Low Vis

WINTER OPERATIONS LOW VISIBILITY TAKEOFF LOW VISIBILITY LANDING ABNORMAL CAT II/III APPROACHES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2. LOW VISIBILITY TAKEOFF ............................................................................................................... 1 2.1.1 Takeoff minima determination .................................................................................. 1 2.1.2 LVTO multiple RVR requirement ................................................................................ 2 2.1.3 LVTO at 125m RVR requirement ................................................................................ 2 2.1.4 TO ALTERNATE 2.1.5 LOW VISIBILITY TAKE OFF PROCEDURE 3. LOW VISIBILITY LANDING .............................................................................................................. 3 3.1 Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.1 DH (DECISCION HEIGHT) 3.1.2 AH (ALERT HEIGHT) 3.1.3 Approach Ban 3.2 Landing minima CAT II/III ..................................... FOUT! BLADWIJZER NIET GEDEFINIEERD. 3.3 Procedure for CAT II/III on the A319 .................................................................................. 6 3.3.1 Crew task sharing ....................................................................................................... 6 3.3.2 Visual references required .......................... FOUT! BLADWIJZER NIET GEDEFINIEERD. 3.3.3 CAT II/III PROCEDURE with DH.................................................................................... 7 3.3.4 CAT III PROCEDURE NO DH ........................................................................................ 8 3.3.5 Flight parameters deviation calls .............................................................................. 9 3.4 Abnormal during CAT II/III approaches ............................................................................ 9 3.4.1 Required aircraft equipment for CAT II and III ......................................................... 9 3.4.2 Type of failures .......................................................................................................... 10 3.4.3 Response to failures .................................................................................................. 10

1.0 GENERAL LVTO with RVR below 150 m for category B-C aircraft and CAT 2/3 approaches are subject to prior authorization from the applicable State. (NOTAMS) (Those minima cannot be applied on all runway’s ! They require the concerned runway to be equipped for this type of operations.)

Flight crew must be qualified to perform LVTO, CAT II and CAT III operations.

2.0 LOW VISIBILITY TAKEOFF Below 400m RVR, LVTO applies . Airport can go earlier in LVP !

2.1.1 TAKEOFF MINIMA DETERMINATION Check State Minima in NOTAMS Basically, Jeppesen is applicable (normally 10.9) Under local authority approval, the 150m published minima can be reduced to 125 m if authorized in the State minima. Company allows minimum 125 m

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2.1.2 LVTO MULTIPLE RVR REQUIREMENT

RVR > 200 m RVR < 200 m RVR < 150 M

: TDZ : TDZ + MID : TDZ + MID + ROLL OUT

If missing, the Commander may assess the TDZ RVR if authorized by local authorities. 2.1.3 LVTO AT 125 M RVR REQUIREMENT The following items are required to perform a LVTO at 125 m : HIRL (spacing<=60m) CL (spacing<= 15m) Multiple RVR required (all above 125 m) Low visibility must be in force Visual segment of 90 m – at least 4 TDZ lights - Look for other lights and check spacing in Jep/ATC Remarks A CATII/III runway is equipped for low visibility takeoff. (10 -9) A none CATII/III runway may be equipped for low visibility takeoff (for example: ZRH 28). • • • • •

•

2.1.4

TAKEOFF ALTERNATE

When a return is not possible due to Wx or Perfo reasons : check cold WX OPS * 2.1.5 LOW VISIBILITY TAKEOFF PROCEDURE

Below 400m RVR, LVTO applies • • • •

CPT Takeoff thrust RWY FO

does TO TOGA use full length. scans inside & “steer left , steer right “ if yaw bar aviable.

Condiderations • • •

Consider not using the landing lights and the use of strobe lights in AUTO. Recommended to use a runway with an ILS. (green yaw bar on PFD during takeoff). CM 1 : Check 90m minimum visual segment after line-up.


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3.0 LOW VISIBILITY LANDING 3.1 DEFINITIONS CAT II AND CAT III (JAA)

CAT II CAT III A CAT III B

DH RVR DH RVR DH RVR

Below 200ft but not less then 100ft Not less then 300m Below 100ft but not less then 50ft if failed passive Not less then 200m No DH or DH below 50ft Below 200m but not less then 75m

3.1.1 DECISION HEIGHT (DH) HEIGHT ABOVE RUNWAY ELEVATION AT WHICH A GA MUST BE PERFORMED IF NOT ENOUGH VISUAL REFERENCE HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED TO CONTINUE THE APPROACH AND LAND SAFELY.

REQUIRED VISUAL REFERENCE AT DH CAT II and CAT III A: min 3 light segments of CAT III B: min 1 CL .

Approach lights or Centerline lights or TDZ lights RL.

Considerations In CAT III with DH, the condition required to continue the approach at DH is that the visual references confirm that the A/C is over the touchdown zone. Below DH and before touchdown, if the visual references become insufficient, a GA must be initiated. After touchdown, a GA should not be attempted, if the visual references become insufficient. The rollout should be continued with AP in ROLLOUT mode down to taxi speed.

3.1.2 ALERT HEIGHT (AH) HEIGHT ABOVE THE RUNWAY, BASED ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRPLANE AND ITS FAILOPERATIONAL AUTOMATIC LANDING SYSTEM ABOVE WHICH A CAT III APPROACH WOULD BE DISCONTINUED AND A GA INITIATED IF A FAILURE OCCURS IN ONE OF THE REDUNDANT PARTS


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OF THE AUTOLAND SYSTEM, OR IN THE RELEVANT GROUND EQUIPMENT. In CAT III NO DH, the decision to continue the approach does not depend on visual references even though a minimum RVR is specified. At Alert Height (AH), the decision to continue the approach depends only on the operational status of the aircraft and ground equipment. FOR THE A319, AH=100FT FAIL-PASSIVE AUTOMATIC LANDING SYSTEM An automatic landing system is fail passive if, in the event of a failure, there is no significant out-of-trim condition or deviation of flight path or attitude but the landing is not completed automatically. The pilot assumes control of the aircraft after a failure. On the A319, the fail-passive capability is announced by the display of CAT 3 SINGLE on the PFD. FAILED OPERATIONAL LANDING SYSTEM

An automatic landing system is fail-operational if, in the event of a failure below alert height, the approach, the flare and landing can be completed by the remaining part of the automatic system. In the event of a failure, the automatic landing system will operate as a fail-passive system. On the A319, the fail-operational capability is announced by the display of CAT 3 DUAL on the PFD. 3.1.3 APPROACH BAN CONCEPT An instrument approach may be commenced regardless of the reported RVR/visibility but do not continue beyond OM or 1000’ AGL if RVR/visibility is less then the applicibale minima. If Wx was ok at OM/1000 ‘ AGL but worsens later on continue to MDA(DA) and then perform a GA.


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3.2 LANDING MINIMA CAT II AND CAT III QRH: OPS DATA AIRPORT MINIMA • • •

Minima published on airport and approach charts. CAT II or CAT III procedures must be approved on the intended used runway. Following table gives the airport requirements in function of approach type in case of ground equipment failure. CAT II

CAT III A

TDZ RVR

May be replaced by MID

MID RVR

May be missing

ROLL OUT RVR

May be missing

STBY ILS

J A A

CAT III B

ALS INNER LENGTH ALS STBY POWER

RQRD 420 m

210 m if DH > 50 ft, else NONE

RQRD

RWY Lights Day RWY Lights Night RWY Lights STBY PWR

RQRD RQRD As for RWY LIGHTS

TDZ lights CENTERLINE Lights CENTERLINE Lights spacing

RQRD RQRD 30 m

15 m

Note: Multiple failures of lights are not acceptable. Combination in runway lights and RVR equipment failures is not allowed.


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OPERATIONAL MINIMA OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

CAT I

CAT II

CAT III A

CAT III B

CAT III B

Lowest RVR possible for States Minimas

800 m or VIS 550 m

300 m

200 m

75 m

75 m

Lowest DH possible for States Minimas

200 ft

100 ft

50 ft

20 ft

NO DH

A/P

-

1

1

2

2

A/T

-

-

1

1

1

Aircraft status required

-

At least CAT 2

At least CAT 3 SINGLE

CAT 3 DUAL

CAT 3 DUAL

TDZ RVR Report

!

Airport and State minima

MID RVR Report

JAA : ! 75 m if reported & relevant (see note)

ROLL OUT RVR Report

JAA : ! 75 m if reported & relevant (see note)

Field lenght

JAR landing distance + 300 m

Braking action

At least ! medium " (! .3)

Max HWC

30 kt

Max CWC

20 kt

Max TWC

10 kt

Note Relevant : if that part of the runway is used during the high speed phase of the landing down to a speed of approximately 60 knots.

3.3 PROCEDURE FOR CAT II/III ON THE A319

3.3.1 CREW TASK SHARING Company Policy During CAT II and CAT III approach, the CM1 is the PF and CM2 is the PNF. The main task of the CM1 is supervising and decision making. The main task of CM2 is monitoring the operation of the automatic system.


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3.3.2 CAT II/III PROCEDURE WITH DH PRIOR TO OR DURING DESCENT Call-outs - CAT II/III with DH ALTITUDE

CM 1

CM 2

OM

CHECKED

OM ALT ……..FT

1000 ft AAL

CHECKED

1000 (1)

350 ft RA

LAND

CHECKED

DH + 100 ft

CHECKED

100 ABOVE (1)

MINIMUM (1) DH / LAND CONTINUE 30 ft RA

FLARE ( “NO FLAIRE “)

10 ft RA AUTO CALL OUT «RETARD»

Retard THRUST LEVERS to idle

At touchdown

Select reverse thrust Select Idle reverse thrust

At end of roll out

Monitor engine parameters ROLL OUT SPOILERS REV GREEN DECEL 70 kt

Disengage AP <60Kt

MINIMUM (1) DH / GO AROUND GO AROUND-FLAPS FLAPS….. POSITIVE CLIMB GEAR UP (1) Monitor auto call out if available.


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3.3.3 CAT III PROCEDURE NO DH = AH PRIOR TO OR DURING DESCENT Check / Set “NO DH” box on MCDU “PERF APPR” page. AT AH (100 FT RA) AND BELOW No visual references required to assess aircraft position and continue the approach. Go around only for Red AUTOLAND Warning.

CALL-OUTS CAT III NO DH ALTITUDE

CM 1

CM 2

OM

CHECKED

OM ALT ……..FT

1000 ft AAL

CHECKED

1000 (1)

350 ft RA

LAND GREEN

CHECKED

100 ft (AH)

LANDING

Monitor AUTO CALL OUT 100

30 ft RA

FLARE/NO FLARE

10 ft RA AUTO CALL OUT «RETARD»

Retard THRUST LEVERS to idle

At touchdown

Select reverse thrust Select Idle reverse thrust

At end of roll out

Monitor engine parameters ROLL OUT GROUND SPOILERS REV GREEN DECEL 70 kt

Disengage AP <60Kt

GO AROUND GO AROUND GO AROUND-FLAPS FLAPS ….. POSITIVE CLIMB GEAR UP (1) Monitor auto call out if available.


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FLIGHT PARAMETERS DEVIATION CALLS PARAMETERS

IF DEVIATION EXCEEDS

CALL REQUIRED

IAS

+ 10kt - 5kt

SPEED

RATE OF DESCENT

> 1000ft/min

SINK RATE

PITCH ATTITUDE

10° nose up / – 2,5 nose down°

PITCH

BANK ANGLE

7°

BANK

LOCALIZER

EXCESS DEV

1/4 DOT (PFD)

LOCALIZER

GLIDE SLOPE

WARNING

1 DOT (PFD)

GLIDESLOPE

Those calls are normally performed by the CM2. However, any crewmember that sees a deviation outside the above limits should make the appropriate call. If any of these limits are exceeded approaching DH, a GA should be considered. 3.4

ABNORMAL DURING CAT II/III APPROACHES

. 3.4.1 REQUIRED AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT FOR CAT II AND III Refer to QRH/OPS DATA Required equipment for CAT II and CAT III. AIRCRAFT REQUIREMENTS AP / FD F M G S

M O N I T O R E D

CAT 2

1 AP ENGAGED AUTOTHURST 0 FMA 1 A / THR CAUTION 0 Electrical Power Supply Split 0 FAC 1 ELAC 1 YAW DAMPER / RUDDER TRIM 1/1 PFD DU’s 2 FWC 1 BSCU Channel 1 (a) Antiskid 1 (a) Nosewheel Steering 1 (a) RADIO ALTIMETER 1 (displayed on both sides) ILS Receiver 2

CAT 3 SINGLE 1 AP ENGAGED 1 2 1 0 1 1 1/1 2 1 1 (a) 1 (a) 1 (a)


CAT 3 DUAL 2 AP ENGAGED 1 2 1 1 2 2 2/2 2 2 1 1 1

2

2

2

2

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Beam Excessive Deviation ATTITUDE indication (PFD1/PFD2) ADR / IR

1 for CM2

2

2

2

2

2

2/2

2/2

3/3

2

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

C AP disconnect pb R “AP OFF” ECAM warning E “AUTOLAND” Light W Rudder Travel Limit system M O N I T O R E D

1 for autoland in Xwind > 12 kt

Windshield heat

1 for CM1

Windshield wiper or rain repellent

1 for CM1

ND DU’s Auto call out function

1

2

2

0 (b)

1

1

1

1

1

Standby Horizon DH indication

1 for CM2

(a) For automatic rollout, one is required. For autoland without automatic rollout, none is required. (b) One is required for autoland. Note: With one engine inoperative, by design of the electrical system, the Electrical Power Supply Split will not be available and the A/C will be limited to CAT 3 SINGLE status. 3.4.2 TYPE OF FAILURES There are 2 types of failures •

•

Failures leading to a downgrading of capability as displayed on FMA and ECAM with the associated specific audio warning (triple click).Those failures are so called “monitored by FMGS”. Failures that do not trigger a downgrading of capability but are signaled by other effects (flag, ECAM caution, audio warning). Those failures are so called “not monitored by FMGS”

3.4.3 RESPONSE TO FAILURES • • • • •

Warnings For ILS approach. Failure and associated actions Failure and associated actions Failure and associated actions Failure and associated actions

above 1000 ft for CAT II or CAT III. below 1000 ft during a CAT II approach. below 1000 ft during a CAT III approach with DH. below 1000 ft during a CAT III approach without DH.

There are 3 possible responses to a failure during the approach. 1. 2. 3.

Continue the approach to planned minima. Revert to higher minima and proceed to a new DH (above 1000 ft). Go-around and reassess the capability.


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It is considered that below 1000 ft AGL, not enough time is available for the crew to perform the necessary switching, to check system configuration and limitations and brief for minima. Therefore, 1000 ft is a key-point altitude in the procedure. In CAT III DUAL, in general, a single failure below AH does not necessitate a go-around but a go-around is required if the autoland warning (red) is triggered. DOWNGRADING FROM CAT 3 DUAL TO CAT 3 SINGLE ABOVE 1000 FT Downgrading from CAT 3 DUAL to CAT 3 SINGLE above 1000 ft is permitted if: ECAM actions completed. RVR at least equal to CAT 3-A minima. Briefing amended to include CAT 3 SINGLE procedure with DH. Decision to downgrade is completed above 1000 ft. • • • •

DOWNGRADING FROM CAT 3 TO CAT 2 ABOVE 1000 FT Downgrading from CAT 3 to CAT 2 above 1000 ft is permitted if: ECAM actions completed. RVR at least equal to CAT 2 minima. Briefing amended to include CAT 2 procedure and DH. Decision to downgrade is completed above 1000 ft. • • • •

DOWNGRADING FROM CAT 2 TO CAT 1 ABOVE 1000 FT Downgrading from CAT 2 to CAT 1 above 1000 ft is permitted if: ECAM actions completed. At least one flight director is available. RVR at least equal to CAT 1 minima. Briefing amended to include CAT 1 procedure and DH. Decision to downgrade is completed above 1000 ft. • • • • •

GA BELOW 1000 FT AND ABOVE DH (AH) Below 1000 ft AGL and above DH (for CAT 2 or CAT 3 SINGLE) or above AH (for CAT 3 DUAL), a GA must be performed in case of: • • • • •

ALPHA FLOOR activation. Loss of AP (cavalry charge). Downgrading of capability (triple click). Amber caution(single chime). Engine failure.

AT 350 FT RA LAND must be displayed on FMA and runway course must be checked. If RWY course is incorrect or LAND does not appear, a go-around must be performed.


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AT DH AND BELOW - VIS AT AH AND BELOW- Autoland RED -GA AT FLARE HEIGHT If FLARE does not come up on FMA, by 30 ft, a go-around must be performed. If visual references are sufficient and a manual landing possible, the CM1 may decide to land manually. AFTER TOUCHDOWN In case of anti-skid or nose wheel steering failure, disconnect AP and take manual control. If automatic rollout is not satisfactory, disconnect the AP immediately.


Low Vis

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