CAPÍ TULO 17
Sentido de la vida humana «Ayudo a los demás, lo que para mí constituye el sentido de la vida». (Marai)
Ha5 a(#1*a/ ,.!#1*0a/ "1*a)!*0a(!/ -1! !( $+)b.! ! 0++/ (+/ 0%!),+/ /! $a ,(a*0a+ K2a(! (a ,!*a 2%2%. K0%!*! /!*0%+ (a 2%a K,+/ K,+/!! !! !( $+)b.! 1* !/0% !/0%*+ *+ E/0a/ *+ /+* ,.!#1*0a ,.!#1*0a// /+b.! (+ -1! !( $+)b.! !b! $ac!. /%*+ /+b.! (+ -1! !( $+)b.! !/ J16#a. -1! (a 2%a 2a(! + *+ 2a(! (a ,!*a ! /!. 2%2%a !/ c+*0!/0a. a (a c1!/0%;* "1*a)!*0a( ! (a ?(+/+"9a ]^ J16#+ ,1!/ -1! !( /!* 0%+ ! (a 2%a !/ (a c1!/0%;* )7/ 1.#!*0! !c9a A(b!.0 Ca)1/ E( $+)b.! /! %*0!..+#a /+b.! !( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a ,+.-1! ! a(#1*a "+.)a (a 0.a/c%!*! 0.a/c% !*! 5 (a /1,!.a S;(+ 1* /!. c+)+ !( $+)b.! -1! /! /1,!.a %*?*%0a)!*0! a /9 )%/)+ ,1!! c1!/0%+*a./! a /9 )%/)+ 5 Libertad
¿Por qué vivir?
Duda
¿Quién soy? ¿A dónde voy? Estupor
¿Qué es el amor? Conciencia
¿Qué sentido tiene el sufrimiento?
236
EXPLÍCAME LA PERSONA
a. !/,ac%+ a (a 0!*!*c%a )7/ .a%ca( -1! 8( 0%!*! (a 2+(1*0a ! /!*0%+ -1! *+ !/ )7/ -1! (a 0!*!*c%a $1)a*a a 1*a !4%/0!*c%a ((!*a ! /!*0%+ V F.a*'(Z
Cuando hay un porqué vivir, se soporta cualquier cómo.
1. «Tener sentido» y «dar sentido» a la vida humana La c1!/0%;* !( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a $1)a*a %),(%ca +/ a/,!c0+/ P.%)!.+ /% 0%!*! 1* "!$ #'. !/ !c%. /% 0%!*! 1*a ca'%a eficie&e /% !/ %*0!(%#%b(!B !/ (a c1!/0%;* .!/,!c0+ a /1 2!.a S!#1*+ /% 0%!*! 1* "a$a #'. 1*a ca'%a fial B !/ !c%. /% 0%!*! 1* "%* /% .! ,.!/!*0a 1* 2a(+. -1! %*0!.,!(a (a .!/,+*/ab%(%aB !/ (a c1!/0%;* .!/,!c0+ a (a (%b!.0a S!*0%+ ! (a 2%a -1%!.! !c%. ,+. 0a*0+ i< &eligibilidad 5 $e%"!%abilidad %*/!,a.ab(!)!*0! 1*%+/ Tee$ %e&id! -1%!.! !c%. -1! (a 2%a ((!2a !* /9 !/0.1c01.a/ -1! (a $ac!* %*0!(%#%b(! Da$ %e&id! a (a 2%a -1%!.! !c%. c+),.+)!0!. ! $!c$+ (a (%b!.0a !* !( c1),(%)%!*0+ ! (a 0a.!a c+*"%#1.aa !* (a/ !/0.1c01.a/ -1! "1*a* /1 %*0!(%#%b%(%a 5 /1 2a(+. Tee$ %e< &id! !/ ,+. 0a*0+ a*0!.%+. a( da$ %e&id! ,+.-1! "1*a (a/ c+*% c%+*!/ *!c!/a.%a/ ,a.a -1! !( $+)b.! ,1!a c+),.+)!0!./! .!/ ,+*/ab(!)!*0! !/ !c%. c+* 1*a (%b!.0a "1*aa !* (a 2!.a Tener sentido la vida
• Si es inteligible • Si tiene un porqué
• Inteligencia (verdad)
LA CUESTIÓN DEL SENTIDO DE LA VIDA Dar sentido a la vida
• Si es un valor (humano/cristiano)
• Libertad (responsabilidad)
C. 17 Sentido de la vida humana
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a. «Tener sentido» o la inteligibilidad de la vida La c1!/0%;* ! &ee$ %e&id! !/ %*0.9*/!ca a (a/ !/0.1c01.a/ ! (a 2%a $1)a*a -1! !/ %*0!(%#%b(! !/ !c%. &iee /!*0%+ J1(%7* Ma.9a/ (+ ,+*! !* !2%!*c%a La 2%a $1)a*a !/ /%!),.! %*0!(%#%b(!B c+*/%/0! ,.!c%/a)!*0! !* !( %e&id!9 a*0! +0.a .!a(%a c1a(-1%!.a /! %),+*! (a 1a ! /% 0%!*! a(#<* /!*0%+ + *+ ]^ (+ $1)a*+ ]^ /! 2! -1! &iee -1! 0!*!. /!*0%+ Pa.a Ga.c9a M+.!*0! (a 2%a $1)a*a !/ %/0%*0a .a%ca()!*0! ! (a acc%;* *a01.a( ,+.-1! (a 2%a $1)a*a 0%!*! /!*0%+ E*0.! (a/ !/0.1c01.a/ ! (a 2%a $1)a*a -1! c+*/0% 015!* /1 &ee$ %e&id! !*c1!*0.a 1* ,1!/0+ ,.%2%(!#%a+ (a (%b!.0a 5 (a c+*c%!*c%a (a 2%a !( $+)b.! 0%!*! /!*0%+B &1/0a)!*0! ,+.-1! !( $+)b.! !/ %*0!(%#!*0! 5 (%b.!B *!#a. !( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a /!.9a *!#a. (a %*0!(%#!*c%a 5 (a (%b!.0a !* !( $+)b.! S;(+ 1* /!. (%b.! 5 c+*/c%!*0! ! /9 0%!*! /!*0%+ S;(+ (+/ %'je&!% 5 *+ (+/ +b&!0+/ ,1! !* c1!/0%+*a. !( /!*0%+ ! (a ,.+,%a !4%/0!*c%a Tee$ %e&id! %* %ca ,+. 0a*0+ .ac%+*a(%a %*0!(%#%b%(%a 2!.a
? ¿De dónde cuelga la cadena? ¿De dónde viene el agua?
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238
EXPLÍCAME LA PERSONA
La vida humana tiene sentido porque el hombre puede ser consciente y libre; negar el sentido de la vida sería negar la capacidad de conciencia y libertad en el hombre. S%* !)ba.#+ !* (a 2%a $1)a*a $a5 +/ .!a(%a!/ -1! ,a.!c!* ,+*!. !* c.%/%/ !/0a %*0!(%#%b%(%a $a/0a !( ,1*0+ ! a,a.!c!. c+)+ c+*0.a%c0+.%a/ c+* (a 2%a )%/)a !( /1".%)%!*0+ 5 (a )1!.0! N+ /! 0.a0a a-19 ! (a !4,!.%!*c%a ! !0!.)%*aa/ ,!./+*a/ -1! *+ a(ca* 6a* a da$ %e&id! a /1 2%a !* !/0a/ /%01ac%+*!/ c+*@%c0%2a/ /%*+ !( ,.+b(!)a 0!;.%c+ -1! (+ ,.!c!! Kc;)+ ,1!! &ee$ %e&id! (a 2%a $1)a*a /% (! !/ c+*#8*%0+ !( /1".%)%!*0+ 5 !/07 !/0%*aa a (a )1!.0! E( 0!)a ! (a )1!.0! /! 0.a0a !* !( ca,901(+ w~ Ha#+ a-19 1*a b.!2! .!@!4%;* La m%e"$e ,.!/!*0a ! "+.)a .a)70%ca !( ,.+b(!)a !( /!* 0%+ ! (a 2%a ,+.-1! !* !((a /! )a*%?!/0a (a ,a.a+&a "1*a)!*0a( ! (a !4%/0!*c%a $1)a*a !* (a 2%a !/07 %),(9c%0a (a )1!.0! 5 !* (a )1!.0! (+ !/07 (a 2%a D! $!c$+ !*0!*!. -1! (a 2%a &iee ' %e< &id! /%#*%?ca ,!*/a.(a /%!),.! !* .!(ac%;* c+* (a )1!.0! KC;)+ ((a)a. a (a 2%a /! ,.!#1*0a A#1/09* 1*a 2%a )+.0a( + 1*a )1!.0! 2%0a( S% /! 2! (a )1!.0! c+)+ %)!*/%;* %*0.9*/!ca ! (a 2%a *+ ,1!! 2!./! c+)+ a(#+ -1! ((!#a /;(+ a( ?*a( ! (a 2%a /%*+ -1! !/07 ,.!/!*0! !* caa %*/0a*0! ,+.-1! (a )1!.0! )1!.! caa %*/0a*0! ! (a 2%a P+. )1c$+ -1! /!a )%/0!.%+/a .a)70%ca !/a/0.+/a 5 a,a.!*0!)!*0! a*%-1%(a+.a (a )1!.0! !/ *+ +b/0a*0! 1*a !/0.1c 01.a ! (a 2%a $1)a*a E/0+ %*2%0a ,+. (+ )!*+/ a b1/ca. !( /!*0%+ ! (a )1!.0! !* .!"!.!*c%a a( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a
¿Cómo llamar a la vida, una vida mortal o una muerte vital»? (Agustín). P+. +0.a ,a.0! /% /! 2!* b%!* (a/ c+/a/ (a !4c(1/%;* ! (a )1!.0! 5 (a c!.0!6a ! *+ )+.%. a*1(a.9a (a 2%a (! $a.9a ,!.!. c1a(-1%!. a0.ac0%2+ ! %*0!.8/ U*a 2%a %*0.a)1*a*a ,!.,!01a !&a.9a ! /!.
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2%a 2%2%.9a)+/ c+)+ )1!.0+/ KP+. -18 ac01a. $+5 /% !( 0%!),+ !/ %*!40%*#1%b(! U* 0%!),+ %*!40%*#1%b(! !/ 5a 1* 0%!),+ !40%*#1%+ E( $+)b.! )1!.! 5 -1%!.! )+.%. ,+.-1! /ab! -1! /1 ?* *+ !/ !( 0%!),+ E* ca/+ ! -1! !( $+)b.! *+ )1.%!.a !/0a.9a !*ca!*a+ a (a ,!.,!01%a 0!),+.a( S% ,+. 0a*0+ (a )1!.0! !/ 1*a !/0.1c01.a ! (a !4%/0!*c%a $1)a*a 5 (a 2%a &iee %e&id! !* .!"!.!*c%a a !((a /1.#! (a /%#1%!*0! ,.! #1*0a K!40%*#1! 0+0a()!*0! (a )1!.0! (a !4%/0!*c%a $1)a*a E/07 c(a.+ -1! *+ !/ ,+/%b(! /+/0!*!. -1! (a 2%a &iee ' %e&id! /%* (a a?.)ac%;* ! (a %*)+.0a(%a ,!./+*a( c+)+ !/0.1c01.a %*0.9*/!ca ! (a 2%a $1)a*a *+ )!*+/ c+*/0%010%2a -1! (a )%/)a )1!.0! R!/+(2!. !/0+ !/ +b&!0+ ! +0.+ ca,901(+ 2!. ca,901(+ w~ ?La m'e$&e &iee %e&id!> Z
El sufrimiento
¿Sentido o sin sentido?
El #%f"imien$o "9/%c+ + )+.a( !4%#! !* ,.%)!. (1#a. /1,!.a.(+ /1a2%6a.(+ 5 !* (a )!%a ! (+ ,+/%b(! !(%)%*a.(+ C1a*+ (a 2%a ,1!! ca)b%a./! !/ *!c!/a.%+ $ac!. 0++ (+ ,+/%b(! ,a.a ca)b%a.(a D%c$+ c(a.a)!*0!
El sufrimiento es un mal; su función pedagógico-salví�ca, en el sentido que sirve a descubrir y realizar otros valores, no lo transforma en un bien. Del mal se pueden obtener ciertamente bienes, pero el mal continúa siendo mal; no se debería hacer nunca y en la medida posible se debería evitar.
240
EXPLÍCAME LA PERSONA
D%c$+ !/0+ !( ,.+b(!)a /! ,(a*0!a !* (+/ /%#1%!*0!/ 08.)%*+/ c1a*+ !( /1".%)%!*0+ 5a *+ !/ /1,!.ab(! c+)+ !* !( ca/+ ! (a )1!.0! + ! 1* )a( %*c1.ab(! K!/ ,+/%b(! a.(! 1* /!*0%+ KC;)+ 2%2%. 1*a 2%a !* !( /1".%)%!*0+ -1! 5a *+ ,1!! !2%0a./! E( /!*0%+ !( /1".% )%!*0+ !,!*! "1*a)!*0a()!*0! ! (a ac0%01 ! (a ,!./+*a E* 1* 0!40+ )!)+.ab(! V%'0+. F.a*'( /1,!.2%2%!*0! ! (+/ ca),+/ ! c+*c!*0.ac%;* *a6% a 0!/0%)+*%+ ! 1*a !4,!.%!*c%a 0a*0+ ,!./+*a( c+)+ ,.+"!/%+*a( I*c(1/+ !* !( /1".%)%!*0+ $a5 1*a ,+/%b%(%a ! /!*0%+ Y ,a.a &1/0%?ca. 1*a a?.)ac%;* 0a* "1!.0! %c! KC+* -18 !.!c$+ *+/ a0.!2!)+/ a !c%. -1! (a 2%a *1*ca !&a ! 0!*!. 1* /!* 0%+ ,a.a 0++/ 5 caa 1*+ E/0a a?.)ac%;* /! ba/a !* !( $!c$+ ! -1! !( $+)b.! !/ ca,a6 ! 0.a*/"+.)a. !* /!.2%c%+ c1a(-1%!. /%01ac%;* -1! $1)a*a)!*0! c+*/%!.aa *+ 0%!*! *%*#1*a /a(%a D! a$9 -1! 0a) b%8* !* !( /1".%)%!*0+ /! 8 1*a ,+/%b%(%a ! /!*0%+
¿Cómo dar sentido al sufrimiento? El sufrimiento tiene sentido si tú mismo te cambias en otro». (V. Frankl)
b. «Dar sentido» o el actuar responsable La c1!/0%;* !( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a $1)a*a *+ /! a#+0a /%* !)ba.#+ !* !( &ee$ %e&id!B %),(%ca 0a)b%8* !( da$ %e&id! a/,!c0+ -1! /! .! (ac%+*a c+* (a ?*a(%a -1! %*2+(1c.a (a (%b!.0a .!/,+*/ab(! 5 a,!(a a( ca.7c0!. %*7)%c+ ! (a ,!./+*a É/0! !/ !( a/,!c0+ )7/ ,.+b(!)70%c+ 5 !( -1! /! ,+*! !* %/c1/%;* c1a*+ /! $ab(a ! (a c.%/%/ ! /!*0%+ E( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a *+ /! i(e&a /%*+ -1! /! de%c'b$e9 *+ !/ dad! /%*+ -1! !/ ec!&$ad! E/0+ /%#*%?ca -1! !( !/"1!.6+ ,!./+*a( ,a.a da$ %e&id! a (a 2%a /! "1*a /+b.! (a .!a(%a +b&!0%2a !( &ee$ %e< &id! E( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a /! !/c1b.! /+b.! (a ba/! +*0+(;#%ca ,.!2%a ! -1! (a 2%a 0%!*! 1* /!*0%+ 5 ,+/!! %*0!(%#%b%(%a L+/ 08.)%*+/ (%*#=9/0%c+/ ec!&$a$ de%c'b$i$ da$ /!*0%+ %*%ca* b%!* -1! !4%/0! 1*a .!a(%a +b&!0%2a /+b.! (a c1a( /! "1*a*B /! de%c'b$e (+ -1! !4%/0!
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/! da (+ -1! /! ,+/!! S% /! *%!#a !( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a !/ ,+.-1! *+ /! $a !*c+*0.a+ + /! 1a ! ,+!. !*c+*0.a.(+ ,!.+ *+ ,+.-1! !((a *+ 0!*#a /!*0%+ *a%! ,1!! -1!&a./! $+5 ! -1! "a(0! 1* /!*0%+ a (a 2%a F.a*'(Z E( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a (+ c+*/0.15! Ce* !(! caa ,!. /+*a $1)a*a aa /1 %*%2%1a(%a 5 +.%#%*a(%a c+)+ ,!./+*a ,!.+ *+ Ce* ihil!8 ,+.-1! !* !/0! ca/+ *+ /! da$/a /%*+ -1! /! c$ea$/a E( /!*0%+ /! a,+5a /+b.! !( /!. !( $+)b.! ,!.+ 0%!*! $ac%a (+ -1! !b! /!. !/ !c%. %),.%)! !* (a 2%a 1*a 0!*!*c%a a (a ,!."!cc%;* Dar sentido a la vida quiere decir tener la capacidad y saber distinguir
la verdad de la falsedad, el bien del mal, lo esencial de lo que no lo es, lo permanente de lo pasajero. N+ /! a /%01ac%;* a(#1*a !* (a -1! (a 2%a ,%!.a !( /!*0%+ 5 *+ !4%/0! ,!./+*a a(#1*a ,a.a (a -1! (a 2%a *+ 0!*#a /!*0%+ ,+.-1! (a 2%a /%!),.! 0%!*! /!*0%+B !( ,.+b(!)a !/07 !* -1! !/ *!c!/a.%+ 7./!(+ !/c1b.%.(+B 5 a-19 /! ,1!! "a((a. E( ca/+ )7/ ,a.a;&%c+ !/ !( /1%c%%+ -1! !/ a( )%/)+ 0%!),+ ".a ca/+ 5 c+*?.)ac%;* !( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a KP+. -18 !( /1%c%a ,+*! ?* a /1 2%a P+.-1! *+ ,1!! /+,+.0a. 1*a 2%a ca.!*0! ! /!*0%+ ,+.-1! *+ ,1!! 2%2%. !* !( 0+0a( *+/!*0%+ !* (a 0+0a( !/!/,!.a*6a C+* /1 0.7#%c+ #!/0+ !( /1%c%a ,.+c(a)a -1! /% /1 2%a *+ 0%!*! 5a *%* #<* /!*0%+ ! (ale la "ea %eg'i$ (i(ied!; S! !/c+*! a-19 1*a (;#%ca 0.!)!*a S% !* (a !/!/,!.ac%;* 5 !* (a ,!./1a/%;* ! -1! /1 2%a *+ 0%!*! 5a /!*0%+ !( /1%c%a acaba 2%+(!*0a)!*0! /1 !4%/0!*c%a 0!/0%?ca ! )++ !40.!)+ -1! /%* !/,!.a*6a ! /!*0%+ (a 2%a !/ %*/+,+.0a b(! E/07 a-19 (a )7/ !*8.#%ca ,.+0!/0a ! -1! (a 2%a !b! ab/+(10a )!*0! 0!*!. /!*0%+ *+ /! ,1!! 2%2%. !* !( ab/1.+ ! 1* 0+0a( *+ /!*0%+ P.!c%/a)!*0! !* !( ac0+ ! /1 a10+!/0.1cc%;* .!/,+*/ab(! !( /1%c%a +b.a !* (a !/,!.a*6a !-1%2+caa ,!.+ !/,!.a*6a ! $1%. !( %*/+,+.0ab(! *+/!*0%+ ! (a 2%aB ,!.+ !* !( "+*+ $1%. !( *+/!* 0%+ !/ *+/0a(#%a ! /!*0%+ La !/!/,!.ac%;* *+ !/ ,+/%b(! /%* (a !/ ,!.a*6a!/,!.a*0! -1%!* !/!/,!.a !/ ,+.-1! !/,!.a A("a.+Z
242
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V%'0+. F.a*'( $a /%+ ca,a6 ! )+/0.a. -1! )7/ a((7 !( ".!1 %a*+ !/!+ ! ,(ac!. !4%/0! !* !( $+)b.! 1*a 0!*!*c%a 0+a29a )7/ .a%ca( 5 8/0a !/ (a (!l'&ad de %e&id! !( c1%a./! ! a2!.%#1a. !( /!*0%+ a /1 !4%/0!*c%a !/ (+ -1! ca.ac0!.%6a &1/0a)!*0! a( $+)b.! !* c1a*0+ 0a( ]^ !/0+ !/ (+ )7/ $1)a*+ !* !( $+)b.! Da$ %e&id! a (a 2%a -1%!.! !c%. 2+(1*0a ! /!*0%+ -1! /%#*%?ca -1! (a 2%a $1)a*a b1/ca !( a)+. (a /+(%a.%a (a "!(%c%a
El amor es el sentido de la vida. El hombre es creado por amor y para el amor. Podrá reposar cuando haya cumplido y realizado el amor. C1a*+ *ac%/0! (+/ -1! !/0aba* a 01 (a+ /+*.!9a* ,+.-1! 0! a)aba* 5 0< ((+.aba/ V%2! 01 2%a a)a*+ ,a.a -1! !( 9a ! 01 )1!.0! 0++/ ((+.!* 5 0< /+*.9a/ Pa.a !( c.%/0%a*+ !( /1".%)%!*0+ ! C.%/0+ !/ a)+. F Ma1.%ac !* U ad!le%ce& d@a'&$ef!i% !/,18/ ! (a 2%+(ac%;* 5 !( a/!/%*a0+ ! 1*a *%:a ! +c! a:+/ %c! N+ $a5 *%*#1*a +0.a .!/,1!/0a -1! !/0! c1!.,+ !/*1+ -1! $a /%+ !( c1!.,+ !( S!:+. c1b%!.0+ ! ((a#a/ c(a2a+ a 1*a c.16 5 !( c1a( /! b1.(a* (+/ %*0!(!c01a(!/ La .!/,1!/0a (a *%:a (a ab.a6a ,a.a /%!),.! c+*0.a /1 c+.a6;* A$+.a 5 ,+. /%!),.!
Cristo no ha venido al mundo para explicar o abolir el sufrimiento, sino para asumirlo y transformarlo en instrumento de salvación: «Dios no ha venido a explicar sino a llenar» (Paul Claudel). C.%/0+ *+ $a ab+(%+ !( /1".%)%!*0+ 5 *+ $a -1!.%+ *% /%-1%!.a .!2!(a.*+/ !*0!.a)!*0! !( )%/0!.%+ (+ $a a/1)%+ /+b.! /9 )%/)+ $a ca.#a+ (a c.16 ,+. *+/+0.+/ 5 !/0+ !/ /1?c%!*0! ,a.a -1! *+/ +0.+/ c+),.!*a)+/ 0++ /1 ,.!c%+ E(%! W%!/!( !* /1 *+2!(a Nigh& $ab(a ! /1 !4,!.%!*c%a !* 1* ca),+ ! c+*c!*0.ac%;* T.!/ ,!./+*a/ "1!.+* a$+.caa/B +/ !.a*
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a1(0a/ !( 0!.c!.+ 1* *%:+ L+/ a1(0+/ !4,%.a.+* .a,%a)!*0! ,!.+ !( *%:+ ,.+(+*#; /1 a#+*9a U* ,.%/%+*!.+ ,.!#1*0; KD;*! !/07 D%+/ !* !/0! )+)!*0+ D!( "+*+ !( c+.a6;* W%!/!( !/c1c$; 1*a 2+6 -1! !c9a KD;*! !/07 D%+/ E/07 a$9 c+(#a+ ! !/+/ )a!.+/
2. La esperanza y el sentido de la vida E( /!*0%+ ! (a 2%a !/07 9*0%)a)!*0! 1*%+ a (a !/,!.a*6a C1a*0+ )7/ /! a2a*6a !* (+/ a:+/ 0a*0+ )7/ /! )%.a (a 2%a $ac%a a0.7/ S%* !)ba.#+ (a 2%a )%/)a !/ )%.a. a!(a*0! $ac%a !( "101.+ 5 ,+. 0a*0+ !/07 ca.#aa ! !/,!.a*6a
«Es justo y bello mirar al pasado, pero es necesario saber vivir el presente mirando hacia el futuro» (Tácito). E( $+)b.! !/ 1* /!. ! "101.+ ! !/,!.a*6a C1a*+ 1*+ !/07 !/c+* /+(a+ ".!c1!*0!)!*0! !/ ,+.-1! !/07 !/a*%)a+ La !/!/,!.ac%;* !/ 1* a/,!c0+ ! (a ,+b.!6a .a%ca( -1! a0!*a6a a( $+)b.! (a ,.!ca .%!a E* /1 +b.a El h!mb$e + la ge&e O.0!#a 5 Ga//!0 .!c1!.a (a !%ca0+.%a -1! Pa1( M+.a* (! !/c.%b%; !* (a b%+#.a"9a ! Ma1,a//a*0 Hac! 1*+/ c1a*0+/ a:+/ Pa1( M+.a* )! !*2%; 1* !&!),(a. ! /1 b%+#.a"9a ! Ma1,a//a*0 c+* 1*a !%ca0+.%a -1! !c9a L! !*29+ !/0a 2%a ! 1* $+)b.! #'i @e%".$ai& "a%;;;B KT!*9a .a6;* M+.a* KE/ ,+ /%b(! (%0!.a( 5 "+.)a()!*0! ,+/%b(! 1* $1)a*+ 2%2%. -1! *+ /!a 1* !/,!.a. KN+ !/ (a "1*c%;* ,.%)a.%a 5 )7/ !/!*c%a( ! (a 2%a (a !4,!c 0a0%2a 5 /1 )7/ 2%/c!.a( ;.#a*+ (a !/,!.a*6a D!/! !( ,1*0+ ! 2%/0a "!*+)!*+(;#%c+ c+*/0a0a)+/ -1! (a !/ ,!.a*6a !/ ,.+"1*a)!*0! $1)a*a 5 0+a/ (a/ ac0%2%a!/ ! *1!/ 0.a 2%a !/07* #1%aa/ ,+. (a !/,!.a*6a E( $+)b.! !/ 1* /!. ! !/ ,!.a*6a N1!/0.+/ +&+/ !/07* c+(+ca+/ !(a*0! !* !( .+/0.+ 5 *+ !0.7/ ,+. !/+ )%.a* $ac%a a!(a*0!B *1!/0.a/ )a*+/ 5 b.a6+/ /!
244
EXPLÍCAME LA PERSONA
)1!2!* $ac%a a!(a*0!B *1!/0.+/ ,%!/ !/07* +.%!*0a+/ $ac%a a!(a*0! 5 *+/ ((!2a* !* !/a %.!cc%;*B %*c(1/+ *1!/0.a 2%a 5 "+.)a b%+(;#%ca !/07 +.%!*0aa $ac%a !(a*0! $ac%a !( "101.+ N%*#1*a +b.a $1)a*a *% /%-1%!.a (a )7/ ,!-1!:a /! !),.!*! /%* !/,!.a*6a E( ca),!/%*+ /%!)b.a (a /!)%((a 5 !/,!.a -1! #!.)%*! 5 8 ".10+B (a )a.! c1%a 5 !1ca ,a.a -1! (+/ $%&+/ c.!6ca* 5 /!a* "!(%c!/B !/,!.a !( $+)b.! ! *!#+c%+/ $ac!. 1*a #.a* "+.01*aB 5 !( &+2!* !/01%a*0! 0!.)%*a. (a ca ..!.a 5 ca/a./!B !( !*"!.)+ c1.a./! !( ,+b.! !*.%-1!c!./! !( 0.%/0! c+*/+(a./! Q1%!* *+ !/,!.a *aa !/07 /!*0a+ a( )a.#!* ! (a 2%a D%c! !( ,.+2!.b%+ (a !/,!.a*6a !/ (+ <(0%)+ -1! )1!.! Y c1a*+ 8/0a /! ,%!.! 2!.a!.a)!*0! 0++ !/07 ,!.%+ C1a*+ 1* $+)b.! ((!#a a (a /%01ac%;* ! *+ !/,!.a. ! 2!.a *aaB ! (!2a*0a./! !* (a )a:a*a /%* !/,!.a. ab/+(10a)!*0! *aa !/! $+)b.! 5a *+ 2%2! 5 /! !&a )+.%. (!*0a)!*0! + ! .!,!*0! c+* !( /1%c%%+ S! !/,!.a 5 /! c+*"9a !* (+/ $+)b.!/ (a c+*?a*6a !/ ,a.0! /1b/0a*c%a( ! (a 2%a !( $+)b.! S% 5+ *+ )! "9+ ! (+/ -1! )! .+!a* /% c%.c1*+ ! a(a)b.! ! !/,%*+ )% c+.a6;* *+ $a#+ )a( /;(+ a (+/ !)7/ /%*+ -1! )! $a#+ )a( a )9 )%/)+ U* c+.a6;* !/c+*?a+ !*2!&!c! ! ,.%/a N+ $a5 -1! c+*"1*%. (a !/,!.a*6ac+* (a !/,!.a E* (a !/,!.a !( "1 01.+ *+ +c1(0a *+2!a!/ !/07 ,.!2%/0+ M15 %"!.!*0! !/ (a !/,!.a*6a S! +.%!*0a a( "101.+ c+)+ (+ ,+.2!*%. (+ %),.!2%/%b(! (+ +c1(0+ 5 (+ !/c+*+c%+ P+. !/+ (a !/,!.a*6a *+ !/ ,a/%2%a /%*+ c.!a+.a ! ,+/%b%(%a!/ /%!),.! *1!2a/ c+)+ !( a)+. T+a/ (a/ (!*#1a/ $ac!* (a %/0%*c%;* 0!.)%*+(;#%ca !/,!.a!/,!.a*6a9 a&&e%a<%"e$a,a9 )ai&< h!"e9 )a$&e
Espera Attesa Wait Warten Attente
— — — — —
Esperanza Speranza Hope Hoffnung Espoir
C. 17 Sentido de la vida humana
245
La9* E*0.a(#+ !* /1 (%b.+ La e%"e$a + la e%"e$a,a %b1&a (a %"! .!*c%a !*0.! a)ba/ La !/,!.a !/ a)b%#1a ,1!! /!. !/,!.a ! 1* b%!* + ! 1* )a( + %*c(1/+ 1*a !/,!.a 2a*a /%* +b&!0+ 1*a %(1/%;* ,+. !&!),(+ #a*a. (a (+0!.9a /%* c+),.a. !( b%((!0! La !/,!.a /! .! ?!.! a 0!*!. + !2%0a. a(#+ La !/,!.a !/ ,+. 0a*0+ ,a/%2a .!/,!c0+ a( "101.+ !( c1a( /! !/,!.a -1! ((!#1! La !/,!.a !/ ,!*+/a (!*0a 5 (a.#aB !/07 1*%a a( )%!+ a (a a*#1/0%a 5 !/07 %*-1%!0aB %c! !( ,.+2!.b%+ -1%!* !/,!.a !/!/,!.a L+ 1.+ -1! !/ !/,!.a. (+ /a b!)+/ ,+. !4,!.%!*c%a ,.+,%a E/,!.a. c1a*+ /! a)a c1a*+ /! !/!a c1a*+ /! 0%!*! *!c!/%a ! a(#+ !/ 1* 0+.)!*0+B a1*-1! *+ 012%8.a)+/ )7/ +(+. !* *1!/0.a a()a -1! (+ -1! /1".%)+/ c1a*+ !/,!.a)+/ (+/ b%!*!/ -1! a*$!(a)+/ %*0!*/a)!*0! ba/0a .9a ,a.a 0.a*/"+.)a. *1!/0.a 2%a !* 1* 2a((! ! (7#.%)a/ La !/,!.a*6a !/07 (%#aa a( 0%!),+ E* !( )1*+ !/ *!c!/a.%+ !/ ,!.a. !* !( +b(! /!*0%+ ! 0!*!. !/,!.a*6a 5 !/,!.a.B c1a(-1%!. c+/a -1! b1/ca)+/ *+.)a()!*0! /! a(ca*6a (!*0a)!*0! L!*0a)!*0! )a1.a* (+/ ".10+/ !( ca),+ (!*0a)!*0! /! a-1%!.! (a c%!*c%a 5 !( c+*+c%)%!*0+B (!*0a)!*0! /! !*.%-1!c! !( $+)b.!B (!*0a)!*0! /! c+*-1%/0a* (+/ c+.a6+*!/ T++ /! !/a..+((a c+* (!*0%01B !( 0%!),+ %),!.a "+.6+/a)!*0! !* *1!/0.a 2%a 5 0%!*! 1*a "1*c%;* *+ /;(+ b%+ (;#%ca /%*+ 0a)b%8* ,!a#;#%ca 5 !1ca0%2a E( $+)b.! c+*0!),+ .7*!+ *+ 0+(!.a (a/ (!*0%01!/ -1%/%!.a -1! 0++ "1!.a .7,%+ ,!.+ (a (!5 ! (a 2%a ! 0+a 2%a !/ (a (!*0%01B !( 0%!),+ )a1.a (+/ ".10+/ !* !( ca),+ !( 0%!),+ )a1.a (a .!/,+*/ab%(%a ! (a ,!./+*a D!c9a O2%%+ L+ -1! *ac! ,.+*0+ )1!.! ,.+*0+
3. Esperanza, sentido de la vida y compromiso cristiano La %)!*/%;* !/,ac%+0!),+.a( ! (a 2%a $1)a*a *+/ ((!2a a +0.a c+*/%!.ac%;* -1! 0+ca (a !/,!.a*6a c.%/0%a*a E( c.%/0%a*%/)+ c+* /%!.a (a 2%a c+.,+.a( c+)+ !( 0%!),+ 5 !( (1#a. ! (a ,.+,%a .!a(% 6ac%;* -1! a(ca*6a /1 2!.a!.+ 2a(+. /+(a)!*0! c1a*+ !/07 c+) ,.+)!0%a !* +b0!*!. (a .!a(%6ac%;* c+),(!0a ! (a ,!./+*a V%a
246
EXPLÍCAME LA PERSONA
$1)a*a 5 !/,!.a*6a !* !( )7/ a((7 *+ /! c+*0.a%c!* )101a)!*0! /%*+ -1! /! c+),(!)!*0a* Caa 1*+ .!c%b%.7 (+ -1! $a5a $!c$+ b1!*+ + )a(+ ,+. !( c1!.,+ €C+. {wvZ P+. !/0! )+0%2+ !( c.%/ 0%a*+ *+ !b! ,a/a. (a ,.+,%a 2%a c+)+ ,a/a* (a/ *1b!/ !* !( c%!(+ 1.a*0! 1* 9a ! 7b.!#+ + (+ -1! /!.9a ,!+. 2!#!0a. %*0!*0a*+ /a 0%/"ac!. /+(a)!*0! (+/ ,.+,%+/ a,!0%0+/ /%*+ ,+. !( c+*0.a.%+ 2%2%.(a .!a()!*0! !* ,.+"1*%a ,a.a a(ca*6a. (a ,.+,%a .!a(%6ac%;* ,!. /+*a( L+ )7/ %),+.0a*0! *+ !/ (a ca*0%a ! 0%!),+ -1! /! 0%!*! a %/,+/%c%;*B (+ -1! !/ 2!.a!.a)!*0! %),+.0a*0! 5 1.#!*0! !/ !( $!c$+ ! a,.+2!c$a.(+ 5 ! $ac!.(+ ".1c0%?ca. T.%/0! !/ !/0! !,%0a?+ A-19 5ac! 1* $+)b.! -1! )1.%; a (+/ *+2!*0a 5 0.!/ a:+/ ,!.+ 2%2%; /;(+ 0.!/
«Si existe un pecado contra la vida, seguramente no es tanto el de desesperar, como el de esperar otra vida y desentenderse de la implacable grandeza de ésta». (A. Camus). E* !/0a/ ,a(ab.a/ $a5 1* "1!.0! .!c(a)+ a (a 2!.a 5 a (a c+$! .!*c%a C%!.0+/ )+2%)%!*0+/ .!(%#%+/+/ ! /!((+ !/,%.%01a(%/0a )%(! *a.%/0a 5 a,+ca(9,0%c+ /1/0.a!* a (+/ c.!5!*0!/ !( ,.!/!*0! c+* (a !/,!.a*6a ! 1* 2a#+ "101.+ E/0+ *+ 2a(! ,a.a !( 2!.a!.+ c.%/ 0%a*+ E( c.%/0%a*%/)+ !* !"!c0+ ,.+c(a)a*+ (a !*ca.*ac%;* ! D%+/ a0.%b15! 1*a %),(acab(! #.a*!6a a !/0a 2%a A( c.%/0%a*+ *+ (! !/ (9c%0+ /1/0.a!./! a( c+),.+)%/+ ! (a /+(%a.%a 5 !( a)+. $ac%a (+/ $!.)a*+/ ,+.-1! /% *+ /! -1%!.! /!. /+(%0a.%+/ !/ *!c! /a.%+ /!. /+(%a.%+/ Ca)1/Z P.!c%/a)!*0! !* *+)b.! ! /1 a)+. a D%+/ !( c.%/0%a*+ !b! )+/0.a. -1! /1 2!.a!.a !/,!.a*6a $ac%a !( ,+.2!*%. !/ a. 0++ !* !( ,.!/!*0! La ,.%)!.a 2%.01 c.%/0%a*a !/ (a ca.%a !&!.c%a /+b.! 0++ c+* *1!/0.+/ /!)!&a*0!/ -1! *+ %) ,(%ca /;(+ (a +.ac%;* /%*+ 0a)b%8* a-1!((+/ b%!*!/ )a0!.%a(!/ c+* (+/ -1! ,+!)+/ c+*0.%b1%. T12! $a)b.! 5 )! %/0!%/ ! c+)!.B
C. 17 Sentido de la vida humana
247
012! /! 5 )! %/0! ! b!b!.B !.a "+.a/0!.+ 5 )! a(+&a/0!%/B !/0aba !/*1+ 5 )! 2!/0%/0!%/B !*"!.)+ 5 )! 2%/%0a/0!%/B !* (a c7.c!( 5 "1%/ 0!%/ a 2!.)! %&+ J!/
248
EXPLÍCAME LA PERSONA
La vida “tiene” sentido Inteligencia (verdad). Porque el hombre es consciente y libre; negar el sentido de la vida sería negar la conciencia y libertad en el hombre.
“Dar” sentido a la vida Libertad (responsabilidad). Dar sentido a la vida quiere decir «voluntad de sentido» que significa que la vida humana busca el amor, la solidaridad, la felicidad.
Motivos de sentido • Esperanza • Amor • Solidaridad • Compromiso
SENTIDO DE LA VIDA HUMANA
Amor y sentido de la vida El amor es el sentido de la vida. Cuando naciste, los que estaban a tu lado sonreían porque te amaban, y tú llorabas. Vive tu vida amando, para que el día de tu muerte todos lloren y tú sonrías. Cuando hay un porqué vivir, se soporta cualquier cómo.
Solidaridad y sentido de la vida Crisis de sentido • Sufrimiento • Fracaso • Muerte
«Si existe un pecado contra la vida, seguramente no es tanto el desesperar, como el esperar otra vida y desentenderse de la implacable grandeza de ésta».
