informe-5-química general UNMSM

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INGENIERÍA TEXTIL Y CONFECCIONES QUÍMICA GENERAL

FACUL ACU LTAD DE INGENIER INGENIERIA IA INDUSTR INDU STRIAL IAL E.A.P ING. TEXTIL Y CONFECCIONES UNMSM

LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA GENERAL

GRUPO: N° GRUPO: N° 3

DIA: DIA:

HORA: 10:00 HORA: 10:00 a.m.

N° PRÁCTICA: PRÁCTICA: 5 NOMBRE DE PRACTICA: PRACTICA: DETERMINACION DETERMINACION DE LA MASA EQUIVALENTE PROFESORA: ISABEL RAMIREZ FECHA DE ENTREGA: ENTREGA: 02/0/1! 02/0/1!

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ÍNDICE Intr!"##$%n&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..& P'(.) O*+,t$-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& P'(./ Pr$n#$0$ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&..P'(.1

t,%r$#.&&&..

M2t,r$23, 4 r,2#t$-&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& P'(.5 Pr#,!$6$,nt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.P' (.7 D$#"$%n !, 3 r,"3t2!&&&&&&..&&&&&&&&& P'(.8 Cn#3"$n,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.P' (.99 C",t$n2r$&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&.P' (.9 B$*3$(r2;<2&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& P2(97

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INTRODUCCION La maa ()&a-(,%( ( ), 4(# (%,'a$ '( +#m"&,a+&, )( 4($m&%( '(%($m&,a$ -a +a4a+&'a' '( +#m"&,a+&, '( -a maa '( '&6($(,%( (-(m(,%# )*m&+#. a$a 4#'($ '(%($m&,a$ -a maa ()&a-(,%( ( %#ma +#m# $(6($(,+&a -# &)&(,%(7 +#m#: -a +a,%&'a' (, 4(# '( ),a )%a,+&a )( ( -&"($a. La maa ()&a-(,%( ( 4)('( '(%($m&,a$ '( 6#$ma (84($&m(,%a- 9 4)('( ($ 4#$:  D(%($m&,a+&, '&$(+%a.  M%#'# a,a-*%&+#.  #$ '(4-a;am&(,%# '(- a)a. a$a '(%($m&,a$ -a maa ()&a-(,%( '(- ma,(&# ( )%&-&;a$a -a %+,&+a '( '(4-a;am&(,%# '(- a)a.

OB=ETI>OS La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a-

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•

•


D(%($m&,a$ (- 4(# ()&a-(,%( '( -# (-(m(,%#7 +#m4)(%# ( &#,( (, -a '&($a $(a++&#,( )*m&+a. E,%(,'($ -a &m4#$%a,+&a '( -a -(9 '(- ()&a-(,%( )*m&+# +#m# <($$am&(,%a '( +-+)-# (%()&#m%$&+#.

PRINCIPIOS TEORICOS M22 2t%6$#2: %am"&, +#,#+&'# +#m# 4(# a%m&+# ( -a maa '( ), %#m#7 (, ),&'a'( '( maa a%m&+a =)ma>.

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Un$!2! !, 622 2t%6$#2 ?"62@: S( '(?,( +#m# ),a maa (8a+%am(,%( &)a- a ), '#+(a# '( -a maa '( ), %#m# '( +a$"#,#@12. A- ?a$ -a maa '(- +a$"#,#@12 +#m# 12 )ma ( %&(,( (- %#m# )( ( )%&-&;a +#m# $(6($(,+&a 4a$a m('&$ -a maa '( -# '(m (-(m(,%#.

N6,r !, A-(2!r: E- 63 ( -a +a,%&'a' '( ),a )%a,+&a )( +#,%&(,( %a,%a (,%&'a'( (-(m(,%a-( +#m# %#m# . E- a-#$ +#m,m(,%( a+(4%a'# (: 23

N A =6.022137 × 10

M22 632r ?

´ M

@: S( '(?,( +#m# -a maa (, $am# #

(, &-#$am# '( ), m#- '( ),&'a'( =+#m# %#m# # m#-+)-a> '( ),a )%a,+&a. ´= M

cantidad de masa N ° de moles

 P, ,"$-23,nt,: S( '(?,( (,($a-m(,%( +#m# (,($a-m(,%( +#m# -a maa m#-a$ '( ),a )%a,+&a )( ( '&&'( 4#$ (- ,m($# '( (-(+%$#,( %$a,6($&'# 4#$ '&+
masa molar N ° de electronestranferidos / mol

MATERIALES Y REACTI>OS M2t,r$23,: La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a-

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 Ba-a,;a  T)"# '( (,a9#  &,;a  $#"(%a '( 50# mL  C#,(+%#$ '( &'$&#  E4%)-a  T($mm(%$#  Ba-,  1 )(# '( %a4#,( B&<#$a'a'#7 ma,)($a 9 +#,(8&#,(

R,2#t$-:  C- 175M  M (, &$)%a

PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL  (a$ (8a+%am(,%( +#, '# +&6$a '(+&ma-( ),a m)(%$a '( -&ma')$a M  C#-#+a$ (, ), %)"# '( 4$)("a 1 mL '( CL.

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 L-(,a$ (- "a-, +#, a)a 9 +#-#+a$ (- %a4, '( ("( "&<#$a'a'# +#,(+%a'# a ), 6$a+# '#,'( ( $(+#a (, a)a '(a-#a'a.  L-(,a$ -a +#,(8&, +#, a)a #4-a,'# 4#$ (- #%$# (8%$(m# (,%$( (- 6$a+# 9 (- $(+&4&(,%(. C&($$( +#, ),a 4&,;a (, (8%$(m# '( -a ma,)($a )( a a- 6$a+# ,# '("( )('a$ ")$")a a- a&$(.  A$(a$ a- %)"# '( 4$)("a -a m)(%$a 4(a'a 9 %a4a$ &,m('&a%am(,%( +#-#+a,'# (- %a4,. D("( (%a$ <($m%&+am(,%( +($$a'#

 S#-%a$ -a +#,(8&, ?,a- 4a$a )( ( '(4-a+( (- a)a.

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 A- ?,a- '( -a $(a++&,7 m('&$ (- #-)m(, '( a)a '(a-#a'a. L)(# m('&$ -a %(m4($a%)$a '(- a)a '("a-, 4a$a '(%($m&,a$ ) 4$(&, '( a4#$.

CÁLCULOS P, !,3 M(

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T,60,r2t"r2 !,3 2("2 ,n ,3 *23%n Pr,$%n !,3 -20r !, 2("2 Pr,$%n *2r6tr$#2 Pr,$%n !, (2 ,# >3"6,n !, H  -3"6,n !, 2("2 !,23+2!2 Pr,$%n 2 C.N P T,60,r2t"r2 2 C.N T >3"6,n !, H 2 C.N. >?PP@?TT@>

)°C  85  9.9 66H( 715 66H( 7)/.8 97.7 6L 75 66H( °C  7)  ./) 6L

CÁLCULO DE LA MASA EQUI>ALENTE Sa"(m# )( -a maa ()&a-(,%( '( ), m(%a- ( -a maa '( (%( +a4a; '( (,($a$ 1700  '( <&'$(,#  11720F L '( 2 a C.N. T7 +#, )?+&(,%( +a,%&'a' '( +&'#. T(,(m# -a (+)a+&,: M => J2C- =a+> @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ MC-2 =a+> J 2 => 0.20

0.!3mL

K 1120FmL K H 5212.5 =4(# ()&a-(,%(>

J DE ERROR RELATI>O E- a-#$ %($&+# '(- M H12715

JErrr

( valor teórico valor experimental )

 La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a-

−

valor teorico

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J,rrr


12.15

−5212.5

5212.5

9JK88.75 J

=E- $()-%a'# ( ,(a%&# 4#$)( (- a-#$ (84($&m(,%a- (% (, (8+(# $(4(+%# '(- a-#$ %($&+#7 4#$ (,'( ( ma9#$>.

CONCLUSIONES La maa ()&a-(,%( '(4(,'( '( ma9#$m(,%( '( -a a-(,+&a7 9 (%a a$&a '(- %&4# '( +#m4)(%# )*m&+#. La maa ()&a-(,%( ,# 4#(( '&m(,&#,( =# ma,&%)'> 4#$ (--# ( )( ( ) (- %$m&,# '( ()&a-(,%( $am#. La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a- &,a 10

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E- +#m4#$%am&(,%# '( a &'(a- ( --(a a +a"# (, &%(ma +($$a'# '#,'( ,# &,%($a+%( +#, (- a&$( '((8%($&#$. La 4$)("a '(- a <m('# ( 'a 4a$a a( a4#-a$( ma9#$m(,%(7 4)( (%# ,# &,%($a+%a, +#, (- a)a.

CUESTIONARIO 9.KE03$#2r 4 !,t,r6$n2r 32 6,( 4 ,3 N !, ,( !, 9. ( !,: a> C- .@ U,a m#- '( +&'# +-#$<*'$&+# 4$#')+( ),a m#- '( &#,( <&'$(,# )( ()&a-( a ), ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- +&'# +-#$<*'$&+# (: M( => H =3.5 /m#->/ =1(/m#-> H 3.5 /E => N E => H =10>/ =3.5 /E =>> H 0.2F E => "> NaO .@ U,a m#- '( <&'$8&'# '( #'&# 4$#')+( ),a m#- '( &#,( <&'$#8&-# )( ()&a-( a ), ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- <&'$8&'# '( #'&# (: M( H =!0/m#->/ =1 (/m#-> H !0 /(

La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a- &,a 11

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N ( H =10>/ =!0 /(>H 0.25 ( +> NaC-.@ U,a m#- '( +-#$)$# '( #'&# 4$#')+( ),a m#- '( &#,( '( #'&# )( ()&a-( a ), ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- +-#$)$# '( #'&# (: M( H =5.5/m#->/=1 (/m#-> H 5.5 /( N ( H =10>/ =5.5 /(>H 0.1F ( '>CaC-2 .@ U,a m#- '( +-#$)$# '( +a-+&# 4$#')+( '# m#-( '( &#,( +a-+&# )( ()&a-( a '# ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- +-#$)$# '( +a-+&# (: M( H =110/m#->/ =2 (/m#-> H 55 /( N ( H =10>/ =55 /(>H 0.1 ( (>2SO! a =SO!>@ .@ U,a m#- '( +&'# )-6$&+# 4$#')+( ),a m#- '( a,&, )-6a%# )( ()&a-( a ), ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- +&'# )-6$&+# (: M( H =/m#->/ =1 (/m#-> H  /E => N ( H =10>/=  /(>H 0.10 E=> 6>2SO! a =SO!>2@ .@ U,a m#- '( +&'# )-6$&+# 4$#')+( '# m#-( '( )-6a%# )( ()&a-( a '# ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- +&'# )-6$&+# (: M( H = /m#->/ =2 (/m#-> H ! /(

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N ( H =10>/ =! /(>H 0.20 ( > 2O a 2 .@ U,a m#- '( a)a 4$#')+( '# m#-( '( <&'$#(,# )( ()&a-( a '# ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(a)a (: M( H =1 /m#->/ =2 (/m#-> H  /( N ( H =10>/ = /(>H 1.1 ( <>2O a O2 .@ U,a m#- '( 4$#')+( +)a%$# m#-( '( &#,( #8&(,# )( ()&a-( a +)a%$# ()&a-(,%( $am#7 (,%#,+( -a maa ()&a-(,%( $am# '(- a)a (: M( H =1 /m#->/ =! (/m#-> H !.5 /( N ( H =10>/ =!75 /(>H 2722 (

.K E03$#2r 0r", ,n 32 ,0,r$,n#$2 ,3 -3"6,n !,3 $!r%(,n ,# , 3 6$6 ", ,3 -3"6,n !,3 (2 $!r(,n 6,! , $("23 ", ,3 -3"6,n !,3 2("2 !,0322!2: E, $(a-&'a' -# #-m(,( #, '&6($(,%(7 4($# 4a$a ?,( (84($&m(,%a-( ( (- m&m#. La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a- &,a 13

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E, -a $(a++&,: C- JZ,

Z,C-J2

E- <&'$#(,# -&"($a'# ( '(4-a;a a %$a '( -a ma,)($a a- ma%$a;7 (%( a ) (; (84)-a ), +&($%# #-)m(, '( a)a '("&'# a -a 4$(&, )( (($+( (- a <&'$#(,# #"$( (- a)a7 &(,'# (%( &)a- a- #-)m(, '(<&'$#(,# -&"($a'#.

).KD,6tr2r 0r", 32 0r,$%n 6,!$!2 !,3 (2 $!r(,n 6,! , 624r ", 32 0r,$%n !,3 (2 $!r(,n ,#: A 4a$%( '( %(,($ -a 4$(&, '(- a (+#7 ( %&(,( (- a4#$ '( a)a )( %&(,( ),a 4$(&, m)9 a-%a 4#$ )%a,+&a7 +)a,'# (-  2 (+# &,$(a a- "a-, 9 '(4-a;a a- a)a ( +#,&($%( (,  2 <m('#7 '( %a- ma,($a +#,&'($(m# -a -(9 '( Da-%#, '( -a 4$(&#,( 4a$+&a-( -a +)a- ,# '&+( )( -a 4$(&, %#%a- ( -a )ma '( -a 4$(&#,( '( +a'a +#m4#,(,%( +#m# & (%)&($a #-#7 (,%#,+( -a $(-a+&, (: PRESION (2 $!r%(,n 6,!  PRESION H  ,#  PRESION -20r !, 2("2

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#$ -# %a,%# -a maa ()&a-(,%( '(- ,&%$a%# '( 4#%a&# (: M(H

(101 g ) (8 g )

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5@ S$ /.( !, O  ,# #"02 .L 2 CNPT. Q" -3"6,n #"02r<2 $ ,t' 6,! 2 )°C 4 2 32 0r,$%n !, 71 66H( S"0n,r ", ,3 O , (2 ", t$,n, #60rt26$,nt $!,23: 4 gO 2 2.8 L

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BIBLIOGRAFÍA

La"#$a%#$&# '( Q)*m&+a G(,($a- &,a 1

m#-

informe-5-química general UNMSM

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