INTRODUCTION TO LAW Atty. Weng Santos 1
COURSE DESCRIPTION (as provided by the Legal Education Board) A general course given to freshmen, providing for an overview of the various aspects of the concept of law, with emphasis on the relationship between law, jurisprudence, equity, courts, society, and public policy, presented through selected provisions of law, cases, and other materials depicting settled principles and current developments, both local and international, including a review of the evolution e volution of the Philippine legal system.
COURSE SYLLABUS I.
Introductory A. Law 1. What is “law”? The Path of the Law , Oliver Wendell Wendell Holmes, Holmes, Jr., 10 Harvard Law Law Review 457 (1897) Civil Code of the Philippines: Commentaries and Jurisprudence, Volume I b y Arturo M. Tolentino, “Philippine Civil Law: Introduction” An Introduction to Philippine Law, 7 th Edition by Melquiades J. Gamboa, “Chapter IV: Law, the Individual and Society” Main Opinion of Justice Lucero and Separate Concurring Opinion of Justice Rodriguez Rodriguez in Lapitan v. PCSO , 60 O.G. O.G. 6841 Legal Education in the Philippines: Confronting the Issues of Relevance and Responsiveness , Theodore Theodore O. Te, 63 PLJ Second Second Quarter, Quarter, available available at http://plj.upd.edu.ph/leg http://plj.upd .edu.ph/legal-education-i al-education-in-the-philippi n-the-philippines-confronti nes-confrontingngthe-issues-of-relevance-and-r the-issues-o f-relevance-and-responsiveness esponsiveness// (last accessed August 2016) 2. Effect and Application of Laws Chapter I, Preliminary Title , New Civil Code, “Effect and Application of Laws” When Laws Take Effect Tañada v. Tuvera , 136 SCRA SCRA 27 (1985) Tañada v. Tuvera , 146 SCRA SCRA 446 (1986) Askay v. Cosalan , 46 Phil. Phil. 179 (1924) (1924) Balbuna v. Secretary of Education , 110 Phil. Phil. 150 (1960) (1960)
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With contribution by Atty. Osh Haulo
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor – Victor Hugo
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Victorias Milling Company, Inc. v. Social Security Commission, 4 SCRA 627 (1962) Judicial Decisions Lazatin v. Desierto , 588 SCRA 285 (2009) Co v. Court of Appeals , 227 SCRA 444 (1993) Albert v. Court of First Instance of Manila (Br. VI) , 23 SCRA 948 (1968) De Roy v. Court of Appeals , 157 SCRA 757 (1988) Ignorance of the Law Zulueta v. Zulueta , 1 Phil., 254 (1902) De Luna et al. v. Linatoc , 74 Phil., 15 (1942) Silence of the Law Cerrano v. Tan Chuco , 38 Phil. 392 (1918) Philippine Bank of Commerce v. De Vera , 6 SCRA 1026 (1962) 3. Law v. Morality, Justice, Social Justice, Equity An Introduction to Philippine Law, 7 th Edition by Melquiades J. Gamboa, “Chapter I: The General Nature of Law” Leus v. St. Scholastica's College Westgrove , 748 SCRA 378 (2015) Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Commission on Elections , 618 SCRA 32 (2010) On the Connection Between Law and Justice , Anthony D'Amato, 26 U. C. Davis L. Rev. 527-582 (1992-93) available at http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?a rticle=1001&context=facultyworkingpapers (last accessed August 2016) Calalang v. Williams et al., 70 Phil., 726 (1940) Agabon v. National Labor Relations Commission , 442 SCRA 573 (November 17, 2004) Reno Foods, Inc. v. Nagkakaisang Lakas ng Manggagawa (NLM)Katipunan , 615 SCRA 240 (2010) Hodges v. Yulo , 81 Phil. 622 (1948) Muller v. Muller , 500 SCRA 65 (2006) Department of Public Works and Highways v. Quiwa , 665 SCRA 479 (2012) Agra v. Philippine National Bank, 309 SCRA 509 (1999) Philippine National Bank v. Intermediate Appellate Court , 189 SCRA 680 (1990) Rubio v. Alabata , 717 SCRA 554 (2014) Salvacion v. Central Bank of the Philippines , 278 SCRA 27 (1997) 4. Substantive v. Adjective Law Tamayo v. Gsell , 35 Phil. 982 (1916) Separate Dissenting Opinion of Justice Feria in Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640, (1948) Primicias v. Ocampo, 93 Phil. 452 (1953) Tan, Jr. v. Court of Appeals , 373 SCRA 524 (2002)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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5. Sources of Law An Introduction to Philippine Law, 7 th Edition by Melquiades J. Gamboa, “Chapter II: The Sources of Law” B. Lawyers 1. Who are “lawyers”? Rule 138, Rules of Court, “ Attorneys and Admission to the Bar” Rule 138-A, Rules of Court “Law Student Practice Rule” Ulep v. Legal Clinic, Inc., 223 SCRA 378 (1993) Philippine Lawyer's Association v. Agrava , etc., 105 Phil. 173 (1959) Cojuangco, Jr. v. Palma , 438 SCRA 306 (2004) 2. The Bar In Re: Integration of the Bar of the Philippines , 49 SCRA 22 (1973) In Re: Vicente Raul Almacen , 31 SCRA 562 (1954) In Re: Albino Cunanan , 94 Phil. 534 (1954) 3. The Practice of Law Cayetano v. Monsod , 201 SCRA 210 (1991) Ulep v. Legal Clinic, Inc., 223 SCRA 378 (1993) Cojuangco, Jr. v. Palma , 438 SCRA 306 (2004) In Re: Letter of the UP Law Faculty Entitled "Restoring Integrity: A Statement by the Faculty of the UP College of Law on the Allegations of Plagiarism and Misrepresentation in the Supreme Court, 644 SCRA 543 (2011) R.A. No. 9999, “The Free Legal Assistance Act of 2010” C. Lawyering 1. The Legal Method The Disappearance of the Legal Method , Richard B. Cappalli, 70 Temp. L. Rev. 393-445 (1997) 2. Argumentation and Logic The Architecture of Argument , James C. Raymond, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at http://philja.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/files/pdf/journal/vol4issue14.pdf (last accessed August 2016) Legal Logic , Ranhilo C. Aquino, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at http://philja.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/files/pdf/journal/vol4issue14.pdf (last accessed August 2016) 3. Analyzing Decisions The Four “Cs” of Effective Decision-Writing: An Introduction for Newly Appointed Justices , Artemio V. Panganiban, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at http://philja.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/files/pdf/journal/vol4issue14.pdf (last accessed August 2016)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Decision Writing , Lucas P. Bersamin, The PHILJA Judicial Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 14, October-December 2002, available at http://philja.judiciary.gov.ph/assets/files/pdf/journal/vol4issue14.pdf (last accessed August 2016) 4. Case Briefs and Legal Writing How to Brief a Case , Christopher Pyle, available at https://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/research/brief.html (last accessed August, 2016) Legal Writing 201, Mark. P. Painter, available at https://www.uniceub.br/media/180309/Texto_VIII.pdf (last accessed August, 2016)
II.
Philippine Legal System A. Philippine Legal History A Guide to Philippine Legal Information by Antonio M. Santos, “Chapter II – Historical Evolution of Philippine Law: An Overview” B. Civil Law and Common Law A Guide to Philippine Legal Information by Antonio M. Santos, “Chapter III – The Philippine Legal System” Lost in Translation: Oral Advocacy in a Land Without Binding Precedent , Sabrina DeFabritiis, available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2004484 (last accessed August 2016) In Re: Application of Max Shoop for Admission to Practice Law , 41 Phil. 213 (1920) C. The Hybrid System of the Philippines Legal Method Essentials 2.0 by Dante B. Gatmaytan, “ Chapter 2: Philippine History and the Legal System” Mixed Jurisdictions: Common Law v. Civil Law (Codified and Uncodified) , William Tetley, 60 La. L. Rev. (2000), available at http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5822& context=lalrev (last accessed August 2016) Cruz v. Pahati , 98 Phil. 788 (1956) D. The Hierarchy of Courts 1. The Doctrine of Hierarchy of Courts The Diocese of Bacolod v. Commission on Elections , 747 SCRA 1 (2015) 2. Separation and Blending of Powers Abueva v. Wood , 45 Phil. 612 (1924) Angara v. Electoral Commission , 63 Phil. 139 (1936) 3. The Supreme Court 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIII, “The Judicial Department” Firestone Ceramics, Inc. v. Court of Appeals , 334 SCRA 465 (2000) Fabian v. Desierto , 295 SCRA 470 (1998)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Secretary of National Defense v. Manalo , 568 SCRA 1 (2008) 4. Other Collegial Courts C.A. No. 3, “ An Act to Amend Certain Provisions of the Revised Administrative Code on the Judiciary, by Reducing the Number of Justices of the Supreme Court and Creating the Court of Appeals...” Carpio-Morales, in her capacity as Ombudsman v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 217126-27, November 10, 2015 R.A. No. 1125, “ An Act Creating the Court of Tax Appeals” R.A. No. 9282, “ An Act Expanding the Jurisdiction of the Court of Tax Appeals, Elevating its Rank to the Level of Collegiate Court...” 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XI, “ Accountability of Public Officers” P.D. No. 1606, “Revising P.D. No. 1648 Creating as Special Court to be Known as Sandiganbayan...” R.A. No. 8249, “ An Act Further Defining the Jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan...” Duncano v. Sandiganbayan , G.R. No. 191894, July 15, 2015 5. The Trial Courts B.P. No. 129, “The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980” R.A. No. 7691, “ An Act Expanding the Jurisdiction of the Metroploitan Trial Courts...” 6. Judicial and Bar Council 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIII, “ The Judicial Department” In Re: Hon. Mateo A. Valenzuela and Hon. Placido B. Vallarta , 298 SCRA 408, November 09, 1998 De Castro v. Judicial and Bar Council , 615 SCRA 666 (2010) Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council , 676 SCRA 579 (2012) Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council , 696 SCRA 496 (2013)
III.
State and Government A. The State 1. What is a “State” ? Collector of Internal Revenue v. Campos Rueda , 42 SCRA 23 (1971) 2. Democratic State Tolentino v. Commission on Elections , 420 SCRA 438 (2004) B. The Philippine Government 1. What is a “Government”? United States v. Dorr , 2 Phil. 332 (1903) 2. Parens Patriae Government of the P. I. v. Monte de Piedad , 35 Phil. 728 (1916) 3. Type of Government / Separation of Governmental Powers Angara v. Electoral Commission , 63 Phil. 139 (1936) Santiago v. Guingona, Jr., 298 SCRA 756 (1998)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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IV.
The Constitution A. What is a “Constitution”? Separate Concurring and Dissenting Opinion of Justices Johns, Villamor, and Ostrand in Lopez v. De los Reyes , 55 Phil. 170 (1930) B. Interpretation of the Constitution 1. Generally Nitafan v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , 152 SCRA 284 (1987) Filoteo, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan , 263 SCRA 222 (1996) 2. Who interprets the Constitution? Lopez v. Roxas, et al., 17 SCRA 756 (1966) Angara v. Electoral Commission , 63 Phil. 139 (1936) 3. Construction Limitations Angara v. Electoral Commission , 63 Phil. 139 (1936) Endencia v. David , 93 Phil. 696 (1953) 4. Language J.M. Tuason & Co., Inc. v. Land Tenure Administration , 31 SCRA 413 (1970) Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary , 194 SCRA 317 (1991) La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, 421 SCRA 148 (2004) La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos , 445 SCRA 1 (2004) Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552 (1950) 5. Rules of Construction Sarmiento v. Mison , 156 SCRA 549 (1987) Integrated Bar of the Philippines v. Zamora , 338 SCRA 81 (2000) Marcelino v. Cruz , 121 SCRA 51 (1983) Co v. Electoral Tribunal , 199 SCRA 692 (1991) 6. Aids in Interpretation Legaspi v. Minister of Finance , 115 SCRA 418 (1982) Montejo v. COMELEC , 242 SCRA 415 (1995) La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos , 421 SCRA 148 (2004) La Bugal-B’Laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos , 445 SCRA 1 (2004) 7. Self-Executing Provisions Tañada v. Angara , 272 SCRA 18 (1997) Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS , 267 SCRA 408 (1997) Oposa v. Factoran , 224 SCRA 792 (1993)
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Judicial Review A. What is “Judicial Power”? 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIII, “ The Judicial Department” Marbury v. Madison , 5 US 137 (1803) Lopez v. Roxas, et al., 17 SCRA 756 (1966) Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr. , 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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B. Judicial Supremacy Araullo v. Aquino , G.R. No. 209287 (July 1, 2014) Angara v. Electoral Commission , 63 Phil. 139 (1936) Mutuc v. Commission on Elections , 36 SCRA 228 (1970) Manila Prince Hotel v. Government Service Insurance System, 267 SCRA 408 (1997) C. Requisites Francisco, Jr. v. Nagmamalasakit na mga Manananggol ng mga Manggagawang Pilipino, Inc. , 415 SCRA 44 (2003) Montesclaros v. Commission on Elections , 384 SCRA 269 (2002) D. Political Question Tañada and Macapagal v. Cuenco, et al. , 103 Phil. 1051, February 28, 1957 Sanidad v. Commission on Elections , 73 SCRA 333 (1976) E. Effects of Unconstitutionality 1. Generally Chapter I, Preliminary Title, New Civil Code, “ Effect and Application of Laws” Republic v. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 509 (1993) Film Development Council of the Philippines v. Colon Heritage Realty Corporation , G.R. No. 203754 (June 16, 2015) 2. Operative Fact Doctrine De Agbayani v. Philippine National Bank , 38 SCRA 429 (1971) Hacienda Luisita, Incorporated v. Presidential Agrarian Reform Council , 660 SCRA 525 (2011) Araullo v. Aquino , G.R. No. 209287 (July 1, 2014) F. Rules of Avoidance / Judicial Restraint Separate Concurring Opinion of Justice Brandeis in Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority , 297 U.S. 288 (1936) Central Bank Employees Association, Inc. v. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , 446 SCRA 299 (2004) Separate Concurring Opinion of Chief Justice Sereno in Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr. , 710 SCRA 1 (2013)
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Statutory Construction Basics A. Aids to Construction 1. Generally Ebarle v. Sucaldito , 156 SCRA 803 (1987) People v. Purisima , 86 SCRA 542 (1978) Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. TMX Sales, Inc., 205 SCRA 184 (1992) People v. Subido , 66 SCRA 545 (1996) Hidalgo v. Hidalgo , 33 SCRA 105 (1970) 2. Legislative History
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Song Kiat Chocolate Factory v. Central Bank , 102 Phil. 477 (1957) Francisco v. Bosier , 332 SCRA 792 (2000) Buenaseda v. Flavier , 226 SCRA 645 (1993) People v. Yadao , 94 Phil. 726 (1954) 3. Contemporary Construction Nestle Philippines Inc. v. Court of Appeals , 203 SCRA 504 (1991) Philippine Scout Veterans Security and Investigation Agency Inc. v. National Labor Relations Commission , 262 SCRA 112 (1996) Adasa v. Abalos , 516 SCRA 261 (2007) 4. Statutory Directives Vergara, Jr. v. Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. , 694 SCRA 273 (2013) B. Interpretation of Words and Phrases 1. General and Particular Use of Words Matuguina Integrated Wood Products, Inc. v. Court of Appeals , 263 SCA 490 Tan v. People , 290 SCRA 117 (1998) Bernardo v. Bernardo , 96 Phil. 202 (1954) Malanyaon v. Lising , 106 SCRA 237 2. Associated Words V.C. Ponce Company, Inc. v. Reyes , 561 SCRA 646 (2008)
VII.
Essential Legal Concepts A. Jurisdiction B. Precedent 1. Generally Precedent , Frederick Schauer, 39 Stan. L. Rev. 571 The Rule of Law and the Law of Precedents , Daniel A. Farber, 90 Minn. L. Rev. 1173 Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment , 576 U.S. __, 135 S. Ct. 2401, No. 13-720 (2015) Fermin v. People , 550 SCRA 132 , March 28, 2008 2. Stare Decisis Villena v. Chavez , 415 SCRA 33 (2003) De Mesa v. Pepsi Cola Products Phils., Inc., 467 SCRA 433 (2005) Chinese Young Men's Christian Association of the Philippine Islands v. Remington Steel Corporation , 550 SCRA 180 (2008) Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines, Incorporated v. Pagdanganan , 504 SCRA 549 (2006) 3. Law of the Case Veloso, Jr. v. Court of Appeals , 261 SCRA 196 (1996) Agustin v. Court of Appeals , 271 SCRA 457 (1997) 4. Res Judicata – Bar by prior judgment Degayo v. Magbanua-Dinglasan , G.R. Nos. 173148 (April 6, 2015)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Villa v. Sandiganbayan , 208 SCRA 283 (1992) Padillo v. Court of Appeals , 371 SCRA 27 (2001) 5. Res Judicata - Conclusiveness of judgment Antonio v. Vda. De Monje , 631 SCRA 471 (2010) Republic v. Yu , 484 SCRA 416 (2006) Firestone Ceramics, Inc. v. Court of Appeals , 313 SCRA 522 (1999) C. Lis Pendens Lim v. Vera Cruz , 356 SCRA 386 (2001) Atlantic Erectors, Inc. v. Herbal Cove Realty Corporation , 399 SCRA 409 (2003) D. Rule of Law Reconstructing the Rule of Law, Robin West, 90 Geo. L. Rev. 215 (2001) The Rule of Law as a Law of Rules , Justice Antonin Scalia, 56 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1175, 1175-81 (1989) Sta. Maria v. Lopez , 31 SCRA 637 (1970) Fortun v. Labang , 104 SCRA 607 (1981) Tolentino v. Commission on Elections , 41 SCRA 702 (1971) Villavicencio v. Lukban., 39 Phil., 778 (1919) Philippine Ports Authority v. Nasipit Integrated Arrastre and Stevedoring Services, Inc., 575 SCRA 291 (2008) United States v. Mena , 11 Phil. 543 (1908) Navarra v. Office of the Ombudsman , 607 SCRA 355 (2009) Main Opinion of Justice Sanchez and Separate Concurring Opinion of Justice Fernando in Sta. Maria v. Lopez , 31 SCRA 637 (1970) Metropolitan Traffic Command West Traffic District v. Gonong, 187 SCRA 432 (1990) People v. Veneracion , 249 SCRA 244 (1995) E. Due Process 1. Generally Due Process of Law , Isaac Franklin Russel, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 14, No. 6 (Apr., 1905), pp. 322-332, available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/782385?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents (last accessed August 2016) Albert v. University Publishing Co., Inc., 13 SCRA 84 (1965) Secretary of Justice v. Lantion , 322 SCRA 160 (2000) White Light Corporation v. City of Manila , 576 SCRA 416 (2009) 2. Substantive Due Process Ynot v. IAC , 148 SCRA 659 (1987) United States v. Ling Su Fan , 10 Phil., 104 (1908) 3. Procedural Due Process Espleta v. Avelino , 63 SCRA 395 (1975) Gracilla v. Court of Industrial Relations , 25 SCRA 242 (1968) Samalio v. Court of Appeals , 454 SCRA 462 (2005)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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4. Judicial Due Process Banco Español v. Palanca , 37 Phil. 921 5. Administrative Due Process Montoya v. Varilla , 574 SCRA 831 (2008) Vivo v. Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR), 709 SCRA 276 (2013) Ang Tibay v. Court oh Industrial Relations etc. , 69 Phil. 635 (1940) F. Necessary Implication Chua v. Civil Service Commission , 206 SCRA 65 (1992) Macalintal v. Presidential Electoral Tribunal , 651 SCRA 239 (2011) Pepsi-Cola Products Philippines, Inc. v. Secretary of Labor , 312 SCRA 104 (1999) Atienza v. Villarosa , 458 SCRA 385 (2005) G. Prospectivity of Laws People v. Derilo , 271 SCRA 633 (1997) Co v. Court of Appeals , 227 SCRA 444 (1993) H. Landmark Case Santos v. Court of Appeals , 240 SCRA 20 (1995) Ochosa v.Alano , 640 SCRA 517 (2011) I. Leading Case Ting v. Velez-Ting , G.R. No. 166562 (March 31, 2009) Carpio-Morales v. Court of Appeals , G.R. Nos. 217126-27 (November 10, 2015) J. Dura Lex, Sed Lex Corpuz v. People , 724 SCRA 1 (2014)
VIII.
The Decision and the Dissent A. Basis of Decisions 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VIII, “ The Judicial Department” Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Court of Appeals , 293 SCRA 26 (1998) Oil and Natural Gas Commission v. Court of Appeals , 315 SCRA 296 (1999) B. Decision Velarde v. Social Justice Society , 489 SCRA 283 (2004) Reyes v. Reyes , 600 SCRA 345 (2009) Allied Banking Corporation v. Court of Appeals , 416 SCRA 65 (2003) Ong Ching Kian Chung v. China National Cereals Oil and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corp., 333 SCRA 390 (2000) Caltex (Philippines), Inc. v. Palomar , 18 SCRA 247 (1966) General v. Barrameda , 69 SCRA 182 (1976) Molina v. Rafferty , 38 Phil. 167 (1918) C. Dissenting Opinion
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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IX.
In Defense of Dissents , William J. Brennan, 37 Hastings L. J. 427 (1986) available at http://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&co ntext=tobriner (last accessed August 2016) In the Matter of the Charges of Plagiarism, etc., against Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo , 632 SCRA 607 (2010) In the Matter of the Charges of Plagiarism, Etc., Against Associate Justice Mariano C. Del Castillo , 642 SCRA 11 (2011) Manila Electric Company v. Castro-Bartolome , 114 SCRA 799 (1982) Director of Lands v. Intermediate Appellate Court , 146 SCRA 509 (1986) Llamado v. Court of Appeals , 174 SCRA 566 (1989) Tolentino v. Ongsiako , 7 SCRA 1001 (1963)
Ratio Decidendi, Fallo, and Obiter Dictum Determining the Ratio Decidendi of a Case , Arthur L. Goodhart, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 40, No. 2 (Dec., 1930), pp. 161-183, available at http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~horty/courses/readings/goodhart-1930ratio.pdf (last accessed August 2016) Mercado v. People , 392 SCRA 687 (2002) Villanueva v. Court of Appeals , 379 SCRA 463 (2002) Suntay v. Cojuangco-Suntay , 300 SCRA 760 (1998) Gonzales v. Solid Cement Corporation , 684 SCRA 344 (2012) People v. Macadaeg, et al., 91 Phil. 410 (1952) Ledesma v. Court of Appeals , 465 SCRA 437 (2005)
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Overview of the Branches of Law (Bar Exam Subjects) Re: 2003 Bar Examinations Atty. Danilo De Guzman , 586 SCRA 372 (2009) A. Political Law 1. Definition People v. Perfecto , 43 Phil. 887 (1922) Macariola v. Asuncion , 114 SCRA 77 (1982) 2. Co-Equal Branches of Government and the Separation of Powers Abueva v. Wood , 45 Phil. 612 (1924) Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council , 676 SCRA 579 (2012) In the Matter of: Save the Supreme Court Judicial Independence and Fiscal Autonomy Movement v. Abolition of Judiciary Development Fund (JDF) and Reduction of Fiscal Autonomy , 746 SCRA 352 (2015) Anak Mindanao Party-List Group v. The Executive Secretary , 531 SCRA 583 (2007) Re: COA Opinion on the Computation of the Appraised Value of the Properties Purchased by the Retired Chief/Associate Justice of the Supreme Court , 678 SCRA 1 (2012)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Re: In the Matter of Clarification of Exemption from Payment of All Court and Sheriffs Fees of Cooperatives Duly Registered in Accordance with Republic Act No. 9520 Otherwise Known as the Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008 , 668 SCRA 1 (2012) Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr. , 710 SCRA 1 (2013) Santiago v. Guingona, Jr., 298 SCRA 756 (1998) 3. The Executive Branch in Relation to the Judicial Branch Scope of Executive Power 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VII, “The Executive Department” Marcos v. Manglapus , 177 SCRA 668 , September 15, 1989 Marcos v. Manglapus , 178 SCRA 760 , October 27, 1989 Executive Privilege United States v. Nixon , 418 US 683 (1974) Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations , 549 SCRA 77 (2008) E.O. No. 464, “Ensuring Observance of the Principle of Separation of Powers, Adherence to the Rule on Executive Privilege and Respect for the Rights of Public Officials Appearing in Legislative Inquiries in Aid of Legislation Under the Constitution, and for Other Purposes” Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita , 488 SCRA 1 (2006) Immunity of the President from Suit Soliven v. Makasiar , 167 SCRA 393 (1988) David v. Macapagal-Arroyo , 489 SCRA 160 (2006) Impeachment of the President Estrada v. Desierto , 353 SCRA 452 , March 02, 2001 Estrada v. Desierto , 356 SCRA 108 , April 03, 2001 4. The Legislative Branch in Relation to the Judicial Branch Legislative Power and Police Power 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article VI, “ The Legislative Department” Occeña v. Commission on Elections , 95 SCRA 755 , January 28, 1980 Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Drilon , 163 SCRA 386 (1988) Ynot v. IAC , 148 SCRA 659 (1987) Gancayco v. City Government of Quezon City , 658 SCRA 853 (2011) Law-Making Power v. Rule-Making Authority Araneta, et al. v. Hon. M. Gatmaitan, et al. , 101 Phil. 328 (1957) Eastern Shipping Line v. POEA Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) v. National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) , 408 SCRA 678 (2003) Kilusang Mayo Uno v. NEDA , G.R. No. 167798 (April 19, 2006) Improper Delegation of Legislative Power Belgica v. Ochoa, Jr. , 710 SCRA 1 (2013) Araneta, et al. v. Hon. M. Gatmaitan, et al. , 101 Phil. 328 (1957)
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Bill of Rights as Protection from Government People v. Marti , 193 SCRA 57 (1991) Simon, Jr. v. Commission on Human Rights, 229 SCRA 117 (1994) Zulueta v. Court of Appeals , 253 SCRA 699 (1996) B. Labor Law 1. Labor Law Generally 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIII, “Social Justice and Human Rights” “ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work”, Adopted by the International Labour Conference at its Eighty-sixth Session, Geneva, 18 June 1998 Purpose Sameer Overseas Placement Agency, Inc. v. Cabiles , 732 SCRA 22 (2014) Zurbano, Sr. v. National Labor Relations Commission , 228 SCRA 556 (1993) Construction Mirant (Philippines) Corporation v. Caro , 723 SCRA 465 (2014) Abella v. National Labor Relations Commission , 152 SCRA 140 (1987) Reliance Surety & Insurance Co., Inc. v. NLRC , 193 SCRA 365 (1991) Buena Obra v. Social Security System , 401 SCRA 206 (2003) Management Prerogative v. Labor Protection San Miguel Brewery Sales Force Union (PTGWO) v. Ople , 170 SCRA 25 (1989) University of Sto. Tomas v. NLRC , 190 SCRA 758 (1990) Stanford Microsystems, Inc. v. NLRC , 157 SCRA 410 (1988) Master Iron Labor Union s. NLRC , 219 SCRA 47 (1993) 2. Social Legislation Government Service Insurance System v. De Leon , 635 SCRA 321 (2010) Oro Enterprises, Inc. v. NLRC , 238 SCRA 105 (1994) Santos v. Employees’ Compensation Commission , 221 SCRA 182 (1993) Vda. de Leorna v. Workmen’s Compensation Commission , 73 SCRA 228 (1976) Marcopper Mining Corporation v. NLRC , 255 SCRA 322 (1996) C. Civil Law 1. Generally Civil Code of the Philippines: Commentaries and Jurisprudence, Volume I by Arturo M. Tolentino, “Philippine Civil Law: Introduction” 2. Basic Concepts in Human Relations Acting with Justice Albetz Investment, Inc. v. Court of Appeals , 75 SCRA 310 (1977) Velayo, etc. v. Shell Co. of the Phils., et al., 100 Phil. 186 (1956) Limitation of the Court’s Intrusion into Private Affairs
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Felipe v. Leuterio etc. , et al., 91 Phil. 482 (1952) Fonacier v. Court of Appeals , 96 Phil. 417 ,(1955) Gashem Shookat Baksh v. Court of Appeals , 219 SCRA 115 (1993) Domalagan v. Bolifer , 33 Phil. 471 (1916) Hermosisima v. Court of Appeals, et al., 109 Phil. 629 (1960) Silva v. Peralta , 110 Phil. 57 (1960) D. The Law on Taxation 1. Generally Paseo Realty & Development Corporation v. Court of Appeals , 440 SCRA 235 (2004) Ferrer, Jr. v. Mayor Herbert Bautista , G.R. No. 210551 (June 30, 2015) Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Court of Appeals , 328 SCRA 666 (2000) 2. Purpose Saldana v. City of IloIlo , G.R. No. L-10470 (June 26, 1958) Lorenzo v. Posadas , 64 Phil. 353 (1937) E. Commercial Law 1. Generally Commercial Law Review, 2012 Edition by Cesar L. Villanueva, “Prefatory Discussions” 2. Basic Concepts National Patrimony and Filipino-First Policy Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS , 267 SCRA 408 (1997) Southern Cross Cement Corp. v. PHILCEMCOR , 465 SCRA 532 (2005) Espina v. Zamora, Jr., 631 SCRA 17 (2010) Judicial Review of Economic Matters Garcia v. Board of Investments , 1991 SCRA 288 (1990) F. Criminal Law 1. Generally The Revised Penal Code: Criminal Law, Book One, Seventh Edition by Luis B. Reyes, “Criminal Law In General” 2. Purpose People v. De la Cruz, 76 Phil. 169 (1946) United States v. Sotto , 38 Phil. 666 (1918) People v. Young , 83 Phil., 702 (1949) People v. Carillo and Raquenio, 85 Phil. 611 (1950) 3. Basic Concepts Generality People v. Galacgac, 54 O.G. 1027 Territoriality United States v. Bull., 15 Phil. 7 (1910) Uy v. Court of Appeals , 276 SCRA 367 (1997) Prospective
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Wright v. Court of Appeals , 235 SCRA 341 (1994) People v. Ferrer , 48 SCRA 382 (1972) 4. Pro Reo People v. Guinto , 736 SCRA 461 (2014) Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales Vda. De Carungcong v. People , 612 SCRA 272 (2010) Main Opinion of Justice Ynares-Santiago and Separate Opinion of Justice Corona in People v. Temporada , 574 SCRA 258 (2008) G. Remedial Law 1. Generally Bustos v. Lucero, 81 Phil. 640, (1948) Primicias v. Ocampo, etc. et al , 93 Phil., 457 (1953) Billones v. Court of Industrial Relations, 14 SCRA 674 (1965) Fabian v. Desierto GR 129742 sept 16 1998 People v. Sumilang , 77 Phil. 764 (1946) 2. Jurisdiction Cuenca v. Presidential Commission on Good Government , 535 SCRA 102 (2007) Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice , 301 SCRA 96 (1999) Herrera v. Barretto and Joaquin., 25 Phil. 245 (1913) H. Ethics 1. Code of Professional Responsibility The Lawyer’s Oath The Oath: The Lawyer's Ideal , Justice Jose Sabio, Jr., available at http://ca.judiciary.gov.ph/index.php?action=mnuactual_contents&ap= j8080 (last accessed August 2016) Villahermosa, Sr. v. Caracol , 746 SCRA 320 (2015) Penilla, v. Alcid, Jr. , 705 SCRA 1 (2013) Four-Fold Duty Tumbokon v. Pefianco , 678 SCRA 60 (2012) Garcia v. Bala , 476 SCRA 85 (2005) The Lawyer and Society Re: Report on the Financial Audit Conducted on the Books of Accounts of Atty. Raquel G. Kho, Clerk of Court IV, RTC, Oras, Eastern Samar , 493 SCRA 44 (2006) Re: Report on the Financial Audit Conducted on the Books of Accounts of Atty. Raquel G. Kho, Clerk of Court IV, RTC, Oras, Eastern Samar , 521 SCRA 25 (2007) Eufemio v. Madamba , 448 SCRA 81 (2005) The Lawyer and the Legal Profession Catu v. Rellosa , 546 SCRA 209 (2008) In re: Victorio D. Lanuevo , 66 SCRA 245 (1975) The Lawyer and the Courts
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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Muñoz v. People , 53 SCRA 190 (1973) Olivares v. Villalon, Jr., 521 SCRA 12 (2007) The Lawyer and the Client Hilado v. David , 84 Phil. 569 (1949) Oparel v. Abaria, A.C. No. 959 (July 30, 1971) Rollon v. Naraval , 452 SCRA 675 (2005) 2. Judicial Conduct Sabitsana, Jr. v. Villamor , A.M. No. 90-474 (October 4, 1991) OCA v. De Guzman , A.M. No. RTJ-93-1021 (1997) Jamsani-Rodriguez v. Ong , 628 SCRA 626 (2010) Reyes v. Reyes , 600 SCRA 345 (2009)
BOOK REFERENCES 1. Aquino, D. R. (2011). Introduction to Law. Quezon City: Central Book Supply. 2. Gamboa, M. J. (1969). An Introduction to Philippine Law. Quezon City: Central Book Supply. 3. Gatmaytan, D. B. (2014). Legal method Essesntials 2.0. Quezon City: University of the Philippines College of Law. 4. Reyes, L. B. (2008). The Revised Penal Code: Criminal Law, Book One, Seventh Edition . Quezon City: Rex Book Store. 5. Santos, A. M. (2013). A Guide to Philippine Legal Information. Quezon City: University of the Philippines College of Law. 6. Tolentino, A. M. (1990). Civil Code of the Philippines: Comments and Jurisprudence, Vol. 1. Manila: Central Book Supply. 7. Villanueva, C. L. (2012). Commercial Law Review, 2012 Edition. Quezon City: Rex Book Store. CLASSROOM RULES Attendance Attendance is mandatory. Any anticipated absence should be reported to the instructor as soon as possible. Excuse letters must be officially approved to warrant any cancellation of a missed graded activity. Attendance, which is actual presence during each and every roll call at the beginning of class, will be rewarded at final grading. ( See “Grading”, below.) Academic Honesty
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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A student is expected to attribute and cite sources in their work. Group work is permitted only when specifically allowed by the instructor, and in such cases, students must acknowledge the extent of the contribution of everyone in the group.
Grading Recitation, quizzes, other in-classroom work, homework Midterm Exam Final Exam Student-suggested or other graded activity
50% 20% 25% 5%
A Final Exam typically has a wider coverage than a Midterm Exam, thus the Final Exam comprises a higher percentage of the student’s final grade than the Midterm Exam. For a student-suggested activity to be approved by the instructor, the activity must be unanimously agreed upon by all students in the class. Students with perfect attendance will have four (4) percentage points added to their final, non-transmuted grade. Students who missed one roll call will have two (2) percentage points added to their final, non-transmuted grade. Students who missed two (2) roll calls will receive one (1) percentage point. For the purpose of this attendance reward, no excuses will be entertained. Attire Court attire is encouraged. Business or office attire (Philippines) is permitted. Others There is a “no screen” policy in this cla ss. Students are required to put away all electronic devices, kept in silent mode.
Eating and drinking inside the classroom will be allowed only if the student brought enough for everyone in the class. No text book is required for this class. Readings are comprised mainly of cases, laws, and articles which are readily accessible to students. Readings which are not readily accessible to students will be provided by the instructor as a handout which the class may reproduce. The instructor reserves the right to amend the reading list as he deems fit. - WOS
”There is only one power, conscience, in the service of justice; and there is only one glory, genius, in the service of truth.” – Victor Hugo
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