LABORATORIUM TEKNIK PERAWATAN
SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
MODUL
: Kompresor d! "#o$er
PEM"%M"%NG
: %r& '(!(s To!p S) MT
Tanggal Praktikum : 1 Apr# 2016 Tanggal Penyerahan : Apr# 2016 (Laporan
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N%M& 1111016 1111016
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N%M& 1111022
3& P(4 A!d!
N%M& 1111023
3& R& S5r! Nd N&
N%M& 111102
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PROGRAM STUD% D%PLOMA %%% TEKN%K K%M%A JURUSAN TEKN%K K%M%A POL%TEKN%K NEGER% "ANDUNG 2016
BAB I PEN!A"ULUAN
#$# Latar Latar Belakan Belakang g Kompre Kompresor sor d! 5#o$er 5#o$er mer(p mer(p+! +! ##- !8 !8 d8(! d8(!+! +! (!-(+ (!-(+ me!+ me!++! +! -( -(
memper5esr -e+!! (dr -( 8s d! memmp-+! (dr 9+ompresor& D !d(s-r; !d(s-r +m #- ! 5s! d8(!+! (!-(+ me!sr+(#s+! 8s;8s -er-e!-( d d#m -*p proses;proses ser +m$& Kompresor 4(8 5!+ d8(!+! d !d(s-r 5!8(!! 5!8(!! mes!) -er(-m (!-(+ me!88er+! pes$-;pes$- p!e(m-) !-r #! 5oor) *mmer) pes$- !8+-) pem5ers* ps-) #- +o!-ro#) pe!empro-! d! pomp& Pr+-+ +ompresor d! 5#o$er mer(p+! s#* s-( #m( !8 mempe#4r r -e+!+ me!8(r+!) mer!8+ d! mer$-! pd #- -erse5(-&
#$% Tu Tu&uan &uan Per'oaan Per'oaan 1& Mem*m Mem*m 58!;5 58!;58! 8! pe!-!8 pe!-!8 dr dr +ompresor +ompresor d! 5#o$er 5#o$er 2& Dp- me!8(r me!8(r+! +! d! d! mer!8+ mer!8+ +em5# +em5# (!- +ompresor +ompresor d! d! 5#o$er 5#o$er 3& Me!88m5r+ Me!88m5r+! ! s+em s+em #- pd 58!;58! 58!;58! pe!-!8 pe!-!8 & Me!8e-*( Me!8e-*( me-ode me-ode ser ser (m(m (m(m per$-! per$-! d! d! per5+ per5+! !
BAB II TIN)AUAN PU*TAKA
%$# Kompre+or Kompre+or Komp Kompres resor or d# d#* * ##- pem pemmp mp- -( -( pe!8 pe!8+o +omp mpres res (dr (dr de!8 de!8! ! +- +- #! #!
+omp +ompres resor or d# d#* * pe!8 pe!8* *s s## (dr (dr mmp mmp-& -& Kre! Kre! pros proses es pemm pemmpp-! !)) (dr (dr memp(! -e+!! !8 #e5* -!88 d5!d!8+! de!8! -e+!! (dr #!8+(!8! 91-m& D#m +ese*r!) +- ser!8 mem!.-+! (dr mmp- 5+ ser #!8s(!8 -( -d+ #!8s(!8& Se58 o!-o*) (dr m!p- !8 d8(!+! (!-(+ me!8s 5! mo5# -( seped mo!-or) (dr mmp- (!-(+ mem5ers*+! 58!;58! mes! !8 +o-or d 5e!8+e#;5e!8+e# d! m!.- #! !8 ser!8 d4(mp se*r;*r& Pd !d(s-r) pe!88(!! +ompresor s!8- pe!-!8) 5+ se58 pe!8*s# (dr mmp- -( se58 s-( +es-(! dr mes!;mes!& Kompresor 5!+ dp+ (!-(+ mes! p!e(m-+) sed!8+! !8 me!4d s-( de!8! mes! -( -(r5! 8s) mes! pe!d!8! d! #!!& De!8! me!8m5# o!-o* +ompresor seder*!) -( pomp 5! seped -( mo5#) pr!sp +er4 +ompresor dp- d4e#s+! se58 5er+(-& J+ -or+ pomp d-r+ +e-s) -e+!! d 5$* s#!der +! -(r(! smp d 5$* -e+!! -mos.er se*!88 (dr +! ms(+ me##( e#* +-(p *sp !8 +e!d(r& K-(p -er5(- dr +(#- #e!-(r) dpme!8e! me!8e!! !8 8 d! me!8e! me!8e!d(r d(r d! dps! dps!8 8 pd pd -or+& -or+& Se-e# Se-e#* * (dr (dr ms(+ ms(+ pomp pomp +em(d! +em(d! -or+ -(r(! +e5$* d! me!e+! me!e+! (dr) (dr) se*!88 se*!88 o#(me! o#(me! me!4d me!4d +e#& 9A!o!m) 201&
2&1& 2&1&1 1
K#s K#s. .+ +s s Kompr Kompres esor or Pr! Pr!sp sp +er4 +er4 +omp +ompres resor or d! d! pomp pomp d# d#* * sm) sm) +ed( +ed( mes! mes! -erse5 -erse5((me!88(!+! e!er8 #(r +em(d! d(5* me!4d e!er8 .#(d& Pd pomp) d !ose# !ose# +e#( +e#(r r! ! e!er e!er8 8 +eep +eep-! ! d(5 d(5* * me!4d me!4d e!er e!er8 8 -e+ -e+! !!) !) 5e8 5e8-( -( 4(8 4(8 +ompresor pd +-(p +e#(r (dr mmp- memp(! e!er8 -e+!! !8 5esr& H(+(m;*(+(m !8 5er#+( pd pomp dp- dp#+s+! pd +ompresor& "er5ed "er5ed de!8! de!8! pomp pomp !8 !8 +#s. +#s.+s +s! ! 5erds 5erdsr+ r+! ! po# po# #r! #r!)) +#s. +#s.+s +s +ompresor 5s! 5erdsr+! -e+!!! -( r pemmp-!!& Kompresor 5erdsr+! r r pemmp-!! d5ed+! me!4d d() -( 4e!s turbo d! 4e!s perp!d*!& Je!s turbo me!88( me!88(!+ !+! ! 8 8 se!-r se!-r.(8 .(8# # !8 !8 d+5 d+5-+ -+! ! o#e* o#e*
p(-r! impe impele lerr se*!8 se*!88 8 (dr (dr me!8# me!8#m m +e!+ +e!+! ! e!er8 e!er8 !8 !8 +! +! d(5* d(5* me!4d e!er8 -e+!!& Sed!8+! 4e!s perp!d*!) de!8! memper+e# o#(me (dr !8 d*sp +e d#m s#!der -( stator de!8! -or+ -( s(d(& Kompresor !8 d+#s.+s d+#s.+s+! +! 5erdsr+! 5erdsr+! -e+!!! -e+!!! d#* +ompresor (!-(+ (!-(+ pemmppemmp9-e+!! -!88) blower (!-(+ pe!(p 9-e+!! sed!8 d! .! (!-(+ +ps 9-e+!! re!d*& Pd 8m5r d 5$* -er#*-) +ompresor 4e!s turbo 9d!m 5erdsr+! po# #r!! d58 me!4d -8) -( ejector, radial ) d! aksial & Kompresor 4e!s ! *mpr sem(! dp- 5eropers pd -e+!! dr !8 re!d* smp -!88& Kompre Kompresor sor -(r5o -(r5o dpdp- d5(d5(- 5!+ 5!+ -!8+ -!8+-- (!-(+ (!-(+ me!++ me!++! ! -e+! -e+!! ! de!8! de!8! +ps-s 5esr&
Gm5r 2&1 K#s.+s Kompresor
T5e# T5e# 2&1 K#r.+s K#r.+s Kompresor Kompresor Ps-o! "#s Tpe Kompresor
Kompresor Ger+ P(-r Ps-o! Kompresor A#r
Kompresor Ps-o! Kompresor Dp*r8m Kompresor Geser Kompresor Poros Se+-r(p Kompresor Roo-s Kompresor A#r Rd# Kompresor A#r A+s#
S(m5er: S(#rso Hr! T*r) T*r) 200&
2&1& 2&1&2 2
Per Per$ $- -! ! Kom Kompr pres esor or "er+(- ! d#* r (!-(+ mer$- +ompresor 8r $e- d8(!+!& Per$-! ! -er5#!8 seder*! d! -e!-(! dp- d#+(+! de!8! 5+ -!p per#( mers +es(#-!& 1& Se5e#( Se5e#(m m me!# me!#+ +! ! +ompre +ompresor sor se5+! se5+! #+(+ #+(+! ! pe!8ee pe!8ee+! +! -er*dp -er*dp 5e#-) 5(-) m(r d! +ompo!e! #! !8 -erps!8 pd #-& J!8! *d(p+! #+ompre +ompresor sor 5# 5# 5e#- -er#* -er#*-- +e!dor +e!dor dr dr 5s! 5s!& & Ke!! Ke!!8+ 8+! ! 5(5(- d! m(r p5# d !8 +e!dor& 2& Per+s Per+s ##- dr dr +o-or! +o-or! -( smp* smp* !8 me!emp me!empe# e# -er(-m -er(-m pd 58! 58! 5e#-) 5e#-) 4!8! smp d smp* !8 me!88!88( +ompo!e! 5er8er+ pd +ompresor& 3& Se5+ Se5+! ! +ompreso +ompresorr d-emp d-emp-+ -+! ! pd 5d!8 5d!8 !8 !8 r-) r-) 4(* dr 4!8+ 4!8+(! (! or!8 5!+ d! -e!-(! 5ers* dr de5(& & Ke- Ke-+ + me!8 me!88( 8(! !+ +! ! +omp +ompre reso sorr se## se##( ( per+ per+s s +ed +ed! ! pressure gauge (!-(+ gauge (!-(+ me!8e-*( -e+!! (dr !8 -er+!d(!8 pd -5(!8 +ompresor& <& Se-e#* Se-e#* me!88( me!88(!+ !+! ! +ompreso +ompresorr se5+ se5+! ! (dr (dr ss !8 !8 -er+! -er+!d(! d(!8 8 d#m d#m -5(!8 +ompresor d5(!8 *!88 *5s& %! d#+(+! se 58 pe!e8*! s(p (dr -erse5(- -d+ me!8em5(! d! me!4d r& Ar dp- me!e55+! +r-! pd #o8m d! #m +e#m! +! mer(s+ +ompresor -( se!dr&
%$% %$% Blo, Blo,er er
"#o$er d#* mes! -( #- !8 d8(!+! (!-(+ me!++! -( memper5esr -e+!! (dr -( 8s !8 +! d#r+! d#m s(-( r(!8! -er-e!-( 4(8 se58 pe!8sp! -( pem+(m! (dr -( 8s -er-e!-(& "# (!-(+ +eper#(! +*(s(s) 5#o$er +d!8 = +d!8 d5er !m #! ms#! ms#! (!-(+ +eper#(! 8s dr d#m oe! +o+s +o+s dse5( dse5(-- de!8! de!8! !m !m e>*o(e>*o(-er er&& D !d(s!d(s-r r = !d(s!d(s-r r +m +m #- ! 5s! 5s! d8(!+! d8(!+! (!-(+ me!sr+(#s+! me!sr+(#s+! 8s;8s -er-e!-( -er-e!-( dd#m dd#m -*p proses = proses proses ser +m$ d+e!# de!8! !m 5oos-er -( r(#-or& %$%$#
K#s.+s "#o$er Ser (m(m 5#o$er dp- d+#s.+s+! me!4d d( mm -( : 1& Pos- Pos-ee Dp#e Dp#eme! me!-- "#o$er "#o$er Pd 4e!s ! (dr -( 8s dp!d*+! dp!d*+! o#(me per o#(me o#(me d#m r(!8! !8 dse55+! d! per8er+! e#eme! mpe#er !8 5erp(-r +re! d! per-m5*! mss (dr -( 8s !8 dp!d*+!& Je!s pos-e dsp#eme! 5#o$er !8 ser!8 d8(!+! d#* ro-r 5#o$er 5#o$er 9 5#o$er ro-r -( : & ,!e "#o "#o$er $er Pd Pd (m(m! (m(m! d8(! d8(!+! +! (!-(+ (!-(+ +ps+ps-s s !8 !8 +e# +e# de!8! de!8! .#(d .#(d !8 5ers*& D-!4( dr 5e!-(+ d! r +er4 e#eme! mpe#er !e 5#o$er d58 me!4d d( -pe -( : S#!d!8 !e d! ?#e+s5e# !e& S#!d!8 S#!d !8 !e d#* mpe##er !8 5erp( 5erp(-r -r -erdp -erdp- s(-( me+!sme !8 dp- 5er8er+ s#d!8 9 +e#(r ms(+ dd#m! d! #@m dse5(- !e& Kre! 8er+! mpe##er e+se!-r+ -er*dp s!8 m+ -er4d#* per(5*! r(!8 dm! (dr -( 8s d#r+! o#e* !e -erse5( -erse5(-& -& J(m#* !e (!-(+ s-( 5#o$er 5errs -er8!-(!8 5esr! +ps-s d! -e+!! ds*r8er !8 d*rp+!& ?#e>5#e !e d#* pd 58! #(r mpe##er -erdp- srp; srp srp !8 !8 .#e>5 .#e>5#e #e d! +re! +re! 8er+! 8er+! mpe##e mpe##err e+se!e+se!-r+ r+ -er*d -er*dp p s!8 s!8 m+ !e +! dpero#e* -e+!! (dr !8 d dr(!8 s!8 ##( -e+!! (dr -( 8s -( dp!d*+! +e#(r&
2& Se!Se!-r r.( .(8 8## "#o$ "#o$er er "#o$er "#o$er se!-r.(8# se!-r.(8# pd dsr! -erdr dr s-( mpe##er -( #e5* !8 d#e!8+p de!8! s(d(-;s(d(- !8 dps!8 pd poros !8 5erp(-r !8 dse#(5(!8 o#e* se5(* r(m* 9s!8& Udr mems(+ r(!8 s!8 ser
*or@o!-# +5- perp(-r! poros m+ r(!8 pp ms(+ me!4d +(m ##( (dr d*em5(s+! +e#(r& Dr 5e!-(+ s(d(- 9 5#de mpe##er d 3 4e !s -(: & ?or$rd ?or$rd (red "#de ?or$rd (red d#* 5e!-(+ 5#de !8 r* #e!8+(!8! 58! (4(!8 -erps -er ps!8 !8 d d-s -s ser ser* * de! de!8! 8! p(p(-r! r! rod rod& & Pd Pd .or .or$r $rd d (r (red ed -erd -erdp p-s(s(!! 5#de ser pr#e# 9 m(#- 5#de +e##!8 s*ro(d& Kre! 5e!-(+!) m+ pd 4e!s ! (dr -( 8s me!!88#+! 5#de de!8! +eep-! !8 -!88 se*!88 memp(! ds*r8e e#o- !8 -!88 d! se-e#* me##( *o(s!8 sro## se*!88 dpero#e* e!er8 po-e!s# !8 5esr&
Gm5r 2&2&1 ?or$rd (red 5#de Ke-er!8! 8m5r: 1& S*ro(d 2& H(5 9p(s s-- 3& "# "#d dee 95# 95#*/ */p ps s( (
5& "+$rd (red "#de& Tpe ! ! memp memp(! (! s(s( s(s(! !! ! 5#d 5#dee !8 !8 sm sm de!8 de!8! ! .or$ .or$rd rd (red 5#de) *! r* d! s(d( 5#de +! memp(! s(d(- !8 op-m(m d! mer(5* e!er8 +!e-+ +e e!er8 po-e!s# 9-e+!! ser #!8s(!8& & Rd# # "# "#de Dd#m pem+!! dr!!8 (!-(+ -e+!! s--s !8 -!88 pd +ps-s !8 +e#& Nm(! dem+! per+em5!8! s- ! 4e!s 5e!-(+ rd# 5#de d5(- pe#!! -e+!! d! +eep-! p(-r! -!88& -!88&
BAB III METO!OLO-I PER.OBAAN /$# Alat 0an Bahan Bahan #$ Se- +ompresor d! 5#o$er %$ Per++s /$ Lp 1$ A#- pere+m 8m5r 9+mer 2$ A#- -(#s
/$% *kema Ker&a A$ Komp Kompre re++ ++or or
Ps-/+! -/d+ d #/r! #/s-r/+ 7!8 me!8#/r de!8! 0 r me!e+! s+#r o.. d! me#eps+! +5e# pe!8s(pp#/ #/s-r/+
Leps+! 5(-;5(- pd +ompressor
Gm5r s+em #- 7!8 pe!-/!8 dr/ 3 9-/8: r* 7!8 5er5ed
T(#/s spes/./+s/ #- 7!8 -er-er d/ #-
ps!8+! +em5#/ 5(- se*/!88 se*/!88 #- d#m +ed! -erps!8 +em5#/
Ps-/+! 5*$ #- -e#* -erps!8 seper-/ sem(#
B$ Blo,e Blo,err atau atau 3an 3an %+-+! 5#o$er de!8! me!88(!+! -#/ pe!8/+Ps-/+! -/d+ d #/r! #/s-r/+ 7!8 me!8#/r de!8! 0r me!e+! s+#r o.. d! me#eps+! +5e# pe!8s(pp#/ #/s-r/+ Leps+! 5(-;5(- pd 5#o$er d! #+(+! de!8! r* 5ers/#!8 Gm5r s+em #- 7!8 pe!-/!8 dr/ 3 9-/8: r* 7!8 5er5ed
T(#/s spes/./+s/ spes/./+s/ #- 7!8 -er-er d/ #-
Ps!8+! +em5#/ 5(- d! d/#+(+! de!8! r* me!7/#!8 95er#$!!:
Ps-/+! 5*$ #- -e#* -erps!8 seper-/ sem(# Leps+! -#/ 7!8 me!8/+- 5#o$er
BAB I4 "A*IL PEN-AMATAN !AN PEMBA"A*AN 1$# "a+il Pengamatan
"#o$er
Tmp+ 5e#+!8 -erdr dr mes! mo-or+) dp-or) mpe#er) d! -!8+ 5#o$er&
"#!8 = 5#!8 pd 5#o$er !8 5er.(!8s me!!8+-+! -e+!! 5#o$er
Tmp+ -s Terdr dr mo-or) se#!8) r(m* +eo!8) d! -(!8+&
Tmp+ -s D58! 5e+!8 5#o$er -erdp- pe#!d(!8 5#!8;5#!8 +e# "8! mo-or pe!88er+ me+!+ 5er.(!8s mem5(- p(-r! -erdp- d 58! 5e#+!8 5#o$er
K(mpr!) ##-!) d! mo-or pe!88er+ !8 -erdp- d 58! 5e#+!8 5#!8;5#!8&
U!-(+ d- pe!8m-! ompressor -d+ d!-(m+! +re! pd s- pr+-+(m) ompressor ! s(#- (!-(+ d5o!8+r& Jd pr+-+! *! mem5o!8+r ps!8 5#o$er s4&
1$% Pemaha+an
Pd pr+-+(m !) d#+(+! per$-! -er*dp #- +ompresor) 5#o$er d! .!& Kompresor) 5#o$er d! .! (m(m d8(!+! d#m !d(s-r (!-(+ me!8#r+! .#(d 98s de!8! -e+!! -er-e!-(& Per$-! !8 d#+(+! d#* de!8! r mem5o!8+r 58!; 58! dr +ompresor) 5#o$er) d! .!) me#+(+! de!-.+s) pe!8ee++! d! per$-! 9pd 58! pe!-!8 pd #-) +em(d! mems!8 +em5# +ompo!e! ses( de!8! +ed! sem(#& Pem5o!8+r! d! pems!8! +em5# +ompo!e! #- d#+(+! de!8! 5!-(! #- 5er(p +(! ps) o5e!8) +(! L) d! per#-! per5e!8+e#! #! !8 d5(-( d5(-(*+ *+!& !& Pem5o! Pem5o!8+ 8+r! r! d! pems! pems!8! 8! +em5# +em5# +ompo! +ompo!e! e! p5# p5# me!88( me!88(!+ !+! ! m(r/5(- d#+(+! de!8! r* me!#!8& H# -erse5(- dm+s(d+! 8r perm(+! #!8 d+(! de!8! m(r 5erd d#m poss !8 sme-rs d! dp- me!8*!dr p-*! perm(+! #- !8 +! d+(!& Kompresor d#* #- (!-(+ me!8#r+! .#(d 98s de!8! -e+!! !8 re#-. -!88 90;100ps& Te+!! Te+!! !8 d*s#+! d*s#+! mer(p+! 8s/(dr !8 !8 dmmp-+! dr 5e!-(+ (dr pd -mos.r +re! d! +er4 dr -or+ 9ps-o!& Ker4 ps-o! 5ers# dr e!er8 me+!+ !8 d*s#+! +re! d! p(-r! -ors pd mo-or !8 -er*(5(!8 de!8! r(s #s-r+& Ps-o! 5er8er+ de!8! +o!ds Bs#!8 5er8!-!C d#m me#+(+! pe!8*sp! (dr dr -mos.er d! me#+(+! pe#eps! (dr 5er-e+!! me!(4( pe!mp(!8 de!8! +o!-ro# pe!8e#(r! -er-e!-(& Kompo!e! pe!-!8 dr 58! +ompresor -( +er!8+ 9body) 9body))) poros e!8+o# 9cra 9 crank nk shaft) shaft),, 5-!8 pe!8*(5(!8 9 connecting rod ), cross head, s#!der) s#!der) water jacket, -or+ 9ps-o!) !! -or+) 5-!8 -or+) !! pe!*! pe!*! 8s) s) ring ring oil scrapper scrapper,, d! +-(p pe!(-(p& pe!(-(p& "e!-(+ "e!-(+ per$-! per$-! -er*dp -er*dp +ompresor +ompresor dpme!!8+-+! e.se!s +!er4 ss-em& Se*!88 (!-(+ me!++! e.se!s -erse5(- per#( d#+(+! d#+(+! pe!8ee++! pe!8ee++! -er4d$# -er4d$# d! 5e5erp 5e5erp per$-! per$-! -er*dp -er*dp +ompo!e! +ompo!e!;+omp ;+ompo!e! o!e! !8 !8 d d pd pd ##- seperseper- pe#( pe#(m ms! s! pd pd 58 58! ! pe!8 pe!88e 8er+ r+/p /por oros os pem(pem(-r r -ors -ors)) pem5ers*! sr!8! (dr dr pe!(m5-) memer+s 58! #- 8r -d+ -er4d +e5oor! (dr -e+!) ser- me#+(+! pe!88!-! s(+( d!8 pd 58! !8 s(d* +(r!8 #+ (!-(+ d8(!+!& "#o$er "#o$er d#* d#* ##- (!-(+ (!-(+ me!8# me!8#r+ r+! ! .#(d .#(d 98s 98s de!8! de!8! -e+! -e+!! ! !8 !8 re#- re#-ee sed! sed!8 8 9se+ 9se+-r r 0ps 0ps && Pr! Pr!s sp p +er4 +er4 dr dr 5#o$ 5#o$er er mrp mrp de!8 de!8! ! .!& .!& "#o$ "#o$er er d! d! .! .! d8er++! o#e* mo-or !8 -er*(5(!8 de!8! ro-or) (dr d*sp ms(+ po#-e d! +!
d*em5(s+! d*em5(s+! +e#(r 5ersm! 5ersm! de!8! de!8! pe!88er+! pe!88er+! propeller/impeller +e-+ (dr ms(+ +e 58! po#-e& Per5ed! dr 5#o$er d! .! -( 4(m#* #r! 8s d! -e+!! !8 d*s#+!& d*s#+!& Um(m! Um(m! +ompo!e! +ompo!e! dr 5#o$er 5#o$er d! .! ser(p& ser(p& Se*!88 #!8+* #!8+* per$-! !8 d#+(+! 4(8 sm& Perms#*! !8 -er4d 5d 5#o$er/.! (m(m! d#* d! noise, 8e-r! !8 5er#e5*) d! +!er4 !8 5(r(+ 9e.se!s 5er+(r!8& Per$-! dr perms#*! 5#o$er/.! dp- d#+(+! de!8! 5e5erp r seper- pemer+s! ser 5er+# 9ms# se-p 2 m!88( m!88( se+#) me#+(+! me#+(+! pem5ers*! pem5ers*! +ompo!e! +ompo!e! blades ( 5#!8;5#!8 ), mer$- d! me#+(+! pe!88!-! 5e#- 94+ dper#(+!) per5+! pd 58! mo-or 94+ d 8(!+! mo-or de!8! e.se!s e!er8 !8 op-m#) me#+(+! pe#(ms! pd 58! impe impell ller er d! 58! #! !8 ser!8 5er8ese+!) d! 4+ per#( d#+(+! pe!88!-! pd 5e5erp +ompo!e! p5# +o!ds! s(d* r(s+&
BAB 4 *IMPULAN 1.
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