<t!caD ater!a#e ara #a eFre!:" #<t!ca =C?> Creac!:" $e !m eet% %r #a r%!a e#a%rac!%"e ; #a $e %tr% =?
•
Me&#o ,!"#co / "oc#al et%$%#%gíaD P eFre!:" ; c%mre"!:" $e #a !mage". E# "!&% $ee er em!%r ; recet%r. 2. .%c!a#!a$%raD P%te"c!ar t,c"!ca> mater!a#e ; act!A!$a$e c%#ect!Aa ; #a Aa#%rac!:" $e r%$*cc!%"e ae"a. E !"terea"te @*e "!&% !"terrete" !m
3. .reAe"t!AaD r%Aec'ar #a ma"!etac!%"e c*#t*ra#e $e# e"t%r"%> re#ac!%"a$a c%" #a !mage"> ara acercar a #% "!&% a e##a c*a"$% ea" a$ec*a$a a #a e$a$. • ct!A!$a$e - 1er c#clo= L% mater!a#e m< a$ec*a$% %" #!r% $e !m %t%graía... La act!A!$a$e <!ca %" %erAar> e&a#ar> rec%"%cer> eFreare ; $!r*tar c%" #a !mage". - * c#cloD %me"t% !$:"e% ara !"tr%$*c!r "*eA% t!% $e !m a te"er e" c*e"ta $*ra"te t%$% e# c!c#%. .
EL CINE LA TELEVISIÓN ? LA PUBLICIDAD
(“"íeo # teleisi4n en la
escuela”, Cuaernos e Peagogía, nJ $)
3.1. EL CIED P%r * caracterít!ca =%c*r!$a$> !mage" e" m%A!m!e"t%G?> re*#ta m*; atract!A% ara e# "!&%. E *" rec*r% $!$
117
•
•
ELECCI /E PELCULD ! a"a#!am% #a carte#era c%merc!a#> e $!íc!# e"c%"trar e#íc*#a @*e re%"$a" a et% cr!ter!%D Cr#er#o 0a&ura#-o= La e#íc*#a $ee re%"$er a #a caac!$a$ $e 1. ate"c!:"> c%mre"!:" e !"teree $e #% "!&%> e" $*rac!:" ; arg*me"t%. E# c!"e> %r * caracterít!ca> "% e a$ec*a$% a"te $e #% 2 a&%. 2.
Durac#7%= E"tre 2-4 a&% "% $ee eFce$er #% 20-30 m!". E"tre 4-6 "% $ee *erar #% 50 m!".
3.
Ar$u0e%o= e"c!##% e" c%"te"!$% ; %rma> c%" *"a acc!:" !m#e ; #!"ea# @*e $earr%##e #a ec*e"c!a#!$a$ ; #a re#ac!:" ca*a-eect%. E# "!&% e !$e"t!!ca me%r c%" "!&%> m*&ec%> a"!ma#e % $!*%.
4.
Cr#er#o 9#co= a; @*e te"er e" c*e"ta #% m%$e#% $e c%"$*cta @*e #a e#íc*#a tra"m!ta> e#ecc!%"a"$% e#íc*#a @*e aA%reca" #a a*t%et!ma> e# reet% %r #% %tr%> #a c*r!%!$a$ %r c%"%cer> etc.
5.
Cal#&a& 9c%#ca / ar!"#ca= (%t%graía> m)!ca e !"terretac!:" $ee" te"er #a *!c!e"te ca#!$a$ c%m% ara $earr%##ar e" e# "!&% #a arec!ac!:" et,t!ca.
6.
G9%ero"= L% m< a$ec*a$% %" #a c%me$!a> #a e#íc*#a $e aAe"t*ra> #% $!*% a"!ma$% ; #a a$atac!%"e $e c*e"t% %*#are ; %ra #!terar!a.
ECIO E[PEIECI =e!:"?D BC art!. P!"%c'% 3000. "te $e Aer #a e#! eF#!c% e# arg*me"t% re*m!$% ; !" @*!tar#e c*r!%!$a$. /e*,> rea#!am% act!A!$a$e $e eFre!:" $e #% A!t% ; e"t!$%.
3.2. L TKD I"tr%$*ce "*eAa a*ta $e !"t!m!$a$ ; re#ac!:" e" caa =c%"$!c!%"a e# eac!% í!c%G? ; e *" age"te me$!a$%r @*e ar!ca m*c'a $e #a eFer!e"c!a $e# "!&% @*e> eg*rame"te> $e %tra ma"era "% te"$ría. •
N O TE L TKD P%r $e!$!a> c%m%$!$a$ % "ece!$a$e #a%ra#e $e #% a$*#t%> #a TK e *" *g*ete ara e# "!&%. L% me"%re $e 6 a&% "% $ee" Aer #a TK m< $e 50b $!ar!% =e" er!%$% @*e "% eFce$a" #% 20-30b eg*!$%?. eg)" #a %c!e$a$ E*r%ea $e B!%%c!%#%gía> #% "!&% ea&%#e Ae" $e 3-4 '%ra $!ar!a #a TK.
•
ELECCI /E POD C%" e# ca"a# )"!c% #a !"a"c!a era *" ect%r m!ma$% c%" r%gramac!:" a$ec*a$a e" $*rac!:" ; c%"te"!$%. L% ca"a#e act*a#e em!te" m< $e 70 'M ema"a $e r%gramac!:" !"a"t!# $e #a @*e *" 90 ate"ta c%"tra #% r!"c!!% m%ra#e <!c% =%c!ac!:" Pe$! e e# a$*#t% @*!e" $ee e#ecc!%"ar #% r%grama c%" #eF!!#!$a$ @*e $ee a*t%"%mía a# "!&%> a<"$%e e" #% cr!ter!% a"ter!%re. +C*<"$% e a#!car< e# c:$!g% $e%"t%#:g!c% !rma$% e"tre EC ; #a $!t!"ta ca$e"a =1993?
•
EL EPITU CTICO TE L TKD L% a$*#t% $ee" Aer #a TK c%" e# "!&% c%" *"a %t*ra crít!ca> c%me"ta"$% ; a"a#!a"$% #% Aa#%re c%"$*ct*a#e @*e e ree"ta"> $!ere"c!a"$% rea#!$a$ ; a"taíaG
3.3. L PUBLICI//D La %#ac!:" !"a"t!# et< m*; eF#%ta$a %r #a *#!c!$a$> a# reree"tar *"a !m%rta"te ec%"%mía %r@*e 1N %" c%"*m!$%re> 2N %" recr!t%re 118
$e #a c%mra $e a$*#t% ; 3N %" *" merca$% %te"c!a# $e *t*r%. P%r e##% %" %rma$% e" e# are"$!ae c%"*m!ta %r #a !"$*tr!a *#!c!tar!a. L% a"*"c!% %" *"% $e #% r%grama reer!$% %r #% "!&%> *e #a t,c"!ca $e# %t e a$ata a * ma"era $e erc!!r #a rea#!$a$. La ec*e#a !"a"t!# #a"tea eta r%#em c*;% %et!A% e a%rtar a #% "!&% e#eme"t% crít!c% ara !t*are a"te #a %c!e$a$ $e c%"*m%. 2.
CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN ? UTILIACIÓN DE MATERIALES AUDIOVISUALES ? DE LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOG4AS EN EI (A!Colo'! 199$! “?tiliaci4n ictica e los 'eios auioisuales”)
4.1. CITEIO /E ELECCI S UOD L% $%ce"te $eem% !"tegrar mater!a#e a*$!%A!*a#e e !"%rm er% *t!#!a"$% cr!ter!% a$ec*a$%D -
eetar #a caracterít!ca !c%eA%#*t!Aa r%!a $e #a e$a$ e" @*e traaam% =$!!c*#ta$> $*rac!:"> c%"te"!$%G?
-
Te"er ree"te #% r!"c!!% met%$%#:g!c% r%!% $e #a !"terAe"c!:" e" EI =are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A%> g#%a#!ac!:"> eFer!me"tac!:"> act!A!$a$G?
-
I"c#*!r e# *% $e et% me$!% $e"tr% $e #a r%gramac!:".
-
"te $e * *t!#!ac!:"> $ee rea#!are *"a re#eF!:" $%"$e e te"ga e" c*e"ta aect% eFre!A%> #!"gít!c%> $!$ e# agr*am!e"t%> e# t!em%G
•
K. POIBILI//E E/UCTIK. =Kí$e%> TKG? E" #% 70> e ree"tar%" c%m% #a *e"te $e t%$% #% r%#ema e$*cat!A%> r%$*c!,"$%e e# $ee"ga&% ca! !m*#t<"e% a #a !"c%r%rac!:". Per% e# t!em% ; #a eFer!e"c!a 'a" $em%tra$% @*e %" A<#!$% !emre @*e e !ga" #% cr!ter!% $e e#ecc!:" ; *% ;a me"c!%"a$%. EF!te" "*mer%% rec*r%
•
UEK TECOLO. POIBILI//E E/UCTIK. La !"%rm
119
4.2.
PEPCI S UO /E KD La r%;ecc!:" e *e$!ta a# r%grama ge"era# $e# c*r%. $em<> c%" #a !mage" e $earr%##a" t,c"!ca c%m%D %erAac!:"> re#eF!:"> Aa#%rac!:" er%"a#... La ae %"D 1. A%e"= Prearac!:" $e# c%"te"!$% =re#ac!:" c%" U./?> $e# #%ca#> $e# '%rar!%> $e# K =c%mr%ac!:" reA!a?. C%" "!&% e@*e&% e c%"Ae"!e"te eF#!car c%" a"te#ac!:" e# arg*me"t%> aA!Aa"$% * c*r!%!$a$. 2. Dura%eD K!!:" $e #a e#íc*#a. E" !#e"c!%> !" c%me"tar!% @*e $!tra!ga"> a me"% @*e ea" m%t!Aa$%re. EF#%tac!:" $!$
tra #a %erAac!:" $e *" r%grama a$ec*a$% a #a e$a$D I. ec*er$%> mem%r!ac!:"> a%c!ac!:"D LNuK *as4 LNuienes eran los *ersonaes LNuK hacían LPor MuK +econstrucci4n er0al e la historia!
II.
#!cac!:" $!$
III.
Creat!A!$a$D Inentar otro final! Poner otros
*ersonaes! Ca'0iar el lugar e la acci4n!
IK.
Ka#%rac!:" e !"ter!%r!ac!:"D NuK *ersonae gust4 's # *or MuK! NuK escena! =achar lo Mue no gust4 # ecir *or MuK…
K.
Le%$uae =$ecr!c!:" $e #%a#!ac!:"D er%"aeG?> Naurale6a =%ca $e #a acc!:"G?> Perce+c#7% -#"ual =/ec*r!r are $e c%a !g*a#eG?> Mae0#ca" =C%"tar #a Aece @*e e re!te" a#g*"% %et%G?> E;+re"#7% 0or#6 =Im!tar mím!came"te a#g*"% er%"aeG?> Pl"#ca =/!*ar #a ec*e"c!a m< !"terea"teG? ; MX"#ca =em%r!ar #a me#%$íaG?.
BLOQUE KI -
Tema 18 Tema 19 Tema 20 Tema 21 Tema 22 Tema 23 Tema 25
120
TEMA 1 1. De"arrollo &el le%$uae (7onfort,7 # otros: “%l ni&o Mue ha0la” 199/) 1.1. /e!"!c!:" 1.2. Te%ría acerca $e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae 1.3. (act%re !m#!ca$%
*. Le%$uae / +e%"a0#e%o (S! ernne “ConMuista el lenguae en *reescolar # c!*re*aratorio”)
*.1. *.*.
/e#!m!tac!:" #!cac!:" $!$
. E-oluc#7% &e la co0+re%"#7% / &e la e;+re"#7% .1.
Perí%$% e" e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae =cr%"%grama?
2. La co0u%#cac#7% %o -er8al 2.1. 2.*. 2..
/e#!m!tac!:" EA%#*c!:" $e #a c%m*"!cac!:" "% Aera# La c%m*"!cac!:" "% Aera# e" e#
3. Pro8le0a" 0" ,recue%e" e% el le%$uae #%,a%#l 3.1. 3.*.
Pa#ara reA!a C#a!!cac!:"
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1 1. DESARROLLO DEL LENGUAE = 7onfort,7 # otros: “%l ni&o Mue ha0la” 199/) 1.1. /E(IICI • Le%$uae= !tema $e !g"% c%$!!ca$% @*e "% erm!te reree"tar #a rea#!$a$ e" a*e"c!a $e ,ta. Caac!$a$ eecí!came"te '*ma"a> c%"t!t*;e *" !"tr*me"t% <!c% ara #a c%m*"!cac!:"> etr*ct*rac!:" $e# e"am!e"t% ; tra"m!!:" $e #% aere. * car
TEO CEC /EL /EOLLO /EL LEUE 121
• Teor!a" co%&uc#"a"= P%t*#a" @*e #a c%"$*cta #!"gít!ca "% ree"ta caracterít!ca
$!ere"c!a#e r%!a> e a$@*!ere !g*a# @*e #a $em<. re"$er e# #e"g*ae e are"$er c%"eF!%"e etím*#%-re*eta. La c%"$*cta #!"gít!ca e reet!r<" ; c%"%#!$ar<" eg)" e# re*er% @*e e %te"ga tra #a em!!:" $e #a m!ma. * reree"ta"te m< !g"!!cat!A% e SY#%%er. • Teor!a $e%era#-a:ra%",or0ac#o%al D =C(o0"Y/?. Pr%*% @*e #a er%"a %ee *"
!tema #!"gít!c% *"!Aera# e !""at%. /ee"$!: #a eF!te"c!a $e *" $!%!t!A% $e a$@*!!c!:" $e# #e"g*ae =L/? @*e erm!t!ría a t%$% er '*ma"% $earr%##ar #a etr*ct*ra $e * #e"g*a. • Teor!a" co$%##-a" D Para P#a$e #a g,"e! $e# #e"g*ae t!e"e @*e Aer c%" a# $earr%##%
$e #a !"te#!ge"c!a. P#a"tea @*e ara @*e e# #e"g*ae e $earr%##e %" rec!% *"% $eterm!"a$% rerre@*!!t% c%g"!t!A%. eg)" eta !$ea> #a %!!#!$a$ $e em#ear ; c%m!"ar a#ara re%"$e a #a aar!c!:" $e *"a caac!$a$ reA!a> #a *"c!:" !m:#!ca. • La e"cuela So-#9#ca D Para V#$o"Y/ #% rea#me"te $eterm!"a"te e" e# $earr%##% $e#
#e"g*ae e #a !"teracc!:" %c!a#> ;a @*e e" *" r!"c!!% !rAe *"$ame"ta#me"te ara !"e c%m*"!cat!A%. 1.3.
(CTOE IPLIC/OD C%"%cer#% "% a;*$ar< a *"$ame"tar #a !"terAe"c!%"e "ecear!a ara %me"tar * $earr%##%. Et% act%re %"D • La 0a&urac#7% 8#ol7$#caD E !"$!e"a#e @*e 'a;a *" $eterm!"a$% gra$% $e ma$*rac!:" !%#:g!ca ara @*e e *e$a $earr%##ar eta caac!$a$. •
La #0#ac#7%D L% "!&% rec!e" $e #% a$*#t% *" c%"ta"te a&% #!"gít!c%. E *"$ame"ta# @*e et% m%$e#% #!"gít!c% a !m!tar ea" a$ec*a$%> ;a @*e grac!a a e##% e# "!&% a!m!#a e# A%ca*#ar!% ; #a reg#a r%!a $e * #e"g*a. E# 'a#a mater"a #e !rAe $e m%$e#% e" * eerc!c!% :"!c% =a#*ce%?.
•
La #%eracc#7% D E #a caracterít!ca r!"c!a# $e #% !"tercam!% "!&%-a$*#t% $*ra"te #% 1N a&%> @*e $er!Aa e" *"a a$atac!:" recír%ca $e am% !"ter#%c*t%re a #a caac!$a$e c%m*"!cat!Aa $e# %tr%. Pae# $e# "!&%D T!e"e *" ae# act!A%. P%c% a %c% a!m!#a #a reg#a @*e r!ge" #% !"tercam!% c%m*"!cat!A% ; a$@*!ere %!!#!$a$e c%m*"!cat!Aa @*e #e $a" rec*r% ara a$atare a * !"ter#%c*t%r. -
Pae# $e# a$*#t%D %$!!ca e%"t<"eame"te * #e"g*ae ara $!r!g!re a# "!&% =a; ta#Y? ; #e r%%rc!%"a ee$-acY c%rrect!A%> aí aA%rece #a !m!tac!:" ; e# are"$!ae $e# #e"g*ae.
*. LENGUAE ? PENSAMIENTO
(S! ernne “ConMuista el lenguae en
*reescolar # c!*re*aratorio”)
2.1. /ELIITCID Para *"% e e# e"am!e"t% e# @*e %!!#!ta e# #e"g*ae> ara %tr% e e# #e"g*ae e# @*e %rga"!a e# e"am!e"t%> er%> ta"t% ! e c%"!$era e# #e"g*ae a"ter!%r =C'%mY;?> !m*#t<"e% =K!g%tY;? % %ter!%r =P!aget? a# e"am!e"t%> #% @*e e !"$!c*t!#e e * A!"c*#ac!:" e !m%rta"c!a e" e# $earr%##% c%g"!t!A% $e #a er%"a. 122
2.2.
PLICCI /I/ZCTICD ct!A!$a$e @*e rea#!% e" m! a*#a ara e# $earr%##% $e# e"am!e"t% ; e# #e"g*ae.
. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA COMPRENSIÓN ? DE LA EPRESIÓN =E# $earr%##% $e #a c%mre"!:" !emre rece$e a# $e #a eFre!:"? 3.1.
PEO/O E EL /EOLLO /EL LEUE Per!o&o +rel#%$!"#co= /*ra"te #% 1N mee $e# "!&%> e c%m*"!ca a traA, $e# ##a"t% ; #a %"r!a *"$ame"ta#me"te> er% r%"t% em!ea a em!t!r A%ca#!ac!%"e c%" #a @*e eFrea * eta$% $e <"!m%. EtaaD -
-
-
Perí%$% r!m!t!A%D %"!$% $e ae %rg<"!ca. E# ##a"t% ; #% arr*##% c%"t!t*;e" #a )"!ca %!!#!$a$ $e em!!:" $e %"!$%. E# ##a"t% Aa $ecrec!e"$% $e %rma gra$*a# ; #% arr*##% a*me"ta". *eg% A%ca# ; a#*ce%D Tra r%"*"c!ar #% 1N %"!$% =3-6 mee?> !g*e *" erí%$% $e a#*ce% =e"tre"am!e"t% A%ca#?> *eg% c%" e# @*e eF#%ra * %!!#!$a$e %"%art!c*#at%r!a =%"!$% A%c<#!c%?. Le"g*ae !m!tat!A%D L% "!&% c%mre"$e" ; em#ea" get% a"te $e e"te"$er e# #e"g*ae a$*#t%. Otr% aect% $e# #e"g*ae @*e !m!ta e# "!&% e #a e"t%"ac!:" =a#*ce% c%" !"#eF!%"e !"terr%gat!AaG?.
art!r $e #% 8 mee> e# "!&% *t!t*;e r%gre!Aame"te e# get% %r #a a#ara. art!r $e# a&% ;a em!te a#ara.
Per!o&o l#%$!"#co= e caracter!a %r #a !"te"c!%"a#!$a$ $e #a em!!%"e $e %"!$%. /ecr!!r, ete erí%$% a"a#!a"$% %r eara$% ca$a *"a $e #a $!me"!%"e $e# #e"g*aeD
P. Prel#%$!"#co
4 C I T L 9 O ( E 7 4 (
4 C I T 9 Z E 7 E 7 4 (
P. L#%$!"#co
4 C I T C Z T 9 I 7 O ( 5 O . (
4 C I T Z 8 4 \ 5 P E 7 4 (
% % c ! m 0 < ! r " a g % c t e c e #
123
1
3
*
2
)
-
Orga"!ac!:" %",t!caD E"tre 2-4 a&%> e# "!&% a$@*!ere r%gre!Aame"te e# !tema %"%#:g!c% ea&%# $%"$e e %erAa *" $eae cr%"%#:g!c% e"tre c%mre"!:" ; eFre!:" =erc!e" $!ere"c!a e"tre 2 %"ema a# %!r#%> er% "% *e$e" r%$*c!r#% me a"a?. E# %r$e" 'a!t*a#me"te %erAa$% e" #% "!&% =%!#e Aar!ac!%"e !"$!A!$*a#e?> e e# !g*!e"teD
Gru+o #%#c#al= >>m>t
-
-
1er $ru+o &e *= &#,ere%c#ac#7%D >>c'>## #>">&>$>>Y>g. e a&a$e" í#aa !"Aera ; m!Fta c%" " ; m.
e D ; e a&a$e" 2= 3= í#aa !"Aera ; r>rr a&a$e" m!Fta c%" ; !"%"e !"%"e c%" #. c%" r.
Orga"!ac!:" em<"t!caD La *"!:" !g"!!ca"te-!g"!!ca$% #a rea#!a $e 2 m%$% 1N cata e# !g"!!ca$% $e *"a a#ara tra c%"tactar c%" e# reere"te =ag*a? % 2N e# #e"g*ae e a$e#a"ta a #a eFer!e"c!a =a;er?. E# #e"g*ae !"a"t!# "% et< categ%r!a$% gramat!ca#me"te> aí #a m!ma a#ara *e$e $e!g"ar *" %et%> *"a acc!:" % t%$a *"a !t*ac!:". Orga"!ac!:" m%r%!"t
Mo%o"!la8o #%e%c#o%al =P%c% a"te $e# 1er a&%?D Em!!:" $e *" %"ema ac%ma&a$%> "%rma#me"te> $e *" get% $e!g"at!A% ara e&a#ar e" #a $!recc!:" $e# %et% @*e $eea.
♣
Pala8ra ,ra"e = art!r $e# a&%?D Em!!:" $e *"a %#a a#ara @*e c%"t!e"e e# Aa#%r c%m*"!cat!A% $e *"a rae.
♣
Pala8ra /u;a+ue"a = art!r $e# a&% ; me$!%?D Le"g*ae te#egr<!c%> e# "!&% c%m!"a 2 a#ara c%" #a @*e %rma e@*e&% e"*"c!a$% c%m*et% %r "%mre> Aer% ; a$et!A%> !" "eF%.
♣
Fra"e "#0+le =\2 a&%?D E# "!&% !"c%r%ra re%!c!%"e> c%"*"c!%"e> artíc*#%> g,"er% ; ")mer%G@*e erm!te" art!c*#ar #a a#ara ;*Fta*eta e" e@*e&% e"*"c!a$% %rma"$% #a rae !m#e.
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(*"c!%"e ragm c%"teFt% e !"ter#%c*t%re. La *"c!%"e $e# #e"g*ae=%##!$a;? %"D
I%"ru0e%al =ara at!acer "ece!$a$e r%!a? 124
Re$ula&ora =m%$!!car #a c%"$*cta $e %tr%?
I%erac#-a =re#ac!%"are?
Per"o%al ='a#ar $e í m!m%> %!"ar % ma"!etare?
5eur!"#ca =%te"er !"%rmac!:"?
Crea#-a =a"taear % !mag!"ar?
I%,or0a#-a =tra"m!t!r !"%rmac!:"?.
2. LA COMUNICACIÓN NO VERBAL 4.1. /ELIITCID La c%m*"!cac!:" "% Aera# e t%$a c%m*"!cac!:" @*e "% *t!#!ce !g"% #!"gít!c%. E" #a c%m*"!cac!:" !"terA!e"e" !g"% "% Aera#e @*e !"teract)a"> c%m#eme"ta" ; a Aece *t!t*;e" a# #e"g*ae Aera#. E# "!&% *t!#!a #a c%m*"!cac!:" "% Aera# c%m% %rma !"!c!a# $e c%m*"!cac!:" ; #*eg% c%m% a%;% #a eFre!:" %ra#. 4.2.
EKOLUCI /E L COUICCI O KEBL La m!ra$a =3-10 mee?D (%rma <!ca $e c%m*"!cac!:" e"tre #a ma$re ; e# "!&%. E #a e&a# re%"$era"te ara %te"er #a reacc!:" $e# a$*#t% ; ara re%"$er#e. La %"r!aD Pr!mer% e !"A%#*"tar!a. L*eg% e r%A%ca$a %r etím*#% '*ma"%. #% 3 mee aarece #a %"r!a %c!a# =aa $e er r%A%ca$a %r etím*#% í!c% a er#% %r etím*#% c%g"!t!A%?.
La eFre!%"e A%ca#eD E# 1er a&% #a em!!%"e %"%ra "% t!e"e" Aa#%r reree"tat!A%> %r #% @*e *e$e" c%"!$erare "% Aera#e.
L% get%> %t*ra ; eFre!%"e ac!a#eD /e$e e# "ac!m!e"t% e %erAa" eFre!%"e ac!a#e @*e e m*#t!#!ca" #a 1 ema"a $e A!$a> er% t!e"e" *"a *"c!:" $e re*eta m< @*e $e ##ama$a.
L% c:$!g% mím!c%get*a#eD L% me$!% ara eA%car #a rea#!$a$ !" *ar e# #e"g*ae Aera# %"> eg)" P!aget> #a !m!tac!:"> e# get% !ct!c!% =eA%car c%" e# c*er% e# *% $e *" %et%? ; e# *eg% !m:#!c%.
4.3.
L COUICCI O KEBL E EL ZBITO CUICUL. La %rma $e eFre!:" "% Aera# e c%"tem#a" e" e# 3. EFre!:" c%r%ra#D La c%m*"!cac!:" r!mar!a e e# #e"g*ae $e# c*er%> a art!r $e #a @*e e $earr%##a" t%$% #% #e"g*ae =#<t!c%> m*!ca#...?. L% "!&% *t!#!a" #% get% ; m%A!m!e"t% are"$!$% $e %rma !m:#!ca e" e# *eg%. e $!raa"> !"terreta" er%"aeG#% @*e #e erm!te a!m!#ar crít!came"te #% r%#e %c!a#e.
EFre!:" m*!ca#D * c!m!e"t% e #a caac!$a$ m%tr!. e !"!c!a c%" !"tr*me"t% c%r%ra#e ; #*eg% $e erc*!:"> c*!$a"$% #a a*$!c!:"> me#%$ía> ca"t% ; r!tm% @*e c%"t!t*;e" #a 1 ma"!etac!:" "% Aera#.
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EFre!:" #<t!caD Le ac!#!ta #a reree"tac!:" $e #% c%"%c!$% a traA, $e #a eFer!e"c!a $e# e"t%r"% ; $e #% @*e aa e" * !"ter!%r. La 1N r%$*cc!%"e re%"$e" a# !"ter, %r eF#%rar #% mater!a#e ; Aer e# re*#ta$% $e * acc!:" %re e##%. P%c% a %c% $%tar<" $e !"te"c!%"a#!$a$ * reree"tac!%"e> m!e"tra $earr%##a" act!t*$e $e c*!$a$% e" * *t!#!ac!:" ; c%"erAac!:".
3. PROBLEMAS M@S FRECUENTES EN EL LENGUAE INFANTIL 5.1. PLB PEKID La ca*a $e *" trat%r"% $e# #e"g*ae *e$e" er eF:ge"a =am!e"ta#e? ; e"$:ge"a =%rg<"!ca?. ! %" %rg<"!ca> !emre e a&a$e *" $,!c!t a$!c!%"a# $e!$% a #a a#ta $e et!m*#ac!:". 5.2.
CLI(ICCI Tra"or%o" &el le%$uae etra% !m#e $e# #e"g*aeD T,rm!"% ge",r!c% *t!#!a$% ara e"g#%ar a@*e##% retar$% e" #a aar!c!:" ;M% $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae !" @*e eF!ta" í"t%ma $e $,!c!t !"te#ect*a#e> e"%r!a#e % m%tr!ce. e trata $e "!&% c*;% r%ce% $e a$@*!!c!:" ; $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae "% e rea#!a c%"%rme a #a etaa "%rmat!Aa eta#ec!$a. -
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a!a !"a"t!# a$@*!r!$a : Trat%r"% $e #e"g*ae r%$*c!$% %r *"a a#terac!:" $e# 'em!er!% cerera# c*;a r!"c!a# *"c!:" e e# r%ceam!e"t% $e# c:$!g% #!"gít!c%. %" trat%r"% $%"$e eF!te *"a $!!c*#ta$ % !"caac!$a$ ara e# #e"g*ae 'a#a$% % ecr!t% !" @*e 'a;a #e!:" e" #a Aía a*$!t!Aa "! m%t%ra $e #a %"ac!:". /!a!a !"a"t!# c%"g,"!taD /,!c!t> $e %r!ge" e"$:ge"%> @*e ree"ta $eae cr%"%#:g!c% e" #a a*ta eA%#*t!Aa "%rma#e ara #a etr*ct*rac!:" $e# #e"g*ae> r%$*c!,"$%e c%"$*cta Aera#e a":ma#a.
.
Tra"or%o" &e la -o6 / &el (a8la /!%"íaD #terac!:" $e #a A% e" c*a#@*!era $e * c*a#!$a$e =!"te"!$a$> t%"%> t!mre? $e!$% a *" trat%r"% %rg<"!c% % a *"a !"c%rrecta *t!#!ac!:" $e #a A%. -
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/!#a#!aD Trat%r"% erma"e"te e" #a art!c*#ac!:" $e *"% % Aar!% %"ema %r *t!t*c!:"> %m!!:" % $!t%r!:" =r*!$% e" #*gar $e# %"ema? $e #% m!m%. I"ma$*re art!c*#at%r!aD e c%"*"$e c%" #a $!#a#!a> er% e" ete ca% e# "!&% *e$e r%"*"c!ar c%rrectame"te $e %rma a!#a$a #% %"ema @*e e" e# 'a#a e%"t<"ea "% art!c*#a !e". OtraD /!artr!a> $!g#%!aG
Tra"or%o" &el r#0o - Ta@*!#a#!a =EFce!Aa ra!$e a# 'a#ar? ; ra$!#a#!a=Le"t!t*$? -
/!em!a % tartam*$e =Pert*rac!:" $e# 'a#a ; c%m*"!cac!:" %c!a# caracter!a$a %r reet!c!%"e % #%@*e% eam:$!c%?
126
TEMA 1 1. La e%"e'a%6a / el a+re%ae &e la le%$ua e% la EI (7onfort,7 # otros: “%sti'ulaci4n el lenguae oral” 199/)(C 19-9/)(+ 133-91)
1.1. 1.2.
/e#!m!tac!%"e em<"t!ca ; c%"teFt*a#e a%"e ara *" c%rrect% r%ce% $e E- $e #a #e"g*a 127
1.3. 1.4. 1.5.
ect% c%"t!t*t!A% $e# #e"g*ae e" e# c%"teFt% eA%#*t!A% ge"era# Pr%#ema @*e #a"tea #a e"e&a"a $e #a #e"g*a e" EI Tratam!e"t% c*rr!c*#ar
*. T9c%#ca" / recur"o" +ara la co0+re%"#7% / e;+re"#7% oral (Paral, C! “Buegos e lenguae” 1991)
2.1. 2.2.
/!A!!:" $e t,c"!ca /!A!!:" $e rec*r% $!$
. La #%er-e%c#7% e&uca#-a e% el ca"o &e le%$ua" e% co%aco =P( PIE? E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA 1 1. LA ENSEÑANA ? EL APRENDIAE DE LA LENGUA EN LA EI (7onfort,7 # otros: “%sti'ulaci4n el lenguae oral” 199/) (C 19-9/) (+ 133-91) 128
1.1.
/ELIITCIOE EZTIC S COTE[TULE A%l#"#" "e0%#co • Le"g*aeD C%"*"t% !tem ac*$!rem% a# /CB> $e"tr% $e# $ee #a"teare e" etrec'a re#ac!:" c%" #% %tr% c:$!g%. •
A%l#"#" co%e;ual "te $e aarecer e# #e"g*ae Aera#> #% "!&% e c%m*"!ca" me$!a"te get%. %" #% a$*#t% @*!e"e re*era" ; $a" !g"!!ca$% a ea ma"!etac!%"e "% Aera#e c%" #a @*e #% "!&% c%m*"!ca" * "ece!$a$e !"me$!ata> a*t<"$%#a a c%m%rtam!e"t% %c!a#e $eea$% e" * marc% c*#t*ra#. La aar!c!:" $e# #e"g*ae Aera# %!!#!ta @*e #a reree"tac!:" $e #a rea#!$a$ e A*e#Aa m< c%m#ea ; e a*te a# m%$e#% %c!a# a$*#t%. E# are"$!ae $e #a #e"g*a %ra# ; ecr!ta et< e"cam!"a$% a c%"eg*!r @*e #% "!&% e c%m*"!@*e" c%" e# me$!% %c!%-c*#t*ra# e" * m)#t!#e !t*ac!%"e. /e$e e@*e&%> e# *% $e #a #e"g*a 'ace %!#e #a c%m*"!cac!:" $e #% "!&% e" am% !mrec!"$!#e ara !"teract*ar e" * marc% $e c%"A!Ae"c!a. 1.2.
WOE P U COECTO POCEO /E E- /E L LEU Ra6o%e" &#&c#ca" • La !m%rta"c!a $e# #e"g*ae re!$e e" te"er *"a *"c!:" c%m*"!cat!Aa ; eFre!Aa> ; *" ae# !m%rta"tí!m% e" #a e#a%rac!:" $e# e"am!e"t%. P%r e##%> *"a te%ría $e #a e"e&a"a $e #a #e"g*a ##eAa area *"a te%ría $e# are"$!ae $e #a m!ma e##% !m#!ca @*e #a E- #!"gít!c% e *" !"tr*me"t% @*e e $earr%##a a traA, $e t%$a #a mater!a $e# r%grama ec%#ar. •
Ra6o%e" +"#col7$#ca" E# #e"g*ae re@*!ere *" "!Ae# $eterm!"a$% $e $earr%##% e" c*a"t% a ercec!:"> aect!A!$a$ ; e"t!m!e"t%. E# #e"g*ae erm!te a# "!&% e"ar> %rga"!ar * eFer!e"c!a e !"terretar#a. P%$r< eFter!%r!ar eFre!%"e %r!g!"a#e ; e#a%rar * r%!a a"taía ara c%m*"!car#a. 1.3.
1.4.
PECTO COTITUTIKO /EL LEUE E EL COTE[TO EKOLUTIKO EELD E" e# $earr%##% #!"gít!c% $e# "!&% e $!t!"g*e" Aar!% t!% $e #e"g*aeD -
M!0#co o $e"#cula&o D "tece$e a# %ra#> %r@*e e# get% rece$e a #a a#ara.
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Ver8al u oral D C%mre"$e e# aect% m%t%r =caac!$a$ $e em!t!r %"!$% @*e ea" a#ara rec%"%c!#e ara ,# ; ara #% %tr%? ; e# aect% me"ta# =caac!$a$ $e a%c!ar !g"!!ca$%-!g"!!ca"te?.
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Gr,#co o e"cr#o= E" ete tema "% %c*arem% :#% $e# #e"g*ae %ra#.
POBLE QUE PLTE L EEHW /E L LEU E EID L% r%#ema $er!Aa" $e @*e ,te e are"$e *"$ame"ta#me"te e" !t*ac!%"e $e !"teracc!:" a$*#t%-"!&% ;> e" #a ec*e#a !"a"t!#> e m*; $!íc!# @*e e r%$*ca" et% !"tercam!% c%" #a rec*e"c!a "ecear!a. L% r%#ema %"D 129
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/!!c*#ta$ $e rea#!ar *" a*te !"$!A!$*a#!a$% a #a caracterít!ca $e# #e"g*ae $e ca$a "!&%.
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ece!$a$ $e !"tr%$*c!r "%rma ; !tema $e *"c!%"am!e"t% c%#ect!A%.
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!g!$e $e# c%"teFt% mater!a# =m!ma c#ae> m!m% c%ma&er%G $*ra"te t%$% e# c*r%?.
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!t*ac!:" $e re#ac!%"e m)#t!#e e"tre e# "!&% ; e# a$*#t%> $e!$% a #a ree"c!a $e %tr% "!&% e" #a c%m*"!cac!:" =c%met!t!A!$a$> !"'!!c!:"G?.
La ec*e#a "% *e$e *t!t*!r a# e"t%r"% am!#!ar =$%"$e í %" rec*e"te eta !"teracc!%"e !"$!A!$*a#!a$a?. E# car
TTIETO CUICUL =%"%rt? •
O8e#-o" ara traaar e# #e"g*ae e" EID (aA%recer e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae %ra# e" * me$!% "at*ra#.
C%me"ar #a $e!g*a#$a$eD e# #e"g*ae ec%#ar t!e"e caracterít!ca $!ere"c!a#e reect% a# e"t%r"% %c!%c*#t*ra#. E *" #e"g*ae m< $ec%"teFt*a#!a$%> m< e#a%ra$% ; c%" A%ca*#ar!% m< r!c%.
PreAe"!r #a aar!c!:" $e trat%r"% $e #e"g*aeD e# maetr% $e EI $ee te"er *"a %rmac!:" *!c!e"te ara %$er $etectar ; %$er %r!e"tar a #a am!#!a e" re#ac!:" c%" #a $!!c*#ta$e e" e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae.
Prearar ara e# #e"g*ae ecr!t%D @*e e #a tra$*cc!:" gr<!ca $e# #e"g*ae %ra#> a*"@*e c%" caracterít!ca art!c*#are> aí @*e e m*; e"e!c!%% @*e e am!#!ar!ce c%" ,#.
• Pr#%c#+#o" 0eo&ol7$#co" a "e$u#r e% la e%"e'a%6a / el a+re%ae &e la le%$ua= #
#a"!!car act!A!$a$e e "ecear!% c%"!$erarD
Et!m*#ar #a c%m*"!cac!:" ; r%!c!ar m*c'% !"tercam!% #!"gít!c%.
Ut!#!ar e# *eg% c%m% e#eme"t% ce"tra#> aA%rec!e"$% #% $!ere"te *% $e# #e"g*ae ara $earr%##ar e" #% "!&% #a r!"c!a#e *"c!%"e #!"gít!ca.
Orecer a# "!&%Ma *e"% m%$e#% #!"gít!c% a !m!tar.
*. TCNICAS ? RECURSOS PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN ? EPRESIÓN ORAL (Paral, C! “Buegos e lenguae” 1991)
2.1.
/IKII /E TCIC • Por "u e"+ec#,#c#&a& - Eecí!caD Para rea#!ar#a e *e$e" %rga"!ar ta##ere % r!"c%"e $e #e"g*ae c%m% %rma $e *erar #a $!!c*#ta$e @*e #a"tea" #a !t*ac!%"e c%#ect!Aa. 130
•
I"eecí!caD e re!ere" a aeg*rar"% $e @*e #% "!&% c%"!g*e" *"a c%mre"!:" ; eFre!:" $e #a eFer!e"c!a g#%a#e A!A!$a e" c#ae.
Por el #+o &e #%er-e%c#7% ? Etrateg!a !"$!rectaD C%"t!t*;e" *" m%$e#% ge"era# $e c%"$*cta %rec!$% a #a %erAac!:" ; a #a !m!tac!:" $e# "!&%. #g*"% eem#% %"D a*t%c%"Aerac!:" =E# maetr% c%me"ta e" A% a#ta #% @*e et< 'ac!e"$% *ca"$% !g"% $e ar%ac!:"> %rreaG e" #a eFre!:" % c%"$*cta $e# "!&%? ; 'a#a ara#e#a =E# a$*#t% c%me"ta e" A% a#ta #% @*e et< 'ac!e"$% e# "!&%> !"terreta"$% * %!#e !"te"c!%"e?. B? /!recta
%strategias *ara tra0aar la conersaci4n en *eMue&o gru*o:
- *te m< e!ca =Para ac!#!tar #a c%m*"!cac!:" c%" #% "!&% @*e m*etra" $!!c*#ta$e #!"gít!ca e c%"Ae"!e"te *t!#!ar *" r!tm% "at*ra# m< a*a$%> c%" ma;%r eFre!A!$a$G? - Etrateg!a ara a#Aar #a !"c%mre"!:" =La me%r %rma $e 'acer Aer a# "!&% @*e "% #e 'em% e"te"$!$% c%"!te e" %#!c!tar#e *"a c%"!rmac!:". L?n helao? - P*eta e" $*$a =Pe$!r a# "!&% @*e 'aga *" e*er% er%"a# $e a*t%c%rrecc!:"> ! aem% @*e 'a; *"a !"c%rrecc!:" er% @*e ae $ec!r#% !e". Le era se ice así ? - e*eta a#a =C*a"$% e# "!&% e @*e$a ara$% e" m!ta$ $e *" e"*"c!a$%> e #e r%%"e *"a re*eta a*r$a e" t%"% eFagera$%. E# "!&% cata e# err%r $e# maetr% ; r%%rc!%"a #a re*eta c%rrecta?. - (ee$acY c%rrect!A% =eet!r e# me"ae $e# "!&% m%$!!c<"$%#% arc!a#me"te =c%rrecc!:"?. La act!t*$ $e# maetr% $ee erm!t!r @*e e# "!&% !ga 'a#a"$% ; r%%rc!%"ar#e *" m%$e#% !m!tat!A%?.
%strategias *ara tra0aar la conersaci4n en gran gru*o (asa'0leas):
- La $!%!c!:" $e #% "!&% ; $e# maetr% $ee er e" ]U]. Para @*e e# r%e%r e e"c*e"tre a #a m!ma $!ta"c!a $e ca$a a#*m"% ; #% "!&% *e$a" !"!c!ar !"tercam!% cara a cara. - Tema $e c%"Aerac!:"D T%$% $ee" c%"%cer e# tema> !"c#*!$% e# maetr%> ara %$er c%me"ar #% a##% @*e #% "!&% c%meta" e" #a tra"m!!:" $e #a !"%rmac!:". Otr% ca% e c*a"$% #% "!&% c%m*"!ca" a#g*"a A!Ae"c!a @*e $ec%"%ce #a ma;%ría $e# gr*%> e" eta !t*ac!:" e# maetr% a"!mar< a #% $em< a %rm*#ar reg*"ta ; eFrear * %!"!%"e. - Part!c!ac!:" $e #% "!&%D E# maetr% $ee !"te"tar @*e #% "!&% ea" @*!e"e *e" m< #a a#ara> @*e #a !"terAe"c!%"e ea" reAe> @*e art!c!e" t%$% ; @*e 'a;a !"tercam!% e"tre #% "!&%. - Lím!te e" e# t!em%D E# maetr% $ee ca#!rar e# t!em% $e$!ca$% a #a c%"Aerac!:" ; eA!tar @*e e Aa;a er$!e"$% e# !"ter,> ;a @*e e me%r $ear a #% "!&% c%" ga"a $e c%"t!"*ar. 131
%strategia e *lanear, tra0aar # recorar D
"te $e emear #a act!A!$a$> e# maetr% re)"e a #% "!&% @*!e"e Aera#!a" #% a% a eg*!r. # term!"ar> e# gr*% e re)"e ara rec%r$ar #% %c*rr!$%.
2.2.
/IKII /E ECUO /I/ZCTICO S ETO/OLICOD L% eerc!c!% $!r!g!$% $ee" re%rar ca$a *"% $e #% aect% $e# #e"g*ae. L% eF%"g% %r eara$%> a*"@*e $ee" traaare $e %rma g#%a#. • Eerc#c#o" +ara el &e"arrollo ,o%9#co / ,o%ol7$#co= E# "!&% c%m#eta * !tema
%"%#:g!c% a#re$e$%r $e #% 6 a&%. art!r $e a'í> !" emarg%> e a!a"a" #% $eect% %",t!c%> %r #% e "ecear!a *"a ree$*cac!:". P%r e##% e" EI $ee retare *" a%;% $!$
U"a *e"a $!cr!m!"ac!:" a*$!t!Aa ; %",t!ca.
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U"a *e"a m%tr!c!$a$ *c%-ac!a# ge"era# ; *"a *e"a m%tr!c!$a$ a#!ca$a a #% m%A!m!e"t% art!c*#at%r!% $*ra"te #a eFre!:" Aera#.
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U"a *e"a m%t!Aac!:" ara 'a#ar !e" ; *erar * err%re.
La act!A!$a$e ara traaar ete aect% $e"tr% !emre $e *" c%"teFt% #)$!c% %"D *eg% $e $!cr!m!"ac!:" a*$!t!Aa> $e m%tr!c!$a$ *c%-ac!a#> $e !m!tac!:" =%"%mat%e;a> ca"c!%"e...?> $e c%"c!e"c!a %",t!ca... • Eerc#c#o" +ara el &e"arrollo "e0%#co= e trata $e r%!c!ar !t*ac!%"e @*e a;*$e"
a #% "!&% a e"r!@*ecer * A%ca*#ar!%. Otra act!A!$a$e !r<" e"cam!"a$a a *gar c%" #a a#ara *era $e * c%"teFt% rea#. o
ct!A!$a$e ara are"$er a#ara "*eAaD La a$@*!!c!:" $e a#ara "*eAa $ee !r $e #% m< art!c*#ar a #% m< ge"era#. L% #%@*e ge"era$%re $e a#ara er<"D e# "!&% =* c*er%> e"ac!%"e> etc.?> * am!e"te m< cerca"% =* am!#!a> #a caa...?> * am!e"te ge"era# =c!*$a$> *e#%> c#!ma> %!c!%G?> etc. Eem#%D Poesías, canciones, escri0ir los ele'entos e un i0uo,
si'ular la organiaci4n e un iae… o
ct!A!$a$e $e ma"!*#ac!:" $e a#araD C%"!te e" tarea $e re#eF!:" $e"tr% $e *" c%"teFt% #)$!c%. Eem#%D *eg% $e am!#!a em<"t!ca> a"<#!! $e c%"cet%> eerc!c!% $e %*et%> etc.
• Eerc#c#o" +ara el &e"arrollo 0or,o"#%c#co= La !m!tac!:" $!recta e e# meca"!m%
$e are"$!ae m< !m%rta"te e" ete aect%D e %!t!A% $eA%#Aer a# "!&% * me"ae c%rr!g!e"$% % am#!a"$% #% e#eme"t% "ecear!%. L% c%"te"!$% @*e 'a" $e traaar #a act!A!$a$e e" ete aect% %"D ")mer% ; %r$e" $e a#ara $e"tr% $e #a rae> "eF%> #eF!%"e Aera#e ; #a c%"c!e"c!a !"t
$!t!"ta *"c!%"e $e# #e"g*aeD
132
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(*"c!:" !"tr*me"ta#D %" !t*ac!%"e e" #a @*e e# "!&% *t!#!a e# #e"g*ae ara c%"eg*!r a#g% $e %tr%D e #a *"c!:" $e e$!r. La act!A!$a$e e aa" e" @*e *" "!&% =% gr*%? !$e a %tr% *"a er!e $e %et%. (*"c!:" reg*#at%r!aD !t*ac!%"e e" #a @*e e# "!&% *t!#!a e# #e"g*ae ara act*ar %re #a c%"$*cta $e #% $em<D *"c!:" $e ma"$ar. P*e$e" er rec%rr!$% $%"$e *" "!&% ma"$a a %tr% =% gr*%? $%"$e $ee !r. (*"c!:" er%"a#D %" !t*ac!%"e e" #a @*e *am% e# #e"g*ae ara c%m*"!car a# %tr% #% @*e e"t!m%. P*e$e traaare e" #a aam#ea> e!%"e $e #ect*ra $e c*e"t%> etc.
(*"c!:" 'e*rít!caD e e# #e"g*ae @*e *t!#!am% ara recaar !"%rmac!:" $e #% $em<D *"c!:" $e ]reg*"tar]. *eg% $e reg*"ta $%"$e 'a; @*e a$!A!"ar *" er%"ae * %et% c%" #a mí"!ma reg*"ta.
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(*"c!:" !"%rmat!AaD !t*ac!%"e $%"$e *" "!&% $ee r%%rc!%"ar !"%rmac!:" a #% $em<. L% *eg% $%"$e *" "!&% $a !"tr*cc!%"e ara @*e %tr% =% gr*%? rea#!ce *"a tarea @*e :#% ,# ae c:m% 'acer. (*"c!:" creat!AaD !t*ac!%"e e" #a @*e e *a e# #e"g*ae $e *"a %rma #)$!ca. /ar a *" %et% $!t!"t% *% @*e "a$a t!e"e" @*e Aer c%" * *"c!:" 'a!t*a#.
. LA INTEVENCIÓN EDUCATIVA EN EL CASO DE LENGUAS EN CONTACTO =P( PIE? ^%ta a te"er e" c*e"taD LO PO /E E/UCCI BILIdE E E/UCCI I(TIL S PIID E# !tema e$*cat!A% Aa#e"c!a"% art!c*#a> e" #% ce"tr% $e E$*cac!:" I"a"t!# ; Pr!mar!a> $e #% m*"!c!!% $e terr!t%r!% $e re$%m!"!% #!"gít!c% Aa#e"c!a"%> tre r%grama $e E$*cac!:" B!#!"geD • El Pro$ra0a &e E%"e'a%6a e% Vale%c#a%o JPEV>. E *" r%grama $e e$*cac!:" !#!"ge $!e&a$% ara a#*m"a$% ma;%r!tar!ame"te Aa#e"c!a"%ar#a"te. C%m!e"a *a"$% ma;%r!tar!ame"te e# Aa#e"c!a"% c%m% #e"g*a $e e"e&a"a> !"c%r%r<"$%e e# e $a t%$% e" Aa#e"c!a"%> me"% e# cate##a"%. La #e"g*a eFtra"era e !"c%r%ra e" 3N $e Pr!mar!a.
El Pro$ra0a &e I%0er"#7% L#%$!"#ca JPIL>. E *" r%grama $e e$*cac!:" !#!"ge $!e&a$% ara a#*m"a$% ma;%r!tar!ame"te cate##a"%ar#a"te. C%m!e"a *a"$% ma;%r!tar!ame"te e# Aa#e"c!a"% c%m% #e"g*a $e e"e&a"a> !"c%r%r<"$%e e#
133
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El Pro$ra0a &e I%cor+orac#7% Pro$re"#-a JPIP>. C*a"$% e" ce"tr% !t*a$% e" m*"!c!!% $e re$%m!"!% #!"gít!c% Aa#e"c!a"% "% e a#!ca" "!"g*"% $e #% r%grama a"ter!%re. C%m!e"a *a"$% ma;%r!tar!ame"te e# cate##a"% c%m% #e"g*a $e e"e&a"a> !"c%r%r<"$%e e# e"tre #a c%m% mí"!m%> e# Zrea $e C%"%c!m!e"t% $e# me$!% "at*ra#> %c!a# ; c*#t*ra#> a art!r $e# tercer c*r% $e E$*cac!:" Pr!mar!a.
TEMA *
1. L#eraura #%,a%#l =C.BraA% K!##aa"te : “Antología e la literatura infantil es*a&ola” 19$3) 1.1. /e!"!c!:" 134
1.2. 1.3.
L!terat*raD %ríge"e> tra"m!!:" ; m%me"t% act*a# T!%
*. El cue%o= "u -alor e&uca#-o (A!Pellegrín: “%l arte e contar cuentos” 19$3) 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.
/e#!m!tac!:" T!% $e c*e"t% L% c*e"t% c%m% rec*r% e$*cat!A% C*a#!$a$e $e #% c*e"t%
. Cr#er#o" +ara "elecc#o%ar u#l#6ar / %arrar cue%o" orale" / e"cr#o"
(A!Al'o4ar:
“Cuentos al a'or e la lu'0re” 199)
3.1. 3.2. 3.3.
Cr!ter!% ara e#ecc!%"ar c*e"t% %ra#e ; ecr!t% Cr!ter!% $e *t!#!ac!:" $e #% c*e"t% Cr!ter!% ara "arrar c*e"t% %ra#e ; ecr!t%
2. Ac#-#&a&e" a +ar#r &el cue%o 3. La 8#8l#oeca &el aula 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4.
(*"c!%"e <!ca C%"$!c!%"e eac!a#e ; mater!a#e Caracterít!ca $e #% #!r% $e #a !#!%teca $e a*#a C:m% *t!#!ar #a !#!%teca
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
TEMA * 1. LITERATURA INFANTIL =C.BraA% K!##aa"te : “Antología e la literatura infantil es*a&ola” 19$3) 135
1.1. /E(IICID La #!terat*ra !"a"t!# e #a ma"!etac!:" c*#t*ra# %ra# % ecr!ta @*e t!e"e e" #% "!&% * r!"c!a# $et!"atar!% c%" <"!m% $e %rmar#%> !"%rmar#% % $!Aert!r#%. 1.2.
LITETUD OEE> TII S OETO CTULD E# $earr%##% $e #a #!terat*ra !"a"t!# e tar$í% ='ata e# .[I[ %c% *e#% a*eta" %r e##a?. La #!terat*ra rec!e gra" !"#*e"c!a $e# %#Y#%re =(%#Vge"te ; #%reVa!$*ría?. La %ra $e# %#c#%re %" a":"!ma> %" creac!%"e c%#ect!Aa $e #% *e#% tram!t!$a> r!"c!a#me"te> Aía %ra#. Perra*#t> #% 'erma"% r!mmG%" a#g*"% $e #% a*t%re @*e c%"tr*;e" * #!terat*ra a<"$%e e" e# %#c#%re> #!terat*ra %r!g!"a#me"te "% $et!"a$a a "!&% ;a @*e #% c*e"t% etaa" ##e"% $e A!%#e"c!a> t%rt*ra> eF%G@*e '*% @*e *#!r ara a$ec*ar a #% "!&%. La #!terat*ra ara "!&% crece a me$!$a @*e e a!e"ta #a c%"cec!:" $e #a !"a"c!a c%m% *"a etaa $e $earr%##% '*ma"% eecí!ca. í e" e# .[[ =$e ##e"% e" e# Pa!$%ce"tr!m%? #a e$a$ $e# "!&% e ee c%"$*ct%r $e# a*t%r ; #a e$!t%r!a#e. e c%"%#!$a e"t%"ce e" "*etr% aí #a LI c%m% *" eac!% c*#t*ra# $e !m%rta"c!a c*a"t!tat!Aa ; c*a#!tat!Aa. /e!$% a #a tra"!c!:" %#ít!ca ; #a $em%crac!a> #% m%A!m!e"t% $e re"%Aac!:" e$ag:g!ca ; #a !"!c!at!Aa $e me$!% e$!t%r!a#e> !#!%tecar!% ; $e e"e&a"a a*me"ta #a $ema"$a %c!a# ara#e#ame"te a# a*me"t% $e tít*#%> c*r!,"$%e e# Aací% $e *"a tra$!c!:" tr*"ca$a $*ra"te #a $!cta$*ra.
1.3.
TIPOD L% t!% $e #!terat*ra !"a"t!# @*e *e$e" $!t!"g*!re %"D
L#eraura ra&#c#o%al= (%rma arte $e# agae c*#t*ra# $e *"a %c!e$a$. e"era#me"te * er%"ae %ee" *"a gra" carga aect!Aa ; !m:#!ca.
FolYlore #%,a%#l= Ua$% ara ac%ma&ar #% *eg% $e #% "!&%. =BreAe %ema c%" get%> %!!#!$a$ $e *ar#% e" * act!A!$a$e c%t!$!a"a ?na, ole!! . ; %ema @*e %" *" *r% *eg% tra0alenguas!!!”?
La L!terat*ra I"a"t!# tam!," *e$e er $!A!$!$aD
eg)" * crea&or > e": L!terat*ra crea$a ara "!&% L!terat*ra ga"a$a L!terat*ra I"tr*me"ta#!a$a L!terat*ra crea$a %r #% r%!% "!&%
eg)" e# $9%ero a# @*e erte"ece"D - Ora ,!ca =c*e"t%> #e;e"$a % <*#a? - Ora #ír!ca =a$!A!"a"a> reta'í#a % %eía !"a"t!#? - Ora $ram
*. EL CUENTO= SU VALOR EDUCATIVO (A!Pelegrín: “%l arte e contar cuentos” 19$3)
2.1.
/ELIITCID L% c*e"t% r%%rc!%"a" a# "!&% e"e!c!% c%m% e e# $e !"tr%$*c!r#% e" *" m*"$% $!ta"te ; m< c%m#e% @*e e# @*e e r%$*ce e" *"a c%"Aerac!:" $e tema ta"g!#e. T%$% e##% a traA, $e *" #e"g*ae !"tegra$% e" *" c:$!g% e#a%ra$% @*e #e am#ía "%ta#eme"te #a caac!$a$ $e *% $e# #e"g*ae.
2.2.
TIPO /E CUETO eg)" "a Pe#egrí"D =La eFte"!:" Aa a $ee"$er *"$ame"ta#me"te $e #a e$a$ $e #% "!&%?. 136
2.3.
Cue%o" &e ,7r0ula D Et<" A!"c*#a$% a #a etr*ct*ra #ír!ca ; c%"t!t*;e" *" mag"í!c% mater!a# $e *eg% ; $e eerc!tac!:" $e #a mem%r!a ; e# r!tm%D C*e"t% í"!m%> /e "*"ca acaar ; c*m*#at!A%. Cue%o" &e a%#0ale" *ar$a" *"a etrec'a re#ac!:" c%" #a <*#a. L% a"!ma#e act)a" c%m% #a er%"a ; t!!!ca" a#g)" rag% $e * car 2N acc!%"e $e# ',r%e 3N $ee"#ace e#!.
LO CUETO COO ECUO E/UCTIKOD e $etaca" #a !g*!e"te ra%"eD ♣
a%"e culurale"D Pr%%rc!%"a" *" acercam!e"t% a #a c*#t*ra> %ret%$% #% c*e"t% tra$!c!%"a#e.
♣
a%"e &#&c#ca"D Et!m*#a" #a !"terretac!:" $e !m
♣
a%"e $e# &e"arrollo +er"o%al= - C%g"!t!A%-aect!A%D at!ace" #a "ece!$a$e c%g"!t!A%-aect!Aa $e #% "!&% =c%"ecta" c%" e# e"am!e"t% a"!m!ta $e# "!&% ; a$em< trata" $e r%#ema trace"$e"ta#e !" c%"!$erar#% ta)?. - L!"gít!c%D P%"e" e" c%"tact% a# "!&% c%" *" #e"g*ae m< c*#t% ; e#a%ra$%. (aA%rece" e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae> #a r%!a !$e"t!$a$> e"am!e"t% !m:#!c% ; e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e# m*"$% "at*ra# ; %c!a#. - Creat!A!$a$ ; mem%r!aD (aA%rece e# $earr%##% $e #a !mag!"ac!:" ; #a a"taía. Et!m*#a #a mem%r!a.
2.4.
CULI//E /E LO CUETOD /ee" te"erD - Ra+#&e6 &e acc#7% =acc!%"e !m!#are a #a *;a ara ac!#!tar * eg*!m!e"t%? - Se%c#lle6 ce'#&a &e 0#"er#o =e#eme"t% c%t!$!a"%? - Ele0e%o re#era#-o . . CRITERIOS PARA SELECCIONAR UTILIAR ? NARRAR CUENTOS ORALES ? ESCRITOS (A!Al'o4ar: “Cuentos al a'or e la lu'0re” 199)
3.1.
CITEIO P ELECCIO CUETO OLE S ECITOD /eem% te"er e" c*e"taD La e&a& &e lo" %#'o" ♣ 1er c!c#% EI - Pre$%m!"!% $e #a !mage" ; e# m%A!m!e"t%. - /ee" *t!#!are c*e"tec!##% reAe c%" etr!!##%> ac%ma&a$% $e get% ; m%A!m!e"t%. 137
- E !"terea"te @*e aareca" e#eme"t% $e #a A!$a c%t!$!a"aD e# a$re> #a ma$re> e# e,> e# err%G - L!r% #aAa#e> #eF!#e> '!g!,"!c%> re!te"te a #a act!A!$a$ $e# "!&% =#a"$!t%> $e te#a> !mermea#eG? ; ma"!*#a#e =$e $ec*r!r> c%" $!ere"te teFt*ra> c%" e#eme"t% %"%r%G? ♣
2N c!c#% EI - L% c*e"t% $ee" er e"c!##%> re$*c!$%> ara @*e e# "!&% *e$a a!m!#ar#% ; c%"tar#% c%" ac!#!$a$. - L% #!r% *e$e" er !#*trac!%"e !" teFt% % c%" *" e@*e&% !e $e a t%$% c%#%r ; c%" $!*% @*e #e re*#te" am!#!are ='*!rem% $e #% car!cat*rec% ; etere%t!a$%?. - E# A%ca*#ar!% $ee er r!c%> #a re$acc!:" $ee te"er *" c!ert% et!#% #!terar!% ; #a etr*ct*ra $ee er c%'ere"te.
Su" #%ere"e"= L% c*e"t% $ee" a$atare a #% !"teree $e #% "!&%. # e#ecc!%"ar#% $eem% te"er e" c*e"ta e# e"t%r"% e" @*e A!Ae"> #a ,%ca $e# a&%> * A!Ae"c!a % ac%"tec!m!e"t% $e !"ter,G
La co%e;#7% co% lo" o8e#-o" &e la UUDD que "e e" ra8aa%&o= Otr% cr!ter!% ara #a e#ecc!:" e e# gra$% $e a$ec*ac!:" ara e# traa% $e #% %et!A% $!$
3.2. CITEIO /E UTILIWCI /E LO CUETOD E# c*e"t% $ee %rmar arte $e #a r%gramac!:"> *<"$%#% c%" m< rec*e"c!a a# et!m*#ar e# $earr%##% #!"gít!c%. Pa*ta <!ca ara * *t!#!ac!:"D - C%"%cer ; aer e#ecc!%"ar c*e"t% % #!r% !"a"t!#e crea$% rec!e"teme"te. - Prearar c*!$a$%ame"te #a "arrac!%"e ; rec!tac!%"e ara %recer a# "!&% *" #e"g*ae $e ca#!$a$. - Et!m*#ar e# c%"tact% $e #% "!&% c%" #% #!r%> e# $!<#%g% ; #a recreac!:" e" t%r"% a# #e"g*ae @*e ,t% #e %rece". - Prearar c*!$a$%ame"te #a act!A!$a$e $e eFre!:" %ra#> c%r%ra#> m*!ca#G@*e *e$e" rea#!are a art!r $e# c*e"t%. 3.3.
CITEIO P CUETO OLE S ECITO - e re@*!ere #a atm:era a$ec*a$aD am!e"te re#aa$%> #% "!&% e"ta$% e" %rma $e UG 138
- /*ra"te e# re#at% e !m%rta"te @*e #a m!ra$a $e# "arra$%r e %e e" $!t!"t% %;e"te> ar!e"$% #% %% $eme*ra$ame"te> e"trecerr<"$%#%> %"r!e"$%Gc*a"$% #a "arrac!:" #% re@*!era. - E# t%"% $e A% $ee er m%$era$%> m%$*#ar #a e"t%"ac!:" ; $!ere"c!ar a #% er%"ae %r e# t!mre $e #a A% =!" eFagerac!%"e?. - L% c*e"t% $ee" emeare ; term!"are !emre c%" #a m!ma :rm*#a r!t*a#e> c%" e# !" $e crear *" c#!ma m
2. ACTIVIDADES A PARTIR DEL CUENTO D C%m% ;a 'e e&a#a$%> a$em< $e #a !"a#!$a$ #)$!ca> e# c*e"t% *e$e *are ara $earr%##ar #a er%"a#!$a$ $e# "!&% a "!Ae# #!"gít!c%> c%g"!t!A%> %c!a# ; aect!A% ara $earr%##ar #a caac!$a$ eFre!Aa ; #<t!ca ara !"tr%$*c!r#% e" e# #e"g*ae %ra# ; ecr!t% ara m%t!Aar#eG Para c%"eg*!r et% %et!A% e# $%ce"te $e EI $ee r%%"er a# "!&% #a !g*!e"te act!A!$a$eD
ct!A!$a$e re#ac!%"a$a c%" e# #e"g*aeD - /!<#%g% ; Aera#!ac!%"e $e# "!&%> c%" a;*$a $e# r%e%r> %re @*, #e 'a arec!$% e# c*e"t%> @*, #e 'a g*ta$% ; @*, "%... - /ecr!c!:" $e #% er%"ae> * Aet!me"ta> #% eac!% @*e aarece"G - C%"tar $e %rma e@*!A%ca$a #% c*e"t% @*e e##% ;a c%"%ce" ; e$!r @*e e"c*e"tre" #a e@*!A%cac!:".
ct!A!$a$e rítm!ca ; #<t!caD - Ca"tar #a ca"c!%"e @*e aarece" e" e# c*e"t%. - /!*ar #% @*e "% 'a;a *ger!$% e# c*e"t%. - P!"tar ; rec%rtar e# er%"ae @*e m< "% 'a;a g*ta$%> m%$e#ar#% c%" #at!#!"a % arr%> 'acer *" m:A!# art!c*#a$%...
ct!A!$a$e $ram
!a""! %$ar! ram $!r!g!$a t%$a e##a a# $earr%##% $e #a a"taía> #a !mag!"ac!:" ; #a creat!A!$a$ $e# "!&%D
- !:te! a"t<t!caD +Q*, aaría !G
139
- E@*!A%car c*e"t%> ar%$!ar#%> cam!ar#%> a#argar#%> $ec!r#% a# reA,G Caer*c!ta Ker$e - E"a#a$a $e c*e"t% =!"terca#ar er%"ae $e %tr% c*e"t% % !"c#*% a #% m!m% "!&%?
3. LA BIBLIOTECA DEL AULA= U"a $e #a me%re ma"era ara acercar a# "!&% a #a #!terat*ra !"a"t!# e" ge"era# ; a# c*e"t% e" art!c*#ar e me$!a"te #a !#!%teca $e a*#a. 5.1.
(UCIOE BZICD La !#!%teca *e$e te"er *"a *"c!:" E$*cat!Aa> L)$!ca ;M% /e a;*$a a# $%ce"te.
5.2.
CO/ICIOE EPCILE S TEILED La !#!%teca $ee $!ere"c!are a !m#e A!ta %r * $ec%rac!:"> c%#%r $e m*e#eG/ee er *" r!"c:" tra"@*!#% ; atract!A%> c%" a#%mra ;M% c%!"e ara e"tare e" t%r"% a# r%e%r> ; !##a c:m%$a ara #eer !"$!A!$*a#me"te. La eta"tería etar<" a# a#ca"ce $e #% "!&%. /!%"$r< $e #*gare ara c%#%car reA!ta !"a"t!#e. L% #!r% $ee" etar %r$e"a$% =eA!tare am%"t%"am!e"t%? ; eF*et% $e %rma @*e e *e$a" Aer * %rta$a =;a @*e a)" "% ae" #eer?
5.3.
CCTETIC /E LO LIBO /E L BIBLIOTEC /E UL Re"#"e%e"= caí$a> ae%G Pr%c*rar @*e ea" $e ae# $*r% % cart:"> c%" '%a #at!!ca$a % $e te#a ; $e e"c*a$er"ac!:" :#!$a.
Ma%ea8le"= %a ca$a Ae m< $e#ga$a. L!r% c%rt%> $e %c% e%> $e tama&% me$!a"%> reer!#eme"te c*a$ra$% ; $e ca"t% re$%"$ea$%. Ilu"rac#o%e"= /!*% e" c%#%re A!A% ; Aar!a$%> $e tra% e"c!##% ; rea#!ta> %ca !g*ra =e e"r!@*ecer<" #% %"$% eg)" a*me"te #a e$a$?> %et% gra"$e ; et 2N ac%ma&a$a $e a#ara % rae reAe. Letra gra"$e ; c#ara. C*e"ta m< #a e##ea $e #a %rma @*e * r%!% c%"te"!$% =ca#!$a$ et,t!ca ; agra$a#e? A&ecua&o" a la e&a& e #%ere"e"= /ee" re*"!r #a *!c!e"te $!Aer!$a$ $e %rmat%> tema e !$ea c%m% ara at!acer #% $!ere"te !"teree $e #% "!&% ; a$ec*are a * caracterít!ca.
5.4. CO UTILIW L BIBLIOTEC - E# maetr% $ee $ar !"$!cac!%"e %re e# trat% ; ma"e% $e #% #!r%D c:m% e aa" #a '%a> c:m% e rec%ge" #% #!r% ; e c%#%ca" e" #a eta"teríaG - Car", $e #ect%reD Para ac!#!tar #a #%ca#!ac!:" $e #!r%> e $ee" reg!trar a# $ar#% $e a#ta %"!,"$%#e *" ")mer% $e reg!tr% ="% !"$!ca * c%#%cac!:" ; "% !rAe ara c%"tr%#ar #% r,tam%?. - e 'ace *" !c'er% $e !#!%teca @*e *e$e %r$e"are %r e&a&e" ;> $e"tr% $e ,ta> %r 0aer#a". 140
- La !#!%teca e *" #*gar tra"@*!#% $%"$e #% "!&% ac*$e" #!reme"te e" e# t!em% "% $!r!g!$% ara #eer #!r%> 'acer *#e> *gar c%" #etra $e ma$eraG ; e" e# t!em% $!r!g!$%> e rea#!a" act!A!$a$e c%m% Lect*ra $e #!r%> B)@*e$a $e !"%rmac!:" e" #!r%> Pree"tac!:" c%#ect!Aa $e # Eerc!c!% $e #e"g*ae> ct!A!$a$e $e ar%F!mac!:" a# #e"g*ae ecr!t% =P*#e $e #etra> ecr!t*ra !ct%gr<!caG?G
TEMA *1 141
1. La e&ucac#7% 0u"#cal e% la e"cuela #%,a%#l = 7u&o: “;a 'sica en %I” 199/)(CE!$9) (Caa +oa %I) 1.1. /e#!m!tac!:" '!t:r!ca ; #ega# 1.2. La m)!ca e" e# c*rríc*#% $e EI
*. De"cu8r#0#e%o &el "o%#&o / &el "#le%c#o 2.1. 2.2. 2.3.
/e#!m!tac!%"e %"!$%D A!Ae"c!a ; c*a#!$a$e !#e"c!%D A!Ae"c!a ; ae
. Caracer!"#ca" / cr#er#o" 3.1. 3.2.
(Orff, oal# # otros)
Ec*e#a ; a*t%re Caracterít!ca ; cr!ter!%
2. Lo" recur"o" &#&c#co" 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5.
La ca"c!:" La a*$!c!:" E# c*er% /a"a L% !"tr*me"t%
3. El ,olYlore +o+ular 5.1. 5.2. 5.3.
E# %#Y#%re e" e# c*rríc*#% $e EI E# %#Y#%re c%m% tema g#%a#!a$%r La $a"a c%m% %rma eFre!Aa $e# %#Y#%re
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
142
TEMA *1 1. LA EDUCACIÓN MUSICAL EN LA ESCUELA INFANTIL = 7u&o: “;a 'sica en %I” 199/)(CE!$9) (Caa +oa %I)
1.1.
/ELIITCI ITIC S LELD Tra$!c!%"a#me"te #a act!A!$a$e m*!ca#e e" EI e #!m!taa" a #a e"e&a"a-are"$!ae $e ca"c!%"e !"a"t!#e ; a*$!c!:" $e m)!ca c#<!ca> m!e"tra e rea#!aa" traa% $e %tra mater!a. !" emarg%> e# tratam!e"t% $e #a E$*cac!:" *!ca# e" eta etaa re@*!ere m< ate"c!:" a# !"c!$!r e" e# /I. Tra #a re%rma $e# !tema e$*cat!A% ea&%#> #a m)!ca aa a c%"!$erare c%m% *"a %rma $e eFre!:" =%r e##% e *!ca e" e# 3?. /e$e e# /CB e $!ceD Q8o se trata e Mue el ni&o a*rena 'sica, sino e Mue aMuiera la ca*acia e
serirse e este recurso eF*resio! ;o i'*ortante es Mue el ni&o sea ca*a e 'oerse con rit'o! Se trata e Mue a*rena a usar su o co'o instru'ento # conoca las *osi0iliaes eF*resias el cuer*o 'eiante la ana, isfrutano así e la actiia!!!
. 1.2.
L UIC E EL CUICULO /E E. I(TILD La E$*cac!:" *!ca# $ee etar re!$!$a %r *" %et!A% *"$ame"ta# e" EID Fa-orecer la e;+re"#7% / co0u%#cac#7%. Para e##%> e# r%e%r $ee ac!#!tar !t*ac!%"e $e c%m*"!cac!:" ; %r!e"tar a #% a#*m"% e" #a rea#!ac!:" eta act!A!$a$e. La m)!ca t!e"e *" gra" %$er g#%a#!a$%r e" EI> r%!c!a #a !"teracc!:" gr*a# me$!a"te act!A!$a$e c%#ect!Aa.
:
O8e#-o" $e%erale" E$*car #a e"!!#!$a$ ara catar e# me"ae m*!ca# ; c%mre"$er #a m)!ca c%m% arte caa $e r%$*c!r A!Ae"c!a et,t!ca.
:
/earr%##ar #a c*a#!$a$e m*!ca#e $e# "!&% $e %rma A!Ae"c!a#> !"tr%$*c!,"$%#% r%gre!Aame"te a# r%ce% $e 'acer ; ec*c'ar m)!ca.
:
E$*car e# %í$%> #a A% ; e# r!tm%.
Co%e%#&o" : C%"cet*a#eD *!$%> !#e"c!%> m)!ca> ca"c!:". La r%!e$a$e %"%ra $e# c*er%> %et% e !"tr*me"t% m*!ca#e. Ca"c!%"e $e# %#Y#%re ; c%"tem%r<"ea> $a"a %*#are ; a!#e. :
Pr%ce$!me"ta#eD /!cr!m!"ac!:" $e c%"trate <!c%. I"terretac!:" $e ca"c!%"e e"c!##a. Part!c!ac!:" e" e# ca"t% gr*a#. EF#%rac!:" $e #a %!!#!$a$e %"%ra $e# c*er%. Part!c!ac!:" e" $a"a.
:
ct!t*$!"a#eD /!r*te c%" e# ca"t%> e# a!#e ; #a !"terretac!:" m*!ca#. ct!t*$ re#aa$a ; ate"ta $*ra"te #a a*$!c!%"e. Ka#%rac!:" e !"ter, %r e# %#Y#%re $e #a reg!:".
Ac#-#&a&e"D E# $earr%##% $e #a m)!ca e ac!#!ta c%" act!A!$a$e rea#!a$a e" r#%co%e" =r%grama$a e" #a UU//? ;M% e" %tra r%grama$a e" t!em% $eterm!"a$%D Taller $e m)!ca> ca"c!%"e $!ar!aG
Meo&olo$!aD /ee a%;are e" $% gra"$e !#areD #a %erAac!:" ; #a
act!A!$a$. 143
E-aluac#7%= e trata $e @*e *eg% ; act!A!$a$e t!e"$a" a #%grar *"a ma$*rac!:" m< c%m#eta. E# re*#ta$% %!t!A% % "egat!A% etar< e" e# !"creme"t% ma$*rat!A% @*e #e 'a;am% r%$*c!$%.
*. DESCUBRIMIENTO DEL SONIDO ? DEL SILENCIO 2.1. /ELIITCIOED %"!$% ; !#e"c!% %" #% ee *"$ame"ta#e @*e $eterm!"ar<" #a %te"c!a#!ac!:" $e #% reta"te r%ce% $e #a e"e&a"a-are"$!ae $e #a E$*cac!:" *!ca#. :
So%#&o= e"ac!:" @*e r%A%ca e# m%A!m!e"t% A!rat%r!% $e #% c*er%. % $ee c%"*"$!re c%" e# r*!$%> @*e e *" %"!$% !"art!c*#a$% ; c%"*%.
:
S#le%c#o= *e"c!a $e %"!$%> % !g"% @*e #% reree"ta.
2.2. OI/OD KIKECI S CULI//ED /e$e * 1 !"a"c!a> e# "!&% cata #% %"!$% @*e %;e ; g%a *ga"$% c%" * A% % c%" *g*ete %"%r%. L% "!&% e acerca" a #% %"!$% m< r:F!m%> #% erc!e"> *ega" ; eFer!me"ta" c%" e##%> %erAa"$% * caracterít!ca c%m*"e ; $!ere"c!a#e. C%" #a !"%rmac!:" a$@*!r!$a ##ega" a !$e"t!!car #a *e"te r%$*ct%ra $e %"!$% e !"c#*% rer%$*c!r e% %"!$%. •
Cual#&a&e" &el "o%#&o / +o"#8le" ac#-#&a&e" T!mreD Ca$a !"tr*me"t% t!e"e *" t!mre @*e #% !$e"t!!ca. ct!A!$a$eD Im!tar #% t!mre r%$*c!$% %r a"!ma#eMer%"a. acer %"!$% c%" e# c*er%> mater!a#e $!Aer% % !"tr*me"t% m*!ca#eG I"te"!$a$D L% %"!$% *e$e" er *erte % $,!#e. ct!A!$a$eD /!ere"c!ar #a !"te"!$a$ $e %"!$% $e #a "at*ra#ea. %mrar Ae'íc*#% $e m*c'%M%c% r*!$%. Oír #a ra$!% *!e"$%Maa"$% e# A%#*me"G
#t*raD eg)" #a a#t*ra % e"t%"ac!:" #% %"!$% *e$e" er graAe % ag*$%. ct!A!$a$eD a#ar c%" A% ag*$a % graAe *a"$% títere % c*e"t%. er%$*c!r e# %"!$% $e m<@*!"a ; e":me"% "at*ra#e...
/*rac!:"D eg)" #a $*rac!:" #% %"!$% *e$e" er #arg% % c%rt%. ct!A!$a$eD EFer!me"tar #a $*rac!:" $e# %"!$% c%" e# c*er% * %et% $e #% "!&%. /ear A!rar #% %"!$%> !"terr*m!r#%> arar#%G
2.3. ILECIOD KIKECI S (ED La A!Ae"c!a $e# !#e"c!% aA%rece #a a*$!c!:" !"ter!%r ; #a c%"ce"trac!:". La "%c!:" $e !#e"c!% ; * %ter!%r a*t%mat!m% ##ega" grac!a a #a A!Ae"c!a $e ,te. L% etím*#% $e# me$!% am!e"te =r*!$% c%c'e> ca"t% <ar%G? !rAe" ara #%grar *"a act!t*$ $e ate"c!:"> "ecear!a e" eFer!e"c!a a*$!t!Aa. * %et!A% r!"c!a# e @*e #% "!&% ea" e"!#e a# !#e"c!% ; ea" Aa#%rar#%. •
Fa"e" &el +roce"o Jer0#%a alre&e&or &e lo" ) a'o">= : E# a$*#t% r%%rc!%"a *" am!e"te %"%r% a$ec*a$% ; !#e"c!% 'ec'% ara c%m*"!care c%" e# "!&%D ca"c!%"e> *eg% A%ca#eG : E# "!&% e eFrea a traA, $e %"!$% ; !#e"c!% ; r%gre!Aame"te t%ma c%"c!e"c!a $e am%. 144
: %"!$% ; !#e"c!% e %rga"!a" ara 'acer m)!ca ; #% "!&% are"$e" a ec%ger e# am!e"te %"%r% a$ec*a$% a #a act!A!$a$ =$ec!$e" ! "ece!ta" % "% e# !#e"c!%? ; act)a" e" c%"ec*e"c!a. • Ac#-#&a&e" +ara &e"cu8r#r el "#le%c#o J/ "o%#&o>= acem% %"!$% c%" #a ma"%
=a#ma$a? ; 'acem% !#e"c!% =m%Aer #% $e$%?> O tra!g% *"a ca!ta $e %"!$% =*e"a a# ar!r#a? ; $e !#e"c!% ="% *e"a?G
. CARACTER4STICAS ? CRITERIOS (Orff, oal# # otros) 3.1. ECUEL S UTOED #g*"% m,t%$% *ca" a%;% $!$
3.2.
:
E# m,t%$% /a#cr%e *t!#!a e# m%A!m!e"t% $e# cuer+o ara e# et*$!% $e# r!tm% e" ac%ma&am!e"t% e"c!##%> *ca"$% a$em< e# $earr%##% $e# %í$% !"ter"% c%" e# *% $e !"tr*me"t%.
:
E# !tema OrD E e# m< eFte"$!$% e" #a act*a#!$a$. Em#ea e# eerc#c#o ,!"#co ="egraVa"$ar> #a"caVa% g!ga"te> c%rc'eaVc%rrer #!gerame"te? ; #a e@*e&a +ercu"#7% c%m% r!"c!a# etrateg!a.
:
E# !tema X%$a#;D e aa e" #% $e"o" ; e" #a -o6. Baa #a e$*cac!:" m*!ca# e" #a ca%c#o%e" $e# aí @*e e ac%ma&a" $e !"tr*me"tac!:".
CCTETIC S CITEIOD e rete"$e @*e e# "!&% e !rAa $e #a m)!ca a# erA!c!% $e #% %et!A% ge"era#e. L% !m%rta"te e @*e $!r*te> eF#%reG *a"$% * c*er%> mater!a#e $!Aer% ; t,c"!ca a%c!a$a =etar<" e" *"c!:" $e * "!Ae# $e $earr%##% ; $e# c!c#% e" e# @*e et<"?D •
Por c#clo" : 1er c!c#%D L% rec*r% c%r%ra#e erm!te" $ec*r!r> eFer!me"tar ; *ar * r%!e$a$e %"%ra ; $e #% %et%> %me"ta"$% *" "*eA% !"tr*me"t% $e eFre!:" ; c%mre"!:" $e e"t!m!e"t% ; em%c!%"e. Pa#ma$a> *% $e !"tr*me"t%G erm!t!r<" ma"!*#ar> eFreareGe" !t*ac!%"e c%t!$!a"a ; $earr%##ar e# g*t% %r eta act!A!$a$e. ct!A!$a$eD EF#%rac!:" $e #a %!!#!$a$e %"%ra $e #% %et% =%"aer%> me#%$ía $e *" *g*eteG?> /!cr!m!"ac!:" e !m!tac!:" $e %"!$% c%t!$!a"% =te#,%"%> t!mreG?> ct!A!$a$e ara $!ere"c!ar %"!$%-!#e"c!%> I"terretar ca"c!%"e c%" get% ;M% m%A!m!e"t%G : 2N c!c#%D E# "!&% r%*"$!a e" #a eFer!me"tac!:" c%" * c*er% ; c%" #a r%!e$a$e %"%ra $e #% %et% =ca$a Ae m< e#a%ra$%?> aí am#!ar< * caac!$a$ $e eFreare ; c%mre"$er e"t!m!e"t% a traA, $e #% %"!$% ; e" c%"teFt% m*; $!ere"te. ct!A!$a$eD EF#%rac!:" $e #a r%!e$a$e %"%ra $e# c*er%> $e %et% ; $e !"tr*me"t% m*!ca#e> I"terretar etr!!##% ; ca"c!%"e !g*!e"$% e# *#% $e #a me#%$ía> Part!c!ar e" act!A!$a$e $e ca"t% c%#ect!A% c%%r$!"<"$%e c%" * c%ma&er% ; *t!#!ar !"tr*me"t% $e erc*!:" ara ac%ma&ar a# ca"t%> *$!c!:" ; Aa#%rac!:" $e !ea m*!ca#eG
• √
Por 08#o" 0u"#cale" E$*cac!:" a*$!t!AaD E# %í$% e e# e"t!$% m< c%mr%met!$% e" #a act!A!$a$ m*!ca#> ; "% e e$*ca e%"t<"eame"te. E# "!&% $ee rec%"%cer #a c*a#!$a$e $e# %"!$% 145
me$!a"te e# *eg% =!" er c%"c!e"te $e #a c*a#!$a$ @*e et< traaa"$%?. /etacam% #a a*$!c!:" m*!ca#> c%" #a @*e !"tr%$*c!m% a# "!&% a# m*"$% m*!ca#. Pr%gre!Aame"te ec*c'a %ra m*!ca#e $!ere"te ; eFrea #a em%c!:" @*e #e *c!ta". √
E$*cac!:" A%ca#D L% "!&% ca"ta" e%"t<"eame"te ; g%a" eFrea"$% * em%c!%"e me$!a"te #a A% ; e# m%A!m!e"t%. Ca"ta"$% e$*cam% #a A% ; e# c*er% ="% e *e$e em!t!r *"a A% c%rrecta c%" *" t%"% m*c*#ar> act!t*$ ; %t*ra !"c%rrect%?. Ca"tar erm!te #a !"terretac!:" $e #a m)!ca ;a c%m*eta> #a c%#a%rac!:" gr*a#> #a a%rtac!:" er%"a#> eF#!car c%a> eFrear e"ac!%"e> a"!mar *eg%G
√
E$*cac!:" rítm!caD * !"a#!$a$e e $!r!ge" a# c*er% =c%"tr%# $e í m!m%G? ; a #a me"te =ate"c!:"G?. L% eerc!c!% $e traa% rítm!c% *e$e" 'acere !" mem%r!a m*!ca# "! m%t%ra =re*eta !m*#t<"ea? % c%" ama mem%r!a =re*eta marca$a?. E# r!tm% *e$e er !"ter"% % eFter"%. E# r!tm% m*!ca# e a%;a e" e# r!tm% "at*ra# $e #a a#ara =r!maG? ; e# *% $e !"tr*me"t% "at*ra#e ; "% "at*ra#e.
√
E$*cac!:" !"tr*me"ta#D E" EI e ce"tra e" e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e a#g*"% !"tr*me"t% ; * *% ara ac%ma&ar ca"c!%"e> marcar r!tm%G =% e rete"$e e# $%m!"!% $e !"tr*me"t%?. L% !"tr*me"t% @*e r!"c!a#me"te e *a" %" #% $e erc*!:" ; $e $!t!"t% mater!a# =ma$eraVmaraca> meta#Vtr!<"g*#%G?. Tam!," e m*; !"terea"te e# *% $e e#eme"t% "at*ra#e =c*er%? ; %et% %"%r% =c*c'araG?.
2. LOS RECURSOS DID@CTICOS 4.1. L CCID E e# rec*r% $!$ * ate"c!:" ; e# e"t!m!e"t% $e erte"e"c!a a *" gr*%. E# e$*ca$%r $ee #a"teare c*<#e %" #a m< ar%!a$a> *ca"$%D @*e ea" a$ec*a$a a #a e$a$> !"teree $e #% "!&% ; %ca!:"> c%" A%ca*#ar!% a$ec*a$%> r!tm% e"c!##%> me#%$ía $eca"%G?. T%$a e#ecc!:" $ee !"c#*!r ca"c!%"e !"a"t!#e> %*#are> %#Y#:r!ca ; $!$ $e c%rta $*rac!:" ; *er!c!a#. Pretar ate"c!:" re@*!ere !"m%A!#!$a$ c%r%ra# ; e##% *%"e *"a $!!c*#ta$ a&a$!$a. La a*$!c!:" aarca $e$e ec*c'ar a# e$*ca$%r ca"tar *"a ca"c!:" % t%car *" !"tr*me"t%> 'ata ec*c'ar #a graac!:" $e *" c#<!c%> %*#ar % m%$er"%. E# t!em% $e a*$!c!:" $ee er reAe ; "% rete"$er @*e #% "!&% et," ate"t% $*ra"te t%$% e# ragme"t%.
: * c#clo= /e*, $e #a r!mera a*$!c!%"e aarem% a #a m)!ca !"terreta$a c%" !"tr*me"t% m*!ca#e> e" $!rect% % graa$a. a; @*e r%c*rar @*e c%"%ca" a#g*"% ragme"t% $e %ra m*!ca#e ; ea" e# "%mre $e #a %ra ; e# c%m%!t%r. Para e##% #% "!&% "ece!ta" #a reet!c!:"> $!r*ta"$% c*a"$% a# ec*c'ar ae" #% @*e Ae"$r< $e*,. L% ragme"t% * %ra m*!ca#e 'a" $e er c%rt% ; "*"ca a*rr!r. 146
4.3.
EL CUEPOD E# "!&% e !rAe $e * !"tr*me"t% c%r%ra#e ara ac%ma&ar ca"c!%"e> r!ma> rec!tac!%"e ; m%A!m!e"t%... !g*!e"$% aí *" r%ce% $e $ec*r!m!e"t% $e * %!!#!$a$e %"%ra.
4.4. /WD P*e$e er #!re % marca"$% e# r!tm% $e *"a marc'a. La !mr%A!ac!:" $ee et!m*#are. e rea#!a a# $%m!"ar e# "!&% ;a * c*er%. re"$e aí a% $e $a"a %*#are ; #% ac%#a a #% $e %tr% "!&%. 4.5.
LO ITUETOD
:
ater!a#e ara r%$*c!r %"!$% =Caa $e ma$era> a#%> cacae#e> cama"a> mater!a#e $!c%"t!"*%G?
:
ater!a#e a*$!%A!*a#e =T%ca$!c%> Aí$e%> $!c%> ra$!%-caeteG?
:
I"tr*me"t% m*!ca#e =araca> tam%re> a"$ereta> tr!<"g*#%> F!#:%"%G?
:
ater!a#e "at*ra#e ; $e $eec'% ge"era$%re $e %"!$% =C%rc'%> ma$era> %te> #ata> caaG?
3. EL FOLLORE POPULAR 5.1. EL (OLXLOE E EL CUCULO /E EID E" e# c*rríc*#% e #a"tea #a "ece!$a$ $e acercar a #a ec*e#a #a ma"!etac!%"e c*#t*ra#e m*!ca#e> c%"tem#a"$% * caracterít!ca a art!r $e #a a*$!c!:"> #a eFre!:" m*!ca# ; e# a"<#!! $e #a %ra. E# "!&% !r< c%"%c!e"$% ca"c!%"e> a!#e> ma"!etac!%"e artít!ca ; m*!ca#e $e * c%m*"!$a$> Aa#%r<"$%#a c%m% eFre!%"e c*#t*ra#e c%" #a @*e e !$e"t!!ca * *e#%> c%marcaG e *g!ere *" tratam!e"t% $!$ ; %r #a %rma m< e"c!##aD "a"a> r%ma"ceG 5.2. EL (OLXLOE COO TE LOBLIW/OD E# %#Y#%re e "*tre $e %tra ma"!etac!%"e %*#are c%" #a @*e e emarea> ; @*e e# r%e%r tam!," $ee !"c%r%rar a# r%ce% $e e"e&a"a-are"$!aeD (et!A!$a$e =aA!$a$G?> trae =a##eraG?> ca"c!%"e =A!##a"c!c%G?> a!#e =a#<G?> m)!ca =a"$eretaG?> etc. í e# %#Y#%re a$%ta *" car
L /W COO (O E[PEIK /EL (OLXLOED E" e# "!&% e Ae #a re#ac!:" eF!te"te e"tre m)!ca-m%A!m!e"t%> ;a @*e a# %ír m)!ca reacc!%"a !"me$!atame"te m%A!e"$% #a caea> #a ma"%G La $a"a e"c!##a *e$e" !r ac%ma&a$a $e r!tm% %*#are ara !"tr%$*c!r #a A!$a $e #a c%m*"!$a$ e" EI. e trata $e @*e are"$a" e@*e&% a% a'%ra @*e e# "!&% ma"ea * c*er% m< c%"tr%#a$ame"te ; *e$e ate"ere a reg#a c%re%gr<!ca. Ea&a e *" aí m*; r!c% e" %#Y#%reD #% a!#e %#Y#:r!c% !m#!!ca$% $e ca$a reg!:" %" eem#% ara te"er e" c*e"ta ; ract!car#% e" c#ae. La a*$!c!:" $e * m)!ca> e# et*$!% $e * Aet*ar!% tí!c% ; e# c%"trate c%" %tr% gr*% %#Y#:r!c% %" act!A!$a$e !"terea"te. Ca"c!%"e %*#are c%m% /:"$e et<" #a ##aAe e 'a" !"c%r%ra$% a# reert%r!% !"a"t!# ; e ca"ta" c%m% ca"c!%"e $e c%rr% * %tr% *eg%. La $a"a c%" mater!a#e a#ter"at!A% %" tam!," %!t!Aa =ED Paracaí$a?. La C%"e##ería 'a ##eAa$% a ca% r%;ect% $e rea"!mac!:" $e "*etra c*#t*ra %*#ar> c%" *#!cac!%"e $!$ etc.? 147
TEMA ** 1. E-oluc#7% &e la e;+re"#7% +l"#ca e% lo" %#'o" ="!;oRenfel:“esarrollo e la ca*acia creaora”!19$)! 1.1. /e#!m!tac!:" 1.2. EA%#*c!:" $e #a eFre!:" #<t!ca *. Ele0e%o" 8"#co" &el le%$uae +l"#co (ellog # ;urcat, 19$1 # 19$/) 2.1. P%r %r$e" $e aar!c!:" 2.2. E#eme"t% g#%a#e m< reree"tat!A% . Ele0e%o" &e la +ro$ra0ac#7% &e la e;+re"#7% +l"#ca (+ 133-91) (C 19-9/) 3.1. Oet!A% 3.2. C%"te"!$% 3.3. Etrateg!a met%$%#:g!ca 3.4. ct!A!$a$e 3.5. ec*r% mater!a#e 3.6. EAa#*ac!:" 2. Mo&elo" / e"ereo#+o" 4.1. %$e#% 4.2. Etere%t!% E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
148
TEMA ** 1. EVOLUCIÓN DE LA EPRESIÓN PL@STICA EN LOS NIÑOS ="!;oRenfel: “esarrollo e la ca*acia creaora”! 19$)!
1.1.
/ELIITCID La eFre!:" #<t!ca e e# !"tr*me"t% e$ag:g!c% @*e $e!g"a a #a act!A!$a$e ; tarea artít!ca-creat!Aa> c%"t!t*t!Aa $e# C*rríc*#% O!c!a# $e EI =/!*ar> m%$e#ar> crear %rmaG?.
1.2.
EKOLUCI /E L E[PEI PLZTICD E" #% a% @*e rec%rre #a eFre!:" #<t!ca !"a"t!# e $!t!"g*e"> eg)" L%_e"e#$> $% etaaD
Ea+a &el $ara8ao =2-4?D L% garaat% %" #a 1 ma"!etac!%"e gr<!ca A%#*"tar!a> "% %" #í"ea $ec%"tr%#a$a c%#%ca$a a# aar. La eA%#*c!:" $e# garaat% re%"$e a #% r%ce% ercet!A% ; m%t%reD : araat% !" c%"tr%#D E# "!&% c%m!e"a a a*t%eFreare gr<!came"te c%" ete t!% $e garaat% a#re$e$%r $e# a&% ; me$!%. Eta etaa e caracter!a %r@*e e# m%A!m!e"t% $e #a ma"% "% e c%"tr%#a c%" #a A!ta =rea#!a e# garaat% m!ra"$% 'ac!a %tr% #a$%?. Et% r!mer% $!*% "% t!e"e" e"t!$%> "% rete"$e" reree"tar #a rea#!$a$ ; %" $e%r$e"a$%> ;a @*e e# "!&% "% ##ega a c%"tr%#ar * m%A!m!e"t%. : araat% c%"tr%#a$%D #re$e$%r $e #% 2 a&%> e# %% em!ea a c%"tr%#ar e# tra%. La %rma $!*a$a "% $!!ere" $ema!a$% $e #a $e #a etaa a"ter!%r> e #a act!t*$ re"te a #a r%$*cc!%"e #a @*e 'a cam!a$%. e Ae c%m% e# $!*% e $!tr!*;e me%r e" #a #a Aera#!ac!:" $a e# !g"!!ca$% 2N Sa aarece" emea"a> #a Aera#!ac!:" e *"e a# gra!m% ; 3N EF!te *" #a" reA!% $e $!*% =e e"*"c!a #% @*e Aa a $!*ar> m%me"t% @*e $a a% a #a !g*!e"te etaa?.
Ea+a +ree"que0#ca =4-7?D L% garaat% eA%#*c!%"a" 'ac!a %rma rec%"%c!#e. e *e$e et*$!ar e" ete etaa #a eA%#*c!:" $e 3 e#eme"t%D : La !g*ra '*ma"aD E e# 1er ím%#% @*e e $!*a. Pr!mer%> e reree"ta c%" *" círc*#% c%" tra% ra$!a#e =eFtrem!$a$e? e" ")mer% Aar!a#e = re%acuao % 0o%#$oe +r#0##-o>. E# e@*ema c%" e# @*e e reree"ta #a !g*ra '*ma"a Aa !<"$%e %r reet!c!:" !tem a# t!em% @*e e e"r!@*ece $e!$% a #a eFer!e"c!a ercet!Aa. P%r e% %$em% aer grac!a a ,# c:m% eA%#*c!%"a e# e@*ema c%r%ra#. La 1 reree"ta$a e #a caea =%r e##a e c%me> e AeG?> #*eg% #a eFtrem!$a$e =c%rrem%> c%gem% #a c%aG? ; %r )#t!m% e# tr%"c% recta"g*#ar. eg)" aa e# t!em% t%$% e e"r!@*eceD #a caea =%%> %caG?> #a eFtrem!$a$e =ma"%> !eG? ; e# tr%"c% =c*e##%> r%aG?. #% 5-6 a&% e# re"ac*a% e 'a c%"Aert!$% e" *"a !g*ra '*ma"a ata"te e#a%ra$a =a Aece e reree"ta e" m%A!m!e"t%?.
149
: La $!tr!*c!:" eac!a#D # r!"c!!%> #% gra!m% aarece" !" $!tr!*c!:" c%'ere"te> *rge" e" e# %r$e" e" @*e aarece" e" #a me"te $e @*!e" $!*a. Ca$a e@*ema e !"$ee"$!e"te. # !r eerc!ta"$% e# gra!m%> #% e@*ema e re#ac!%"a" ; agr*a" e" t%r"% a *"a !g*ra r!"c!a#> er% a)" arece" #%tar e" e# ae#. La re#ac!%"e eac!a#e "% e eta#ece" e" *"c!:" $e# arec!$% c%" #a eFer!e"c!a ercet!Aa> !"% c%" #a eFer!e"c!a em%c!%"a#. La r%%rc!:" $e #% e#eme"t% t!e"e tam!," eF#!cac!:" em%c!%"a# =e# er%"ae ce"tra# e !t)a e" e# ce"tr% $e #a '%a> t!e"e *" tama&% ma;%rG? La aar!c!:" $e er!e a;*$a a #a %rga"!ac!:" $e# eac!%. # !"a# $e eta etaa> e a*"ta" ;a "*eAa %#*c!%"e ara #a reree"tac!:" =eac!% tr!$!me"!%"a#> reree"tac!:" $e #a erect!Aa ; r%*"$!$a$G? : E# *% $e# c%#%rD E" #a etaa $e# garaat% e# c%#%r "% !m%rta $ema!a$%. e e#!ge" #% m< ##amat!A% ; e# !g"!!ca$% e eta#ece e" *"c!:" $e #a %rma @*e aarece" e" #a '%a. E" eta etaa e c%m!e"a *a"$% e# c%#%r %r aar> %r g*t%> %r "%Ae$a$Ger% !" "!"g*"a rete"!:" $e c%rre#ac!:" c%" #a rea#!$a$. L% !"te"t% $e 'a##ar re#ac!%"e e"tre #% c%#%re *a$% ; #a er%"a#!$a$ % e# eta$% $e# "!&% "% 'a" !$% c%"c#*;e"te. traA, $e #a %erAac!:" e $ec*re" re#ac!%"e e"tre e# c%#%r ; #% %et%> er% #a reree"tac!:" rea#!ta $e #% c%#%re aarecer< m< tar$e $e %rma e%"t<"ea. *. ELEMENTOS B@SICOS DEL LENGUAE PL@STICO (ellog # ;urcat, 19$1 # 19$/)
2.1. PO O/E /E PICID Xe##%g rea#!a *" et*$!% $e #% e#eme"t% <!c% $e# $!*% a art!r $e #a m*etra $e #a e$a$ !"a"t!#. /!t!"g*e $!ere"te categ%ría $e etr*ct*rac!:" $e# get% gr<!c%. • E% relac#7% al ra6o= L% garaat% <!c%D %" tra% e#eme"ta#e @*e %rma"
$!*% =P*"t%> #í"ea Aert!ca#> '%r!%"ta#> c*rAaG? • E% relac#7% a la "#uac#7% D Patr%"e $!%!c!%"a#eD (%rma $e $!tr!*c!:" $e#
garaat% e" #a '%a. e@*!ere $ece"trar #a ate"c!:" $e# tra% ; erc!!r #a t%ta#!$a$ $e# ae# =ce"tra$%> m!ta$ '%r!%"ta#G?. • Co% relac#7% a la" ,or0a" D L% $!agramaD %" #a !g*ra ge%m,tr!ca @*e e
c%m!"ar<" ara %rmar $!*%D rect<"g*#%> c*a$ra$%> círc*#%G? • E% relac#7% a la co%"rucc#7% &el $ra,#"0o D L% $!agrama agr*a$% $e 2 e" 2 e
##ama" C%m!"ac!%"e ; $e 3 % m< grega$%. P*e$e" agr*are $e Aar!a %rmaD eara$%> *er*et%> !"c#*!$%G
2.2.
ELEETO LOBLE Z EPEETTIKOD L*rcat et*$!a e# $earr%##% ara#e#% $e #a !g*ra =reree"tac!%"e $e #a rea#!$a$? ; #a %rma =tra% !" !"te"c!:" reree"tat!Aa?. e *e$e a"a#!arD
La ,or0a= * m!!:" e !"%rmar"% $e #% aect% eFter"% @*e c%"!g*ra" e# %et%. EF!te" Aar!a c#a!!cac!%"e $e #a %rmaD P*e$e er !a % 150
m:A!#> reg*#ar % !rreg*#ar> !m,tr!ca % "%> cerra$a % a!ertaG eg)" e# t!% $e reree"tac!:" *e$e er !g*rat!Aa =reree"ta %et% rea#e?> !m:#!ca =!"tet!a #% %et% e" !g"%? % atracta ="% !g*rat!Aa?. eg)" e# eac!% $%"$e e mater!a#!a *e$e er !$!me"!%"a# =%re *"a *er!c!e? % tr!$!me"!%"a# =e" A%#*me"?. Para #a eta#t> c%rr!e"te !c%#:g!ca $e r!"c!!% $e !g#%> #a %rma "*"ca e Ae a!#a$a> !"% e" c%"*"t% c%" * e"t%r"%.
El color= L% c%#%re e $!A!$e" e" r!mar!%> ec*"$ar!% ; terc!ar!%. Otra %!#e c#a!!cac!%"e %"D c%#%re %*et% % c%m#eme"tar!%> rí% % ca#!e"teGE" #a etaa $e# garaat% $e%r$e"a$% ; %r$e"a$% "% 'a; reere"c!a %r e# c%#%r e" í ; "%rma#me"te "% e cam!a $e c%#%r. E" #a etaa $e# garaat% c%" "%mre e *a e# c%#%r ;a !"te"c!%"a$ame"te. Cam!a e# c%#%r a# cam!ar #% e#eme"t% reree"ta$%. E# "!&% 'ace *" *% *et!A% $e# c%#%r =@*e t!e"e !m%rta"c!a ec*"$ar!a?. E" #a etaa ree@*em
La e;ura= E #a ca#!$a$ $e #a *er!c!e $e t%$a mater!a> %te"c!a #a eFre!:" ; e arte !"tegra"te $e #a %rma e" *"a %ra. La c*a#!$a$e ercet!#e e" t%$a mater!a %"D !"a> r*g%a> <eraG eg)" e# re$%m!"!% $e *"% * %tr% e"t!$% #a c#a!!cam% e" t
El e"+ac#o= eg)" P!aget> #a ercec!:" $e# eac!% e *e$e a"a#!ar a art!r $e 3 eta$!%D C%"cet% $e eac!% t%%#:g!c% =e a%;a e" #a %rma r!mar!aD r%F!m!$a$> #ea"ía> *ce!:"> %r$e"... E# "!&% $e EI e eFrea *a"$% %ret%$% eta ercec!:"?> $e eac!% r%;ect!A% =cata #a r%*"$!$a$? ; $e eac!% e*c#!$!a"% =C%"erAa #a me$!$a ; r%%rc!%"e?.
El -olu0e%= E" eta etaa a)" rea#!a e# $!*% #a"%> !" $ar#e $!me"!%"a#!$a$. %" caracterít!c% #% $!*% e" ra;% [ % tra"are"te e" #% @*e e arec!a a# m!m% t!em% e# !"ter!%r ; e# eFter!%r $e #% %et%. Tam!," e rec*e"te @*e e" e# m!m% $!*% 'a;a 2 % m< *"t% $e A!ta =er%"a $!*a$a $e er!# c%" rag% $e re"te?. E# me%r rec*r% ara traaar e# A%#*me" %" #a t,c"!ca $e m%$e#a$%.
. ELEMENTOS DE LA PROGRAMACIÓN DE LA EPRESIÓN PL@STICA (+ 133-91) (C 19-9/)
3.1.
:
OBETIKO /earr%##ar #a caac!$a$ $e eFre!:" ; c%m*"!cac!:" a traA, $e# me$!% #<t!c%.
:
/earr%##ar *"a act!t*$ $e reet% 'ac!a #a r%$*cc!%"e r%!a ; $e #% $em<.
:
/earr%##ar act!t*$e $e c*!$a$% 'ac!a #% mater!a#e> '<!t% $e #!m!ea> %r$e" ; "%rma acerca $e * *t!#!ac!:" ; c%"erAac!:".
:
C%"%cer a#g*"a t,c"!ca e"c!##a $e eFre!:" #<t!ca ; $e eta %rma e"r!@*ecer * %!!#!$a$e eFre!Aa. 151
3.2.
COTEI/O • Co%ce+o"= ater!a#e ; e#eme"t% ara #a eFre!:" #<t!ca =%rma> c%#%re> teFt*ra ; mater!a#e #<t!c%?> /!Aer!$a$ $e %ra #<t!ca ree"te e" e# e"t%r"% =!"t*ra> ec*#t*ra> %t%graíaG?G • Proce�#e%o"= Pr%$*cc!:" $e %ra #<t!ca ara eFrear *ce%> A!Ae"c!a>
a"taía ; $ee%> U% $e #a t,c"!ca <!ca $e# $!*%> !"t*ra> m%$e#a$%G ; $e mater!a#e eecí!c% e !"eecí!c%G • Ac#u&e"= *t% %r #a r%$*cc!%"e r%!a ; reet% %r #a $e #% $em<> C*!$a
%$$e #% mater!a#e e !"tr*me"t% @*e e *t!#!a" e" #a r%$*cc!%"e #<t!caG 3.3.
ETTEI ETO/OLIC %t!Aac!:"D La act!A!$a$ $ee art!r $e #% !"teree $e# "!&% ; c%"tar c%" *"a ree"tac!:" atract!Aa. E ee"c!a# @*e #% "!&% $!r*te" c%" eta act!A!$a$e. E# !"ter, ; arec!% $e# maetr% e *" *e" etím*#%. E# *eg%D La e$*cac!:" #<t!ca $ee c%"tr!*!r a at!acer #a "ece!$a$ $e eFre!:" ; eF#%rac!:" me$!a"te e# *% $e t,c"!ca ; mater!a#e m*; $!Aer%. E# *eg% e *" e#eme"t% e$*cat!A% $e 1er %r$e".
E"%@*e g#%a#!a$%rD La eFre!:" #<t!ca e *"a act!A!$a$ $e eFre!:" ; c%m*"!cac!:".> $ee *care #a met%$%#%gía g#%a#!a$a a art!r $e ce"tr% $e !"ter,> r%;ect%Gart!e"$% $e #a eFer!e"c!a $e# "!&%.
Traa% c%#ect!A%D L% "!&% $ee" art!c!ar e" traa% c%#ect!A% !m*#t<"eame"te a #a r%$*cc!%"e !"$!A!$*a#e> %r@*e %me"ta" e# reet% %r e# traa% r%!%> $e #% $em<> #% mater!a#e e !"tr*me"t%.
3.4.
CTIKI//E Ac#-#&a&e" &e 0a%#+ulac#7%= ec%rte a $e$% ; c%" t!era> ega$%> c%!$%> #ega$%> c%#age> !ca$%> !"t*ra m*ra#> arr*ga$%> c%m%!c!%"e c%" a#!##%> c%"tr*cc!:" $e m:A!#e> tra"are"c!aG
Ac#-#&a&e" &e 0o&ela&o= P#at!#!"a> arr% % arc!##a> 'ar!"a ; ag*a> eFer!me"tac!:" c%" m%#$eG
Ac#-#&a&e" co% +#%ura= /act!#%!"t*ra> m%"%c%!a> !mre!%"e> !"t*ra c%" !"ce#> etamac!%"e> ar"!ar> %#a$%> ata $e ae#> $!*% %re #
3.5. √
ECUO TEILE ater!a# *"g!#eD Cera> t,mera> !"t*ra $e $e$%> r%t*#a$%re> #<!ce> c%#a> ar"!> arc!##a> #at!#!"a> #*ma> te#a> a#!##%> t!a> c*er$a> '!#%> t*% $e cart:"G
152
√
ater!a# "% *"g!#eD !"ce#e> e%"a> r%$!##%> t%a##a> caa##ete> !"a> a#% ara m%$e#ar> rec!!e"te $e #<t!c%> t!era> *"%"e> g%ma e#<t!ca> aa#%r!%> graa$%ra> aca*"ta> %t%c%!a$%raG
3.6.
EKLUCID La etrateg!a a a#!car e" #a eAa#*ac!:" e re*me" e" #a !g*!e"teD a? La eAa#*ac!:" etar< $!r!g!$a reere"teme"te a# r%ce% ; ate"$er< a #% mater!a#e> am!e"te $e #a c#ae> t,c"!ca *t!#!a$a> a$ec*ac!:" $e #a act!A!$a$e a# m%me"t% eA%#*t!A% e# a#*m"a$%G
? e eA!tar< #a eAa#*ac!:" $e #% aect% c%rre%"$!e"te a etaa %ter!%re> c%m% ería" #a erecc!:" e" e# traa%> #a !"terretac!:" c%rrecta ; !e# $e #a rea#!$a$> #a a$ec*ac!:" a *" temaG c?
La eAa#*ac!:" e 'ar< e" re#ac!:" c%" #a creac!%"e a"ter!%re ; %ter!%re e" #í"ea $e r%gre%. T%$% traa% er< c%me"ta$% %r * a*t%r ara c%"%cer #a !t*ac!%"e @*e r%$ea" * rea#!ac!:" ; #a %rma e" @*e reacc!%": a"te #% mater!a#e ; eFer!e"c!a. $em<> e eA!tar< *car *" !g"!!ca$% !c%#:g!c% r%*"$% e" #% $!*% !"a"t!#e.
$?
er< %et!A% $e eAa#*ac!:"D #a r%gre!Aa a$@*!!c!:" $e '<!t%> #a act!t*$e> $etrea> $earr%##% =$!tr!*c!:" $e eac!%> reree"tac!:" $e m%A!m!e"t%G? ; creat!A!$a$ =%r!g!"a#!$a$?.
2. MODELOS ? ESTEREOTIPOS 4.1. O/ELOD %" #% eem#% =%et% % !m
La !m%!c!:" $e eem#% ; mater!a#e "% re%"$e a #% !"teree !"a"t!#e. E# "!&% a# c%!ar> :#% rer%$*ce eFre!%"e ae"a ; %mete * e"am!e"t% a# $e %tra er%"a.
-
La eFre!:" $e m%$e#% ae"% #% r!Aa $e eFrear * r%!a re#ac!%"e c%" #a rea#!$a$.
-
La c%!a $e eFre!%"e *e$e crear#e $!!c*#ta$e ara g%ar $e #a #!erta$ $e crear> *e aceta #a ma"!etac!%"e $e #% $em< c%m% me%re> #% @*e !m!$e e# $earr%##% #e"% $e * er%"a#!$a$.
E" *"c!:" $e e##%> #a Ec*e#a I"a"t!# "% ree"tar< m%$e#% ara c%!ar> !"% @*e m%t!Aar< a# a#*m"% ara @*e ,# m!m% cree * r%!a eFre!%"e. P%r %tra arte eA!tar< #a !"#*e"c!a $e m%$e#% ree"ta$% %r %tr% ca*ce c%m% %"D I"terere"c!a a$*#ta $!recta> #a !"terere"c!a $e #% me$!% $e c%m*"!cac!:"> e# e#%g!% $eme*ra$% $e #a eFre!%"e #<t!ca $e %tr% "!&% #% @*e !"c!ta a #% $em< a c%!ar#e> etc. 4.2.
ETEEOTIPOD %" #a reet!c!%"e !"ca"a#e $e eFre!%"e #<t!ca> a$@*!r!$a !" eFer!e"c!a $!recta c%" #a rea#!$a$ ; re!te"te a# cam!% a"te #a !"%rmac!:" % eFer!e"c!a "*eAa. La rec*e"te reet!c!%"e etere%t!a$a e e"c*e"tra" ge"era#me"te e" r%$*cc!%"e $e "!&% @*e t!e"e" %ca eg*r!$a$ e" í 153
m!m%> 'a" !$% e#%g!a$% %r #a #amac!:" $e et% m%#$e % e #e 'a" ree"ta$% c%m% m%$e#% a !m!tarG L% etere%t!% m< c%m*"e erte"ece" aD −
La !g*ra '*ma"aD eca e" #a cara e" %rma $e *"t%> e#% #arg% e" #a "!&a ; c%rt% e" #% "!&%> %rma c!rc*#are ara !"$!car #a me!##a> %ca e" #a #í"ea c*rAa 'ac!a arr!a ara reree"tar #a %"r!aG
−
La caaD e $!*a $e re"te> c%" *"a *erta> Ae"ta"a c%" rea e# tec'% e a $% ag*a> ca! r%%> ; m*c'a Aece t!e"e c'!me"ea c%" '*m% e" e!ra#. e ac%ma&a $e *"a Aa##a ; *"
Et% etere%t!% "% c%rre%"$e" a #a rea#!$a$ @*e r%$ea a #% "!&% %r #% @*e e "ecear!% #!erar#e $e #a *m!!:" a eta !m
154
TEMA * 1. La e;+re"#7% cor+oral (=, 7otos: “Iniciaci4n a la eF*resi4n cor*oral”! 19$3)! 1.1. C%"cet% ; c%"!$erac!%"e 1.1. Caracterít!ca 1.2. La E.C c%m% %rma $e c%m*"!cac!:" *. El $e"o / el 0o-#0#e%o 2.1. E# get% ; * ma"!etac!%"e eFre!Aa 2.2. E# m%A!m!e"t%D t!%> c%m%"e"te ; %!!#!$a$e . La e;+re"#7% cor+oral co0o a/u&a e% la co%"rucc#7% &e la #&e%#&a& / auo%o0!a +er"o%al 3.1. Pr%ce% eA%#*t!A% $e c%"tr*cc!:" 3.2. Tratam!e"t% $e #a E.C. e" e# c*rríc*#% 2. El ue$o "#087l#co / el ue$o &ra0#co (Piaget: “Psicología el ni&o” 19>@) (7antoani “%l teatro, un uego 's” 19>@)
4.1. *eg% !m:#!c% 4.2. *eg% $ram
3. La" ac#-#&a&e" &ra0#ca" 5.1. La a"t%m!ma 5.2. La m<cara ; e# ma@*!##ae 5.3. E# teatr% $e títere ; mar!%"eta 5.4. Teatr% $e %mra E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
155
TEMA * 1. LA EPRESIÓN CORPORAL =T> %t%: “Iniciaci4n a la eF*resi4n cor*oral”! 19$3)!
1.1. COCEPTO S COI/ECIOED La eFre!:" c%r%ra# e *" #e"g*ae @*e e !rAe $e# c*er% c%m% me$!% ara ma"!etare ; eFreare. *%"e #a *t!#!ac!:" $e# c*er%> * get%> act!t*$e ; m%A!m!e"t% c%" *"a !"te"c!%"a#!$a$ c%m*"!cat!Aa ; reree"tat!Aa =$e a'í @*e e traae a "!Ae# c*rr!c*#ar $e"tr% $e# 3?. E" *" 1er m%me"t% e# "!&% e re#ac!%"a a traA, $e #% c%r%ra# =g*!a$% %r #a e"ac!%"e $e #acer ; $!#acer> e# rec!," "ac!$% ;a e eFrea c%r%ra#me"te> ##%ra"$%? er% %c% a %c% aarece" %tra %rma $e eFre!:"> e"tre e##a e# #e"g*ae Aera# @*e e !r< $earr%##a"$% e !"tegra"$% c%m% #a %rma $e c%m*"!cac!:" %c!a# %r eFce#e"c!a ; @*e !r< *t!t*;e"$% r%gre!Aame"te a# #e"g*ae c%r%ra#. E rec!% e" EI traaar c%"*"tame"te am% aect% eFre!A% ;a @*e e# m%me"t% eA%#*t!A% aí #% re@*!ere. 1.2.
CCTETIC : Nece"ar#aD % e trata $e *t!t*!r a #a a#ara> !"% @*e 'a; eta$% $e <"!m%> e"ac!%"eG@*e e eFrea" m<
: Ce%r!,u$aD Ka $e $e"tr% 'ac!a *era =e Ae eFter!%rme"te #% @*e e"t!m% !"ter!%rme"te?. : Glo8alD ecta a t%$% e# c*er% =!"c#*;e get%> m!ra$a> %t*raG? 1.3.
L E.C COO (O /E COUICCI S#"e0a" &e co0u%#cac#7%= E" #a c%m*"!cac!:" !"terer%"a# *t!#!am% • <!came"te 2 !tema $e !g"% *"$ame"ta#eD : La a#araD Ke'íc*#% $e #a c%m*"!cac!:" Aera#> c%m*"!cac!:" @*e e eec*ta a traA, $e !g"% #!"gít!c% ; e <!came"te $e car
: E# get%> #a %t*ra> #a ec*e"c!a $e m%A!m!e"t%D Ca"a# $e #a c%m*"!cac!:" "% Aera#. C*a"$% #a c%m*"!cac!:" e eec*ta %r Aía A!*a# ; t *t!#!a"$% e# !g"% get*a#> etam% a"te e# #e"g*ae c%r%ra#. m% !g"% %" %et% e"!#e @*e e *a" ara tra"m!t!r *"a !"%rmac!:"> *"% c%"cet% e" c%"ec*e"c!a *"c!%"a" c%m% Ae'íc*#% $e *" !g"!!ca$%. • Co&#,#cac#7% &e la e;+re"#7% cor+oral= La
$e c%$!!car e# #e"g*ae $e# c*er%. * a$re e BI/RITELL @*e> tra Aar!% a&% $e et*$!ar !#m> ##ega a #a c%"c#*!:" $e @*e "% m< $e# 35 $e# !g"!!ca$% %c!a# $e c*a#@*!er c%"Aerac!:" c%rre%"$e a #a a#ara 'a#a$a. La Q*!",!ca "% e *te"ta te:r!came"te> er% re*#ta m*; r 'acer títere> ma@*!##aeG K%; a eF#!car #a Q*!",!ca eta#ec!e"$% *" ara#e#!m% c%" #a L!"gít!caD
S JT1>
BIRDQ5ISTELL JT*> 156
COUICCI KEBL I IH - O : E : TO
COUICCI KEBL Q*!"% Q*!"ema
O
Q*!"%m%rema
*. EL GESTO ? EL MOVIMIENTO= E# get% ; e# m%A!m!e"t% %" aect% ee"c!a#e e" t%$a eFre!:" c%r%ra#. 2.1. EL ETO S U I(ETCIOE E[PEIKD L% get% %" m%A!m!e"t% !g"!!ca"te @*e !rAe" ara eFter!%r!ar #% @*e *ce$e e" e# !"ter!%r $e #a er%"a. C%" rec*e"c!a * eec*c!:" e !"c%"c!e"te> er% tam!," e *a" $e m%$% c%"c!e"te e !"te"c!%"a$ame"te. í e# get% tra"m!te a #% $em< #a %rma $e e"ar $e# !"$!A!$*% ; r%A%ca reacc!%"e e" #% %tr%. E# tratam!e"t% e$*cat!A% $e #% get% e a%;a e" #a !m!tac!:" c%m% rec*r% a# @*e e reta e# "!&% g*t%ame"te. m%$% $e eem#% c%me"tar, 2 ma"!etac!%"e eFre!Aa #!ga$a a# get%D : La m!ra$aD /e t%$a #a arte $e# c*er% @*e e em#ea" ara tra"m!t!r !"%rmac!:"> #% %% %" #% m< !m%rta"te ; *e$e" tra"m!t!r #% m< *t!#. E# !mact% $e #a m!ra$a "% r%A!e"e $e# :rga"% e" í @*e #a r%$*ce> !"% $e #a ma"era @*e "% Aa#em% a #a Ae $e #% %% ; $e# r%tr%. C*a"$% 'a#am% m!ram% a #% %% a "*etr% !"ter#%c*t%r ara $em%trar @*e e# ca"a# c%m*"!cat!A% erma"ece a!ert%> #a m!ra$a e@*!Aa ma"!!eta #a re*#a $e# $!<#%g%> ma"te"er #a m!ra$a *e#e !"$!car $ee% $e !"!c!ar *"a c%"Aerac!:"G G Mue el al'a ha0lar *uee con los oos ta'0iKn *uee 0esar con la 'iraa” =B,c@*er?. : La %t*raD E #a c#aAe "% Aera# m< $e %r!e"tac!:" re"te a re"te =r%e%r-a#*m"%> m,$!c%-ac!e"teG? % ara#e#a ="% re#ac!:" m*t*a> "e*tra#!$a$ $e e"t!m!e"t%?> %t*ra a!erta % cerra$aG e *e$e c%"eg*!r a traA, $e t,c"!ca $e a"*"c!% c%m% %erac!:" !e$ra * %erac!:" ara&a. 2.2.
EL OKIIETOD TIPO> COPOETE S POIBILI//ED La eFre!:" c%r%ra# *t!#!a #% m%A!m!e"t% ; eerc!c!% are"$!$% e" #a EFre!:" !c%m%tr! ; #e !mr!me *" car aí c%m% c%m*"!care c%" #% %tr% *t!#!a"$% c%m% #e"g*ae #% m%A!m!e"t% rea#!a$% c%" * r%!% c*er%.
T#+o"= L% m%A!m!e"t% $e# c*er% '*ma"% e re$*ce" a 2 gra"$e categ%ríaD
:
ec<"!c% =e rea#!a" c%m% ! e tratae $e mater!a?
:
K!ta#e =$ee"$e" $e #a r%!e$a$e $e# !tema "erA!%%?. 157
Co0+o%e%e" ,u%&a0e%ale" :
Oet% =#% @*e e m*eAe?
:
Eac!% ; e"t!$% =e" @*, $!recc!:"?
:
I"te"!$a$ =c%" @*, e"ergía?
:
/*rac!:" =$*ra"te c*<"t% t!em%?
Po"#8#l#&a&e" &e 0o-#0#e%o D I"c#!"ac!:"> %tac!:" % Tra#ac!:". . LA EPRESIÓN CORPORAL COMO A?UDA EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD ? AUTONOM4A PERSONAL 3.1. POCEO EKOLUTIKO /E COTUCCID P%$em% rec%r$ar $e# #%@*e I $e# temar!% c%m% e# "!&% e eFrea $e$e @*e "ace c%" m%A!m!e"t% c%r%ra#e> 1N !"A%#*"tar!% gr*e% =reacc!%"e c!rc*#are r!mar!a? % !"% =g%re%> a#*ce%?. : :* a'o"= Aa"a e" * a*t%"%mía =a ae $e e"a;%> ac!ert% ; err%re e" e# #a"am!e"t% ; rec%g!$a $e %et%? ; e" e# $ec*r!m!e"t% $e * !$e"t!$a$ =%"r!e"$% a #% $em<> $ec*r!e"$% * %ca> ma"%...? : *: a'o"= e r%#%"ga e# $ec*r!m!e"t% $e * ;%> a"te e# ee%> $e * !$e"t!$a$ eF*a#> a #a ar @*e Aa a$@*!r!e"$% a*t%"%mía e" #a $!ere"te act!A!$a$e c%t!$!a"a =a#!me"tare> Aet!re> '!g!e"e> *eg%G? La c%"tr*cc!:" $e #a r%!a !$e"t!$a$ e e# re*#ta$% $e #a c%"t!"*a !"teracc!:" @*e ma"t!e"e" #% "!&% c%" e# me$!% ; c%" #a er%"a @*e #e r%$ea". traA, $e ea !"teracc!:"> #% "!&% $eer<" !r c%"!g*ra"$% * r%!a !mage"> c%m% !"$!A!$*% c%" caracterít!ca ; act!t*$e r%!a> $!ere"te a #% $em<. E# r%gre!A% c%"tr%# $e# m%A!m!e"t% erm!t!r< a #% "!&% a$@*!r!r ma;%r a*t%"%mía í!ca e !r am#!a"$% #a %!!#!$a$e $e !"terAe"c!:" e" e# me$!% @*e #e r%$ea. 3.2.
TTIETO /E L E.C. E EL CUCULOD C%me"tar!% $e *"a e!:" $e E.C 'ec'a e" c#ae.
2. EL UEGO SIMBÓLICO ? EL UEGO DRAM@TICO =P!agetD P!c%#%gía $e# "!&% 1975? =a"t%Aa"! E# teatr%> *" *eg% m< 1975? 4.1.
UEO IBLICOD E e# *eg% %r a"t%"%ma!a. arece a#re$e$%r $e #% 2 a&%> c*a"$% e# "!&% e caa $e eA%car *" %et% % e":me"% a*e"te ; *e$e reree"tar %r ím%#% ; *t!t*!r #a acc!:" rea# %r #a !mag!"ar!a =I"te#!ge"c!a !m:#!ca $e P!aget?. E# !"tr*me"t% <!c% ara #a rea#!ac!:" e * r%!% c*er%> a*"@*e *t!#!a %et% @*e tra"%rma e" #% @*e ,# $eea. U" m!m% %et% *e$e !m%#!ar $!t!"ta c%a =ar%Vr*e$a> a#%Vea$a?. Tam!," ,# *e$e !"terretar $!t!"t% er%"ae> c%m% #a ma$re> e# a$re> *" a"!ma#GE# *eg% $e !m!tac!:" e a)" %re. e trata $e 'acer c%m% í> !m!ta * r%!a acc!%"e c%t!$!a"a> #*eg% e# *eg% e c%"A!erte e" *eg% $e !mag!"ac!:" #a !cc!:" ; #a %erAac!:" e a#ter"a" c%"ta"teme"te. traA, $e# *eg% !m:#!c% e# "!&% eF#%ra ; c%"%ce #a %!!#!$a$e $e #% %et% ; $e * c*er% a traA, $e #a acc!:". # er *"a act!A!$a$ #!re ; e%"t<"ea> e# "!&% eFrea * "ece!$a$e> m!e$%> a"taíaG e e"t%"ce c*a"$% e# *eg% !m:#!c% *"c!%"a c%m% meca"!m% $e reg*#ac!:" em%c!%"a#> ;a @*e e" ete *eg% e# "!&% *e$e $%m!"ar * m!e$% =e c%"A!erte e" *" g*errer% !"Ae"c!#eG?. % 158
"ece!ta #a !"terAe"c!:" $e# a$*#t%> a*"@*e ,te $ee %erAar#a ara a;*$ar a ca"a#!ar #% $ec*r!m!e"t%> "ece!$a$eG@*e e eFrea". Tam!," $ee r%Aeer a #% "!&% $e eac!%> mater!a#eG@*e a;*$e" a #a rea#!ac!:" $e et% *eg%. E c%"Ae"!e"te re#eF!%"ar c%" #% "!&% a# term!"ar #a act!A!$a$ %re #% @*e e 'a 'ec'%. < tar$e> e# "!&% em!ea a *gar c%" %tr% "!&%> a*"@*e "% e !"terea %r e# *eg% $e #% $em<> !"% %r e# *;% r%!% =*eg% ara#e#%?. Em!ea a *gar a er c%m%. 4.2. UEO /ZTICOD /earr%##% $e *"a ec*e"c!a $e acc!%"e reree"ta$a a traA, $e #a acc!:". E" #a reree"tac!:" !"terA!e"e" e#eme"t% ta#e c%m% #% c%r%ra#e> #!"gít!c%> #<t!c%G La $ramat!ac!:" e *" e":me"% $e eFre!:" c%m#e% er% m*; e"r!@*ece$%r. T!e"e * !"!c!% e" e# *eg% !m:#!c%> ara aar %ter!%rme"te a reg!re %r *"a reg#a ; c%" e# c%"e"% $e t%$% #% @*e !"terAe"ga". •
Ele0e%o" &el ue$o &ra0#co= Per%"ae> eac!%> t!em% ; arg*me"t% %
tema. •
Recur"o" e;+re"#-o" &e la &ra0a#6ac#7%= et*a# % c%r%ra#D Baa$% e" #a e%"ta"e!$a$ $e m%A!m!e"t% $e# "!&%> a traA, $e #% c*a#e e %t!e"e #a c%"c!e"c!a $e# r%!% c*er%. L!"gít!c%D Baa$% e" e# #e"g*ae Aera# a traA, $e #a a#ara> t%"a#!$a$> m%$*#ac!:" $e #a A%G@*e r%!c!ar<" e# $earr%##% $e# #e"g*ae. P#<t!c%D P*e$e" %rmar arte $e# c*er% =Aet*ar!%> ma@*!##aeG? % e"c%"trare *era $e ,# =$ec%ra$%> #*G?. e r%c*rar< @*e e# "!&% e#a%re #% e#eme"t%> #% @*e ac!#!ta e# $earr%##% et,t!c% ; creat!A%. ítm!c%-m*!ca#D La !"c%r%rac!:" $e %"!$% rítm!c% rea#!a$% c%" e# c*er%> *t!#!ac!:" $e e"c!##% !"tr*me"t% ; #a !"tr%$*cc!:" $e !ea m*!ca#e a%rta" gra" *era eFre!Aa a #a $ramat!ac!:".
•
El &e"arrollo &e la &ra0a#6ac#7%= #a '%ra $e %"er e" marc'a *"a
$ramat!ac!:" c%"A!e"e eg*!r #a !g*!e"te a*taD 1. Te"er e" c*e"ta #a caracterít!ca $e #% "!&% a @*!e"e Aa $!r!g!$a ="!Ae# $e ate"c!:"> $e #e"g*ae> c%"tr%# c%r%ra#> gra$% $e %c!a#!ac!:"G?> ara e#ecc!%"ar *" teFt% a$ec*a$% a #a e$a$ e !"teree. 2. a#ar c%" #% "!&% %re e# arg*me"t%> #% er%"aeG ara @*e %ter!%rme"te e#!a" e# er%"ae @*e @*!era" reree"tar. 3. e $eterm!"a #a *!cac!:" $e# eac!%> #% rec*r% eFre!A% =ta"t% Aera#e c%m% #<t!c%? ; m*!ca#e. 4. Para c%"c#*!r e# e$*ca$%r $ee !"terAe"!r a m%$% $e #a"!!ca$%r> %rga"!a$%r ; c%"$*ct%r e" #% m%me"t% @*e ea rec!%. 159
3. LAS ACTIVIDADES DRAM@TICASD Eta act!A!$a$e> e" %ca!%"e %r * c%m#e!$a$> "% *e$e" er rea#!a$a $!rectame"te %r #% "!&%> er% !rAe" c%m% rec*r% e$*cat!A% a# e$*ca$%r ;a @*e re*#ta" m*; atract!A% ; $e rec%"%c!$% !"ter,. /e"tr% $e #a act!A!$a$e $ram a$em< $e #% A!t% a"ter!%rme"te> c%" #a !g*!e"teD 5.1. L PTOID %$% $e eFre!:" @*e *t!#!a )"!came"te> c%m% Ae'íc*#%> e# get% c%r%ra#. traA, $e# c*er%> e# m!m% ma"!!eta * em%c!%"e> e"t!m!e"t%G!" erA!re $e #a a#ara. E# c*er% e A!Ae c%m% g#%a#!$a$ ; #% %% t!e"e" *"a e"%rme *era eFre!Aa. 5.2.
L ZC S EL QUILLED La m<cara a;*$a a $e!"'!!re a #% "!&% m< tím!$% ; @*e "% e atreAe" a reree"tar. Perm!te !"terretar gra" Aar!e$a$ $e er%"ae. P*e$e" er rea#!a$a %r #% "!&%. E# ma@*!##ae t!e"e *"a *"c!:" !m!#ar> ; e# c%#%r *t!#!a$% *e$e ace"t*ar #a caracterít!ca ; r%%rc!%"ar ma;%r *era eFre!Aa a #% er%"ae.
5.3. EL TETO /E TTEE S IOETD T,c"!ca @*e *a *" m*&ec% c%m% me$!% $e reree"tac!:". E# #*gar $%"$e e $earr%##a #a '!t%r!a e ##ama g*!&%#. e *e$e art!r $e *" c*e"t% % '!t%r!a c%"%c!$a.
: La 0ar#o%ea e *" m*&ec% m%A!$% %r '!#%. * *% e c%m#e% %r@*e !m#!ca gra" caac!$a$ $e c%%r$!"ac!:"> %r e##% e c%m#!ca$% ara "!&%. : E# !ere e *" m*&ec% @*e e m*eAe $!rectame"te c%" #a ma"%> =*% m< ar%!a$% ara "!&%?. P*e$e" er títere $e g*a"te> $e$%> eeGE "ecear!% are"$er a m%Aer#% c%rrectame"te =m!e"tra 'a#a"?. 5.4. TETO /E OBD C%"!te e" #a ma"!*#ac!:" $e !#*eta $e %et% *et% $etr< $e *"a a"ta##a ; %re #a @*e e r%;ecta *" %c% $e #*. La !#*eta #a *e$e %rmar e# r%!% c*er%> *" m*&ec%> %et% $e cart:" % a#amre> #a ma"% =%mra c'!"eca?G La a"ta##a er< $e tama&% a$ec*a$% a# %et%. E# %c% $e #* e *e$e c%"eg*!r c%" *" r%;ect%r> #!"ter"a % #
160
TEMA *3 1. For0ac#7% &e ca+ac#&a&e" que ,a-orece% el &e"arrollo &el +e%"a0#e%o l7$#co:0ae0#co (“%l *ensa'iento 'ate'tico en el ni&o”! 19$$)! 1.1. T!% $e e"am!e"t%. 1.2. (%rmac!:" ; eA%#*c!:" $e caac!$a$e re#ac!%"a$a c%" e# $earr%##% #:g!c%matem
2.1. ec*r% $!$
E+!lo$o - C!ta #ega#e - B!#!%graía
161
TEMA *3 1. FORMACIÓN DE CAPACIDADES
1.1. TIPO /E PEIETOD P!aget me"c!%": 2 t!% $e e"am!e"t%D - Pe"am!e"t% ,!"#coD E e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e #% %et% $e #a rea#!$a$ eFter"a. La r%!e$a$e $e #a rea#!$a$ eFter"a *e$e" c%"%cere me$!a"te #a %erAac!:" =c%#%r> e%G?. - Pe"am!e"t% l7$#co:0ae0#coD C%"!te e" c%%r$!"ar #a re#ac!%"e. Pree"tam% a #% "!&% 2 !c'a $e $!t!"t% c%#%re ; e $a" c*e"ta. La $!ere"c!a e *"a re#ac!:" crea$a me"ta#me"te %r e# *et%. 1.2.
(OCI S EKOLUCI /E CPCI//E ELCIO/ CO EL /EOLLO LICO-TEZTICO A. Relac#o%a&a" co% la a&qu#"#c#7% &e lo" a"+eco" cual#a#-o" &e la real#&a& D E# "!&% are"$er< r%gre!Aame"te aD
I$e"t!!car atr!*t%D E# "!&% !$e"t!!ca #a c*a#!$a$e $e #% %et% =c%#%r> tama&%G? a traA, $e * acc!:" %re e##%. E *"$ame"ta# $!%"er $e mater!a# Aar!a$% ara @*e #% atr!*t% "% @*e$e" #!ga$% a *"a %#a eFer!e"c!a. E# "!&% $ee c%mr%ar @*e *" %et% %ee Aar!% atr!*t% ; @*e *" atr!*t% *e$e reer!re a Aar!% %et%. I$e"t!!ca 1N #% m< c%"cret% ; #*eg% #% m< atract%.
ea#!ar c#a!!cac!%"e ; er!ac!%"e o CLI(ICCID I"tr*me"t% !"te#ect*a# @*e erm!te %r$e"ar #% %et% eg)" * $!ere"c!a ; emea"a ;> %r ta"t%> rec%"%cer#% c%m% !m!#are a*"@*e "% t%$a * r%!e$a$e ea" !$,"t!ca. 1N? E# "!&% a)" "% e caa $e a#!car *" cr!ter!% )"!c% ara %rga"!ar #% e#eme"t% e" c%#ecc!%"e =%rga"!a #% @*e t!e"e"> a# me"%> 2 r%!e$a$e e" c%m)"?. 2N? La c%#ecc!%"e *e$e" etar $eterm!"a$a %r *" )"!c% cr!ter!%> a*"@*e c%"t!")a" ce"tr<"$%e e" #a !m!#!t*$e ; "% %erAa" #a $!ere"c!a. 3? E# "!&% ;a *e$e eta#ecer $!ere"c!a e"tre #% e#eme"t% $e ca$a c%#ecc!:"> #% @*e erm!te #a aar!c!:" $e *-c%#ecc!%"e. o
EICID Perm!te re*"!r #% e#eme"t% a art!r $e * $!ere"c!a. ! c%"tr*!m% *"a ec*e"c!a c%" $!t!"t% e#eme"t% e" #a @*e Aa;a cam!a"$% *" atr!*t% eg)" *"a #e; $a$a 'a#am% $e er!ac!%"e. E# "!&% $e EI e 162
!"caa $e %r$e"ar *"a er!e $e 3-4 e#eme"t% a# m!m% t!em%. :#% rea#!a %r$e"ac!%"e arc!a#e !" ##egar a %r$e"ar t%$% #% e#eme"t% @*e e #e %rece".
B.
Relac#o%a&a" co% la a&qu#"#c#7% &e lo" a"+eco" cua%#a#-o" &e la real#&a& C*a"t!!ca$%re <!c%D La "%c!%"e m< e#eme"ta#eD t%$%-"a$a> %c%m*c'%G aarece" c*a"$% 'a; *"a eA!$e"c!a %r c%"trate ercet!A%> ; #e erm!te" eta#ecer 2 categ%ría %*eta. Per% c*a"$% eF!te #a "ece!$a$ $e c%marar 2 gr*% $e %c% % $e m*c'%> e rec!% a#!car "%c!%"e m< rec!a @*e !m#!ca" ;a *"a c*a"t!!cac!:"D m< @*e> ta"t% c%m%G.
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E# c%"cet% $e ")mer%D Etaa e" #a a$@*!!c!:" $e# c%"cet% $e ")mer%D 2 f - 4 a&% 1? ec!ta$% $e ec*e"c!a "*m,r!ca 2? /earr%##% $e# r!"c!!% *"%-a-*"%D Im#!ca $e!g"ar c%rrectame"te *"a a#ara "*m,r!ca a ca$a *"% $e #% e#eme"t% %et% $e rec*e"t%. 3? #!cac!:" $e# r!"c!!% $e atracc!:"D /!cer"!r #% c%"*"t% @*e %" c%"ta#e $e #% @*e "% #% %". 4? /earr%##% $e# r!"c!!% car$!"a#D E# )#t!m% t,rm!"% %te"!$% a# c%"tar t%$% #% e#eme"t% e e# @*e !"$!ca e# car$!"a# $e #a c%#ecc!:".
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4-6 a&% 5? eree"tac!:" gr<!ca $e #% ")mer% 6? C%marac!:" "*m,r!ca $e c%"*"t% ="% ma;%re $e 10?D E# "!&% 'ace r!mer% *" rec*e"t% $e #% e#eme"t% $e ca$a *"%> ara eta#ecer * reect!A% car$!"a#e ; c%marar#%. 7? C%"c#*!:" $e# "!Ae# $e ca$e"a c%" r%t*raD /earr%##% $e $etrea c%m% rec!tar *"a ec*e"c!a "*m,r!ca $e$e *" "N $!t!"t% a 1 ; me"%r @*e 10> rec*e"t% $e a 'ata ; A!ceAeraG 8? C%m%!c!:" ; $ec%m%!c!:" $e ")mer%D I"!c!ac!:" a #a *ma ; reta a "!Ae# m*; r!mar!%.
163
La me$!$aD C%marac!:" $e 2 ca"t!$a$e $e *"a m!ma mag"!t*$ e" #a @*e *"a $e e##a e t%ma c%m% *"!$a$.
- NuK i'*lica a niel cognitio: aer a$@*!r!$% #a "%c!:" $e c%"erAac!:" $e #a ca"t!$a$. a; @*e $!t!"g*!r a@*e##% @*e Aaría =%rma> A%#*me"G? $e #% !"Aar!a#e =me$!$a?. - Cules son las o*eraciones e 'eia Mue el ni&o *uee a*rener: La a"t!c!ac!:"> re$!cc!:"> et!mac!:" $e #a me$!$a> rea#!ac!:" $e #a c%marac!:" ; c%mr%ac!:" $e #a et!mac!:". - NuK nociones 0sicas *uee el ni&o a*rener: L%"g!t*$ =#arg%-c%rt%> $e#ga$%gr*e%> a"c'%-etrec'%?> K%#*me" =gra"$e-e@*e&%-me$!a"%?> Caac!$a$ =##e"%-Aací%? ; Pe% =ea$%-#!ger%?.
C.
Relac#o%a&a" co% la or$a%#6ac#7% &el e"+ac#o / la $eo0er!a
E# eac!% c%r%ra# ; eFtrac%r%ra#D Para %r!e"tare e" e# eac!% e "ecear!% %r!e"tare e" e# r%!% c*er%> e"c%"tr<"$%e #% *"t% $e %r!e"tac!:" e" reere"c!a a #a 3 $!me"!%"eD arr!a-aa%> $e#a"te$etr< ; a *" #a$%-a %tr% $e# c*er%. E# "!&% $ee $ecr!!r * %!c!:" e" e# eac!% e" re#ac!:" a %et% ; A!ceAera> ; rec%"%cer e" * $e#aam!e"t% #a $!recc!%"a#!$a$.
E# eac!% ge%m,tr!c%D E# "!&% a$@*!ere #a 1 "%c!%"e ge%m,tr!ca e%"t<"eame"te a art!r $e# c%"%c!m!e"t% $e# eac!% c%r%ra# ; "%c!%"e $e %r!e"tac!:" *a$a ara eF#%rar e# eac!%. La "%c!%"e $e r%"tera-reg!:"> !"ter!%r-eFter!%rG e a$@*!ere" !"t*!t!Aame"te. L% "!&% e" EI aí#a" !g*ra !m#eD círc*#%> c*a$ra$% ; tr!<"g*#%> a%c!a"$% * "%mre ; $ec*r!,"$%#a e" #% %et% c%t!$!a"%.
Eta$!% í!c% $e #% %et% - C%"cec!:" Et $*r%-#a"$%> #arg%-c%rt%> a#t%-a%> ea$%-#!ger%> gra"$e-me$!a"%-e@*e&%> gr*e%-$e#ga$%> <er%-*aAeG - C%"cec!:" /!" rí%-ca#!e"te> m%a$%-ec%> e"ter%-me$!%> a#egre-tr!te> ##e"%-Aací%> !g*a#-$!ere"te> m<-me"%G - ect% (%rma# ='ace reere"c!a a #a %rma $e #% %et%?D Círc*#%> c*a$ra$%> rect<"g*#%> tr!<"g*#%> a!ert%-cerra$%> rect%-c*rA%> e!ra#> %"$*#a$%G
ESPACIO Pr!"c!!% %rga"!a$%r DI: DI: LO: FO: TA /!ta"c!aD Le%-cerca
C%"cet% eac!a#e ; tem%ra#e
TIEMPO VE: DU: SU: SI Ke#%c!$a$D <!$%M#e"t%> \ r<!$%M#e"t% 164
/!recc!:"D ac!a arr!aMaa%> $e#a"teM$etr<>
/*rac!:"D *c'%M%c%> m*; #arg%> m*c'%
$c'aM!$a> $e"tr%M*era
t!em%
L%ca#!ac!:"D rr!aMaa%> $e#a"teM$etr<>
*ce!:"D "te-$e*,-$*ra"te> 1N 2N 3N
$c'aM!$a> $e"tr%M*era
!m*#ta"e!$a$D #a Ae> t%$% *"t%
(%rmaD Círc*#%> c*a$ra$%> rect<"g*#%> tr!<"g*#%> r%m%> e!ra# Tama&%D Pe@*e&%-gra"$e-me$!a"%
CUEPOMOBETO \ EPCIO \ TIEPO V COPEI LOBL
*. RECURSOS ? ACTIVIDADES ADECUADAS A LA ETAPA DE EI (I! Sanín “Currículo e %I # su *rctica en el aula”)
2.1.
ECUO /I/ZCTICO P L E- /E LO COTEI/O LICOTEZTICO √ R#%co%e" / allere"D E" e# a*#a *e$e" creare eac!% eec!a#me"te ar%!a$% ara traaar et% c%"te"!$%D !"c:" $e #a t!e"$a =me$!$a $e# e%> rec*e"t%> c#a!!cac!%"e> %r$e"ac!%"e> er!ac!%"eG?> !"c:" $e c%"tr*cc!:" ="%c!%"e re#ac!%"a$a c%" #a %rga"!ac!:"> !$e"t!!cac!:" $e atr!*t%G?> !"c:" $e# are"er% =me$!$a $e caac!$a$?> Ta##er $e matem
El ue$oD ec*r% $!$
√
Lo" 0aer#ale"= E# mater!a# $ee er Aar!a$% ;a @*e "% c%"A!e"e #!gar #a a$@*!!c!:" $e *" c%"cet% a *" %#% mater!a#> !"% *ar t%$% e# @*e et, a "*etr% a#ca"ce ara ac!#!tar e# a% a #a atracc!:". ater!a# "% etr*ct*ra$%D ater!a# c%t!$!a"%> "% eecí!c%> er% c%" m*c'a %!!#!$a$e ara e# are"$!ae. E a$ec*a$% e" e# c%"tact% !"!c!a# c%" #a "%c!%"e #:g!c%-matem '%a> ar%> c*er$a $e c%#%re> $!"er% rea# % !m*#a$%> ag*a> are"a> #at!#!"a> '!t%r!a e" A!&eta ara %r$e"arG
ater!a# etr*ct*ra$%D EF!te gra" Aar!e$a$> ca$a *"% $e e##% $!e&a$% ara aA%recer #a a$@*!!c!:" $e $eterm!"a$% c%"cet% =a*"@*e #a ma;%ría %" m*#t!*%?. (ac!#!ta" #% r%ce% $e atracc!:" B#%@*e #:g!c%D 48 !ea $e ma$era % #<t!c% $e %rma> tama&% ; gr%%r =Jt!#e ara traaar #a "%c!:" $e c%"*"t%> !$e"t!!cac!:" $e r%!e$a$e> act!A!$a$e $e er!ac!:"> %r$e"ac!:" ; c#a!!cac!:"?.
eg#eta C*!e"a!reD C%"*"t% $e reg#eta $e ma$era $e 10 tama&% ; c%#%re $!ere"te. Ca$a reg#eta e@*!Aa#e a *" "N $eterm!"a$% =Jt!#e ara 165
traaar e# c%"cet% $e ")mer%> e# !tema $e "*merac!:"> #% c%"cet% $e $%#e-m!ta$> #a !"!c!ac!:" a# c<#c*#%?.
√
Zac%D U"% $e #% m< a"t!g*%. Ca$a Aar!##a reree"ta *"!$a$e> $ece"aG La %#a $e ca$a Aar!##a *e$e" er $e $!ere"te c%#%r ; $ee" er ma"!*#a#e =!rAe ara #a !"!c!ac!:" a #a *ma ; reta?.
*eg% $e ")mer%D La ma;%ría %" $e
eca"%D C%"%c!$% *eg% $e c%"tr*cc!:" @*e c%"ta $e t!ra met<#!ca a#arga$a ; c%" ag*er% e@*!$!ta"te. La t!ra %" $e $!ere"te tama&% ; e *"e" c%" t*erca ; t%r"!##% @*e erm!te" a#argar * #%"g!t*$ ; %rmar #í"ea a!erta-cerra$a> recta-@*era$aG =I"terea"te rec*r% ara #a $!$
!metríaD *eg% %rma$% %r !g*ra !m,tr!ca $%"$e e# ee $e !metría et< erectame"te $!ere"c!a$% ara @*e e# "!&% *e$a c%mr%ar #a c%!"c!$e"c!a $e# tama&% ; %rma $e #a 2 arte a# *er%"er#a =Jt!# ara #a a$@*!!c!:" $e# c%"cet% $e !metría ; rec%"%c!m!e"t% $e !g*ra ge%m,tr!ca $e #a @*e "% #% %"?.
Ka% gra$*a$%D ec!!e"te *a$% ara me$!r #a caac!$a$ $e #% %et%> ge"era#me"te %ee" *"a eca#a "*m,r!ca e" *" #a$% =Jt!# ara !"!c!ar a# a#*m"% e" #% c%"cet% $e A%#*me" ; caac!$a$?.
Otr%D caa $e /ecr%#;> a#a"a> t<"gram> ge%#a"%> er!e $e %"te%r!> #eg#%G
Proce�#e%o" &e o8"er-ac#7% e;+er#0e%ac#7% / e-ocac#7%= (*"$ame"ta#e ara e# are"$!ae $e c%"%c!m!e"t% #:g!c%-matem erm!t!e"$% agr*ar % earar #% e#eme"t% eg)" * ,ta> ;e"$% $e$e e# c%"trate ercet!A% 'ata #a atracc!:" ; ge"era#!ac!:". EFer!me"tac!:" $!recta % !"$!rectaD E# c%"%c!m!e"t% #:g!c%-matem tam!," e *e$e" *ar !t*ac!%"e !"$!recta =ree"ta$a e" !m
EA%cac!:"D Perm!te a# "!&% eFrear e# r%ce% eg*!$% ; e# re*#ta$% %te"!$%> a# maetr% #e erm!te %erAar e# "!Ae# $e a$@*!!c!:" $e #a "%c!%"e> #a re#ac!%"e> #a %erac!%"e.
2.2.
CTIKI//E 166
•
Or#e%ac#o%e" &#&c#ca" / ac#-#&a&e" a+ro+#a&a" +ara la E:A &e co%e%#&o" l7$#co:0ae0#co" e#ac!%"a$a c%" #% aect% c*a#!tat!A% $e #a rea#!$a$ =%erac!%"e #:g!ca?D L% c%"te"!$% *"$ame"ta#e $e eta c%#%rG? ; #*eg% e aí#a ca$a *"% $e #% atr!*t% ; e !$e"t!!ca" %tr% %et% c%" #a m!ma c*a#!$a$.
Ac#-#&a& 1= *gar a c%#%car
et!@*eta $%"$e aareca *" $!*% @*e !"$!@*e e# atr!*t% eg)" e# c*a# e 'a" agr*a$% *" c%"*"t% $e e#eme"t%.
Ac#-#&a& *= Ke%-Ae%> /e #a aa"a
'a Ae"!$% *" arc% carga$% $e %et%G - C#a!!cac!%"e ; er!ac!%"eD La gra$*ac!:" $e #a $!!c*#ta$ e *e$e !"tr%$*c!r c%" e# mater!a# =%recer ca$a Ae m< e#eme"t% ara c#a!!car> %recer *" !tema $e c#a!!cac!:" m< am#!%G?.
Ac#-#&a& 1= C#a!!cac!:" e" %#a tra"are"te $e %et% c%" #a m!ma r%!e$a$e.
Ac#-#&a& *= ea#!am% *"a !#a me$!a"te *"a er!ac!:" ate"$!e"$% a c*a#!$a$e $e "*etra r%a.
e#ac!%"a$a c%" #% aect% c*a"t!tat!A% $e #a rea#!$a$ =%erac!%"e ar!tm,t!ca?D ct!A!$a$e ar%!a$a ara #a a$@*!!c!:" $e #% c*a"t!!ca$%re <!c%> c%"cet% $e ")mer% ; $e %erac!%"e $e me$!$a.
- C*a"t!!ca$%re <!c%D E" r!"c!!% e ree"ta" gr*% $e ca"t!$a$e m*; $!ere"te> ara a;*$ar a# eta#ec!m!e"t% $e #a 1 "%c!%"e> re$*c!e"$% r%gre!Aame"te #a $!ere"c!a e"tre e##%.
Ac#-#&a&
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$!ere"c!a c*a"t!tat!Aa e"tre 2 gr*% $e e#eme"t%. # r!"c!!% #a $!ere"c!a er<" ercet!#e ; e trata $e @*e e# "!&% :#% %erAe #a $!ere"c!a ; %r$e"e #% e#eme"t% art!e"$% $e# @*e t!e"e me"%. Pr%gre!Aame"te e a*me"tar< e# "N $e gr*% a %r$e"ar % e $!m!"*!r< #a $!ere"c!a $e ca"t!$a$.
167
Ac#-#&a& *= E" e# a*#a *e$e"
te"ere rec!!e"te $%"$e g*ar$ar mater!a# $e *% rec*e"te c#a!!ca$% %r #a ca"t!$a$. í #% "!&% ca$a Ae @*e "ece!te" *"a c!erta ca"t!$a$ ae" $%"$e *car#%. - I"!c!ac!:" a #a me$!$aD /ee" !"tr%$*c!re #a "%c!%"e <!ca e" %rma $e c%"trate ercet!A%> %rec!e"$% 2 ca"t!$a$e $e *"a m!ma Aar!a#e.
Ac#-#&a& 1= TraAae $e #í@*!$%>
r%%rc!%"a"$% e"Aae $e $!t!"ta a#t*ra ; gr%%reG
Ac#-#&a&
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Ac#-#&a&e"= /e#aare ; arare>
rec%gere ; $!erare e" e# eac!%> c%rrer e" Aar!a $!recc!%"e> eg*!r e&a#e ara %r!e"tare> %rga"!ar !t!"erar!%> m%"tar ; $em%"tar %et%> *#eG - ct!A!$a$e $e ge%metríaD ct!A!$a$e ara traaar #a ar%F!mac!:" a #a !g*ra ge%m,tr!ca e !"tr%$*c!r * caracterít!ca> art!e"$% $e %et% c%t!$!a"%.
Ac#-#&a&
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%et% c%" %rma $!ere"c!a$a c#arame"te =ar%> %ta#eG? ; $ec*r!r * emea"a ; $!ere"c!a.
Ac#-#&a& *= L% "!&% c%"tr*;e"
e##% m!m% #a !g*ra ge%m,tr!ca c%" #at!#!"a> meca"%> t!ra $e #<t!c%G
168
I/ICE
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Pa% a eg*!r e" e# eFame" --------------------------------- Pg. 111
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C!ta #ega#e --------------------------------------------------- Pg. 112
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B!#!%graía ---------------------------------------------------- Pg. 112
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(rae #a!$ar!a ----------------------------------------------- Pg. 112
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Pr!"c!!% $e !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa ----------------------- Pg. 113
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r<!c% A<#!$% ara t%$% #% tema ------------------------ Pg. 116
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I"tr*me"t% e$ag:g!c% ; c*rr!c*#are ------------------ Pg. 117
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EAa#*ac!:" ----------------------------------------------------- Pg. 119
169
Pa"o" a "e$u#r +ara el e;a0e% &el e0ar#o 1N? P%rta$a 2N? *!:" 3N? De"arrollo &el e0a =ec%r$ar cam!ar $e !"tr%$*c!r *" gr<!c% 4N? C!ta #ega#e 5N? B!#!%graía
Al er0#%ar el e;a0e% I. II.
Re aar e# g*!:" Pag!"ar 170
III.
Su ra;ar
IK.
Com#etar e# tema ! e %!#e
=^? /I V Q*e #a LOE c%"tem#a e" * artíc*#% 1N ; @*e #a LOE =ar%a$a e" e# c%"gre% e# 6 $e ar!# ; e" A!g%r $e$e ma;% $e ete a&%? A*e#Ae a rec%ger e" e# artíc*#% 2.1.a CITAS LEGALES Pa% a c%"t!"*ac!:" a $eta##ar #a c!ta #ega#e e" #a @*e me 'e a%;a$% ara e# $earr%##% $e# tema> %r$e"a$a $e me"%r a ma;%r ra"g%. •
La %r$e" $e# 04-07-2001 @*e e" * art.2 'a#a $e #a reg*#ac!:" $e #a ate"c!:" a# a#*m"a$% c%" "ece!$a$e $e c%me"ac!:" e$*cat!Aa.
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E# /ecret% 19M92 %re e# /CB $e EI e" #a C.Ka#e"c!a"a
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E# ea# /ecret% 1330M91 %re e# /CB $e EI a "!Ae# "ac!%"a#.
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La LOE $e# 03-10-90 @*e trata $e #a %rga"!ac!:" $e# !tema e$*cat!A%.
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La C%"t!t*c!:" $e $!c!emre $e 1978 e" * art.27 @*e 'a#a $e# $erec'% a #a e$*cac!:" $e t%$% #% c!*$a$a"%> ; e" * art.49 @*e 'a#a $e #a "%-$!cr!m!"ac!:".
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/U/ e" #% r!"c!!% 2> 6 ; 7
BIBLIOGRAF4A 171
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.L.LLEOD E$*cac!:" !"a"t!#. LIBE. L. 1998
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OLL>BD La ec*e#a !"a"t!# $e 0 a 6 a&%. S. /I/. 1988
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SO>D P!c%#%gía e" #a ec*e#a !"a"t!#. S. /I/. 1987
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PIETD P!c%#%gía $e# "!&%. OT. /I/. 1975
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OTEIETD P!c%#%gía !"a"t!#. OT. /I/. 1993
FRASES LAPIDARIAS • % !$am% era a# era# e" #%r =P!aget? •
La !"te#!ge"c!a aa %r #a ma"% =Ra##%"?
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E"e&a"$%> e are"$e =,"eca?
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*; %c% ac!erta" a"te $e errar =,"eca?
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L% @*e e e"am%ra" $e #a r @*e "*"ca %$r<" aer a$%"$e Aa" =Le%"ar$% $a K!"c!?
PIE TEOR4A Para gara"t!ar t%$a "*etra !"terAe"c!:" e$*cat!Aa $eem% art!r $e c!ert% r!"c!!% !c%e$ag:g!c%> @*e aarece" e" e# / 1334M91 ; a #% @*e e a#*$e e" e# / 19M92. Ta#e r!"c!!% @*e gara"t!a" "*etra e!cac!a $!$
PICIPIO /EL IKEL /E /EOLLO /EL IHO 172
/eem% te"er e" c*e"ta e# "!Ae# $e $earr%##% a #a '%ra $e r%gramar "*etra act!A!$a$e. Para e##% eg*!rem% #a %rm*#ac!%"e $e K!g%tY;.
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PICIPIO /EL IKEL COITIKO /EL IHO @*e P!aget etr*ct*ra %r etaa ; @*e c%!"c!$e c%" e# er!%$% re%erat%r!% ; $e %erac!%"e c%"creta e" e# ca% $e "*etr% a#*m"% $e EI ; c*;% c%"%c!m!e"t% reA!% %" #a ae $e# are"$!ae !g"!!cat!A%.
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PICIPIO /E /OSLE Para e"e&ar 'a; @*e !r !emre $e #% e"c!##% a #% c%m#e% ; $e #% c%"cret% a #% atract%.
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PICIPIO /E PE/E PE/E. /eem% r%%rc!%"ar a# "!&% t,c"!ca> !"tr*me"t%Gara @*e *e$a re%#Aer #% r%#ema %r ,# m!m% ; e"c%"trar !"%rmac!:" ara re%#Aer !t*ac!%"e "*eAa =%me"tar #a a*t%"%mía?.
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PICIPIO /E OTIKCI LJ/IC =*eg%? !g*!e"$% e# trata$% /U/ =art.7? ; LOE> e# "!&% $ee are"$er *ga"$%. 173
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PICIPIO /E LOBLIWCI Part!e"$% $e *" ce"tr% $e !"ter,> a%r$arem% t%$a #a
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PICIPIO /E ITEKECI ETO-LUO /E PIEO Ete r!"c!!% eF%"e @*e> e" *" r!mer m%me"t%> e e# r%e%r @*!e" *e#e e"e&ar t%$%> @*!e" t%ma $ec!!%"e> r%%"e act!A!$a$eG> er% r%gre!Aame"te e Aa $ea"$% e# r%tag%"!m% a# "!&%. ata @*e r%e%r ; a#*m"% e 'a" c%"Aert!$% e" c% r%tag%"!ta.
T%ma $e $ec!!%"e
E# maetr% #% e"e&a t%$%> r%%"e #a a*ta $e act*ac!:"> #% rec*r% "ecear!%> c%"te"!$% ; *t!#!$a$e $e #% eerc!c!%G
/ec!!%"e $e# a#*m"%
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CO-POTOIO
/ec!!%"e $e# maetr% E# a#*m"% rea#!a #a act!A!$a$e @*e e #e r%%"e" ; rec%ge r%*eta.
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Ce$e c%mete"c!a a #% a#*m"%> re#eg<"$%e a *" 2N #a"% ; $ea"$% a% r%gre!Aame"te a #a !m#!cac!:" $e# a#*m"%.
T!em%
PR@CTICA Para gara"t!ar #a a#!cac!:" $!$ $eem% %"er#% e" r %r@*e ete #a"team!e"t% te:r!c% :#% t!e"e e"t!$% ! %m% caace $e $em%trar $ía a $ía> e!:" a e!:" @*e "*etra acc!:" e$*cat!Aa e caa $e 'acer @*e #% a#*m"%G • a$a me%r ara e"te"$er #a a#!cac!:" $!$
t,c"!ca met%$%#:g!ca @*e 'e eg*!$% ete a&%D c%m% #a $e e!ge#*t'> %t%"G E" eect%> e" #a e!:" $e #a ca!ta m 'ac!a c%m% ! *,ram% aA!%"e> g!ga"te> a#!ca"$% e# r!"c!!% $e act!A!$a$ $e g#%a#!ac!:"> @*e 'e c%me"ta$% a"te> %r@*e $e# %r eem#%> a#ía" a#!cac!%"e ara e# 2 ; 3 =$!ere"c!ar $!*ar#%G? 174
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E" eect%> #% *eg% @*e 'acíam% c%m% e# $e #a Aar!ta m #a %rreaG!emre artíam% $e *"a act!A!$a$ e"%r!a# % m%tr!> c%m% a<am% #a ca!ta c%" e# c%"e% @*e tra% *a" ara a$!A!"ar a traA, $e #% e"t!$%D +E #a"$%+T!e"e %rea #arga Ca#!e"te ca#!e"te c%m% e# ag*a $e #a *e"te % (rí% rí% c%m% e# ag*a $e# rí% =L%rca?.
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Eem#!!carG
GR@FICO V@LIDO PARA TODOS LOS TEMAS E# !g*!e"te gr<!c% me !rAe ara eF#!car e# car $e# 2 =e$!% í!c% ; %c!a#?> $e# 3 =C%m*"!cac!:" ; reree"tac!:"? ; $e #% Tema tra"Aera#e =TT? t%$% e##% re#ac!%"a$% c%" e# tema [> a# c*a# acce$em% grac!a a #a 2 )"!ca Aía %!#e e" EI> #a %erAac!:" ; #a eFer!me"tac!:" =OE a m!ta$ $e# r%m%?.
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INSTRUMENTOS PEDAGÓGICOS ? CURRICULARES PEC N Ó I C A C I L P E S E U <
E *" $%c*me"t% @*e !a #a r!%r!$a$e> %et!A% ; r%ce$!m!e"t% $e act*ac!:" $e *" ce"tr%> a art!r $e# a"<#!! $e #% a#*m"% ; $e #a caracterít!ca $e# e"t%r"% ec%#ar.
PCC /%c*me"t% @*e rec%ge e# c%"*"t% $e $ec!!%"e %r arte $e #% $%ce"te ara a$atar e# /CB a# ce"tr%. ! e" e# ce"tr% :#% eF!te *"a etaa> c%!"c!$e" Pr%;ect% c*rr!c*#ar $e etaa ; $e ce"tr%.
PGA C%"*"t% $e act*ac!%"e $ere"$!$a $e #a $ec!!%"e a$%ta$a e" e# PEC ; PCC e" c%"*"t% $*ra"te *" c*r% aca$,m!c%.
176
S S O E T R N O E T C M E E L R I E D
(!"e e !"te"c!%"e e$*cat!Aa. e&a $e !$e"t!$a$ ; %c!%"e e$*cat!Aa <!ca @*e a$%ta" ara #a act*ac!%"e r%m%A!$a e" e# ce"tr%.
OCOE. Oet!A% ge"era#e $e etaa> c%"te"!$%> cr!ter!% $e eAa#*ac!:" $e ca$a t%$% e##% marc% $e reere"c!a ara #a acc!:" c%"creta e" e# a*#a.
C%"t!e"e e# $%c*me"t% e" íD PEC act*a#!a$%> PCC> act!A!$a$e eFtraec%#are> '%rar!%> c*r% r%e%ra$%> ca#e"$ar!% $e re*"!%"e ; em%r!a "*a# I"%rma$a =%rmat% e" @*e e !$e c*e"ta> graa$% c%" $%c*me"t% $e a$re e" *"!%?.
S E D A D I L A N I F
e&a $e !$e"t!$a$ ; %c!%"e e$*cat!Aa <!ca @*e a$%ta" ara #a act*ac!%"e r%m%A!$a e" e# ce"tr% =Pr%grama #!"gít!c%?. S e" * ca% #% cr!ter!% <!c% @*e 'a" $e %r!e"tar #a %rga"!ac!:" $e# ce"tr% =I? ; #a art!c!ac!:" $e #% $!ere"te etame"t%.
ara"t!a #a r%gre!:" ; c%'ere"c!a $e #a e"e&a"a.
Or!e"tar ; ac#arar #a $!"
C*a"$% e crea *" ce"tr%> % O T : D #% @*e e crea" a art!r $e# E N S A 92 =LOE?. E L C B H E A I D R N A Ó V D
C*a"$% e crea *" ce"tr%> % #% @*e e crea" a art!r $e# 92 =LOE?.
e e#a%ra e" e# ce"tr%> e"tre et!emre-Oct*re> e tar$a ar%F!ma$ame"te *" me e" rea#!ar#a ; !emre e a r!"c!!% $e c*r%. E a"*a#.
L% e#a%ra" #% e@*!% $%ce"te> #% ar*ea e# c#a*tr%> c%#a%ra #a COCOPE ; #% *erA!a #a !"ecc!:" e$*cat!Aa.
La c%"ecc!%"a e# e@*!% $%ce"te> e# c#a*tr%. La ar*ea e# C%"e% ec%#ar. La *erA!a #a !"ecc!:" e$*cat!Aa.
N Ó I C A R O B A L E N Ó I C A B O R P A N Ó I S I V R E P U S
La r%*eta et< re$acta$a %r e# e@*!% $!rect!A%> c%" #a $!rectr!ce $e# C%"e% ec%#ar ; C#a*tr%. * ar%ac!:" ; eAa#*ac!:" c%rre%"$e a# C%"e% ec%#ar ; #a *erA!!:" a #a !"ecc!:" e$*cat!Aa.
177
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PA= Pr%gramac!:" $e a*#a. P#a"!!cac!:" ; $earr%##% $e# r%ce% $e e"e&a"aare"$!ae reer!$% a# gr*% $e a#*m"% eecí!c% ara *" c*r% % c!c#% $eterm!"a$%. C%"!g*ra #a *"!$a$e $!$ ec*e"c!a#e e" r%gramac!%"e c%rta =%r tr!metre> mee> @*!"ce"a> ema"a> e!%"eG?. Prete"$eD /!tr!*!r c%"te"!$% ara ca$a c!c#% e$*cat!A%. P#a"!!car ; tem%ra#!ar act!A!$a$e ; eAa#*ac!%"e. /earr%##ar #a "ecear!a a$atac!%"e c*rr!c*#are. La r%gramac!%"e $e
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DCB= /!e&% C*rr!c*#ar Bae. C%"*"t% $e *#!cac!%"e =ara etaa $e I"a"t!#> Pr!mar!a ; ec*"$ar!a? @*e e# EC e"A!: a #% ce"tr% ara $!*"$!r #a !#%%ía ; r!"c!!% $e #a e%rma E$*cat!Aa ; #% e#eme"t% <!c% $e# c*rríc*#% $e ca$a etaa. art!r $e eta *#!cac!%"e ; $e# $eate r%m%A!$% %r #a $m!"!trac!:" E$*cat!Aa e c%"!g*r: e# C*rríc*#% Precr!t!A% * %!c!a#. =C%"cet% eFtraí$% $e# /. 233M97 $e# 02 $e et!emre O(. rt 87-94?
LA EVALUACIÓN
178
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E-aluac#7%= I"tr*me"t% e$ag:g!c% @*e me erm!te Aa#%rar e# gra$% $e c%"ec*c!:" $e #% %et!A% $!e&a$% e" m! r%gramac!:".
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Proce"o &e e%"e'a%6a =$%ce"te? PCC= +C:m% et< Aa#%ra$% +C:m% et< $!e&a$% e# OCOE +CI PA= +C:m% 'e marca$% t%$% e# OCOE +%" eFactame"te #% a$ec*a$% +% aam% % "% ##egam% +*#a !e" *!ca$a ; $!tr!*!$a Orga"!ac!:" a*#a ; t!em%. I"teracc!%"e. PR@CTICA DOCENTE= +S% c%"tact% c%" m! a#*m"% +, tra"m!t!r +Te"g% ematía +/%m!"% #% c%"%c!m!e"t% Proce"o &e a+re%ae= C%"ec*c!:" $e %et!A% %r arte
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ge"te eAa#*a$%re
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I%#c#al =/!ag":t!ca?D !-$eM !-c%. C%"teFt% %c!%c*#t*ra#. %t!Aac!:" • Cu%&o e-alXa %et!A%.
Proce"ual =(%rmat!AaMC%"t!"*a?D T%$% e# r%ce%> e# $ía a $ía> F#%al =*mat!AaM#%a#?D +Q*, 'a" are"$!$% $e*, $e
aar %r mí
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E-aluar +roce"o"= /ía a $ía> $!" Aar!ar> e#!m!"ar> a*me"tar c%"te"!$% =*!c!% $e Aa#%rM t%ma $e $ec!!%"e?. - SI:FOR:DE:DE:DE =It*ac!:" $e art!$a> (Om*#ar #a r%gramac!:". /Etectar /E!c!e"c!a e" e# /Earr%##% $e #a r%gramac!:"?. - RE:CO:VA:RE =E%rmar#a> CC"%cer re*#ta$%> K#%rar#%> E%rm*#ar#%> re%rar#%?.
T9c%#ca" Reco$#&a &e &ao"= OerAac!:"> e"treA!ta % r*ea-c*et!%"ar!%.
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C70o e-aluar e$*ca$%r c%me$%rG
A%l#"#" &e &ao" Tr!a"g*#ac!:"D ec%g!$a #a !"%rmac!:"> Ae% $e $:"$e A!e"eD - (*e"teD a$re> mía> - Eac!%D a*#a> at!%> c%me$%rG "<#!! $e c%"te"!$%
I%"ru0e%o"
Docu0e%o" o,#c#ale" -(!c'a er%"a# $e# a#*m"% =$at%
m,$!c%M!c%#:g!c%? -eg!tr% $e ec%#ar!$a$ -I"%rme a"*a# -I"%rme !"a# $e EAa#*ac!:"
I%"ru0e%o" &el 0ae"ro -Eca#a $e et!mac!:" -L!ta $e c%"tr%# -/!ar!% $e c#ae -r<!c% 180
