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FKILA\ UKDNKZABAD

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OAPA UKDNADPA\

Ukrtaia pkdufcs ikdnujapoad puhc syuour sklksar-lksardya okpaà Pubad S.I.K. oarkda badya oarkda adunkrab àd pkdykrtaadDya àrc awaf iufa okncatad fapadnad bcdnna aobcr pkdufcsad, fapmrad pkiktaad ‖NKMFMNC @AK\AB JCFADNOAU @AD ZKOCPA\DSA, OKJAIAPAD N[IKFA\, OAL[UAPKD LADS[IAZ, U\MWCDZC HAÂ PKDNAB’ àpat `cskfksacoad `kdnad t kpat waotu. Fapmrad pkiktaad nkmfmnc cdc ikdnufas sknafa aspko nkmfmnc `c àkrab Jclkdtadn àd skoctardya lkràsaroad àta yadn tkfab `couipufoad saat okncatad pkiktaad. Aspko nkmfmnc tkrsklut ikdjaoup nkmimrgmfmnc, stratcnragc, struotur nkmfmnc, `ff. Lkradnoat àrc aspko tkrsklut, iaoa àpat `cbascfoad cdtkrprktasc skharab àd kvafuasc nkmfmnc àrc àkrab tkrsklut. Ukiluatad fapmrad cdc ikiaoad waotu ouradn fklcb satu skikstkr. @afai pkiluataddya, pkdufcs ikdàpat ladyao lad yao ladtuad àfai lkdtuo orctco àd sarad àrc lkrlanac mradn. mradn. @kdnad @kdnad cdc, pkdufcs cdncd ikdyaipacoad rasa tkrcia oascb dya dya okpaà skiua mradn yadn tkrfclat àfai pkdufcsad, `c adtaradya8 Okfuarna pkdufcs yadn tcào pkrdab fkfab ikilkrcoad ùoudnad, laco skjara imraf iaupud sarad tkodcs. Obususdya okpaà ayab àrc pkdufcs, yadn skfafu salar ikilkrc dascbat okpaà pkdufcs. Lapao Cr. Bcàrtad, IP skfaou `mskd pkilcilcdn, laco `c fapadnad iaupud saat pkdufcsad fapmrad. Ukdufcs cdncd ikdnujapoad tkrcia oascb ladyao atas



























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tkiad-tkiad Nkmfmnc <510 atas ùoudnaddya tkrbaàp pkdufcs àd tkiad-tkiad facddya Crfad L Zaiu`ra, ZP, sklanac ascstkd pkiktaad okfmipmo tcna. Ukdufcs cdncd ladyao lkrtkrcia oascb atas ladtuad àd ùoudnaddya skfaia okncatad fapadnad. Ladyao cfiu yadn `càpatoad sadnat lkrnuda udtuo pkdufcs àfai pkiluatad fapmrad iaupud udtuo `c okiu`cad barc. Zkfurub rkoad facddya yadn turut ikiladtu pkdufcs, laco àfai pkiluatad fapmrad atau badya skokàr ùoudnad imraf. Fapmrad cdc tcào aoad lcsa `cluat skrupa cdc tadpa ladtuad àrc fuar. @afai ikilaja fapmrad cdc, pkilaja iudnocd aoad ikdkiuoad lkranai oksafabad àfai pkdkfctcad iaupud pkdufcsad yadn `csklaload mfkb oktcàotkfctcad àd oktkrlatasad pkdufcs. Mfkb oarkda ctu, pkdufcs ikimbmd udtuo orctco àd sarad àfai usaba udtuo ikdcdnoatoad ouafctas àrc fapmrad cdc. [dtuo para pkilaja fapmrad cdc, pkdufcs lkrbarap labwa tufcsad cdc àpat ikilkrcoad iadgaat àd cfiu yadn `cbarapoad, lkrnuda udtuo pkdkfctcad fadhutad yadn aoad `cfaouoad `c àkrab yadn saia. Zkoafc fanc pkdufcs ujapoad tkrcia oascb ladyao sklksar-lksardya.

Haoarta, Dmvkilkr <512



























ZA\C

@akrab pkiktaad tkrfktao paà àkrab Jcfadnoap àd skoctardya, Okjaiatad Nuikfar, Oalupatkd Ladyuias, Urmvcdsc Hawa Pkdnab `kdnad fuas :5oi <. Ukiktaad cdc ikdjaoup aspko nkmimrgmfmnc, stratcnragc, struotur nkmfmnc, udtuo skfadhutdya àpat `crkomdstruosc skharab nkmfmncdya. Kvafuasc nkmfmnc lkrupa pmtkdsc àd lkdjada nkmfmnc `càsaroad paà pkdcfacad omd`csc gcsco nkmfmnc. Zatuad nkmimrgmfmnc àkrab pkiktaad `càsaroad paà nkdktco àd `ksorcptcg, yactu satuad nkmimrgmfmnc àtarad gfuvcaf,

Zatuad

Nkmimrgmfmnc

Lkrluoct

Lkrnkfmiladn

Ztruoturaf,

Zatuad

Nkmimrgmfmnc Lkrluoct Pkrsayat Pahai Ztruoturaf. Lkràsaroad pkilancad fctmstratcnragc àd pkdnkfmipmooad skjara `ksorcptcg, àkrab pkiktaad `clanc ikdha`c 0 satuad latuad, `cawafc `kdnad satuad tkrtua lkrupa Zatuad Latupascr Lkrfapcs Oarlmdatad, Zatuad Latuad Fkipudn pkrskfcdnad Latupascr, Zatuad latu lkou ad`ksct cdtrusc, àd satuad kdàpad afuvcaf. Ukilkdtuoad latuad paà àkrab pkiktaad `ciufac àrc oafa Icmskd Pkdnab saipac Ufcstmskd Awaf. Pkraobcr tkràpat krmsc paà Zudnac Pahui yadn ikdnbascfoad satuad kdàpad affuvcaf. Ztruotur nkmfmnc yadn tkràpat `c àkrab pkiktaad lkrupa adtcofcd, scdofcd, sksar nkskr ikdnadad. Zuilkr àya afai paà àkrab pkiktaad lkrupa pkrt ailadnad latupascr, àd tata nuda fabad, fabad, àd lkdjada lkdjada afai nkraoad tadab `csklaload mfkb tadab fmdnsmr.

Oata oudjc 8 Nuikfar, Ladyuias, Fctmstratcnragc, Zcdofcd, Adtcofcd, Zksar Nkskr

Ikdnadad





























ALZP\AJP

Pbk iappcdn arka cs fmjatk` cd Jcfajap vcffank ad` surrmud`cdn arkas, Nuikfar @cstrcjt, Ladyuias \knkdjy, Jkdtraf Hava Urmvcdjk wctb ad arka mg :5oi<. Pbcs iappcdn cdjfu`ks nkmimrpbmfmncjaf aspkjts, stratcnrapby, nkmfmncjaf strujturk, tm gurtbkr lk rkjmdstrujtk` nkmfmncj bcstmry. Nkmfmncjaf kvafuatcmd mg nkmfmncjaf pmtkdtcafs pmtkdtcafs ad` `csastkrs cs lask` md ad asskssikdt mg tbk pbyscjaf jmd`ctcmd mg nkmfmny. Nkmimrpbmfmny udct mg iappcdn arka cs lask` md nkdktcj ad` `ksjrcptcvk, affuvcaf pfacd nkmimrpbmfmny udct, nkmimrpbmfmny nkmimrpbmfmny mg strujturaf strujturaf jmrrunatk`, nkmimrpbmfmny mg strujturaf jmrrunatk` bcff, nkmimrpbmfmny mg `kduàtcmdaf fad`. Lask` md tbk `cstrclutcmd mg fctbmstratcnrapby ad` `ksjrcptcvk nrmupcdn, tbk iappcdn arka cs `cvc`k` cdtm 0 udcts mg rmjo, lkncddcdn wctb tbk mf`kst udct cd tbk gmri sad`stmdk, fcikstmdk, ad` affuvcaf `kpmscts. Gcdaffy tbkrk cs krmscmd cd tbk Nuikfar \cvkr wbcjb prmùjks affuvcaf `kpmscts. Pbk nkmfmncjaf strujturk jmdtacdk` cd tbk iappcdn arka mg tbk sydjfcdcj, adtcjfcdk, tbk rcnbt fatkraf sfcp ark adafyzk`. Nkmfmncjaf pmtkdtcaf cd tbk iappcdn arka mg sad`stmdk icdks ad` sad` icdks. Pbk pmtkdtcaf gmr `csastkr cd tbcs arka cs avafadjbks.

Okywmr`s 8 Nkmimrpbmfmny, Fctmstratcnrapby, \cnbt Fatkraf-Zfcp



























@AGPA\ CZC

H[@[F FKILA\ UKDNKZABAD OAPA UKDNAPA\…………………………………………………………………..c UKDNAPA\…………………………………………………………………. .c ZA\C…………………………………………………………………………………cv ZA\C………………………………………………………………………………… cv ALZP\AJP…………………………………………………………………………..v ALZP\AJP………………………………………………………………………… ..v @AGPA\ CZC…………………………………………………………………………vc CZC…………………………………………………………………………vc @AGPA\ GMPM……………………………………………………………………...x GMPM……………………………………………………………………...x @AGPA\ NAILA\………………………………………………………………...xc NAILA\………………………………………………………………... xc @AGPA\ PALKF………………………………………………………………. PALKF……………………………………………………………… .….xccc @AGPA\ FAIUC\AD PK\COAP…………………………………...………. PK\COAP…………………………………...……… .…....xcv …....xcv @AGPA\ FAIUC\AD FKUAZ………………………………………………….….xv LAL C UKD@AB[F[AD……………………………………………………. UKD@AB[F[AD…………………………………………………….………1 ………1 1.1

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@AGPA\ GMPM Gmtm <.1 Zatuad nkmimrgmfmnc pkrluoctad lkrnkfmiladn struoturaf

15

Gmtm <.< Zatuad nkmimrgmfmnc lkrluoct tkrsayat tahai struoturaf

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Gmtm <.: Zatuad nkmimrgmfmnc àtarad gfuvcaf

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@AGPA\ NAILA\

Nailar 1.1 Fmoasc àkrab pkiktaad lkràsaroad apfcoasc Nmmnfk Kartb

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Nailar 1.< Ukta tmpmnragc àkrab pkdkfctcad

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Nailar <.1 Ukta gcscmnragc sklancad Uufau Hawa àd Iaùra

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Nailar <.: Zta`ca @akrab Iuà (Fmlkjo, 13:3)

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Nailar <.; Zta`ca @akrab Pua (Fmlkjo, 13:3)

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(Oastmwm àd D.Zuwarda, 1337)

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Nailar :.< Patadad stratcnragc àkrab àkr ab pkiktaad paà Ukta Nkmfmnc Fkilar

Iahkdadn (Oastmwm àd D. Zuwarda, 1337)

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Nailar ;.0 Urmsks tkotmdco omiprksc `kdnad arab naya larat àya -

tciur faut àd cdtrusc ad`ksctk

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@AGPA\ PALKF

Palkf <.1 Ofascgcoasc Wad Xucài (132;)

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(Lfmw, 1373)

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Palkf :.0 Ocsarad fcdnoudnad pkdnkdàpad lancad lmttmi Zatuad

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@AGPA\ FAIUC\AD FKOAP

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Faipcrad Uktrmnragc 0


Faipcrad Uktrmnragc ;






























@AGPA\ FAIUC\AD FKUAZ

Faipcrad Fkpas 1

Ukta Fcdtasad

Faipcrad Fkpas <

Ukta Nkmimrgmfmnc

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Faipcrad Fkpas 0

Ukta Umfa Afcrad Zudnac



























LAL C UKD@AB[F[AD 1.1. Fatar Lkfaoadn

Uaà zaiad im`krd skpkrtc cdc, cfiu nkmfmnc ikicfcoc pkradad pkdtcdn àfai ikilkrcoad cdgmriasc tkdtadn pkrokiladnad omd`csc nkmfmnc paà suatu àkrab. Oarkda lkrokiladndya omd`csc nkmfmnc yadn ikiluat para abfc `c lcàdn cdc ikfaouoad pkdkfctcad fadnsudn ok àkrab tkrsklut. @ad pkdkfctcad ctu pud udtuo ikdàpatoad suatu àta yadn `ktcf ikdjaoup omd`csc nkmimrgmfmnc, stratcnragc, struotur nkmfmnc àd aspko aspko nkmfmnc facddya.



























aàfab ikdncdtkrprktascoad skharab nkmfmnc dya àd ikdnkvafuasc àkrab skjara nkmfmnc skpkrtc pmtkdsc suilkr àya afai atau rawad lkdjada.

1.:. âotu, Fmoasc, àd Oksaipacad @akrab Ukdkfctcad

@akrab pkdkfctcad skjara aìcdcstratcg lkraà `c @akrab @ksa Jcfadnoap àd skoctardya, Okjaiatad Nuikfar, Oalupatkd Ladyuias, Urmvcdsc Hawa Pkdnab. Zkjara nkmnragcs tkrfktao paà ommr`cdat8 152µ ;7– <1,2" ‚ 152µ 152µ ;3' 5>,;" LP àd 5>µ <<' :3,>" ‚ 5>µ 5>µ <;' <1,2" FZ (Nailar 1.<). Ukdkfctcad lkrhaf ad skfaia ouradn fklcb :5 barc àrc tadnnaf << Hufc <51> bcdnna <0 Anustus <51>. Hadnoa waotu pkdkfctcad àpat `clanc lanc ikdha`c skpkrtc lkrcout8 tcna t cna barc pkrtaia ikdktap i kdktap `c laskjaip utaia `c Bmtkf @micdco, tcna barc pkdnkdafad fapadnad lkrsaia `mskd àd ascstkd `mskd, ùa pufub





















































Lklkrapa saipkf latuad `cailcf udtuo ikdha`c labad pkdkfctcad sksu ac `kdnad satuad latuad yadn ikrkprkskdtascoad pkdyklaraddya iascdn-iascdn. 1.;. Pcdhauad Uustaoa

Wad Lkiikfkd (1303), ikfaouoad pkilancad gcscmnragc àkrab Hawa Larat àd pkdkfctcad nkmfmnc skrta ikdyusud stratcnragc àkrab Hawa Larat yactu àkrab Xmda Lmnmr? Oastmwm àd D. Zuwarda (1337), yadn ikilabas ikdnkdac omd`csc nkmfmnc àd huna pkdyklarad gmriasc àkrab Hawa Pkdnab obususdya paà ‖Ukta Nkmfmnc Fkilar Iahkdadn, Hawa’.





























LAL CC NKMIM\GMFMNC <.1 Gcscmnragc \kncmdaf



























skoctar Uurwmà`c `kdnad scdnoapad latuad tkrtua lkruiur Mfcnmskd ‚ Mfcnmskd ‚ Icmskd Icmskd Lawab yadn `cwaocfc mfkb Gmriasc Ukfadn. 1.

Xmda @kprksc Hawa Pkdnab Ikdkipatc

lancad

tkdnab

bcdnna

skfatad.

ikrupaoad àtarad padtac `kdnad fklar 15

Zklancad <; oi.





















































struoturaf, satuad nkmimrgmfmnc pkrluoctad tkrsayat tahai struoturaf, àd satuad nkmimrgmfmnc àtarad gfuvcaf ( Palkf <.:). Palkf <.1 Ofascgcoasc \kfckg Ikdurut vad Xucài (132;)

Zatuad \kfckg

Okfkrkdnad (%)

Lkà Pcdnnc (i)



























Palkf <.< Ofascgcoasc Lkdtuoad Asaf Zkjara Nkdktco (Wkrstappkd (132:)

[dct [taia

Om`k/Burug

ârda

Lkdtuoad asaf struotur

Z (Ztrujurk)

[dnu

Lkdtuoad asaf nududnapc

W (Wmfjadcj)

Ikrab











































































































Zatuad

Fuas

Nkmimrgmfmnc

%

\kfckg

Fctmfmnc Ukdyusud

Urmsks

Umfa Afcrad

Zta`ca

Ukdnnudaad Fabad





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































0.<

Ztruotur Nkmfmnc @akrab Ukiktaad

Ztruotur nkmfmnc paà àkrab pkiktaad àpat `ctkdtuoad lkràsaroad àta fapadnad àfai lkdtuo luotc-luotc, lkrupa pkdnuourad okoar paà latuad, bascf cdtkrprktasc àrc hurus àd okicrcdnad latuad, skrta pkrpcdàbad fktao ( mggskt) fctmfmnc. Luotc-luotc tkrsklut `csksuacoad `kdnad pmfa pkdyklarad omdtur paà pkta tmpmnragc `kdnad soafa 181<.;55, laco lkrupa okfurusad luoct ataupud pkilkfmoad sudnac sklanac àta pkdudhadn àfai pkdkdtuad struotur nkmfmnc paà àkrab pkiktaad. Ukdaiaad struotur paà àkrab pkiktaad `ctkdtuoad lkràsaroad daia nkmnragcs sktkipat, skpkrtc daia `ksa àd sudnac `ciada tadà-tadà struotur tkrsklut `ctkiuoad. Ztruotur yadn `chuipac paà àkrab pkiktaad lkrupa pkrfcpatad, lkrupa Adtcofcd àd scdofcd. Ztruotur sksar huna ikdnmdtrmf àkrab pkrlkàad lkrupa sksar turud, sksar `kxtraf àd sksar scdcstraf. 0.<.1 Zksar Nkskr

Zksar aàfab suatu lcàdn atau zmda rkoabad yadn tkfab ikdnafaic pkrnkskrad, Ascocd (13>2). Ukdkdtuad daia struotur sksar paà àkrab cdc `càsaroad atas oktcàotkraturad strcok/`cp, okicrcdnad yadn rkfatcvk lksar, skfacd ctu huna `cùoudn mfkb oktkràpatad acr tkrhud, arab lrkoscasc àd okfurusad tmpmnragc. a. Zksar Nkskr Ikdnadad @kriahc Arab tknasad utaia paà àkrab pkdkfctcad ikicfcoc arab [tara ‚ Zkfatad. Zkfatad. Zksar cdc ikimtmdn satuad latufkipudn pkrskfcdnad latupascr oarlmdatad, satuad lkou ad`ksct, àd satuad latupascr lkrfapcs oarlmdatad. @ata ‚ àta àta yadn `cpkrmfkb adtara facd 8 1. @ata okoar ‚ okoar ‚ okoar okoar (FU 3:) <. Okfurusad tmpmnragc :. Arab lrkoscasc Ukilkdtuoad struotur nkmfmnc yadn tkràpat paà àkrab pkiktaad udtuo



























tkrus ikdkrus ikdnafaic naya omiprksc aoad tkrfcpat, àd oktcoa lkdà tkrsklut ikfkwatc latas kfastcsctasdya iaoa lkdà tkrsklut aoad patab.

Nailar 0.0 Im`kf pkilkdtuoad pmfa struotur yadn `cbascfoad àrc Uurk Zbkar `kdnad arab naya omiprksc [tara ‚ [tara ‚ Zkfatad Zkfatad (Lcffcdns, 13><)

Lkràsaroad omdskp `catas iaoa sksar ikdàtar yadn tkrha`c paà àkrab pkiktaad `csklaload mfkb naya omiprksc utaia yadn ikicfcoc arab rkfatcvk utara ‚ skfatad paà àkrab pkiktaad. Uaà pkdnailcfad àta cdc ikdnnudaoad rmskt udtuo ikdkdtuoad okikdkrusad sksar nkskr ikdncrc paà àkrab pkiktaad. Palkf 0.< @ata Okoar Nudtcdn FU 3:

@APA OKOA\ N[DPCDN D<>: MK/77M R D:: MK/71M

D<25MK/77M R D:3 MK/;>M

D<>> MK/77M R D00 MK/7;M

D<2
D<21 MK/77M R D0< MK/77M

D<>3MK/77M R D01 MK/71M

D<25 MK/77M R D00 MK/;7M

D<>;MK/77M R D05 MK/;3M

D<>3 MK/77M R D0; MK/;2M

D<25MK/77M R D:3 MK/;7M

D<>; MK/77M R D:7 MK/75M

D<>M

D<>: MK/77M R D02 MK/70M

D<>5MK/77M R D00 MK/72M



























Nailar 0.; Umfa Ztkrkmdkt àkrab `kriahc

Gmtm 0.1 Okdaipaoad Acr Pkrhud àd zmda lrkoscasc @akrab âdas uta

l. Zksar Nkskr Ikdnadad Lalaoad Ukdaiaad Zksar Ikdàtar Ikdnadad Lalaoad lkràsaroad fmoasc `ciada



























pmfa Larat Faut- Pkdnnara ikfkwatc @ksa Lalaoad Zkfatad, Okjaiatad Nuikfar. Uatabad cdc ikimtmdn satuad latupascr oarlmdatad. Cd`coasc yadn àpat `caiatc àfai pkdarcoad lcàdn patabad adtara facd sklanac lkrcout8 1.

Cdtkrprktasc awaf `cfaouoad ikfafuc pkta tmpmnragc yadn ikdudhuooad aàdya okfurusad omdtur aoclat aàdya pkrnkskrad fctmfmnc.

<.

@ctkiuoaddya okùùoad fapcsad latuad yadn ajao `c àkrab skoctar. Zkrta lklkrapa àkrab fmdnsmrad

:.

@ctkiuoaddya Ukilkfmoad Zudnac yadn tcla-tcla Palkf 0.: @ata Okoar Nudtcdn FU ;:

@APA OKOA\ N[DPCDN D<22 MK/07M R D17; MK/02M

D<27MK/;;M R D175 MK/0;M

D<37 MK/;3M R D171 MK/;5M

D<23MK/;:M R D1;3 MK/0>M

D<31 MK/;3M R D173 MK/:3M

D<3
D<23 MK/;7M R D1;0 MK/0
D<3;MK/03M R D1;> MK/;5M

D<30 MK/;>M R D1;3 MK/0;M

D<3:MK/;7M R D171 MK/:2M

D<33 MK/;:M R D1;; MK/02M

D<3:MK/;>M R D17; MK/0;M

D<3: MK/;1M R D1;2 MK/:;M

D<33MK/0:M R D177 MK/0>M



























Nailar 0.7 Umfa Ztkrkmdkt àkrab Lalaoad

j. Zksar Nkskr Ikdnadad Jcwafkd Ukdaiaad Zksar Ikdàtar Ikdnadad Lalaoad lkràsaroad fmoasc `ciada `ctkiuoaddya sksar tkrsklut yadn lkraà `c lancad larat àya àkrab pkiktaad `kdnad pmfa Larat Faut- Pkdnnara ikfkwatc @ksa Lalaoad Zkfatad, Okjaiatad Nuikfar. Uatabad cdc ikimtmdn satuad latupascr oarlmdatad. Cd`coasc yadn àpat `caiatc àfai pkdarcoad lcàdn patabad adtara facd sklanac lkrcout8

1.

Cdtkrprktasc awaf `cfaouoad ikfafuc pkta tmpmnragc yadn ikdudhuooad aàdya luoct yadn tkrpcsab.

<.

@ctkiuoaddya okùùoad fapcsad latuad yadn anao ajao `c àkrab skoctar.





























Palkf 0.0 @ata Okoar Nudtcdn FU 32

@APA OKOA\ N[DPCDN D131 MK/;3M R D:01 MK/77M

D120MK/;;M R D::3 MK/71M

D121 MK/;2M R D::1 MK/7:M

D135MK/;2M R D::; MK/75M

D125 MK/02M R D:05 MK/7>M

D130MK/;2M R D:03 MK/7;M

D13; MK/71M R D::; MK/;;M

D123MK/0>M R D:05 MK/;>M

D127 MK/75M R D::2 MK/;3M

D12:MK/;1M R D::5 MK/;:M

D12> MK/;1M R D::: MK/;>M

D137MK/70M R D:05 MK/7;M

D12> MK/7:M R D:05 MK/7:M

D135MK/0>M R D::5 MK/;0M



























0.<.0 Ztruotur Ukrfcpatad Ztruotur pkrfcpatad ikrupaoad suatu `kgmriasc paà fapcsad latuad yadn tkrha`c oarkda ikdnafaic naya tknasad skbcdnna latuad lkrnkrao àrc okùùoad skiufa àd ikilkdtuo suatu fkdnoudnad. Lkràsaroad tcpk pkrfcpatad `clanc ikdha`c ùa yactu adtcofcd àd scdofcd. Uaà àkrab pkiktaad `chuipac aàdya struotur pkrfcpatad lkrupa scdofcd Uadcdnoalad, adtcofcd Jcompkdn @ua. a. Zcdofcd Oaradnùrkd Cd`coasc aàdya struotur scdofcd `c fmoasc `ksa Oaradnhailu àkrab pkiktaad `càsaroad paà okaàad `cp yadn safcdn lkrtkiu `cskrtac `kdnad pkrufadnad fapcsad. Ukdnuourad fapcsad paà FU ; àd FU 20, uiuidya ikicfcoc `cp `kdnad arab skfatad skàdnoad pkdnuourad fapcsad paà FU 1, FU <, FU :, FU 0, àd FU 2: ikicfcoc `cp `kdnad arab utara. Ukdkdtuad struotur scdofcd `càsaroad paà daia àkrab tkr`koat yadn tkrokda naya `kgmriasc tkrsklut . Ukrbctudnad strcok/`cp yadn `càpatoad lkrocsar adtara << m-0>m.

Palkf 0.; @ata strcok-`cp paà Fcpatad Zcdofcd Oaradnùrkd

FU

ZP\COK/@CU

FU1

D<7; m K/:7 D^

FU<

D<70 m K/<7 D^

FU:

D<75 m K/:; D^

FU2:

D<7; m K/<7 D^

FU;

D2< m K/<5 ZK



























:0, àd FU 22 ikicfcoc `cp `kdnad arab utara. Ukdkdtuad struotur scdofcd `càsaroad paà daia àkrab tkr`koat yadn tkrokda naya `kgmriasc tkrsklut. Ukrbctudnad strcok/`cp yadn `càpatoad lkrocsar adtara << m-0>m.

Palkf 0.7 @ata strcok-`cp paà Fcpatad Zcdofcd Jcpcjudn

FU

ZP\COK/@CU

FU<7

D2; m K/01 ZK

FU<>

D25 m K/:3 ZK

FU:1

D<2< m K/05 D^

FU:<

D<21 m K/:> D^

FU:0

D<>: m K/<3 D^

FU22

D<23 m K/<2 D^

j. Adtcofcd Uadnoafad Cd`coasc aàdya struotur adtcofcd `c fmoasc `ksa Uadnoafad àkrab pkiktaad `càsaroad paà okaàad `cp yadn safcdn lkrfawadad `cskrtac `kdnad pkrufadnad fapcsad. Ukdnuourad fapcsad paà FU 3 àd FU :;, uiuidya ikicfcoc `cp `kdnad arab skfatad skfat ad skàdnoad pkdnuourad fapcsad paà FU 15, FU :<, FU :: àd FU :0 ikicfcoc `cp `kdnad arab utara Ukdkdtuad struotur adtcofcd `càsaroad paà daia àkrab tkr`koat yadn tkrokda naya `kgmriasc tkrsklut. Palkf 0.> @ata strcok-`cp paà Fcpatad Adtcofcd Uadnoafad



























Uaà àkrab pkiktaad tkrha`c prmsks tkotmdco `kdnad arab naya utaia [tara ‚ Zkfatad, baf cdc `ctudhuooad `kdnad struotur pkrfcpatad yadn ikicfcoc arab Larat ‚ Pciur. Okiu`cad struotur sksar nkskr `kdnad arab Laratàya ‚ Laratàya ‚ Pciurfaut, Pciurfaut, Pkdnnara ‚ Laratàya, Laratàya, àd [tara ‚ [tara ‚ Zkfatad. Zkfatad. Okiu`cad aàdya okoar ‚ okoar ‚ okoar okoar yadn ikdudhuooad arab naya [tara ‚ Zkfatad yadn ikilkdtuo okdaipaoad àd struotur `c àkrab pkiktaad.



























LAL W ZKHA\AB NKMFMNC

Lkràsaroad bascf adafcscs àta-àta àrc aspko nkmimrgmfmnc. Ztratcnragc skrta struotur nkmfmnc, iaoa skharab nkmfmnc àrc àkrab pkiktaad cdc, àpat `chkfas oad yadn `ciufac àrc skharab fcdnoudnad pkdnkdàpad bcdnna skharab struotur yadn ikdnmdtrmf àkrab pkiktaad cdc. Lkràsaroad adafcscs stratcnragc, skh arab fcdnoudnad pkdnkdàpad àkrab pkiktaad cdc `ciufac paà oafa oafa Icmskd Pkdnab

bcdnna Ufcmskd Awaf.

Ukdnnailarad skharab nkmfmnc àfai labasad cdc `ccf ustrascoad `kdnad ikdnnudaoad im`kf lfmo `canrai. Zkharab nkmfmnc àrc àkrab pkiktaad `ciufac paà saat Icmskd Pkdnab (D17 D12), `ctadàc mfkb tkrkdàpoaddya satuad Latupascr Oarlmdatad yadn ikipudyac fcdnoudnad pkdnkdàpad dkrctcj fuar `ciada tkràpat scstki turlc`ct yadn ikicfcoc gajcks turlc`ct ofasco `kdnad gajcks Jbadkffk` supragad fmlks md ic` gad ikdurut âfokr (13>2) (nailar ;.1)





























ikdnafcrdya afcrad fava Lasaft yadn Ukdnkdàpad tkrha`c `clancad Larat @aya paà àkrab pkiktaad. (nailar ;.<)

Nailar ;.< Urmsks pkdnkdàpad Latufkipudn lkrsaiaad `kdnad afcrad fava Lasaft

Uaà Ufcmskd bcdnna Ufcstmskd, `ciada tkrlkdtuodya struotur yadn `c sklaload mfkb naya omiprksc [tara ‚ Zkfatad. ikilkdtuo sksar ikdnadad `c àkrab Oaradnnkàdn yadn ikiadhadn paà lancad Larat @aya ‚ Pciur Faut àkrab



























Nailar ;.: Urmsks tkotmdco omiprksc `kdnad arab naya utara ‚ utara ‚ skfatad skfatad

Okiu`cad naya omiprksc lkrulab ikdha`c Larat @aya ‚ Pciur Faut yadn tkrfcbat àrc tkrlkdtuodya sksar ikdnadad `kdnad arab tknasad rkfatcg [tara ‚ [tara ‚ Zkfatad Zkfatad paà lancad [tara àd Pciur àkrab pkiktaad sktkfab ctu ikdnafcr skluab fava Lasaft paà Oafa Ufcmskd Aobcr ikfafuc ikf afuc zmda fkiab yadn lkrupa sksar paà prmsks tkotmdco sklkfuidya (nailar ;.0).



























Zktkfab skradnoacad prmsks tkotmdco skfksac, tkrha`c prmsks pkfapuoad skbcdnna ikiluat pkilkdtuoad kdàpad affuvcaf `c àkrab tciur faut àkrab pkiktaad, skbcdnna tkrfcbat okdaipaoad skpkrtc skoaradn. (nailar ;.;)

Nailar ;.; Urmsks krmsc àd pkdnkdàpad kdàpad afuvcaf



























LAL WC KWAF[AZC NKMFMNC 7.1 Pcdhauad [iui

Kvafuasc nkmfmnc ikrupaoad aspko ‚ aspko ‚ aspko aspko nkmfmnc yadn ikdnuracoad pmtkdsc lkdjada iaupud iaupud labad labad nafcad àd oknudaad oknudaad fabad yadn lkrscgat oktkodcoad tadab atau latuad, lkrnuda udtuo oklutubad iasyaraoat paà àkrab pkiktaad. Kvafuasc nkmfmnc àpat ikdnktabuc okaàad suatu àkrab ikdnafaic pkiladnudad atau sklafcodya. Ukiladnudad suatu àkrab àpat `ctkiuc pmtkdsc labad nafcad afai skpkrtc skpkr tc iata iat a acr, tailadn pascr, tailadn latu lkou. Zuatu àkrab `csklut ikduhu okrusaoad apalcfa pkdailadnad atau aotcgctass iadusca suàb tcào skciladn `kdnad afai. Zaipurdm (1321), ikdnkfmipmoad aspko ‚ aspko nkmfmnc tata fcdnoudnad okàfai ùa (<) okfmipmo utaia yactu pmtkdsc afai àd lkdjada afai. Zkàdnoad Uurlmba`cwc`hmym (13>;) ikdyataoad labwa pmtkdsc afai aàfab sknafa sk suatu yadn



























7.<.1 Umtkdsc Zuilkràya Afai

a. Umtkdsc Labad Nafcad @akrab pkiktaad tkràpat pmtkdsc labad nafcad yadn ikdha`c iata pkdjabarcad pkdùùo skoctar yactu tailadn latupascr. Uascr yadn `ctailadn ikrupaoad labad udtuo pkiluatad latu lata àd nkdtkdn (Gmtm 7.1). Pkràpat huna pmtkdsc tailadn latu ad`ksct `c àkrab Oaradnhailu, @ksa Fuilcr yadn àpat `cnudaoad sklanac iatkrcaf pmdàsc cdgrastruotur. (Gmtm 7.<)























































7.<.< Umtkdsc Lkdjada Afai

Lkdjada nkmfmnc ikrupaoad hkdcs lkdjada afai yadn ikfclatoad àd `caoclatoad mfkb prmsks-prmsks nkmfmnc, laco lkrscgat kd`mnkdco iaupud kosmnkdco àd àpat ikdcilufoad labaya lanc okbcùpad iadusca (@haubarc Dmmr, <511). Jmdtmb lkdjada nkmfmnc, adtara facd8 tadab fmdnsmr, krupsc nududn apc, nkipa luic, tsudaic àd sulsc`kdjk (ailfksad). Okdàfa lkdjada afai yadn àpat tkrha`c `c àkrab pkiktaad, yactu tadab fmdnsmr (gmtm 7.:), tkrutaia paà fctmfmnc latupascr yadn ikipudyac okomipaoad luruo àd lutcraddya yadn iuàb fkpas. a. Padab Fmdnsmr





















































LAL WCC OKZCIU[FAD

Lkràsaroad bascf pkdkfctcad yadn `cfaouoad àpat `ctarco lklkrapa okscipufad ikdnkdac omd`csc nkimrgmfmnc, stratcnragc, skharab nkmfmnc, àd kvafuasc nkmfmnc àrc àkrab pkiktaad yadn tkrfktao `c àkrab Jcfadnoap, Okjaiatad Nuikfar, Oalupatkd Ladyuias, Urmvcdsc Hawa Pkdnab aàfab sklanac lkrcout8

1. Zatuad nkmimrgmfmnc àkrab pkiktaad `clanc ikdha`c kipat, yactu Zatuad Nkmimrgmfmnc Lkrluoct Pkrsayat Pahai Ztruoturaf, Zatuad Nkmimrgmfmnc Lkrluoct Lkrnkfmiladn Ztruoturaf, Zatuad Nkmimrgmfmnc Lkrnkfmiladn



























@AGPA\ U[ZPAOA

Ascocd, Zuokdàr. 13>0. @asar-àsar @asar-àsar Nkmfmnc Ztruotur . Ladùdn 8 @kpartkikd Pkodco nkmfmnc, Cdstctut Pkodmfmnc Ladùdn. Lkiikfkd, \.^. Wad., 1303. Pbk Nkmfmny mg Cd`mdksca , Wmf. 1 A, Nmvkrdikdt Urcdtcdn Mggcjk, Pbk Baunk. Lcffcdns, I.U., 13><, Ztrujturaf Nkmfmny :r` K`ctcmd8 Urkdtcjk Baff Cdj, Kdnfkwmm` Jfcggs, 757p Lfmw, ^. B., 1373, Fatk Ic`f`fk Icmjkdk Kmjkdk tm \kjkdt \kjkdt Ufadotmdcj Ufadotmdcj Gmraicdcgkra Gmraicdcgkra





























Zuwarda., D., 1337. Ukta Nkmfmnc Lkrscstki Cd`mdksca, Fkilar Iahkdadn. Zoafa 18155.555, Uusat Ukdkfctcad àd Ukdnkiladnad Nkmfmnc, Ladùdn. Oastmwm àd Zuwarda., D., 1337. Ukta Nkmfmnc Lkrscstki Cd`mdksca, Fkilar Iahkdadn. Zoafa 1 8155.555, Uusat Ukdkfctcad àd Ukdnkiladnad Nkmfmnc, Ladùdn.



























Zatyada, A. B., <55;. Ztrujturaf C`kdtatcmd mg Jkdtraf Hava A \kncmdaf ^rkdjb Zknikdtatcmd. Urmjkk`cdns Hmcdt Jmdvkdtcmd BANC-CANC-UK\BAUC p. 13;<50 8 Zuralaya. Zatyada, A.B., <55>, Jkdtraf Hava, Cd`mdksca ‚ a ‖tkrra cdjmndcta’ cd pktrmfkui





















































FAIUC\AD UKP\MN\AGC 1



























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LAPORAN PEMETAAN GEOLOGI

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