LABORATORIUM TEKNIK PERAWATAN
SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015 2014/201 5
MODUL
:
Kompresor, Fan dan Blower
PEMBIMBING
:
Ir. Bintan IM
Pra$%&$'m
: 2 M"i 2015
Pen(era)an
: 4 J*ni 2015
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PROGRAM STUDI DIPLOMA III TEKNIK KIMIA
JURUSAN TE$NI$ $IMIA POLITE$NI$ NEGERI BANDUNG
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BAB I PENDAULUAN I-" La%ar Bela$an.
Di ,a!a& in,*tri t"r,a'at "raai &a6a& 'r%" ,"nan &"n*na(an !*i,a a. Unt*( &"&'"r!an6ar 'r%"7 !*i,a a t"r"*t ,ia!ir(an &"n*na(an "*a# a!at. $%&'r"%r7 an ,an !%"r 8an &"r*'a(an a!at *nt*( &"ntran'%rtai(an a 8an "rin ,i*na(an. 9an7 !%"r ,an (%&'r"%r ,i",a(an %!"# &"t%," 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"n"ra(an *,ara7 ,an %!"# t"(anan iti& %'"rain8a. T#" A&"ri6an S%6i"t8 % M"6#ani6a! Enin""r )ASME+ &"n*na(an rai% '"ii(7 8ait* rai% t"(anan '"n"!*aran t"r#a,a' t"(anan #ia'7 *nt*( &"n,"inii(an an7 !%"r7 ,an (%&'r"%r )!i#at Ta"! Ta"! 1+. Ta/el Ta/el "- Per/edaan an%ara Fan, Blower dan Kompresor
Per/and&n.an Spes&0&$ Fan Blower Kompresor
Sa&'ai 1711 1711 1720 ; 1720
Kena&$an Te Te$anan $anan *mmW.+ 11- 11- 20 <
S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
I- T'1'an 1'an 1. M"&a#a&i M"&a#a&i aian<ai aian<aian an '"ntin '"ntin ,ari ,ari 6%&'r" 6%&'r"%r7 %r7 an ,an ,an !%"r !%"r 2. Da'at &"n*rai &"n*rai(an (an ,an &"rana( &"rana(ai ai ("&a!i ("&a!i *nit *nit 6%&'r"%r 6%&'r"%r77 an ,an ,an !%"r !%"r -. M"na&ar(an M"na&ar(an ("&a ("&a a!at a!at 'a,a aian aian '"ntin '"ntin ,ari ,ari - )tia+ )tia+ ara# ara# 8an 8an "r",a "r",a 4. M"n"t M"n"ta#*i a#*i &"t%," &"t%," '"ra '"raata atan n ,an '"ra '"rai(a i(an n
BAB TIN2AUAN PUSTAKA -" Kompresor
$%&'r" $%&'r"%r %r "r*n "r*ni i *nt*( *nt*( &"&an &"&an(it (it(an/ (an/&"n &"n#a #ai!( i!(an an *,ara *,ara "rt"( "rt"(anan anan ,"nan ,"nan 6ara 6ara &"n#ia' &"n#ia' ,an &"&a&'at(an &"&a&'at(an *,ara t"r"*t ("&*,ian ,ii&'an ,ii&'an ,i ,a!a& tan(i *,ara ("&'a *nt*( ,i*'!ai ("'a,a '"&a(ai )it"& 'n"*&ati(+. $%&'r"%r ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan ta*n *nt*( &"n8i &"n8i&' &'an an *,ara *,ara "rt "rt"( "(an anan7 an7 "#i "#in na a *,ar *,araa ,a'at ,a'at &"n6a &"n6a'ai 'ai =*&!a =*&!a# # ,an ,an t"(an t"(anan an 8an 8an ,i'"r!*(an. ,i'"r!*(an. Ta*n Ta*n *,ara "rt"(anan 'a,a (%&'r"%r (%&'r"%r ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan (at*' '"na&an7 i!a t"(anan *,aran8a &"!"i#i ("t"nt*an7 &a(a (at*' '"na&an a(an t"r*(a "6ara %t%&ati. -"-" Klas&0&$as& Kompresor
S"6a S"6ara ra ari ari "ar "ar (%&'r (%&'r" "%r %r ,a'a ,a'att ,i(! ,i(!a ai ii( i(a ai( i(an an &"n=a &"n=a,i ,i ,*a ,*a ai aian7 an7 8ait 8ait* * Positive Displacement compressor ,an Dynamic ,an Dynamic compressor )T*r%+. Positive )T*r%+. Positive Displacement compressor 7 t"r, t"r,ir irii
,ari ,ari Reciprocating Reciprocating ,an Rotary ,an Rotary77
",a ",an n(a (an n Dynamic
compressor
)t*r )t*r%+ %+
t"r, t"r,ir irii
,ari Centrifugal 7 axial ,an ejector 7 "6ara !"n(a' ,a'at ,i!i#at ,ari (!aii(ai ,i aa# ini:
Gam/ar " Klas&0&$as& Kompresor 3S*&"r : in"!"6tr%ni6.!%'%t.6%&7 in"!"6tr%ni6.!%'%t.6%&7 2001
A. $%&'r" $%&'r"%r %r P%it P%iti>" i>" Di'! Di'!a6"&"nt a6"&"nt $%&' $%&'r" r"% %rr Positive Displacement a,a!a# a,a!a# (%&'r" (%&'r"%r %r 8an 8an &"n#a &"n#ai! i!(an (an *,ara *,ara "rt"(anan tini ,"nan =a!an &"n*r*n(an "ar >%!*&". J"ni<="ni ,ari (%&'r"%r positive displacement, 8ait* : 1+ $%&'r"%r $%&'r"%r T%ra( T%ra( )R"6i' )R"6i'r%6ati r%6atin n ?%&'r" ?%&'r"%r+ %r+ Di ,a!a& ,a!a& in,*t in,*tri7 ri7 (%&'r" (%&'r"%r %r r"6i'r% r"6i'r%6at 6atin in 'a!in 'a!in an8a( an8a( ,i*na ,i*na(an (an *nt*( *nt*( &"n(%&'r"i ai( *,ara &a*'*n r"ri"rant. Prini' ("r=an8a "'"rti '%&'a "'",a ,"nan (ara(t"riti( (ara(t"riti( ,i&ana a!iran ("!*ar t"ta' #a&'ir (%ntan 'a,a (iaran (iaran t"(anan t"(anan '"n"!*aran t"rt"nt*. J*a7 (a'aita (%&'r"%r 'r%'%ri%na! !an*n t"r#a,a' ("6"'atan. $"!*arann8a7 "'"rti ,"n8*tan. $%&'r"%r $%&'r"%r r"6i'r%6atin r"6i'r%6atin t"r",ia t"r",ia ,a!a& "raai (%ni*rai (%ni*rai@@ t"r,a'at t"r,a'at "&'at ="ni 8an 'a!in an8a( ,i*na(an 8ait* #%ri3%nta!7 >"rti6a!7 #%ri3%nta! a!an6" %''% %''%", ",7, 7,an an tan, tan,"& "&.. J"ni J"ni (%&' (%&'r" r"% %rr r"6i r"6i'r 'r%6a %6ati tin n >"rt >"rti6 i6a! a! ,i* ,i*na( na(an an *nt*( *nt*( (a'aita antara 50 150 6&. $%&'r"%r #%ri%nta! a!an6" %''%", ,i*na(an 'a,a (a'aita antara 200 5000 6& *nt*( ,"ain &*!tita#a' ,an a&'ai 107000 6& *nt*( ,"ain at* ta#a' )D"an Pr%,*(ti>ita Nai%na!71-+. $%&'r $%&'r" "%r %r *,ar *,araa r"6i r"6i'r 'r%6a %6ati tin n ia iaan8 an8aa &"r* &"r*'a 'a(a (an n a(i a(i t*n t*na! a! ,i&a ,i&ana na '"n"(anan ,i!a(*(an #an8a &"n*na(an at* ii ,ari 'it%n. $%&'r"%r 8an "("r=a &"n*na(an ,*a ii 'it%n ,i"*t "aai a(i an,a.S"*a# (%&'r"%r ,ian ,iana' a' "aa "aaii (%&'r" (%&'r"%r %r at* at* ta#a' ta#a' =i(a =i(a (""!* (""!*r*# r*#an an '"n"(an '"n"(anan an ,i!a(*( ,i!a(*(an an &"n*na(an at* i!in,"r ata* ""ra'a i!in,"r 8an 'ara!!"!.
Gam/ar Penampan. Mel&n%an. Kompresor Re4&pro4a%&n. S'm/er 5 www-4)em6&s6%r(-or., !!7
2+ $%&'r" $%&'r"%r %r R%tar R%tarii )R%tar8 )R%tar8 ?%&'r" ?%&'r"% %r+ r+
$%&'r"%r r%tar8 &"r*'a(an (%&'r"%r (%ntin8*7 ,"nan 'a("t 8an *,a# t"r&a*( '"n,inin *,ara ata* '"n,inin air. $%&'r"%r ini &"&'*n8ai r%t%r "aai '"nanti 'it%n ,an &"&"ri(an '"n"!*aran *,ara "6ara (%ntin8* tan'a ,"n8*tan. $%&'r"%r "r%'"rai 'a,a ("6"'atan tini ,an *&*&n8a &"n#ai!(an ("!*aran
a.
8an !"i# tini ,ian,in(an (%&'r"%r r"6i'r%6atin. J"ni<="ni ,ari (%&'r"%r r%tar87 8ait* : $%&'r"%r S6r" )S"(r*'+ $%&'r"%r S6r" t"r&a*( ="ni (%&'r"%r '"r'in,a#an '%iti 8an t"r%!%n &a6a& (%&'r"%r '*tar )r%tar8+. $%&'r"%r ini &"n*na(an 2 #"!i6a! 6r" 8an "r'*tar &"n#ai!(an *,ara t"r(%&'r"i. Prini' ("r=a ,ari 'a,a (%&'r"%r "(r*' "6ara *&*& a,a!a# : $%&'r"%r 6r" &"&'*n8ai "'aan r%tari "r"nt*( "(r*' 8an at* &"&'*n8ai a!*r 8an '"r&*(aann8a 6"&*n ,an 8an at* '"r&*(aann8a 6"(*n. Paanan r%tar ini "r'*tar ,a!a& ara# a!in "r!aanan "'"rti "'aan r%,a ii "'"rti ,i'"r!i#at(an 'a,a a&ar ,iaa# ini.
Gam/ar 8 Kompresor S4rew *Se$r'p+
S*&"r : %nn8a'ri8a#an,a.6%&7 2012
$"!"i#an $%&'r"%r S"(r*'
U,ara t"(an 8an ,i#ai!(an ,"nan (%&'r"%r &"&'*n8ai ""ra'a ("!"i#an ,ian,in(an ,"nan !itri( ,an t"naa #i,r%!i( ,a!a& #a!<#a! "ri(*t ini : 1+ $%ntr*(in8a ,an %'"rai &"in "rta ai!itan8a a,a!a# anat ","r#ana.
2+ P"&"!i#araan ,an '"&"ri(aan &"in ,an '"ra!atan ,a'at ,i!a(*(an ,"nan &*,a#. -+ En"ri ,a'at ,ii&'an . 4+ $"%6%ran *,ara 8an ,a'at t"r=a,i ti,a( &"&a#a8a(an ,an ti,a( &"ni&*!(an '"n6"&aran. b. Rotary vane compressor $%&'r"%r ini &"n*na(an >an" ata* !a," 'a,a ii r%t%r. U,ara 8an &a*( ,ari ii in!"t a(an ,i(%&'r"i %!"# *,*t<*,*t 8an "r'*tar ,i ,a!a& 6ain &"n*=* ii %*t!"t.
Gam/ar 9 Kompresor Ro%ar( :ane
S*&"r : %nn8a'ri8a#an,a.6%&7 2012
6. Scroll compressor $%&'r"%r ini &"n*na(an 2 >an" 8an "r"nt*( 'ira!7 8an '%ii (",*an8a ti,a( "=a=ar.
Gam/ar # Kompresor S4roll
S*&"r : %nn8a'ri8a#an,a.6%&7 2012
B. D8na&i6 )T*r%+ $%&'r"%r ,ina&i( a,a!a# (%&'r"%r 8an &"n*na(an i&'"!!"r ata* >an" "r'*tar *nt*( &"nin(at(an ("6"'atan ,an 'r"*r" ,ari !*i,a )a+. $%&'r"%r ini &"n#ai!(an *,ara (%&'r"%r 8an "ar 'a,a t"(anan r"n,a#. J"ni<="ni ,ari (%&'r"%r ,8na&i6 )t*r%+ 8ait* : 1+ Centrifugal Compressor $%&'r"%r "ntri*a! &"r*'a(an (%&'r"%r ,ina&i 8an t"rant*n 'a,a tran"r ,ari "n"r8 '*tar i&'"!!"r (" *,ara. R%t%r &"!a(*(an '"("r=aan ini ,"nan &"n*a# "n"r8 (in"ti6 &"n=a,i t"(anan *,ara. Prini' ("r=a (%&'r"%r ini &"n*na(an 'rini' a8a "ntri*a! 8ait* *,ara &a*( &"!a!*i ii in!"t ,i t"na#< t"na# (%&'r"%r7 !a!* &"!"ati i&'"!!"r 8an "r'*tar ,an &"!"ati volute casing ""!*& ("!*ar &"n*=* %*t!"t (%&'r"%r. ?%nt%# '"n*naan (%&'r"%r "ntri*a! antar !ain 'a,a &"in ="t7 t*rin a7 *'"r6#ar"r ,an t*r%6#ar"r 'a,a &"in ,i"!7 '"r*a#aan (i&ia7 air conditioning ,an r"ri"rat%r7 ,an !ain "aain8a.
Gam/ar ; Kompresor Sen%r&0'.al
S*&"r : %nn8a'ri8a#an,a.6%&7 2012
2+ Axial Compressor $%&'r"%r ini t"r,iri ata !a," 8an "r'*tar 'a,a r%t%r ,an !a," 8an ,ia& ,i ii tat%r. $%&'r"%r ini &"n*na(an a8a aia! ,"nan a!iran *,ara 8an "ara# ,"nan *&* '%r%.
Gam/ar < Kompresor A=&al
S*&"r : "n.i(i'",ia.%r7 2012
3 !jector E="6t%r &"r*'a(an '"ra!atan 8an ","r#ana 8an &"n*na(an a!iran !*i,a ="t "rt"(anan anat tini *nt*( &"&a&'at(an )6%&'r"+ a. P"ra!atan "'"rti ini an8a( ,i*na(an *nt*( a'!i(ai >a6**& )#a&'a+.
Gam/ar > E1e4%or
S*&"r : .6ri,.6%&
Ta/le " Per/and&n.an An%ar Kompresor
I%em
Re4&pro4a%&n .
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S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
-"- Komponen Kompresor a. $"ran(a )ra&"+ 9*ni *ta&a a,a!a# *nt*( &"n,*(*n "!*r*# "an ,an "r*ni =*a "aai
t"&'at (",*,*(an anta!an7 '%r% "n(%!7 i!in,"r ,an t"&'at '"na&'*nan &in8a( '"!*&a.
Gam/ar 7 Keran.$a Kompresor
S*&"r : &aint"nan6"<r%*'.!%'%t.6%&7 2010
. Batan '"n#**n )6%nn"6tin r%,+ B"r*ni &"n"r*(an a8a ,ari '%r% "n(%! (" atan t%ra( &"!a!*i ("'a!a i!an7 atan '"n#**n #ar* (*at ,an ta#an "n(%( "#ina &a&'* &"na#an "an 'a,a aat (%&'r"i.
Gam/ar "! Ba%an. Pen.)'/'n.
S*&"r : &aint"nan6"<r%*'.!%'%t.6%&7 2010
6. $"'a!a i!an )6r% #"a,+ B"r*ni &"n"r*(an a8a ,ari atan '"n#**n (" atan t%ra(. $"'a!a i!an ,a'at &"!*n6*r 'a,a anta!an !*n6*rn8a.
Gam/ar "" Kepala S&lan.
S*&"r : &aint"nan6"<r%*'.!%'%t.6%&7 2010
,. Si!in,"r )68!in,"r+ Si!in,"r &"&'*n8ai "nt*( i!in,ri ,an &"r*'a(an "=ana (",a' *,ara ,i&ana t%ra( "r"ra( %!a(<a!i( *nt*( &"nia' ,an &"&a&'at(an *,ara. B"r*ni "aai t"&'at (",*,*(an !in"r i!in,"r ,an at"r =a6("t. Si!in,"r #ar* (*at &"na#an "an t"(anan 8an a,a. Si!in,"r *nt*( t"(anan (*ran ,ari 50 (/6&2 )4. M'a+ 'a,a *&*n8a &"n*na(an "i 6%r "aai a#an i!in,"rn8a. Baian ,a!a& i!in,"r ,i'"r#a!* "a 6in6in t%ra( a(an &"!*n6*r 'a,a '"r&*(aan ,a!a& i!in,"r. Din,in aian !*ar i!in,"r ,i"ri iri'<iri'
*nt*( &"&'"r!*a '"r&*(aan
"#ina !"i# 6"'at/(*at &"&an6ar(an 'ana 8an ti&*! ,ari 'r%" (%&'r"i ,i ,a!a& i!in,"r. $%&'r"%r ,"nan '"n,inin air ,i'"r!"n(a'i ,"nan "!**n air ,i ,in,in !*ar i!in,"r.
Gam/ar " S&l&nder
S*&"r : &aint"nan6"<r%*'.!%'%t.6%&7 2010
". Lin"r i!in,"r )68!in,"r !in"r+ B"r*ni "aai !intaan "ra(an 'it%n t%ra( aat &"!a(*(an 'r%" "('ani7 '"&a*(an7 (%&'r"i7 ,an '"n"!*aran. . 9r%nt an, r"ar 68!in,"r 6%>"r M"r*'a(an t*t*' i!in,"r aian #"a, "n,/r%nt 6%>"r ,an aian 6ran( "n,/r"ar 6%>"r 8an "r*ni *nt*( &"na#an a/*,ara *'a8a ti,a( ("!*ar i!in,"r . Cat"r Ja6("t A,a!a# r*anan ,a!a& i!in,"r *nt*( "rir(*!ai air "aai '"n, inin #. T%ra( )'it%n+
T%ra( &"r*'a(an (%&'%n"n 8an "t*a *nt*( S"aai "!"&"n 8an &"n#an,"! a/*,ara 'a,a 'r%" '"&a*(an )*6ti%n+7 (%&'r"i )6%&'r"i%n+ ,an '"n"!*aran ),i6#ar"+7 "#ina t%ra( #ar* (*at &"na#an t"(anan ,an 'ana. T%ra( =*a #ar* ,i*at "rinan &*n(in *nt*( &"n*rani a8a in"ria ,an "taran.
Gam/ar "8 P&s%on
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ariai t"rant*n '"r",aan t"(anan ii ata ,an ii aa# t%ra(. P"&a(aian 2 .,. 4 6in6in t%ra( iaan8a ,i'a(ai 'a,a (%&'r"%r ,"nan t"(anan (*ran ,ari 10 (/6&2.
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P%r% En(%! )?ran( S#at+ ,an Batan T%ra( )'it%n r%,+ P%r% "n(%! ,an atan t%ra( &"&'*n8ai *ni *ta&a *nt*( &"n*a# "ra(an '*tar &"n=a,i "ra( %!a(<a!i(. S"6ara (%ntr*(i7 '%r% "n(%! ,an atan t%ra( (%&'r"%r #a&'ir a&a ,"nan 8an t"r,a'at 'a,a &%t%r a(ar. U=*n '%r% "n(%! "r#**nan ,"nan tran&ii ,a8a ,ari *&"r '"n"ra(. P%r% "n(%! ,an atan t%ra( iaa t"r*at ,ari a=a t"&'a. S"6ara '"ii(7 '%r% "n(%! "r*ni &"n*a# "ra( "r'*tar )r%tai+ &"n=a,i "ra( !*r* %!a( a!i( )tran!ai+",an(an atan t%ra( "r*ni &"n"r*(an a8a ,ari ("'a!a i!an (" t%ra(.
Gam/ar "9 Poros En.$ol *?ran$ S)a0%+
S*&"r : &aint"nan6"<r%*'.!%'%t.6%&7 2010
Gam/ar "# Ba%an. Tora$ *P&s%on Rod+
S*&"r : &aint"nan6"<r%*'.!%'%t.6%&7 2010
(. ?in6in P"na#an Ga )'a6(in r%,+ B"r*ni &"na#an ("%6%ran a a(iat a,an8a 6"!a# )6!"aran6"+ antara aian 8an "r"ra( )atan t%ra(+ ,"nan aian 8an ,ia& )i!in,"r+. ?in6in '"na#an a ini t"r,iri ,ari ""ra'a rin "&"nt.
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Rin Oi! S6ra'"r B"r*ni *nt*( &"n6"a# ("%6%ran &in8a( '"!*&a 'a,a ra&". &. $at*' (%&'r"%r )6%&'r"%r >a!>"+ B"r*ni *nt*( &"nat*r '"&a*(an ,an '"n"!*aran a/*,ara7 (",a!a& ata* ("!*ar i!in,"r. $at*' ini ,a'at "("r=a &"&*(a ,an &"n*t*' "n,iri a(iat a,an8a '"r",aan t"(anan 8an t"r=a,i antara aian ,a!a& ,"nan aian !*ar i!in,"r. J"ni<="ni (at*' 8an iaa ,i*na(an a,a!a# ="ni (at*' 'ita7 (at*' 6in6in7 (at*' (ana! ,an (at*' ("'a(.
Gam/ar "; Kon%r'$s& Ka%'p P&%a S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
Gam/ar "< Kon%r'$s& Ka%'p ?&n4&n S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
Gam/ar "> Kon%r'$s& Ka%'p Kanal S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
Gam/ar "7 Kon%r'$s& Ka%'p Kepa$ S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
n. P"ra!atan P"&ant* Unt*( ,a'at "("r=a ,"nan "&'*rna7 (%&'r"%r ,i'"r!"n(a'i ,"nan ""ra'a '"ra!atan '"&ant* 8an antara !ain a,a!a# "aai "ri(*t : )1+ Sarinan *,ara Ji(a *,ara 8an ,iia' (%&'r"%r &"nan,*n an8a( ,"* &a(a i!in,"r ,an 6in6in t%ra( a(an 6"'at a* a#(an ,a'at t"ra(ar. $ar"na it* (%&'r"%r #ar* ,i'"r!"n(a'i ,"nan arinan *,ara 8an ,i'aan 'a,a ii ia'n8a. Sarinan 8an an8a( ,i'a(ai aat ini t"r,iri ,ari ta*n
Gam/ar ! Sar&n.an Udara S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
)2+ $at*' '"na&an $at*' '"na&an #ar* ,i'aan 'a,a 'i'a ("!*ar ,ari "tia' tin(at (%&'r"%r. $at*' ini #ar* &"&*(a ,an &"&*an *,ara (" !*ar =i(a t"(anan &"!"i#i 172 (a!i t"(anan n%r&a! &a(i&*& ,ari (%&'r"%r. P"n"!*aran *,ara #ar* "r#"nti "6ara t"'at =i(a t"(anan *,a# ("&a!i anat ,"(at 'a,a t"(anan n%r&a! &a(i&*&.
Gam/ar " Ka%'p Pen.aman S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
)-+ Tan(i *,ara Tan(i *,ara ,i'a(ai *nt*( &"n8i&'an *,ara t"(an aar a'ai!a a,a ("*t*#an *,ara t"(an 8an "r*a#<*a# =*&!a#n8a ,a'at ,i!a8ani ,"nan !an6ar. Da!a& #a! (%&'r"%r t%ra( ,i &ana *,ara ,i("!*ar(an "6ara "r!*(t*ai7 tan(i *,ara a(an &"&'"r#a!*a!iran. S"!ain it*7 *,ara 8an ,ii&'an ,i ,a!a& tan(i *,ara a(an &"na!a&i '"n,ininan "6ara '"!an<'"!an ,an *a' air 8an &"n"&*n ,a'at t"r(*&'*! ,i ,aar tan(i *nt*( "a(t*<a(t* ,i*an. D"nan ,"&i(ian *,ara 8an ,ia!*r(an (" '"&a(ai "!ain *,a# ,inin7 =*a ti,a( !"&a.
Gam/ar Un&% Kompresor den.an Tan.$& Udara S*&"r : #a&i&n%>a.i!".%r,'r".6%&7 2004
)4+ P"ra!atan P"&ant* $%&'r"%r *nt*( ("'"r!*an<("'"r!*an (#** "rin ,i!"n(a'i '"ra!atan ant* antara !ain : '"r",a& *n8i7 '"n,inin a(#ir7 '"n"rin7 &"nara '"n,inin ,an "aain8a "*ai ,"nan ("*t*#an '"ii( 8an ,i*t*#(an it"&. )5+ P"ra!atan '"na&an 8an !ain $%&'r"%r =*a &"&i!i(i a!at
<
A!at '"n*n=*( t"&'"rat*r ,an r"!" t#"r&a! )t"&'"rat*r *,ara ("!*ar7 t"&'"rat*r *,ara &a*(7 t"&'"rat*r air '"n,inin7 t"&'"rat*r &in8a( ,an t"&'"rat*r
anta!an+. < R"!" a!iran air )&"n,"t"(i a!iran 8an "r(*ran/"r#"nti+.
- Fan dan Blower
Ha&'ir ("an8a(an 'ari( &"n*na(an an ,an !%"r *nt*( >"nti!ai ,an *nt*( 'r%" in,*tri 8an &"&"r!*(an a!iran *,ara. 9an "6ara !*a ,i*na(an ,i in,*tri ,an '"na'!i(aian (%&"ria! "'"rti >"nti!ai7 &at"ria! #an,!in7 %i!"r7 r"ri"rai7 ,*t 6%!!"6ti%n7 a'!i(ai '"n,inin ,an !ainn8a. Pa,a in,*tri7 an 'a,a *&*&n8a ,i*na(an *nt*( 'a%(an >"nti!ai ata* *,ara '"&a(aran7 *nt*( &"nir(*!ai *,ara ata* a !ainn8a &"!"ati a!at ,an *nt*( &"n"!*ar(an *,ara ata* a !ainn8a ,ari a!at. S",an(an !%"r 8an &"r*'a(an &"in ata* a!at 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"nai((an ata* &"&'"r"ar t"(anan *,ara ata* a 8an a(an ,ia!ir(an ,a!a& *at* r*anan t"rt"nt* =*a "aai '"nia'an ata* '"&>a(*&an *,ara ata* a t"rt"nt*. Biaan8a 'a,a in,*tri (i&ia7 a!at ini ,i*na(an *nt*( &"nir(*!ai(an a<a t"rt"nt* ,i ,a!a& ta#a' 'r%"<'r%" "6ara (i&iai ,i("na! ,"nan na&a %%t"r ata* 6ir6*!at%r. Bi!a *nt*( ("'"r!*an (#**7 !%"r (a,an (a,an ,i"ri na&a !ain &ia!n8a *nt*( ("'"r!*an a ,ari ,a!a& %>"n (*!(a ,i"*t ,"nan na&a "#%*t"r. B!%"r ,a'at =*a ,i*na(an *nt*( &"n#ai!(an t"(anan n"ati *nt*( it"& >a(*& ,i in,*tri. B!%"r ,a'at &"n6a'ai t"(anan 8an !"i# tini ,ari'a,a an7 a&'ai 1720 (/6&2. --" Klas&0&$as& --"-" Klas&0&$as& Fan
S"6ara *&*&7 an ,iai &"n=a,i 2 ="ni 8ait* : a. 9an "ntri*a! &"n*na(an i&'"!"r "r'*tar *nt*( &"n"ra(an a!iran *,ara. . 9an a(ia! &"n"ra(an a!iran *,ara "'an=an *&* an. A- Fan Sen%r&0'.al
9an "ntri*a! &"nin(at(an ("6"'atan a!iran *,ara ,"nan i&'"!"r "r'*tar. $"6"'atan &"nin(at a&'ai &"n6a'ai *=*n blades ,an ("&*,ian ,i*a# ("
t"(anan. 9an ini &a&'* &"n#ai!(an t"(anan tini 8an 6%6%( *nt*( (%n,ii %'"rai 8an (aar7 "'"rti iti& ,"nan *#* tini7 a!iran *,ara (%t%r ata* !"&a7 ,an "andling a#an. 9an "ntri*a! ,i(at"%ri(an "r,aar(an "nt*( bladen8a.
Gam/ar 8 Fan Sen%r&0'.al
S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
J"ni<="ni ,ari an "ntri*a!7 8ait* : 1+ 9an ra,ia! ,"nan !a," ,atar
Gam/ar 9 Fan rad&al den.an /lade da%ar S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
$"*nt*nan : ?%6%( *nt*( t"(anan tati tini )a&'ai1400 &&C?+ ,an *#* tini. • Ran6anann8a ","r#ana "#ina ,a'at ,i'a(ai *nt*( *nit '"n*naan • • •
(#** Da'at "r%'"rai 'a,a a!iran *,ara 8an r"n,a# tan'a &aa!a# "taran Sanat ta#an !a&a
$"r*ian : Han8a 6%6%( *nt*( !a=* a!iran *,ara r"n,a# a&'ai &",i*& •
2+ 9an 8an &"!"n(*n (" ,"'an ,"nan !a," 8an &"!"n(*n (" ,"'an
Gam/ar # Fan den.an /lade melen.$'n. S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
$"*nt*nan : Da'at &"n"ra(an >%!*& *,ara 8an "ar t"r#a,a' t"(anan 8an r"!ati>" • • •
r"n,a#. U(*rann8a r"!ati ("6i! Tin(at ("iinann8a r"n,a# ),i"a(an r"n,a#n8a ("6"'atan+ ,an anat
6%6%( *nt*( ,i*na(an *nt*( '"&anaan '"r*&a#an7 >"nti!ai $"r*ian : Han8a 6%6%( *nt*( !a8anan '"n*naan 8an "ri#7 *(an *nt*( !a8anan • • •
•
(aar ,an "rt"(anan tini. $"!*aran an *!it *nt*( ,iat*r "6ara t"'at. P"n"ra( #ar* ,i'i!i# "6ara #ati<#ati *nt*( &"n#in,ar(an "an &%t%r "r!"i# "a (*r>a ,a8a &"nin(at "=a!an ,"nan a!iran *,ara. Eii"ni "n"rin8a r"!ati>" r"n,a# )55<5+
-+ #ac$%ard inclined fan, ,"nan !a," 8an &irin =a*# ,ari ara# '"r'*taran )="ni !a," : ,atar7 !"n(*n ,an air%i!+
Gam/ar ; Ba4$ward &n4l&ned 0an
S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
$"*nt*nan : Da'at "r%'"rai ,"nan '"r*a#an t"(anan tati )aa!(an "ann8a ti,a( • • •
"r!"i# (" &%t%r+. ?%6%( *nt*( iti& 8an ti,a( &"n"nt* 'a,a a!iran *,ara tini 9an ,"nan blade ,atar !"i# (*at7 ,"nan blades !"n(*n !"i# "ii"n )&"!"i#i 5+7 ,"nan blades air&foil 8an ti'i a,a!a# 8an 'a!in "ii"n
$"r*ian : Ti,a( 6%6%( *nt*( a!iran *,ara 8an (%t%r )(ar"na "nt*( an &"n,*(*n • •
t"r=a,in8a '"n*&'*(an ,"*+ 9an ,"nan blades air&foil 8an ti'i a(an &"n=a,i aaran "r%i ,an (*ran tai! (ar"na &"nan,a!(an 'a,a '"nan(atan 8an ,i#ai!(an %!"# tia' blade.
B- Fan A=&al
9an a!iran a(ia! ,iran6an *nt*( &"nanani !a=* a!ir 8an anat tini ,an t"(anan r"n,a#. 9an a(ia! &"n"ra(an a!iran *,ara "'an=an *&* an. ?ara ("r=a an "'"rti i&'"!"r '"aat t"ran: blades an &"n#ai!(an '"nan(atan a"r%,ina&i 8an &"n"(an *,ara. 9an ini t"r("na! ,i in,*tri (ar"na &*ra#7 "nt*(n8a 8an (%&'a( ,an rinan.
Gam/ar < Fan A=&al S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
J"ni<="ni ,ari an aia!7 8ait* : 1+ 9an 'r%'"!!"r
Gam/ar > Fan Propeller S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
$"*nt*nan : M"n#ai!(an !a=* a!iran *,ara 8an tini 'a,a t"(anan r"n,a# • Ti,a( &"&*t*#(an a!*ran ("r=a 8an !*a )"a t"(anan 8an • ,i#ai!(ann8a ("6i!+ M*ra# "a (%ntr*(in8a 8an ","r#ana • $"r*ian : Eii"ni "n"rin8a r"!ati>" r"n,a# • Aa( "rii( • 2+ 9an 'i'a a(ia!7 'a,a ,aarn8a &"r*'a(an an 'r%'"!!"r 8an ,it"&'at(an ,i aian ,a!a& i!in,"r
Gam/ar 7 Fan P&pa A$s&al S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
$"*nt*nan : T"(anan !"i# tini ,an "ii"ni %'"rain8a !"i# ai( ,ari'a,a an • •
'r%'"!!"r M"n6i'ta(an t"(anan 8an 6*(*' *nt*( &"natai ("#i!anan ,i a!*ran ,"nan r*an 8an r"!ati "ii"n7 8an "r*na *nt*( '"&*anan
$"r*ian : R"!ati &a#a! •
•
$"iinan a!iran *,ara ",an
-+ 9an ,"nan a!in<a!in a(ia!
Gam/ar 8! Vane Axial Fan S*&"r : ."n"r8"i6i"n68aia.%r7 200
$"*nt*nan : ?%6%( *nt*( '"n*naan t"(anan ",an a&'ai tini )a&'ai 500 • •
&&C?+7 "'"rti induced draft *nt*( '"&*anan %i!"r Da'at ,"nan 6"'at ,i'"r6"'at a&'ai (" ni!ai ("6"'atan t"rt"nt* ),i"a(an '*taran &aan8a 8an r"n,a#+ ,an &"n#ai!(an a!iran 'a,a ara#
•
"r!aanan7 8an "r*na ,a!a& "raai '"n*naan >"nti!ai $"an8a(an "n"rin8a "ii"n )&"n6a'ai 5 =i(a ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan an airfoil ,an =ara( r*an 8an ("6i!+
$"r*ian : R"!ati &a#a! ,ian,in an i&'"!!"r --"- Klas&0&$as& Blower A- Blower Sen%r&0'.al
B!%"r "ntri*a! t"r!i#at !"i# "'"rti '%&'a "ntri*a! ,ari'a,a an. I&'"!"rn8a ,i"ra(an %!"# ir ,an "r'*tar 15.000 r'&. Pa,a !%"r &*!ti%!*&
*,ara 8an &anta'. O!"# (ar"na it*7 a!at ini "rin ,i*na(an *nt*( '"n"ra'an it"& 8an 6"n,"r*n ti,a( t"r=a,i '"n8*&atan.
Dari "nt*( *,*t )!a,"+ i&'"!!"r a,a 2 ="ni !%"r 8ait* : a+ 9%rar, ?*r>", B!a," 9%rar, ?*r>", a,a!a# "nt*( !a," 8an ara# !"n(*nan aian *=*n t"r'aan ,iata "ara# ,"nan '*taran r%,a.
Pa,a %rar, 6*r>", t"r,a'at
**nan !a," "6ara 'ara!"! )&*!ti !a,"+ ("!i!in #r%*,. $ar"na "nt*(n8a7 &a(a 'a,a ="ni ini *,ara ata* a &"nina!(an !a," ,"nan ("6"'atan 8an tini "#ina &"&'*n8ai ,i6#ar" >"!%6it8 8an tini ,an "t"!a# &"!a!*i #%*in 6r%!! "#ina ,i'"r%!"# "n"ri '%t"nia! 8an "ar.
Gam/ar 8" Forward ?'r@ed Blade S*&"r : r"'%it%r8.**.a6.i,
+ Ba6(ar, ?*r>", B!a,". T8'" ini &"&'*n8ai **nan !a," 8an a&a ,"nan %rar, 6*r>", !a,"7 #an8a ara# ,an *,*t !a," a(an &"&'*n8ai *,*t 8an %'ti&*& ,an &"r*a# "n"ri (in"ti( (" "n"ri '%t"nia! )t"(anan "6ara !an*n+. B!%"r ini ,i,aar(an 'a,a ("6"'atan ",an7 a(an t"ta'i &"&i!i(i ran" t"(anan ,an >%!*&" 8an !"ar "#ina &"&*at ="ni ini anat "ii"n *nt*( >"nti!at%r.
Gam/ar 8 Ba4$ward ?'r@ed Blade S*&"r : r"'%it%r8.**.a6.i,
$"t"ranan Ga&ar 21 ,an Ga&ar 22 :
1. S#r%*, 2. H* )'*at+ -. B!a," )i!a# / 'ia*+ 6+ Ra,ia! B!a," Di ,a!a& '"&a(aiann8a ,iran6an *nt*( t"(anan tati 8an tini 'a,a (a'aita 8an ("6i!.
Na&*n ,"&i(ian '"r("&anan aat ini ="ni "nt*(
ra,ia! !a," ,i*at '"!a8anan t"(anan ,an ("6"'atan '*taran tini.
Gam/ar 88 Rad&al Blade Blower S*&"r : .'""r!"!%"r.6%&7 2000
B- Blower Pos&%&@e D&spla4emen%
B!%"r ="ni positive displacement &"&i!i(i r%t%r7 8an &"n="a( *,ara ,an &"n,%r%nn8a &"!a!*i r*&a# !%"r. B!%"r ini &"n8",ia(an >%!*& *,ara 8an (%ntan a#(an =i(a t"(anan it"&n8a "r>ariai. ?%6%( ,i*na(an *nt*( it"& 8an 6"n,"r*n t"r=a,i '"n8*&atan7 (ar"na ,a'at &"n#ai!(an t"(anan 8an 6*(*' )iaan8a a&'ai &"n6a'ai 1725 (/6&2+ *nt*( &"n#"&* a#an<a#an 8an &"n8*&at a&'ai t"r"a. M"r"(a "r'*tar !"i# '"!an ,ari'a,a !%"r "ntri*a! )-.00 r'&+ ,an "rin(a!i ,i"ra((an ,"nan belt *nt*( &"&ai!itai '"r*a#an ("6"'atan. J"ni '%iti>" ,i'!a6"&"nt !%"r 8an "rin ,i*na(an a,a!a# r%tar8 !%"r )!%"r r%tar8+ 8ait* : a+ Fan" B!%"r Pa,a *&*&n8a ,i*na(an *nt*( (a'aita 8an ("6i! ,"nan !*i,a 8an "ri#. Ditin=a* ,ari "nt*( ,an 6ara ("r=a "!"&"n i&'"!"r >an" !%"r ,iai &"n=a,i ,*a t8'" 8ait* : S!an,in >an" ,an 9!"(i"! >an".
•
S!an,in >an" a,a!a# i&'"!!"r 8an "r'*tar t"r,a'at *at* &"(ani&" 8an ,a'at "r"ra( !a,in ) ("!*ar &a*( + ,i,a!a&n8a ,an !a3i& ,i"*t >an". $ar"na "ra(an i&'"!!"r "("ntri( t"r#a,a' 6ain &a(a t"r=a,i!a# '"r*a#an r*an ,i&ana *,ara ata* a ,ia!ir(an %!"# >an" t"r"*t. J*&!a# >an" *nt*( at* !%"r "r>ariai t"rant*n "arn8a (a'aita ,an t"(anan ,i6#ar"r 8an ,i#ara'(an.
•
9!"i!" >an" a,a!a# : 'a,a aian !*ar i&'"!!"r t"r,a'at iri' iri' 8an !"i!" ,an (ar"na "ra(an i&'"!!"r "("ntri( t"r#a,a' 6ain &a(a >an" a(an ,i'"r%!"# t"(anan *,ara 8an a,a ,ir*an 6ain !a!* t"(anan *,ara ata* a it* ,i'in,a#(an ("!*ar.
-- Komponen S&s%em Fan
Gam/ar 89 ?on%o) Komponen S&s%em Fan S"*a# 8t"& an (#** t"r,iri ,ari "*a# an7 &%t%r "!"(tri(7 8t"& '"n"ra(7
a!*ran ata* 'i'a7 '"ran(at 6%ntr%! a!iran7 ,an '"ra!atan '"n,inin *,ara )i!t"r7 (%i! '"n,inin7 #"at "6#an"r7 ,!!+. Siti& an ini '"ntin *nt*( &"n=aa '"("r=aan 'r%" in,*tr8. Pen..era$ U%ama $"an8a(an an ,i in,*tr8 ,i,%r%n %!"# &%t%r !itri( ar* %!a(<a!i( )A?+.
$"an8a(an &%t%r in,*(i ,i",ia(an ,"nan - a"7 240< ata* 20< >%!t !itri(. $%&'%n"n !ain ,ari '"n"ra( *ta&a a,a!a# '"n%ntr%! &%t%r )&%t%r 6%ntr%!!"r+. ?%ntr%!!"r a,a!a# &"(ani&" a(!ar 8an &"n"ri&a in8a! ,ari ran(aian ,a8a r"n,a#
)"'"rti a(!ar %n/%+ ,an &"&"ri(an "n"r8 'a,a &%t%r ,"nan "n#**n(an ata* &"!"'a(an *!*nan &%t%r (" t"anan !itri(. S%t tart"r a,a!a# '"ran(at 8an "rin ,i'aan ,"na &%t%r 6%ntr%!!"r *nt*( &"n*rani t"anan !itri( t"r(ait ,"nan tart< *' 'a,a &%t%r "ar. •
S&s%em Pen..era$ S8t"& '"n"ra( "rin &"naar(an '"!*an "ar *nt*( &"nin(at(an "ii"ni
"n"r8 ,an &"n*r*n(an ia8a 8t"& %'"rai "6ara (""!*r*#an. A,a 2 ="ni *ta&a ,ari 8t"& '"n"ra( 8ait* ,ir"6t ,ri>" ,an "!t ,ri>". G"ar ,ri>" =*a ,i*na(an t"ta'i (*ran *&*&. Da!a& 8t"& ,ir"6t ,ri>"7 an t"r'aan 'a,a '%r% &%t%r. Ini &"r*'a(an 8t"& ","r#ana 8an "ii"n ta'i &"&i!i(i !"(ii!ita (*ran "#**nan ,"nan '"n8"*aian ("6"'atan. $ar"na "aian "ar an ,i%'"rai(an ,"nan &%t%r in,*(i7 ("6"'atan r%tai ,ari an ,ir"6t ,ri>" ,iatai ,a!a& ""ra'a '"r"n ,ari ("6"'atan &%t%r in(r%n )*&*&n8a 12007 100 ,an -00 r'&+. Adjustable speed drive )ASD+ iaa ,i*na(an ,i ,a!a& ,ir"6t ,ri>" *nt*( &"nin(at(an !"(ii!ita ("6a'atan r%tai. ASD 'a,a *&*&n8a ,i*na(an *nt*( an 8an "r%'"rai 'a,a "raai (%n,ii. Pa,a an aia!7 ,ir"6t ,ri>" &"&i!i(i ""ra'a ("*nt*nan '"ntin. A'!i(ai 'a,a *#* r"n,a# ,an 8t"& *,ara 8an "ri# anat 6%6%( *nt*( ,ir"6t ,ri>". B"!t ,ri>" &"&"ri(an !"(ii!ita ,a!a& '"&i!i#an ("6"'atan (i'a. Ji(a '"r(iraan aa! a!a# ata* '"r8aratan 8t"& "r*a#7 "!t ,ri>" &"&*n(in(an !"(ii!ita ,a!a& &"n*a# ("6"'atan an. Pa,a an aia!7 "!t ,ri>" &"n=a,i ("*nt*nan ,a!a& a'!i(ai 'a,a *#* tini ata* !in(*nan 8an (%r%i. A,a ""ra'a ="ni "!t ,ri>" ,iantaran8a tan,ar, "!t7 F<"!t7 6%", F<"!t ,an 8n6#r%n%* "!t. S"6ara *&*&7 8n6#r%n%* "!t a,a!a# 8an 'a!in "ii"n (ar"na &"n*na(an ti'" &"# 8an &"&atai !i' ,an ,a'at &"n*r*n(an ia8a %'"rai. S8n6#r%n%* "!t iaan8a &"n#ai!(an ("iinan !"i# ,ari "!t !ainn8a. S",an(an7 F<"!t 'a!in "rin ,i*na(an (ar"na "ii"nin8a7 ia8a %'"rain8a 8an r"n,a#7 !"(ii!ita %'"rai ,an %'"rai 8an (*at. ?%", F<"!t 'a,a *&*&n8a &"&i!i(i "ii"ni "(itar 0<0. T"ta'i it"& ini 6"n,"r*n !"i# &a#a! ,ari'a,a a!t"rnati>" "!t ,ri>". ?%", "!t ini 6"n,"r*n &"&"r!*(an '"&"ri(aan !"i# "rin ,an !"ai# ai( ,a!a& a'!i(ai ,"nan a(" 8an anat t"rata.
D'4%wor$ dan p&p&n. Unt*( ("an8a(an 8t"& an7 *,ara ,iara#(an &"!a!*i a!*ran ata* 'i'a. U&*&n8a7
a!*ran t"r*at ,ari !"&aran !%a& ,an ,i*na(an ,a!a& 8t"& t"(anan r"n,a#7 ",an(an 'i'a 8an !"i# (*at ,i*na(an 'a,a a'!i(ai t"(anan tini. Sa!*ran 8an !"i# "ar &"n6i'ta(an r"it"ni a!iran *,ara !"i# r"n,a# ,ian,in(an a!*ran ("6i!. M"(i'*n ia8a aa! a!*ran "ar !"i# tini ,a!a& a#an ,an '"&aanan t"ta'i a(an &"n*rani ia8a "n"r8 (ar"na ""(an 8an r"n,a#. P"rti&anan !ain ,a!a& a!*ran a,a!a# "nt*( ,an tin(at ("%6%ran. Sa!*ran *!at &"&i!i(i !*a '"r&*(aan 8an !"i# ("6i! ,ian,in(an a!*ran '"r"i 'an=an "#ina ("%6%ran 8an t"r=a,i a(an "r(*ran. Da!a& !a=* *,ara 'ana ata* ,inin7 !*a '"r&*(aan ini =*a &"&'"nar*#i =*&!a# 'ana 8an ,itran"r (" !in(*nan. Peran.$a% ?on%rol Al&ran P"ran(at 6%ntr%! a!iran ini t"r,iri ,ari '"r",a& ,i aian in!"t ,an %*t!"t an "rta
a!in<a!in ,i a!*ran &a*( an. Ba!in<a!in in!"t &"n8"*ai(an %*t'*t an (" ,a!a& 2 6ara *ta&a 8ait* ,"nan 6ara &"n6i'ta(an '*aran ,a!a& a!iran *,ara 8an "r,a&'a( *,ara &"nara( !a," ata* ,"nan &"&!%(ir *,ara "(a!i* 8an &"&atai =*&!a# *,ara &a*( (" an. P*aran *,ara ini a(an &"&ant* &"n*rani t"naa an. P"r",a& ,a'at ,i*na(an *nt*( &"&!%(ir *,ara &a*( ata* ("!*ar an ,an *nt*( &"n%ntr%! a!iran *,ara ,i 6aan 8t"&. P"r",a& &"n%ntr%! a!iran *,ara ,an &"n*a# =*&!a# '"&ata ,a!a& *at* a!iran *,ara. M"nin(at(an '"&ataan &"n#ai!(an '"n*r*nan t"(anan 8an !"i# "ar ,i "!*r*# '"r",a&7 ",an(an '"n*r*nan '"&ataan a(an &"n*rani '"r",aan t"(anan ,an &"&*n(in(an a!iran *,ara !"i#. --8 Operas& Ala%
O'"rai !%"r ata* an #a&'ir a&a ,"nan %'"rai '%&'a7 a(t* &"ntart ata* &"nt%' #ar*!a# ,i6"(in t"r!"i# ,a#*!* *nt*( &"n*rani "an '"n"ra(n8a. T"ta'i #an8a at* #a! a=a 8an '"r!* ,i'"r#ati(an "!a&a '"n%'"raian7 8a(ni '"n"6"((an 8an ,i!a(*(an ""(a!i t"r#a,a' t"&'"rat*r ,an =*&!a# %i! ata* ,a'at ,i!i#at ,ari ata ("r=a / =a& ("r=an8a. O'"rai '%&'a 8an ,i&a(*, ,iata7 a(t* &"ntart ata* &"n=a!an(an a,a!a#: a. T*t*' ,i6#ar" >a!>" . B*(a *6ti%n >a!>"
6. La(*(an ,rain ,an >"nt ,. N%! (an In,*(at%r PG ". Sit6# %n )"an n%!+ t*n* ("a,aan n%r&a!7 a&ati "taran7 *n8i7 *#*7 'r"*r" #"a,7 '"&a(aian ,a8a7 t"t"an 6airan 'a,a "! '%&'a ata* a&*nan '%&'a. . $"a,aan n%r&a! t"r6a'ai < B*(a ,i6#ar" >a!>" < A&ati '"&a(aian ,a8a 'a,a '%&'a < Bata &a(i&*& '"&"anan Dan aat &"nt%' ata* &"n#"nti(an '%&'a a,a!a# : a. T*t*' '"n*# ,i6#ar" >a!>" . La(*(an '"n6atatan : "taran7 *#*7 '"&a(aian ,a8a7 'r"*r" #"a,<&a(i&*& 6. $"a,aan n%r&a! t"r6a'ai it6# % ,. T*t*'(an *6ti%n >a!>" ". La(*(an ,rain . P"ri(a ("a,aan '%&'a . P*!i#(an ran(aian 'i'a a!*ran
BAB 8 METODOLOGI 8-" Ala% dan Ba)an
Ta"! -.1 A!at 8an ,i*na(an Na&a A!at $%&'r"%r 9an B!%"r $*n6i Pa Pa!* O"n Tan
Ta"! -.2 Ba#an 8an ,i*na(an Na&a Ba#an A&'"!a 1000 &"# La'
J*&!a# 1 1 1 1 2 1
8- S$ema Ker1a
8-8 S$e%sa Ker1a Kompresor
Arus
M"n"ra(an Motor
M"&*tar Torsi
M"nai( t*r*n(an Torak
U,ara &a*(
Pelat
U,ara ("!*ar Katup Kendali Pa,a t"(anan t"rt"nt* a(an "r#"nti Tangki
8-8 S$e%sa Ker1a BlowerFan Arus
M"n"ra((an Motor
Anin
Propeller
Impeller
U,ara ("!*ar
BAB 9 DATA PENGAMATAN 9-" Da%a Pen.ama%an Kompresor
N% 1.
2.
Ga&ar
$"t"ranan $%&'r"%r &"r*'a(an a!at 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"na!ir(an/&"&in,a#(an/tran'%rta i !*i,a "'"rti *,ara ata* a. Arti in(atn8a &"r*'a(an a!at '"n#ai! *,ara &a&'at.
S'"ii(ai a!at D"in 'r"*r" ar #8,ra*!i6 t"t 12 ar
-.
9ra&" 9*ni *ta&a a,a!a# *nt*( &"n,*(*n "!*r*# "an ,an "r*ni =*a "aai t"&'at (",*,*(an anta!an7 '%r% "n(%!7 i!in,"r ,an t"&'at '"na&'*nan &in8a( '"!*&a.
Stat%r a,a!a# aian 'a,a &%t%r !itri( ata* ,ina&% !itri( 8an "r*ni "aai tai%n"r ,ari it"& r%t%r. Ja,i '"n"&'atan tat%r iaan8a &"n"!i!ini r%t%r7 tat%r ia "r*'a *!*nan (aat t"&aa 8an "rint"ra(i ,"nan an("r ,an &"&"nt*( &",an &an"t *nt*( &"nat*r '"r'*taran r%t%r. R%t%r a,a!a# aian ,ari &%t%r !itri( 8an "r'*tar 'a,a *&* r%t%r. P"r'*taran r%t%r ,i "a(an (ar"na a,an8a &",an &an"t ,an !i!itan (aat "&ai! 'a,a r%t%r. S",an(an t%ri ,ari '"r'*taran r%t%r ,i t"nt*(an %!"# an8a(n8a !i!itan (aat ,an =*a ,ia&"t"rn8a.
4.
Baian ,a!a& 'a,a $%&'r"%r 1. Batan '"n#**n )6%nn"6ti%n r%,+ B"r*ni &"n"r*(an a8a ,ari '%r% "n(%! (" atan t%ra( &"!a!*i ("'a!a i!an7 atan '"n#**n #ar* (*at ,an ta#an "n(%( "#ina &a&'* &"na#an "an 'a,a aat (%&'r"i. 2. $"'a!a Si!an )6r% #"a,+ B"r*ni &"n"r*(an a8a ,ari atan '"n#**n (" atan t%ra(. $"'a!a i!an ,a'at &"!*n6*r 'a,a anta!an !*n6*rn8a. -. T%ra( ata* 'it%n T%ra( &"r*'a(an (%&'%n"n 8an "t*a *nt*( S"aai "!"&"n 8an &"n#an,"! a/*,ara 'a,a 'r%" '"&a*(an )*6ti%n+7 (%&'r"i )6%&'r"i%n+ ,an '"n"!*aran ),i6#ar"+7 "#ina t%ra( #ar* (*at &"na#an t"(anan ,an 'ana.
5.
9- Da%a Pen.ama%an Blower
N%
Ga&ar
$"t"ranan
1.
B!%"r &"r*'a(an &"in ata* a!at 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"nai((an ata* &"&'"r"ar t"(anan *,ara ata* a 8an a(an ,ia!ir(an ,a!a& *at* r*anan t"rt"nt* =*a "aai '"nia'an ata* '"&>a(*&an *,ara ata* a t"rt"nt* I&'"!"r M"nin(at(an ("6"'atan a!irn !*i,a.
2.
9-8 Da%a Pen.ama%an Fan
N% 1.
Ga&ar
$"t"ranan Ta&'a( "!a(an ,an ta&'a( a&'in ,ari an .
an ,it*n=*((an %!"# 'ana# ,ia&'in &"r*'a(an %*t!"t *,ara.
2.
Ta&'a( ,"'an ,ari an 1. 9an Pr%'"!!"r ?ara ("r=a an 'r%'"!!"r "'"rti i&'"!"r '"aat t"ran: blades an &"n#ai!(an '"nan(atan a"r%,ina&i 8an &"n"(an *,ara.
2. an ,it*n=*((an %!"# 'ana# &"r*'a(an '"n*t*' ,ari an 'r%'"!!"r. Pa,a '"n*t*' ini t"r,a'at '"n8arin *nt*( in!"t *,ara
-.
$i'a anin )an+ P"ran(at &"(ani 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"&*at a!iran a (%ntin* "'"rti *,ara.
4.
Stat%r
5.
R%t%r
BAB # PEMBAASAN DAN KESIMPULAN #-" Pem/a)asan #-"-" D&la Ad&la *"8"9""!#7+
Pra(ti(*& (a!i ini &"!a(*(an '"raatan ,an '"rai(an t"r#a,a' (%&'r"%r7 an ,an !%"r. A,a'*n t*=*an ,ari 'ra(ti(*& ini aar ,a'at &"&a#a&i aian<aian '"ntin ,ari (%&'r"%r7 an ,an !%"r7 ,a'at &"n*rai(an ,an &"ran(ai ("&a!i *nit (%&'r"%r7 an ,an !%"r7 ("&*,ian ,a'at &"na&ar(an ("&a a!at 'a,a aian '"ntin ,ari - ara# 8an "r",a "rta &"n"ta#*i &"t%," '"raatan,an '"rai(an. $%&'r"%r a,a!a# &"in 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"nai((an t"(anan *,ara ,"nan 6ara &"&a&'at(an a ata* *,ara 8an ("r=an8a ,i,a'at ,ari '%r%. S*&"r ar* !itri( &"&*tar &%t%r ,an &"n"ra((an t%ri *nt*( &"nan(at ,an nai( t*r*n t%ra(7 =i(a t%ra( nai( &a(a &"n"(an *,ara ("!*ar =i(a t%ra( t*r*n &"n#i,a' *,ara &a*(. $%&'r"%r ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan ta*n *nt*( &"n8i&'an *,ara "rt"(anan7 "#ina *,ara ,a'at &"n6a'ai =*&!a# ,an t"(anan 8an ,i'"r!*(an. Ta*n *,ara "rt"(anan 'a,a (%&'r"%r ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan (at*' '"na&an7 i!a t"(anan *,aran8a &"!"i#i ("t"nt*an7 &a(a (at*' '"na&an a(an &"n*t*' "6ara %t%&ati. $%&'%n"n<(%&'%n"n (%&'r"%r 8ait*@ ("ran(a )ra&"+7 atan '"n#**n )6%nn"6tin r%,+7 ("'a!a i!an )6r% #"a,+ 7 i!in,"r )68!in,"r+7 !in"r i!in,"r )68!in,"r !in"r+7 r%nt an, r"ar 68!in,"r 6%>"r7 at"r =a6("t7 t%ra( )'it%n+ 7 6in6in t%ra( )'it%n rin+7 '%r% "n(%! )6ran( #at+ ,an atan t%ra( )'it%n r%,+ 7 6in6in '"na#an a )'a6(in r%,+ 7 rin %i! 6ra'"r7 (at*' (%&'r"%r )6%&'r"%r >a!>"+. A,a'*n 6ara '"raatan (%&'r"%r 8an ai( ,an *&*& ,i!a(*(an a,a!a# "aai "ri(*t : 1. ?"( %!i7 'ati(an !">"!n8a &ini&a! "t"na# ,an ti,a( !"i# ,ari -/4 'a,a oil glass 2. T*t*' "&*a (ran -. P"ri(a belt 7 'ati(an ti,a( t"r!a!* ("n,*r na&*n =*a ti,a( t"r!a!* ("n6an. 4. Pati(an ,a8a 8an t"r",ia &ini&a! 2 (a!i !i'at ,ari ,a8a 8an t"rt"ra 'a,a &%t%r. 5. Unt*( &"in (%&'r"%r7 )'ati(an %!i ,an a#an a(ar t"r",ia+ . Start'(n 'a,a s%itc" )recoil *nt*( engine ,an
*na(an
'"nat*ran
a
*nt*( start 7 "t"!a# tai!7 ("&a!i(an 'a,a '%ii aa!+. . Pati(an &%t%r &ati/(ff =i(a pressure gauge &"n*n=*( ar ,an ("&a!i #i,*'/(n 'a,a
5
ar
)*nt*(
(%&'r"%r
"r(a'aita
12
ar
a(an
&ati/(ff =i(a pressure gauge &"n*n=*( 12 ar ,an ("&a!i #i,*'/On 'a,a ar+
. Unt*( (%&'r"%r engine7 &ati(an "6ara &an*a! ,"nan engine s%itc" off . S"t"!a# "!"ai &"n*na(an *nit ini7 *an "!*r*# anin 8an t"ria ,i ,a!a& tan(i &"!a!*i drain valve. 10. G*na(an (%&'r"%r "*ai a'!i(ain8a. 11. P"r#ati(an ,"it '"niian tan(i7 #ar* !"i# "ar ,ari ,"it '"n*naann8a 12. Ua#a(an ",a'at &*n(in aar &%t%r &"&i!i(i t"nan a(t* 8an 6*(*' *nt*( #i,*' ,an &ati7 &ini&a! 5<10 &"nit. 1-. L"ta(an (%&'r"%r ,i t"&'at ,"nan ir(*!ai *,ara 8an ai(. 14. Hin,ar(an (%&'r"%r ,ari #*=an/air &a*'*n inar &ata#ari "6ara !an*n )!"ta(an ,i t"&'at t"r!in,*n+. 15. Pati(an &ini&a! "(a!i ,a!a& "&in* *nt*( &"n*ra tan(i ,"nan anin )"ai(n8a tia' #ari+. )an "6ara !*a ,i*na(an ,i in,*tri ,an '"na'!i(aian (%&"ria! "'"rti >"nti!ai7 material "andling 7 %i!"r7 r"ri"rai7 dust collection7 a'!i(ai '"n,inin ,an !ainn8a. Pa,a in,*tri7 fan 'a,a *&*&n8a ,i*na(an *nt*( 'a%(an >"nti!ai ata* *,ara '"&a(aran7 *nt*( &"nir(*!ai *,ara ata* a !ainn8a &"!"ati a!at ,an *nt*( &"n"!*ar(an *,ara ata* a !ainn8a ,ari a!at. S",an(an blo%er 8an &"r*'a(an &"in ata* a!at 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"nai((an ata* &"&'"r"ar t"(anan *,ara ata* a 8an a(an ,ia!ir(an ,a!a& *at* r*anan t"rt"nt* =*a "aai '"nia'an ata* '"&>a(*&an *,ara ata* a t"rt"nt*. O'"rai blo%er ata* fan #a&'ir a&a ,"nan %'"rai '%&'a7 a(t* &"ntart ata* &"nt%' #ar*!a# ,i6"(in t"r!"i# ,a#*!* *nt*( &"n*rani "an '"n"ra(n8a. T"ta'i #an8a at* #a! a=a 8an '"r!* ,i'"r#ati(an "!a&a '"n%'"raian7 8a(ni '"n"6"((an 8an ,i!a(*(an ""(a!i t"r#a,a' t"&'"rat*r ,an =*&!a# %i! ata* ,a'at ,i!i#at ,ari ata ("r=a / =a& ("r=an8a. $%&'%n"n *ta&a ,ari !%"r ,an an a,a!a# Pr%'"!!"r/I&'"!!"r ,an &%t%r. S",an(an '"raatan *nt*( !%"r ,an an a,a!a# "aai "ri(*t: < < < < <
P"&"ri(aan '"ri%,i( "&*a (%&'%n"n it"& P"!*&aan anta!an ,an '"nantian P"n"n6anan "!t ,an '"nantian P"rai(an ata* '"nantian &%t%r P"&"ri#an an #-"- R&ma A.'s%&n Merde$awa%& *"8"9""!;"+
Pa,a 'ra(ti(*& (a!i ini ,i!a(*(an i,"ntii(ai ,an '"raatan 'a,a a!at (%&'r"%r7 !%"r ,an an. I,"ntii(ai ,i!a(*(an ,"nan 6ara &"&%n(ar a!at7 &"na&ati "rta &"na&ar aian< aian a!at ("&*,ian &"ran(ai(ann8a ("&a!i. T*=*an ,ari 'ra(ti(*& ini a,a!a# *nt*( &"n"ta#*i aian<aian ,ari (%&'r"%r7!%"r ,an an "rta &"n"ta#*i &"t%,a 6ara *&*& '"raatan ,an '"rai(an (%&'r"%r7 !%"r ,an an. $%&'r"%r "r*ni *nt*( &"&an(it(an/&"n#ai!(an *,ara "rt"(anan ,"nan 6ara &"n#ia' ,an &"&a&'at(an *,ara t"r"*t ("&*,ian ,ii&'an ,i,a!a& tan(i *,ara ("&'a *nt*( ,i*'!ai ("'a,a '"&a(ai )it"& 'n"*&ati(+. $%&'r"%r ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan ta*n *nt*( &"n8i&'an *,ara "rt"(anan7 "#ina *,ara ,a'at &"n6a'ai =*&!a# ,an t"(anan 8an ,i'"r!*(an. Ta*n *,ara "rt"(anan 'a,a (%&'r"%r ,i!"n(a'i ,"nan (at*' '"na&an7 i!a t"(anan *,aran8a &"!"i#i ("t"nt*an7 &a(a (at*' '"na&an a(an t"r*(a "6ara %t%&ati. $%&'%n"n *ta&a ,ari (%&'r"%r t"r,iri ,ari ("ran(a )ra&"+7 '%r% "n(%! )6ran( #at+7 atan '"n#**n )6%nn"6tin r%,+7 ("'a!a i!an )6r% #"a,+7 !i!in,"r )68i!in,"r+7 !ini"r i!in,"r )68i!in,"r !ini"r+ r%nt an, r"ar 68i!in,"r 6%>"r7 at"r =a6("t7 t%ra( )'it%n+7 6in6in t%ra(7 atan t%ra(7 6in6in '"na#an a7 rin %i! 6ra'"r7 ,an (at*' (%&'r"%r. Da!a& (%&'r"%r =*a t"r,a'at '"ra!atan ant* ,iantaran8a arinan *,ara7(at*' '"na&an7 tan(i *,ara7 '"ra!atan '"na&an 8an !ain7 ,an '"ra!atan (#**. P"&"!i#araan ,an '"n"6"(an (%&'r"%r ,i!a(*(an t"r#a,a' (%&'%n"n<(%&'%n"n '"n*n=an antara !ain : •
P"!*&aan T"(anan &in8a( '"!*&a (%&'r"%r #ar* "6ara >i*a !,i'"ri(a "tia' #ari ,an arinan &in8a( '"!*&an8a ,ianti "tia' *!an.
•
Sarinan *,ara Sarinan *,ara &a*( anat &*,a# t"r*&at t"r*ta&a 'a,a !in(*nan 8an "r,"*. Sarinan #ar* ,i'"ri(a,an ,ianti "6arat"rat*r.
•
Tra' (%n,"nat Ban8a( it"& &"&i!i(i tra' (%n,"nat *nt*( &"n*&'*!(an )*nt*( tra' 8an ,i'aan ,"nan "*a# (ran a'*n+ ,an &"n*ra (%n,"nat ,ari it"&. Tra' &an*a! #ar* "6ara "r(a!a ,i*(a,an ,it*t*' ("&a!i *nt*( &"n*ra !*i,a 8an
t"ra(*&*!ai7 tra'%t%&ati #ar* ,i'"ri(a *nt*( &"&ati(an a#a ti,a( a,a ("%6%ran *,ara t"(an. •
P"n"rin *,ara U,ara ("rin &"r*'a(an "n"r8 8an int"ni. Unt*( '"n"rin 8an ,i,inin(an7 '"ri(a ,an anti arinan aa! "6ara t"rat*r(ar"na '"n"rin t"r"*t "rin(a!i &"&i!i(i !intaan ("6i! ,i aian,a!a&n8a 8an ,a'at t"r*&at %!"# a#an '"n6"&ar. P"n"rinr""n"rati>"
&"&"r!*(an
"*a#
'"n8arin
'"n#i!an
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a!*ran&a*(n8a (ar"na &"r"(a ti,a( ,a'at "r*ni ,"nan ai( =i(a &in8a( '"!*&a ,ari (%&'r"%r &"!a'ii a#an '"n8"ra' airn8a. S*#* '"n"rinan8an ai( #ar* ,i=aa ,iaa 100%9 *nt*( &n#in,ari '"nin(atan'"&a(aian a#an '"n8"ra' airn8a7 8an #ar* ,ianti !ai "tia' -<4 *!ant"rant*n 'a,a !a=* ("="n*#an.
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P"ri(a ("%6%ran ,an ("#i!anan t"(anan ,i"!*r*# 8t"& "6ara t"rat*r. Hin,ari 'ra(t"( 8an ti,a( "nar7 *nt*( &"&ati(an '"n*naan *,ara 8an "a (a,ar
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air 'a,a titi( '"n*naan. At*r "!*r*# %'"rai titi( '"n*naan 'a,a t"(anan "r"n,a# &*n(in ,"nan
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&"n*na(an r"*!at%r 8an ai(. Mati(an 'a%(an *,ara (" '"ra!atan 'r%,*(i 8an ",an ti,a( "("r=a. Panta* '"n*r*nan t"(anan ,a!a& 8t"& '"&i'aan. G*na(an t"(n%!%i '"n"rinan 8an &"&"r t"(anan &a(i&*& 8an ,i'"r%!"#(an *nt*( titi( '"n"&*nan.
•
L"ta(an (%&'r"%r ,i t"&'at ,"nan ir(*!ai *,ara 8an ai(.
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Hin,ar(an (%&'r"%r ,ari #*=an/air &a*'*n inar &ata#ari "6ara !an*n )!"ta(an ,i t"&'at t"r!in,*n+.
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Pati(an &ini&a! "(a!i ,a!a& "&in* *nt*( &"n*ra tan(i ,"nan anin )"ai(n8a tia' #ari+.
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Pi!i#!a# *(* 6a,an (%&'r"%r 8an t"rai(. B!%"r &"r*'a(an &"in ata* a!at 8an ,i*na(an *nt*( &"nai((an ata* &"&'"r"ar
t"(anan *,ara ata* a 8an a(an ,ia!ir(an ,a!a& *at* r*anan t"rt"nt* =*a "aai '"nia'an ata* '"&>a(*&an *,ara ata* a t"rt"nt*. 9an ,an !%"r "r("r=a ,"nan 'rini' 8an a&a 8ait* ,i"ra((an %!"# &%t%r ,an '*at &%t%r )r%t%r+ a(an "r"ra(7 >%!it" &"&*(a t*t*' ("ti(a a,a *,ara &a*( ,an &"&*tar 'r%'"!"r/i&'"!!"r ,an *,ara '*n ("!*ar.
P"r",aan antara an ,an !%"r 8ait* an &"n#ai!(an a!iran a ,"nan ",i(it t"(anan ,an >%!*&" a 8an !"i# "ar7 "&"ntara !%"r &"n#ai!(an rai% t"(anan 8an r"!ati !"i# tini ,"nan >%!*&" a!iran a 8an !"i# "ar. P"&"!i#araan r*tin *nt*( &"&'"rta#an(an tin(at (in"r=a. $"iatan '"&"!i#araan &"!i'*ti : < < < < <
P"&"ri(aan '"ri%,i( "&*a (%&'%n"n it"& P"!*&aan anta!an ,an '"nantian P"n"n6anan "!t ,an '"nantian P"rai(an ata* '"nantian &%t%r P"&"ri#an an
#-"-8 Ul0a N'r'l A&a) *"8"9""!;8+
Pa,a 'ra(ti(*& (a!i ini "rt*=*an *nt*( &"n"ta#*i '"r",aan7(%&'%n"n ,an t"(ni( '"raatan 8an ,a'at ,i!a(*(an 'a,a (%&'r"%r7 an ,an !%"r. P"rta&a &"&%n(ar (%&'r"%r ,"nan 6ara &"&*(a a*t<a*t 8an t"r,a'at 'a,a (%&'r"%r ,"nan &"n*na(an (*n6i ,an %"n. S"t"!a# (%&'r"%r ,i %n(ar 'ia#(an (%&'%n"n<(%&'%n"n 8an t"r,a'at ,a!a& (%&'r"%r ,an '"!a=ari &"(ani&" ("r=an8a ,an a&ar(an !a!* 'aan(an ("&a!i (%&'%n"n<(%&'%n"n "'"rti "&*!a. Ha! 8an a&a ,i!a(*(an =*a 'a,a t"(ni( '"raatan an ,an !%"r. Dari #a! t"r"*t ,i,a'at a,a ""ra'a '"r",aan na&*n 'a,a ,aarn8a *ni "&*a a!at t"r"*t a,a!a# &"ni*'(an anin. 1. $%&'r"%r S"'"rti na&an8a &a(a 8an ,i#ai!(an a,a!a# anin "rt"(anan tini7 &"in ini ,i"ra(ana %!"# "nin" ata* &%t%r !itri(7 "'"rti 'a,a t*(an ta&a! an7 ata* *nt*( in,*tri iaan8a anin 8an ,i#ai!(an *nt*( &"n"ra((an it"& 'n"*&ati67 i!in,"r7 %!"ni%, >a!>" ,!!. A,a ""ra'a ="ni (%&'r"%r7 8an '%'*!"r a,a!a# 'it%n ,an 6r"7 *nt*( t"(anan iaan8a &"&a(ai 6r" ta'i *nt*( &"n#ai!(an !%/,"it "ar &a(a ,i'a(ai &%,"! 'it%n.Pra(t"( '"raatan (%&'r"%r 8an ai( ,an "nar a(an &"nin(at(an "ii"ni (in"r=a it"&. Unt*( ("'"r!*an t"r"*t &a(a '"r!* '"&"!i#araan ,an '"n"6"(an "6ara t"r=a,a!. Ca(t* *nt*( '"raatan ,an '"n"6"(an (%&'r"%r7 8ait*: S"!a!* &"na6* 'a,a &aint"nan6" intr*6ti%n ata* "r>i6" &an*a! 8an ,i("!*ar(an %!"# &an*a6t*r". P"&"!i#araan
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(%&'r"%r ,i!a(*(an t"r#a,a' (%&'%n"n<(%&'%n"n
1+ P"!*&aan. T"(anan &in8a( '"!*&a (%&'r"%r #ar* "6ara >i*a! ,i'"ri(a "tia' #ari ,an arinan &in8a( '"!*&an8a ,ianti "tia' *!an. 2+ Sarinan *,ara. Sarinan *,ara &a*( anat &*,a# t"r*&at t"r*ta&a 'a,a !in(*nan 8an "r,"*. Sarinan #ar* ,i'"ri(a,an ,ianti "6ara t"rat*r. -+ *raps (%n,"nat. Ban8a( it"& &"&i!i(i traps (%n,"nat *nt*( &"n*&'*!(an )*nt*( traps 8an ,i'aan ,"nan "*a# (ran a'*n+ ,an &"n*ra (%n,"nat ,ari it"&. *raps &an*a! #ar* "6ar "r(a!a ,i*(a ,an ,it*t*' ("&a!i *nt*( &"n*ra !*i,a 8an t"ra(*&*!ai7 traps %t%&ati #ar* ,i'"ri(a *nt*( &"&ati(a a#a ti,a( a,a ("%6%ran *,ara t"(an. 4+ P"n"rin *,ara. U,ara ("rin &"r*'a(an "n"r8 8an int"ni. Unt*( '"n"rin 8an ,i,inin(an7 '"ri(a ,an anti arinan aa! "6ara t"rat*r (ar"na '"n"rin t"r"*t "rin(a!i &"&i!i(i !intaan ("6i! ,i aian ,a!a&n8a 8an ,a'at t"r*&at %!"# a#an '"n6"&ar. P"ri(a ("%6%ran ,an ("#i!anan t"(anan ,i"!*r*# it"& "6ara t"rat*r. 5+ At*r "!*r*# %'"rai titi( '"n*naan 'a,a t"(anan "r"n,a# &*n(in ,"nan &"n*na(an r"*!at%r 8an ai(. 2. B!%"r S"'"rti 'rini' (%&'r"%r =*a ,i"ra((an %!"# &"in '"n"ra( ia a=a &%t%r !itri( ata* "nin"7 t' 'a,a !%"r iaan8a anin "rt"(anan ti,a( t"r!a!* "ar ,an ,i'a(ai *nt*( &"&aa &*atan 'r%,*(7 ata* 'r%,*( "r*'a **(/i=i aa(an ,iti*' %!"# !%"r ini. B!%"r ia ,i'a(" "aai '"ni*' ta'i ia =*a ,ia!i( *nt*( t"(anan >a(*& "aai '"n8",%t. -. 9an Ban8a( "(a!i &a6a&7 8an "rin(a!i ,i!i#at a,a!a# (i'a anin7 "#a*t an7 8an ="!a #an8a "r*'a a!in<a!in7 ,an a,a 8an 6"ntri*a! =*a *nt*( &"n#ia' ata* &"ni*' ,a!a& ,"it 8an 6*(*' "ar (ar"na #ar* &"&a(ai =a!*r 'i'a/,*6tin.9an ,an !%"r 'a,a *&*&n8a &"&i!i(i (ara(t"riti( 8an "r*'a7 "#ina '"raatan (",*an8a '*n a(an a&a. P"&"!i#araan r*tin: P"&"!i#araan ini r*tin *nt*( &"&'"rta#an(an tin(at (in"r=a. $"iatan '"&"!i#araan &"!i'*ti : < P"&"ri(aan '"ri%,i( "&*a (%&'%n"n it"& < P"!*&aan anta!an ,an '"nantian < P"n"n6anan "!t ,an '"nantian < P"rai(an ata* '"nantian &%t%r < P"&"ri#an an ,an !%"r
#- Kes&mp'lan •
$%&'%n"n *ta&a 'a,a (%&'r"%r a,a!a# ("ran(a )ra&"+7 atan '"n#**n7 ("'a!a i!an )6r% #"a,+7 i!in,"r7 !ini"r i!in,"r at"r =a6("t7 t%ra( 'it%n7 6in6in t%ra(7 '%r% "n(%!7 atan t%ra(7 rin %i! 6ra''"r7 (at*' (%&'r"%r. A,a'*n 6ara '"raatan (%&'r"%r 8an ai( ,an *&*& ,i!a(*(an a,a!a# "aai "ri(*t : 1. ?"( %!i7 'ati(an !">"!n8a &ini&a! "t"na# ,an ti,a( !"i# ,ari -/4 'a,aoil glass 1. T*t*' "&*a (ran 1. P"ri(a belt 7 'ati(an ti,a( t"r!a!* ("n,*r na&*n =*a ti,a( t"r!a!* ("n6an. 1. Pati(an ,a8a 8an t"r",ia &ini&a! 2 (a!i !i'at ,ari ,a8a 8an t"rt"ra 'a,a &%t%r. 20. Unt*( &"in (%&'r"%r7 )'ati(an %!i ,an a#an a(ar t"r",ia+ 21. Start'(n 'a,a s%itc" )recoil *nt*( engine ,an
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA An%ni&. )On!in"+ T"r",ia : #tt'://.6ri,.6%&/,%6/-5152/-1/Prini'<$"r=a<$%&'r"%r . Dia(" 'a,a 0 S"'t"&"r 2012. An%ni&. )an and #lo%ers. )On!in"+ T"r",ia : #tt'://.6ri,.6%&/,%6/-4510/9an< B!%"r. Dia(" 'a,a : 2 D""&"r 2012. Ci=a8a7
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Peralatan
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#tt'://.6ri,.6%&/,%6/10224/M"n"na!i
