IDENTIFIKASI KATION

IDENTIFIKASI KATION 1. ARGENTUM a. 5 tete tetess laru laruta tann AgN AgNO O 3 + 3 tetes HCI N ! En"a#an $ut%& + 15 tetes NH 'OH ! En"a#an En"a#an (arut (arut + 5 tetes HNO 3 ! En"a#an $ut%& AgNO3 + HCI ! AgCI)$UTIH + HNO3 AgCI + NH 'OH ! *AgNH3,-CI + H O *AgNH3,-CI + HNO 3 ! AgCI)$UTIH + NH 'NO3 . 5 tete tetess laru laruta tann AgN AgNO O 3 + 5 tetes larutan larutan KI ! En"a#an Kun%ng Kun%ng AgNO3 + K/ ! Ag/)KUNING + KNO3 0. 5 tet tetes es laru laruta tann AgNO AgNO3 + 3 tetes K CrO'  ! Mera& C2lat AgNO 3 + KCrO' ! AgCrO')MERAH COK(AT + KNO3 ". 5 tete tetess laru laruta tann AgN AgNO O 3 + 5 tetes tetes NaOH NaOH ! En"a#an 02lat AgNO 3 + NaOH ! Ag O)COK(AT + NaNO 3 + HO e. 5 tete tetess laru laruta tann AgN AgNO O 3 + 5 tetes tetes NH 'OHN ! En"a#an $ut%& 2eu"a%n erua& en4a"% C2lat AgNO3 + NH'OH ! AgOH) $UTIH + NH'NO3 AgOH ! AgO)COK(AT + HO .

5 te tetes tes lar laruutan tan AgNO AgNO3 + 5 tetes Na S ! En"a#an En"a#an H%ta AgNO 3 + NaS ! AgS)HITAM + NaNO 3 . $(UM6UM

a. 5 tete tetess lar larut utan an $N $NO O 3, + 5 tetes HCI  N ! En"a#an $ut%& + 17 tetes H O ! En"a#an (arut D%ng%n2an ! En"a#an se#ert% /aru En"a#an "%l%&at "engan %2rs2# elalu% #eresaran #eresaran 177 8 '77 9 M%0:

$NO3,  + HCI ! $CI )$UTIH + HNO3 . 5 tetes larutan $NO 3, + 1 tetes KI ! En"a#an Kun%ng + 3 tetes HNO 3 N + HO s;" 1;3 taung ! < Keu"%an "%ng%n2an ! en"a#an 2ee#%ng82e#%ng eas se#ert% s%s%2 %2an $NO3, +  K/ ! $/)KUNING + KNO3 0. 5 tetes larutan $NO 3, + 3 tetes H SO' N ! En"a#an $ut%& Te#ung $NO3, + HSO'  ! $SO ')$UTIH + HNO3 ". 5 tetes larutan $NO 3, + 5 tetes K CrO' ! En"a#an Kun%ng  $NO3, + KCrO' ! $CrO')KUNING + KNO3 e. 5 tetes larutan $NO 3, + 5 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an $ut%& $NO3,  + NaOH ! $OH, )$UTIH  + NaN 3 .

5 tetes larutan $NO 3, + 5 tetes NaS ! En"a#an H%ta $NO3, + NaS ! $S) HITAM + NaNO3 3. MERCURO

a. 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes HCI N  ! En"a#an $ut%& HgNO3, + HCI ! Hg CI)$UTIH  + HNO3

. 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + se2e#%ng 2e0%l lga Cu + 5 tetes larutan HNO 3 N ! < $eru2aan Cu en4a"% au8au= 4%2a "%gs2 a2an eng2%lat

HgNO3, + Cu HNO3 atau Hg+ + Cu HNO3

CuNO3,  + Hg) A6U8A6U

< Cu+ + Hg)A6U8A6U

0. 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes larutan KI ! En"a#an H%4au Kun%ng + 17 tetes larutan KI ! En"a#an (arut HgNO3, + K/ ! Hg/)HI/AU KUNING  + KNO3 Hg/  + K/ ! K Hg/', + Hg ". 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes K CrO'

! En"a#an C2lat  ! Kr%stal82r%stal Mera& <

HgNO3, + KCrO' ! HgCrO')COK(AT  + KNO3 e. 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an H%ta HgNO3, + NaOH ! Hg O)HITAM + NaNO3 + HO .

5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes Na S ! En"a#an H%ta HgNO3, + NaS ! HgS)HITAM + Hg)HITAM + NaNO3 '. MERCURI

a.

5 tetes laruatan HgCI  + 5 tetes HCI N ! T%"a2 A"a $erua&an + 5 tetes Na S ! En"a#an #ut%&=2un%ng=02lat "an a2&%rn>a &%ta "an enggu#al. NaS + HCI ! HS + NaCI ! T.A.$ 3HgCI + HO ! Hg3SCI)$UTIH + 'HCI Hg3SCI + HS ! 3HgS) HITAM +  HCI

. 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + se2e#%ng 2e0%l lga Cu + 5 tetes larutan HNO 3 N ! < $eru2aan Cu en4a"% au8au= 4%2a "%gs2 a2an eng2%lat   HgCI + Cu HNO3 Hg)A6U8A6U + CuCI 0. 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes larutan KI ! En"a#an Mera& /%ngga + ? tetes larutan KI ! En"a#an (arut HgCI  + K/ ! Hg/ )MERAH /INGGA + KCI Hg/  + K/ ! K  *Hg/'-

". 5 tetes larutan Hg NO3, + 5 tetes larutan NaOH ! En"a#an Mera& C2lat + ? tetes larutan NaOH ! En"a#an Kun%ng HgCI  + NaOH ! Hg OCI)MERAH COK(AT + NaCI + H O Atau: 3HgCI  + 'NaOH ! Hg 3OCI)COK(AT MERAH + 'NaCI + H O HgCI  + NaOH ! HgO) KUNING + NaCI + H O 5. 6ISMUTH a. 5 tetes larutan 6%NO 3,3 + 5 tetes HCI N ! T%"a2 A"a $erua&an + 3 tetes Na S ! En"a#an C2lat Tua NaS + HCI ! H S + NaCI 6%NO 3,3 + 3HS ! 6%S3)COK(AT + @HNO3 . 5 tetes larutan 6%NO 3,3 + 5 tetes C%n0&n%n KI ! En"a#an Mera& /%ngga 0. 5 tetes larutan 6%NO 3,3 + 5 tetes larutan KI ! En"a#an C2lat Tua + 13 tetes larutan KI ! (arutan 6erarna Kun%ng + @ tetes aBua"est ! En"a#an C2lat Tua 2eu"%an Men4a"% /%ngga 6%NO3,3 + 3K/ ! 6%/ 3)COK(AT TUA + 3KNO3 6%/3 + K/ ! K*6%/ 'K*6%/'- HO 6%/3)COK(AT TUA + K/ 6%/3 + HO ! 6%O,/)/INGGA ". 5 tetes larutan 6%NO 3,3 + 5 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an $ut%& 6%NO3,3 + 3NaOH !6%OH, 3)$UTIH  + 3NaNO 3 e. 5 tetes larutan 6%NO 3,3 + 5 tetes Na H$O'  ! En"a#an $ut%& 6%NO3,3 + Na3$O'  ! 6%$O ')$UTIH + 3NaNO3 @. CU$RI a. 5 tetes larutan CuSO '

+ 5 tetes HCI N ! T%"a2 A"a $erua&an + 5 tetes larutan Na S ! En"a#an H%ta

NaS + HCI ! H S + 3NaCI CuSO' + HS ! CuS)HITAM + HSO' . 5 tetes larutan CuSO '

+ 17 tetes NH 'OH N ! En"a#an 6%ru Mu"a + 17 tetes NH 'OH N ! (arutan 6%ru Tua

CuSO' + NH'OH ! CuSO'.CuOH,)6IRU + NH',SO' CuSO'.CuOH, + NH',SO' + @NH'OH ! *CuNH 3,'-.OH, + 'HO (ar. 6%ru Tua 0. 5 tetes larutan CuSO '

+ 5 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an 6%ru S#%rtus, ! En"a#an 6erua& Men4a"% H%ta  <

CuSO' + NaOH ! CuOH,)6IRU + NaSO' CuOH, ! CuO)HITAM + HO < ". 5 tetes larutan CuSO '

+ 5 tetes K '*FeCN,@- !En"a#an H%ta

CuSO' + K'*FeCN,@- ! Cu*FeCN,@- + K SO' e. 5 tetes larutan CuSO '

+ 5 tetes NH 'CNS ! (arutan 6erarna H%4au + ? tetes NH 'CNS ! En"a#an H%ta

CuSO' + NH'CNS ! CuCNS, )HITAM  + NH',SO' .

5 tetes larutan CuSO '

+ 5 tetes larutan KI ! En"a#an $ut%& "an (arutan C2lat ! T%ul Ua# < D%u2t%2an "engan 2ertas sar%ng >ang "%asa&% 1 tetes larutan A>lu ! Kertas sar%ng en4a"% %ru "an ter4a"% Ua# Ungu CuSO' + K/ ! Cu/  + KSO' Cu/  + ! Cu/)$UTIH + /lu ! /"a>lu) 6IRU . CADMIUM

a. 5 tetes larutan C"SO '

+ 5 tetes larutan HCI N ! T%"a2 A"a $erua&an + 3 tetes larutan Na s ! En"a#an Kun%ng

NaS + HCI ! HS + NaCI C"CI + HS ! C"S)KUNING + HCI . 5 tetes larutan C"SO '

+ 5 tetes larutan NaOH ! En"a#an $ut%& + 17 tetes larutan NaOH ! En"a#an T%"a2 (arut

C"CI  + NaOH ! C"OH, )$UTIH + NaCI 0. 5 tetes larutan C"SO '

+ 5 tetes NH 'OH N

! En"a#an $ut%&

+ 17 tetes NH 'OH N

! En"a#an (arut

C"CI + NH'OH ! C"OH,)$UTIH + NH'CI C"OH, + NH'CI + NH'OH ! C"NH 3,'CI + 'HO ?. ARSENIT a. 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + 5 tetes HCI N ! T%"a2 A"a $erua&an + 3 tetes Na S ! En"a#an Kun%ng Se#ert% Telur, NaS + HCI ! H S + NaCI Na3AsO3 + @HCI + 3H S ! AsS3)KUNING + @NaCI + @H O

. Rea2s% Gu%te%t 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + sesu"%# 2e0%l seru2 %n2 + 3 tetes H SO' N ! < Mengeluar2an geleung >ang sangat 0e#at D%u2t%2an "engan 2ertas sar%ng >ang "%asa&% larutan AgNO 3 "an "%leta22an "%atas ulut taung ! 2ertas en4a"% arna Kun%ng 2eu"%an erua& en4a"% H%ta  Na3AsO3 + @ n + H SO'  ! sH3< + @nSO ' + 3NaSO' + @HO AsH3 + @AgNO 3 + 3HO ! @Ag) HITAM + @HNO3 + H3AsO3 0. 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + @ tetes AgNO3 ! En"a#an C2lat Mu"a Na3AsO3 + 3AgNO3 ! Ag3AsO3)KUNING + 3NaNO3 ". 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + 5 tetes CuSO ' + 5 tetes NH 'OH CONC

! En"a#an H%4au ! (arutan 6erarna 6%ru

Na3AsO3 + 3CuSO '  ! CuAsO3,)HI/AU + 3NaSO' e. 1 tetes larutan I"%u

+ 5 tetes NaAsO  ! arna C2lat "ar% Reagent D%luntur2an

Na3AsO3 + / + HO ! Na3AsO' + H/ . ARSENAT a. 5 tetes larutan K AsO' + 5 tetes HCI N ! T%"a2 A"a $erua&an + 3 tetes Na S ! En"a#an Kun%ng $u0at NaS + HCI ! H S + NaCI Na3AsO' + 5HS ! AsS5)KUNING + HO + @ NaOH

. Rea2s% Gu%te%t 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + sesu"%# 2e0%l seru2 %n2 + 3 tetes H SO' N ! < Mengeluar2an geleung >ang sangat 0e#at D%u2t%2an "engan 2ertas sar%ng >ang "%asa&% larutan AgNO 3 "an "%leta22an "%atas ulut taung ! 2ertas en4a"% arna Kun%ng 2eu"%an erua& en4a"% H%ta Na3AsO' + 'n + 'H SO' ! AsH3< + 'nSO ' + HO + 3NaOH AsH3 + @AgNO 3 + HO ! @Ag)HITAM + @HNO3 + H3AsO3 0. 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + @ tetes AgNO 3 ! En"a#an C2lat Tua Na3AsO' + 3AgNO 3 ! Ag3AsO')MERAH COK(AT + 3NaNO3 ". 5 tetes larutan NaAsO  + 5 tetes Mg M%9ture ! En"a#an $ut%& NaHAsO' + MgCI  + NH3  ! MgNH',AsO')$UTIH + NaCI e. 5 tetes larutan K 3AsO' + 5 tetes NH ',MO' + 5 tetes larutan HNO 3 N ! < En"a#an Kun%ng NaHAsO' + 1NH ',MO' + 3HNO 3 ! NH',3*AsM1O'7-)KUNING + 1NH'NO3 + NaNO 3 + 1HO 17. FERRO a. 5 tetes larutan FeSO '

+ 5 tetes larutan Na S

! En"a#an H%ta se#ert% t%nta,

FeSO ' + NaS ! FeS)HITAM + NaSO' . 5 tetes larutan FeSO '

+ 5 tetes K 3*FeCN,@- ! 6%ru Trunull ; 6%ru Ke&%4auan

3FeSO' + K3*FeCN,@- ! Fe*FeCN,@-)6IRU TRUN6U(( + 3KSO' 0. 5 tetes larutan FeSO ' + 5 tetes K '*FeCN,@- ! En"a#an $ut%& Karena a"a #engaru& O  ! 6%ru T%nta FeSO' + K'*FeCN,@- ! Fe*FeCN,@-3)$UTIH + KSO' @Fe*FeCN,@- + @HO + 3O  ! Fe'*FeCN,@-3)6IRU $RUSSIAN + 'FeOH,3 ". 5 tetes larutan FeSO '

+ 5 tetes NaOH N ! En"a#an H%4au Ktr >ang a2&%rn>a erua& en4a"% C2lat

FeSO ' + NaOH ! Fe OH, )HI/AU KOTOR + NaSO' 'FeOH, + HO + O  ! 'FeOH,3)COK(AT

11. FERRI a. 5 tetes larutan FeCI 3

+ 5 tetes larutan Na S ! En"a#an H%ta

FeCI3 + 3NaS ! FeS3)HITAM + @NaCI . 5 tetes larutan FeCI 3

+ 5 tetes NH 'CNS ! (arutan 6erarna Mera& Dara&

FeCI3 + 3NH'CNS ! FeCNS, 3 + 3NH'CI Atau: (ar. Mera& Dara& 3+ 8 Fe  + CNS  ! *FeCNS,-++ (ar. Mera& Dara& 0. 5 tetes larutan FeCI 3

+ 5 tetes K '*FeCN,@- ! En"a#an 6%ru $russ%an

'FeCI3 + 3K'*FeCN,@- ! Fe '*FeCN,@-3)6IRU $RUSSIAN + 1KCI ". 5 tetes larutan FeCI 3

+ 5 tetes K 3*FeCN,@- ! (arutan 6erarna C2lat

FeCI3 + K3*FeCN,@- ! Fe*FeCN, @- + 3KCI (ar. C2lat e. 5 tetes larutan FeCI 3

+ 5 tetes (arutan NaOH ! En"a#an C2lat Mera&

FeCI3 + 3NaOH ! FeOH, 3)COK(AT MERAH + 3NaCI .

5 tetes larutan FeCI 3

+ 5 tetes CH 3COONa

! (arutan 6erarna Mera& C2lat ! En"a#an C2lat  <

FeCI3 + 3NaCH 3COO, ! FeCH 3COO,3 + 3NaCI (ar. Mera& C2lat FeCH3COO,3 + HO ! FeOH,CH3COO,)COK(AT + CH3COOH  < 1. CHROMI a. 5 tetes larutan CrCI 3

+ 3 tetes larutan Na S ! En"a#an Au8au Ke&%4auan

CrCI3 + 3NaS ! CrS3 + @NaCI . 5 tetes larutan CrCI 3 + 5 tetes NH 'OH N ! En"a#an H%4au Au8au + ? tetes NH 'OG N ! (arut

/%2a "%"%ng%n2an a2an terentu2 ! (arutan Men4a"% arna Ke%ruan CrCI3 + 3NH'OH ! CrOH, 3)A6U8A6U KEHI/AUAN + 3NH'CI CrOH,3 + @NH3  ! *CrNH 3,@- OH,3 (ar. Ungu 0. 5 tetes larutan CrCI3

+ 5 tetes larutan NaOH ! En"a#an Au8au Ke&%4auan + ? tetes larutan NaOH ! En"a#an (arut ! En"a#an Keal% Se#ert% Seula  < + 17 tetes larutan H O ! (arutan Men4a"% Kun%ng Ke&%4auan

CrCI3 + 3NaOH ! CrOH,3)A6U8A6U KEHI/AUAN + 3NaCI CrOH,3  + NaOH ! Na*CrO - + HO (ar. H%4au Na*CrO- + 3H O + NaOH ! Na *CrO'- + 'H O (ar. Kun%ng ". 5 tetes larutan CrCI 3

+ ' tetes Na CO3 ! En"a#an Au8au Ke&%4auan

 CrCI3 + NaCO3 ! CrCO3,3 + @NaCI CrCO3,3 + @HO ! CrOH, 3)A6U8A6U KEHI/AUAN + 3HO + 3CO< e. 5 tetes larutan CrCI 3

+ ' tetes Na H$O' ! En"a#an H%4au $u0at

CrCI3 + Na3$O'  ! Cr$O ')HI/AU + 3NaCI 13. A(UMUNIUM a. 5 tetes larutan AI SO',3 + 5 tetes Na S ! En"a#an $ut%& AISO',3 + 3NaS ! AIS3 + 3Na SO' AIS3 + @HO ! AIOH, 3)$UTIH + 3HS

. 5 tetes larutan AI SO',3 "ala suasana netral, + 5 tetes larutan r%n al0&l + ABua"est a". 1;3 taung ! Fluresens% H%4au AI3+ + 3C15H17O ! AIC15HO,3 + 3H+ Fluresens% H%4au Terang 0. 5 tetes larutan AI SO',3 + 5 tetes NH 'OH N ! En"a#an $ut%& +  tetes NH 'OH N ! En"a#an (arut se"%2%t

AISO',3 + @NH'OH

! AIOH,3)$UTIH  + 3NH ',SO'

". 5 tetes larutan AI SO',3 + 3 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an $ut%& +  tetes NaOH ! En"a#an (arut AISO',3 + @NaOH AIOH,3 + NaOH

! AIOH,3)$UTIH + 3NaSO' ! Na*AIO- + HO

e. 5 tetes larutan AI SO',3 + ' tetes Na H$O'  ! En"a#an $ut%& AISO',3 + Na3$O' .

! AI$O')$UTIH  + 3Na SO'

5 tetes larutan AI SO',3 + ' tetes Na CO3 ! En"a#an $ut%& $u"ar AISO',3 + 3NaCO3 AICO3,3 + @HO

! AICO3,3  + 3NaSO' ! AIOH,3)$UTIH + 3HO + 3CO< 1'. CO6A(T

a. 5 tetes larutan CSO '

+ 5 tetes Na S ! En"a#an H%ta

CNO3, + NaS ! CS) HITAM + NaNO3 . 5 tetes larutan CSO '

+ 5 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an 6%ru +  tetes NaOH ! En"a#an Mera& /au  <

CNO3, + NaOH ! COH,NO 3)6IRU + NaNO3 COH,NO3 + NaOH ! C OH,)MERAH /AM6U + NaNO3

0. 5 tetes larutan CSO '

+ 17 tetes NH 'OH N

! En"a#an 6%ru

CNO3, + NH'OH ! COH,NO3)6IRU + NH'CO3 ". 5 tetes larutan CSO ' + 5 tetes larutan NaNO  +  tetes larutan CH 3COCH 202 Kuat= "%a2an eera#a saat ! En"a#an Kun%ng CNO3, +KNO + CH3COOH ! K3*CNO,@-)KUNING + KNO3+ Atau: CH 3COOK + NO + H O + 8 + + C + NO + 3K + H ! K3*CNO,@-)KUNING + HO + HO e. 5 tetes larutan CSO '

+ 5 tetes HCI

CONC

+ 5 tetes NH 'CNS CONC !(arutan 6%ru

CNO3, + 'NH'CNS ! NH', *CaCNS,'- + 'NH 'NO3

Atau: Ca+ + 'CNS8  + NH'+ ! NH', *CCNS,'(ar. 6%ru 15. NICKE( a. 5 tetes larutan N%SO ' +  tetes larutan Na S ! En"a#an H%ta N%SO' + NaS ! N%S ) HITAM + Na SO' . 5 tetes larutan N%SO ' + 5 tetes NH 'OH N + ? tetes D%et&>lgl>9%;DMG ! En"a#an Mera& CH3 0. 5 tetes larutan N%SO ' + 5 tetes NaOH ! En"a#an H%4au ". 5 tetes larutan N%SO ' + 5 tetes NH 'OH N ! En"a#an H%4au + 17 tetes NH 'OH N ! (arutan H%4au