FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL Y AGRÍCOLA
MEZCLA ASFÁLTICA DENSA EN CALIENTE- MÉTODO MARSHALL
PRESENTADO A:
ING. GLORÍA BEL BE LTRÁN
PRESENTADO POR:
OSCAR DAVID GARZÓN BUITRAGO (215398 ( 215398)) RICARDO LOZANO CRUZ (25422410) LAURA CAILA NI!O CORREDOR (215429) "ORGE ERNESTO ERNESTO RO"AS CORREA CORREA (215459 (215459))
ASIGNATURA: ASIGNATURA:
ATERIALES #ARA CONSTRUCCIÓN (20159$5%2)
BOGOTÁ D.C
ABRIL DE 2013 2013
OB"ETIVOS
•
D&'&*+, -, &*'&+/*, , -, &,/*+ -'*/, &
•
•
&&/6&+& /*-6+*/ &&7/-, ,-'*/, ,, ,*&+',/*+ &-&,+ &,,,' ,:,--. ;,--, &- /&+',<& '* & ,,-' & =+, &7/-, &+, &+ /,-*&+'& ,, &>=&**&+' &&/6?/. E',@-&/& &- = '&+/*,- & -, &7/-, *&,,.
ATERIALES •
D**'* ,, -&, #@&', -& /*-6+*/ /+ /--, & &'&+*+ =+, -,/, & @,& -,+,. E- -& &@& '&+& =+ *&' *+'&* & 101.$ =+, ,-'=, *+'&+, ,*,, & $.2. E- -& &', &*' & ,F,,&,.
•
•
•
E',/' & #@&', E-&&+' &+ , & */ & ,/& ='*-*7, ,, &',& -, @&', /,/',, &- -& /+ -, ,=, & =+ /--, & &'&+*+. •
•
,'*-- & C,/',/*+ C+*'&+'& &+ =+ **'* & ,/& , =+, @,& -,+, /*/=-, & 98.4 & *&' =+ *'+&-*7,+'& & 453$ 9 F & & '',- +', &+ , >=&/*+& =+, ,-'=, & /,6, & 45.2 S=<&', &-& D**'* /+ &'& & '&+*+ *&, ,, /&+', 6F*,&+'& &- -& @& &&&',- ,- &+' & -, /,/',/*+.
&* & D&,/*+ E =+ &6&' & -&/'=, ?+,- ?<, /+ ***+& & 0.25. #&+, #,, -, '=, & -, @&', ='*-*7 =+, &+,
•
•
•
•
•
•
:*=-*/, /,,7 & =/* =+, &-/*, =+*& & &-,7,*&+' &'*/,- & 50.8 *+='.
a) Número e Pro!e"a#
&* & E',@*-*, S& *& /+ =+ ,+*-- *+,H'*/ ,/-, , -, &+, & 22.2 N & /,,/*,. L, &,/*+& &- ,+*-- & &*+ /+ =+ &6&' F,=, &+ 0.0025 . E-&&+' & /,-&,//*+ #,, /,-&+', - ,F&F, &- ,'&*,- ,-'*/ &/+<=+' & /,/',/*+ -, =&', & &-&, =+ :+. &7/-,, C & &&/'J, , ,+ & &,-*7, @& =+, &'=, ,, &*', &&+*,*&+' & - ,'&*,-& &*',+ @& /,-&+',*&+' -/,-&. T&&' B-*+, #,, &'&*+, -, '&&,'=, &- ,,-' ,F&F, &7/-,. B,-,+7, D& 5 F & /,,/*, ,, &, &,,-' - ,F&F,. G=,+'& D& '* & -, ,, ,+&<, &>=* /,-*&+'&
!) Ca$"%a e Ma"er%a&e#
#RE#ARACIÓN DE #ROBETAS
#,, &- F= & ',*/& &-&F* (3K4 N 4 N 40 N 200) & &,,+ /+ *&&+'& /+'&+* & ,,-' /+ =+ *+/&&+' &- 0.5M (5 5.5 $ $.5 .5) & ',- ,+&, >=& & =&,+ F,?/, = /=,+ >=& &*',+ &+/+', =+ ,- & ,,-' '*. S& &,,+ '& @&', /,, /+'&+* & ,,-'.
#,, =+ *& & $ =&', /+ *&&+'& /+'&+* & ,,-' /,, @&', & +&/&*', ,- &+ 1200F & *+F&*&+'& ,, =+, &*& & =&', & &/&+,@-& '&+& 23 F & ,F&F, ,-&& & 4 -*' & /&&+' ,-'*/. A& ,, &- /-/=- & F,&,& &&/6?/, & +&/&*', ,'&*,-. /) Pre'ara(%$ e &o# A*re*ao# D&@&+ &/,& :,', =+, ,, /+',+'& , '&&,'=, & 110 ,*,,&+'& & &,,+ ',*/& &+ - *F=*&+'& ',, (3K4 N 4 N 40 N 200). ) Pre'ara(%$ e &a# me+(&a# E+ @,+&<, ',,, &,,, /,, ,//*+ & =&', & &,,+ -, /,+'*,& & /,, ,F&F, ,, -, &,,/*+ & -, @&',. S& /,-&+',+ , =+, '&&,'=, & 28C &+/*, & -, '&&,'=, & -, &7/-,.
S& ',+?&& &- ,F&F, ,&/**&+'& & &7/-, +& & &7/-, &+ &/ & , =+ /'& &+ = /&+' +& & &'* &- ,,-' & &7/-,+ *,&+'& :,', /+&F=* =+, &7/-, :FH+&, /-&',. &) Com'a("a(%$ e &a 'ro!e"a# E- /+<=+' & -& &- /--, -, -,/, & @,& -, @,& & /,/',/*+ & -**,+ & /,-*&+',+ &+ &- :+ , =+, '&&,'=, & ,*,,&+'& 93C 150C.
D&=H & -, /,/',/*+ & &<, &+*, -, =&', :,', >=& + & =7/, +*+F=+, &,/*+ /=,+ ,-F, &-&.
S& /-/, =+ ,&- & ?-' &+ &+ ,+'& & /-/, -, &7/-, & &'& -, &7/-, &/*H+ &,,, & ,-*/,+ 5 F-& & -& , -, =&-', , -, @*>=&', & -& ,-*/, &- * +J& & F-& -, ', /,, & -, @*>=&',.
ENSAO DE ESTABILIDAD PLU"O
1. S& /-/, -, @&', &+' & =+ @, =,+'& 30 *+='. 2. S& &'*, -, @&', &- @, & /-/, /&+',, &+ -, ,7, *+&* & +', -, ,7, =&* /+ &&* & &,/*+ & *'J, /&+', &+ -, &+,. S& ,<=', &- &* &+ /& & ,+'*&+& = ',F ?& *&+', & &*&7, , ,-*/, /,F,. 3. S& ,-*/, -, /,F, /+ &,/*+ /+',+'& & 50.8 *+=' :,', >=& /=, -, ,--, & &/* /=,+ & ,-/,+7, -, *, /,F,. E- ,- ,/, &+ N&Q'+ >=& & +&/&*', ,, =/* -, ,--, & &F*', / ,- & &',@*-*, ,:,--.
5. S& &*'& &- /&**&+' ,, /,, =+, & -, @&',. DATOS ENSAO DEOSTRATIVO #,, -, @&', &,-*7,, &+ &&+, & /=-* -, &&/*?/,/*+& & -, +, INVE 48%0,, = &,,/*+ ,6 * & &,-*7 @& &', -, =&@, & &',@*-*, =< @'&+*&+ - *F=*&+'& &=-',
E',@*-*, P-=<
4. S& ,+', -, -&/'=, &+ &&* ?< &+ &- *+',+'& & &* -, /,F, *, &'& & &- ,- & =< ,, -, @&', & *+*/, -, **+=/*+ & *&' >=& =& -, @&', &+'& -, /,F, /& -, /,F, & '=,.
221F 40 10%2=-F 10.1$
L ,' @'&+* &+ -, /'*/, + + &&&+','* , >=& - & -& &,-*7 &&+, , =+, @*>=&', ',+' + :, *@*-*, & &*, - ,' @'&+* ,, , &/**+. A& &'& &, =+ &+, &','* +& = @<&'* *+/*,- &, & / & &,-*7, &- &+, @,< >=H /+*/*+& & &<&/=', ,& & @=/,@,
>=& + ,*-*,*7, /+ - *-&&+' &- -,@,'* ,, '&+& ,-FJ+ /+/**&+' &* &+ /= '&*&.
CÁLCULOS &*,+'& - /&**&+' &/*' , /+'*+=,/*+ & &'&+& @'&+& =+ *& & &7/-, ,-'*/, &+, &+ /,-*&+'& '&+*&+ &+ /=&+', =+, /+*/*+& F,+=-H'*/, ,, & ',- ,+&, >=& =&, @'&+&& =+ *& /+ -, , /,-*, *@-&. C+*F=*&+ /+ &' &&,-- & =+, &7/-, ,*,, ,, = *-&&+',/*+ &+ &/& & /+'=//*+ & -, /,, & ,=, & =+ ,*&+' /+/&@* ,, -, /+*/*+& &*F&+'& & '?/. E- '* & F,+=-&'6, & -, &7/-, ,-'*/, , & &+/=&+', &?+* & ,+&, &*,. S& ',@,<, /+ =+ ,F&F, /+ =+ /+'&+* &-&, & ,&+,. E,'&*,- >=& & &-&, &+ &*& & &7/-, &' &?+* , ,'* & =+ ',*7 & . A /+'*+=,/*+ & &&+', -, &-,/*+ F,+=-H'*/, &- '* & ,F&F, *-&&+', ,, &- *& & &7/-, TAIZ (3K4) N 4 N 40 N 200
M AGREGAD OS 24 2 43 $
&*,+'& *&&+'& =&@, & -,@,'* &@& &'&*+,& ,, &- &&/'* *& & -, &7/-, && &&/6?/ &- /&&+' ,-'*/ <=+' /+ &- & - ,F&F,. A /+'*+=,/*+ & &&+', -, &-,/*+ & & &&/6?/
GRAVEDADES ES#ECÍPICAS (G) 103 ASPALTO 28 AGREGADOS L, &,,/*+ & =&', & =+ /&**&+' &&+/*,- &+ &/& & *& & &7/-, ,-'*/,. &*,+'& H', & &'=*, &- /',*&+' & &7/-, &,,, , *&&+'& /&+',<& &+ & & ,'&*,@*'=*+. E- @<&'* & ,+,-*7, @,< >=H /&+',<& & @'*&+& =+, , /,-*, & &7/-,. #,, &- /& & &,,/*+ & =&', & &7/-, & &@& '&+& &+ /=&+', - /&+',<& & ,,-' /+ - /=,-& & &,,+ -, *,. C+ @,& &+ H' '&+*&+ &+ /=&+', -, *+,/*+ ,+'&*&+'& &-,/*+,, & -, *'*@=/*+ F,+=-H'*/, & - ,F&F, & &,--, =+ /& & /-/=- /+ &- >=& & &'&*+, -, *?/,/*+ & ,F&F, <=+' /+ &- & & ,'&*,- ,-'*/ >=& &@&+ *-&&+',& &+ -, /+/&/*+ & -, =&',. S& &,,+ '& &<&-,& &
=&', /,, /&+',<& & ,,-'. E- /& & *& & &7/-, /+'&-, - *F=*&+'& /&+',<& & ,,-' 5M 5.5M $M $.5M M .5M. E- & & /,, =&', &@& & & 1200F. D& ,+&, >=& =&& &,--,& - /-/=- &&/'* ,, &'&*+, -, /*+& & - *&&+'& ,'&*,-& &+ /,, =&',. A /+'*+=,/*+ & &&+', =+, &-,/*+ >=& =&', - &&/'* ,+-** & *?/,/*+ & ,'&*,- &+ =+/*+ & - /&+',<& & ,,-' &&?+*
C & &+/*+,@, /+ ,+'&**, & /&& , =/* '& &<&-,& & =&', /,, =+, & -, *?/,/*+& &'&*+,, &FJ+ - /&+',<& & ,,-' &&?+*. C+ */:, =&@, & &'&*+,+ G & @*>=&', & & @*>=&', & =&F* & &&/6?/ & =&', -, /+*/*+& & &',@*-*, =<. &*,+'& -, ,+'&*& *&,& &'&*+,, -,@,'* & *@-& @'&+& -, & /,,/'&6'*/, & -, =&', &*,+'& -, /=,-& & *@-& &,--, =+ /& ,+,-6'*/ >=& &*', @'&+& -, /+*/*+& & *& &'&+*,.
#,, /,-/=-, &- & &&/6?/ * '&*/ & /&& & -, *F=*&+'& ,+&, Gs
100 máximo
=
en pesoag en pesoasf + Gs Gs agregados
asfaltos
E- -=&+ & -, =&', =&& /,-/=-,& &*,+'& &- & &- G &* &'&*+, &+ -,@,'*. #,, &-- & /&& &*,+'& &- *F=*&+'& ,+-** Gs=
&@,F & &/*& &- /-/=- &- -=&+ & =&', &*,+'& &'& H' , >=& + & &-,/*+,+ ,' ,*/*+,-& +&/&,* ,, *-&&+', =+ /& *&&+'&. E- -=&+ /&+'=,- & ,,-' &&+'& &+ -, =&', =&& &'&*+,& &*,+'& &/&+',<& &+ & &- ,,-' &+' & -, *, & ',- ,+&, >=& & '*&+& Vol .asf .=
γ m γ ω
D+& γ m
#& =+*',* =&',
γ ω
#& =+*',* ,F=,
Gs=
γ m γ ω
= γ m =
W m ∀m
D& >=& ∀ m=
W m
G s asfalto
D& ,+&, ,+-F, ,- /& & /-/=- &- /&+',<& &+ -=&+ & ,,-' &&+'& &+ -, =&', =&& @'&+&& &- &&/'* ,- ,, - ,F&F, Vol .ag .=
C &- & =+*',* &- ,F=, & 1FK/3. S& '*&+&
%peso asf .∗Gs medido
%peso agreg.∗Gs medido Gs agregados
D& ,+&, >=& '&+*&+ - ,+'&*& /&+',<& & -=&+ &- &&/'* ,- /&+'=,- & -=&+ &&&+', &+ &,/* ,/6 =&& &&,& / Vol .V =100 −( Vol. asf + Vol.ag )
Gs
D+& G & &- & &&/6?/ &* &+ -,@,'* ,, /,, =&',. #=&& &'&*+,& &-=&+ & /,, =&', &*,+'& ,* H'. O', , & :,/&- 6, & &*,+'& &- & =&F* *-&&+',+ &/& & ,,?+,. S*+
#=&& &'&*+,& ,& &&&/'* /&+',<& & ,/6 &&+'& &+ - ,F&F, *+&,-& & ,+&, **-, Vol .( VMA )=100− Vol. ag
D&+' & - /&**&+' &,--, &+ &- -,@,'* ,,
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
ANÁLISIS #ORCENTA"E Ó#TIO DE ASPALTOS (1) M ASPALTOS 5
#ESO UNITARIO (FK/3) 23$9
&'*/' /+ - ,&' & -, +,. # ',- ,7+ / -, @*>=&', ,6,+ &+ = /*+& 6*/, &*'&+ ,/'& & /&//*+ & ,' & &',@*-*, &+ =+/*+ & -, *&+*+& & =+, =&', /+ &?+ & -F, =+, &',+,*7,/*+ >=& &*', :,/& &&<,+'& - &=-', @'&+* &+ -, *&&+'& =&',. A-*/,+ - ,/'& & /&//*+ &+/*+, & @'*&+&+ -, &&/'*, &*, & &',@*-*, ,<=',, - ,/'& + /&/,+ , 1 * -, =&', & ,&&<, &+ *&+*+& , -, &*, &',+,*7,,. A-*/,+ - &&/'* /-/=- & @'*&+&+ - *F=*&+'& &=-', (A+& 1)
55 $ $5 5 #ORCENTA"E Ó#TIO (1)
24103333 33 2424 2425 2411$$$$ $ 2399 $50M
C =+, &7/-, ,-'*/, '*&+& &<& /,,/'&6'*/, & &',@*-*, * &&+', /+*/*+& '*, & &+*?/,/*+ &/&+',<& '* & ,,-' N 1 & ,>=&- /+ &- /=,- & -F, =+, &7/-, ,-'*/, /+ , & =+*',*. ANÁLISIS #ORCENTA"E Ó#TIO DE ASPALTOS (2) M ESTABILID ASPALTOS AD (-@) 5 340224 431$$03 55 333 $ 399454 3385903 $5 333 288583 333 5 29581 #ORCENT A"E 550M Ó#TIO (2)
&*'&+/*, &&&+', &- /&+',<& '* N 2. ANÁLISIS #ORCENTA"E Ó#TIO DE ASPALTOS (3) M PLU"O ASPALTOS (001#) 5 129 55 15 $ 14 $5 193 221 5 253 #ORCENT A"E 5M Ó#TIO (3)
U+, &7/-, ,-'*/, *&& &@& /+*&, =+ /&+',<& & =<. T&+*&+ &+ /=&+', -, &&/*?/,/*+& &-,/*+,, ,&-,+'& - *&,- &6, F,,+'*7, =+, &7/-, /+ ,-& & =< >=& &'H+ &+' &- ,+F ,, '?/ &,. E- *& & =+, &7/-, ,-'*/, &@& & &,--, *+'&+',+ /+&F=* -, &<& /+*/*+& & &',@*-*,. E+ && &+ & *&, ,>=&- /&+',<& & ,,-' >=& -F, , , -, &7/-, -, &-&,, /,,/'&6'*/, &
ANÁLISIS #ORCENTA"E Ó#TIO DE ASPALTOS (4)
M ASPALTOS M VACIOS 5449$40 5 29 51952952 55 2 391021 $ 22 313$3501 $5 43 2931948 08 20811$ 5 1 #ORCENTA "E Ó#TIO $M (4)
$5 5 #ORCENT A"E Ó#TIO (5)
00 183829 3$ 1932194 244 20115 82 $M
L ,+F /&+'=,-& & -=&+ & ,/6 &&+'& &+ ,F&F, *+&,-& & &+/=&+',+ &&/*?/, ,&-,+'&. U+, &7/-, ,-'*/, &@& '&+& =+ /*&' /&+',<& & ,/6 >=& F,,+'*/& =+ +*&- & &*@*-*, ,, -, *,. L, &&/*?/,/*+& ',, ,&-,+'& &&+',+ - &&/'* ,+F /&+'=,-& & ,/6. ANÁLISIS #ORCENTA"E Ó#TIO DE ASPALTOS (5) M VACIOS M ASPALTOS AGREGAD OS VA 5 55 $
190449$ 403 180$$00 19 180341
L, &< ,+&, & &?+* &/&+',<& '* & /&&+' ,-'*/ ,, -, &7/-, & @'&+*&+ =+ ,- &&&+','* & ' - /&+',<& '* :,--, ,, /,, 6'&. D& >=& &*,+'& =+ &* & @'*&+& &- >=& 6, & */: /&+',<&. #ORCENT A"E Ó#TIO DE ASPALTOS EN EZCLA ASPÁLTICA
580M
E- /&+',<& & *& &+/+', 6, + /=-* &&+'=,-&+'& /+ ,-F=+, & -, &&/*?/,/*+& 'H/+*/, &',@-&/*, &FJ+ &- = >=& <='*?>=& =+ &'&*+, *& & &7/-,. # ',- ,7+ &=-', /+&+*&+'& ,+,-*7, & ,+&, *+'=*'*, &- /',*&+' & =+, &7/-, ,-'*/, &-,@,, @,< -, /+*/*+& & *& &',@-&/*, &- &,-- &&&+'& /&**&+'. A /+'*+=,/*+ & &-,/*+,+ -, &&/'*, &&/*?/,/*+& & *& ES#ECIPICACIONES ESTABILIDAD TRAPICO ESTABILIDAD (-@) #&, 1500 &* 1000 L**,+ 1000 ES#ECIPICACIONES PLU"O TRAPICO PLU"O (001#) #&, 8%1$ &* 8%18 L**,+ 8%20 ES#ECIPICACIONES M VACÍOS TI#O EZCLAS M VACIOS DENSAS 35 ABIERTAS 38 ES#ECIPICACIONES (VA) VA TAA!O AW. ES#ECIPICADO (M) 1 13 14 X 15 N 4 18 N 8 21 N 1$ 23
ANÁLISIS DE LOS RESULTADOS #,, &-&//*+, -, =&', & ,,-' &&,, - &/* <=&F,+ =+ ,&- ',/&+&+',- ,6 * & @=/, >=& & /=-, ,'*,/'*,&+'& + &/& +* &&/' - &>=&**&+' &',@-&/*. •
VA
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
,,-' =/& =+, H*, & /+',/' /*+, =+ &F,'& &+ -, &, & /+',/'. E+ &=&+ & &/F& =+ ,- '* & ,,-' >=& + & &+/=&+'& @& &- -, *7>=*& &@* , >=& -, &7/-, &+ &'& ,+F =&-& & = &/, /+ ,-' /&+',<& & ,/6 /,=,+ &F&F,/*+ +* = , -, &&/:, +& & =&&+ /,=, &,/*+& &,+&+'& = /',*&+' -'*/. # ',+' & &/F& =+ ,- /&+',>=& -& F,,+'*/& &*@*-*, ,,,-' >=& &&+'& @=&+ ,F-='*+,*&+' &+'& ,'&*,- ,F&F, >=& &, ,+&<,@-& *+ & ',+ =* >=& = &,/*+& + &,+ &,+&+'& , ,-', /,/',/*+ (T?/ #&,).
•
M V,/6
L, &'&*+,/*+ & - ,+F & ,/6 & ,*& & &- +*&- &&, &=H & ,* , & '+*' +& & =+& >=& -, /,/',/*+ &,-*7,, &+ -,@,'* -& ,-*/, , -, @*>=&', -, &,+, & '?/ >=& H', &&*&+', &+ /,. #,, &-&F* =+ /&+',<& '* & ,,-' @,, &+ &- M & ,/6 & &@& '&+& &+ /=&+', &+ &-&F* =+ ,' &* ($M) + & /+&+*&+'& &-&F* =+ /&+',<& ,-&& &- 3M &+ +& & &&, >=& &- ,*&+' /+ &, &7/-, &&+'& ,:=&--,*&+'
&@* ,- '?/ ,6 * * &/&+',<& &' &+/*, &- 8M & &&, >=& &- ,*&+' &, >=&@,*7 /+ ,F*&',*&+' &,'= ,--, &@* , -, ,'*F,. •
E',@*-*,
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•
P-=<
E- =< & =+, @*>=&', &' &-,/*+, /+ -, &',@*-*, & -, *, &+ +& &- =< *& -, **+=/*+ &- *&' &'*/,- & -, =&', ,- ,-*/&-& /*&', /,F,. =&', /+ @,< ,-& & =&+/*, ,-& ,-' & &',@*-*, =&-&+ '&+& =+ /',*&+' F*- 6F* &+ +& '&+& =+, =&+/*, ,-', --&F, , /+*&&-& &+ &', -'*/ &+ +& '*&+&+ , &,& @,< /,F, &&'*,. # ',+' & &-*F* =+ M & ,,-' & ,/=& , -, /,F, >=& ', &- ,*&+' /&+*&+'& , =+ '?/ &, +& &- &-&F* =& =+ /&+',<& &- 5M. •
#& E&/6?/
U+, & -, =+/*+& & &* && &&/6?/ &- ,,-' & &'&*+, - ,/6 &+ -, &7/-, ,-'*/, ,, ,*&+' /,/', &+ +& & &/F& =+ ,- '* & ,/=& ,&-*/, &+ M & ,/6 &+ +& & +&/&*', =+ ,- &* & $.5. •
#/&+',<& '*
R&&/' ,- & =+*',* / =&& ,&/*,& * @*&+ + &*'&+ =+, &&/*?/,/*+& ,, */:, *&, ',@*H+ & /*&' >=& - /+&+*&+'& & =+, &7/-, /,,7 & /+&F=* -, &<& /,,/'&6'*/, & &+*?/,/*+. S&FJ+ - &=-', & *& =+, &7/-, /+ &- $50M & ,,-' -F, -, &< &+*?/,/*+. U+
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
,-'*/, & &@& '&+& &+ /=&+', -, *&,& & - ,F&F, &+ , &*, &- /',*&+' &- ,'&*,- @*'=*+ , >=& &@* , = '&&,'=,
& ,@-,+,*&+' (*&&+'& ,, /,, ,,-') =&& &&+',& &+ , &*-*, */, ,&+' & -, &7/-, & &', ,+&, ',+&*6, &', *&,& ,- ,'&*,- ?+,F&+&,+ ,6 @,<, /,-*, & -, &7/-, * & ',@,<, &+ ,@*&+'& & ,-', '&&,'=,. L, /,/',/*+ & -, &7/-,
<=&F, =+ ,&= *',+'& &+ -, =,@*-*, &*'&+/*, &+ =+, @, *+ &@,F & =+ ,/' = *6/*- & *=-, &=/* &+ /+*/*+& &,-& , >=& + & =&&+ &,-*7, &+, /+ F,+& -J&+& & ,'&*,- & *+/-= & *&&+ ,*,@-& >=& /+*/*+,+ &/',*&+' &+ /, >=& + **@-& & F&+&, &+ &- -,@,'*. D&@*
, - /,@* '*/ & '&&,'=, -, *'*@=/*+ + =+*& & -, /,F, & =&&+ F&+&, &+ =/: /, &,/*+& ,--, &+ &,'&*,- &'& '* & &/&+,@-& &,-*7, &7/-, >=& &*',+ ', /+*/*+& =&'& & /,F, '&&,'=, >=& -, -*/*',,.
BIBLIOGRAPÍA
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RESISTENCIA DE EZCLAS ASPÁLTICAS EN CALIENTE E#LEANDO EL A#ARATO ARS;ALLI.N.V. E 48 0 D*& & &7/-, ,:,--. :''KK/,',*+,.=-,.K=Y-Y ,K',-&K/=&+'K-*/K/,/&& YY/,K/,*'=-4. :''KKQQQ.*'.K,/:*K# =@-*/,/*+&K#=@-*/,/*+T&/+* /,K'24$.