DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI I SI
DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI...................................................................... .................................... 1 BAB I.
PENDAHULUAN. PENDAHULUAN........ ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ........................... ......................... ..... 2
BAB II. ISI......... ISI............... ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. ................. .......... 4 A. PERSEPSI.... PERSEPSI........... .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. ................. ................. ....... 4 B. GANGGUAN GANGGUAN PERSEPSI ............ ................... ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. ........... .... 5 a. Depersonali Depersonalisasi sasi....... ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ...................... ................ 7 . Derealisasi........................................................................... ........ ! ". Il#si .............. ................... ............ .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ...... 1$ %. Hal#sinasi Hal#sinasi ............. .................... ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ................ .......... 11 BAB III. PENUTUP..... PENUTUP............ ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. .............. ....... 1! DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTA& PUSTA&A..... A............ ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ........................ .......................... ......... 1'
1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Perse Perseps psii era erasa sall %ari %ari a(as a(asaa la)i la)in n perceptio *an+ *an+ erar) erar)ii ,eneri ,eneri,a ,a a)a# a)a# ,en+a, ,en+a,il il.. A%ap#n A%ap#n ,en#r#) ,en#r#) -a,#s -a,#s esar esar a(asa a(asa In%one In%onesia sia persep persepsi si i)# a%ala( a%ala( proses seseoran+ ,en+e)a(#i eerapa (al ,elal#i pan"ain%ran*a.1 Persepsi ,er#pa-an a-)i/i)as ,en+in%era ,en+in)e+rasi-an %an ,e,eri-an penilaian pa%a o0e-o0e- isi- ,a#p#n o0e- sosial %an pen+in%eraan )erse#) )er+an)#n+ pa%a s)i,#l#s isi- %an s)i,#l#s sosial *an+ a%a %i lin+-#n+ann*a. Sensasisensasi %ari lin+ lin+-# -#n+a n+an n a-an a-an %iol %iola( a( ersa ersa,a ,as sa, a,aa %en+ %en+an an (al (al(al (al *an+ *an+ )ela )ela( ( %ipe %ipela la0a 0ari ri seel#,n*a ai- (al i)# er#pa (arapan(arapan nilainilai si-ap in+a)an %an lain lain. Persepsi )er%iri %ari a%an*a o0e- s)i,#l#s pan"ain%era %an proses pen+ola(an persepsi %ala, o)a- ,an#sia. 3a-a +an++#an persepsi a%ala( -e)i%a-,a,p#an ,an#sia %ala, ,e,e%a-an an)ara ran+san+ *an+ )i,#l %ari s#,er in)ernal seper)i pi-iran perasaan sensasi so,a)i- %en+an i,p#ls %an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal. enis enis0eni 0eniss +an++#a +an++#an n persep persepsi si ,en#r# ,en#r#)) &aplan &aplan %an Sa%%o"Sa%%o"-ss )er%ir )er%irii %ari %ari Depersonalisasi Derealisasi Il#si %an Hal#sinasi. Depersonalisasi ,er#pa-an sa)# -on%isi -on%isi pa)olo pa)olo+is +is *an+ *an+ ,#n"#l ,#n"#l sea+ai sea+ai a-ia) a-ia) %ari %ari perasa perasaan an s#*e-)i s#*e-)i %en+an %en+an +a,aran seseoran+ ,en+ala,i a)a# ,erasa-an %iri sen%iri 6a)a# )##(n*a sea+ai )i%a- n*a)a a)a# -(a*ali 6asin+ )i%a- %i-enali. Derealisasi a%ala( perasaan s#*e-)i a(8a lin+-#n+ann*a ,en0a%i asin+ )i%a- n*a)a. Il#si a%ala( sa)# persepsi *an+ -elir# a)a# ,en*i,pan+ %ari s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a. Se%an+-an (al#sinasi a%ala( persepsi a)a# )an++apan pals# )i%a- er(##n+an %en+an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a9 ,en+(a*a)i +e0ala+e0ala *an+ %i-(a*al-an sea+ai (al *an+ n*a)a.2 Psi Psi-opa -opa))olo+ olo+ii
a%al a%ala( a(
sa) sa)#
"aa "aan+ n+
il,# il,#
psi psi-ia) -ia)ri ri
*an+ an+
,e, ,e,pela pela0a 0ari ri
pen*i,pan+an *an+ 0elas )a,pa- pa%a -esa%aran ala, perasaan pi-iran )in+-a( la-# %an pola rea-si )o)al 6-epria%ian )er(a%ap era+ai ,asala( *an+ %i(a%api.:
2
Beri-#) a-an %i#rai-an ,en+enai pen+er)ian persepsi 0enis0enis +an++#an persepsi ser)a psi-opa)olo+in*a.
3
BAB II ISI
A. PERSEPSI
Persepsi a%ala( %a*a ,en+enal -#ali)as (##n+an ser)a pere%aan s#a)# en%a
,elal#i
proses
,en+a,a)i
,en+e)a(#i
%an
,en+ar)i-an
se)ela(
pan"ain%eran*a ,en%apa) ran+san+an. Proses persepsi ,e,#)#(-an o0e- l#ar ran+san+an %an pan"ain%era 6resep)or. 3en#r#) Gison persepsi a%ala( proses -o+ni)i *an+ %iper+#na-an ole( in%i/i%# #n)#- ,enasir-an %an ,e,a(a,i %#nia se-i)arn*a 6)er(a%ap o0e-. Gison 0#+a ,en0elas-an a(8a persepsi ,er#pa-an proses pe,erian ar)i )er(a%ap lin+-#n+an ole( in%i/i%#. ;le( -arena i)# se)iap in%i/i%# ,e,eri-an ar)i -epa%a s)i,#l#s se"ara ere%a ,es-ip#n o0e-n*a sa,a. 3en#r#)
;0e- s)i,#l#s *an+ erasal %ari l#ar in%i/i%# %an pan"ain%era *an+ ,ana s)i,#l#s se"ara an+s#n+ ,en+enai sara sensoris *an+ er-er0a sea+ai resep)or.
•
A%an*a per(a)ian sea+ai lan+-a( per)a,a #n)#- ,en+a%a-an persepsi
4
Persepsi ,ele8a)i )i+a proses *ai)#4 a. Proses isi- > o0e-
s)i,#l#s
. Proses isiolo+is > s)i,#l#s
resep)or a)a# ala) in%era
sara sensoris
o)a-
". Proses psi-olo+is > Proses %ala, o)a- se(in++a in%i/i%# ,en*a%ari s)i,#l#s *an+ %i)eri,a
Gambar 1: Proses terjadina !erse!si
3a-a
+an++#an
persepsi
a%ala(
-e)i%a-,a,p#an
,an#sia
%ala,
,e,e%a-an an)ara ran+san+ *an+ )i,#l %ari s#,er in)ernal seper)i pi-iran perasaan sensasi so,a)i- %en+an i,p#ls %an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal.4
B. GANGGUAN PERSEPSI
Gan++#an persepsi %ia+i ,en0a%i 4 *ai)#:2? 1. Depersonalisasi Sa)# -on%isi pa)olo+is *an+ ,#n"#l sea+ai a-ia) %ari perasaan s#*e-)i %en+an +a,aran seseoran+ ,en+ala,i a)a# ,erasa-an %iri sen%iri 6a)a# )##(n*a sea+ai )i%a- n*a)a a)a# -(a*ali 6asin+ )i%a- %i-enali 2. Derealisasi Perasaan s#*e-)i a(8a lin+-#n+ann*a ,en0a%i asin+ )i%a- n*a)a
5
:. Il#si Sa)# persepsi *an+ -elir# a)a# ,en*i,pan+ %ari s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a 4. Hal#sinasi Persepsi a)a# )an++apan pals# )i%a- er(##n+an %en+an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a9 ,en+(a*a)i +e0ala+e0ala *an+ %i-(a*al-an sea+ai (al *an+ n*a)a. enis0enis (al#sinasi a%ala( •
Hal#sinasi (ipna+o+i-
•
Hal#sinasi (ipnapo,pi-
•
Hal#sinasi a#%i)ori-
•
Hal#sinasi /is#al
•
Hal#sinasi pen"i#,an
•
Hal#sinasi pen+e"apan
•
Hal#sinasi )a-)il
•
Hal#sinasi so,a)i-
•
Hal#sinasi lilip#)
•
Hal#sinasi *an+ se0alan %en+an ,oo%
•
Hal#sinasi *an+ )i%a- se0alan %en+an ,oo%
•
Hal#sinosis
•
Sines)esia
6
•
Trailing phenomenon
•
Command hallucination
Ber%asar-an psi-opa)olo+in*a +an++#an persepsi %apa) %ia+i ,en0a%i %#a en)#- *ai)# 1. Dis)orsi sensori- 6 sensory distortion -ea%aan %i,ana sala( )asir pan"ain%era a-ia) pen*i,pan+an 6%is)orsi %ala, ,enan+-ap ran+san+an sensori-. Ben)#- %is)orsi sensori- a%ala( er#pa7 a. Per#a(an in)ensi)as •
(iperes)esia ,erasa-an s#a)# ran+san+an sensori- se"ara erlei(
•
(ipos)esia ran+san+an sensori- %irasa-an -#ran+
. Per#a(an -#ali)as ". &#ali)as penilaian )er(a%ap ran+san+an sensori- er#a( •
-loropsia se,#a )a,pa- (i0a#
•
@an)opsia se,#a )a,pa- -#nin+
•
eri)ropsia se,#a )a,pa- ,era(
%. per#a(an en)#- 6%is,e+alopsia •
,i-ropsia en%a > en%a *an+ %ili(a) ,en0a%i lei( -e"il
•
,a-ropsia en%a > en%a *an+ %ili(a) ,en0a%i lei( esar
7
2. Desepsi sensori- 6 sensory deception ,#n"#ln*a persepsi ar# %en+an a)a# )anpa o0e- l#ar. 3#n"#ln*a persepsi ar# %en+an o0e- l#ar %ise#) sea+ai il#si se%an+ apaila )anpa o0e- l#ar %ise#) (al#sinasi.
a. De!ersona"isasi
&a)a %epersonalisasi per)a,a -ali %ise#)-an ole( D#+as pa%a )a(#n 1!'' %en+an ,en+a"# %ari sin%ro, cerebro-cardiac neurosis.! Depersonalisasi a%ala( s#a)# -on%isi pa)olo+is *an+ ,#n"#l sea+ai a-ia) %ari perasaan s#*e-)i %en+an +a,aran seseoran+ ,en+ala,i a)a# ,erasa-an %iri sen%iri 6a)a# )##(n*a sea+ai )i%a- n*a)a a)a# -(a*ali 6asin+ )i%a- %i-enali.? 3al%onal%o e) al erpen%apa) %epersonalisasi ,en"a-#p -e(ilan+an a)a# per#a(an )e,porer %ala, perasaan *an+ iasa ,en+enai reali)as %iri sen%iri. Dala, s#a)# )a(ap %epersonalisasi oran+ ,erasa )erpisa( %ari %irin*a sen%iri %an lin+-#n+an %i se-i)arn*a. 3ere-a ,#n+-in ,e,ili-i perasaan (i%#p %ala, ,i,pi a)a# il, a)a# er)in+-a( la-# seper)i roo). 3en#r#) &i(ls)ro, +an++#an %epersonalisasi lei( serin+ ,#n"#l pa%a re,a0a %an %e8asa ,#%a %en+an %i)an%ai perasaan (ilan+n*a e-sis)ensi %iri. 3ere-a )ia)ia ,erasa ere%a )##(n*a se"ara %ras)is er#a( %an ,en0a%i ere%a. Serin+ ,ere-a ,erasa-an %irin*a )erlepas %ari a%an ,ere-a sen%iri %an ,en*a-si-an apa *an+ )er0a%i pa%a a%ann*a 6o#)oo%* e@perien"es *an+ %%i-#)i persepsi ,en+#n0#n+i plane) %an )e,pa) lain. Depersonalisasi #,#,n*a %i+a,ar-an sea+ai perasaan )erisolasi )a- ern*a8a ane( %an asin+9 %iri sen%iri %an oran+ lain %ian++ap sea+ai o)o,a) erperila-# ,e-anis 6seper)i roo) )anpa inisia)i a)a# pen+en%alian %iri. Se)iap oran+ %apa) ,en+ala,i pen+ala,an %epersonalisasi pa%a eerapa )i)i- %ala, -e(i%#pan )i%a- pe%#li apap#n +olon+ann*a. Se#a( peneli)ian %i U& ,en+-a0i a+ai,ana %o-)er %an )ena+a ,e%is lainn*a 0#+a %apa) ,en+ala,i (al ini.'
8
Te)api -e)i-a perasaan %epersonalisasi )er#s )er0a%i a)a# )i%a- perna( er(en)i ,a-a (al )erse#) %ian++ap sea+ai +an++#an %epersonalisasi. Gan++#an %epersonalisasi lei( #,#, pa%a oran+ *an+ perna( ,en+ala,i pen+ala,an )ra#,a)is ser)a serin+ ,en+ala,i )e-anan *an+ )in++i. Gan++#an %epersonalisasi %apa) ,en0a%i para( %an ,en++an++# a-)i/i)as se(ari(ari pe-er0aan %an (##n+an %en+an oran+ se-i)arn*a. b. Derea"isasi
Derealisasi %i%einisi-an sea+ai Perasaan s#*e-)i a(8a lin+-#n+ann*a ,en0a%i asin+ seola(ola( )i%a- n*a)a.? Ge0ala %erealisasi ,elip#)i •
Perasaan )erasin+ %ariCa)a# )eriasa %en+an lin+-#n+an seper)i )in++al %ala, se#a( il,
•
3erasa e,osional )erp#)#s %ari oran+oran+ *an+ %isa*an+i seper)i %ipisa(-an ole( %in%in+ -a"a
•
Lin+-#n+an *an+ ,#n"#l )er%is)orsi -a#r )i%a- er8arna %#a %i,ensi a)a# #a)an
•
Dis)orsi persepsi 8a-)# seper)i peris)i8a ar#ar# )erasa seper)i ,asa lal#
•
Dis)orsi 0ara- #-#ran %an en)#- en%a Depersonalisasi %an %erealisasi serin+ %i+olon+-an se"ara ersa,aan *an+
%ise#) %en+an +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi. Gan++#an %eprsonalisasi %erealisasi ini ,er#pa-an pe,a+ian %ari Gan++#an Disosia)i er%asar-an Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder – 5 6DS35.1$ Pen*ea pas)i %ari +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi ini el#, %i-e)a(#i %en+an pas)i. Beerapa peneli)i ,en"oa ,en+ai)-an an)ara a%an*a (##n+an %en+an )ra#,a ,asa -e"il seper)i -e-erasan /eral &DRT per"eraian a)a# %i)in++al-an
9
oran+ *an+ %isa*an+i ri8a*a) oran+)#a sa-i) ,en)al s)ress %an )ra#,a era). Tapi se#a( peneli)ian %i U& ,en+e,#-a-an a(8a (al(al i)# )i%a- )erlal# erperan se"ara si+nii-an -e"e,asanla( *an+ ,e,e+an+ peranan pen)in+.11 Beerapa peneli)ian lainn*a 0#+a ,en%#-#n+ a-an (al ini.121: A%a eerapa peneli)i ,en"oa ,ene,#-an -e)er-ai)an an)ara respon s)i,#li pa%a o)a- %en+an +e0ala +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi ini.1415 &ri)eria %ia+nos)i- +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi ,en#r#) DS35 a%ala(1$ A. A%an*a pen+ala,an persis)en a)a# er#lan+ %ari %epersonalisasi %erealisasi a)a# -e%#an*a. 1. Depersonalisasi Pen+ala,an )i%a- n*a)a ,erasa )erlepas %ari pe,i-iran sen%iri a)a# ,en0a%i seoran+ pen+a,a) %il#ar *an+ ,en+a,a)i pe,i-iran perasaan sensasi )##( a)a# )in%a-ann*a sen%iri 6seper)i +on)a+an)i persepsi ,erasa pen*i,pan+an 8a-)# %iri *an+ )i%a- n*a)a a)a# )i%a- a%a ,erasa -a-# se"ara e,osi %anCa)a# isi- 2. Derealisasi Pen+ala,an )i%a- n*a)a a)a# ,erasa )erlepas %ari pe,i-iran sen%iri seola(ola( era%a %ala, lin+-#n+an asin+ 6seper)i in%i/i%# a)a# o0e- %irasa-an )i%a- n*a)a seper)i ,i,pi er-a#) )i%a- a%a -e(i%#pan a)a# pan%an+an *an+ ,en*i,pan+ B. Sela,a ,en+ala,i %epersonalisasi a)a# %erealisasi pen+ala,an )erse#) %irasa-an )i%a- n*a)a . Ge0ala+e0alan*a ,en*ea-an pen%eri)aan *an+ si+nii-an a)a# ,en++an+# -e(i%#pan sosial pe-er0aan %an #n+si pen)in+ lainn*a %ala, (i%#p
10
D. Gan++#an ini )i%a- %isea-an ole( ee- isiolo+is s#s)ansi 6seper)i pen*ala(+#naan oa)oa) pen+oa)an a)a# -on%isi ,e%is lainn*a 6seper)i -e0an+ E. Gan++#an ini )i%a- isa %i0elas-an lei( ai- %ari +an++#an ,en)al lainn*a seper)i s-iorenia +an++#an pani- +an++#an %epresi ,a*or +an++#an s)res a-#) a)a# +an++#an %isosia)i lainn*a. Diperl#-an
0#+a
e/al#asi
%an
s-rinin+
pe,eri-saan
lainn*a
#n)#-
,ene+a--an %ia+nosis ini sala( sa)# *an+ %apa) ,e,an)# a%ala( ,e)o%e 8a8an"ara #n)#- pen%eri)a +an++#an %isosia)i 6Disso"ia)i/e Disor%ers In)er/ie8 S"(e%#le1? -arena +an++#an %epersonalisasi%erealisasi sea+ai +olon+an %ari Gan++#an %isosia)i ini ,asi( ,e,ili-i -e)er-ai)an %en+an -ri)eria %ia+nosis posttraumatic stress disorder 6PTSD.17 Penan+anan
#n)#-
+an++#an
%epersonalisasi%erealisasi
,elip#)i
ar,a-o)erapi %an psi-o)erapi. ;a)oa)an *an+ %i+#na-an sa,pai se-aran+ a%ala( +olon+an ansioli)i- %an an)i%epresan.1! Se%an+ %i-a0i ee-)ii)as %ari La,o)ri+ine )e)api ,e,erl#-an peneli)ian lei( lan0#).1' #. I"$si
Il#si Il#si a%ala( persepsi *an+ sala( (misperception a)a# in)erpre)asi persepsi *an+ sala( (misinterpretation )er(a%ap s#a)# s)i,#l#s sensori- e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a. Dala, ar)i lainn*a il#si a%ala( s#a)# persepsi pan"ain%era *an+ %isea-an a%an*a ran+san+an pan"ain%era *an+ %i)asir-an se"ara sala( a)a# in)erpre)asi *an+ sala( %ari s#a)# ran+san+an pa%a pan"ain%era. Sea+ai "on)o( seoran+ pen%eri)a %en+an perasaan *an+ ersala( %apa) ,en+in)erpre)asi-an s#ara +e,erisi- %a#n%a#n sea+ai s#ara *an+ ,en%e-a)in*a. Il#si serin+ )er0a%i pa%a saa) )er0a%in*a -e)a-#)an *an+ l#ar iasa pa%a pen%eri)a a)a# -arena in)o-si-asi ai- *an+ %isea-an ole( ra"#n ine-si ,a#p#n pe,a-aian
11
nar-o)i-a %an a) a%i-)i. A%a 0#+a peneli)ian *an+ ,en#n0#--an a(8a ran+san+ a#%io %an /is#al *an+ )a- se0enis %apa) ,en+a-ia)-an persepsi il#si apaila er#lan+-ali %ipapar-an pa%a pasien. Il#si )er0a%i %ala, er,a"a,,a"a, en)#- *ai)# il#si /is#al 6pen+li(a)an a-#s)i- 6pen%en+aran ola-)ori- 6pe,a#an +#s)a)ori- 6pen+e"apan %an il#si )a-)il 6peraaan.72$21 ;ran+oran+ serin+ ,e,er"a*ai il#si )er0a%i sea+ai s#a)# (##n+an sea a-ia) an)ara %#a -e0a%ian *an+ seenarn*a )i%a- salin+ )er-ai). Se(in++a il#si serin+ %i-ai)-an %en+an (al(al ,is)is %an )a-(a*#l se(in++a erpen+ar#( pa%a aspe- pen)in+ %ala, -e(i%#pan seper)i -ese(a)an -e#an+an %an -ese0a()eraan ,ere-a.22 A-(ira-(ir ini %i%apa)-an penin+-a)an 0#,la( peneli)ian *an+ ,en+-a0i il#si pa%a pasien s-iop(renia. Peneli)i ,en"oa ,en+-a0i il#si /is#al pa%a pasien s-iop(renia %ari se+i ne#roisiolo+is %an #n+sin*a ,es-ip#n ,asi( )er%apa) era+ai per%ea)an.2: A%a 0#+a peneli)ian ,en+enai il#si %ari -epe,ili-an )##( *an+ ,en+ai)-an an)ara il#si %en+an +e0ala %epersonalisasi%erealisasi *an+ )ela( %ia(as seel#,n*a %ia)as.24
d. Ha"$sinasi
Dian)ara se,#a 0enis +an++#an persepsi (al#sinasi *an+ palin+ serin+ %iala,i. Hal#sinasi a%ala( ,#n"#ln*a persepsi ar# 6 false perception )anpa o*e- l#ar. Hal#sinasi a%ala( persepsi sensoris *an+ pals# *an+ )i%a- er-ai)an %en+an s)i,#li e-s)ernal *an+ n*a)a9 ,#n+-in )er%apa) a)a# )i%a- )er%apa) in)erpre)asi 8a(a, )en)an+ pen+ala,an (al#sinasi. 3isaln*a ,en%en+ar s#ara a)a# isi-an oran+ )anpa a%a oran+ *an+ eri"ara 6s#,er #n*i. Hal#sinasi 0#+a %ipen+ar#(i ole( mental image *an+ -e,#%ian %ipro*e-si-an -e l#ar se(in++a seola( > ola( %a)an+n*a %ari l#ar %irin*a.
12
Di R#,a( Sa-i) i8a %i In%onesia se-i)ar 7$ (al#sinasi *an+ %iala,i ole( pasien +an++#an 0i8a a%ala( (al#sinasi pen%en+aran 2$ (al#sinasi pen+li(a)an %an 1$ lainn*a a%ala( (al#sinasi pen+(i%# pen+e"apan %an peraaan.25 Hal#sinasi ,er#pa-an +e0ala psi-opa)olo+i *an+ "#-#p seri#s %apa) %i)e,#-an pa%a +an++#an 0i8a *an+ or+ani- %an )er#)a,a +an++#an 0i8a *an+ #n+sional.2 enis > 0enis (al#sinasi seper)i a. Hal#sinasi (ipna+o+i- persepsi sensoris *an+ -elir# *an+ )er0a%i saa) a-an )er)i%#r9 se"ara #,#, #-an )er+olon+ eno,ena *an+ pa)olo+is. . Hal#sinasi (ipnapo,pi- persepsi sensori- -elir# *an+ )er0a%i saa) )eran+#n %ari )i%#r9 se"ara #,#, #-an )er+olon+ eno,ena pa)olo+is. ". Hal#sinasi %en+ar 6a#%i)ori- persepsi #n*i *an+ pals# iasan*a er#pa s#ara oran+ )e)api %apa) 0#+a #n*i#n*i lain seper)i ,#si-9 ,er#pa-an 0enis (al#sinasi *an+ palin+ serin+ %i)e,#-an pa%a +an++#an psi-ia)ri-. %. Hal#sinasi /is#al persepsi pen+li(a)an -elir# *an+ er#pa "i)ra *an+ eren)#- 6sea+ai "on)o(n*a oran+ %an "i)ra *an+ )i%a- eren)#- 6sea+ai "on)o(n*a -ila)an "a(a*a9 serin+-ali )er0a%i pa%a +an++#an ,e%is #,#,. e. Hal#sinasi "i#, 6ola-)oris persepsi ,en+(i%# *an+ pals#9 serin+-ali )er0a%i pa%a +an++#an ,e%is #,#,. . Hal#sinasi -e"ap 6+#s)a)oris persepsi )en)an+ rasa -e"ap *an+ -elir# seper)i rasa -e"ap *an+ )i%a- ,en*enan+-an sea+ai +e0ala a8al -e0an+9 serin+-ali )er0a%i pa%a +an++#an ,e%is #,#,. g. Hal#sinasi raa 6)a-)il9 (ap)i- persepsi -elir# )en)an+ peraaan a)a# sensasi per,#-aan seper)i sensasi %ari s#a)# )#n+-ai *an+ )era,p#)asi (phantom limb! sensasi a%an*a +era-an pa%a -#li) a)a# %i a8a( -#li) (formication. h. Hal#sinasi so,a)i- sensasi -elir# )en)an+ ses#a)# (al *an+ )er0a%i %i %ala, )##( a)a# )er(a%ap )##( palin+ serin+ erasal %ari or+an /is"eral 60#+a %i-enal i.
sea+ai cenesthesic hallucination. Hal#sinasi lilip#) persepsi *an+ -elir# %i ,ana en%aen%a )a,pa- lei( -e"il #-#rann*a 60#+a %i-enal sea+ai ,i-ropsia a)a# en%a )erli(a) lei( esar
0.
#-#rann*a 6,a-ropsia.? Hal#sinasi *an+ se0alan %en+an ,oo% (mood congruent hallucination" (al#sinasi %i ,ana isi (al#sinasi a%ala( -onsis)en %en+an ,oo% *an+ %epresi a)a# ,ani- 13
6sea+ai "on)o(n*a pasien *an+ ,en+ala,i %epresi ,en%en+ar s#ara *an+ ,en+a)a-an a(8a pasien a%ala( oran+ *an+ 0a(a)9 seoran+ pasien ,ani- ,en%en+ar s#ara *an+ ,en+a)a-an a(8a pasien ,e,ili-i (ar+a %iri -e-#a)an %an pen+e)a(#an *an+ )in++i. -. Hal#sinasi *an+ )i%a- se0alan %en+an ,oo% (mood-incongruent hallucination" (al#sinasi %i ,ana isin*a )i%a- -onsis)en %en+an ,oo% *an+ %epresi a)a# ,ani- 6sea+ai "on)o(n*a pa%a %epresi (al#sinasi )i%a- ,elia)-an )e,a)e,a )erse#) seper)i rasa ersala( pen+(#-#,an *an+ la*a- %i)eri,a a)a# -e)i%a-,a,p#an9 pa%a ,ania (al#sinasi )i%a- ,en+an%#n+ )e,a)e,a )erse#) seper)i (ar+a %iri l.
a)a# -e-#asaan *an+ )in++i. Hal#sinosis (al#sinasi palin+ serin+ a%ala( (al#sinasi %en+ar *an+ er(##n+an %en+an pen*ala(+#naan al-o(ol -ronis %an )er0a%i %ala, sensori#, *an+ 0erni( ere%a %en+an %eliri#, )re,ens 6DTs *ai)# (al#sinasi *an+ )er0a%i %ala,
-on)e-s sensori#, *an+ er-a#). ,. Sines)esia sensasi a)a# (al#sinasi *an+ %isea-an ole( sensasi lain 6sea+ai "on)o(n*a s#a)# sensasi a#%i)oris *an+ %iser)ai a)a# %i"e)#s-an ole( s#a)# sensasi /is#al9 s#a)# #n*i %iala,i sea+ai %ili(a) a)a# s#a)# pen+li(a)an %iala,i sea+ai %i%en+ar. n. Trailing phenomenon" -elainan persepsi *an+ er(##n+an %en+an oa)oa) (al#sino+en %i,ana en%a *an+ er+era- %ili(a) sea+ai se%ere)an "i)ra *an+ )erpisa( %an )i%a- -on)in#. o. Command hallucination" persepsi perin)a( *an+ pals# %i ,ana seseoran+ %apa) ,erasa pa)#( )er(a%ap perin)a( a)a# )i%a- ,a,p# #n)#- ,enola- # ,enen)an+.22? S"(ro%er ,en*a)a-an a(8a (al#sinasi %apa) ,#n"#l %ala, 4 sin%ro, po-o- *ai)# 1. Hal#sinasi -on#sional Pa%a sin%ro, ini -esa%aran a%ala( er-a#) %an (al#sinasi /is#al )a,pa- pro,inen. Hal#sinasi a#%i)ori- iasan*a (an*a er#pa s#ara ,#si- isin+ -a)a-a)a ane( -a%an+-a%an+ 0#+a -ali,a). 2. Hal#sinasi selreeren"e Pasien ,en%en+ar s#ara s#ara *an+ eri"ara -epa%an*a. Biasan*a pasien )i%a- %apa) ,enir#-an -e,ali s#ar# *an+ %i%en+ar -a)a %e,i -a)a na,#n pasien (an*a ,en"eri)a-an +aris esarn*a sa0a. S#aras#ara i)# iasan*a ,e,i"ara-an pasien %an pasien ,en*a)a-an a(8a
14
s#aras#ara i)# %a)an+ %ari oran+oran+ %i se-i)arn*a. San+a) s#-ar #n)#- ,e,as)i-an apa-a( pasien ,e,an+ enarenar a%a (al#sinasi a)a# sala( %en+ar sa0a %ari pe,i"araan oran+oran+ *an+ ,e,an+ seenarn*a a%a. :. Hal#sinasi /eral Dala, (al ini pasien ,en%en+ar s#aras#ara *an+ 0elas *an+ eri"ara )en)an+ %irin*a %an ia %apa) ,en+#lan+ -e,ali -a)a-a)a i)# %en+an )epa). S#aras#ara i)# isa erasal %ari oran+oran+ *an+ ,e,an+ se"ara n*a)a a%a a)a# (an*a i,a+inasi sa0a a)a# %ari se#a( ,esin. 4. Hal#sinasi an)as)i- Dala, (al ini se,#a 0enis (al#sinasi isa ,#n"#l. Pasien ,en0elas-an pen+ala,ann*a *an+ an)as)i- *an+ %i%asari ole( a%an*a (al#sinasi /is#al a)a# so,a)i-. &a%an+-a%an+ sin%ro, (al#sinasi ini )en)an+ pen+ala,an ,i,pin*a seola(ola( (al *an+ n*a)a )er0a%i. Biasan*a pa%a pasien ini a%a (al#sinasi ,assa *ai)# pasien ,en%en+ar a)a# ,eli(a) an*a- oran+ )er#n#( a)a# )erania*a.27
4 )a(apan (al#sinasi -ara-)eris)i- %an perila-# *an+ %i)a,pil-an TAHAP Ta&a! I 3e,eri rasa
%ARA%TERISTI%
-esepian rasa ersala( %an
n*a,an )in+-a) ansie)as se%an+
3en+ala,i ansie)as
-e)a-#)an. 3en"oa ero-#s pa%a
se"ara #,#,
pi-iran *an+ %apa)
(al#sinasi
,en+(ilan+-an ansie)as Fi-iran %an pen+ala,an
,er#pa-an s#a)# -esenan+an.
PERILA%U
Tersen*#, )er)a8a sen%iri 3en++era--an iir )anpa s#ara Per+era--an ,a)a *an+ "epa) Respon /eral *an+ la,a) Dia, %an er-onsen)rasi
sensoris ,asi( a%a %ala, -on)ol -esa%aran nonpsi-o)i-
15
Ta&a! II 3en*ala(-an Tin+-a)
-e"e,asan era) se"ara #,#,
Pen+ala,an sensoris
,ena-#)-an 3erasa %ile"e(-an ole(
perasaan an)ipa)i
Ter0a%i penin+-a)an %en*#) 0an)#n+ pernaasan %an
pen+ala,an sensori )erse#) 3#lai ,erasa -e(ilan+an
(al#sinasi ,en*ea-an
)e-anan %ara( Per(a)ian %en+an lin+-#n+an
-on)rol 3enari- %iri %ari oran+ lain
er-#ran+ &onsen)rasi )er(a%ap
non psi-o)i-
pen+ala,an sensori -er0a &e(ilan+an -e,a,p#an ,e,e%a-an (al#sinasi %en+an reali)as
Ta&a! III 3en+on)rol Tin+-a)
-e"e,asan era) Pen+ala,an (al#sinasi )i%a-
Pasien ,en*era( %an ,eneri,a pen+ala,an
sensori 6(al#sinasi Isi (al#sinasi ,en0a%i a)ra-)i &esepian ila pen+ala,an sensoris era-(ir psi-o)i-
%apa) %i)ola- la+i
Perin)a( (al#sinasi %i)aa)i S#li) er(##n+an %en+an oran+ lain Per(a)ian )er(a%ap lin+-#n+an er-#ran+ (an*a eerapa %e)i- Ti%a- ,a,p# ,en+i-#)i perin)a( )re,or %an er-erin+a)
Ta&a! I' Pasien s#%a(
%i-#asai ole(
(al#sinasi Pasien pani-
Pen+ala,an sensoris ,#n+-in ,ena-#)-an 0i-a in%i/i%# )i%a,en+i-#)i perin)a( (al#sinasi isa erlan+s#n+ %ala, eerapa 0a, a)a# (ari apaila
Perila-# pani- Resi-o )in++i ,en"e%erai A+i)asi Ti%a- ,a,p# erespon )er(a%ap lin+-#n+an
)i%a- a%a in)er/ensi )erape#)i-.
Psi-opa)olo+i %ari (al#sinasi *an+ pas)i el#, %i-e)a(#i. Ban*a- )eori *an+ %ia0#-an *an+ ,ene-an-an pen)in+n*a a-)ora-)or psi-olo+i- isiolo+i- %an lain lain. Der,a8an %an R#s%i ,en+#n+-ap-an a-)or pre%isposisi *an+ ,e,pen+ar#(i ,asala( (al#sinasi *ai)# a-)or iolo+is a-)or psi-olo+is %an a-)or sosial #%a*a. Se%an+-an S)#ar) erpen%apa) a-)or presipi)asi )er0a%in*a +an++#an (al#sinasi
16
a%ala( a-)or iolo+is s)res lin+-#n+an pe,i"# +e0ala %an s#,er -opin+.25 A%a *an+ ,en+a)a-an a(8a %ala, -ea%aan )er0a+a *an+ nor,al o)a- %i(an)ar ole( aliran s)i,#l#s *an+
%a)an+ %ari %ala, )##( a)a#p#n %ari l#ar )##(. Inp#) ini a-an
,en+in(iisi persepsi *an+ lei( %ari ,#n"#ln*a -e ala, sa%ar. Bila inp#) ini %ile,a(-an a)a# )i%a- a%a sa,a se-ali seper)i *an+ -i)a 0#,pai pa%a -ea%aan nor,al a)a# pa)olo+is ,a-a ,a)eri,a)eri *an+ a%a %ala, #n"ons"io#s a)a# pre"ons"io#s isa %ilepas-an %ala, en)#- (al#sinasi. Pen%apa) lain ,en+a)a-an a(8a (al#sinasi %i,#lai %en+an a%an*a -ein+inan *an+ %irepresi -e ala, a8a( sa%ar %an -e,#%ian -arena s#%a( re)a-n*a -epria%ian %an r#sa-n*a %a*a ,enilai reali)as ,a-a -ein+inan )a%i %ipro*e-si-an -el#ar %ala, en)#- s)i,#l#s e-s)erna. Hal#sinasi %apa) %ipen+ar#(i ole( i,a+inasi ,en)al *an+ -e,#%ian %ipro0e-si-an -el#ar se(in++a seola(ola( %a)an+n*a %ari l#ar %irin*a. Teori psi-o%ina,i-a *an+ ,en++a,ar-an a(8a (al#sinasi )er0a%i -arena a%an*a isi ala, )i%a- sa%ar *an+ ,as#- ala, sa%ar sea+ai s#ara respon )er(a%ap -onli- psi-olo+is %an -e#)#(an *an+ )i%a- %ipen#(i se(in++a (al#sinasi ,er#pa-an +a,aran %an ran+san+an -ein+inan %an -e)a-#)an *an+ %iala,i ole( pasien. Ber%asar-an )eori perceptual release$ (al#sinasi )i,#l sea+ai a-ia) -e)e+an+an ser)a -e-#ran+ann*a ran+san+ sensori- 6)er,as#- per(a)ian *an+ ,is-in %an -#ran+n*a -apasi)as #n)#- ,e,e%a-an (al *an+ rele/an %an )i%a- rele/an. &apasi)as #n)#- erespon )er(a%ap ran+san+ *an+ er-#ran+ )erse#) ,eni,#l-an penasiran sensasi in)ernal 6%ari %ala, %irin*a. Hal#sinasi %apa) %i)i,#l-an ole( -era"#nan oa) a)a# -elainan or+anis. Bila seseoran+ ,en+ala,i -era"#nan oa) )er#)a,an*a oa) psi-o)o,i,e)i- a-an ,eni,#l-an iri)asi pa%a resep)or sensori- *an+ -e,#%ian %i)er#s-an -e sara p#sa) %an a-an %iproses se(in++a )i,#l (al#sinasi. Beerapa -elainan or+ani- *an+ %apa) ,eni,#l-an (al#sinasi %i an)aran*a a%ala( +an++#an ,en)al or+ani-.27
17
BAB III PENUTUP
Persepsi a%ala( %a*a ,en+enal -#ali)as (##n+an ser)a pere%aan s#a)# en%a
,elal#i
proses
,en+a,a)i
,en+e)a(#i
%an
,en+ar)i-an
se)ela(
pan"ain%eran*a ,en%apa) ran+san+an. Gan++#an persepsi a%ala( -e)i%a-,a,p#an ,an#sia %ala, ,e,e%a-an an)ara ran+san+ *an+ )i,#l %ari s#,er in)ernal seper)i pi-iran perasaan sensasi so,a)i- %en+an i,p#ls %an s)i,#l#s e-s)ernal. Gan++#an persepsi %apa) er#pa %epersonalisasi %erealisasi il#si %an (al#sinasi. Pen)in+ #n)#- ,en+e)a(#i pen+er)ian persepsi %an 0enis +an++#an persepsi seper)i *an+ )ela( %i+olon+-an ole( DS3 1$ %an ID1$2! -arena apaila )i%a- %i-e)a(#i %an %i)an+ani %apa) er%a,pa- pa%a -esel#r#(an aspe- (i%#p pasien.
18
DAFTAR PUSTA%A
1. Al8i H. &a,#s Besar Ba(asa In%onesia. a-ar)a Balai p#s)a-a. 2$$7. 2. &aplan IH Sa%o"- B. &aplan Sa%o"-s S*nopsis o Ps*"(ia)r*. ')( e%. P(ila%elp(ia Lippin"o)) =illia,s =il-ins9 2$$:. :. Ho8lan% RH. Biolo+i"al Bases o Ps*"(opa)(olo+* In Ps*"(opa)(olo+* 2n% E%i)ion. Ro#)le%+eTa*lor Fran"is 2$$!. p1$'1? 4. 3"Leo% SA. Simply %sychology& 'isual %erception. 2$$7. Re)rie/e% ro, ())pCC888.si,pl*ps*"(olo+*.or+Cper"ep)ion)(eories.(),l 5.
74. ?. El/ira DS Ha%is#-an)o G. B#-# A0ar Psi-ia)ri. a-ar)a Ba%an Peneri) F&UI9 2$1$. (.?!' 7. ase* P &ell* B. Disor%er o Per"ep)ion In Fis(s > lini"al Ps*"(opa)(olo+* :r% E%i)ion. p14:1 !. S(or/on H. T(e Depersonalia)ion S*n%ro,e. Pro"ee%in+s o )(e Ro*al So"ie)* o 3e%i"ine. 1'4?9 :' 6:7. p77''2 '. ;r)on P ;r)on Gra* DP. Depersonalise% %o")ors a "rossse")ional s)#%* o 5?4 %o")ors 7?$ "ons#l)a)ions an% 1!7? pa)ien) repor)s in U& +eneral pra")i"e. B3 ;pen. 2$12 2. 19
1$. A,eri"an Ps*"(ia)ri" Asso"ia)ion. Dia+nos)i" an% S)a)is)i"al 3an#al o 3en)al Disor%ers 6DS3 . 5)( E%. =as(in+)on D A,eri"an Ps*"(ia)ri" P#lis(in+. 2$1:. p.5$ 11. Lee =E &8o- HT H#n)er E3 e) al. Pre/alen"e an% "(il%(oo% an)e"en%en)s o Depersonalia)ion S*n%ro,e in U& Bir)( o(or). So" Ps*"(a)r* Ps*"(ia)r Epi%e,iol. 2$12 e9 4762. p25:?1 12. 3#la 3 Pini S al#+i S Pre/e 3 e) al. ali%i)* an% reliaili)* o )(e S)r#")#re% lini"al In)er/ie8 or Depersonalia)ion Derealia)ion Spe")r#,. Ne#rops*"(ia)ri" Disease an% Trea),en). 2$$! 465. p'77!? 1:. &ole/ ;I Geor+ie/aJ(os)o/a S; Ber)(o A. An@ie)* "(an+es %epersonalia)ion an% %eralia)ion s*,p)o,s in /es)i#lar pa)ien)s. Hin%a8i P#lis(in+ orpora)ion Be(a/io#ral Ne#rolo+*. 2$14 p1' 14. Se%eno L o#)o B 3elloni 3 analeso(nson A e) al. Ho8 %o *o# eel 8(en *o# "an) eel *o#r o%*K In)ero"ep)ion #n")ional "on ne")i/i)* an% e,o)ional pro"essin+ in %epersonalia)ion%erealia)ion %isor%er. Plos ;ne. 2$14 '6?. p1' 15. 3i"(al 3 &oe"(el A an)erino 3 A%ler e) al. Depersonalia)ion %isor%er Dis"onne")ion o "o+ni)i/e e/al#a)ion ro, a#)ono,i" responses )o e,o)ional s)i,#li. Plos ;ne. 2$1: !6'. p112 1?. Disso"ia)i/e Disor%ers In)er/ie8 S"(e%#le. Re)rie/e% ro, 0a"-ie8(i)in+.ne)CAPs*"(CDDIn)r/8.(), 17. Fre8en PA Bro8n 3FD S)e#8e Lani#s RA. La)en) proile anal*sis an% prin"ipal a@is a")orin+ o )(e DS35 %isso"ia)i/e s#)*pe. E#ropean o#rnal o Ps*"(o)ra#,a)olo+*. 2$15 ?. p11? 1!. Gen)ile P Sn*%er 3 Gilli+ P3. S)ress an% )ra#,a Ps*"(o)erap* an% p(ar,a"o)erap* or %epersonalia)ionC%erealia)ion %isor%er. Inno/ lin Ne#ros"i. 2$14 1167!. p:741 1'. So,er E A,os=illia,s T S)ein D. E/i%en"ease% )rea),en) or Depersonalisa)ion%erealisa)ion Disor%er. B3 Ps*"(olo+*. 2$1: 162$. p11: 2$. Eer) 3H Loosen PT N#r"o,e B. Ps*"(oanal*sis In #rren) > Dia+nosis Trea),en) in Ps*"(ia)r*. 3"Gra8 Hill o,panies. 2$$$ 21. Tre,la* (a,po#@ F oss P Ba"on BA e) al. Spee"( an% nonspee"( a#%io/is#al ill#sions A %e/elop,en)al s)#%*. Plos ;ne. 2$$7 26!. p15
20
22. 3a)#)e H Blan"o F Spli)in+ Personali)* e)a-an &e)i+a PT Dian Aries)a. 2$$59 (.124:5 2!. Sa%%o"- B Sa%%o"- A. &aplan Sa%%o"-s o,pre(ensi/e Te@)oo- o Ps*"(ia)r* !)( e% ol 1 "(ap)er 17. Lippin"o)) =illia, =il-ins. 2$$5.
21
