Chapter 5 Intermediate Sanctions: Between Probation and Incarceration Multiple Choice 1. A philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces decentralization of authority, citizen participation, redefinition of the population for whom incarceration is most appropriate, and places an emphasis on rehabilitation through community programs is called a. community corrections. b. restitution. c. incapacitation. d. just deserts. Answer: a 2. Punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prison are called a. trap-door or side-door programs. b. front-end programs. c. back-end programs. d. net widening. Answer: b 3. Sanctions that move offenders from higher levels of control to lower ones for the final phase of their sentences are called a. trap-door or side-door programs. b. front-end programs. c. back-end programs. d. net widening. Answer: c 4. Emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison overcrowding are called a. trap-door or side-door programs. b. front-end programs. c. back-end programs. d. net widening. Answer: a 5. Intermediate Sanctions are sometimes referred to as a. back-end programs. b. alternatives to incarceration. c. evidence based corrections. d. net widening. Answer: c
6. The control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders is called a. probation ordered by the court. b. parole monitoring program. c. intensive supervision probation. d. work release programs. Answer: c 7. Intensive supervision probation (ISP) involves a. strict enforcement of conditions. b. random drug and alcohol testing. c. frequent contact between offender and probation officer. d. all of these e. none of these Answer: d 8. A special court that is given responsibility to handle cases involving drug-addicted offenders is called a. probate court. b. drug court. c. felony court. d. crack court. Answer: b 9. The nation’s first drug court was developed in a. New York. b. Philadelphia. c. Chicago. d. Miami. Answer: d 10. A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a a. bond. b. bail. c. fine. d. all of these Answer: c
11. A financial penalty scaled both to the defendant’s ability to pay and the seriousness of the offense is called (a) a. bond. b. bail. c. fine. d. day fine. e. all of these Answer: d 12. Jussi Salonoja of Finland was caught driving 50 mph in a 25 mph zone. Based on Finland’s day fine policy, his day fine was a. $150. b. $250. c. $1,000. d. $217,000. Answer: d 13. A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax supported agencies is called a. community service. b. a workhouse. c. a day fine. d. intensive probation. Answer: a 14. Community service as a criminal sanction began in the United states in a. Ohio. b. Florida. c. California. d. New York. e. Illinois. Answer: c 15. The states of ______________, Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of community service. a. West Virginia b. Vermont c. Washington d. South Carolina Answer: c
16. A community correctional center to which an offender reports each day to file a daily schedule with a supervision officer, showing how each hour will be spent is called a. a halfway house. b. a residential treatment center. c. an intensive supervision center. d. a day reporting center. Answer: d 17. Technologies that probation and parole officers use to monitor remotely the physical location of an offender are known as a. ground radar clutter. b. remote-location monitoring. c. extreme high frequency. d. low band emissions. Answer: b 18. A medium-security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly, unaccompanied by staff, for work, for education, or vocational programs, or for treatment in the community is called a. house of correction. b. a residential community center. c. an open institution. d. day fine center. Answer: b 19. A medium-security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly, unaccompanied by staff, for work, for education, or vocational programs, or for treatment in the community is called a. house of correction. b. halfway house. c. an open institution. d. day fine center. Answer: b 20. In 1983, in an effort to alleviate prison crowding and reduce recidivism, the departments of corrections in ____________ and Georgia opened the first adult prison programs modeled after military boot camps. a. California b. Florida c. South Carolina d. Oklahoma Answer: d
21. What type of offenders are in boot camps? a. young, nonviolent , and drug possession inmates b. mostly hardened criminals who have failed everywhere else in the system c. only violent offenders who failed in other programs d. boot camps are only for juveniles, there are no adult boot camps Answer: a 22. A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment is called a. a house of correction. b. a halfway house. c. an open institution. d. a day fine center. e. boot camp. Answer: e 23. Most research has shown that a. juvenile boot camps have reduced recidivism to only about 14%. b. juvenile boot camps have a higher recidivism rate than institutionalization in a juvenile facility. c. there is no evidence that boot camps significantly reduce recidivism. d. juvenile boot camps have a much lower recidivism rate than any other program. Answer: c 24. The Federal Bureau of Prisons recently announced that they were a. expanding their boot camp program to include violent offenders. b. expanding their boots camps from 3 to 8. c. going to close down their Intensive Confinement Center. d. going to do a national study of boot camps to determine their effectiveness. Answer: c 25. For those sentenced in drug court, the reduction in criminal activity is greatest a. with the most severe crimes. b. with the least severe crimes. c. for offenders with the most severe drug problems. d. for offenders with the lest severe drug problems. Answer: c
26. A study in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, found that drug court participants were _____________ likely to be re-arrested. a. 13 percent more b. 13 percent less c. 39 percent more d. 39 percent less Answer: b 27. How many states have passed community corrections acts? a. only four b. ten c. 28 d. all 50 Answer: c 28. Which state was the first state to adopt a Community Corrections Act? a. Texas b. California c. Illinois d. Minnesota Answer: d 29. The increase in the number of offenders sentenced to a higher level of restriction has been called a. trap-door or side-door programs. b. front-end programs. c. back-end programs. d. net widening. Answer: d 30. Which of the following sentencing options is the most expensive? a. boot camp b. prison c. jail d. halfway houses Answer: a Fill-in-the-Blank 1. A philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces decentralization of authority, citizen participation, redefinition of the population for whom incarceration is most appropriate, and places an emphasis on rehabilitation through community programs is called ______________. Answer: community corrections
2. Punishment options for initial sentences more restrictive than traditional probation but less restrictive than jail or prison are called ______________. Answer: front-end programs 3. Sanctions that move offenders from higher levels of control to lower ones for the final phase of their sentences are called _____________. Answer: back-end programs 4. Emergency release options for special docket offenders, generally used to relieve prison overcrowding are called ______________. Answer: trap-door or side-door programs 5. The control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders is called ______________. Answer: intensive supervision probation 6. A special court that is given responsibility to handle cases involving drug-addicted offenders is called _____________. Answer: drug court 7. The nation’s first drug court was developed in _________________. Answer: Miami 8. A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a ___________. Answer: fine 9. A financial penalty scaled both to the defendant’s ability to pay and the seriousness of the offense is called a ______________. Answer: day fine 10. A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax supported agencies is called __________. Answer: community service 11. Community service as a criminal sanction began in the United States in _______. Answer: California 12. The states of ______________, Georgia and Texas are making extensive use of community service. Answer: Washington 13. A community correctional center to which an offender reports each day to file a daily schedule with a supervision officer, showing how each hour will be spent, is called ________________. Answer: a day reporting center
14. A medium-security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly, unaccompanied by staff, for work, for education, or vocational programs, or for treatment in the community is called __________. Answer: a residential community center 15. In 1983, in an effort to alleviate prison crowding and reduce recidivism, the departments of corrections in ____________ and Georgia opened the first adult prison programs modeled after military boot camps. Answer: Oklahoma 16. A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment is called ____________. Answer: boot camp 17. Most research about boot camps has shown that _____________. Answer: there is no evidence that boot camps significantly reduce recidivism 18. __________ was the first state to adopt a Community Corrections Act. Answer: Minnesota 19. The increase in the number of offenders sentenced to a higher level of restriction has been called _____________. Answer: net widening True/False 1. In comparison with the aims of other types of courts, those of the drug court are much less punitive and more healing and restorative in nature. Answer: True 2. At this point, the research shows that the use of “drug courts” has been a failure and the recidivism is higher for drug court graduates than regular probation. Answer: False 3. A day fine gets it name from how much a burglar can steal in one day. Answer: False 4. Most boot camps target young, first time offenders who have been convicted of such nonviolent crimes as drug possession. Answer: True
5. Research on recidivism shows that boot camps are no more successful than other kinds of juvenile treatments. Answer: True 6. While prisons are expensive, many boot camps are even more expensive. Answer: True 7. Since January, 2003, the nation’s jail and prison population has continued to decline. Answer: False 8. The control of offenders in the community under strict conditions, by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders is called intensive supervision probation. Answer: True 9. The body of literature on location monitoring meets the threshold of scientific rigor. Answer: False 10. A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a fine. Answer: True 11. A financial penalty scaled both to the defendant’s ability to pay and the seriousness of the offense is called a day fine. Answer: True 12. A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax supported agencies is called a day fine. Answer: False 13. Community service as a criminal sanction began in the United States in New York. Answer: False 14. A medium-security correctional setting that resident offenders are permitted to leave regularly, unaccompanied by staff, for work, for education, or vocational programs, or for treatment in the community is called a residential community center. Answer: True 15. A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority, responsibility, and a sense of accomplishment is called boot camp. Answer: True
