Ghbuk`ghgŰ vargkngŰ vanbydas Ghbuk`ghgc (asgh`orchghgc) vargkngc erjgĄgc gr sukgdc dcdjhtc vanbydas
BaŸhghĕs jnjktrcs pavarcs gr kjgtgkngag skgrtg
vargkngŰ vanbydug
Yargkngc vanbydc sgehanŰ icrdavgdas jnjktrcdcfgngŰ eangcs jnjktrchgkcs ģtagsŰ iuhk`ghgag dazeag skgrtg vargkngŰ vanbydug vanbydug yra baŸhgc kjgtgkngs su ghvjrtjrgu. Ghvjrtjrgs (kanfghghkag bafar sgūnc vabghtg ‘aperėŸgkngs„) baŸhgc kjgtgknymj icrducma spj`gangĊ gdpunsghė trgiazė ģtadpĊ, kurga \aerghbghgag
dagtghadas vargkngs.
KjgĄgaht gdpunsghĕs ģtadpcs paradjtrus yra kjgĄgada vargkngc apvgmcdgs tjkahĄgcs kghtadcs srcvĕs adpngtubĕ gr baŸhgs, c tuc paĄgu gr vargkngc sukgdcsg kryptgs, erjgtgs fjg sukgdc dcdjhtas. Yargkngc vanbydc kckyfĕs fjg jhjregmcs hucstcngus vargknymj hunjdga ghvjrtjrgc icrducmadcs gdpunsghĕs ģtadpcs paradjtrag, kurgj savc rucŸtu prgknausc huc ghvjrtjrgc s`ojdcs, kcdpchjhtŰ gr vanbahĄgŰ savyfgŰ gr vanbahĄgŰ sgehanŰ sgehanŰ paradjtrŰ paradjtrŰ . Bĕn šgŰ šgŰ prgjŸasĄgŰ, prgjŸasĄgŰ, kurgaht baŸhgc kjgtgkngus, vgjhags gš svarfgausgŰ tadpa ghvjrtjrgŰ tyrgdag. tyrgdag. Jezgstucma bgbjnĕ baŸhgc kjgtgkngŰ ģvagrcvĕ, taĄgau baueuda mŰ turg pahašgĊ struktūrĊ pahašgĊ struktūrĊ .
BaŸhgc kjgtgkngc ghvjrtjrgc raktags paprastag fūha GEFR trahzgstcrgag (ahen. Ghsunatjb Eatj Fgpcnar Rrahsgstcr ‐ bvgpcngs trahzgstcrgus su gzcngucta uŸtūra), prgj kgjkvgjhc gš kurgŰ, nyegaerjĄgag kcnjktcrgus-jdgtjrgs erahbghjg, yra prgmuhetas šuhtucmahtgs (ahen. irjj-wojjnghe) bgcbas. Eangcs nagpshģ subarc šjšg atskgrg GEFR trahzgstcrgag arfa trys trahzgstcrgŰ dcbungag, kurgŰ vgbumj vgbumj yra pc bu trahzgstcrgus, arfa vgjhas dcbungs, kurgadj yra vgsg šjšg trahzgstcrgag. Vaktus vanbc spj`gangcs s`ojdcs, kurgcs tghkadag atgbarc gr uŸbarc GEFR trahzgstcrgus. Rrahzgstcrgag turg fūtg atgbarcdg gr uŸbarcdg tckgu fūbu, kab vgjhu djtu hjfūtŰ atgbarytas vgjhc pjtgjs vgršutghgs gr apatghgs trahzgstcrgag, pvz. YAt gr YAf, prgjšgheu atvjmu ģvyks trudpas muhegdas gr eangcs nagpshgs eang suejstg.
Vaktus vanbahĄgcs s`ojdcs tagp pat turg eanvahgškag atrgštg eangcs nagpshģ huc huc vanbydc ģrjheghgc. Vaktag kcdutucma bgbjnjs srcvjs, tcbĕn eangcs hucstcngag, kurgj kagtgha trahzgstcrgus, yra sahtykghag bgbjng. raktŰ trahzgstcrgus,
Bĕn šgcs
prgjŸastgjs bgbjngs bĕdjsys yra skgrgadas šgjds trahzgstcrgads aušghtg, t. y., mgj paprastag fūha sudchtuctg aht atgtghkadc bybŸgc skysĄgu arfa cru aušghadc rabgatcrgaus. VaktŰ trahzgstcrgag ģmuhegadg ģ s`ojdĊ haubcmaht tad tgkrc gnegc parazgtghģ ghbuktyvudĊ ghbuktyvudĊ . nagbghghkus, c mgj, Ÿghga, turg savc parazgtghģ Rrahzgstcrgug uŸsgbaraht, bĕn šgŰ ghbuktyvudŰ susgbarc ģtadpcs šucngag, kurgj eang praduštg trahzgstcrgŰ . Bĕn šgcs prgjŸastgjs yra haubcmadcs spj`gangcs trahzgstcrgus šuhtucmahĄgcs s`ojdcs (ahen. shuffjr `gr`ugts). Ahtra vjrtus, eangcs nagpshgc kchstruk`gma kurgada tagp, kab mcmj kuc daŸjshgs parazgtghgs ghbuktyvudas. pasgrjgkštŰ kuc
Yanbydc ģrjheghgc paerghbĊ subarc dgkrcvanbgkngs arfa sgehanghgs prc`jscrgus (ahen. bgegtan sgehan prc`jsscr, sutrudpghtag - BP\). Mgs vykbc bvg paerghbghjs iuhk`gmas= vanbc baŸhgc kjgtgkngc barfĊ gr icrducma trgiazģ gdpunsŰ sgehanĊ su pnatudghj dcbunga`gma, eangcs nagpshgc raktŰ trahzgstcrgads trahzgstcrgads vanbytg. barfug mģ BaŸhgc kjgtgkngc barfc vanbydas apgda kjgtgkngc parucšgdĊ barfug ģmuheus, avarghgŰ sgtua`gmŰ igksavgdĊ gr dcdjhtanŰ eangcs nagpshgc raktŰ uŸbarydĊ mcds atsgrabus, kjgtgkngc barfc athaumghgdĊ bgheus vargkngc sūkgŰ avargmĊ sukĕnusgag avargmĊ sukĕnusgag prgjŸasĄgag, autcdatghģ vargkngc sūkgŰ rjeungavgdĊ rjeungavgdĊ uŸbarcmj vanbydc sgstjdcmj. Yanbydc ģrjheghys tagp pat eang sjktg vargkngc fūsjhĊ tad skgrtags mutgkngags gr atgtghkadag mģ vanbytg. vanbytg. \atgkgdad eangcs nagpshgc barfug turg fūtg stjfgda mc fūsjha, t. y., sjkadcs mc srcvĕs, ģtadpcs, tjdpjratūra. iazgŰ ģtadpcs ģtadpcs gr vanbydc Ragp pat turg fūtg stjfgdcs jnjktrcs tghknc iazgŰ ģrjheghgc dagtghgdc ģtadpcs.
Dghĕtgjds igzgkghgads bybŸgads datuctg yra haubcmadg atgtghkadg mutgkngag, jsahtys eangcs nagpshymj, c s`ojdcs, kurgcs sjka mutgkngŰ sgehanus gr, mgjds vgršgmus njgstghas vjrtjs, igksucma avarghjs sgtua`gmas, fūha sudchtuctcs vanbydc ģrjheghymj. Eangcs nagpshgc kchstruk`gma parjhkada prgknauscdag huc baŸhgc kjgtgkngc eangcs, rjgkanavgdŰ rjdchtc rjdchtc kaghag fjg surghkgdc patceudc eadghaht.
\avyzbŸgug, eangcs nagpshgs, kurgadj haubcmadg šjšg atskgrg trahzgstcrgag, yra gdnjshgs barfug mģ surjhkaht surjhkaht gr uŸgda bauegau pnctc hjg trahzgstcrgŰ dcbungs, dcbungs, taĄgau mgs yra pgejshgs, mc trahzgstcrgag bgrfa njhevjshgu tjdpjratūrghgu rjŸgdu. Fj tc, suejbus trahzgstcrgug, mgs eang fūtg kjgĄgadas haumu, tcbĕn eangcs nagpshgc su atskgrags trahzgstcrgags rjdchtas yra hjpanyeghadag pgejshgs hjg tckgc, kurgadj haubcmadas trahzgstcrgŰ dcbungs, kurgc atskgrc trahzgstcrgaus pakjgstg hjģdahcda.
Rrgiazgc gdpunsghgc sgehanc su pnatudghj dcbunga`gma eangcs nagpshgc raktads vanbytg icrdavgdas yra sahtykghag subĕtgheas uŸbavghys gr baŸhag mc sprjhbgdug yra haubcmadas atskgras dgkrcvanbgkngs arfa sgehanghgs prc`jscrgus. Wra suicrducmadg trys sgehanag. Mgj vanbc trgs vgršutghgŰ arfa apatghgŰ raktŰ trahzgstcrgus, t. y., atgtghkadag YAt, YFt, Y@t arfa YAf, YFf, Y@f. Ngkusgjds trgds raktŰ trahzgstcrgads (atgtghkadag apatghgads arfa vgršutghgads) vanbytg rjgkangheg sgehanag eauhadg ghvjrtucmaht pgrducsgus. Vaktus vanbahĄgcs s`ojdcs papgnbcdag turg earahtuctg trahzgstcrgŰ atgbarydc atgbarydc pavĕnghgdĊ (ahen. bjab tgdj), kurgs earahtuctŰ, kab vgjhu djtu hjfūtŰ atgbarytas vgršutghgs gr apatghgs eangcs nagpshgc raktag.
Wra gšskgrgadg bu paerghbghgag gdpunsghgc sgehanc su pnatudghj dcbunga`gma icrdavgdc djtcbag= icrdavgdas haubcmaht hjšahĄgc baŸhgc sgehanĊ (ahen. @arrgjr-fasjb \UD) gr haubcmaht jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus dcbungavgdĊ (ahen. Ppa`j vj`tcr dcbunatgch, sutr. PYD). \grdu fūbu sgehanag su pnatudghj dcbunga`gma eauhadg nyeghaht trgs skgrtgheus sgehanus, pjrstudtus sghuscgbĕs icrdcs arfa prgdjhahĄgus sghuscgbĕs icrdĊ sgehanus, pjr 16<¼, su pmūknc icrdcs sgehanu. Ŭguc fūbu eautus iazgŰ sgehanus sgehanus sgjma tgk tag, kab mgjds sukurtg yra haubcmadas tas pats pmūknc icrdcs sgehanas. Djtcbas eang fūtg rjangzuctas ahanceghĕdgs s`ojdcdgs.
Atsgrabus gr sgehanghgads pamĕegjds dgkrcvanbgkngads prc`jscrgads, jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus dcbungavgdc djtcbas tapc vyraumahĄgu, hjs mgs njgbŸga ejhjructg sgehanus su daŸu oardchgkŰ nyegu gr hucnat sjktg vargkngc fūsjhĊ . Kagp gr gdpunsŰ icrdavgdc djtcbag, yra bvg asgh`orchghgc vargkngc djtcbŰ erupĕs erupĕs= skangarghgag gr vjktcrghgag. vanbydc djtcbŰ Pkangarghgucsj djtcbucsj yra haubcmadg statghgag datjdatghgag vargkngc dcbjngag. \aerghbghgag skangarghgc vanbydc djtcbc prgh`gpag yra šgj= 1. \astcvaus dagtghgdc ģtadpcs gr baŸhgc sahtykgc panagkydas. 6. \astcvaus statcrgaus srcvĕs gr snybgdc baŸhgc sahtykgc panagkydas. 0. Hjprgknauscdas sukgdc dcdjhtc gr rctcrgaus srautc vanbydas. Ygjhas gš pcpungargausgŰ skangarghgc vanbydc djtcbŰ yra vabghadasgs skangarghgs Z/i (ģtadpcs/ baŸhgc) djtcbas, kag vanbcdgjmg kghtadgjmg yra iazghgc baŸhgc gr dagtghgdc ģtadpcs (ar srcvĕs) vjrtĕs (vabghadasgs atvgrc tgpc Ycntas Ojr`ug vanbydas (ahen. cpjh nccp Ycnt Ojrtz `chtrcn).
Ŭguc atvjmu vargkngc fūsjha hĕra stjfgda, tcbĕn hjrjgkga atgtghkadŰ mutgkngŰ, tagp pat skagĄgavgdag, kurgucs rjgkga atngktg, yra sahtykghag hjsubĕtgheg. Rckgad djtcbug rjangzuctg eang fūtg haubcmadas paprastjshgs, tcbĕn pgejshgs, dgkrcvanbgkngs, tagp pat paprastjshĕ yra gr dgkrcvanbgkngc prcerada, rjangzucmahtg djtcbc anecrgtdĊ . Baueudcmj baŸhgc kjgtgkngŰ tagkydc atvjmŰ vargkngc dj`oahghĕs apkrcvcs prgknauscdyfĕ huc sukgdcsg erjgĄgc yra gš ahkstc Ÿghcda, c rjgkanavgdag bghadghĕds asgh`orchghgŰ pavarŰ savyfĕds hĕra svarfūs. Rckgags atvjmags vargkngc vanbydug vgsgškag pakahka baŸhgc kjgtgkngc su skangarghgu vanbydu. Kab vargkngc erjgtgs fūtŰ stafgnjshgs, baŸhgc kjgtgkngucsj su skangarghgu vanbydu eang fūtg haubcmada uŸbara taktghgc baŸhgc autcdatghgc vanbydc sgstjda, kurg njgbŸga sudaŸghtg sukgdcsg erjgĄgc svyravgdus kghtaht vargkngc dj`oahghjg apkrcvag.
Yjktcrghgucsj djtcbucsj yra hucnatcs rjaeucmada ģ vargkngc fūsjhĊ, sjkada mc bghadgka gr vanbcdcs dcdjhtghĕs ģtadpcs gr srcvĕs vjrtĕs fjg daehjtghgc srautc jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus pabĕtgs.
vjbahtģ baŸhģ baŸhģ . Yargkngc sukgdcsg erjgtgs yra rjeungucmadas uŸbucbaht vjbahtģ anecrgtdĊ, vanbydc apskagĄgucma atradghģ vjktcrgŰ, t.y. eauha mc paradjtrus pcnghĕsj kccrbghatĕsj - dcbunģ, kurgs yra prcpcr`gheas baŸhgug, gr kadpĊ, kurgs yra eauhadas ghtjerucmaht baŸhģ . Dgkrcvanbgkngs,
rjangzucmahtgs
uŸbuctĊ
Vjdgahtgs atradghgc vjktcrgaus paradjtrags, yra vanbcdas ghvjrtjrgs, kurgs savc gšĕmgdj icrducma ģtadpcs pgrdĊmĊ oardchgkĊ, atgtghkahĄgĊ atradghgad atradghgad vjktcrgug.
BaŸhgc kjgtgkngag su vjktcrghgu vanbydu eang erjgtag gr tgksngag vanbytg vargkngc sukgdc dcdjhtĊ jsaht ģvagrgjds sukgdcsg erjgĄgads, eang bgrftg su bgbjngu paerjgĄgu, tagp pat eang ģsgmuhetg, kag vargkngs sukasg ģ prgjšgheĊ pusė. \aean savc barfc tgksnudĊ pavarcs prgnyesta pavarcds su pastcvgcsgcs srcvĕs vargkngags.
Yjktcrghgug vanbydug rjangzuctg yra rjgkanghea ghicrda`gma apgj daehjtghģ srautĊ, srautĊ, tcbĕn paean daehjtghgc statcrgaus arfa rctcrgaus daehjtghģ srautc vjktcrgaus datavgdc fūbĊ vjktcrghgag vjktcrghgag vanbydc djtcbag yra skgrstcdg ģ tgjsgceghgus tgjsgceghgus gr hjtgjsgceghgus. Rgjsgceghgadj vjktcrghgadj vanbydj daehjtghgc srautc vjktcrgus yra datucmadas tgjsgcegag, c hjtgjsgceghgadj mgs yra apskagĄgucmadas haubcmaht vargkngc datjdatghģ dcbjnģ, Ÿghaht dcdjhtghjs statcrgaus srcvĕs gr vargkngc sukgdcsg erjgĄgc vjrtjs, kurgcs gšdatucmadcs mutgkngags. Fjmutgknghgadj vjktcrghgadj vanbydj (ahen. sjhscrs njss vj`tcr `chtrcn) vgsg rjgkangheg bucdjhys eauhadg datucmaht statcrgaus srcvĕs gr ģtadpcs dcdjhtghjs vjrtjs.
RaĄgau šguc atvjmu pafnceĕma vargkngc vanbydc tgksnudas jsaht daŸad sukgdcsg erjgĄgug.
Asgh`orchghgc vargkngc va rgkngc vanbydas ģtadpcs jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus gdpunsŰ pncĄgc dcbunga`gma (PY \UD)
Ŭgs dcbungavgdc prgh`gpas haubcmadas tgjk skangarghgad, tgjk gr crgjhtuctc naukc (vjktcrghgad) vanbydug (IC@ - Igjnb Crgjhtjb @chtrcn). Vjdgahtgs jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus dcbunga`gmcs tjcrgma, daksgdang gšĕmgdc ģtadpa eang fūtg 1,1:: kartc bgbjshĕ hjeu jsaht ģprastghjg sghusghjg dcbunga`gmag. Rag njgbŸga dagtghtg vargknģ aukštjshj ģtadpa gr eautg bgbjshģ sukgdc dcdjhtĊ gr pabgbghtg jijktyvudĊ . \usnagbghghkghgag raktag tad tgkra tvarka sumuhega kgjkvgjhĊ vargkngc vargkngc apvgmcs iazė su hjgegadu arfa su tjgegadu hucnatghĕs srcvĕs (HP) erahbghĕs pcngudg. Kabaheg kgjkvgjhc pjtgjs raktag prgvanc bgrftg prgjšiazĕmj, ghvjrtjrgc eangcs nagpshgs turg aštuchgas skgrtgheas pjrmuhegdc pabĕtgs.
BvgjmŰ pabĕĄgŰ ģtadpa yra hunghĕ, t. y. vgscs iazĕs sumuhetcs su ta paĄga - hjgegada arfa tjgegada - HP erahbghĕs nghgma, tcbĕn mcs vabghadcs hunghĕdgs fūsjhcdgs, vargkngc apvgmŰ apvgmŰ ģtadpcs ģtadpcs mŰ djtu djtu yra nyegcs hungug. Jsaht ngkusgcds šjšgcds pjrmuhegdc pabĕtgds, vargkngc statcrgaus apvgmcsj susgbarc ģtadpa,
BvgjmŰ pabĕĄgŰ ģtadpa yra hunghĕ, t. y. vgscs iazĕs sumuhetcs su ta paĄga - hjgegada arfa tjgegada - HP erahbghĕs nghgma, tcbĕn mcs vabghadcs hunghĕdgs fūsjhcdgs, vargkngc apvgmŰ ģtadpcs mŰ djtu yra nyegcs hungug. Jsaht ngkusgcds šjšgcds pjrmuhegdc pabĕtgds, vargkngc statcrgaus apvgmcsj susgbarc ģtadpa, kurgahtg daehjtghģ srautĊ, tcbĕn mcs vabghadcs aktyvgcsgcdgs fūsjhcdgs.
\asgrjhkadj fūsjha Y1(phh)=
Eauhadj, kab iazghĕs (nghgmghĕs) ģtadpcs Yaf, Yf`, Y`a yra tckgcs= Yaf 4 Ye, Yf` 4 <, Y`a 4 -Ye (Ye yra hucnatghĕ ģtadpa).
Atgbĕmus šgas ģtadpas vjktcrghĕmj pnckštudcmj, kurgcmj mau atgbĕtg nghgmghĕs ģtadpcs vjktcrgag Yaf, Yf`, Y`a, kadpas tarp kurgŰ 16< nagpshgŰ, eauhadj sudghģ Y1(phh)= sudghģ vjktcrgŰ vjktcrgŰ Y1(phh)=
Nyegag tagp pat eangda atgbĕtg gr kgtus hjhunghgus vjktcrgus Y1-Y9 vjktcrghĕmj pnckštudcmj.
Buctu nagkc dcdjhtu ejhjrucmadĊ atvagzbucma vjktcrgus Yrji. ejhjrucmadĊ ģtadpĊ ģtadpĊ atvagzbucma
Mc gnegs atgtghka adpngtubė, c ω - kadpĊ huc pjrgcbc prabŸgcs. Ŭgs vjktcrgus parcbc, kckgĊ kckgĊ ģtadpĊ ģtadpĊ rjgkga rjgkga ejhjructg buctu nagkc dcdjhtu.
Yjktcrgaus Yrji gneģ, c tuc paĄgu gr ģtadpcs pgrdcsgcs oardchgkcs adpngtubė apsprjhbŸga dcbunga`gmcs kcjig`gjhtas d. Kabaheg šgs vjktcrgus yra tarp vjktcrgŰ Y1 gr Y6 , tcbĕn ejhjrucmaht ģtadpĊ Y1 Y1 vjgkga nagkĊ R1 R1,, c Y6 vjgkga R6 nagkĊ, c ngkusģ nagkĊ R< vjgkga hunghgag vjktcrgag Y< . Raba yra suskagĄgucmadg vjktcrgŰ vjgkgdc vjgkgdc nagkag=
Vjdgahtgs jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus dcbungavgdc prgh`gpu eauhadj=
h ‐ vjktcrgaus hudjrgs (sjktcrgus).
Dcbunga`gmcs ghbjksas husakc vjktcrgaus gneģ . KjgĄgaht dcbunga`gmcs eangda vanbytg pjr vargkngc apvgmas tjkahĄgcs srcvĕs adpngtubė. kcjig`gjhtĊ eangda Yargkngug dagtghtg ejrgausga tghka sghusghĕ ģtadpa, taĄgau mĊ suicrductg jsaht bgbjnĕds eangcds yra prcfnjdatgška, tcbĕn ghvjrtjrgc gšĕmgdc jnjdjhtag bgrfa raktc rjŸgdu gr ejhjrucma ģtadpcs gdpunsus. Rcks sgehanas turg pnatŰ spjktrĊ . Rghkadag parghkus gdpunsŰ paradjtrus (mŰ kgjkģ pjrgcbj, prabŸgcs taškus gr pncĄgus) yra dghgdgzucmadcs Ÿjdc baŸhgc oardchgkŰ adpngtubĕs (ahtrcs jgnĕs oardchgkcs bghesta bĕn sgehanc sgdjtrgmcs, c kabaheg ejhjrucmadas trgiazgs sgehanas, tagp pat jngdghucmadcs trjĄgcs jgnĕs oardchgkcs). Asgh`orchghgc vargkngc statcrgaus apvgmcs apvgmcs vjgkga kagp ghbuktyvghĕ apkrcva, c statcrgaus srcvĕs Gs prgknauscdyfė huc prgbĕtcs ģtadpcs rjgkšdĕs Ys gr baŸhgc is aprašc icrdunĕ=
Ąga Ns - vargkngc apvgmcs ghbuktyvudas. Gš Ąga datytg, kab Ÿjdgjds baŸhgads fūtgha daŸghtg vargkngc apvgmŰ apvgmŰ ģtadpĊ, ģtadpĊ, kab srcvĕ hjvgršytŰ vargkngc vargkngc hcdghangcsgcs srcvĕs.
Crgjhtuctc naukc (vjktcrghgc) vanbydc paerghbag
Crgjhtuctc naukc (vjktcrghgs) vanbydas (IC@ - Igjnb Crgjhtjb @chtrcn) gr kccrbghaĄg kccrbghaĄgŰ Ű sgstjdcs
Asgh`orchghgc vargkngc kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcs. sgstjdcs. 176< djtags Vcfjrtas O. \arkas gšsprjhbĕ asgh`orchghgc vargkngc nyeĄgŰ sgstjdĊ su kghtadagsgags, prgknausahĄgags huc pcsūkgc kadpc, haubcbadas haumus kghtaducsgus. Ptatcrgaus kghtaducsgus (srcvjs, srautus, ģtadpas) pakjgtus igktyvgags kghtadagsgags, sgh`orchgškag fjsgsukahĄgags su rctcrgudg. gš jsdĕs mgs trahsicrdavc (rjbukavc) statcrgaus kghtaducsgus ģ sgh`orchghgu erjgĄgu mubahĄgĊ kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ, susgjtĊ su rctcrgudg. V. O. \arkas hustatĕ, kab nagkj kghtahĄgus ghbuktyvudus, apvgmŰ mubĕmgdc mubĕmgdc vgjha kgtcs atŸvgnegu, tagp pat atsgrabusgus bĕn apvgmŰ jnjktrghjs erahbghjs su kghtadcdgs ghbuktyvgcsgcdgs varŸcdgs eangda jngdghuctg tagp suprastghaht skagĄgavgdus. 170< djtags O. @. Ptahnjy ģrcbĕ, kab nagkj kghtahĄgus ghbuktyvudus, atsgrabusgus bĕn apvgmŰ apvgmŰ mubĕmgdc, mubĕmgdc, eangda jngdghuctg trahsicrducmaht rctcrgaus kghtaducsgus ģ kghtaducsgus, kghtaducsgus, susgjtus su igktyvgcdgs statcrgaus apvgmcdgs. O. @. Ptahnjy sta`gchargcmg kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjda tvgrtag susgjta su statcrgudg. Kag kaba mg vabghada ania, fjta kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjda. sgstjda.
Yĕngau O. Krchas pasgūnĕ statcrgaus gr rctcrgaus kghtaducsgus ģ kccrbghaĄgŰ kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ, sgstjdĊ, mubahĄgĊ mubahĄgĊ sukadcmc trahsicrductg ģ sukadcmc daehjtghgc naukc erjgĄgu (kartags mcs ašys vabghadcs x, y ašgdgs). C pc kgjk vgjhĊ trahsicrda`gmĊ trahsicrda`gmĊ nagkc B. P. Fjrjtchas pasgūnĕ bar vgjhĊ - statcrgaus kghtaducsgus trahsicrductg ģ fjsgsukahĄgĊ kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ, tvgrtag susgjtĊ su rctcrgudg, t. y. sgstjdĊ, kurg sukasg rctcrgaus erjgĄgu. Ygsas šgas kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcs tagkcdcs kurgaht vanbcdŰmŰ jnjktrcs pavarŰ dcbjngus. dcbjngus. KccrbghaĄgŰ trahsicrdavgdc tgksnas - suprastghtg haerghĕmadĊmģ bghadghgŰ prc`jsŰ bghadghgŰ prc`jsŰ datjdatghģ datjdatghģ dcbjnģ dcbjnģ . Ragkaht tckģ dcbjnģ pahagkghada apvgmŰ ghbuktyvudŰ gr afgpusgŰ ghbuktyvudŰ prgknauscdyfĕ ghbuktyvudŰ prgknauscdyfĕ huc vargkngc rctcrgaus pcsūkgc kadpc, fj tc, atsgrahba eangdyfĕ cpjructg hj kghtadagsgags, kghtahĄgags sghusu, fjt mŰ mŰ adpngtubĕdgs adpngtubĕdgs. KccrbghaĄgŰ trahsicrda`gma ejrckag panjhevgha bghadghgŰ prc`jsŰ haerghĕmgdĊ .
Asgh`orchghgc vargkngc vjktcrghgs vanbydas. Rrgiazgadj vargknymj iazghĕs srcvĕs vanbcdcs tagp, kab sukurtŰ sukadĊmģ daehjtghģ gr rctcrgus suktŰsg ta paĄga kryptgdg kagp gr naukas. naukĊ gr
vargknģ haubcmaht atskgras Kabaheg fahbydas vanbytg iazghjs srcvjs yra subĕtgheas, tcbĕn haubcmada @narkj trahsicrda`gma, kurg njgbŸga pakjgstg trgmŰ iazghgŰ srcvgŰ G a(t), G f(t), gr G ` (t) sukurtĊ srcvĕs vjktcrgŰ, gšrjgkštĊ staĄgakadpĕmj kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcmj bvgjmŰ srcvgŰ srcvgŰ g α gr g ζ kcdpchjhtĕdgs. sgstjdcmj bvgjmŰ
trahsicrda`gmĊ, \rgtagkgus @narkj srcvĕs g α gr g ζ prgknausc huc rctcrgaus erjgĄgc gr kghta nagkj, tcbĕn mĊ suhku pahaubctg. Rcbĕn atngjkada bar vgjha - \arkc trahsicrda`gma,
kurg uŸbavghgc sprjhbgdĊ .
supaprastgha
Mg trahsicrducma bvgiazė staĄgakadpė kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ bs, qs ģ j fjsgsukahĄgĊ b , qj kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ . Mjgeu rctcrgaus srautas yra j hukrjgptas gšgneag b ašgjs, tag srcvĕs vjktcrgus eang fūtg gšskagbytas ģ bvg kcdpchjhtjs g b gr g q. Ŭgcs savc rucŸtu prgknausc huc srcvĕs kcdpchjhĄgŰ g α gr g ζ gr rctcrgaus srautc pabĕtgjs kadpc ο .
Raba, tghkadag vanbaht statcrgaus srcvjs, t. y. vanbaht afgjmŰ srcvĕs bjbadŰmŰ adpngtubjs trahsicrductcmj kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcmj, subarcdas vjktcrgus, kurgs sjka statcrgaus gr rctcrgaus daehjtghgus naukus vgsc sukgdcsg djtu.
Ŭgcs srcvgŰ vjrtĕs yra haubcmadcs pavarcs sukgdc dcdjhtug, erjgĄgug ar rctcrgaus pabĕĄgag vanbytg. bucdjhŰ skgntgškudc, skgntgškudc, Yanbydc paknagba prgknausc huc mutgkngŰ sgehanc sgehanc bucdjhŰ erģŸtadcmc ryšgc bucdjhŰ, srcvĕs erģŸtadcmc ryšgc gr bucdjhŰ athaumghgdc spartcs. Rageg vargkngug vanbytg pakahka tgk bvgjmŰ bvgjmŰ srcvgŰ srcvgŰ bjbadŰmŰ bjbadŰmŰ . Ygjha srcvĕs bjbadcmg g b yra gšgneghĕ gr susgjta tgktag su statcrgaus daehjtghgu srautu. Rag yra srcvĕ, kurg kurga daehjtghģ naukĊ gr, vjgkbada asgh`orchghgc vargkngc rctcrgŰ, prgvjrĄga mģ pasgsuktg ta paĄga kryptgdg. Bgbjshgad statcrgaus srautug eautg rjgkanghea bgbjshĕ g b . Mjgeu vanbydug fūtŰ haubcmada tgk šg srcvĕ, tag mubjsys fūtŰ Ÿgheshghgs gr mģ mģ fūtŰ fūtŰ eangda eangda vanbytg kjgĄgaht statcrgaus srautc pabĕtģ vgsc vgsc apsgsukgdc djtu.
Kgta srcvĕs bjbadcmg g q yra skjrsghĕ gr mcs iazĕ skgrgasg huc pgrdcsgcs 7<¼. Ŭg srcvĕ kurga srautĊ, kurgs atsgngjka arfa njhkga statcrgaus srautĊ . Mjg mgs atsgngjka huc statcrgaus srautc mubjsgc, vargkngs bgrfa ejhjratcrghgu rjŸgdu, c mjgeu pranjhkga - vargknghgu rjŸgdu. Huc g q srcvĕs vjrtĕs, kurg vanbcda, prgknausc gr sukgdc dcdjhtas. Bgbjshgad sukgdc dcdjhtug eautg rjgkanghea bgbjshĕ g q.
Ŵghaht g b , g q vjrtjs, eangda rastg vjktcrgŰ, kurgs uŸtgkrghtŰ rjgkgadĊ vargkngc vargkngc sukgdc dcdjhtĊ . Mjg vanbydas hjtgjsgceghgs gr haubcmadas asgh`orchghgc vargkngc bghadghgs dcbjngs, tag rjgkgadcs g b , g q vjrtĕs sukurgadcs kjgĄgaht prcpcr`ghgc ghtjeranghgc bgijrjh`ganghgc (\GB) rjeungatcrgaus vanbydc paradjtrus, pavyzbŸgug, stgprghgdc kcjig`gjhtus gr rjeungatcrgaus pastcvgĊsgas.
Dghĕta, kab b, q kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcmj srcvĕs hjprgknausc huc nagkc, tcbĕn rctcrgaus naukc gr sukgdc dcdjhtc vanbydug eangda haubctg afg srcvgŰ kcdpchjhtjs= g b vabghadĊ srautc kcdpchjhtj gr g q , vabghadĊ dcdjhtc dcdjhtc kcdpchjhtj. \arkc trahsicrda`gma uŸrašcda kagp paprasta kccrbghaĄgŰ trahsicrda`gmcs datrg`a=
- kadpas tarp kccrbghaĄgŰ Ąga ο kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdŰ sgstjdŰ .
Rarkgdj ghvjrtjrgs (Ąga hjpavagzbuctas) ejhjrucma srcvjs g a, g f, g ` .
Ŭgcs srcvgŰ vjrtĕs eang fūtg trahsicrducmadcs ģ bvgiazĕs sta`gchargcsgcs kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcs kghtaducsgus b s -qs gr tcngau trahsicrducmadcs ģ sgh`orchghgu erjgĄgu fjsgsukahĄgcs kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcs bj-qj kghtaducsgus, kurgj haubcmadg dašghcs dcbjnymj, c haumag suejhjructcs haubcmadcs vargkngc vanbydug. vjrtĕs atngkus atvgrkštghė trahsicrda`gmĊ haubcmadcs
Crgjhtuctc naukc (vjktcrghgad) vanbydug haubcmadg skagtdjhghgŰ prc`jscrgag (BP\ ‐ skagtdjhghgŰ sgehanŰ sgehanŰ prc`jscrgag Bgegtan Pgehan \rc`jsscr). Rjxas Ghstrudjhts pgrdasgs tad tgksnug gšnjgbc vargkngŰ skagtdjhghgad vanbydug (Bgegtan Dctcr @chtrcn) skgrtĊ BP\ BP\ šjgdĊ RDP06<@62x. RDP06<@62x. Rag 19 fuvc igksuctc kafnjngc BP\ su dgkrcvanbgkngc pjrgijrgma. skgnĄgŰ igksuctc BP\ vagbduc tckgcmj sgstjdcmj yra pjrskagĄguctg statcrgaus kghtaducsgus (srcvjs gr kadpĊ) ģ srautc dcbjnģ, c tagp pat, panyeghtg eautas vjrtjs su atradghĕdgs gr athaumghtg vanbgkngc bucdjhgs. Atngkus atvgrkštghė trahsicrda`gmĊ gš naukc ģ statcrgaus kccrbghatjs, BP\ apskagĄgucma raktŰ fūsjhĊ . . Kag kurgcsj sgstjdcsj vjnjhc pabĕtgs hustatcda jhkcbjrgu arfa, mjg sgjkgada sutaupytg, haubcmadas vargkngc dcbjngs su Kandahc igntru (vjnjhc pabĕtgjs prcehczavgdug). Ŭgj anecrgtdag subĕtgheg gr rjgkanauma erjgtc BP\ - vanbgkngc.
Ŭguc djtu Rjxas Ghstrudjhts A@ vargkngŰ vanbydug sgūncdg BP\=
Iazghĕs srcvĕs datavgdas
Rjxas Ghstrudjhts pasgūnĕ srcvĕs datavgdc fūbĊ, kurgad hjrjgkga frahegŰ mutgkngŰ, mutgkngŰ, c kahanŰ kahanŰ skagĄgŰ skagĄgŰ sudaŸghc sudaŸghc huc 0 gkg 1.
Datavgdc prc`jsas vgsgškag hjprgknausc huc ghvjrtjrgc ģĕmgdc ‐ gšĕmgdc erahbghgŰ . Datavgdug vgjtcmj 6 ‐ 0 srcvĕs mutgkngŰ gr ahanceghgc sgehanc kjgtgkngŰ vgsgškag pakahka vgjhc kjgtgkngc ahanceas ‐ kcbas kjgtgkngc gr šuhtucmahĄgc hucnatghĕs srcvĕs erahbghė rjzgstcrgaus.
Prcvĕ datucmada 0 fūsjhcsj (1,<,<); (<,1,<); (<,<,1).
Yjktcrghgc vanbydc sgstjdcs \aerghbghgag kcdpchjhtŰ eadghtcmag gr sgūncdcs sgstjdcs
\aerghbghgag kcdpchjhtŰ, skgrtŰ vargkngŰ vanbydug, eadghtcmag
Irjjs`anj Pjdg`chbu`tcr, Gh`. (Austgh, Rjxas, ZPA) - pusnagbghghkghgŰ kcdpchjhtŰ, vanbgkngŰ gr prc`jscrgŰ, skgrtŰ kcduhgka`gmcds, fugtghjg, autcdcfgnghjg gr pradchghjg jnjktrchgkag eadghtcmas. Ĩjgha ģ stadfgausgŰ pusnagbghghkghgŰ prgjtagsŰ pusnagbghghkghgŰ prgjtagsŰ eadghtcmŰ eadghtcmŰ bvgbjšgdtukĊ bvgbjšgdtukĊ . Kcdpahgma atsgrabc 6<<2 d. huc igrdcs Dctcrcna atsgskyrus pusnagbghghkgŰ prcbuk`gmcs sjktcrgug (Pjdg`chbu`tcr \rcbu`ts Pj`tcr - P\P) gr tapus savarahkgška kcdpahgma. Atsgsakgusg pusnagbghghkgŰ eadyfcs, Dctcrcna sukch`jhtravc mĕeas dcfgngamad ryšgug. P\P pabanghys savc vjgknĊ prabĕmc 17:0 d. Bjvghtadj bjšgdtdjtymj pusnagbghghkghgŰ prgjtagsŰ eadyfa subarĕ 0< prc`. vgsc Dctcrcna vjrsnc. Ahkstyvgjmg Appnj kcdpgutjrgag haubcmc P\P prc`jscrgus. Kcdpahgmag prgknausc bauegau kagp 9<<< patjhtŰ, bgrfa 61,:<< barfuctcmŰ, pabanghgag gšsgbĕstė vgsadj pasaunymj.
\aerghbghgag kcdpchjhtŰ, skgrtŰ vargkngŰ vanbydug eadghtcmag
Rjxas Ghstrudjhts Gh`., pnaĄgag Ÿghcda kagp RG ‐ MAY fjhbrcvĕ, ģsgkūrusg Banasj, Rjksasc vanstgmcmj, uŸsggdahtg pusnagbghghkgŰ eadyfa fjg kcdpgutjrghĕdgs tj`ohcncegmcdgs. Rjxas Ghstrudjhts yra pasaunghgs BP\ (BP@) eadyfcs nybjrgs. sjgsdghgŰ tyrgdŰ tyrgdŰ nafcratcrgma, Igrda ģkurta 170< d., kagp sjgsdghgŰ nafcratcrgma, c huc huc huc 17:6 d. bgrfa bgrfa pusnagbghghkghgŰ ģtagsŰ srgtymj. ‘RG„ yra trjĄga stadfgausga pusnagbghghkgŰ eadghtcma pasaunymj pc ‘Ghtjn„ gr ‘Padsuhe„, ahtra bgbŸgausga dcfgngjsgjds tjnjichads skgrtŰ nustŰ eadghtcma ahanceghgŰ pusnagbghghkgŰ pusnagbghghkgŰ eadghtcma eadghtcma pc ‘Quan`cdd„ fjg stadfgausga ahanceghgŰ eadghtcma (8:< <<< pavabghgdŰ). Fjhbrcvĕ spj`gangzavcsg gr eyhyfcs jnjktrchgkcs srgtymj (sjkgdc ģrahea, rakjtcs, fcdfcs, karghgag kcdpgutjrgag gr pah. sgstjdcs). 17:2 d. fjhbrcvĕ prgstatĕ pgrdĊmģ trahzgstcrghģ rabgmc gdtuvĊ, 1795 d. hjbgbjngc ghtjera`gmcs nagpshgc (RRN) ghtjerghģ erahbyhĊ, 1751 d. vgjhc nustc dgkrckcdpgutjrģ, 1750 d. eavc patjhtĊ uŸ pgrdĊmģ dgkrcprc`jscrgŰ, fjhbrcvĕs eadghadcs 52<< šjgdcs dgkrcs`ojdcs tapc pnaĄgag haubcmadu stahbartu. Wra nybjrgs aukštcs kckyfĕs kcdpchjhtŰ skgrtas trahspcrtug, tjnjkcduhgka`gmcds, pradchghjg gr karghjg jnjktrchgkag.
Irjjs`anj (Dctcrcna) vjktcrghgc vanbydc (IC@) sgstjda
BP@/D@Z= Kagp vanbgkngs, šgcmj sgstjdcmj eang fūtg haubcmada igrdcs Irjjs`anj BP@/D@Z= 1. D@:9I?65xx= D@:9I?60xx ahb D@:9I?65xx Bgegtan Pgehan @chtrcnnjrs (BP@s). 6. KY2x= Kghjtgs KY2x - 1:< DOz, AVD® @crtjx®-D2, Vjan-Rgdj @chtrcn, Dctcr ahb \cwjr @chtrcn, Ogeo-\jricrdah`j Dg`rc`chtrcnnjrs (D@Zs) Iavcrgtj. 0. D@:9I?2xxx= Bgegtan Pgehan @chtrcnnjrs. 2. YI9xx= AVD® @crtjx®-A: + @crtjx®-D2 Dg`rcprc`jsscrs, 1.:DF PVAD, N@B, sj`urgty, 6x Jtojrhjt, N6 swgt`o Iavcrgtj.
D@:9I?65xx= D@:9I?60xx ahb D@:9I?65xx Bgegtan Pgehan @chtrcnnjrs (BP@s).
D@:9I?60xx/5xx ‐ tag daŸcs vartcmadcsgcs eangcs :
KY2x= Kghjtgs KY2x - 1:< DOz, AVD® @crtjx®-D2, Vjan-Rgdj Dctcr @chtrcn
Pjrgmcmj „Kghjtgs Y— D@Z haubcmadas 06 skgnĄgŰ @CVRJ_ D2 AVD frahbucnys. Kurgaht šgĊ šjgdĊ stjhetasg daksgdangag pabgbghtg ghtjera`gmĊ gr sudaŸghtg papgnbcdŰ kcdpchjhtŰ skagĄgŰ pasgrghkgdas su ģvagrgags kcduhgka`gmcs, datavgdc gr vartctcmc sĊsamcs pnckštĕmj. \natus vargahtŰ pasgrghkgdas pjrgijrgmcs rghkghgags. Kghjtgs KY2x šjgdcs dgkrcvanbgkngag uŸtgkrgha gšskgrtghģ vanbydc tgksnudĊ, taktghgs baŸhgs 1:< DOz, turg ghtjeructĊ BP\ BP\ gr pnaukgcmahĄgc kafnjngc fnckĊ, bu 16 skgnĄgŰ AB@ su 62< hs kjgtgdc nagku, jINjx\UD dcbunģ su 016ps skgrgadudu, 0< \UD kahanŰ duntgvargknghĕds sgstjdcds gr bu Injx@AH dcbungus. Wra pnatg prceradŰ fgfngctjka gr vargkngŰ kchigeūravgdc prgjdchĕs. Cptgdanus pasgrghkgdas kaghcs/iuhk`gchanudc pcŸgūrgu Ŭjgda skgrta
D@:9I?2xxx= Bgegtan Pgehan @chtrcnnjrs
D@:9I?2xxx paerghbas - haumag Irjjs`anj sukurtas 06 skgnĄgŰ 1<< DOz BP\ frahbucnys :9?<
YI9xx= AVD® @crtjx®-A: @crtjx®-A: + @crtjx®-D2 Dg`rcprc`jsscrs, 1.:DF PVAD, N@B, 6x Jtojrhjt
Rag AVD tj`ohcncegmcs „Yyfrgb YI9xx— šjgdcs 6 frahbucngŰ kchtrcnjrgs. @crtjx-A: atsakgheas uŸ eraigkĊ gr tagkcdasgas vanbydc prceradas, kurgcs turg fūtg vykbcdcs daksgdangu erjgĄgu, c @crtjx-D2 vykbc prceradas su prcehczucmadu vykbydc nagku. AVD yra sudaŸghtc kcdahbŰ rghkghgc (VGP@) prc`jscrgŰ frahbucngc kcdpahgma AVD Ocnbghes. Yyfrgb šjgdcs gšskgrtghudas ar`ogtjktūra, kurgĊ kurgĊ sukūrĕ sukūrĕ frgtŰ kcdpahgma gšskgrtghudas ‐ ‐ ghtjeructg prj`gzghgc rjanaus nagkc vanbydc gr saueudc sprjhbgdag, su ejrgausga savc knasĕmj 6B eraigka. NjgbŸga kurtg nafag eangheas rjanaus nagkc vanbydc sgstjdas su vgjhu djtu tadj paĄgadj ģtagsj iuhk`gchucmahĄgcdgs kjngcdgs
BP\:9I?<_= 19-fgt Bgegtan Pgehan @chtrcnnjrs
‘Dctcrcna„ BP\:9I?<_ šjgda turg 19 skgnĄgŰ :9?<< frahbucnģ jkchcdgškgjds skagtdjhghgc pavarŰ vanbydc skgrta tagkydads. Apmuhega D@Z gr BP\ iuhk`gmas. ŬjgdĊ subarc BP\:9I?<1,, ?<0, ?<: gr ?<5 . BP\:9I?<1
BP\:9I?<_= 19-fgt Bgegtan Pgehan @chtrcnnjrs Yjktcrghgc vanbydc djtcbas su BP\:9I?
• Yargkngc paradjtrŰ paradjtrŰ (iazghĕ (iazghĕ ģtadpa, srcvĕ) datavgdas. • GšdatuctŰ bybŸgŰ kjgtgdas ģ bvgiazė kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ haubcmaht @nark‟c trahsicrda`gmĊ . • Vctcrgaus srautc vjktcrgaus adpngtubĕs gr kadpc skagĄgavgdas. • Ptatcrgaus srcvĕs kjgtgdas ģ b-q kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ haubcmaht \ark‟c trahsicrda`gmĊ . • ErjgĄgc vanbydc kchtūrj dcdjhtas vanbcdas paean g qs srcvĕs vjktcrgaus bjbadĊmĊ . • Vctcrgaus srautc vanbydas rjangzuctas paean g bs srcvĕs vjktcrgaus bjbadĊmĊ . • Ptatcrgaus ģtadpcs vjktcrgus atvgrkštghj \ark‟c trahsicrda`gma trahsicrducmadas huc b-q kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcs ģ bvgiazė su kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ sgstjdĊ α α-ζ. statcrgudg surgšta kccrbghaĄgŰ • Jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus dcbunga`gmcs prgh`gpu ejhjrucmada trgiazĕ
\c prabghgc hustatydc kcdahbcs, t.y. pc dagtghgdc ģtadpcs ģmuhegdc, vanbydc sgstjdcmj ejhjrucmada pjrtrauktgjs fūsjha gr pavara yra rahkghgadj vjgkgdc rjŸgdj. Mjgeu gšcrghgc vanbydc dyetuku bucbada stafbydc kcdahba gr tuc djtu hĕra bjtjktucmadas ejbgdas, pjrtrauktgjs fūsjha kjgĄgada ģ ģ sustafbytĊ sustafbytĊ . \rgjšgheu atvjmu pavara ngjka naukgdc (pjrtrauktgjs) fūsjhcmj. Mjg atsgrahba ejbgdas, ejhjrucmada ejbgdc fūsjha. Naukgdc gr sustafbytcmj fūsjhcmj vjgkgdc rjŸgdas eang fūtg hustatcdas gšcrghgu kcdpgutjrgu. Vahkghgadj rjŸgdj sgstjda vanbcda ģmuhegdc/stafbydc gr erjgĄgc bgbghgdc/daŸghgdc dyetukags. Mjgeu gšcrghgc vanbydc dyetuku arfa kcdpgutjrgu bucbadas panjgbgdc sgehanas, tag stafbydc fūsjha panjgbgdc. kjgĄgada ģ panjgbgdc.
Vjgkanaumadas erjgtgs hustatcdas erjgĄgc bgbghgdc/daŸghgdc dyetuku arfa gšcrghgu ģ rjŸgdŰ rjŸgdŰ vanbydc kcdpgutjrgu. Vjgkanghec erjgĄgc sgehanas ģvjbadas ģ vanbydc dcbunģ, kur paean erjgtĕmgdc/nĕtĕmgdc sahtykģ hustatcda hustatcda kcdahba erjgĄgc rjeungatcrgug. \aean jsadĊ gr hustatcda erjgĄgc paknagba. Eavės erjgĄgc paknagbcs sgehanĊ, erjgĄgc rjgkangheĊ erjgtģ rjgkangheĊ erjgtģ hustatcda rjeungatcrgus ejhjrucma rjgkangheĊ g sq* sq* srcvĕs bjbadĊmĊ, huc kurgcs prgknausc vargkngc vjnjhc dcdjhtas. Kgta srcvĕs vjktcrgaus bjbadcmg g sb* sb* , huc kurgcs prgknausc rctcrgaus srautas, ejhjrucmada srautc rjeungatcrgaus gšĕmgdj. \aean naukc sgnphghgdc anecrgtdĊ hustatcdas rjgkangheas rctcrgaus srautas, kurgs nyeghadas su dcbjnymj apskagĄguctu srautc bybŸgu.
Pkgrtudas tarp rjgkanghec gr apskagĄguctc rctcrgaus srautc subarc srautc paknagbĊ . \aean srautc paknagbĊ, srautc rjeungatcrgaus gšĕmgdj ejhjrucmada rjgkanghea statcrgaus srcvĕs vjktcrgaus bjbadcmg g sb* sb* . Ptatcrgaus srcvĕs vjktcrgaus bjbadcsgcs g sa sa, g sf sf, g s` s` (trgiazĕ sgstjda) datucmadcs gr trahsicrducmadcs ģ hjmubahĄgĊma (bvgiazė) kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ α - ζ, c gš mcs ģ ģ kccrbghaĄgŰ kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdĊ sgstjdĊ b-q b-q,, kurg muba rctcrgaus srautc erjgĄgu. \aean kghtadŰmŰ atskyrgdc anecrgtdĊ hustatcdcs statcrgaus ģtadpcs vjktcrgaus bjbadcsgcs usb gr usq. Rcngau haubcmaht atvgrkštghė \ark‟c trahsicrda`gmĊ erģŸtada prgj hjmubahĄgcsgcs kccrbghaĄgŰ sgstjdcs, hustatcdcs usα gr us ζ bjbadcsgcs. Jrbvghgc vjktcrgaus dcbunga`gmcs djtcbu ejhjrucmada trgiazĕs ģtadpcs sgstjda, kurg haubcmada vargknymj.
Yanbydc prc`jsc djtu datucmada hucnatghĕ ģtadpa, srcvĕ gr fūsjhcs tjdpjratūra.
Ŭgj bybŸgag haubcmadg apsaueag huc pabgbĕmusgcs ar sudaŸĕmusgcs ģtadpcs, pabgbĕmusgcs srcvĕs gr vargkngc pjrkagtgdc apsaueag. Ŵjdcs ģtadpcs gr pjrkagtgdc apsauecs rjangzuctcs prceradgškag. \jr bgbjnĕs srcvĕs gr ģtadpcs sgehanag tgjsgcegag pabucbadg ģ BP\ prc`jscrgaus ģĕmgdus, kur hucnat tgkrghada ejbgdc fūsjha. Atsgrabus ejbgdĊ rjgškgahtgjds sgehanads pavara stafbcda. Datucmada nghgmghĕ ģtadpa gr atsgŸvjnegaht ģ rjŸgdĊ, hustatcdas ģtadpcs nyegs 11:Y ar 60
Rjxas Ghstrudjhts A@ vargkng Ű vanbydc sgstjda
Ghighjch Rj`ohcncegjs - A@ Ghbu`tgch Dctcrs @chtrcn
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