' Giplc Mn}cvipbcgc
g þ b n n } f i p t m p c h c f b ` b j i p T „ p i f c } n M , i v b } S „ m p ` l m b n b F m f 5 ' m u C r 6 = 6 i { b p m } s c @ , 2 2 2 > c h h b ~ c N ( G M G B ( g þ b n c { b h c l p i G m f i g c b p i v c } n M i v } v b v ~ g B
' , BH]LBGCNBIG GCV]PCH FM MFBEBNBI^' PMS]B^BVI^'
BGMG 3 3=0 32:6,4=
3' I@KMVI 3'3 M~vc giplc m~vc`hmnm hc~ fb~ti~bnbigm~ amgmpchm~ r pms}b~bvi~ tcpc hc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch mg ububmgfc~( m~n}mhc~( iebnbgc~ r ji~tbvchm~( fmvmplbgcgfi hi~ uchipm~ lìgbli~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg r ~} cthbncnbþg mg hc tpãnvbnc'
0' VMPLBGIHIABC VMPLBGIHIABC 0'3 Cnbl}v *Ц' M~ mh ãga}hi jipb{igvch mg hc fbpmnnbþg fmh abpi fm hc~ ca}kc~ fmh pmhik( mgvpm mh gipvm r hc tpirmnnbþg fmh ~ih' Mg ivpc~ ivpc~ tchc`pc~( m~ mh ãga}hi s}m eiplc mh thcgi umpvbnch s}m tc~c tip mh ~ih r mh thc, gi umpvbnch fmh lmpbfbcgi nippm~tigfbmgvm ch i`~mpucfip i`~mpucfip *ump eba}pc 3'
0'0 Chv}pc *κ ' M~ mh ãga}hi fm bgnhbgcnbþg fmh ~ih nig pmhcnbþg ch thcgi jipb{igvch' M~vm ãga}hi m~ lcrip n}cgfi mh ~ih m~vã mg mh nm gbv *ump eba}pc 3'
EBA]PC 3' Cga}hi~ fm ti~bnbþg fmh ~ih nig pmhcnbþg ch i`~mpucfip'
*Nigvbgûc"
,3,
32:>,3=:
,
0'> H}lbgcgnbc fm }g nbmhi nhcpi' M~ mh apcfi fm h}lbgcgnbc fm hc `þumfc nmhm~vm nig pmhcnbþg c hc chvbv}f fmh ~ih( n}cgfi mh nbmhi m~vã nhcpi' Hc fb~vpb`}nbþg fm hc h}lbgi~bfcf fm hc `þumfc nmhm~vm gi m~ }gbeiplm( mh jipb{igvm vbmgm lã~ bgvmg~bfcf h}lbgi~c s}m mh nmgbv r hc h}lbgi~bfcf c }gc chvbv}f κ mg }gc {igc chm, kcfc fmh ~ih m~ m~tmnbebncfc nig ni g hc mztpm~bþg;
@ κ < @{ Ni~mn κ ^bmgfi; κ
<
~m jchhc mgvpm 3=´ r 24´(
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nig~vcgvm n}cgfi κ ~m jchhc mgvpm 4´ c 3=´( r
@{
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bgvmg~bfcf h}lbgi~c fmh nmgbv'
0'6 Ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch *EHG"' M~ hc lmfbfc fm hc bh}lbgcnbþg vivch fm h}{ gcv}pch ~i`pm }g t}gvi mg }g thcgi fcfi( mztpm~cfi nili pmhcnbþg i tipnmgvckm? fbnji t}gvi( }`bncfi mg }g thcgi jipb{igvch( m~vã mzt}m~vi c hc `þumfc nmhm~vm r pmnb`m bh}lbgcnbþg ~bl}hvãgmc( fm`bfi c hc h}lbgcgnbc fm }g nbmhi nhcpi( mznh}rmgfi hc h}{ ~ihcp fbpmnvc'
0'= Cpmc fm h}{ gcv}pch' M~ hc pmhcnbþg mgvpm mh ãpmc ~}tmpebnbch bh}lbgcfc ~i`pm mh thcgi fm vpc`cki r }g ecnvip niltigmgvm fm nbnhi m~tmnbebncfi? m~vi m~( ch ãpmc fmgvpi fmh nigvipgi ctpitbcfi i tmpvbgmgvm' Mh ãpmc ~}tmpebnbch bh}lbgcfc gi t}mfm ~mp lmgip ch ecnvip niltigmgvm fm nbmhi' n bmhi'
0'5 Tmgmvpcnbþg fm h}{ gcv}pch' M~ hc lãzblc fb~vcgnbc c hc n}ch tmgmvpc }g niltigmgvm fm nbmhi mg }g hinch'
0'1 T}gvi~ Gipvm r ^}p' ^ig hi~ t}gvi~ mg hc~ pm~tmnvbuc~ fbpmnnbigm~ figfm mh lmpbfbcgi nipvc ch jipb, {igvm'
0': Fb~vcgnbc' M~ hc lmfbfc jipb{igvch fm hc c`mpv}pc fm }gc umgvcgc *ump givc 3'
>' LMVIFI^ FM FMVMPLBGCNBIG >'3 Ecnvipm~ s}m cemnvcg hc ub~bþg' >'3'3 Hc ub~vc' >'3'3'3 M~vã pma}hcfc tpbgnbtchlmgvm tip hc~ fbempmgnbc~ fm `pbhhcgvm{ r nihip fm hi~ i`kmvi~ ub~vi~' ^ig tpmempb`hm~ `}mgi~ nigvpc~vm~ fm nihip r `pbhhcgvm{( m~tmnbchlmgvm mg mh nclti ub~}ch nmgvpch' Nigvpc~vm~ mznm~bui~ i pmhcnbigm~ mzvmpbipm~ fm `pbhhcgvm{ vbmgfmg c fb~lbg}bp hc cvmgnbþg'
GIVC 3' Hc~ fmebgbnbigm~ lã~ }~cfc~ mg m~vm nclti ~m m~tmnbebncg m g hc Giplc BGMG 3 3=4'
*Nigvbgûc"
,0,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
>'3'3'0 Mh npbvmpbi tcpc }gc bh}lbgcnbþg cnmpvcfc( s}m tpitipnbigm }gc ub~bþg þtvblc mg nilifbfcf r meb, ncnbc( nig~b~vm mg lcgvmgmp mh nclti ub~}ch nmgvpch lã~ h}lbgi~i s}m mh nclti ub~}ch amgmpch( nig }g lc, rip nigvpc~vm'
>'3'0 Fm~h}l`pclbmgvi' >'3'0'3 Mh memnvi fm fm~h}l`pclbmgvi ~m tpif}nm fm`bfi c }g nigvpc~vm mznm~bui i ubihmgvi r ncl`bi~ hcp, ai~ mg hc h}lbgcgnbc' N}cgfi ~m tpm~mgvc mh fm~h}l`pclbmgvi ~m pmf}nm hc mebnbmgnbc fm hc ub~vc r gi ~m tmpnb`mg hi~ tms}mói~ fmvchhm~'
>'3'0'0 Mh fm~h}l`pclbmgvi t}mfm ~mp; c fbpmnvi( fm`bfi c e}mgvm~ fm h}{ fmgvpi fmh nclti ub~}ch? ` pmehmkcfi( fm`bfi c pme hmki~ fm e}mgvm~ fm h}{ i ~}tmpebnbm~ fm h}lbgcgnbc mznm~buc? r( n umhcfi( figfm mh nclti ub~}ch ub~ }ch tmpbeâpbni m~ niltcpcvbuclmgvm l}r h}lbgi~i'
>'3'0'> Mkmlthi fm fm~h}l`pclbmgvi mg h}{ gcv}pch m~ hc ub~vc fm }g nbnhi h}lbgi~i c vpcuâ~ fm }gc umg, vcgc( n}cgfi ~} tcpmf nbpn}gfcgvm m~ fâ`bhlmgvm bh}lbgcfc fm nihipm~ i`~n}pi~' Mg m~vm nc~i( mh fm~h}l, `pclbmgvi t}mfm fb~lbg}bp~m tpivmabmgfi mh nbmhi mzt}m~vi c hc ub~bþg fbpmnvc tip lmfbi fm pmkbhhc~ i nip, vbgc~( i c}lmgvcgfi hc fb~vcgnbc fmh lcpni fm hc umgvcgc c hc tcpvm mzvmpbip fm hc tcpmf( c~ì nili tip bh}, lbgcnbþg np}{cfc s}m nbpn}gfm hc tcpmf c }g gbumh ms}btcpc`hm'
>'3'0'6 ]gc vpcg~bnbþg apcf}ch fm h}lbgcgnbc fm }g gbumh c ivpi( fmgvpi fmh nclti ub~}ch( ~bmltpm mubvc i fb~lbg}rm hc bgnilifbfcf s}m tpif}nm mh fm~h}l`pclbmgvi'
>'3'> E}mgvm~ fm h}{ gcv}pch ' >'3'>'3 Hc tpbgnbtch e}mgvm fm h}{ gcv}pch m~ mh ~ih' Hc vbmppc pmnb`m h}{ ~ihcp fm fi~ eiplc~; bh}lbgcnbþg ~ihcp fbpmnvc r pcfbcnbþg fm hc `þumfc nmhm~vm' Tcpc tpitþ~bvi~ fm m~vc giplc( ~m nig~bfmpc ûgbnclmgvm hc pcfbcnbþg fm hc `þumfc nmhm~vm'
>'3'>'0 Hc ncgvbfcf fm pcfbcnbþg h}lbgi~c fm hc `þumfc nmhm~vm fmtmgfm tpbgnbtchlmgvm fm hc ti~bnbþg fmh ~ih( fmebgbfc tip ~} chvbv}f r s}m ucpìc nig pmhcnbþg c hc hcvbv}f fmh h}acp( mh fìc fmh cói r jipc fmh fìc *ump Vc`hc 3'
VC@HC 3' Chvbv}f ~ihcp tcpc hcvbv}fm~ fmh Mn}cfip *Tcpc ivpc~ hcvbv}fm~ ~m t}mfmg bgvmptihcp i vilcp hi~ uchipm~ fm hc chvbv}f ~ihcp lã~ nmpncgc"'
Jipc~ fmh fìc
00 fm k}gbi 41j44 42j44 30j44 3=j44 31j44
03 fm lcp{i( 06 fm ~mtvbml`pm
41j44 42j44 30j44 3=j44 31j44
00 fm fbnbml`pm 41j44 42j44 30j44 3=j44 31j44
Hcvbv}f 44
35
63
51
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66
24
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13 *Nigvbgûc"
,>,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
>'3'>'> Hc bh}lbgcnbþg jipb{igvch fb~tigb`hm mg mh mzvmpbip( s}m t}mfm tpmump~m nig ebgm~ fm fb~mói r nãhn}hi mg mh tcì~( t}mfm vilcp~m mg : 444 h}z *ump givc 0' ^m t}mfm nig~bfmpcp s}m m~vc bh}lbgcnbþg mz, vmpbip ~m `c~c mg hc ti~bnbþg fmh ~ih fm 3=´ fm chvbv}f( s}m m~ nig~vcgvm tcpc vifi mh tcì~' ^bg ml`cpai( hc tpm~mgnbc fm g}`m~ cvli~eâpbnc~( s}m ucpìc fm }g h}acp c ivpi( t}mfm bgnpmlmgvcp jc~vc mg }g 0=- mh uc, hip fm : 444 h}z( ~bmltpm s}m hc~ nigfbnbigm~ pmbgcgvm~ fm g}`m~ tpmuchm{ncg f}pcgvm mh vbmlti fm }g nbm, hi nhcpi'
>'3'6 Ecnvipm~ amgmpchm~ fm h}{ gcv}pch ' >'3'6'3 Hc bgvmg~bfcf fm h}{ gcv}pch mg n}chs}bmp t}gvi fmh bgvmpbip fm }g hinch m~vã ~}kmvc c epmn}mgvm~ r ~mumpc~ ucpbcnbigm~? tmpi( ~bg ml`cpai( m~ gmnm~cpbi m~vc`hmnmp }gc lmgip i lcrip pmhcnbþg nig~vcgvm c hc bgvmg~bfcf h}lbgi~c mzvmpgc ~bl}hvãgmc( n}cgfi mh nbmhi m ~vã nhcpi i n}`bmpvi'
>'3'6'0 ^m fm`m mztpm~cp hc bgvmg~bfcf h}lbgi~c bgvmpbip fm }g hinch( hinch( nili }gc pmhcnbþg i tipnmgvckm fm hc bgvmg~bfcf h}lbgi~c ~bl}hvãgmc mg }g thcgi jipb{igvch c }g t}gvi mzvmpbip( mzt}m~vi c hc `þumfc nm, hm~vm' Hc h}{ ~ihcp fbpmnvc m~ ~bmltpm fm~ncpvcfc tcpc cl`i~ uchipm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg( vcgvi bgvmpbip nili mzvmpbip'
>'3'6'> Mh ecnvip fm bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch( nili ~m hi fm~npb`m( m~ bgfmtmgfbmgvm fm hc nhcpbfcf c`~ih}vc fmh nbmhi( tmpi m~vã ~}kmvi c hc fb~vpb`}nbþg mg ~} ~}tmpebnbm'
>'3'6'6 Hc fb~vpb`}nbþg ~}tmpebnbch fm hc nhcpbfcf mg hc `þumfc nmhm~vm ucpìc nig hc~ nigfbnbigm~ fmh nbmhi' Jcr apcgfm~ ucpbcnbigm~ mg hc fb~vpb`}nbþg fm hc bh}lbgcnbþg mg hc `þumfc nmhm~vm' Gi mzb~vm }gc fb~vpb`}, nbþg nig~vcgvm( rc s}m jcr }g c}lmgvi amgmpch fm fb~tigb`bhbfcf fm h}{ gcv}pch( lbmgvpc~ mh ~ih uc jcnbc hc~ finm fmh fìc'
>'3'6'= Hc~ pmabigm~ fmh nbmhi it}m~vc~ c hc ti~bnbþg fmh ~ih vbmgmg( tip hi amgmpch( lmgi~ bh}lbgcnbþg r nig~ba}bmgvm( tpiummp hc~ `c~m~ tcpc mh fb~mói( mh s}m fm`m `c~cp~m mg }g nbmhi nhcpi( nig mh ~ih t}mfmg( tip nig~ba}bmgvm
c }gc chvbv}f fm 3= apcfi~'
>'3'6'5 Hc pmabþg fmh nbmhi fbpmnvclmgvm it}m~vc ch ~ih ~mpã vilcfc nili "fb~mói , nbmhi" tcpc umgvcgc~ fm h}{ hcvmpch r hc nippm~tigfbmgvm bh}lbgcnbþg fmh nbmhi ~mpã niginbfc nili ‘Bh}lbgcnbþg fm fb~mói mzvmpbip" tcpc fmvmplbgcp hi~ niltigmgvm~ fmh nbmhi bgvmpbip'
>'3'= Niltigmgvm fmh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch' bgvmpbip >'3'='3 Mh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch *EHG m~ hc lmfbfc fm vifc hc h}{ gcv}pch pmnb`bfc tip }g t}gvi bgvmpbip fm pmempmgnbc' H}{ mgubcfc tip hc~ ~ba}bmgvm~ e}mgvm~;
GIVC 0' Tip echvc fm fcvi~ mg mh tcì~ mg m~vm nclti r jc~vc s}m ~m fb~tigac fm uchipm~ lã~ pmchm~( ~m jcg vilcfi uchipm~ fm pmempmgnbc fm ivpi~ tcì~m~ cgãhiai~ ch g}m~vpi'
*Nigvbgûc"
,6,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
c
fmh nbmhi ub~b`hm fbpmnvi fm~fm mh t}gvi?
`
fm ~}tmpebnbm~ ~}tmpebnbm~ mzvmpgc~ s}m pmehmkcg h}{ gcv}pch gcv}pch fbpmnvclmgvm ch t}gvi? r(
n
fm ~}tmpebnbm~ ~}tmpebnbm~ bgvmpgc~ bgvmpgc~ s}m pmehmkcg m bgvmp,pmehmkcg h}{ h}{ gcv}pch gcv}pch ch t}gvi'
>'3'='0 Ncfc }gi fm hi~ vpm~ niltigmgvm~( n}cgfi ~mcg mztpm~cfi~ nili pmhcnbþg i tipnmgvckm fm hc bh}, lbgcnbþg mzvmpgc ~bl}hvãgmc mg mh thcgi jipb{igvch( fmebgm pm~tmnvbuclmgvm mh niltigmgvm niltigmgvm fm nbmhi *N^( mh niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg mzvmpgc *NPM r mh niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc *NPB'
>'3'='> Mh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch( vilcfi mg mh thcgi fm vpc`cki fm }g hinch( m~ amgmpchlmgvm jipb{igvch? ~bg ml`cpai( fm`mpã vcl`bâg nig~bfmpcp~m mh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch tcpc thcgi~ umpvbnchm~ m bgnh}~bum tcpc thcgi~ bgnhbgcfi~( mg nc~i~ m~tmnbchm~( nili; h}{ m g tb{cppigm~( n}cfpi~ r tbgv}pc~ mg tcpmfm~' tc pmfm~'
>'3'='6 Mh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch m~ hc ~}lc fm hi~ niltigmgvm~ bgfbubf}chm~ N^( NPM r NPB( fmvmplbgcfi~ ~mtcpcfclmgvm'
>'3'5 Niltigmgvm fm nbmhi *N^"' >'3'5'3 Mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi tcpc n}chs}bmp vclcói fm umgvcgc ~m nchn}hc }~cgfi hc vc`hc nippm~tig, fbmgvm fmh Cgmzi C( ~i`pm hc~ hìgmc~ bgfbncfc~ mg hi~ mkmlthi~ fmh Cgmzi @'
>'3'5'0 Hi~ uchipm~ i`vmgbfi~ mg hc~ vc`hc~ ~ig tcpc umgvcgc~ c`bmpvc~ r gi ubfpbcfc~( ~bg i`~vp}nnbigm~ mzvmpgc~' M~vi~ uchipm~ fm`mg nippmabp~m n}cgfi hc umgvcgc vbmgm `cppc~( ubfpbi } ivpc~ i`~vp}nnbigm~ mz, vmpgc~'
>'3'5'> Hc~ nippmnnbigm~ tcpc `cppc~ fm umgvcgc~ ~m jcpãg l}hvbthbncgfi hi~ uchipm~ i`vmgbfi~ mg hc~ vc, `hc~ tip }g ecnvip ba}ch ba }ch ch pcfbi fm hc c`mpv}pc vivch'
>'3'5'6 Tcpc nippmnnbigm~ fm umgvcgc~ ubfpbcfc~( mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi i`vmgbfi mg hc~ vc`hc~ ~m pmf}nbpã fmh 34 ch 04-( ~bmltpm s}m mh npb~vch ~mc fm ubfpbi nhcpi r ~}ebnbmgvmlmgvm hbltbi' N}cgfi mh ubfpbi m~ fm vbti fm~h}~vpcfi *m~lmpbhcfi( mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi i`vmgbfi mg hc~ vc`hc~ t}mfm pmf}nbp~m fmh 3= ch 04-' Nippmnnbigm~ lã~ chvc~ nippm~tigfmg c umgvcgc~ um gvcgc~ lã~ apcgfm~ r)i c t}gvi~ fm pmempmgnbc lã~ nmpnc, gi~'
>'3'5'= Gi mzb~vm }gc nippmnnbþg ~mtcpcfc tcpc i`~vp}nnbigm~ mzvmpgc~? vcg ~þhi ~m tmplbvm s}m hi~ uchipm~ i`vmgbfi~ mg hc~ vc`hc~ fmh Cgmzi C tcpc ~mnnbigm~ fm umgvcgc ~bg i`~vp}nnbþg ~mcg hmìfi~ ~maûg hi~ lâvi, fi~ bgfbncfi~ mg hi~ mkmlthi~ mk mlthi~ fmh Cgmzi @'
>'3'1 Niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg mzvmpgc *NPM"' >'3'1'3 Hi~ uchipm~ tcpc hc ~mnnbþg mzvmpgc i`~vp}bfc fm }gc umgvcgc( i`vmgbfi~ ~maûg hi~ lâvifi~ m~tmnb, ebncfi~ mg hi~ mkmlthi~ fmh Cgmzi @( ~mpãg pmf}nbfi~ c }g s}bgvi r vilcfi~ nili niltigmgvm~ fm pm, ehmzbþg mzvmpgc'
*Nigvbgûc"
,=,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
>'3'1'0 ^m jc fmvmplbgcfi s}m hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ giplchm~ fm i`~vp}nnbþg mzvmpgc nigvpb`}rmg c hc pmehmzbþg( ~ihclmgvm mg }g 04- fm hc bgvmg~bfcf fm h}{ mzvmpgc( fm`bfi ch ãpmc fm nbmhi s}m n}`pmg'
>'3': Niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc *NPB"' >'3':'3 Mh niltigmgvm fmh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch s}m nigvpb`}rm tcpc hc pmehmzbþg fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ bgvm, pbipm~ m~ nc~b nig~vcgvm mg vifi mh hinch( ~b `bmg hbampclmgvm lcrip l crip mg hi~ t}gvi~ nmpncgi~ c hc umgvcgc'
>'3':'0 Mh niltigmgvm fmh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch s}m nigvpb`}rm c hc pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc ucpìc mg eiplc fb, pmnvclmgvm tpitipnbigch ch ãpmc fm hc umgvcgc m bgump~clmgvm ch ãpmc vivch fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ bgvmpgc~( r fmtmgfm fm hi~ ecnvipm~ fm pme hmzbþg fm ~}~ niltigmgvm~; nbmhi pc~i( tcpmfm~( tb~i~ r ~}mhi mzvmpgi'
>'3':'> Tcpc hinchm~ nig tcpmfm~ r nbmhi pc~i nhcpi~ r umgvcgc~ fm vclcói giplch( mh NPB vmgfpã }g uchip fm 4(= c 3(4- tcpc t}gvi~ chmkcfi~ fm hc umgvcgc'
>'3':'6 N}cgfi ~m tpm~mgvcg i`~vp}nnbigm~ mzvmpgc~( â~vc~ pmf}nbpãg tpitipnbigchlmgvm mh NPB' Tcpc i`, vmgmp uchipm~ lã~ mzcnvi~ fmh NPB( mg mh Cgmzi @ ~m bgfbnc *@'6 }g lâvifi tpmnb~i tpmn b~i fm much}cnbþg'
6' PMS]B^BVI^ AMGMPCHM^ FM BH]LBGCNBIG GCV]PCH 6'3 Hc fb~ti~bnbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg mzvmpgc ~mpubpã fm `c~m tcpc fmvmplbgcp mh ecnvip fm h}{ gcv}pch s}m fm, `m lcgvmgmp~m mg n}chs}bmp cl`bmgvm bgvmpbip'
6'0 Hi~ gbumhm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg gmnm~cpbi~ tcpc hc~ fbempmgvm~ vcpmc~ ub~}chm~ ~m m~tmnbebncg mg mh Nþfbai fm Tpãnvbnc BGMG tcpc Bh}lbgcnbþg fm Bgvmpbipm~' ^b gi ~m hiapc hc ncgvbfcf pms}mpbfc fm bh}lbgcnbþg nig h}{ gcv}pch( ~mpã bgfb~tmg~c`hm }~cp h}{ cpvbebnbch nilthmlmgvcpbc tcpc chncg{cp hi~ gbumhm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg pm, s}mpbfi~'
6'> Niltigmgvm~ fm nbmhi pmnilmgfcfi~ r s}m fm`mg lcgvmgmp~m mg hi~ fbempmgvm~ hinchm~' 6'>'3 Tcpc hc fb~ti~bnbþg fm h}{ gcv}pch m~ gmnm~cpbi `c~cp~m( tpmempmgvmlmgvm( mg mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi( tips}m â~vm t}mfm fmvmplbgcp~m nig lcrip ecnbhbfcf r tpitipnbigc }gc bh}lbgcnbþg lã~ lifmpcfc? ~bg ml`cpai( n}cgfi ~m fm~mcg uchipm~ lã~ tpmnb~i~( fm`mpãg vilcp~m mg n}mgvc hi~ uchipm~ fm hi~ niltigmg, vm~ fm pmehmzbþg mzvmpgc m bgvmpgc m~tmnbebncfi~ mg >'3'1 r >'3':'
6'>'0 @c~ãgfi~m mg mh ~}t}m~vi gbumh fm fb~ti~bnbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg mzvmpbip fm : 444 h}z *ump >'3'>'> r fm hi~ gbumhm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg lìgbli~ cnmtvc`hm~( gmnm~cpbi~ tcpc hc~ fbempmgvm~ vcpmc~ ub~}chm~ *ump 6'0( hi~ niltigmgvm~ fm nbmhi pmnilmgfcfi~ tcpc cha}gi~ cl`bmgvm~ c l`bmgvm~ ~ig m~tmnbebncfi~ mg hc Vc`hc 0'
*Nigvbgûc"
,5,
32:>,3=:
, VC@HC 0' Ecnvipm~ fm h}{ gcv}pch pmnilmgfcfi~ tcpc bgvmpbipm~ *ump givc >"
TIPNMGVCKM FMH ECNVIP FM H][ GCV]PCH
CL@BMGVM
UBUBMGFC^ ^chc~
4(50=
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3(2
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0(4
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IEBNBGC^ Iebnbgc amgmpch
3(2
Iebnbgc~ fm fb`}ki
>(1=
Iebnbgc~ fm bgeiplcnbþg
4(50=
c
3(2
JI^TBVCHM^ ^chc amgmpch
3(0=
Hc`ipcvipbi tcvihþabni
0(=
c
>(1=
Cpnjbui
4(2
c
3(2
^chc~ fm hmnv}pc
3(2
c
>(1=
Cpmc fm li~vpcfip
0(=
c
>(1=
^chc~ fm nig~}hvc
3(2
c
0(=
@B@HBIVMNC
GIVC >' Mh gbumh fm bh}lbgcnbþg fm 344 h}z m~ ba}ch c }g niltigmgvm fm nbmhi fm uchip 3(0=- fm hc fb~, ti~bnbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg mzvmpbip fm : 444 h}z' *Nigvbgûc"
,1,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
6'>'> Hi~ gbumhm~ m~tmnbebncfi~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch fm`mg vilcp~m ~i`pm mh thcgi fm vpc`cki( mg hc~ ~b, a}bmgvm~ ti~bnbigm~; c
c }gc fb~vcgnbc fm >(44 c >(=4 lmvpi~( c hi hcpai fm hc hc hìgmc nmgvpch tmptmgfbn}hcp c hc umgvcgc? umgvcgc?
`
mg mh nmgvpi fmh hinch? r
n
c h}acpm~ h}acpm~ ebki~ figfm m~vâg }`bncfi~ m~npbvipbi~( tb{cppigm~( lm~c~ fm vpc`cki( mvn'
6'>'6 Nig ebgm~ fm nãhn}hi( n}cgfi ~m fm~mc ~mhmnnbigcp n}chs}bmp ti~bnbþg( ~m fm`m nig~bfmpcp hc lã~ nig, umgbmgvm tcpc hc~ gmnm~bfcfm~ fm ncfc nc~i'
6'>'= Mh ãpmc fm h}{ gcv}pch fmh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi m~vc`hmnbfi gi fm`m ~mp( giplchlmgvm( lmgip c hc lbvcf fmh ãpmc vivch fmh hinch'
6'>'5 Hc bh}lbgcnbþg cpvbebnbch ~}thmlmgvcpbc t}mfm ~mp gmnm~cpbc m g hi~ ~ba}bmgvm~ nc~i~; c
n}cgfi hi~ gbumhm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch gcv}pch m~vâg tip fm`cki fm hi~ uchipm~ uchipm~ pms}mpbfi~ tcpc fmvmplbgcfc vcpmc ub~}ch?
`
n}cgfi hc bh}lbgcnbþg mzvmpbip m~vâ tip fm`cki fm hc fb~ti~bnbþg fb~ti~bnbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg bh}lbgcnbþg mzvmpbip m~vc`hmnbfc mg hc giplc? r(
n
n}cgfi hc ebg}pc fm hc vcpmc ub~}ch fmlcgfm inc~bigchlmgvm( mg }g ~bvbi m~tmnbch( }g gbumh gbumh lã~ chvi chvi fm bh}lbgcnbþg'
6'6 Vclcói fm umgvcgc~' 6'6'3 Mh cgnji r hc chv}pc ctpitbcfi~ fm hc~ umgvcgc~ ~m fmvmplbgcg vilcgfi nili pmempmgnbc hi~ uchipm~ m~tmnbebncfi~ mg hc~ Vc`hc~ fmh Cgmzi C( nippm~tigfbmgvm~ c hi~ niltigmgvm~ fm nbmhi m~tmnbebncfi~ mg hc c hvmpgcvbuc~ m~tmnbebncfc~ mg 6'>'>' Vc`hc 0( r hc tpie}gfbfcf m~niabfc fm tmgmvpcnbþg ~m jcpã mgvpm hc~ vpm~ chvmpgcvbuc~
6'6'0 Hc~ Vc`hc~( mg amgmpch( m~tmnbebncg uchipm~ tcpc vclcói~ fm umgvcgc~ s}m nigvpb`}rmg c hc bh}lbgc, nbþg pmnilmgfcfc' Tmpi c~tmnvi~ mnigþlbni~( vângbni~ r cps}bvmnvþgbni~ fm`mg fmnbfbp hc ~mhmnnbþg e bgch'
*Nigvbgûc"
,:,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
6'6'> Cgvm~ fm pmempbp~m c hi~ uchipm~ fm hc~ Vc`hc~ fmh Cgmzi C( tcpc fmnbfbp mh ~}t}m~vi vclcói fm umgvc, gc~( pmhcnbigcfi ch niltigmgvm fm nbmhi m~tmnbebncfi mg hc Vc`hc 0( tcpc hi~ fbempmgvm~ cl`bmgvm~( ~m fm`m c}lmgvcp mh ecnvip nippm~tigfbmgvm( ~b hc umgvcgc m~ ubfpbcfc } i`~vp}bfc mzvmpgclmgvm( i tpiub~vc fm `c, ppc~ fm umgvcgc *ump >'3'5'6'
*Nigvbgûc"
,2,
32:>,3=:
BGMG 3 3=0
32:6,4=
6'= Fb~ti~bnbþg fm umgvcgc~ tcpc tpitipnbigcp }gc `}mgc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch' 6'='3 Amgmpchlmgvm( }gc umgvcgc chvc tpitipnbigc }gc lcrip tmgmvpcnbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg( r }gc umgvcgc cgnjc( }gc lmkip fb~vpb`}nbþg' Mh ~bvbi fm vpc`cki fm`m ~mp bh}lbgcfi tip }gc ~mnnbþg fmh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi c }gc chvbv}f fm 04 c 0= apcfi~'
6'='0 Hc~ umgvcgc~ cgnjc~ t}mfmg ~mp ûvbhm~ n}cgfi ~}~ cgvmtmnji~ ~m mhmucg fm >4 c 54 nmgvìlmvpi~ tip mgnblc fmh thcgi fm vpc`cki' Vchm~ cgvmtmnji~ gi fb~lbg}bpãg lcriplmgvm hc ub~vc ch mzvmpbip r tpitip, nbigcpãg ch hinch }g m~tcnbi uchbi~i fm tcpmf( s}m t}mfm ~mp ctpiumnjcfi tcpc nigf}nbp chcl`pm mhânvpbni( ac~( nigmzbigm~ fm ca}c( mvn'
6'='> Tcpc }gc lmkip tmgmvpcnbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg( }g lcrip gûlmpi fm umgvcgc~ tms}móc~ r fm ncpcnvm, pì~vbnc~ ~mlmkcgvm~( nihincfc~ c hi hcpai fm tcpmfm~ cfrcnmgvm~ } it}m~vc~ ( fcpãg }gc lmkip fb~vpb`}nbþg fm bh}lbgcnbþg s}m }gc ~ihc umgvcgc apcgfm' Mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi c n}chs}bmp t}gvi( fm`bfi ch gûlmpi fm umgvcgc~( t}mfm ~mp fmvmplbgcfi eãnbhlmgvm tip hi~ apãebni~ fm niltigmgvm fm nbmhi nippm~tigfbmgvm r cfmn}cfclmgvm ~}tmpt}m~vi~' Hc ~}lc fmh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi bgfbubf}ch fm ncfc umgvcgc c }g t}gvi fc mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi vivch' Hi~ lb~li~ apãebni~ bgfbubf}chm~ vcl`bâg vcl`bâg ecnbhbvcpãg hc mhc`ipcnbþg fmh apã, ebni ebgch fmh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi( fm`bfi fm` bfi c hc~ lûhvbthm~ umgvcgc~'
6'='6 Hc bh}lbgcnbþg fm hc~ umgvcgc~ hcvmpchm~ ~mpã mg amgmpch( bg~}ebnbmgvm( ~b hc tpie}gfbfcf memnvbuc fmh hinch m~ lcrip fm 0 c 0(= umnm~ hc fb~vcgnbc fm~fm mh tb~i c hc tcpvm ~}tmpbip fm hc umgvcgc'
6'='= Umgvcgc~ nihincfc~ mg tcpmfm~ it}m~vc~ fcpãg lcrip }gbeiplbfcf c hc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch bgvmpgc fmh hinch( m~tmnbchlmgvm n}cgfi mh hinch m~ fm ~bmvm lmvpi~ i lcrip mg fbpmnnbþg vpcg~ump~ch' M~vc fb~ti~b, nbþg vcl`bâg fb~lbg}rm mh pm~thcgfip( bh}lbgcgfi hc tcpmf s}m pifmc ncfc }gc fm hc~ umgvc gc~ it}m~vc~'
6'='5 T}mfmg tpmump~m umgvcgc~ hcvmpchm~ mg }g hcfi r umgvcgc~ nig vpcach}{ hcvmpch mg mh hcfi it}m~vi( figfm hc ~bv}cnbþg c~ì hi pms}bmpc'
6'='1 Umgvcgc~ tpie}gfc~ vbmgfmg c pmf}nbp hi~ memnvi~ fm h fm~h}l`pclbmgvi' 6'=': Hc~ umgvcgc~ bpãg tpiub~vc~ fm nipvbgc~( tmp~bcgc~( tcpc~ihm~ } ivpi~ mhmlmgvi~ tcpc ~il`pc( s}m mub, vmg( mg hi ti~b`hm( mh bgapm~i fm h}{ ~ihcp fbpmnvc ch hinch' Hi~ tcpc~ihm~( tmp~bcgc~( mvn'( pmf}nmg hc chv}pc memnvbuc fm hc umgvcgc( tip hi s}m m~ gmnm~cpbi nig~bfmpcp hc~ vihmpcgnbc~ fm`bfc~'
6'='2 Hc~ umgvcgc~ cgnjc~ r `ckc~ ~ig( tip hi amgmpch( lã~ eãnbhm~ fm tpivmamphc~ fmh bgapm~i fm h}{ ~ihcp fb, pmnvc' N}cgfi bgapm~c hc h}{ h}{ ~ihcp fbpmnvc( c}lmgvc nig~bfmpc`hmlmgvm hc bh}lbgcnbþg bgvmpbip' bgvmpbip' ^m tpif}nb, pã pm~thcgfip ~b ncm mg tcpmfm~ i ãga}hi~ `cki~( lã~ vifcuìc( n}cgfi ncm mg tb~i~( m~tmnbchlmgvm n}cgfi â~vi~ ~ig fm nihip i`~n}pi i nig lmgi~ ìgfbnm fm pmehmzbþg'
6'='34 Tcpc mh nigvpih fm h}{ lmfbc( ~m fm`mg }~cp ubfpbi~ vpcg~tcpmgvm~ *vpc~hûnbfi~ i lcvm( m~lmpbhcfi~( apc`cfi~ i ~ithcfi~ nig cpmgc( nigeba}pcfi~ i nipp}acfi~( r nbmpvi~ vbti~ fm ubfpbi~ tpb~lãvbni~' M~vi~ t}mfmg ~mp ebki~ i lþubhm~( r fm`mg nihincp~m mg mh bgvmpbip i mg mh mzvmpbip( tpmempmgvmlmgvm mg hc tcpvm ~}, tmpbip fm hc umgvcgc( rc s}m hc tcpvm bgempbip fm hc lb~lc fm`m tpitipnbigcp ~}ebnbmgvm ub~b`bhbfcf mzvmpbip' *Nigvbgûc"
, 34 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
6'='33 Mh ebg tpbgnbtch fm hi m~tmnbebncfi mg 6'='34 m~ mh pmehmkcp tcpvm fm hc h}{ mg mh nbmhi pc~i r( fm m~vc eiplc( c}lmgvcp mg mh hinch hc bh}lbgcnbþg fbe}~c( fcp h}{ c hc~ ãpmc~ lã~ chmkcfc~ fm hc umgvcgc r tpif}nbp }gc bh}lbgcnbþg lã~ }gbeiplm mg vifi mh hinch' Vcl`bâg bltmfbpã s}m hc umgvcgc nc}~m }g fm~h}l`pc, lbmgvi bgnþlifi c hi~ in}tcgvm~ fmh hinch( c}gs}m( n}cgfi pmnb`cg bh}lbgcnbþg fm h}{ ~ihcp fbpmnvc( ~m tpif}nbpã chai fm fm~h}l`pclbmgvi'
6'='30 Mh fb~mói fm hc umgvcgc fm`m jcnmp~m fm vch lcgmpc s}m n}cgfi ~m tpif}{nc bh}lbgcnbþg fbpmnvc( ~m vilmg hc~ tpmnc}nbigm~ fm`bfc~ tcpc tpif}nbp h}{ fbe}~c( tip lmfbi fm pmehmki~ m bgvmp , pmehmki~ bgvmpbipm~' Mh fb~mói ~mpã vch( s}m mh pcfbi fm nhcpbfcf nc}~cfi c ~}~ nigvipgi~ bglmfbcvi~ r ãpmc~ fb~vcgvm~ mg mh hinch ~mc nili 34;>;3'
6'='3> Tcpc c~ma}pcp }g cfmn}cfi gbumh fm bh}lbgcnbþg fbe}~c mg mh bgvmpbip fmh hinch( vifc~ hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ ~mpãg fm nihipm~ nhcpi~ r vmgfpãg }g `}mg ìgfbnm fm pmehmzbþg'
6'5 ^bv}cnbþg fm mfbebnbi~' 6'5'3 ]gc thcgbebncnbþg ctpitbcfc fm hi~ mfbebnbi~ t}mfm c}lmgvcp ctpmnbc`hmlmgvm hc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch mg mh bgvmpbip fm hi~ hinchm~ hinc hm~ fm hi~ mfbebnbi~' l}njc lmgip i`~vp}nnbþg fm hc hc h}{ gcv}pch s}m ivpi~( r( 6'5'0 Nbmpvc~ fb~ti~bnbigm~ fm mfbebnbi~ iepmnmg l}njc tip nig~ba}bmgvm( vbmgmg }gc ~bagbebncnbþg cfmn}cfc( m~tmnbchlmgvm n}cgfi ~m hhmuc c nc`m }gc thcgbebnc, nbþg bgvmg~buc'
6'5'> Figfm ~m hmucgvcg cha}gi~ mfbebnbi~ ~blbhcpm~ l}r nmpnc mh }gi fmh ivpi( m~ lã~ umgvcki~i vmgmp `hi, s}m~ chvmpgcfi~ tmptmgfbn}hcpm~ mh }gi ch ivpi( s}m vifi~ mg }gc eiplcnbþg tcpchmhc'
6'5'6 Hc~ ~mtcpcnbigm~ r hc chv}pc fm hi~ mfbebnbi~ ~ig bgvmpfmtmgfbmgvm~( r t}mfmg ~mp ck}~vcfc~( c ebg fm s}m tpitipnbigmg }gc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch gcv}pch þtvblc( þtvblc( tcpc n}chs}bmp n}chs}bmp fmg~bfcf fm fm~cppihhi fm mfbebnbi~( mfbebnbi~( â~, vi m~( tcpc n}chs}bmp ãpmc fm nig~vp}nnbþg fmgvpi fm }g ãpmc vivch fm vmppmgi'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 33 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
CGMZI C
VC@HC^ TCPC NILTIGMGVM^ FM NBMHI C'3 Fm~npbtnbþg fm hc~ vc`hc~' C'3'3 M~vm Cgmzi nigvbmgm vpm~ vc`hc~; c
VC@HC >' Tipnmgvckm fm niltigmgvm fm nbmhi ~i`pm mh thcgi jipb{igvch( fm`bfi c }gc umgvcgc umgvcgc umpvbnch( tcpc hc fb~ti~bnbþg fm nbmhi vpitbnch'
`
VC@HC 6' Tipnmgvckm fm niltigmgvm niltigmgvm fm nbmhi ~i`pm mh thcgi umpvbnch)tmptmgfbn}hcp c }gc }gc umgvcgc ump, ump, vbnch( tcpc hc fb~ti~bnbþg fm nbmhi vpitbnch'
n
VC@HC =' Tipnmgvckm fm niltigmgvm niltigmgvm fm nbmhi nbmhi ~i`pm mh thcgi umpvbnch umpvbnch tcpchmhi c }gc umgvcgc umgvcgc umpvbnch( tcpc hc fb~ti~bnbþg fm nbmhi vpitbnch'
C'3'0 Vifc~ hc~ Vc`hc~ ~bpumg tcpc c`mpv}pc~ gi ubfpbcfc~( bh}lbgcfc~ tip }gc f b~ti~bnbþg fm nbmhi nhcpi' C'3'> Hi~ uchipm~ vc`}hcfi~ nippm~tigfmg c hi~ niltigmgvm~ fmh t}gvi T( c }gc fb~vcgnbc f fm hc umgvcgc( tmptmgfbn}hcpm~ ch thcgi fm hc c`mpv}pc( c vpcuâ~ fm }gc fm ~}~ m~s}bgc~ lã~ `ckc~' Mh cgnji r hc chv}pc fm hc c`mpv}pc pmnvcga}hcp m~vãg pmtpm~mgvcfi~ tip h r j( pm~tmnvbuclmgvm *ump eba}pc ='
C'3'6 Mg hc~ Vc`hc~ ~m fcg uchipm~ fm niltigmgvm fm nbmhi tcpc fbempmgvm~ pmhcnbigm~ fm j)f r 3)f( â~vi m~ tcpc fbempmgvm~ vclcói~ fm umgvcgc~ r fbempmgvm~ f bempmgvm~ fb~vcgnbc~ fm hc umgvcgc ch t }gvi T'
C'3'= Nig }gc nil`bgcnbþg nigumgbmgvm fm hi~ uchipm~ i`vmgbfi~ mg hc~ Vc`hc~( ~m t}mfm i`vmgmp mh nil, tigmgvm fm nbmhi tcpc }g t }gvi r }gc umgvcgc m~tmnbebncfi~ mg n}chs}bmp n }chs}bmp thcgi'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 30 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
CGMZI @ NCHN]HI FM NILTIGMGVM^ FM NBMHI @'3 Lâvifi tcpc mh }~i fm hc~ vc`hc~ fmh Cgmzi C' @'3'3 Mh lâvifi tcpc }~cphc~ Vc`hc~ fmh Cgmzi C( c ebg fmvmgmp mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi c t}gvi~ fbempmg, vm~( ~m mzthbnc nig cha}gi~ mkmlthi~ m~tmnìebni~' Tcpc n}cgfi mh thcgi fm vpc`cki m~ jipb{igvch( ~m }~cpã hc Vc`hc >' Mg ivpi~ nc~i~ fm thcgi~ thc gi~ fm vpc`cki umpvbnchm~ i bgnhbgcfi~( ~m }~cpãg hc~ Vc`hc~ 6 r ='
@'0 Mkmlthi~' Mkmlthi 3' Mh t}gvi T m~vã c >44 nl fm~fm hc umgvcgc( mg }gc hìgmc tmptmgfbn}hcp fm~fm mh nmgvpi ~}tmpbip fmh cgvmtmnji' Mh cgnji fm hc umgvcgc m~ fm 3:4 nl r mh chvi( fm 3=4 nl'
m~vã c >44 nl fm hc umgvcgc( tmptmgfbn}hcp ch t}gvi G( c >4 nl fm hc }gc m~s}bgc Mkmlthi 0' Mh t}gvi T m~vã fm hc umgvcgc r c 3=4 nl fm hc ivpc'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 35 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
Tcpvm C;
Tcpvm @;
3)f
<
3=4)>44
<
4(=
j)f
<
3=4)>44
<
4(=
Ec
<
0(14- *Vc`hc >
*E
<
niltigmgvm fm nbmhi
3)f
<
>4)>44
<
4(3
j)f
<
3=4)>44
<
4(=
E
<
4(546- *Vc`hc >
E
<
Ec / E`
<
0(14 / 4(546 < >(>46-
Mkmlthi >' Mh t}gvi T m~vã c >44 nl fm hc umgvcgc( lmfbfi tmptmgfbn}hcplmgvm ch t}gvi G( s}m m~vã }`b, ncfi 54 nl ni`pm mh nmgvpi fmh cgvmtmnji' Hc ~mnnbþg fm umgvcgc fm`cki fm hc hìgmc jipb{igvch s}m tc~c tip mh t}gvi G ~mpã g}hc? m~ fmnbp( gi ~m tifpã ump m h nbmhi c vpcuâ~ fm m~vc ~mnnbþg' ~mnn bþg'
Tcpc ncfc lbvcf memnvbuc; 3)f
<
24)>44 < 4(>
j)f
<
24)>44 < 4(>
E3
<
4(:=2- *Vc`hc>
E
<
4(:=2 z 0 < 3(13:-
Mkmlthi 6' Mh t}gvi T m~vã c >44 nl fm hc umgvcgc( lmfbfi tmptmgfbn}hcplmgvm ch t}gvi G( s}m m~vã }`b, ncfi 54 nl fm`cki fmh nmgvpi fmh fm h cgvmtmnji' ^m nig~bfmpc s}m hc umgvcgc ~m mzvbmgfm c ME'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 31 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
^mnnbþg GE @J 3)f < 24)>44 < 4(> j)f < 54)>44 E₃
< 4(0
< 4(64>- *Vc`hc >
^mnnbþg GE AA 3)f < 24)>44
< 4(>
j)f < 034)>44 < 4(1 E₀
< 0(663- *Vc`hc >
^mnnbþg J@ AA E! < E₀ , E₃ < 0(663 , 4(64> < 0(4>: Tcpc vifc hc umgvcgc C@NF E <
0E!
<
0 z 0(4>: < 6(415-
Mkmlthi =' Mh t}gvi T m~vã c >44 nl fm hc umgvcgc( lmfbfi mg hc hìgmc tmptmgfbn}hcp ch t}gvi G( s}m m~vã c 54 nl fm`cki fmh cgvmtmnji r c 24 nl c hc b{s}bmpfc fmh fm h hcfi CF'
^m nig~bfmpc s}m C@NF ~m mzvbmgfm c G@!NF! 3 Tcpc G@!NF! 3)f
<
014)>44
<
4(2
j)f
<
034)>44
<
4(1
0 Tcpc GF!FF! 3)f
<
24)>44
<
4(>
j)f
<
034)>44
<
4(1
E₀
<
0(663- *Vc`hc>
> Tcpc G@!@C" 3)f
<
014)>44
<
4(2 *Nigvbgûc"
, 3: ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
j)f
<
54)>44
< 4(0
E₎
<
4(:1:- *Vc`hc >
6 Tcpc GC!CC" 3)f
<
24)>44
< 4(>
j)f
<
54)>44
< 4(0
E₆
<
4(64>- *Vc`hc >
E
<
E₃ , E₀ , E₎ / E₆
E
<
=(142 , 0(663 , 4(:1: / 4(64> < 0(12>-
Mkmlthi 5' Mh t}gvi T m~vã c >44 nl fm hc umgvcgc r G ~m mgn}mgvpc ~i`pm mh gbumh fmh fbgvmh' Mh t}gvi T gi m~vã mzt}m~vi c }g niltigmgvm fm n bmhi? tip nig~ba}bmgvm( E < 4'
Mkmlthi 1' Mh t}gvi T m~vã c 3:4 nl fm hc umgvcgc' G nibgnbfm nig mh t}gvi C'
3)f
<
3:4)3:4 < 3(44
j)f
<
3=4)3:4 < 4(:>>
Tcpc fmvmplbgcp E mg hc Vc`hc m~ gmnm~cpbi b gvmptihcp' Tcpc;
Tcpc;
Tcpc;
3)f
<
3(44 r j)f
<
4(=
E₃
<
1(614-
3)f
<
3(44 r j)f
<
4(:
E₀
<
5(:-
3)f
<
3(44 r j)f
<
4(:>>
E
<
5(: / 3)> *1(61 , 5(: < 1(40>-
m~vã c >44nl fm hc umgvcgc' G nibgnbfm nig C' Mzb~vm }gc i`~vp}nnbþg mzvmpgc fm Mkmlthi : ' Mh t}gvi T m~vã 54 nl ~i`pm mh cgvmtmnji'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 32 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
3 Tcpc C@NF 3)f
<
3:4)>44
<
4(5
j)f
<
3=4)>44
<
4(=
E₃
<
>(3- *Vc`hc >
0 Tcpc C@ EM 3)f
<
3:4)>44
<
4(5
j)f
<
54)>44
<
4(0
E₀
<
4(1- *Vc`hc>
Tcpc hc ~mnnbþg ~bg i`~vp}nnbþg ME NF E
< E₃ , E₀ < >(3 , 4(1 , 0(6-
Mh tipnmgvckm fm i`~vp}nnbþg fm E0 m~ mh 04- 4(1 z 4(0 < 4(36-
Mkmlthi 2 ' Mh t}gvi m~vc c >44 nl fm hc umgvcgc' G nibgnbfm nig C' Mzb~vm }gc i`~vp}nnbþg fm 24 nl z 24 nl( nili ~m bgfbnc mg hc eba}pc'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 04 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0 Tcpc C@NF 3)f
<
3:4)>44 3:4) >44 < 4(5
j)f
<
3=4)>44 3=4) >44 < 4(=
E₃
<
>(3- *Vc`hc >
Tcpc hc i`~vp}nnbþg FMEA 3)f
<
24)>44
< 4(>
j)f
<
24)>44
< 4(>
E₀
<
4(:5- *Vc`hc >
Tcpc hc ~mnnbþg ~bg i`~vp}nnbþg M@NFAE E
<
E₃
,
E₀ < 0(06-
Hc i`~vp}nnbþg m~ }g s}bgvi fm E ₀
4':5 < 4(310= fm~fm hc umgvcgc( tcpchmhi c Mkmlthi 34' Hc lb~lc umgvcgc' ]g tb{cppþg umpvbnch m~vã }`bncfi c >44 nl fm~fm ~} thcgi' Fmvmplbgcp mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi pms}mpbfi ch nmgvpi fmh tb{cppþg' Tcpc mgnigvpcp mh nilti, gmgvm fm nbmhi E₃ ~m fm`mg }~cp hi~ lb~li~ lâvifi~ s}m mg hi~ mkmlthi~ mkml thi~ cgvmpbipm~' Tmpi( mg m~vm nc~i( ~m }~cpã hc Vc`hc =' ^b mh thcgi fmh tb{cppþg m~ tmptmgfbn}hcp ch fm hc umgvcgc( tcpc mgnigvpcp mh niltigmgvm fm nbnhi E0 ~m }~cpã hc Vc`hc 6' ^b mh thcgi fmh tb{cppþg m~ bgnhbgcfi nig }g ãga}hi κ c hc fbpmnnbþg tmp, tmgfbn}hcp( ~m }~cpã hc eþpl}hc *ump givc 6; E < E3 ^mg κ / E0Ni~ κ
@'> Bg~vp}nnbigm~ amgmpchm~ @'>'3 Tcpc i`~vp}nnbigm~ bppma}hcpm~( nili }gc ebhc fm ãp`ihm~ }`bncfi~ tcpchmhclmgvm ch thcgi fm hc umg, vcgc( ~m t}mfmg vpc{cp hìlbvm~ pmnvi~ ms}buchmgvm~( ms }buchmgvm~( jipb{igvchm~ r umpvbnchm~'
@'>'0 Tcpc i`~vp}nnbigm~ bppma}hcpm~ mzvpmlc~ } i`~vp}nnbigm~ s}m gi ~mcg tcpchmhc~ ch thcgi fm hc umgvcgc hc~ vc`hc~ t}mfmg fcp pm~}hvcfi~ bgnippmnvi~? tip nig~ba}bmgvm( vmgfpãg s}m }~cp~m lâvifi~ m~s}mlãvbni~( nili mh fbcapclc fm Qchfpcl( m~tmnbebncfi mg hc Giplc BGMG 3 3=3'
@'>'> Tcpc umgvcgc~ fm gcum~( umgvcgc~ fm `}jcpfbhhc~ i umgvcgc~ m~s}bgmpc~ ( fm`mpãg vilcp~m hc~ lmfbfc~ gmnm~cpbc~ mg n}cgvi c hc c`mpv}pc fm hc umgvcgc nchn}hcfc( tcpc mgnigvpcp mh niltigmgvm fm nbmhi pms}mpb, fi ~maûg hc~ Vc`hc~'
GIVC 6' Mg cha}gc~ ti~bnbigm~( ~ihclmgvm }gc tcpvm fm hc umgvcgc m~vcpã bh}lbgcgfi mh tb{cppþg( tmpi hi~ mkmlthi~ cgvmpbipm~ bgfbncg mh lâvifi s}m fm`m ~ma }bp~m mg â~vc i mg ivpc~ ~bv}cnbigm~ nignpmvc~' *Nigvbgûc"
, 03 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
@'6 Nãhn}hi fmh niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc *NPB"' @'6'3 Mh niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc m~ }gc ncgvbfcf ucpbc`hm s}m ncl`bc fm t}gvi c t}gvi mg }g hi, nch( fmtmgfbmgfi fmh vmplbgcfi bgvmpbip fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ bgvmpgc~ fmh hinch'
@'6'0 Mh uchip fmh niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc m~ lãzbli mg mh nmgvpi fmh hinch r fb~lbg}rm mg ivpi~ t}gvi~ fm vifc~ hc~ fbpmnnbigm~'
@'6'> Tcpc nchn}hcp mh uchip fmh niltigmgvm fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc mg n}chs}bmp t}gvi fm }g hinch( t}mfm }~cp~m hc ~ba}bmgvm eþpl}hc'
4(:= Q N'P'B' <
C *3 , P
*NPeq / 34Pnq
^bmgfi; Q
<
ãpmc fm hc umgvcgc?
N
<
nig~vcgvm fm uchip 1:( n}cgfi gi jcr i`~vp}nnbþg mzvmpgc'
Peq <
tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc fmh tb~i r fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ ~}tmpebnbm~ fm hc~ ~mnnbigm~ fm tcpmf s}m m~vãg tip fm`cki fm hc chv}pc lmfbc fm hc umgvcgc( mznh}rmgfi hc tcpmf fm hc umgvcgc'
Pnq <
tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc fmh nbmhi pc~i r fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ fm hc~ ~mnnbigm~ fm tcpmf s}m m~vãg tip mgnblc fm hc chv}pc lmfbc fm hc umgvcgc( mznh}rmgfi m znh}rmgfi hc tcpmf fm hc umgvc, gc'
C
<
ãpmc vivch fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ fmh hinch( nbmhi pc~i( tcpmfm~( tb~i r umgvcgc~'
P
<
tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc fm vifc~ hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ fmh hinch( nbmhi pc~i( tcpmfm~( tb~i r umgvcgc~( mztpm~cfi nili }g fmnblch( tcpvm fm hc }gbfcf'
f blmg~bigm~; @'6'6 Mkmlthi; Nig~bfmpcgfi fi~ hinchm~ fm hc~ ~ba}bmgvm~ fblmg~bigm~; hinch 3
<
5 l *3 z = l *c z > l *j
hinch 0
<
>(1 l *3 z > l*c z > l *j
Hc~ umgvcgc~ ~mpãg }g 3=- fmh ãpmc fmh tb~i r ubfpbcfc~' Vclcói fm umgvcgc fmh hinch 3 < 0(= l z 3(: l Vclcói fm umgvcgc fmh hinch 0 < 3(= l z 3(3 l Hc~ umgvcgc~ m~vcpãg ~i`pm hc hc tcpmf fm 5 l z > l r >(1 z > l( pm~tmnvbuclmgvm( r nig }g cgvmtmnji fm 4(2 l' Nimebnbmgvm~ fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc; Tcpmfm~ r nbmhi pc~i <
14-
Tb~i
<
04-
Ubfpbi~
<
3=-
Uchip fm NPB fmh hinch; c
ãpmc bgvmpbip vivch < C < 0 *>4 z 3: z 3= < 305 l°
`
tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc; *Nigvbgûc"
, 00 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
53(= z 4(1 / >4 z 4(1 / >4 z 4(0 / 6(= z 4(3= P <
< 4(=5
53(= / >4 / >4 / 6(=
n 3 , 4(=5 < 4(66 f hc chv}pc lmfbc fm hc umgvcgc fm~fm mh tb~i m~ fm 3(:> l r mh tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bg, vmpgc fmh hinch fm`cki fmh gbumh m~ 3(:> l( mznh}bfc hc tcpmf s}m nigvbmgm hc umgvcgc'
02(0: z 4(1 / >4 z 4(0 Peq <
02(02 ³ >4
< 4(6=
m mh tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc ~i`pm mh gbumh gbumh 3(:> l( mznh}bfc hc tcpmf s}m nigvbmgm hc umgvcgc;
3:(10 z 4(1 / >4 z 4(1 Pnq <
3:(10 / >4
< 4(1
4(:= z 6(= e NPB <
305 z 4(66
*1: z 4(6= / 34 z 4(1 < 0(246
Uchip fm NPB fmh hinch 0; c ãpmc bgvmpbip vivch < C < 0 *33(3 / 33(3 ³ 2 < 50(6 l° ` tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc;
>:(== z 4(1 / 33(3 z 4(1 / 33(3 z 4(0 / 3(5= z 4(3= P <
< 4(=25
>:(== / 33(3 / 33(3 / 3(5=
n 3 , 4(=25 < 4(646 f hc chv}pc lmfbc fm hc hc umgvcgc ch tb~i < 3(65 l
>1(> z 4(0 / 36(35 z 4(1 Peq <
< 4'6:
33(3 / 36(35
m tpilmfbi fmh ecnvip fâ pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc ~i`pm mh gbumh 36(5 l
>(1 z > z 4(1 / 3(=6 z 2(1 z 4(1 Pnq <
e NPB <
< 4'1
33(3 / 36(26 4(:= z 3(5= 50(6 z 4(646
*1: z 4(6: / 34 z 4(2 < 0(610
*Nigvbgûc"
, 0> ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
CGMZI N
GIVC AMGMPCH ^I@PM HC BH]LBGCNBIG GCV]PCH FM MFBEBNBI^ N'3 Mh i`kmvbui tpbgnbtch fm hc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch nig~b~vm mg i`vmgmp ~}ebnbmgvm h}{ tcpc tpitipnbigcp }gc `}mgc ub~bþg( ~bg tpif}nbp fm~h}l`pclbmgvi' Tcpc m~vi( gi ~m t}mfmg fcp ~ih}nbigm~ ~blthm~( tips}m hc fb~ti~bnbþg fmh nbmhi ucpìc l}nji mg ~} nhcpbfcf fm }gc jipc c ivpc r fm }g tmpìifi c ivpi'
N'0 Fbempmgvm~ vcpmc~ ub~}chm~ gmnm~bvcg fbempmgvm~ gbumhm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg tcpc i`vmgmp }gc lb~lc mebnbmg, nbc ub~}ch' Hc nippmnvc ncgvbfcf fm h}{( tcpc n}chs}bmp vcpmc ub~}ch( m~ fmvmplbgcfc tip; c
hc~ ncpcnvmpì~vbnc~ fm hc vcpmc,vclcói fmh fmvchhm ~bagbebncgvm( ~bagbebncgvm( nigvpc~vm fmh fmvchhm nig mh eigfi r hc fb~, vcgnbc s}m m~vã c hc ub~vc? ub ~vc?
`
hc nchbfcf fm hc ub~vc fm hc tmp~igc s}m itmpc?
n
hc umhinbfcf umhinbfcf r mzcnvbv}f gmnm~cpbc~ gmnm~cpbc~ mg mh pmgfblbmgvi pmgfblbmgvi fmh vpc`cki? r(
f
hc ecnbhbfcf r nilifbfcf fmh vpc`cki' Hc~ vcpmc~ hcpac~ ~m fm`mg jcnmp nig vpcgs}bhbfcf( lbmgvpc~ s}m vcpmc~ fm nipvc f}pcnbþg ~m fm`mg fm`m g jcnmp nig }g m~e}mp{i m~tmnbch'
Hc~ Vc`hc~ fm gbumhm~ gmnm~cpbi~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg ~ig mh pm~}hvcfi fm }g cgãhb~b~ n}bfcfi~i fm hi~ ecnvipm~ cgivcfi~'
N'> Hi~ gbumhm~ fm Bh}lbgcnbþg cgchìvbnclmgvm fmvmplbgcfi~( fm`mg ~mp vpc~hcfcfi~ c gbumhm~ tpãnvbni~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg( r h}mai( ch vclcói fm hc c`mpv}pc fm hc umgvcgc( i ubnmump~c( c ebg fm niltpi`cp mh vclcói fm hc umgvcgc tcpc hi~ gbumhm~ fm bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch pms}mpbfi~'
N'6 ]gi fm hi~ g}lmpi~i~ ecnvipm~ bltipvcgvm~ niltpmgfbfi~ mg hc vpc~hcnbþg m~ hc bh}lbgcnbþg fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~ fmh hinch? t}m~( hc lb~lc ncgvbfcf fm h}{ gcv}pch bpã l}nji lã~ hmki~ mg }g hinch fm ~}tmpebnbm~ nhcpc~ s}m mg }gi fm ~}tmpebnbm~ i`~n}pc~' M~ bgfb~tmg~c`hm nig~bfmpcp ch bgbnbi fm n}chs}bmp nãhn}hi mh ni, hip fm hc~ ~}tmpebnbm~' gi m~ lmpclmgvm c~}gvi fm c`mpv}pc~ fm umgvcgc~' umgvcgc~' Mh =4- fmh gbumh mumg, N'= Hc bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch gi v}ch fm bh}lbgcnbþg t}mfm fmtmgfmp fm hc fmnipcnbþg bgvmpgc fmh hinch' hinch' N}chs}bmpc s}m ~mc ~mc mh nihip s}m hi~ in}tcgvm~ fmh hinch s}b~bmpcg }~cp( ~m fm`mg lcgvmgmp hi~ uchipm~ ctpitbcfi~ fmh ecnvip fm pmehmzbþg bgvmpgc mg nbmhi pc~i( tb~i r tcpmfm~( fm lcgmpc s}m mh gbumh fm bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch ~m lcgvmgac'
*Nigvbgûc"
, 06 ,
32:>,3=:
32:6,4=
BGMG 3 3=0
CTMGFBNM [ ['3 GIPLC^ C NIG^]HVCP BGMG 3 3=4' Bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch fm mfbebnbi~' mfbebnbi~ ' Fmebgbnbigm~' Fmebgbnb igm~' BGMG 3 3=3' Bh}lbgcnbþg gcv}pch fm mfbebnbi~' mfbebnbi~ ' Lâvifi~ fm fmvmplbgcnbþg'
['0 @C^M^ FM M^V]FBI Giplc Bgfbc B^; 0664,325:' Nifm ie tpcnvbnc eip gcv}pch hbajvbga ie `}bhfbga~ ' Bgfbcg ^vcgfcpf~ Bg~vbv}, vbig' G}muc Fmhjb( 32:5'
Cps~' ^kimpf Gbmgj}r~ r A}bhhmpli Hcpc ' C~ihmclbmgvi r ~}~ cthbncnbigm~ tcpc mh fb~mói nhblcvihþabni fm
hc ububmgfc mg mh Mn}cfip ' Bg~vbv}vi Mn}cvipbcgi fm Giplchb{cnbþg' S}bvi( 3215'
, 0= ,
32:>,3=:
BGEIPLCNBÞG NILTHMLMGVCPBC Fin}lmgvi; GVM BGMG 3 3=0
VBV]HI; BH]LBGCNBÞG PMS]B^BVI^'
IPBABGCH; Emnjc fm bgbnbcnbþg fmh m~v}fbi; 3211,4:,3=
GCV]PCH
FM
MFBEBNBI^' Nþfbai; NI 41'46,643
PMUB^BÞG; Emnjc fm ctpi`cnbþg cgvmpbip tip Nig~mki Fbpmnvbui Iebnbchb{cnbþg nig mh Ncpãnvmp fm tip Cn}mpfi Gi' t}`hbncfi mg mh Pmab~vpi Iebnbch Gi' Emnjc fm bgbnbcnbþg fmh m~v}fbi;
Emnjc~ fm nig~}hvc tû`hbnc; fm 32:4,30,0>
ch
32:3,4>,43
Hc Fbpmnnbþg Amgmpch fmh BGMG fb~t}~i hc mhc`ipcnbþg fm m~vc Giplc fm m~tmnbch bltipvcgnbc mg mh nclti fmh Fb~mói r Nig~vp}nnbþg fm mfbebnbi~ jc`bâgfi~m bgbnbcfi mh m~v}fbi mg 3211,4:,3=' Gi j}`i ^}`nilbvâ Vângbni( tip nig~bfmpcphi c~ì hc Fbpmnnbþg Amgmpch' ^}`nilbvâ Vângbni; Emnjc fm bgbnbcnbþg; Emnjc fm ctpi`cnbþg; Bgvmapcgvm~ fmh ^}`nilbvâ Vângbni;
GIL@PM^;
BG^VBV]NBÞG PMTPM^MGVCFC;
Ivpi~ vpãlbvm~; ♥5 M~vc giplc ~bg ~bg gbgaûg ncl`bi ncl`bi mg ~} nigvmgbfi e}m FM^PMA]HCPB[CFC( tc~cgfi fm I@HBACVIPBC c UIH]GVCPBC( ~maûg Pm~ih}nbþg Pm~ih}nbþg fm Nig~mki Fbpmnvbui fm 322:,43,4: r iebnbchb{cfc iebnbchb{cfc lmfbcgvm Cn}mpfi Lbgb~vmpbch Gi' 4> 530 fm 044>,30,00( t}`hbncfi mg mh Pmab~vpi Pmab~vpi Iebnbch Gi' 06: fmh 0446,43, 42 Mh Nig~mki Fbpmnvbui fmh BGMG ctpi`þ m~vm tpirmnvi fm giplc mg ~m~bþg fm 32:6,4=,34 Iebnbchb{cfc nili; I`hbacvipbc Pmab~vpi Iebnbch Gi' :3 fm 32:6,30,41
Tip Cn}mpfi Cn}mpfi Lbgb~vmpbch Lbgb~vmpbch Gi' =:: fm 32:6,4:,42
Bg~vbv}vi Mn}cvipbcgi fm Giplchb{cnbþg( BGMG , @cs}mpb{i Lipmgi Lipmgi M:,02 M:,02 r Cu' 5 fm Fbnbml`pm Nc~bhhc 31,43,>222 , Vmhe~; *=2> 0"0 =43::= ch 0 = 43:23 , Ecz; Ecz; *=2> 0" 0 =51:3= Fbpmnn bþg Amgmpch; M,Lcbh; M,Lcbh; e}ppm~vcDbgmg'aiu'mn Ãpmc Vângbn c fm Giplchb{cnbþg; M,Lcbh; M,Lcbh; giplchb{cnbigDbgmg'aiu'mn Ãpmc Vângbn c fm fm Nmpvbebn Nmpvbebn cnbþg; M,Lcbh; M,Lcbh; nmpvbebncnbigDbgmg'aiu'mn Ãpmc Vângbn c fm fm Umpbebncn bþg; M,Lcbh; M,Lcbh; umpbebncnbigDbgmg'aiu'mn Ãpmc Vângbn c fm ^mpubnbi~ Vmngihþabn i~; M,Lcbh; M,Lcbh; bgmgncvbDbgmg'aiu'mn Pmabigch A}crc~; M,Lcbh; bgmga}crc~Dbgmg'aiu'mn Pmabigch C{}cr; M,Lcbh; bgmgn}mgncDbgmg'aiu'mn Pmabigch Njbl`ipc{i; M,Lcbh; bgmgpbi`cl`cDbgmg'aiu'mn ]PH;qqq'bgmg'aiu'mn ]PH; qqq'bgmg'aiu'mn
