Facultad: Derecho y Ciencias Políticas Tema: LAS OBLIGACIONES Y SU FORMA DE EXTINCIÓN DOCENTE:
VII
PLASENCIA ALBURQUEQUE, SANTOS R.
2017
DICATORIA
Dedico este este trabajo a mi madre que fue fue el pilar fundamental fundamental en el inicio de mi carrera profesional. De maner manera a mu muy y espec specia iall a
nues nu estr tro o Padr Padre e Cele Celest stia iall que que con con su
compañía y protección nos impulsa a la superación personal, personal, espiritual y profesional.
El Autor
INDICE INTRODUCCIÓN I.- OBLIGACIÓN: 1.1.
DEFINICION ETIMOLOGÍCA.
1. 2
CONCEPTO DE OBLIGACION.
1.3
ELEMENTOS DE LA OBLIGACIÓN
II.- LA OBLIGACIÓN CIVIL 2.1 2.2
DEFINICIÓN: CARACTERÍSTICAS:
III.- EXTINCIÓN DE LA OBLIGACIÓN CIVIL 3.1 3.2 3.3
DEFINICIÓN DE EXTINCIÓN: DEFINICIÓN DE EXTINCIÓN DE OBLIGACIÓN CIVIL FORMAS DE EXTINCIÓN DE LAS OBLIGACIONES
IV.- FUENTES DE LAS OBLIGACIONES. V.- CLASIFICACION DE LAS OBLIGACIONES.5.1. POR SU FUENTE: 5.2. POR LA NATURALEZA DE LA PRESTACION: 5.3. POR LA PLURALIDAD DE OBJETOS: 5.. POR LA PLURALIDAD DE SUJETOS: 5.5. POR ESTAR DETERMINADA O SER DETERMINABLE 5.2.1. LAPRESTACION 5.2.2. POR SU INDEPENDENCIA: 5.3.3. POR EL CONTENIDO DE LA PRESTACION: 5... POR SU EXIGIBILIDAD: 5.5.5. OBLIGACIONES DE MEDIOS O DE RESULTADO: 5.!.!. DE EJECUCION INSTANTANEA O DURADERA:
VI.-
EL PAGO !.1.- CONCEPTO !.2.-
RE"UISITOS GENERALES PARA LA VALIDEZ DEL PAGO
6.3.- REQUISITOS ESPECIALES PARA LA VALIDEZ DEL PAGO 6.4.- PERSONA QUIEN DEBE EFECTUARSE EL PAGO
6.5.- SUJETOS 6.6.- OBJETO DEL PAGO 6.7.- MTODOS DE PAGO 6.!.- LUGAR DEL PAGO 6.".- LA PRUEBA DEL PAGO: 6.#$.- FORMAS DE PAGO BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
INTRODUCCION
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I.
OBLIGACIÓN:
1.1.
DEFINICION ETIMOLOGÍCA.
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1-2.
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1.3.
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II.
LA OBLIGACIÓN CIVIL
2.1
DEFINICIÓN:
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III.
EXTINCIÓN DE LA OBLIGACIÓN CIVIL III.1. DEFINICIÓN DE EXTINCIÓN:
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c.
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+. CONSOLIDACIÓN (Artíc!" 1, CC%
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M0T0O DISENSO (Artíc!" 1,1, CC%
E' /4/% 8($,+$% 4#&(=+ 8,+%(+#8% 0,$('(#*(6+ 0,$$('(#4(%+ ,+ F0#+*(# ,$ /+ %8% 8, ,94(+*(6+ 8, '#$ %&'()#*(%+,$ /, %0 $/$ *#0#*4,0$4(*#$ #04(*/'#0,$ 0,$/'4# /+% 8, '%$ ('#0,$ ,+ /, $, >/+8#,+4# '# &#$, 8, +/,$40% $($4,# ,$ 8,*(0 ,' '(&0, ,,0*(*(% 8, '# #/4%+%# 0(#8#. E+ ,>,*4% #$ *%% ,' *%+40#4% 0(#8% *,',&0#8% '(&0,,+4, ,+40, 8%$ #04,$ */;#$ +(*#$ 0,$40(**(%+,$ % '((4#*(%+,$ $, ,+*/,+40#+ ,+ '# >0%+4,0# 8, '%$ 8,0,*<%$ 8, '%$ 4,0*,0%$ ; '#$ +%0#$ /, (+4,0,$#+ # '# %0#' #' %08,+ &'(*% ; # '#$ &/,+#$ *%$4/&0,$ *%+$4(4/;, '# *%+$#)0#*(6+ 8,' %$4/'#8% 8, '# #/4%+%# 8, '# %'/+4#8 0(#8# '# ($# /, (+*'/;, '# '(&,04#8 8, *%+40#4#0 ; '# '(&,04#8 *%+40#*4/#' ,' /4/% 8($,+$% ,$ '# *%0%+#*(6+ 8, ,$4# '(&,04#8 ;# /, ,$ ,' #*/,08% 8, '%$ ($%$ *%+40#4#+4,$ #0# 8,#0 $(+ ,>,*4% ,' *%+40#4% /, '%$ '()#. S6'% '#$ 0%(#$ #04,$ /, %0 ,8(% 8,' *%+40#4% *0,#0%+ /+# 0,'#*(6+ /08(*# %&'()#*(%+#' /,8,+ 8,*(8(0 -; '',#0 # '# 0*4(*# 4#' 8,*($(6+- %+,0', >(+ ,94(+)/(0'#7 '# ($# %'/+4#8 /, 4/% '# >#*/'4#8 8, *0,#0 ,' +*/'% ,$ '# /, /,8, 0,$%',0'%. E$ /,$ ,+ =0(4% # '# #/4%+%# 8, '# %'/+4#8 0(#8# *%% ,, 8, +/,$40% $($4,# 8, D,0,*<% /, ,' ',)($'#8%0 8,',)# ,+ '%$ #04(*/'#0,$ '# %4,$4#8 8, *0,#0 %0)#+(#0 ; 8,$<#*,0 '# #;%0 #04, 8, $/$ 0,'#*(%+,$ ,8(#+4, #*4%$ /08(*%$ #04(*/'#0,+4, '#$ 0,'#*(%+,$ 8, *%+4,+(8% ,*%+6(*% % #40(%+(#'.
LOS EFECTOS DE LAS OBLIGACIONES SU FORMA DE EXTINCIÓN
IV.- FUENTES DE LAS OBLIGACIONES.1. L! L"#: E$ '# >/,+4, (+,8(#4# 8, '# %&'()#*(6+. L#$ %&'()#*(%+,$ +#*,+ 8, '# ',; ,$ 8,*(0 $/ $%'# #/4%0(8#8 8# +#*((,+4% # /+# 0,'#*(6+ %&'()#*(%+#' *%+*0,4# 8,/8%0 #*0,,8%0 ; 0,$4#*(6+ 8,&(8# *%+ (+8,,+8,+*(# 8, 4%8% #*4% %'/+4#0(% % 8, *%%04#(,+4% 8,' $/,4%. L# ',; 8# %0(),+ # '# %&'()#*(6+ 8, '# %'/+4#8 8, '# ',; $/0),+ %&'()#*(%+,$.
E$"%&'(: T%8%$ '%$ #80,$ 4(,+,+ '# %&'()#*(6+ 8, 0,$4#0 #'(,+4%$ # $/$ <(%$ ,$ /+# %&'()#*(6+ /, $, ,+*/,+40# 0,$*0(4# ,+ '# +%0# E' *%+40#4% 8, *%0# ,+4#. 8# %0(),+ # '# %&'()#*(6+ 8, ,+40,)#0 #')% # *#&(% 8, /+ 0,*(% ; $, ,+*/,+40# 4((>(*#8# ,+ '# +%0#
2. L! V('*+!, ," '! &!+": L# #+(>,$4#*(6+ '# ,94,0(%0(#*(6+ '# 8,*'#0#*(6+ - 8, '# %'/+4#8 8, '#$ #04,$ 8# %0(),+ # /+# %&'()#*(6+. E$4# %'/+4#8 8,*'#0#8# 8, '#$ #04,$ /,8, 8#0$, 8, #+,0# /+('#4,0#' % &('#4,0#'.
2.!. E$ */'!+"!' */#+8% '# %&'()#*(6+ +#*, %0 ,' #*/,08% 8, /+# #04,. E$"%&'(: L#$ 8($%$(*(%+,$ 4,$4#,+4#0(#$. X ,+ $/ 4,$4#,+4% 8($/$% /, 4%8%$ $/$ <,0,8,0%$ >%0%$%$ $, *%0%,4#+ # #'(,+4#0 ; # +% 0,)#'#0 # +(+)/+% 8, $/$ )#4%$. D, #+,0# /+('#4,0#' X ),+,06 %&'()#*(%+,$ # $/$ <,0,8,0%$.
2. 0. E$ 0/'!+"!' */#+8% '# %&'()#*(6+ +#*, %0 ,' #*/,08% 8, 8%$ % $ #04,$.
E$"%&'(:
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
E* "' D""( R(%!*( " "(*(! 4 5"*+":
1. L%$ *%+40#4%$: #*/,08%$ 8, %'/+4#8,$ 8, 8%$ % $ #04,$ #0# *0,#0 /+# %&'()#*(6+ 2. L%$ */#$( *%+40#4%$: #/,''%$ #*4%$ /, $(+ $,0 #*/,08%$ 8, %'/+4#8 *%% '%$ *%+40#4%$ ),+,0#&#+ ,>,*4%$ $(('#0,$ # =$4%$ 3. E' 8,'(4%: */#+8% /+# ,0$%+# (+4,+*(%+#',+4, *#/$#&# /+ 8#% # %40# . E' */#$( 8,'(4%: */#+8% ,' #*4% +,)'(),+4, 8, /+# ,0$%+# 0%8/*# /+ 8#% 5. L# ',;
V.- CLASIFICACION DE LAS OBLIGACIONES.-
4.1. POR SU FUENTE: #. L,)#',$: C/#+8% '# %&'()#*(6+ ,#+# 8, '# ',; &. V%'/+4#0(#$: C/#+8% '# %&'()#*(6+ $/0), 8, '# #+(>,$4#*(6+ 8, %'/+4#8 /+('#4,0#' % &('#4,0#' 8, '#$ #04,$
4.2. POR LA NATURALEZA DE LA PRESTACION: #. POSITIVAS: A/,''# %&'()#*(6+ */;# 0,$4#*(6+ *%%04#(,+4% *%+$($4, ,+ 8#0 % <#*,0 #')%
D#0
- B(,+,$ *(,04%$ % 8,4,0(+#8%$ - B(,+,$ (+*(,04%$ % (+8,4,0(+#8%$ - S/# 8, 8(+,0%
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&. NEGATIVAS: C%+$($4, ,+ #&$4,+,0$, 8, <#*,0 #')%
N% <#*,0
4.3. POR LA PLURALIDAD DE OB6ETOS: A/,''# %&'()#*(6+ /, ,$4 *%+$4(4/(8#$ %0 /+# '/0#'(8#8 %0 /+# 8(,0$(8#8 - %0 #0(#$ 0,$4#*(%+,$. #. C%+/+4(#$: C/#+8% ,' 8,/8%0 4(,+, /, */'(0 *%+ 4%8#$ 8, ,''#$ ; &. A'4,0+#4(#$: C/#+8% ,' 8,/8%0 8,&, */'(0 %0 *%',4% /+# 8, ,''#$ % *. F#*/'4#4(#$: U+# %&'()#*(6+ ,$ 0(+*(#' ; '# %40# #**,$%0(# ; ,' 8,/8%0 4(,+, '# >#*/'4#8 8, $/$4(4/(0 /+# 0,$4#*(6+ %0 %40# 5.. POR LA PLURALIDAD DE SU6ETOS:
A/,''# %&'()#*(6+ /, ,$4 *%+$4(4/(8# %0 /+# '/0#'(8#8 % %0 #0(%$ $/,4%$. #. D(($(&',$ , I+8(($(&',$: 8,,+8, 8, '# +#4/0#',# 8, '# 0,$4#*(6+ &. M#+*%/+#8#$ ; S%'(8#0(#$: 8,,+8, 8, '# >%0# *%% '#$ #04,$ $, <#+ %&'()#8%
4.4. POR ESTAR DETERMINADA O SER DETERMINABLE LA PRESTACION 4.7. POR SU INDEPENDENCIA: #. E* !*+( ! '! PRESTACION
P0(+*(#': '# %&'()#*(6+ 4(,+, ,9($4,+*(# 0%(# +% 8,,+8, 8, %40# 0,'#*(6+ %&'()#*(%+#'
A**,$%0(#: */#+8% $/ ,9($4,+*(# 8,,+8, 8, /+# 0(+*(#'. L% #**,$%0(% $()/, '# $/,04, 8, '% 0(+*(#'
&. E* !*+( ! '( SU6ETOS (0'/8!,(
P0(+*(#': ,' 8,/8%0 ; #*0,,8%0 $, ,+*/,+40#+ %&'()#8%$ 8, #+,0# 8(0,*4#
A**,$%0(%: '# ,9($4,+*(# 8, /+ $/,4% 8,,+8, 8, %40% $/,4%
4.9. POR EL CONTENIDO DE LA PRESTACION: #. P#40(%+(#': C/#+8% '# 0,$4#*(6+ '# *%+8/*4# ,' *%%04#(,+4% $()+(>(*# /+ $#*0(>(*(% ,*%+6(*% /, $, 0,#'(# #0# $#4($>#*,0 /+ ( +4,0=$ &. E940# #40(%+(#': */#+8% '# 0,$4#*(6+ +% $()+(>(*# /+ $#*0(>(*(% ,*%+6(*% $(+% /, ,$ /+ 8,0,*<% (+<,0,+4,.
4.. POR SU EXIGIBILIDAD: #. O&'()#*(%+,$ C((',$: S%+ #/,''#$ %&'()#*(%+,$ /, $%+ ,9()(&',$ &. O&'()#*(%+,$ +#4/0#',$: S%+ #/,''#$ /, +% $%+ ,9()(&',$
4.;. OBLIGACIONES DE MEDIOS O DE RESULTADO: #. D, R,$/'4#8%: C/#+8% ,' 8,/8%0 $, *%0%,4, # */'(0 /+# 0,$4#*(6+ 8,4,0(+#8#. S, %&'()# >0,+4, #' #*0,,8%0 # /+ 0,$/'4#8% 8,4,0(+#8%. L# %&'()#*(6+ $, */', $( ,' 0,$/'4#8% $, %&4(,+, &. D, ,8(%$ % 8, #*4((8#8: */#+8% ,' 8,/8%0 $, *%0%,4, # 0,#'(#0 4%8#$ '#$ #*4((8#8,$ +,*,$#0(#$ %0 ,8(% 8,' */#' %&4,+80 /+ 0,$/'4#8% ,$,0#8% %0 ,' #*0,,8%0. E' 0,$/'4#8% ,$ #',#4%0(% +% ,$ $,)/0% +( )#0#+4(#8% %0 ,' 8,/8%0. L# %&'()#*(6+ $, */', */#+8% $, 0,#'(# '# #*4((8#8.
4.1<. DE E6ECUCION INSTANTANEA O DURADERA: #. I+$4#+4+,#: C/#+8% +#*, '# %&'()#*(6+ , (+,8(#4#,+4, $, */', *%+ ,''#. L# %&'()#*(6+ $, #)%4# (+$4#+4+,#,+4, *%+ ,' */'((,+4% 8, '# 0,$4#*(6+ &. D/0#8,0#: C/#+8% '# 0,'#*(6+ %&'()#*(%+#' 8($*/00, # 40#=$ 8,' 4(,%. N#*, '# %&'()#*(6+ ; ,$4# $, */', 8, #+,0# ,0(68(*#
IV.
EL PAGO .1.- CONCE'TO E' #)% ,$ '# >%0# +%0#' 8, ,94(+)/(0 '#$ %&'()#*(%+,$ $(+ ,�)% +% ,$ '# +(*#. E9($4,+ %40#$ >%0#$ 8, ,94(+)/(0 '#$ %&'()#*(%+,$ *%% '# +%#*(6+ $/$4(4/;,+8% /+# %&'()#*(6+ %0 /+# +/,# '# *%,+$#*(6+ */#+8% # /+# %&'()#*(6+ ', ,$ %/,$4# %40# /, ,9($4, ,+40, ,' ($% #*0,,8%0 ; ,' ($% 8,/8%0 '# *%+8%+#*(6+ /, ,$ ,' ,086+ 8, '# 8,/8# '# *%+$%'(8#*(6+ % *%+>/$(6+ */#+8% ,+ /+# ($# ,0$%+# $, *%+>/+8,+ '#$ */#'(8#8,$ 8, 8,/8%0 ; #*0,,8%0 E4*. E9($4,+ #0(%$ *0(4,0(%$ #0# 8(>,0,+*(#0 '%$ ,8(%$ ,94(+4(%$ 8, '#$ %&'()#*(%+,$. A$ P'#+(%' ; R(,04 $,#'#+ 40,$ *0(4,0(%$. E' 0(,0% ,$ */#+8% ,' #*0,,8%0 %&4(,+, '# 0,$4#*(6+ 8,&(8# /, ,$ ,' #)%. L# $,)/+8# */#+8% $, 0,*(&# $#4($>#**(6+ ,+ %40# >%0# *%% %*/00(0# ,+ '#
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
2.-
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
,.-
RE0ISITOS ES'ECIALES 'ARA LA VALIDE3 DEL 'AGO #. L# *##*(8#8 ',+# ,+ ,' 8,/8%0: E$ (+8($,+$#&', #0# '%)0#0 '# 40#+$>,0,+*(# 8, 8($%$(*(6+ % 8, ,+#,+#*(6+. U+ (+*## 0(#8% 8, 8($*,0+((,+4% +% /,8, ,>,*4/#0 /+ +,)%*(% '(8% 8, ,+#,+#*(6+. &. S, ,9(), '# #/4=+4(*# 0%(,8#8 8,' 8,/8%0 0,$,*4% 8,' &(,+ /, 40#+$>(,0,: S6'% 0,/+(,+8% #&%$ 0,/($(4%$ ,' 8,/8%0 %80 0,#'(#0 /+ #)% (+#4#*#&', , (+(/)+#&',.
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'ERSONA 0IEN DEBE EFECT0ARSE EL 'AGO E' #)% ,94(+)/, '# %&'()#*(6+ */#+8% $, ,>,*4# #+4, ,' #*0,,8%0 % #+4, ,' 8,$()+#8% %0 ,' /, '# ',; % ,' 0%(% #*0,,8%0. I)/#',+4, $, *%+$(8,0# ,94(+)/(8# */#+8% $, 0,#'(*, #+4, /+# ,0$%+# +% #/4%0(#8# ,0% /, <# $(8% 0#4(>(*#8# % ,' #)% <#;# $(8% #0%,*<#8% %0 ,' #*0,,8%0. S(+ ,�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S04ETOS S/,4% A*4(%
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.-
OB4ETO DEL 'AGO D,&, *%(+*(8(0 *%+ ,' *%+4,+(8% 8, '# %&'()#*(6+. S( '# %&'()#*(6+ *%+$($4# ,+ '# ,+40,)# 8, /+# *%$# 8,4,0(+#8# ; =$4# $,
#.-
M5TODOS DE 'AGO E>,*4(%
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$.- L0GAR DEL 'AGO S( +#8# $,
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LA 'R0EBA DEL 'AGO: L# 0/,&# 8,' #)% (+*/&, # /(,+ 0,4,+8, <#&,0'% ,>,*4/#8% '% /, ,/(#', # 8,*(0 /, *%00,$%+8, #' 8,/8%0 '# *#0)# 8, '# 0/,&#. S(
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c. IM'0TACIÓ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
'',#0 # *%+$(8,0#0 /, '# (/4#*(6+ %,0# +(*#,+4, ,+ '#$ %&'()#*(%+,$ 8, 8#0 #04(*/'#0,+4, ,+ '#$ 8, 8#0 $/# 8, 8(+,0% % $( ,''# ,$ 4#&(=+ /08(*#,+4, %$(&', ,+ '#$ 8, <#*,0 ; #/+ ,+ '# 8, +% <#*,0.
+. 'AGO 'OR S0BROGACIÓ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
. DACIÓN EN 'AGO
L# 8#4(% (+ $%'/4/ 6$,# 8#*(6+ ,+ #)% ;# /, */#+8% $, <#&'# 8, /+ #)% %0 ,+40,)# 8, &(,+,$ $, 8,$(,04# '# (8,# 8, /, $, <# ,+40,)#8% #')% *%0%0#' #')% 4#+)(&', ; ,$4, %8% ,94(+4(% 8, %&'()#*(%+,$ +% $, 0,8/*, $%'#,+4, # '# %$(&('(8#8 8, ,+40,)# 8, /+# *%$# $(+% #8(4, %40#$ #'4,0+#4(#$ *%% $,0 '# ,,*/*(6+ 8, /+ <,*<% ,+ &,+,>(*(% 8,' #*0,,8%0 ,8(#+4, ,' */#' %80# $#'8#0$, % ,94(+)/(0$, /+# %&'()#*(6+ */;# 0,$4#*(6+ >/,$, 8($4(+4#. A' *#&(% (+40%8/*(8% ,+ '# +%0# O$4,0'(+) P#0%8( +%$ 8(*, /, ?+#8# ((8, /, $, ,+40,)/, 8(+,0% ,+ #)% 8, /+# 0,$4#*(6+ /, +% *%+$($4# ,+ /+# $/# 8, 8(+,0%. S, <# *%+$(8,0#8% /, $(,0, /, $, ,+40,)/, /+# 0,$4#*(6+ 8(>,0,+4, # '# ,$4(/'#8# <#&0 8#*(6+ ,+ #)%@.
/. 'AGO INDEBIDO S, 8,+%(+# 4#&(=+ ?#)% 8, '% /, +% $, 8,&,@ ?*%+8(4(% (+8,&(4(@ ,$ ,' #)% <,*<% $(+ ,$4#0 %&'()#8% # <#*,0'%. N% ,9($4, %&'()#*(6+ +( 8,/8# %0 #)#07 +% $(/(,0# <#; /+ 8,&,0 %0#' /, /$4(>(/, ,' #)%. E' #)% (+8,&(8% ,$ /,$ ,' #)% 0,#'(#8% %0 ,00%0 8, <,*<% % 8, 8,0,*<% ; $(+ +(+)+ >/+8#,+4% /08(*%. I)/#',+4, $, *%+$(8,0# *%% #)% (+8,&(8% ,' /, ,9($4(,+8% ,+8(,+4, 0,#',+4, /+# %&'()#*(6+ $, <#*, %0 ,00%0 # /+# ,0$%+# /, +% ,$ ,' #*0,,8%07 % ,' /, ()/#',+4, %0 ,00%0 $, <#*, %0 /(,+ +% ,$ ,' 8,/8%0 ,0% *0,;,+8% /, 8,&,. C%% ,' #)% (+8,&(8% ,$ <,*<% # &#$, 8, ,00%0 ,$ 0,,4(&',.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA:
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