UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ FACULTAD FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA INGE NIERÍA QUÍMICA ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL
QUÍMICA ORGÁNICA
ELABORACI-N DE AMBIENTADOR DESINFECTANTE CON FRAGANCIA FRAGA NCIA A LAVANDA LAVANDA
Presentado a ING. INGA DIAZ, ABEL
Rea!"#ado $or CHAVEZ PAUCAR, José HUARANCCA MEZA, Samana RU!!I RICAPA, G"s#$a %ACHACHIN MARCELO, &'s($a
III se%estre &UANCA'O(PERÚ )*+,
ELABORACI-N DE AMBIENTADOR DESINFECTANTE CON FRAGANCIA A LAVANDA
I.
INTRODUCCI-N
Sa)"#n*o $o "m+o'an# (# #s $a $"m+"#-a #n o*o $(a' / #n o*o mom#no, #s# "n0o'm# 1onsa *# $a #$a)o'a1"2n *# (n am)"#na*o' *#s"n0#1an#, s# 1ons"*#'2 0a)'"1a' (n +'o*(1o (# s"'3a a$ +4)$"1o /, *# +aso, *ona'$# a$ $a)o'ao'"o *# (5m"1a o'6n"1a *# $a 7.I.Q. (na m(#s'a *# #s#. S# ("#'# 'a)a8a' 1on #s# +'o*(1o /a (# 1omo s# sa)# #s ("$"-a*o 1on m(19a 0'#1(#n1"a #n 1asas, a+a'am#nos, n#o1"os, #*"0"1"os, #1. % #s *# 'an "m+o'an1"a #n $as $a)o'#s *# $a $"m+"#-a, *#)"*o a s( a11"2n *#s"n0#1an# a/(*a a man#n#' +"sos / )a:os $"m+"os, '#$(1"#n#s / 1on (n a'a*a)$# a'oma 'a1"as a (n o(# *# am)"#na*o'. Esa #;+#'"#n1"a 3a a *#8a' m(19os 1ono1"m"#nos #n #$ 1am+o $a)o'a$, #n $o (# 1on1"#'n# a #s(*"os *#n'o *# (n $a)o'ao'"o, a*#m6s *# a+'#n*#' a 'a)a8a' #n #("+o / am)"én a *#sa''o$$a' (n 'an s#n"*o *# $a '#s+onsa)"$"*a* /a (# #s# "n0o'm# n#1#s"a *# (n 'an 1om+'om"so / *#*"1a1"2n. A(n(# #s# 'a)a8o s# ("#'# 9a1#' 1on 0"n#s 1onos1")$#s, a1a*ém"1os / ("$"a'"sas, am)"én s# ("#'# 9a1#' 1on $a 0"na$"*a* *# +'#sa' (n s#'3"1"o (# )'"n*# (n )"#n a $a 1om(n"*a* #n #n#'a$.
II.
OB/ETIVOS
).+ OB/ETIVO GENERAL •
E$a)o'a' (n +'o*(1o (# #na $as 1a'a1#'5s"1as *# (n *#s"n0#1an# am)"#na*o' 1on 0'aan1"a a $a3an*a / $$#n# $as #;+#1a"3as +a'a (# +(#*a #n#' (n (so *omés"1o /
).) OB/ETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS •
•
•
Cono1#' $os 1om+on#n#s / $os (sos *# $as s(san1"as +a'a 0a)'"1a' (n *#s"n0#1an# am)"#na*o' 1on 0'aan1"a a $a3an*a. A+$"1a' $os 1ono1"m"#nos a*("'"*os #n $os #s(*"os '#a$"-a*os +a'a +o*#' *#sa''o$$a' (n )(#n 'a)a8o. O)#n#' (n +'o*(1o (# #na 1a'a1#'5s"1as *# (n *#s"n0#1an# am)"#na*o' 1on 0'aan1"a a $a3an*a.
+. A%0"entadores !123"dos
III.
ANTECENDENTES
MA!ERIA PRIMA= a(a >?@ 1.1. 1o$o' an"$"na 3##a$ 'amos 0'aan1"a @ 1.1. ED!A 1.1. +'o+"$#n $"1o$ ?@ 1.1. a'Fo+a$ 1.1. a$1o9o$ #5$"1o @@ 1.1. 1(ma'"na 2 0"8a*o' a; .? 'amos PROCEDIMIEN!O= En (n '#1"+"#n# +$6s"1o *# @ $"'os 1o$o1amos $os >?@ 1.1. *# a(a, a$ 1(a$ $# a'#amos $os @@ 1.1. *# A$1o9o$ E5$"1o, '#3o$3#mos )"#n 1on $a 1(19a'a *# +a$o, am)"én $# a'#amos $os ?@ 1.1. *# P'o+"$#n G$"1o$. Esos #$#m#nos $os +o*#mos m#*"' 1on $a +'o)#a *# $"'o o m#*"o $"'o, / s#("mos '#3o$3"#n*o m(/ )"#n. L(#o a'#amos (n 'amo *# an"$"na / $os 1.1. *# E*a Es# #$#m#no $os +o*#mos m#*"' 1on $a +'o)#a *# @ 1.1., / s#("mos '#3o$3"#n*o m(/ )"#n. En o'o '#1"+"#n# +$6s"1o *# ?@@ 1.1., 1o$o1amos $os @ 1.1. *# 0'aan1"a, $# a*"1"onamos $os 1.1. *# A'Fo+a$ / $os .? 'amos *# C(ma'"na. Los $5("*os +(#*#n s#' m#*"*os 1on $a +'o)#a *# @ 1.1. La C(ma'"na *#)# s#' +'#3"am#n# mo$"*a #n #$ mo'#'o +a'a a0"na' #$ ama:o *#$ 1'"sa$. E$ 1on#n"*o *#$ s#(n*o '#1"+"#n# s# 3"#'# #n #$ +'"m#'o, / '#3o$3#mos )"#n o*o 1on $a 1(19a'a *# +a$o / #m+a1amos 1on $a a/(*a *#$ #m)(*o. R#1om#n*a1"on#s= Pa'a $a +'#+a'a1"2n *#$ am)"#na*o' $5("*o s# '#("#'# *os '#1"+"#n#s, #n (n +'"m#' '#1"+"#n# 9a1#' $a +'"m#'a m#-1$a a(a, A$1o9o$ #5$"1o, P'o+"$#n $"1o$, an"$"na / #$ E*a #n o'o '#1"+"#n# s# m#-1$an 1on8(nam#n# $a 0'aan1"a, $a C(ma'"na 2 0"8a*o' A / #$ a'Fo+a$ / +os#'"o'm#n# s# 8(nan $as *os m#-1$as. A$1o9o$ #5$"1o, #s (n )a1#'"1"*a )asan# 0(#'# / *#s"n0#1an#. E$ A'Fo+a$, s( 0(n1"2n #s#n1"a$ #s $a *# *"so$3#' $a 0'aan1"a son a1#"osas P'#1a(1"on#s= !#na +'#s#n# (# #s6 'a)a8an*o 1on $5("*os a$am#n# "n0$ama)$#s.
). E!a0ora4"5n de 3n a%0"entador des"n6e4tante Ma#'"a$#s=
A(a K. a+'o;. CMC "nsan6n#o @. B#n-oao *# so*"o @. P'o+"$#n$"1o$ @. Non"$ 0#no$
P'o1#*"m"#no= D#s+(és *# 1ons#("' $os "n'#*"#n#s +a'a #$a)o'a' #$ *#s"n0#1an# am)"#na*o', s# *"s+(so #non1#s a #$a)o'a' #$ +'o*(1o #n #$ $a)o'ao'"o s"("#n*o #$ s"("#n# +'o1#*"m"#no #na #n 1(#na (# $a 1an"*a* (# *#)# a'#a' a 1a*a +'o*(1o *#)# s#' #("3a$#n# a $os +o'1#na8#s *# $os 1(a$#s $#s 9a)$amos an#'"o'm#n# +a'a $a 1an"*a* *# *#s"n0#1an# (# *#s#a o)#n#'=P'"m#'o s# *#)# +'#s#'3a' #$ a(a +a'a $o 1(a$ s# $# *#)# a'#a' (n +'#s#'3a"3o )#n-oao *# so*"o, $(#o *# #so s# $# 3an a'#an*o $as s(san1"as (5m"1as #n #$ s"("#n# o'*#n a$ "#m+o (# s# 3an '#3o$3"#n*o s(a3# / 1onsan#m#n# 1oa($an# CMC "nsan6n#o +a'a *a'$# #s+#so' a$ +'o*(1o, s# m#-1$a a$'#*#*o' *# ? a @ m"n(os $(#o s# $# a*"1"ona #$ +'o+"$#n$"1o$ / s# 1on"n(a $a m#-1$a a'#6n*o$# #$ *#s"n0#1an# 9(m#1an# non"$0#no$ / +o' 4$"mo #$ 1o$o'an#. M#-1$# )"#n 9asa o)#n#' (n 1o$o' *#$ +'o*(1o (n"0o'm# / $(#o a*"1"on# $a 0'aan1"a, #$ $a('"$ é#' / +o' 4$"mo #$ P.E.G. 0"8a*o' *# 0'aan1"a, 1on"n4# '#3o$3"#n*o $#nam#n# 9asa (# no# (# #$ +'o*(1o #s6 /a 0o'ma*o / 1on (na #;('a 1ons"s#n#. Con1$(s"on#s= Lo'a' (n )(#n *#sa''o$$o *#$ +'o*(1o s"("#n*o o*os $os +asos a 1a)a$"*a*, 1om+'o)a' (# 1(m+$#n 1on o*as $as 1a'a1#'5s"1as *# *"19a so$(1"2n / +o*#' *a'$# 3#'*a*#'a ("$"*a* a$ +'o*(1o *# n(#s'o #;+#'"m#no
IV.
MARCO TE-RICO
7.+ 8Q39 es 3n a%0"entador des"n6e4tante: Los *#s"n0#1an#s son +'#+a'a1"on#s 1on +'o+"#*a*#s #'m"1"*as / )a1#'"1"*as, #s *#1"', (# #$"m"nan m"1'oo'an"smos +a2#nos .Los *#s"n0#1an#s *#)#n s( a11"2n a $os "n'#*"#n#s a1"3os (# 1on"#n#n. En'# $os +'"n1"+a$#s #n#mos= E$ 0#no$, a1#"#, a$1o9o$ "so+'o+5$"1o, #1. Los "n'#*"#n#s a1"3os son 1om+$#m#na*os 1on #m($s"onan#s / o'os "n'#*"#n#s "n#'#s 1omo #$ a(a, 1o$o'an#s, 0"8a*o'#s, #1.
7.) 8Q39 4r"ter"os de0e 43%$!"r 3n a%0"entador des"n6e4tante: Pa'a (# (na so$(1"2n s#a (n $"m+"a*o' *#s"n0#1an# *#)# 1(m+$"' $o s"("#n#= D#)#n #n#' (na )(#na 1on1#n'a1"2n *# "n'#*"#n#s a1"3os $o 1(a$ a'an"-a'6 s( #0#1"3"*a* / +o*#' '#s"*(a$. S" son *#s"n0#1an#s +a'a am)"#n#s *omés"1os *#)#n *# #n#' (n a'oma a'a*a)$#, +a'a $o 1(a$ s# $# +(#*#n a*"1"ona' #s#n1"as a'om6"1as, $as 1(a$#s no a$#'an #n a)so$(o #$ +o*#' *#$ "n'#*"#n# a1"3o. No *#)#n 1on#n#' s(san1"as 2;"1as +a'a #$ o'an"smo 9(mano o +a'a an"ma$#s m#no'#s, #so ("#'# *#1"', (# a$ a+$"1a's# #$ +'o*(1o #s# no 1onam"n#.
7.7 8Q39 s3stan4"as 4o%$onen 3n a%0"entador des"n6e4tante: (
A;3a Nom)'# 1om4n (# s# a+$"1a a$ #sa*o $5("*o *#$ 1om+(#so *# 9"*'2#no / o;5#no HO. E$ (5m"1o #sa*o(n"*#ns# Ha'o$* C$a/on U'#/ *#s1()'"2 #n K $a
+'#s#n1"a #n #$ a(a *# (na +#(#:a 1an"*a* +a'# +o'.@@@ *# $o (# s# *#nom"na a(a +#sa*a ( 2;"*o *# *#(#'"o DO #$ *#(#'"o #s #$ "s2o+o *#$ 9"*'2#no 1on masa a2m"1a . En K? #$ (5m"1o #sa*o(n"*#ns# A'"s"* G'oss# *#s1()'"2 (# #$ a(a #;"s#n# #n $a na('a$#-a 1on"#n# am)"én 1an"*a*#s m5n"mas *# 2;"*o *# '""o !O #$ '""o #s #$ "s2o+o *#$ 9"*'2#no 1on masa a2m"1a . -
CMC S(san1"a (# s# ("$"-a +a'a *a'$# ma/o' 3"s1os"*a* a$ a(a. Los #nso a1"3os *#)"*o a $a #s'(1('a +o$a'a+o$a' *# s( mo$é1($a +'#s#nan #s# 0#n2m#no / *"sm"n(/#n $a #ns"2n s(+#'0"1"a$ *#$ a(a #n 1on1#n'a1"on#s +o' *#)a8o *# $a 1on1#n'a1"2n #n $a (# #$ #nso a1"3o 9a 1()"#'o $a oa$"*a* *# $a s(+#'0"1"#. Po' #n1"ma *# #sa 1on1#n'a1"2n $as mo$é1($as *#$ #nso a1"3o s# *"'"#n 9a1"a a$ "n#'"o' *#$ $5("*o 0o'man*o a'#a*os *# mo$é1($as s#n1"$$as *# #nso a1"3os '#s($an*o (na #s'(1('a 1on (na o'"#na1"2n #s+#150"1a *# a$o +#so mo$#1($a' a +a'"' *# $a 1(a$ s# o)s#'3an 1am)"os )'(s1os #n $as +'o+"#*a*#s 0"s"1o(5m"1as 1omo #n s( 1on*(1"3"*a*, +'#s"2n osm2"1a, (')"*#-, #ns"2n s(+#'0"1"a$. A #sa 1on1#n'a1"2n a $a 1(a$ s# *a #s# 1am)"o s# $# $$ama 1on1#n'a1"2n m"1#$a' 1'5"1a CMC.
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Ben#oato de sod"o !am)"én )#n-oao *# sosa, sa$ *#$ 61"*o )#n-o"1o, )$an1o, 1'"sa$"no o 'an($a*o, *# 02'm($a CH?COONa. Es so$()$# #n a(a / $"#'am#n# so$()$# #n a$1o9o$. La sa$ #s an"sé+"1a / s# (sa #n#'a$m#n# +a'a 1ons#'3a' $os a$"m#nos. En 1an"*a*#s #$#3a*as #s 2;"1a. S# ("$"-a #n m#*"1"na +a'a #;am"na' #$ 0(n1"onam"#no *#$ 95a*o.
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Pro$"!en;!"4o! Cono1"*o am)"én +o' #$ nom)'# s"s#m6"1o +'o+ano,*"o$, #s (n 1om+(#so o'6n"1o (n *"o$ a$1o9o$, (s(a$m#n# "ns5+"*o, "no*o'o, # "n1o$o'o $5("*o a1#"oso 1$a'o, 9"'os12+"1o / m"s1")$# 1on a(a, a1#ona, / 1$o'o0o'mo. S# man(0a1('a +o' 9"*'aa1"2n *#$ +'o+"$#no 2;"*o *# +'o+"$#no. S"'3# 1omo 9(m#1an# +a'a #$ +'o*(1o.
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Fra;an4"a !"#n#n s( o'"#n #n $a 0o'ma1"2n *# +#(#:as 1an"*a*#s *# a1#"#s 3o$6"$#s +o' a$#'a1"2n *# $os a1#"#s #s#n1"a$#s 1on#n"*os #n $as +a'#s *# $a ma#'"a 3"3a 1omo #$ *# $a $a3an*a.
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La3an*a La $a3an*a #s (na 9"#')a. La 0$o' / #$ a1#"# *# $a $a3an*a s# ("$"-an +a'a $as m#*"1"nas. La $a3an*a s# ("$"-a +a'a $a "n("#(*, #$ "nsomn"o, #$ n#'3"os"smo / $a *#+'#s"2n. !am)"én s# ("$"-a +a'a (na 3a'"#*a* *# 'aso'nos *"#s"3os 1omo #$ m##o'"smo 9"n19a-2n a)*om"na$ *#)"*o a $a +'#s#n1"a *# as #n $a 1a3"*a* +#'"on#a$ o "n#s"na$, $a +é'*"*a *# a+#"o, $os 32m"os, $as n6(s#as, $os as#s "n#s"na$#s 0$a($#n1"a / +a'a #$ ma$#sa' #soma1a$. A$(nas +#'sonas (san $a $a3an*a +a'a
a0#11"on#s *o$o'osas 1omo $as m"'a:as, $os *o$o'#s *# m(#$as, $os #s("n1#s, #$ *o$o' *# $os n#'3"os, $as $$aas / #$ *o$o' #n $as a'"1($a1"on#s. !am)"én s# (sa +a'a #$ a1né / #$ 16n1#' / +a'a +'omo3#' $a m#ns'(a1"2n. La $a3an*a s# a+$"1a a $a +"#$ +a'a $a +é'*"*a *# 1a)#$$o, +a'a #$ *o$o' / +a'a '#+#$#' $os mos("os / o'os "ns#1os. A$(nas +#'sonas a'#an $a3an*a a$ a(a *# )a:o +a'a 'aa' $os 'aso'nos *# $a 1"'1($a1"2n / m#8o'a' #$ )"#n#sa' m#na$. Po' "n9a$a1"2n, $a $a3an*a s# ("$"-a 1omo a'oma#'a+"a +a'a #$ "nsomn"o, #$ *o$o' / $a a"a1"2n '#$a1"ona*a 1on $a *#m#n1"a. En $os a$"m#nos / )#)"*as, $a $a3an*a s# (sa 1omo (n 1om+on#n# *# sa)o'. En $a "n*(s'"a man(0a1('#'a, $a $a3an*a s# ("$"-a #n +'o*(1os 0a'ma1é("1os / 1omo (n "n'#*"#n# *# 0'aan1"a #n $os 8a)on#s, 1osmé"1os, +#'0(m#s, +o+(''5 / *#1o'a1"on#s.
Co%$os"4"5n 231%"4a de! a4e"te esen4"a! de !a
F"=ador de 6ra;an4"a >43%ar"na? S(san1"a (# s"'3# +a'a +'o$ona' m6s "#m+o #$ o$o' *# (na s(san1"a #n +a'"1($a', ("$"-a*o 1on ma/o' 0'#1(#n1"a #n $a "n*(s'"a *# $a +#'0(m#'5a.
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Co!orante S(san1"a (# #s 1a+a- *# #:"' $as 0")'as 3##a$#s / an"ma$#s. Los 1o$o'an#s s# 9an (sa*o *#s*# $os "#m+os m6s '#moos, #m+$#6n*os# +a'a #$$o *"3#'sas ma#'"as +'o1#*#n#s *# 3##a$#s 14'1(ma, 5n*"o na('a$, #1. / *# an"ma$#s 1o19"n"$$a, mo$(s1os, #1.As5 1omo *"s"nos m"n#'a$#s. En (5m"1a, s# $$ama 1o$o'an# a $a s(san1"a 1o$o'"*a (sa*a #n "n1"on#s +a'a '#sa$a' *"0#'#n#s m"1'oo'an"smos.
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La3r"! 9ter D#+#n*"#n*o *# s( 1on1#n'a1"2n, 3a'5a *#s*# (n $5("*o ama'"$$#no 9asa (na +asa. Es# +'o*(1o +'#s#na (na noa)$# "ns#ns")"$"*a* 0'#n# a $os #n*('#1#*o'#s *#$ a(a # "n1$(so a )a8as #m+#'a('as #s 1a+a- *# *#sa''o$$a' o*o s( +o*#' #s+(man#. S( a$a 1om+a")"$"*a* 1on $a +"#$ / s( 1a+a1"*a* 9(m#1an# / #m($s"onan#, 9a1#n (# s#a (na *# $as ma#'"as +'"mas m6s (sa*as #n 1osmé"1a. A #sas +'o+"#*a*#s 9a/ (# s(ma'$# s( $"#'o o$o' (# +#'m"# (# s#a +#'0(ma*o s"n n"n4n +'o)$#ma. En 1(ano a s( 1o$o'a1"2n, s" s# +'#s#na #n 0o'ma *# +asa #s $#3#m#n# (')"o, +#'o (na 3#- *"$("*o oma (n as+#1o 1$a'o m6s o m#nos 'ans+a'#n# s#4n #$ 'a*o *# "m+('#-as #so +#'m"# (# am)"én s#a 061"$m#n# 1o$o'#a*o. S# s(#$# 1om)"na' 1on a$1ano am"*as *# 61"*os 'asos +a'a so)'# #n'asa' / #s+#sa' #$ +'o*(1o. Una man#'a *# a(m#na' $a 3"s1os"*a* *# #sos 1om+(#sos #s m#*"an# $a a*"1"2n *# sa$ 1om4n 1$o'('o s2*"1o E$ $a('"$ é#' s($0ao s2*"1o s# +(#*# m#-1$a' 1on (n 'an n4m#'o *# s(san1"as *##'#n#s, #n 1(a$("#' +'o+o'1"2n, / am)"én 1on o'os +'"n1"+"os a1"3os / a*""3os #s+#1"a$#s. E$ $a('"$ é#' s($0ao s2*"1o #s (na #;1#$#n# s(san1"a +a'a $a +'#+a'a1"2n *# 19am+4s / #$#s *# )a:o. D#)"*o a $a
'an 1a$"*a* *##'#n# / *# $"m+"#-a s# +(#*# #m+$#a' #n #$ 'amo (5m"1o é1n"1o +a'a $a #$a)o'a1"2n *# a#n# #n8(aas# / *# $"m+"#-a *# $5("*os.
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Ar@o$a! >non"!6eno!? Es (na m#-1$a 'a*o é1n"1o *# 0#no$#s mono a$(5$"1os, +'#*om"nan#m#n# +a'a s(s"("*os. Las 1a*#nas *# $os $a*os, son 'amas *# 'a*"1a$#s "somé'"1os a$(5$"1os. S# (sa #n $a 0a)'"1a1"2n *# s('0a1an#s, '#s"nas, +$as"0"1an#s, a*""3os / $()'"1an#s *# a1#"#. S"'3# 1omo *#s"n0#1an# / *"s(#$3# a1#"#s.
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A!4oo! et1!"4o E$ 1om+(#so (5m"1o #ano$, 1ono1"*o 1omo a$1o9o$ #5$"1o, #s (n a$1o9o$ (# s# +'#s#na #n 1on*"1"on#s no'ma$#s *# +'#s"2n / #m+#'a('a 1omo (n $5("*o "n1o$o'o # "n0$ama)$# 1on (n +(no *# #)($$"1"2n *# >, C. M#-1$a)$# 1on a(a #n 1(a$("#' +'o+o'1"2n a $a 1on1#n'a1"2n *# K? #n +#so s# 0o'ma (na m#-1$a a-#o'2+"1a. S( 02'm($a (5m"1a #s CHCHOH CHO, E$ #ano$ s# ("$"-a am+$"am#n# #n m(19os s#1o'#s "n*(s'"a$#s / #n #$ s#1o' 0a'ma1é("1o, 1omo #;1"+"#n# *# a$(nos m#*"1am#nos / 1osmé"1os #s #$ 1aso *#$ a$1o9o$ an"sé+"1o >@ GL / #n $a #$a)o'a1"2n *# am)"#na*o'#s / +#'0(m#s.
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EDTA E$ 61"*o #"$#n*"am"no#'aa1é"1o, am)"én *#nom"na*o ED!A o 1on m#no' 0'#1(#n1"a AED!, #s (na s(san1"a ("$"-a*a 1omo a#n# (#$an# (# +(#*# 1'#a' 1om+$#8os 1on (n m#a$ (# #na (na #s'(1('a *# 1oo'*"na1"2n o1aé*'"1a. Coo'*"na a m#a$#s +#sa*os *# 0o'ma '#3#'s")$# +o' 1(a'o +os"1"on#s a1#ao / *os am"no, $o (# $o 1on3"#'# #n (n $"an*o 9#;a*#na*o, / #$ m6s "m+o'an# *# $os $"an*o (#$aos. E$ ED!A / s(s *#'"3a*os "#n#n $a 3a$"osa +'o+"#*a* (5m"1a *# 1om)"na's# 1on "on#s m#6$"1os +o$"3a$#n#s #n so$(1"2n +a'a 0o'ma' 1om+$#8os 1oo'*"na*os 151$"1os no "2n"1os, so$()$#s #n a(a / 3"'(a$m#n# no *"so1"a)$#s. A #sos 1om+$#8os s# $#s 1ono1# 1omo (#$aos. Es #$ #sa)"$"-an# *#$ +'o*(1o.
7., 8Por 239 es "%$ortante 3n des"n6e4tante a%0"entador: Un $a $"m+"#-a / #s *# 'an a/(*a +a'a man#n#' (n #no'no $"m+"o. En #s# 1aso *"19o *#s"n0#1an# #s (n $"m+"a*o' *# +"sos #$ 1(a$ s#'3"'6 +a'a *#s"n0#1a' $os +"sos *# é'm#n#s / )a1#'"as (# #n é$ s# +(#*an #n1on'a' 1om)a"én*o$as 1on 'an #0"1a1"a 1a*a 3#- (# s# ("$"1# .P#'o 9a/ (# #n#' #n 1(#na (# #sas s(san1"as, a*#m6s *# )#n#0"1"a'nos, am)"én +(#*#n o1as"ona' *a:os "n#'nos s" no s# (sa a*#1(a*am#n# /a (# s(s 1om+on#n#s +(#*#n '#s($a' m(/ 2;"1os +a'a #$ o'an"smo, +'o*(1"#n*o "''"a1"on#s, "n0#11"on#s, a$#'"as, #1. As5 (# +a'a s( 2+"ma #0"1"#n1"a *#)# man#8a's# a*#1(a*am#n# +o' +#'sonas (# s#+an ("$"-a'$o / man#n#'$os #n $(a'#s s#('os $")'# *#$ a$1an1# *# $os n":os (# +(#*#n o$#'$o o "n#'"'$o / as5 +'#3#n"' s"(a1"on#s a*3#'sas / +'o*(1"' "n0#11"on#s (# +(#*an o1as"ona' +'o)$#mas a s( o'an"smo.
V.
METODOLOGÍA
V.+ METODOLOGIA EPERIMENTAL Ma#'"a$#s=
3aso *# +'#1"+"a1"2n *# @@@ mL 3asos *# +'#1"+"a1"2n *# ?@mL +"+#a @mL +'o +"+#a +'o)#a 3a'"$$a mo'#'o *# +o'1#$ana
In'#*"#n#s=
a(a ?@ mL CMC "nsan6n#o B#n-oao *# so*"o P'o+"$#n$"1o$ ?@mL Non"$ 0#no$
V.) PROCEDIMIENTO EPERIMENTAL •
•
•
En #$ 3aso *# +'#1"+"a1"2n *# L 1o$o1amos $os ?@mL *# a(a, a$ 1(a$ $# a'#amos $os ?@mL *# A$1o9o$ E5$"1o, '#3o$3#mos )"#n 1on $a 3a'"$$a, am)"én $# a'#amos $os ?@mL *# P'o+"$#n G$"1o$ / $os mL *# E*a '#3o$3"#n*o m(/ )"#n. En o'o 3aso 1o$o1amos $os @mL *# 0'aan1"a La3an*a, $# a*"1"onamos $os mL *# A'Fo+a$ / $os .? 'amos *# C(ma'"na, #sa *#)# s#' +'#3"am#n# mo$"*a #n #$ mo'#'o +a'a a0"na' #$ ama:o *#$ 1'"sa$. E$ 1on#n"*o *#$ s#(n*o '#1"+"#n# s# 3"#'# #n #$ +'"m#'o, / '#3o$3#mos )"#n o*o 1on $a 3a'"$$a / $$#namos #n $os '#s+#1"3os '#1"+"#n#s.
VI.
CONCLUSIONES
S# $o'2 #$a)o'a' (n +'o*(1o 1on $as 1a'a1#'5s"1as *# (n am)"#na*o' *#s"n0#1an# 1on 0'aan1"a a $a3an*a. S# $$#2 a 1ono1#' $os 1om+on#n#s +a'a 0a)'"1a' (n am)"#na*o'. A+$"1amos $os 1ono1"m"#nos a*("'"*os, +a'a *#sa''o$$a' (n )(#n 'a)a8o.
VII. •
•
RECOMENDACIONES
A$1o9o$ #5$"1o, #s (n )a1#'"1"*a )asan# 0(#'# / *#s"n0#1an#. E$ A'Fo+a$, s( 0(n1"2n #s#n1"a$ #s $a *# *"so$3#' $a 0'aan1"a son a1#"osas= !#na +'#s#n# (# #s6 'a)a8an*o 1on $5("*os a$am#n# "n0$ama)$#s. M#*"' $os 1om+on#n#s $a 1an"*a* #;a1a n#1#sa'"a.
VIII.
REFERENCIA BIBLIOGRAFICA
tt$.o3t30e.4o%at4:<*RB0'osSH tt$es."@"$ed"a.or;"@"A%0"entador
ANEOS
