HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUÇÃO 1. 1. A HISTÓRIA DA ARTE 1. 2. A CRONOLOGIA DA ARTE 2. A DRAMATURGIA 3. CRONOLOGIA DO TEATRO 3. 1 O TEATRO NA ANTIGUIDADE 3. 1. 1 GRÉCIA 3. 1. 2 ROMA 3. 2 O TEATRO MEDIEVAL 3. 3 EXRESSIONISMO 3. 3. 1 CARACTER!STICAS "#SICAS 3. 4 O TEATRO RENASCENTISTA 3. 4. 1 IT#LIA 3. 4. 2 INGLATERRA 3. 4. 3 ESANHA 3. 5 O TEATRO "ARROCO 3. 5. 1 $RANÇA 3. 5. 2 INGLATERRA 3. 5. 3 IT#LIA 3. 6 NEOCLASSICISMO 3. 6. 1 $RANÇA 3. 6. 2 IT#LIA 3. 6. 3 ALEMANHA 3. % ROMANTISMO 3. 8 REALISMO 3. 9 O TEATRO SIM"OLISTA 3. 1& COMÉDIA DELL'ARTE 3. 1&. 1 O TEXTO 3. 1&. 2 O ENCENADOR 3. 1&. 3 O ATOR 3. 1&. 4 O TEATRO 3. 11 ÉS(UILO 3. 11. 1 UM DRAMATURGO DRAMATURGO NAS ENCRU)ILHADAS ENCRU)ILH ADAS 3. 11. 2 ÉS(UILO E O TEATRO TEATRO GREGO 3. 11 11. 3 O $EST $ESTIV IVA AL DE TEATRO DE DE AT ATENA NAS S E SU SUAS CONV NVE ENÇ*E NÇ*ES S 3. 11. 4 AS RIMEIRAS TRAGÉDIAS E A ARTE DRAM#TICA DE ÉS(UILO 3. 11. 5 UMA DIVINA COMÉDIA+ A TRILOGIA DE ROMETEU Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 11. 6 A TRAGÉDIA HUMANA , ÉDIO E AGAMEMNON 3. 11. % CONSTANTIN STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 1 O SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 2 ANTES DA ATUAÇÃO 3. 11. %. 3 ROGRESSÃO DO SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 4 O MÉTODO DA AÇÃO $!SICA 3. 11. %. 5 OUTROS SISTEMAS 3. 11. %. 6 TÉCNICAS DO SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 6. 1 R/00 3. 11. %. 6. 2 C70 :;7<0 3. 11. %. 6. 3 I=7>?0 @0; =07?/07?@0@; 3. 11. %. 6. 4 V7@0@ ?7?7 3. 11. %. 6. 5 A =0/+ O B 7 B C 3. 11. %. 6. 6 A /?07?@0@ @ =0=/ 3. 11. %. 6. % A0 3. 11. %. % STANISLAVS-I E A AÇÃO SICO$!SICA 3. 11. %. 8 IN$LUNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO FSISTEMAF 3. 11. %. 9 LEGADO E ATORES 3. 11. %. 1& "I"LIOGRA$IA 3. 12 O TEATRO DO SÉCULO XX 3. 12. 1 EXRESSIONISMO 3. 12. 2 $UTURISMO 3. 12. 3 TEATRO DA CRUELDADE 3. 12. 4 TEATRO ÉICO 3. 12. 4. 1 A HISTÓRIA DE "ERTOLT "RECHT 3. 12. 4. 1. 1 O:70; 3. 12. 4. 1. 2 T07 É=? 3. 12. 4. 1. 3 I7=70 =?0 3. 12. 4. 1. 4 L?<7; A7?; ;:7 "7/@ "7 3. 12. 5 TEATRO AMERICANO 3. 12. 6 TEATRO DO A"SURDO 3. 12. % TENDNCIAS ATUAIS 3. 12. 8 TEATRILISMO 4 TEATRO "RASILEIRO 4. 1 SÉCULO XVI , TEATRO DOS JESU!TAS 4. 1. 1 DRAMATURGIA DE CATE(UESE 4. 1. 2 TEATRO ANCHIETANO 4. 2 SÉCULO XVII 4. 3 SÉCULO XVIII 4. 4 SÉCULO XIX , TRANSIÇÃO ARA ARA O TETRO NACIONAL Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
22 23 24 25 25 26 26 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 28 28 29 29 29 3& 3& 3& 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 36 3% 4& 41 42 43 44 44
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 11. 6 A TRAGÉDIA HUMANA , ÉDIO E AGAMEMNON 3. 11. % CONSTANTIN STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 1 O SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 2 ANTES DA ATUAÇÃO 3. 11. %. 3 ROGRESSÃO DO SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 4 O MÉTODO DA AÇÃO $!SICA 3. 11. %. 5 OUTROS SISTEMAS 3. 11. %. 6 TÉCNICAS DO SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. %. 6. 1 R/00 3. 11. %. 6. 2 C70 :;7<0 3. 11. %. 6. 3 I=7>?0 @0; =07?/07?@0@; 3. 11. %. 6. 4 V7@0@ ?7?7 3. 11. %. 6. 5 A =0/+ O B 7 B C 3. 11. %. 6. 6 A /?07?@0@ @ =0=/ 3. 11. %. 6. % A0 3. 11. %. % STANISLAVS-I E A AÇÃO SICO$!SICA 3. 11. %. 8 IN$LUNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO FSISTEMAF 3. 11. %. 9 LEGADO E ATORES 3. 11. %. 1& "I"LIOGRA$IA 3. 12 O TEATRO DO SÉCULO XX 3. 12. 1 EXRESSIONISMO 3. 12. 2 $UTURISMO 3. 12. 3 TEATRO DA CRUELDADE 3. 12. 4 TEATRO ÉICO 3. 12. 4. 1 A HISTÓRIA DE "ERTOLT "RECHT 3. 12. 4. 1. 1 O:70; 3. 12. 4. 1. 2 T07 É=? 3. 12. 4. 1. 3 I7=70 =?0 3. 12. 4. 1. 4 L?<7; A7?; ;:7 "7/@ "7 3. 12. 5 TEATRO AMERICANO 3. 12. 6 TEATRO DO A"SURDO 3. 12. % TENDNCIAS ATUAIS 3. 12. 8 TEATRILISMO 4 TEATRO "RASILEIRO 4. 1 SÉCULO XVI , TEATRO DOS JESU!TAS 4. 1. 1 DRAMATURGIA DE CATE(UESE 4. 1. 2 TEATRO ANCHIETANO 4. 2 SÉCULO XVII 4. 3 SÉCULO XVIII 4. 4 SÉCULO XIX , TRANSIÇÃO ARA ARA O TETRO NACIONAL Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
22 23 24 25 25 26 26 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 28 28 29 29 29 3& 3& 3& 31 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 36 3% 4& 41 42 43 44 44
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 4. 4. 1 RIMEIRA METADE METADE DO SÉCULO XIX , ÉOCA ROMKNTICA ROMKNTIC A 4. 4. 1. 1 M07?; 0 0 @?0 @ ;; 4. 4. 2 SÉCULO XIX , ÉOCA REALISTA METADE 4. 5 A HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO AULISTA 4. 6 SIM"OLISMO 4. % MODERNISMO , DÉCADA DE 2& 4. 8 DÉCADA DE 3& 4. 9 DÉCADA DE 4& 4. 9. 1 CONTRI"UIÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA 4. 9. 2 MODERNI)AÇÃO DO TEATRO 4. 9. 3 SERVIÇO NACIONAL DO TEATRO 4. 1& DÉCADA DE 5& 4. 1& 1&. 1 REOCUAÇÃO CO COM A TEM#TICA SOCIAL IAL NO TE TEATRO 4. 11 DÉCADA DE 6& 4. 12 DÉCADA DE %& 4. 12. 1 CENSURA 4. 12. 2 NOVAS ROOSTAS 4. 13 DÉCADA DE 8& 4. 14 DECADA DE 9& 4. 14. 1 COMANHIAS NACIONAIS 4. 15 REVOLUÇÃO NA DRAMATURGIA 4. 16 ESCOLAS DE TEATRO 4. 1% A CONTESTAÇÃO NO TEATRO 4. 18 NOVOS AUTORES 4. 19 NOVOS DIRETORES 4. 2& CENÓGRA$OS ESTRANGEIROS RADICADOS NO "RASIL 4. 21 LISTA DAS COMANIAS DE TEATRO TEATRO "RASILEIRO "RASILEIR O , ATIVAS TIVAS E INATIVAS EXTINTAS. 4. 22 AUGUSTO "OAL 4. 22. 1 $AM!LIA E ESTUDOS 4. 22. 2 TEATRO DE ARENA 4. 22. 3 ARENA E O$ICINA 4. 22. 4 MUSICAIS 4. 22. 5 EX!LIO 4. 22. 22 HOMENAGEM 4. 22. % TEATRO OULAR 4. 22. 8 LIVROS U"LICADOS 4. 22. 9 SO"RE A IMORTKNCIA DE "OAL ARA O TEATRO 4. 22. 1& RMIOS 5 $ONTE DE ES(UISA Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
45 46 4% 48 51 51 51 52 52 52 53 53 53 54 54 54 55 56 5% 5% 58 58 58 59 59 6& 6& 62 63 63 64 65 6% 68 68 68 69 69 %1
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
1. INTRODUÇÃO 1. 1. A HISTÓRIA DA ARTE Por Jorge Coli, O que é a arte, Editora Brasiliense, 1981.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO A; B0/?@0@; 07P;?0; 0: ; ;<?; = @0 ?0 0 @=@7 @ ; @0 =0 @ ;; ?7;; =7 /0; =7 ?77?0 @ B =@; 007 @ FRP@;F. (0 0?; 0? : @;?@ ; ; ;?=/; =7 / 7 =7@?@ 0 ;0 7??0/ 0?; 7 ;7 7P@. E70 ?7;;0; ; ;?@ ; 0; =7??0; @ D0= B 0?@ =7<07?0 / ; 0?; 70<00; :; :70; @ 07 0 0?<0 @ @;707 B : ; 07P;? =7B ? 0? 0/ =/0; F07?@0@;F. D;0 70 @;70; B B0/B7 : =@ ;7 07P;? 0; 0 B / 7 7?@ 0/ ; 70;70; ?77@?0</. S B0/B7 : =@ 707,; 07 =7B B0@ ; @=070; 0 =?0 B0@ 7; 0/; ; ; <0/7 B 7??0/ A?0 ; 07;; 0/00<0 F;0;F @ ;7; ; @=?; @ @?07 =7?0 @0; 0; ?0; @ ?? ?;; ; 70 =;;P</ 0@ =?0; @ :; 7?0@; =/; =7=7?; ;7;. (0@ : @ 0=7@?Q @?0,; 0 7?0 @ ;7 / =@?0 0;=?707 0 ;7 7?@ 0/. N ;7?0 ; 0; : @ @?;P=/ /7 B @ ;7 N ?/?7?0 0/ : @0 0 07 @ ;7 0?; 0 07 @ 0=7@?Q S7?0 0 7??0/?@0@ @0 ?@?0 ;=P7? 7?0?< @00/ =070 7? @ <0/7 07P;? @ : O ;?=/; 0?@0 ;0; ?;?0 =7;; 0 @/; =7?;; D 0 70 70 ?@?0 B =@; ;7 00@; ; @?0 0;;;0@;. S0 7 ?;; ?=@ B ?Y7; B0@7; F0/;;F ? 7?B@ 0; /7; /; @ ;;. A B; @; 0/;; ; /<0 @?70 0 :+ ?; 0 ?707B?0 7 ; :; 07P;?; 0 =?70 @ C070<0? 0?; <0/7 07P;? ;BZ 7? B B0/B7 :70 @ ; @?;P=/. U0 / B =;;0 Monet 7?@0 0? 7 0?; =7;?? @ 70 B =;;0 ; =7; M. O ; B0@7 B0@ =0;;0 @ F07?:P@ 0 R:70F 0 FR:70F 0;; / 7 <0/7 B ?@Q ?0; <Q; =7 ?; 00 7@; 0 707 7? @ 0 @7?0@0 :70. D?P?/ ; ?=;;P</ ;0:/7 =0@7; 0 0<0/?0 @ : 07P;? 7BZ 0; ;0; 07?@0@; @?;7@0 7 ;? 70@ ;? @ ?;700 B ; 77 0 ;7 F07F. N; 0= B0/B7 0?<0 @ 7@07 @?0 ;0?0 7=; @0 07 707 ?0</ 70@ 700;;.
1. 2. A CRONOLOGIA DA ARTE A ?0 @0 L?0 @ T= C7/? @0 H?;7?0 @0 07 <0 7? A A ; =070//0 L?0 @ T= @0 H?;7?0 @0 0?@0@ ;@ B 0; @00; ; 0=0; 07; ?;7?; ?0; <Q; 0=0; @00; 0=7?0@0; @0 </ /70/ ;?0/ @ @ ;0; ?/?Q0;. A A7 0 ? 0 ;7 =07? ;0B. T@0; 0; 77; 07P;?0; ?0 0 ?;?7 @?7; 70; @ </. A A7 7,H?;7?0 =7 =/ ?0 ?;?@ 0 <7?; /07 @ /00 @@ 0 70 @ </ @ 0/0; /70; ?0; @0; B0?; 0?@0 ; B 00; I@0@ @0 @70.
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5
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
2. A DRAMATURGIA A=; <7?; ;@; @0 B0?@0@ @ ;?0; @70?0; ?;; F 0; <; 0=7;0@0; /070 0?; .\ 00; ?7;;; ;?/?;?0 0; B 00 0 07Q0 @0; ?;0; ;0 :;? @ 07. E 0P ; @ @ 70/ 0 770 @ . O ?7; ? =@7 @ =7 ;? ; 7=7;07 ;;07 ;0?;07?0 @ 07; 070/ ;: @? @ ;7 F0/F ; =77?7 0 0/ = F;/07 70/F B ; ;0 @ @ ??7 B ; 0=7;0@. C/B; ? ;?; =7;0; 0 ;?0 07:?77?0 =7;7?0 0 7/0 @ 70; B?/P:7? ?;</. E <0; B 07. A=0; @0; 70; 0 ;;7?0 @??0 @0; 7/0; ; @?;=;??<; <07?0@; B @0P 7;/07 @ ;?0 ;?0 0 B @ ; ?:?/?Q07 [ 0/<Q =7 0@;7? @ @ ;?;0\ 0/<Q =7 ;;0 @ @?;=;??< ;</ ;0?;07?\ 0/<Q =7 77 ;?0 ???0/ =7;;0?0@ =7= 7 P/? [ ;0 0 @;/0. M0; 07;0; 0B?/ B 0;;70 ? @0 =70+ =7?; B ;;; B07 ? =7;0; ;?0 ; B ; 7@?0 0 0?0 0Q7 ;7?7 7 @/; @ @ =0/=?0 ?<7;0/\ @ @ B0/ /; ; =7 ? @0 07 7 70 =/;0. A 7/0 ;/07 ?7;770/ @ ?7; @ 07; 070/ ;;;?<0 @?; ;?@; @?7; ? 0=7;0@0+ =7??7 ?0?0@ 07; @0 0 ;0 0=/?@ :;7<0@ B / ; 70 ; 0/?Q0 ;; ?7; ? @=?; 0 ;?0 @0@0\ ;?@0 /0@ ;; ?7; /0@ ;?0 :;7<0@ B = 0 = / 70 0@0 @ ?<7;. O B <0/ =070 707 0 :70 0 7/0 @00/ 7 ; @0 :70 ; =B Y/ ;/07 @ =7;0 ; ?=707 ; 07 7 ?@ @ 7 =070 0 =7?7?0 ,<7;0. O B ;?? ?7;; 07P;? @ 0 =0 @ 07 =@ ;7 :0;0 @?<7;. E; ?7;; ??@?7 ; <Q; @ ?<7; @0 :70 0:? ?;7? 7? 70/. E?; =7 B ?; 07 @ 077 07 @ ;?0 07 @ 0:? ;?0/ ?;7? 07 @ ?@?0; .\ ?; ;=7 07 =07?0/. U 700@ =/ @ 07 @<7?0 0?07 ;;;?<0 =/ ; @; ;;; 07;+ 07 ?<7; 070/ ; =7;0; /0/ ;=0 ? 7? 0 =;? @ 0 0 0 0; ;?0; @;/0 0 07 @ 07 ;=0@7 0; 07?0; 070?;+ 7? @70? ]?\ ?0/ 0; ;P;;+ 6 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 07 =;?0 07 Y;?0 07 @00\ =070 7?07 @ B ; 7/0?0 ?@?70 0 07+ ;=/; <07?0@; ?7 07?; . S B7; 7007 0B? @ Y? @;; =7:/0;. M0; B ;/; , =7:/0 @0; ;?0; , @ ;:7 0 07Q0 @0 :70 070/ 0 =7= 70 /?0@0 0 ;;?0/. O; 07; /07; @0; ;?0; ; 70;. @ ;7 <? =7?;07 B 0 ;?0 ??70 @0@ ;;?0/ @?>?. A =7;; ;?0 @70?0 @;?0@0 0 0707 : ;; 077 @?>? @< ;7 0@0 ;?@ 070/ : 0=/ 77?0 0 7 070/ ;7?0 @??@. O =7=7? @700 ;???0 0 ? @@0 @ B 0 0 ;0 ;;?0/ ?;0 070/. É =7?; =070 B 00 0 B 0 =70+ F( 0 ;?@0F 0 7;=;0 7;/ 7;0 @0 =7=7?0 ;?0 @; @?0?;; ?7?7; @ 0@0 ?. C00,; 70@??0/ @ F?<0 /0 @70?0F @0 70 /:0/ ?7 0 ;; 070/ 0=7=7?0@0 =070 0707?Q07 0; 70Q; 70?; /0?; @0 ; @0; ;?0; @ =77;; @0 0. 7 7 /0@ B 0707?Q0 @;/0 @?07,; 0 ;?0 @70@70 7/0?<0 ;?0. É 7 ;;0; @0; B @<0 ?07 0 ?<0 @70?0 =7??=0/ 0B/; ; @ 0 =;;?:?/?@0@ @ B ?7; 0 B 7:7 B @ @ 07; @ B0/ 00?; ?0 ?;/0@. U =7:/0 70 ;7 0B?+ @<,; /07 =07 0; ;?0; @70?0; 70; B / ; ??@0 =;0; 0; ;?0; ]?0; N0 70/?@0@ @0; 0; ;?0; 070?; =07??=0 0?; ; @ ; 7 @70? 0 ; 0; ;?0; ]?0; ; ? @?P?; @ ;=0707 @0; ;?0; @70?0; 0;;? =7?; B ; @?0+ 1^ ?; ;?0 ]?0 ;?\ 2^ @0 ;?0 ]?0 =70 ;;07?0 0 =;;?:?/?@0@ @70?0\ 3^ :,; 077 ]? =7 0 7@ 0?<0. 07?;?0 @;0@0 @?>?0 @;;0 @?;. C;BZ?0+ 7@ 2&& ?/ ;?0; @70?0; ;0; @0@ 0: 2&& ?/ ;?0; ]?0;. E? 0 ;?0 @70?0 0 ?70 ;770/ ;:0@0 @0@ @0 0 =7 ;?;0 @ 70;. E;;0; 70; ; ; @70?0; @/0; 0@0 =7;0 ?@ 0.
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7
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
3. CRONOLOGIA DO TEATRO 3. 1 O TEATRO NA ANTIGUIDADE O T07 O?@0/ 7? ; ;?<0?; 7/??;; 7; 70 0 D?P;? 0 =07?7 @ ;/ VII 0.C. O; >?; 70 0@; =7 7 @Q?@ =7 ;/?;0 7?. N ;/ VI 0.C. 0 G7?0 ;7 =7??7 07 B0@ 7? T;=?; @;00, ; @ 7 0<00@ 0 0 7 @ =0/ @/070 ;07 7=7;0@ @; D?P;?. É @0@ =7??7 =0;; =070 07 ; . E R0 ; =7??7; ; ?; @00 @ 364 0.C. A =7??70 =0 70@Q?@0 @ 7 7=7;0@0 24& 0.C. =7 ;70< 0=70@ T07. I?0,; 7=77? 7 ?;70@ =0/0<70 0 ; =0=?; ; 7=7;0@; =7 07; 0;/?; 0;070@; ;70<; /?:7;.
3. 1. 1 GRÉCIA D ;/ VI 0.C. 0 V @.C. A0; ?70 ?;P;70 70?Q0 =7??7 7; @70? 534 0.C.. A=7;0,; @?0; 70@?0; ;?70; @ 0 ?/? B 0 =;?0 ; ;/0 0 0 @00. O 070/ 7700 @ @?<7;0; 0?70; 0; 7/0; 7 ; ; ; @;;. N =7??7 </ @0 ''A7 =?0'' A7?;/; 7/0 0; 770; :;?0; =070 0 07 070/+ 0 =0 @< 7;=?07 0; ?@0@; @ = 0 700 @< @;</<7,; 24 @ /07 ; 7? @ 0 0 ; ?;7?0. A7; 7; , D; 07; @ B ; =;; =0; ??70; É;B?/ ''7 0770@'' 700 @0; 7/0; 7 ; ; ; @;; U?<7;. S/; ''É@?='' E7P=?@; ''M@?0'' 7700 /? @0; =0?; 00;. D ?0/ @ ;/ IV 0.C. 0 ?P? @ ;/ III 0.C. @;00,; 0 F@?0 0?0F @ A7?;0; ''L?;P;700'' B ;0?7?Q0 0; 70@?; 0 =/P?0 0?;;\ 0 F@?0 <0F B M0@7 ''O ?;07='' 7??0 ; ;;. É;B?/ 525 0.C.,456 0.C. 0; 0 0P/?0 :7 0?; /0 70 ; =7;0;. S@ A7?;/; 7?0@7 @0 70@?0 70. E;7< 0?; @ <0 70@?0; @0; B0?; ; ; ?@0; ?70/ 0 00/?@0@ , ''A; ;=/?0;'' ''O; =7;0;'' ''O; ; 70 T:0;'' ''7 0770@'' 0 7?/?0 ''O7;?0'' @0 B0/ 0Q =07 A0 ''A; 70;'' '' E?@;''. S/; 495 0.C,4&6 0.C. < @70 0= @0 /70 70. E;7< 70 @ 12& =0; @0; B0?; ; ; ;7<0@0; 0 7 /0; ''AP0'' ''E/70'' ''É@?= R?''. N;0 Y/?0 É@?= 00 =0? 0;0,; 0 =7=7?0 =7?@ 0 =7?0. I;=?70@ ;;0 ?;7?0 S?@ $7@ 7/0 =/ @ É@?=. E7P=?@; 484 0.C.,4&6 0.C. =7> @ S/; = ; ;0: ;:7 ;0 @0. S0; 70@?0; ?7@Q =7/ =/?0?< 0 @?; 0; =?;@?;. É ;?@70@ 0?; 7? @; 70@; 07; 7;. E ;0 :70 @;00,; ''M@?0'' ''A; 7?00;'' ''E/70'' ''O7;;'' ''A; :00;''. A7?;0; 45& 0.C.,388 0.C 0; A0; G7?0. S0 @0 = ?@0 0; =/ B ;7< ; @@Q B < :0 @0. S:7< ?70/ Q @ 70 @ B070 =0;. V?/0 ;0P7? 7??0 0; ?<0; ;?0?; =/P?0; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO ; @;; @?/; ?/?;. E ''L?;P;700'' 0; /7; 0Q 7< @ ; =070 707 0?;; ;=070; 0 ;0:/7 0 =0Q. E;=0 ? 7 , O; 07; ; ;7P@; 70; @ 770 :0?@0 @70; ;?P7/ =070 0:7?07 0 =/0?0. A 70 @0 =/0?0 00@0 @ 07 @ @??0; 7: @ @?. O =0/ @ :0; ;:7 0 070 @ 0/<07?0 7? ? 7; =70;+ 0 @ =0/? 7\ 0 B /<0 ?@0@ @?7?0\ 0 B <0? =070 0= ;B7@0. E;;0 ;770 @ =0/ =707 0 ? @0 R0;0. N0 0; 70 07; @ E=?@07 =7 @ A0; ; @ =@70 ;?0,; /0?; /<0@; =7?; 0; ;07?; 70 0 D?P;?.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO N0 $700 ; ; 0 ?;7?0; :P:/?0;. A =7?:? @; ?;7?; =/0 I70 1548 0 ?@0@ @70 0 =]7 ? ?;70 0:;?<0 @ /?Y7? @ =70. E;;0 @?@0 ;/?@0 07 ==/07. O; 7=; ; =7?;;?0/?Q0 @?; 7; ; ?0+ 0; @?0; :0; 00@0; @ ;?; /?; ?; =/P?0; ;?0?;\ 0 07;0 0 @ M;7 0/? B ;0?7?Q0 ?@?0. S; =7;0; ;7?=0@; 0 70 ; ?7?Q0@; ; 0?; @ @?0,0,@?0 70=07 <0@// B ;/ XVII ;7 0=7;0@ ; 07; @ ?70. A7; @?<0?; , N ;/ XII J0 "@/ 07 @ ''J @ A@0'' @ ''J @ S0? N?/0;''. O; ?70/; ?/07; @ ''N7,D0'' ;/ XV @ T=?/ R: 0 0 @0 @; ;0;. E ; ?;7?; @0 ''0?'' 145& @ A7/ G7:0 0; 7/??;; =70; ; ?;70. A @?0 =700 70@0 @ 0;. ''O J @ R:? @ M07?'' 12%2 @ A@0 @ /0 H0// @; =77;7; @0 =70 ]?0. E;=0 ? @?<0/ , O ?7?7 @0; ?70; ;0@ ???0/ 07. (0@ 0; =0; 70,; 0?; /0:70@0; ? 0?; ;=0 =0;;0 =070 0 =700 7 ?70. 0/; /07; @ 7@?:?/?@0@ 0; 7?; 70 ;?=/;. U0 =70 ;?:/?Q0 0 ?@0@\ 0 =B0 /<0 0 00\ 0 :0 @ @70 ;B7@0 ?@?0 ?7\ 0 /<0 @?7?0 =070P;. S7 7=; ==/07; B ?=7;0 =0/ 0770; ; @;/0 @ 0 =700 0 70. É 070 @ ;/ X 0 ?P? @ ;/ XV 70@ ?/?0 ;/ XVI. A =7?P=? ; 0@; @700; /?Y7?; /0? ;7?; 7=7;0@; =7 :7; @ /7. O; ??; =07??=0 ?70; 0?; 07@ 07; ?;70 0 /0? 0 /P0 0/0@0 =0P;. A; =0; ;:7 ?/ @0 ;0 @0 0? ; /0; =@@ @707 <7?; @?0;. A =07?7 @; @700; 7/??;; 70,; 7=; ;?=7?;;?0?; /?; B ; 0=7;0 0 70. O; 0; 0?@0 ; 7/??;; 0; ==/07 ?/? ;?0; ?70@0; @ ?@?0. N0 $700 ; ; 0 ?;7?0; :P:/?0;. A =7?:? @; ?;7?; =/0 I70 1548 0 ?@0@ @70 0 =]7 ? ?;70 0:;?<0 @ /?Y7? @ =70. E;;0 @?@0 ;/?@0 07 ==/07. O; 7=; ; =7?;;?0/?Q0 @?; 7; ; ?0+ 0; @?0; :0; 00@0; @ ;?; /?; ?; =/P?0; ;?0?;\ 0 07;0 0 @ M;7 0/? B ;0?7?Q0 ?@?0. S; =7;0; ;7?=0@; 0 70 ; ?7?Q0@; ; 0?; @ @?0,0,@?0 70=07 <0@// B ;/ XVII ;7 0=7;0@ ; 07; @ ?70. A7; @?<0?; , N ;/ XII J0 "@/ 07 @ ''J @ A@0'' @ ''J @ S0? N?/0;''. O; ?70/; ?/07; @ ''N7,D0'' ;/ XV @ T=?/ R: 0 0 @0 @; ;0;. E ; ?;7?; @0 ''0?'' 145& @ A7/ G7:0 0; 7/??;; =70; ; ?;70. A @?0 =700 70@0 @ 0;. ''O J @ R:? @ M07?'' 12%2 @ A@0 @ /0 H0// @; =77;7; @0 =70 ]?0. E;=0 ? @?<0/ , O ?7?7 @0; ?70; ;0@ ???0/ 07. (0@ 0; =0; 70,; 0?; /0:70@0; ? 0?; ;=0 =0;;0 =070 0 =700 7 ?70. 0/; /07; @ 7@?:?/?@0@ 0; 7?; 70 ;?=/;. U0 =70 ;?:/?Q0 0 ?@0@\ 0 =B0 /<0 0 00\ 0 :0 @ @70 ;B7@0 ?@?0 ?7\ 0 /<0 @?7?0 =070P;. S7 7=; ==/07; B ?=7;0 =0/ 0770; ; @;/0 @ 0 =700 0 70.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
3. 3 E"#RESSIONISMO 070 70/ @7; =7;;??;0 ;;?0; 7 0 ; @ @ 0/. S @@0 0 70?; B0 =7;;??; ; ; @?; ; 07P;?; B 0?; 7/ 0 /70 0/. L @ 0?707; B ;; ; ;0 /;?@0@ @ =< 0/ /; 0=0; @;70 7;=?<0 0 =0;;?0/?@0@ 0 ?B?0 ;=?7?0/ @; =<.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
3. 4 O TEATRO RENASCENTISTA D ;/ XV 0 XVI. 7/0,; 0/; =0P;; 0 ?P? @ ;/ XVII. O 07 7@? ??0@ @/; 7,70; ? 00@? /?0 ==;0 ?0 ; 7??0/?@0@. M0; <7?; =0P;; 07 ==/07 0 <0 0 700 @?<0/. A; =0; ; ?0; @ 0 7 ;7 0 7 @0; =7=0;.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
3. 4. 3 ES#ANHA E7 ; ;/; XVI XVII 07 ;=0/ 0 0 0=. A; 770; 7@?0; ; @;=7Q0@0; 0; 70; 7??7?0; @0; 0=7;0; ==/07; ; ?7=70@0; =0; @ 7? 7=?@ 0; B ; 77Q0. T0; ?/?; ?;70@; 0 /; /0?; ; ?=70@; @ ;? 7/??;. A7; ;=0?; , D;00,; $70@ R0; C/;?0 M?/ @ C7<0; N>?0 $/? L= @ V0 ''O /7 ?Q 7?'' @7 C0/@7 @ /0 "070 ''A @0 ;'' T?7; @ M/?0 ''O :7/0@7 @ S/0''. E;=0 ? ;=0/ , A; 0;0; @ ;=/; ; 00@0; @ 770/; =?; =0/ @?<7;; P<?; ; 7?; ?0 7 @ =? :7 .
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
3. 5. 2 INGLATERRA U =7P@ @ 7?; 0 B0@ 0=; 0 R</ 7?00 1642 O/?<7 C7`// 0 ; 07;. E;;0 ;?0 =7@70 0 0 R;070 166&. A7; ?/;; , N ?P? @ ;/ XVII @;00,; J W:;7 ''A @B;0 @ M0/?'' J $7@ ''( =0 B /0 ;0 0 =7;?0''. D=?; @0 R;070 ; ; 0?; ?=70; ; ; @; /0:70@7; $70?; "0 J $/7 ''?/0;7''.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO @ ?7 T70=0;;? ;7< /@700; ;/; 0; @ 7?/ ?0?0 ==/07; /?:7; @ =70 @/; ''A70;7;'' ;?0@ =7 0?; @ 1&& =;?7;.
3. 6. 3 ALEMANHA N0 70@0 @ ;/ S7 @ D70 T=;0@ != 0Q 0 70;? 7 70?0/?; ?/??;0 ?0/?; 7>?. A7; 0/; , J0 W/0 < G ''$0;'' $7?@7? < S?//7 ''D C07/;'' ''W0//;?'' H?7? < -/?; ''-0 < H?/:7'' ?/?07 0; 70; ;?; @; ; =0P;;.
3. 7 ROMANTISMO 7??70 0@ @ ;/ XIX. C 0 0;; @0 :7;?0 0=; 0 R</ $70;0 07 0@0=0,; @00 @ ; @ =Y:/?. A =0 ;7?0 7>?0 </? @0 70@?0 0; @0 @?0 ;?;0 B 70:0/0<0 =7;0; 70?; ;?0; 0?; =7?0; @ @?0,0,@?0. O; @700; 0@B?7 ;770 ? /?<7 0 /?=/??@0@ @ =?;@?; 77Q0@; B ; @;</< 070<; @ 0; 70; @?<7;; /0?;. H 0 70@ <0/7?Q0 @ 07 @ S0;=07. N ''7? 0 D700'' C7`// 182% V?7 H 70 <; =7?P=?; =070 07 B = =7?0 H70? R? "/0;+ 0:0@ @0; ?@0@; 07?;/?0; @;=7Q =/0 770 @ F: ;F B ?=@?0 0 ?:? @ 0; 0;\ 70 @0 /?0 :7 70 =/ ; @ ;7; /B?0?; ==/07;\ =77?0 =7 0; 70P@; @0 ?;7?0 7=?0. A7; 7>?; , M?0; =0; ; ?0; 0=0; =070 ;7 /?@0;. N ''L7Q0?'' @ A/7@ @ M;; ''C07'' @ A/7@ @ V?a =7@P? @0 ;:7 0 70Q\ 0 070 =/ 0;? ?;7?; ?\ ;? 0?0/?;0 ? 7. O; 70;; ?/?0+ ?0/?0; V?7? A/?7? ''S0/''\ ?/;; /7@ G7 "a7 '''M07? $0/?7'' 7a S//a ''O; C?''\ ;=0?; J; )7?//0 ''D J0 T7?''\ =7;; A/?@0 G077 ''$7? LP; @ SQ0''. E;=0 ? 7>? , U0 <Q 0?; 0 =70 7?:? =070 7?B? @0; 0;+ T07 @0 Ó=70 @ 07?; ?77,L C?7? L?; D077 ?<7 @0 70?0 7</?0 0 ;7 @ 7?; 0 ?0 @0 ?/?0 :0; @ ; ; 77;; =070 0 =7@ @; ?; ;=?0?;.
3. 8 REALISMO N0 ;@0 0@ @ ;/ XIX /@700 :7; 7= ?@0/?; 7>? @ =77?0 0 ?;7?0; =7>0; =7:/0; 70?; @ =7;0; ;. A =07?7 @ 18%& =7 ?/?0 @ 070/?; B < 7 @0; =7;;; :?/?0; ;?0?; ; @7007; ;70 =7;0; @??0@; =/0 7@?07?@0@ =/ ?. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
15
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO A7; 70/?;0; , N0 0; @ 70;? ''T;0'' @ V?7? S07@ ''O = @'0'' @ E_ S7?: ''A @00 @0; 0/?0;'' @ A/0@7 D0; $?/ 0:?0 @70. M0; ; =7;0; 0?@0 =70 ?=?0 7>?. N0 0; /070 70/?;0 @?007B; H7a I:; @?; 0 ;?0 ;?0/ @0 /7 ''C0;0 @ :0;'' 0 ;7@?@Q @; ?7;;; 7?0?; 0 @;;?@0@ 0@??;70?<0 0 ?=7?;?0 :7;0 ''U ??? @ =<''. N0 RY;;?0 N?/0? G/ ''O ?;=7 70/'' ;0?7?Q0 0 77= =770 :77?\ A T< ''O 07@? @0; 7?70;'' A/;0@7 O;7<;? ''A =;0@'' 7700 0:? =7?0 0 =0;;?@0@ @; ?@?
?0 0 ;=7??0/?@0@ @0 ;?@0@ 7?00\ G7 "707@ S0` ''?0/?'' ''O @?/0 @ @?'' 700 =7?/ 7@0Q @ ;; =7>;. H7a I:; 1828,19&6 0; 0 N70 ?/ @ 7?0 0/?@ ;@0 ;Q? =070 7 0;; ?<7;?@0@. D?7? T07 N7; @ -7?;?0?0 00/ O;/. V?00 =070 0 I/?0 0; @;=;0; =00; =7 0 :/;0 / ;7< 7; =0; B ; 0/, 0?0; 0 N70. $?0 7;?@?0 M?B ; </0@ 0 ; =0P; 1891. É 0 A/00 B ;7< ''C0;0 @ :0;'' ''U ??? @ =<''. A T< 186&,19&4 ?/ @ B?0@?7. E 18%9 =07 =070 M; 0 :/;0 @ ;@; =070 @??0. 070//0 ;7< ?. S; ; ;70 ?@?0 @ =< 7;; ; 7 0; :70;,=7?0; @ 7. E7 ;0; =0; @;00,; ''A 0?<0'' ''O 07@? @0; 7?70;''. É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
3. O TEATRO SIM$OLISTA Por nna Bala!ian O "i#$olis#o. "%o Paulo,Perspecti&a, 198'.
N0; ?;7?0; @ ;?:/?;0 ; @ ?0 0 0 07 B ; 7?? @/. E:70 ?;0 <7?; ;@; @; /; 0:7@0 0 @ = @ ;0 @ @;</ 070/ <Q @ =? @7 @ /??; 0?0?; /07 @0 <00;0 =7;=?<0 ,0?0/?;0. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
16
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO $? 0 ;770 @70?0 @; ;;;; 0?; <7@0@?7; @70@7; B ;?:/?;0 7? =070 0 =;?0 ;770 B ?0 0/ @ <7; ;7? P?. A; 0; B ;?:/?; 70/?Q 0 ;7?70 @ <7; 0@0 ; ? B0@ =070@0; 0; 0;;0/; ?; 70 @70?0. T@00 ?7]? B ? 0 <0?; @0; =/0?0; 0 Q:07?0 @; 70/?;0; 0; ; 7?; 7@?; /?; @; ;=?0/?;0; @ 07 B 070 ;707 =7 ? @/?7 07 ;?:/?;0. T7; ; ; 0?7; @?; @ 07 ;?:/?;0+ N0 0707?Q0 0 =7?@0@ @ ?7=70. $0/0 @ 7?; /? A 70 7;/< @ ?@=@ @ ; E; ?= @ 07 ?0 ?@/?0 C?;0 ? 070 0; 0B/ ?;7? ?;; 7=7;0<0 0 0/0 7. D = @ ;0 =? 07 ;?:/?;0 7BZ 0?; : ;@?@ @ <7; ; 70/?Q07 ; :?<; ;?:/?;0;. A 0:?Z?@0@ @ @?;7; =@ ;7 7=7;0@0 @?0 0 7/0 BP<0 7 0; =7;0; ; :; B 0; 70 07 ;?:/?;0 : @70?<\ / ; 0/? =070 7?7?Q07 0 ; ;:/?07 ? @;=07 =0=/ 0 ;:77 @ 0?; ?=7;P<?;. C@ 07 @ ;?:/?; ; @;</< @?70 @ M0//07 0; @ ; 70 ;?:/?;0 B 7=?? ; ; @0 =7 <7:0/ ;0/ 7?7?Q0 @; ?7@?; B ;? =@7 @0 Y;?0\ ?0 70?0/ ?0 @0 ?0?0 @ ; ;:?<0. S7?@:7 I:; T/;? S0;=07 70;0<0 /070 0 0 070/ /0/ @ 07 070/?;0. L, 7 0 ;;?@0@ @ < ? @ 07 =7=07 77 =070 07 ;?:/?;0 0 0;07 ;0; 0@??0; 0 07 ;07? 0?; /07 =070 @?0 @ B =070 =7@?0. Lc I7;0 0 =7?;?@0@ @ 07 ;?:/?;0 =/0 /070 =7?0 B0@ /0@0 ;@ ; =0@7; ;?:/?;0;. O 0 0:;70+ 0 =7=7?0 7. T@0 0 <7@0@?70 ;?:/?;0 ; B0/B7 /0/?Q0 ;=??0 07?0/?Q0 @0 ?@?0. O B ; ;?:/?Q0 0 0;?0 0 =0;;0 @/0 070<; @ @7 7 0; =;;0; B ; / @0; 70 =0;;0 ?@0@; ;=070@0; 0; 0 ?@0@ ;?]?0 @/0@,; 7 ;? 7=?@,; ;0 0/0 0 0 ;?=/; 07?0 <Q @ 0 B0/B7 /? =;;0/ =07?/07. A 0?7 7?:? @ M0/? 0 07 ;?:/?;0 ? //0; M/?;0@. T0: ; 0; 0 7@ 0; =7;0; ; ;7?=0@0; ; 7??0/?@0@. A =0 700 @ 7 7?>/+ @?; ?7; 00 0 ;0 /7 B ; 0;0@0 @/;. A =0 0 7 0;0/ @ 7? 0 7P0 7?0 0 070/ :70 =7070 7 @;0. A; =7;0 7/ ;:7 B0/B7 0? 0= 0 70@?0 7;/0 @ 700;; @0; =0?; 00; @0 00 @; @;;. N ;?:/?; , 0 ?/;?0 @ S=07 0 B0/ 70@ 0??@0@ , ; 0?; 0 <Q 0; 70; 7?7; B ;0=0 0 7/ @0 <0@ @ /0 7 0 @0 0 7 @?; =/; @0 7? ?;7?;0 ?=/?<?; =070 / 7/0@; =/ 00;. T0: = / B ; 0/ @ 7/ 0. O 077 @7??;0 =7@?0?; @0; 70; 7?7; 7?70 @ 0 @ =7=;? :?< <0@ ;???0@ @ B0/B7 F= @ @;F B ; B7?0 07. T0 ;?:/?; B0 070/?; ; ; ;?@ 07?0/?;0;. O; ?;;0; ;7; ?; =7 @?77; 70; ?<?<; 0=0Q; @ 7?07 ?; ?; @ ?/?0 @70 0?0@; 0 ;0@ @ ;=P7? @0; =0; ? B ;0; ;0 7=7;0@0; @ <Q B0@ 0?;0; @ FT07 @ 07F. A ; 7;=? 07 ;?:/?;0 7:?@ 0 ?=70 0@0 =7 =07 @; • • •
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17
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 0<00@; =7;;; 7?; B =@ =7;;07 ?0 0; ?/;; @?P?; @ ; ;?7 =0/.
3. 1! COMÉDIA DELL'ARTE $70 070/ Y?0 @ @;</<,; 0 I/?0 XVI ;/ @?@?,; @0 E7=0 ; ;/; ;;;?<; 0 C@?0 @//c07 7?:? 0 ;7 @ 07 @7. T07 ;=0/07 :0;0@ 0 ?=7;0 ; @ ;070; =7;0; ;7?=0@; 7 7?7;0 0?070/?;0 0??0/?;0.
3. 1!. 1 O TE"TO O B 0?; 070? /07 =7> 0; /?70; @; 0<0? @0 @?0 @//c07 0 ?;?;?0 @/; B ; 77 0 Y@. S@ 0 @?0 ;=/ /?0@ 7 7; <0/7; 0; ;070; 0 ;=0/07?@0@ @0 7?0 0:?/?@0@ @; 07; 0 =7;0 @0 /7; 0 0 ... ?0 ;;?@0@ @ =7 @7007?0; =/07; @0@; @ Y@; ;?/;. O 0<0? @0 :@7 0 7B?;?; @ 7 ?= @; ?0?; 0 ;=/+ /07Q0 =07; B?<0/; =070 @; ; 07; </@; ;7 700@ =;;?:?/?@0@ @ ?;7?7 /0QQ? @00; 0; @?;=?:?/?@0@ 0 ;7 @??0@. A ?0 @ ?=7; B 0 @?0 0@ =7;?@? @ 7/0; B 0?/?0;; 0 07 ; 70:0/. D?/; ??7; ?;?0 ?; @/; ?=7;;; =070 ;7 ;0@; ; /07; <?; @ 0@0 @?0. T0?; 70 0; =7? ;? =7??70; ;0P@0; ; ? ?; ;0/? 0; ;0@0; 0; 0/@?Q?? 0; 0/@?;. N0 ;0 0; 70 ;=/ @0 @?0 @//c07 ?0 7@?07?0 7; 0; =7@?@; @ =7/ /?0@; 7 ;? =7 70; @ @00 0 07;0 00@; /0QQ? /0? /0;. A ?7?0 07;0 B =/7 ; /??; 70 /?07 Y?0 0 @?0 0?;0 0; Y/?=/0 =070//0 0@?0+ A 00 " " 00 C C 00 D B =7 ;0 <Q 00 A.
3. 1!. 2 O ENCENADOR O ;=/ @0 @?0 70 ;7P@ 7?7 ;: 0 7?0 @ 707 B?<0/ @ @?77 @ 07 @7 @ 7 @ ; ?;=?70@7. AB/ =7 ;0 <Q ?0 @?;=;? ;7?; 7;0; @ ;07? ?@@; 7?7; @ ;=/; ;7<0@; =7; 0 ;=7?7 0 ?;\ ?; 0?@0 ?; ; 07B?<; ?0/?0; ;70?7; ;7 7 ;?@ 077/0@;.
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18
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 1!. 3 O ATOR O 07 0 @?0 @//c07 ?0 =0=/ @00/ 0:@,/ ; 0 ?7=70 @ 0; 0: 0 ?0 ?=7;0 ?<0 @ ;. M0/0:07?; 0 7 ?; 70 ??@; ?0 0 07. O ; @0; 0;070; /;?<0 =070 ; ; 0707?Q0<0 ; =7;0; 70/ @ 7? ==/07+ ; Q0? 7 ; 0?; 0;; <0/ 0 =0 ?07 A7/B? 00/ "7?/0. A 7 700 0 B0?@0@ @ @?0/; ?;; 0 I/?0 @ ;/ XVI :7?0<0 07 0 7 ; @0 P?0 B 7,; @; 0?; ?=70; 07; @ 00 ;=/. O 07 0 @?0 @//c07 =7?;0<0 7 F0 = =/;?0 @ 07F ??@0 @0; 0; 70; @ 7=7;0 0 7?0 0=0; @ =;0; @ ;?; 070<; @ ; P? @0 @00 @0 07:0?0 ;0 0; ;;?@0@; 0;;? ? @ 0 <7@0@?70 70?0 =/;?0 0/ @;;; @; @ ;=P7? B 0?/?0 B0/B7 ?=7;0 0/0@0 B 0@0 ;=/. A 7 7;=;0:?/?@0@ B ?0 07 @;</<7 ; =0=/ =0;;07 @ = =7 0 ;=?0/?Q0 @ ; /??0@, 0 @;</<7 0 ; =7;0 0 0,/0 0 0 7. A ?0 :;0 @ 0 /?0 =70 070/ /< 7 0 @?;0?0 0@0 <Q 0?7 @0 70/?@0@. A @?0 ? ?=70 ;:7@ 70 @ 07 0 0 70 @ 00@ 07???0/?; /?77? =070 @;707 B 0/ @ @70? 7; 07; ; ;???0?<; 07.
3. 1!. 4 O TEATRO D@ 0; 7?; 70 ==/07; 0 @?0 @//c07 =7 / = @?;=; @ ;=0; =7=7?; =070 0; 0;. 0/; ?=7;0@; =700; =Y:/?0; 70 ; /07; @ 0 0?7?0 @0; <Q; 77?0 ;=/. S XVII ;/ ; 0;;? ;=70@?0 0 @?0 0 7 0;; 0; 07; B ?0 0 ;770 ?=?0 70;?;0 @ 70 7=7;0@; ;=/; 7@?;. J ;/ XVIII 0 7 ==/07?@0@ @; ?= @ 7=7;0 7 0 0:770 @ <; ;=0; =070 0; =0?0; 070?;. E VQ0 =7 =/ ?;?0 ; 07;+ @?; ;070@; =70 ;7?0 @?; =70 :0 7; @?0.
3. 11 ÉS(UILO 3. 11. 1 UM DRAMATURGO NAS ENCRU)ILHADAS N 0 @ 525 0 C.. C0:?;; ?<0@? E? É;B?/ 0;. C0@0 ? 7</0 =0@7 @ =70. O @ É;B?/ ? @ ;07 ;=7 /0@ 7 @?; @; =7?P=?;. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
1
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO DQ 0; 0; B É;B?/ ?Q;; ;0 ;7?0 @7007 0@ 49& ;0<0 0 =/0P? @ M0700 7= @ 0?;; B 7=/? 0; ;; @ 0?7 ?=7? @ ; =. A; 7?0 ? 0; 70 7? 0?0/. DQ 0; 0?; 07@ 0 ==/0 @ A0; ? :7?0@0 0 0:0@07 0 ?@0@ B ? =/0 @;7P@0 =/ ?<0;7. A ?/?Q0 /?0 ? ;0/<0 =/0 ;0 :00/0 0<0/ @ S0/0?0. É;B?/ /:7 0 7?0 ;:7 ; =7;0; ;7<@ ? 0; @=?; O; 7;0;. O ;=7 =? @ ;0; =0; ; @?/ 0/0@ ;0; ;?0; @ ?>?0 =0? =7 0 0 ?@0@ 7?0. H ;0 :70 ;?@ @ 7;/ ??;+ =7?P=? 7 ;=7 < ;; /?; ?/;?; ?;. N 0 / ; =7;0; 00 ;?@ @770@; 0 G7?0 0 ; 0?07 =070 0 <0 7?;. S0 ?@0@,E;0@ 70,; ?=7? 0 /0 =/0 ?0 0 0 =07 =0 B ;7< ; =7??7 @700 =7;7<0@ A; ;=/?0;. É;B?/ ?/ @ 0 0?0 0P/?0 ;0<0 0 /0@ @0 :7Q0 @? @ 707 ;0 =;? <0 7@ ;0:; B 0/ @;@;0 @ < =@7 <70; 0@<P?; 7 A770@ 07@?0<0,; B 0 @ 7 =7@?@ =7? @ 7; =070 ; 7?<0/ 0?; < S/; 468 70<0 0 ;70 @ 0 7=7;; =/P?0. A ?;070 @0 <0 7@ 0?? 0 A7=0 O ;=7 7?:0/ @ A0; @;=0@, @ ?0; @0; ;0; =7770?<0; 0?; ?=70;. É;B?/ ; 0 70@?0 @ O7;; A; E?@; =070 0=?07 0 ?;?? <0?/0. M0; 0 ;0 0:7@0 7/?? ?0 B 0?; 0 0 B0/?@0@ ;???0@ @ ;0; 70@?0;. E <0 70; =;0@ 7 @?; @; =?; É;B?/ 0 ; = P;? 7?0/ =70 :7 ?/; /? E:70 0=7; 070@0; ;/00; ; Y/?; =70; @ I;70/ ;0 = @ @?@0@ =;0 =/ 70?0/?; /?. É;B?/ @?;=; =/?P; @ ; = 0<7 @ P;. I<;?0@ =7:/0 @ ;7? 0 ;0 Y/?0 7?/?0 É;B?/ 0 /; @ B 0/ 0 ?<0 @; @;; B @;7? 0 /??@0@. A 70Q 770 0 :0 <0@ ; ; =?/07; @ =7??7 ;?;0 70/ B 70 =7;; 07. $? 0 ? =7@0 7/??;0 @ ; =;0 B @?7? @; =7>; 0?; <;. U0 = /00@0 7 0 7/?? =7???<0 0 ?/;?0 =;7?7.
3. 11. 2 ÉS(UILO E O TEATRO GREGO É;B?/ ;;0<0 770 B ;0; 70@?0; 70 0=0; 0?0; @ :0B @ H7. C ? 0 0?7?0 @0; 70@?0; =;;? 0; B0/?@0@; 7?0; P= @ ;0; =0;;0; 0770?<0; 0 ;070 7?0 @; 0707;. M; ; =7;;; ?7@Q?@; =7 T;=?; 0; =0; 0?@0 70 0?; B 707?; 0?0@; 7 ?/?0@; =/0 =;?0 /?0 B ??0 0=00 ?;70/ =/0 =;?0 70/ ;=/0@0 =7 =7;;?<; ; @ @00. O 07 P;? 0: ; 0=7;0<0 7@?07 =0/ 0/ ; 70 =70?0 ??;. N<0 = B ; 0?; ; @?@ É;B?/ =7?;0<0 ;/7 7 B0; 7?0/ 07 7 7 @700. M; @ 00@0 =7@?/ =/ 7 =/0; @00; É;B?/ 70:0/ =070 007 0; =07; 7=7;0@0;+ ; F=?;@?;F B Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
2!
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 7??07?0 770 =07; @ @700 0; ;?=/; 0=@?; @ ;. U 7 70@ =0;; 0 </ @0 70@?0 ? 0 ?7@ @ ;@ 07. É Y?/ /:707 B 0; 07; F/?=/?0<0,;F ; @ ;070; 0/ B ?; @ /?@; =@?0 ;7 7?0@; ; @ =07??=0; F@;F @ 7. É;B?/ ?@0<0 @0; @00; 7?0<0 ; =7=7?; 7; ?/?Q0<0,; @ 77;; 0; =0;0; @;70@ ; / @?77 0@7 0Q@ 0=/ ; @ ?; B 0??70 P</ 70 /<0@ ;?@70@,; ; ;0;;; 77;; ?; @0 =0. D;0B 7 0 @ É;B?/ 7?07 ; ?7?; ;0:/@ =070 /; 0707; @00?;. $?Q @ ;; 07; ?70; 0?; ?=7;;?0; ?/?Q0@ ;070; =7;;?<0 =?0@0; 0=7?0@ ; @ ;0=0 @ 0/0; ;/0; 7. C07 0 ?7@ ; B 7@?0/ @ 0 70?0 ? =0;; B ? <7;?/ @ 0?/?@0@. A @70 @ =0/ ;0 0 ;7 ?0 7, ; =70 0 ?/?Q0 @ B?0; B ;?70 :@ :; ?; ?;.
3. 11. 3 O &ESTIVAL DE TEATRO DE ATENAS E SUAS CONVENÇ*ES T@ B0@ ?;P;70 70;7? 0? 7Y;? ;?<0/ @??;P0 @; 7; =070 A0; 7?0@ 0; D??;?0; U7:00;. O7 ;?<0/ 0?; 0? L?00; 0: 0 ?/?7 0 7;; 7?; B0 ]?;. A; D??;?0; U7:00; C0<0 <7?; 7?0?; 7/??;; 7?;;; /; 0 707 0 0; 0?; /?0@0 =7=7?0 0 07 0 7;;. D?; @?0; 70 7;7<0@; =070 0; =7<0; @??7>:?0; @?0 ; @?0; ?; @7007; 0 =?\ 7; @?0; 70@?0 . S?; @?0; 70 @<0@; 0 70@ ;?<0/\ ? 0=; 431 0.C. [ ?; 0=7;0; @?7?0; @70 ; Y/?; 7; @?0; [ 7; 70@?0; F@700 ;0P7?F /? =/0 0 0 @0; @?0; 07@. T7; @7007; =?0 =/ =7? @ 70@?0 0@0 7; 70@?0; @700 ;0P7? ;@ B 0; =0; 70 0?; ; 77/00;. A; =0; 70 ?@0@;0 ;/?0@0; =7 ?7? =Y:/? 07 B 0: ;/?0 ?7=7 =7??=0/ F=70?;0F I@?00 0; @ 7; 0 7@ @; 77; 70 @7?0@0 =7 ;7? 0 ; 7? ; <@7; /0@; =7 0 ?;; 0: ;/?@0 =7 ;7? 70 70@; ?7/0@0; @ 70. ;0@0 =0700@; ; ; @; 07; 7?; 70 ;;07?0 /; ;; ;; 0=/;. N0 <7@0@ @@ 0; @?;; @; 07; 0 07; 70 ;/?@; =7 ;0; <Q;. O; :; 07; 70 =770@; B / 070 ??7 ;0/7?; 7; B0@ 0/ @700Y7? ; 7070 ;0;; 0 ?7=70 0;;? ?=7>?0 0?@0 0?7 B =7=7? @700. T0/ ; 07; 7 0=7;0<0,; <07?0@; ?7?; ;0<0 ;070; 0=7=7?0@0; ?@0@ ; =7;0/?@0@ @0; =7;0; 7=7;0@0;. O 7 0: 00<0 @70 @ = =?; 0/0; <Q; ;0<0 0 0/0 7?0?<0 0 ; /B?0/ 0 @?7??7,; 0; 07;. O ; @ 7 07 7 ?0 =7 7 ;0; @;<00; =?; 70/0<0 ?77=?0 0; =07; @70?0; @0 =0. M0; 7?B?0 0; B0/?@0@; ;=0/07; @ =0/ 7 B /< ;7?7; 0 =0707 0 70@?0 /;;?0 0 =70 @70.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 11. 4 AS #RIMEIRAS TRAGÉDIAS E A ARTE DRAM%TICA DE ÉS(UILO A; <7@0@?70; 0; @ 07 0?; ; ?77@?0</ =7@?@0;. D 70:0/ @ @; ; @7007; B 0070 ; =7?; 00?; ;:7<70 0=0; 0; =0; @ É;B?/ S/; É7?=?@; A7?;0; ; 0;;? =7 0=0; 0 70 @0; ;0; :70;. C@ 0; @ É;B?/ 0; 70@?0; 70;; ; : @?;7?:P@0; 0 / @ @0 0 077?70 /00 /Q ;?? ;:7 0 </ @ ; ;?/ =;0. É;B?/ ;7 @ =?7;. S0; =7;0; ; 7?070; /7?@0; ?0; @/0; ;:7070?; 7?0?; :7:070; ;0; 0/0; ; 0:@0; 70;. S =77;; 0 07 @< T7 ;?@ 707@?07?0 70@0/ 0 <Q B 0; =7??70; =0; 7</0 70@ =7=@7>?0 @ ?7<; 70?; 0=0; ; Y/?; 70:0/; ;70,; : 0B?0@; 0 @70?0. S =7??7 70:0/ 70; A; S=/?0; =7<0</ 0 =7??70 =0 @ 0 7?/?0 0?@0 ;70 /0@ @700 70/. H 0?7 ?7;; B0 0 ;@ @700 70;+ O; 7;0; ;7? 4%2 0.C. 700 @ 0 =7? =7> ? :0 0@0 =070 @;=707 7<7 =07??.
3. 11. 5 UMA DIVINA COMÉDIA+ A TRILOGIA DE #ROMETEU O 0 @ 7 A770@ @0; =0; =7@?@0; B 0=00<0 70 D; =;;0. T70:0/ ?;BP</ 70;:7@0 @ :/Q0 7/ 70;?70@ =7 ;;0 =7;0/?@0@ ;=70 ?;=?70@70 7 7:/@ 70 D; 0? @ . S0 70@?0 =7?= @ 0 /0 ;7? @ @700; ;:7 /?:70/?;. O 0 @0 7?/?0 =07 ;7 0 </ @ D; =7? @0 /? @0 ;;?@0@. D ?70 < </07?; ); <7,; <70 0@7 / @?<7; @ ); @0 I/P0@0 B0 J< @ I;0P0;.
3. 11. 6 TRAGÉDIA HUMANA , ÉDI#O E AGAMEMNON A=; ;0:/7 0 =7@?0 70/ ?<7; ; 7;0<0 0 É;B?/ 0Q7 B 0 <0@ @;0 =7<0/;; 7 ; ;. N0 =7??70 @/0; 0 70@?0 @ É@?= É;B?/ 7; 0; =/?0; =7,0:7?0@0; ? 0/ @0 <?0/ 7?0 70 @0 0/@? 0?/?07. N; O; S C70 T:0; @?0 =7?0 /07 B 0 7@?07?@0@ = 0?; B 0 =7@?;=;?. O; 7?; ?@; =/; @;@; @ 77= L0? ; 7;/0@ @0 0:? 7?<0/?@0@ ?;?? =7@P? @0 /? 70/ @70 0 ?@0@ /@7?0. É;B?/ ;0<0 0/0@ <0; ?;?@0@; O; S C70 T:0; 0 </07,; =070 0 70@?0 00 ?@?@0/. C 0 =? @;0 ;0/0@0 < 0; @=?; ;0 Y/?0 0?7 7?/?0. A O7;?0 0=7;0@0 458 0 C. @?; 0; 0; @0 7 @ 07 <0 0 70@?0 @0 0 0;0 70/.. T700 0?; 0 <Q @ 0 0/@? 7@?7?0 B < ?P? 0 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO <0 @ @0 /@0. E;0 7?/?0 70@0 =7+ A0 B ;7
3. 11. 7 CONSTANTIN STANISLAVS-I C;0? S0?;/0<;? 7;; defghifhjf klmnllojp khifjgqiogrjs =;@]? @ -;0? S7? A/;?< M; 5 @ J0?7 @ 1863 t M; % @ A; @ 1938 ? 07 @?77 @ 07 7;;. A7 @;@ ; 07Q 0; ? @; @0@7; @ T07 @ A7 @ M; 7?0@7 @ S?;0 S0?;/0<;? @ 00 70/?;0 :0;0@ 070/?@0@ ?@/?@0@ ?;7?0 :;0 @ 0 <7@0@ ?0 B 0?@0 :;? 0 07 @0 7=7;0. N0;?@ 0 0P/?0 7?0 @ =0? 70 ?@;7?0/ ;0 0 07?Q 70;0 7; 0:? B 0 07 70 ? <0/7?Q0@0. S0 =7??70 0=7;0 77 B0@ 0?@0 ?0 ; 0;. L ?P? @ ;0 077?70 0; 14 0; =7<0</ ?? @ =7;7<07 @0 0P/?0 =; B 0 0?@0@ @ 07 70 : ;0 0@ ;:7 S0?;/0<;?. E 0/0; 70@; ; ;7? u-;0? S0?;/0<;av. E:70 ;0 @;0?0@ 0=7; 0/0; 0 <Q 0 =7;; 7=70/ ;=70 ;;0; @???0; ;0 @ ?0;</ =7?0. E 1888 S0?;/0<;? @ 0 S?@0@ L?77?0 A7P;?0 @ T07 @ M0/a @ 0 =7??0 @ =0/ 00. DQ 0; @=?; 1998 ? ,@0@7 @ T07 @ A7 @ M; M-AT 0 V/0@??7 N?7,D0. A/? ? @?77 @ A C< B 7,;,/ @?;P=/. A =0 A G0?<0 ? @0; =7??70; 0=7;0; @ 0:; 0/?. L 70/?Q 0; 7<?; 0=; 0 R</ R;;0 O T7 "/?@0@ 192% O/ A/0; M70; 1932. D 1922 0 1924 0 7 ?70?0/ @?</0 ; @ @ 7=7;0 0=7;0 ; 7= :70; @ I:; S0;=07 "0070?; G/. W 1936 ;7< A 7=070 @ A7 0 ;? ;7< A C;7 @ 7;0 :70; 0@0@0; ;/0; @ 07 @ @ @. M77 M;. A/? T07 @ A7 ? B 0 @;</<7 ; 0; w S/0 S0//v :0;0@ 0 70@? 70/?;0 @ A/;0@7 ;?. 7BZ 00@ w@v ?; 0 <7@0@ 0 ?=7?; ?0 =?; M@ ? @;</@ 0 =07?7 @0B/. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 11. 7. 1
O SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I
(0@ 0 007 S0?;/0<;? ;0<0 ; </0; @0; 70; @?;?0; @ 7=7;0 B 07070 0 </ @;0 07 ;/ XIX+ 07 70@??0/ :0;0 ;?/?Q0@ @ 07 ?:?0 ;; 0@0 70/?;0; 0 ?0 7,;7?@0 @ 7=7;0 70/?;0. O @?77 :;7< ; 70@; 07; @ ; = 0/ @ 07 0; =7=7?0; =7??0;. C;0 B 0B/; ?7=7; 0?0 @ 70 070/ ???<0 [ 0; B 0@0 00 0=0Q @ 70@Q?7 ;0; 00; =0/0<70; B ;; 0=0Q @ =7=07 0B/ ?. R;/< =70 7?07 ;?;0 B ; =0;; ; 70; 70; 0?@0 ;7< @ :0; =070 0 70 @ @ : 07. E; S?;0 ;7? 7;/0@ @0; @Y@0; B < S0?;/0<;? ?0 7/0 0 70:0/ 0=7;0@ =7 70@; 07; 0 B 0@?70<0 M07?0 b7/<0 T0; S0/?. E;;; 07; =07?0 =707 =0@7 @?;? @ @; ; @0?; 0?@0 0;;? =07?0 ;07 ;:7@?0@; 0 ; @ inspira(%o B0@ 00<0 @ 70 70/P;?0 0 =0;; B 70; ;; @;=; =07?0 0=0; 70Q<?; 70 =7?;;. S0?;/0<;? ;?@70<0 0 00 @ b7/<0 =? @0 arte c)nica. E =0;; ;0 @0 0 7?07 @ 770; @?77?Q; 7P?; , 7?@; @ 70 ;?;?0 , B =@;; @07 0 B0/B7 07 F?;7F B0/ =@;; 007 @ 70 /7 =;;P</ 0/ @ ;?7 0/ 7/ P;? ;:7 ;? ;. S0?;/0<;? =7 naturalis#o B ; 07?0/?Q0<0 @700?0 B;; 70?; ?; ?@?00; 0; 0:7@0; =;?/?0; 0 :;0 @ 0 =7;;?@0@ realista @ ?;; @ 70 : ;?=/; 0 =7?0 0; @ =/ =0/0? @;</.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO O Y/ @; ;?;0 ; 0 00@0 w00 <7;;P?/v 0 ;7? @ ?0; =7?P=?; B ; ;?@70@; @00?; =070 @;= @ 07. A 77? @0 =7= @ 070/?@0@ B :;7<070 @;:7? B 0 00 70/?;0 70 <7@0@ ? 07???0/ @?P?/ , B ; ;7?0 0@B?7?@ @?0 0 ;7? @ ;@; =7?0; B =?/. E/ @?;;+ w*odos os nossos atos, #es#o os #ais si#ples, aqueles que esta#os acostu#ados e# nosso cotidiano, s%o desligados quando surgi#os na ri$alta, diante de u#a platéia de #il pessoas. +sso é por que é necessrio se corrigir e aprender no&a#ente a andar, sentar, ou deitar. - necessrio a autoreeduca(%o para, no palco, ol/ar e &er, escutar e ou&ir.0 N "70;?/ S?;0 S0?;/0<;? ?@ =7 M@ @ S0?;/0<;? ;?; 0 ?<0 ?7@Q?@0 0 0 9:0; =/ 00<=>= 0= ?//= C=/00 S0// ?0/ @ /@;?= "I" @ "".
3. 11. 7. 2 ANTES DA ATUAÇÃO C;0? S0?;/0<;? /; @ B 07 @< =077 0?; =;;P</ 0 @0 70/. (0@ =0=/ 07 ; 0@; =0=/ 00 @0 , B ; 0Q ;;7? ;??7 0 ?0 0=0Q @ =;;?:?/?07 B ?; ;=7 770. 070 0 ;?0<0 B+ E;B0 @ @ @? /?7 0; /:7,;+ ?; =@ 07 0/0; <Q; ;0 077?70 ; 0. O B ?; ?0. T@ 7; @=@ @0 70 =07?/07 B < 00. I;; 70 @=@ @ 07 ; 0=7?0 @ ; =0=/ @ B0 F00F ; =0=/. E:70 S0?;/0<;? 0 ;?@ =7??7 ;?;0?Q07 0 70 @ 00 0 Era itoriana ? =7P0 /?<7; =070 07; ? ; @Y@0 =7??7 0 7/0?07 arte ;0 ;???0 =;?/?0 , 0 <7@0@ 0 0Q,/ 0; ; @ 0 psicologia ;7 /7 =7@?@0 70/?Q0@0 ci)ncia. D;@ ;0 7?0 ; ;?;0 ?/? =7@0 0 07 070/ ; 7?0@7 0 0:0@ 0 ; ;:7 @;= 70/P;? 0 07 =/0 07. O S?;0 ;?; @ =/ =070 =7@Q?7 0 00 70/P;?0\ 0 0?7?0 @; :; 07; 00?; B7 @ 07 cine#a tele&is%o @< 0 ; 0=7@?Q0@ =07 @ ;;; B 0/00. U;0@ S?;0 0 07 /<0@ 0 =7@7 0 0 =7@0 0/?; @ ;? ; : 0 ? @ ; =7;0. O 07 /<0@ 0 @;:7?7 ; :?<; @ =7;0 0 0@0 0 @7 @ :?<,70/ @0 =0 ??70. U0 70 @ ; ;?7 ?; 70 F;7@F @ S0?;/0<;?. E??0 B ; 07; ?Q;; ?Y70; =70; ;:7 ; =7;0. 7 =/ 0 @0; =7??70; =70; B 07 @< 0Q7 0; @ 007 + O B 07?0 ; ;?<;; 0 ;0 ;?0 B =7;0
3. 11. 7. 3 #ROGRESSÃO DO SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I O S?;0 S0?;/0<;? ?0; <Q; @,; M@ @0 A =07 =7 0 @ 0/; @?;P=/; S0 A9 B 00: /<0@ ;; ;?0; =070 N= I=?. O 0 B S0?;/0<;? @@?0 0 ;0 =77;; @ ;; @; 0@ ; 0 ;07 //7 B 70 ;0 ?70 0; B @ 0 07?Q / =70@ ;:7 B =@7?0 0Q7 0; 00; B @70 0; ?Q70 @ ;0; /?; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 7;=@70,/ =070 0; B?07 @0;. V7@0@?70 ;;0 ?;7?0 ?/;70 0 ? @ ;7 0B?/ B S//0 A@/7 0=7@ ;;07?0 ? B =;7?7 /? S0?;/0<;?. O B / 70/ ; @@?0<0 70 0 7?07 ;?;0 <7@0@?70 </ =/; 07; ;0 0/ B ;; @ 0 =@;; ;07. O ?;;0 70=7@?Q0@ ? 0 ;0 0 / @ ;0 @0.
3. 11. 7. 4 O MÉTODO DA AÇÃO &ÍSICA E;0?07 0/0 P;? ? ; ? = B S0?;/0<;? 0< :0;?/07 =070 M@ @ A0 $P;?0. C ?;; ?0,; ? =070 0/007 :?< 0?7 @0 <7@0@ ?0/ 70/?; =;?/? @ 0/ 7/ ;:7 P;? 7; @ 70 0 =@7 0;;? 7=7;07 @;@ M=9= 0; C://;=/ @0 G@; A0>. N0 07?@0@ ;7 7;; @@?0 0 ?=7>?0 @ M@ @0 A $P;?0. 070 ; =7@7 @ ,; =7??7 @ @7 0 0 P;?0. E/0 :0;?0,; 0 =7?;;0 @ @0 0 =B= /? ?@=@ @0 <0@ , 0 ; B 07 =;;0 ;:7 /0 77 0/ 7/ 0;;? ,; ;:7 7=. D?0@,; 0 0:; 0 <0@ =0;;0 0 7/07 ; ; ; ;?;. 070 0 ; ?; 7P?; B 0 7?0 ?0/ <0@0 0/ B S0?;/0<;? @;</< 7700 @ ;0? ?0 @ =;B?;0. A ?0/ 0=0; 7= ;: 0/ 7/. A ?70 7 07 @?77 =0;;0 =70 =/ @;</ @0 /7 70 @ @;= B ; =770 :7 @70 ; ;0?;.
3. 11. 7. 5 OUTROS SISTEMAS V7?; 7; ;?;0; ?; ;:7 0 07 @ 7=7;07. T@; ; @7; ;?;0; 70 07@0 ?/?0 0 F00 70/P;?0F M@ @0 A $P;?0 @ S?;0 S0?;/0<;?. E?; 0 T?0 @ M?;7 0?@0 @ 0;;?0@ S07@,M?;7 N?:7@ /0a; <0?7B?. O A/0? T07 C=0a ?0/ @ N<0 I7B 0: @;</< ;0 ?0. E?; 0: 0 V?`=?; T?B ?0 @ =,@,;0 @0 @?770 A "07 B =70 0<7 ;?; 07?0; @?<7;0; =070 0 7=7;0 0 B0/ 07 @< 0/?Q07 M@ SQ? @ T7?0 @ A7 @;</@ =7 T0@0;? SQ? 70@ ;?;0 @ A0 $P;?0. O70; =7;0/?@0@; B @;</<70 ?@?0; ;:7 0 70 @ 00 0: =@ ;7 7/0?0@0; 0 ;?;0 7?0@ =7 S0?;/0<;? 0?; V;</@ Ma7/@ B ? ; 0? F G=0=/ B 0 @;</ 70@?0/ @0; ?@?0; @ ;7. A/; @;</<70 ?; 070?; =7=7?; A0= A0?9 $0=0 $;0. V= S= ==/07?Q ? @ 7=7;0 0 ?=7>?0 @0 ?0 @ =/B= 0:; ;7@ 0 =070 ; ;0?; =070 0 00. O J/= A?>?/0= $= ? 0?; 0/ @;</<@ ;?;0 B :0?Q @ T0= 9= O9= B 70;7 07 <P/ @ 007; ;?0/ "7 070 0 ;07.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 11. 7. 6 TÉCNICAS DO SISTEMA STANISLAVS-I 3. 11. 7. 6. 1 RK0= (0@ S0?;/0<;? :;7< ; 70@; 07; 07?Q; @ ;; @?0; / 7=07 70 /?@; 070?; ;; ; =07?@; ; @0 @0 ?@?00. E/; =07?0 ;07 ;0@ @ =/0 /?:7@0@ 7/00 B 0Q?0 B =70 @ =7;0 /P;; ; ;7. C/? B @0 ; @;0@0 @ ;7 /??0@0 @ = 07?;0 @ ;07 7/00@ P;?0 <0/.
3. 11. 7. 6. 2 C=;0B= =J/B= S0?;/0<;? @;:7? 0?@0 B 0B/; 70@; 07?;0; =07?0 ;07 70@; =/0 ; : =;;0 < B0 ;0<0 0 ;=. E/ @?? ;0 ; 70 @ 70 P7/ @ 0. E; P7/ @ 0 =@ ;7 =070@ 0 P7/ @ /Q =0/ ; ;70;. O 07?;0 @< 07 0 ?@?0 @ B ; P7/ =B 0=70@ @ 0=0; 0 ;? =7=7? 0/<Q 0 70 =;;0 0 =0 @ :P/?0 @ ;:=. U0 <Q ;0:/?@ 7 P7/ @ 0 07?;0 @< 7?07 70@ P7/ 7 B =@ ?/?7 @ =0/. D; @ 07?;0 @?07 @ ; =7=07 0 0;;?;?0 0@ ; 0 =7@7 0 ;??0 @ ;0 ?;?0.
3. 11. 7. 6. 3 I=0; 9/ 0;?99/ U0 @0; ?0; @ S0?;/0<;? ;?;?0 @07 0; 70 0; @0/;. D?Q?0 B 07?;0 0 @<7?0 007 @ 70 70/ 0: 0 @<7?0 07 7=7;07 ;? 9= = @ @ <0 07. N0 @0 @?;; S0?;/0<;? ; =7;;0; ;;0; ; ;0@ @ =07?/07?@0@;+ 0 /7 0;?;0 7 / ? <0/ 0 0 =@70 0 /00 @ /? @ ?; 7<; 0?0 0; ;0; 0<;. A7?;0; B 707 0?@0@; ;/0;. O 07?;0 @< :7 0 ;?0 0 B0/ ; ; =7;0 0B?/ B S0?;/0<;? @?? ?7;>?0; @7?0@0; =070 ;0:/7 0; =07?/07?@0@; B ;07. E B ?= @ ;=0 0 0 ; ;@ 7=7;0@0+ $70/ ?70/ =Y:/? @;? (0/ ; ;? (0/ 0 =7070 A ?B= O B 77 / 0; O B @<7 777 7 N<0 ;;0; =70; @< ;7 7;=@?@0; 7; 70?;.
3. 11. 7. 6. 4 V99 0= U ?<0@7 0;= @ 70:0/ @ S0?;/0<;? 0 <7 0 F<7@0@ ?7?7F 7=7;07 @ ?7?7 ;:?< @ =7;0 [ ;0 ;; =;0; ;. A; =7??70; 0;; @0 =;B?;0 @ S0?;/0<;? 7770 B0@ / 0: @?7??0 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO ; =7??=0?; @700; @ A0= C= . E70 =0; A 0?<0 O =07 @ 70; C7?70; /7 B ; 0 @?>?0 70 ; B ; =7;0; 0/0 0 =0;; B ; ; ; ; B ; =7;0; ; =;0@ 7/?@ ;?@ ; <7:0/?Q07. E@ ;0 0=7?0 @ S0?;/0<;? 0 707?0 7;/0@ :? =070 0 ;7 @ /=> @ @ 7=7;07 0 @0 ?7?7 @ =7;0. S0?;/0<;? < <7?0; ?@?0; @ 0/007 0 ;;0 @ F<7@0@ ?7?7F. U0 @/0; ? 0 =0/0<70 ?0 F;F. FSF 0 =0/0<70 B =@ 70;707 ;;; =;0; =7? B ; ?0?; 70/ B0/B7 ;?0+ S ?0;; 7? @ 7=... S ;?<;; ?70@ 7?0; 0 ?/0 ;J... S ?<;; 70@ 0/... S 0B/0 =;;0 B ?;/ < <0 =7 @ ?... . A =0/0<70 F;F 70;70,; 0 =@7;0 0/0<00 =070 0 0Q@ B 0; =;;0; ; <0 B 7?@0; ;:7 ; ;; @0@ 0 ;;0 @ 7Q0 0:;/0 ;:7 ?7;>?0; ?0?7?0;.
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
3. 11. 7. 6. 6 A 99 9 ? D 07@ S0?;/0<;? =070 @;</<7 ??@0@ 0 0 07 @<7?0 007 ;=7:?< @ =7;0+ O B 0?0 @ @ B =7;0 =770 @;0 @70 7; @0 =0 (0/ 0 70 7?Q @ =7;0 S / =@ ;0:/7 0 0 =070 0 B0/ ; =7;0 ; @?7? B @< /07 =070 0/007 ;0 ;7 =070 07?;0 :?< 70/ 0 /?0 ;:7 0 B0/ @?7??7 ; =7;0 0/ ;B?0@7 B =070 07 0 = @0 00 ;0,; 0@;=. U0 70 70 @ 007,; ;0 /?0 F;=?0F. 070 0@07 0 @;</<7 0 /?07?@0@ @ =0=/ S0?;/0<;? ;7? 0; 07?;0; B @?@?;; 0; 0; ?@0@; @ /?0 B ; <Q; @? F:0?@0;F. N;;0; ?@0@; :?< ;@ :?<; ?7@?7?; ; B 070<;;0 0; 0; =070 ?0/ 07 0 :?< 70/ @0 =0.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 11. 7. 6. 7 A0?B= ;=?0= E ; /0:;?=/ /== ; =7;0 ; 07?;0; 00 ;Q?;\ /; ?70 70; =;;0;. S0?;/0<;? ;0<0 0 =070 0 @ B ?; 07; F=070 @ 007F =7@ 0 ;=;0B= B0@ /; ; ; =7;0; =7??=0?; 0 0 B0@ 0 0/0 =7 0 70 =;;0. T0?; 07?;0; 0Q 70@ ;7 B0@ 0 ;0 0/0 0; B0@ ; ;0@. E;0 @?0 @;7? 0 /?07?@0@ 0Q@ B 07?;0 <0,; @7 70 @ =0=/ B 7=7;0. I; @:?/?0 0 0 @ =?; 0 00 @=@ @ @; ; 07;. D<,; 07 0 70 =7;0 @; ; ; /0:70@ 0 ;0/ =0?7 B0/ ; 700 @ 70 0 00?; B:707 0 ?@0@ @ .
3. 11. 7. 7 STANISLAVS-I E A AÇÃO #SICO&ÍSICA S0?;/0<;? 0 @;</<7 ;0; ?0; @ ;/ XX =7?P=? / 0?Q0<0 ; 0;=; ?7?7; =070 7?0 @ 07. 7 =/ ; <7?; @; @ 0 07?;0 ; ?;?;. M0; =7 </0 @ 117 / 0 /07 0@0 <Q 0?; =070 0 0 =7=;?0@0 @ 0 0 ??0/ ???<0 0B?/ B @? @ 0 =;?P;?0 0 0 ; =7=;? /0 B @Q 0 ;?. U @ ;; 0/; 0 @00 0 0 @ ;0; 7?0;+ C;?@70@ B 0 0 ?0 ;?@ ;?0@0 =70 0 =7;; @ F;0@ ?0/F =70 ;0:/?@ 070 0 0 B =7@?0 0 0< =070 @7?07 =;?/?. E /07 @ <7 0; ; @Q?@ 0 0 S0?;/0<;? =0;; 0 07@?07 B 70 77? B 77?0+ 0 0 =7=;?0@0 7=7;0@0 =070 07 0; :?<; @ =7;0 70 0? 0?; @?7 =070 0; ; 7 ; =/; 0:0?+ U =7;0 ; ;0@ 0 ;0 @ 007. R=?0 =7;0 /<00,; @=7;;0 0 =70 =07@ ;0 0 =7<0 0?; 70?<0 =7;0 , / 0; ;0<0 0@ ?07 7?;. O =7;0 0Q ?70@ /00 0?; =70 , ;0 70?<0 ;07 0?7. O =7;0 'A' @ 0:70 =7;0 '"'. O =7;0 'A' 070 ; ;?7 0?; P? @ 7 =7;0 ;;0 B ? =7<0@0 =/0 0 0:70. S < :;7< 0@7 @ :/ 0; @0 =07?@0 <0? =7@7 0 0 =7<0 0 + / ; 0?0 7?0 0Q 7P?; B =7=070@,; ?0/ =070 . O 0/0 0 <7@0@ 0? 0; =070 =7=0707 0 ;0 / @;70 /07 =/ @ ;???0@ @0 0 =;?P;?0
3. 11. 7. 8 IN&LUPNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO QSISTEMAQ S0?;/0<;? 0: ?/? 0 2pera @70 ?=/;? ; 70:0/; @ ;7?7; M3i#o 4or!i nton *c/eco&. T@ ;:7@ ; @0; R</; R;;0; @ 19&5 191% 70 0@ 0 =7 @ /P@7 5)nin 1918 ;0:/ =0P; 7??7 E;Y@? @;?0@ 0 /?07 0 07 @70?0 =070 <; 07; , @@?0,; 0 ;7<7 <7?; @ ;; ;@;. S ;?;0 0: 00@ @ M@ @0 A $P;?0 < @?<7;; ;?@7; 0; <7?0; 0;; B ? @;</@. U @ ;; 0/; R?07@ "/;/0<;? @ Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
2
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 1925 FL0:707? @ T07F ; E;0@; U?@;. E;0 ???0?<0 :0;0@0 0=0; 0 00@0 F7?0 ?<0F 0; 70@ ?=0 07 07?0 0; 0 ?0 @ S0?;/0<;? </? 0?@0 0?;. S//0 A@/7 ? 0 Y?0 07?00 B ;@ S0?;/0<;a ;@ M@ @ A $P;?0 07?; @70 5 ;00; 0 @ 1934. A@/7 0=7; < @ 0 7 7? @0 7=7;0 5ee "tras$erg B 7? , ?< =/ B0/ A@/7 @/07 B / F@ @ 770@F... D 1934 0 B A@/7 ;@ / 0 ;0 7 1938 S0?;/0<;? ? @;</ @ ; ;?;0 07;0@ <0; ?@?0; 770@ 0; @;</@0;.
3. 11. 7. LEGADO E ATORES D;@ ctor6s "tudio N<0 I7B 0 ?; 7; @ 070 0; ?0; @ S0?;/0<;? ; =7=070@ 70@; 07;. U : =/ ==/07?Q0@; 0; /0; ?07?0; ; + Jac! 7ic/olson , Mariln Monroe , Ja#es ean, Marlon Brando , Montgo#er Clift , "te&e Mc:ueen , Paul 7e;#an ,
o$ert e 7iro, l Pacino , Jane ?onda ?; 0?;. M0?; 7 ; Benicio el *oro , Mar! >uffalo Jo/nn epp e "ean Penn. C/arlie C/aplin @?;; ;:7 S0?;/0<;a+ O /?<7 @ S0?;/0<;? FA =7=070 @ 07F =@ 0@07 @0; 0; =;;0; ; / @0 07 @70?0.F S0?;/0<;? / =7 0?/?07 70:0/ @ 07. M0; 0?0 @ @ @/07+ w Crie seu pr2prio #étodo. 7%o se@a dependente, u# escra&o. ?a(a so#ente algo que &oc) possa construir. Mas o$ser&e a tradi(%o da ruptura, eu i#ploro.0
3. 11. 7. 1! $I$LIOGRA&IA E =7; ;0; =7??=0?; :70; ??/0,;+ M?0 V?@0 0 A7\ 00/ ;0@ "70;?/ A 7=0700 @ A7\ A C7?0 @ 0=/\ A C;7 @0 7;0\ M00/ @ A7. • • • • •
3. 12 O TEATRO DO SÉCULO "" A =07?7 @0 70@0 @ ;/ 07; ; ?7/0@;; S0 O'C0;a ''O 070@ 0; ;7/0;'' J M?//? Sa ''O =/0a:a @ @ ?@0/'' 0?@0 ;7< ; 70/?;0;. M0; ;7 ?Y70; 70; @?0;.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
3. 12. 1 E"#RESSIONISMO S7 0 A/00 7 0 1x 0 2x G770; M@?0?;. A@<0 0 =/; @;7/0@0 @0 ;:?@0@ =/70 ;0@; =;?/?; 7:?@; ;7?@,; 070<; @ 7?; @?;7?@;. A7; =7;;??;0; , ''A 0?0 @ 0@70'' @ $70 W@?@ ''O; :7;; @ C0/0?;'' @ G7 -0?;7 ''O; @;7?@7; @ B?0;'' @ E7; T//7 ''R.U.R''. @ -07/ C0= ''O @?0 @ /0'' @ 07?0 ''E/7 R?'' ?: 0: =7=0 ;?0/ ;70@ /0 70 0 0?Q0 @;0?Q0@70 @0 ;?@0@ ?@;7?0/ ;@0 ; /?; @ 70 @0 ?/?07?;.
3. 12. 2 &UTURISMO $7 @70 ; 0; 2&. N0 I/?0 /7??0 0 /?0 0 7?0 0 ?@;7?0/?Q0. N0 0?0 URSS =7= 0 @;7? @ @; ; <0/7; 0?; 0 ?/?Q0 @ 07 ? @ 0?0 =7=00@0. A7; 7?;0; , O; ?0/?0; /?@70@; =7 $?/?== T0; M07?? ''O =/0 @ =0=0'' </ =070 0;?; B0 ; 7;;; @ 7 V/0@??7 M0?0<;? ''O =7<'' ''M?;7? :'' ;0 07 =070 @?@?7 ?;. T07 ;?/?Q0@ , U0 77 B :;0 /07 ?770/ =0/ 0:0@0@ 0= ;;?< =;?/?0 0 70/?;. Ma7@ 0@7 B /<0 0?; / ;;0; =7=;0; /00@ ; @0; @ B 00 @ F teatro estiliAadoF. V;</@ E?/? Ma7/@ 18%4,194& 0; 0 RY;;?0 70:0/0 ???0/ 07 0 @?77 070/ 19&5 ?@?0@ =7 S0?;/0<;?. D?7? ; 07; @0 R</ Ma7/@ 0@ <7?0; =0; @ M0?0<;?. U?/?Q0 ?0 77; 070/ 0/0; @ ;0; 0; ;=0@7 =@ ?7 0 =0/ ; 07; ?7/0 0 =/0?0. 070 Ma7/@ 07 @< ?/?Q07 ; P;? 0 ?7=70 ?0@ ;70< @ . 7; =/0 =/P?0 ;0/??;0 0=; 0 7?0 070/ 1939 77 0= @ 70:0/; 70@; =7<0</ 0@.
3. 12. 3 TEATRO DA CRUELDADE N0 $700 ; 0; 2& @0@0P;0; ;770/?;0; ;0 ; <0/7; ;0:/?@;. A=0 ; =77;7 A/7@ J077a B ? @ ;/ XIX 7? 0; 07;0; /?0@0; 0 =7;0 0:;7@ @ 0? U:. A? A70@ =7??=0/ 7? @;; . A? A70@ 1896,1948 0; M07;/0 $700. A7 =0 @?77 070/ A70@ 7/0 ? @ F07 @0 7/@0@F 0B/ B =770 /?:707 0; 70; ?;?; @0 =/0?0. S /?<7 7? ''O 07 ; @=/'' 7 7 ?/?0 0 ; @?0; 00?;. 0;;0 ; Y/?; @Q 0; @ ;0 @0 ?70@ @?<7;; ;=?0?; =;?B?7?; 77 07?;.
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 3. 12. 4 TEATRO É#ICO T0@ = @ =07?@0 70:0/ @ ?;07 B /0<0 =7 07 @0?< @ =7=00@0 0/ "7/ "7 =7= 07 =/??Q0@ :?< @ @??07 0 ;?@0@. A?0=/ @;=/+ O; =7??=0?; ;?@7; @ "7 ; ; ;P; $7?@7? DZ770 ''A ;?0 @0 </0 ;70'' M0 $7?; ''A@770'' ; 0/; 7 W?;; ''M070yS0@'' R/ H ''O 7?''. N0 I/?0 L?? ?70@// ''S?; =7;0; =770 @ 07'' 0?=0 0 0Y;?0 ?;?0/ @ J0,0/ S077 ''E7 B07 =07@;'' A/:7 C0; ''C0/P/0''.
3. 12. 4. 1 A HISTÓRIA DE $ERTOLT $RECHT
"7/ "7 A;:7 1& @ $<7?7 @ 1898 t "7/? 14 @ A; @ 1956 ? ?/ @7007 =0 0@7 0/ @ ;/ XX. N0;?@ Eugen Bert/old ?riedric/ Brec/t 0 "070 "7 ;@ M@??0 70:0/ 7?7 ;=?0/ M?B @70 0 7??70 G770 M@?0/. $?/ @0 :7;?0 ;7 @; ; =0P; 0 ;;0 @ @;/0 @ 0707 =0P; =/0 @;7P@ =/0 770. D=?; @0 770 @,; =070 "7/? @ ?/ 7P? H7:7 I7? 0,/ 0 0 =070 0 0=?0 @ =Y:/? =/ 07 @7. J M?B 0; ;0; =7??70; =0; Baal 1918y1926 FT0:7; 0 N?F *ro##eln in der 7ac/t 1918,192& 70 /<0@0; 0 =0/ "7 E7? E/ B <? 0 70:0/07 0 0 ? @0 ;0 @0. E "7/? 0 =0 +# ic!ic/t der "tdte =70?Q0@ =7 $7?Q -77 @?7??@ =7 E/ 7,; ; =7??7 ;;;. O 0/?07?; 0?70<0,; 0 70 7<0@70 B ; ?7?0 777 =0P; ; 70<0 0 ?;; @ 7<7 S07 I=7? R0,G7>?. M0; 0 ; = 0<0 A/00 ?/?0; @0 7 70@0 U? S?0 ;0 :, ;@?@0 ?=/00 @ 7? ;?0/?;0 B ;???0<0 ;=700 =070 =< ;7?@ @0 A/00 0B/ =7P@. É 0 ; Y/? 7= B "7 <0? ; ?7 0 >;?0 @ Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
32
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO @:/07 ; @;;=7 ?;?0/. N 0 @=?; @ H?/7 /? 1933 "7 ;0<0 0/ ;7 0 A/00 N0Q?;0 ?/0@,; 0 #;7?0 SP0 D?0070 $?/>@?0 S?0 I/0770 RY;;?0 ?0/ ; E;0@; U?@;. R: 7? L? @0 0Q 1954.
3. 12. 4. 1. 1 OJ/ A; ;0; =7??=0?; ?/?0; 70 C;0? S0?;/0<;? V;</@ E?/ Ma7/@ E7`? ?;07 . S0?;/0<;? =7??7 7</?7? ;0; 7?0; ;7< @ :0; =070 70:0/ @ Ma7/@ ; F@ :?>?F 0 =7??=0/ ? 0Q7 B 07 =7?0 0; 00; =;?/?0; @ ; =7;0 070<; @ 0 F;070 =0P?0F. E/ @;</< 0 ?0 @ 07 070<; @ ; ?;=?70 0;??0 @ 07 @ "7. A 7?:? @ ?;07 0 @ 07 =7=00@P;? @0?<. É / B 0:7 0? =070 <7@0@?7 07 =? 7?Q0@ 0@ =7 "7. T0: 70 ?/?0; ;???0?<0; ; ;; ;@; ;:7 S?/?0 07?;. @ ;7 ?@??0@0; @0; ?<0; =7??=0?; =070 T07 É=? @ "7+ 0 = 07?;0 @ H ;7 B @< ;7 @?@ :;7<0@,; @ @0; 0; 7/0; ;?0?; @ B =07??=0. 070 "7 0 70 =?0 0 Y?0 0=0Q @ 0=7;07 0; @7?0; ;?0?; @0; 7/0; ?7,00;. ; ?? @?@? 0 ;;?@0@ @ F=0/ ?P?F 0=0Q @ @;?;??07 0; 7/0; @0 ;?@0@ ;/07@ =Y:/? ;;?0@ 0 0 70;70@70. A/0; @ ;0; =7??=0?; :70; ;+ # =o#e# - u# =o#e# B 7; 0 ?@?0 @ ;7 70;7</ M%e Corage# e "eus ?il/os ;:7 0 G770 @; T7?0 A; ;7?0 P/? @0 S@0 G770 M@?0/ ida de 4alileu @700 :?7? B0/ "7 70 @???<0 0? @ 07 @?0/?. A?70 "707@ D7 0 7;=? @; Y/?+ D... 4alileu foi escrita, pelo #enos original#ente, para ser&ir de e3e#plo e de consel/o aos s$ios ale#%es tentados a a$dicar seu sa$er nas #%os dos c/efes naAistas.0 A/ @;;0; ;7< "eu Puntila e seu Criado Matti +rresist&el scen(%o de rturo i O Crculo de 4iA Caucasiano Boa l#a de "etAuan A Ó=70 @; T7; V?;. F"7/ "7F. E;/70 @ :7Q =7 $7?Q C77. 700 "7/ "7 "7/?. •
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3. 12. 4. 1. 2 T0= É;= A/ @ @7007 @?77 "7 ? 7;=;</ =7 0=7@07 @ @ ?7=70 @ 07 =? 0 @0; 70@; 7?0; @ ?7=70 @ ;/ XX. U0 @0; 70@; ?/?0; @;</ @;0 70 @ ?7=70 ? 0 07 @ 07 M? L0, $0 B "7 0=0 0 7=7;0 M;. D;7< "7 Escritos so$re *eatro 7/0 @; 07 ?; B ?70 ? ;:7 0 70 @ ?7=70 07 =? 0 7=7;07 =0=?; ??;. M? L0,$0 7=?70 <7?0; <Q; 0 =0/;70 =7 ; 70@7 B ele representa&a personagens fe#ininos e# cena, #as que n%o era i#itador de #ul/eres F. C?0 "7 @;7<@ 0 @;70 @0; ?0; @; 07 7 B este ator, de terno, e3ecuta&a certos #o&i#entos fe#ininos, ressaltando se#pre a Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO presen(a de duas personagens, u# que apresenta&a e outro que era apresentado. "7 ;:/?0 B 07 ?; =7@?0 andar e c/orar co#o u#a #ul/er 0; 0 deter#inada #ul/er =4& </2.
3. 12. 4. 1. 3 I00B= @; N ?P? @ ;0 077?70 "7 ;0:/ ; /; @ 0 <0 70 @ ?7=70 =070 07. E a prop2sito dos critérios de aprecia(%o da arte dra#tica @@ 07 7 L7 @ 7P?0; 0?<0; @?Q@ B u#a interpreta(%o gestual le&ar o pú$lico a e3ercer u#a opera(%o crtica do co#porta#ento /u#ano. A?70 B 0@0 =0/0<70 @< 707 ;???0@ ;0/ 070<; @ ; ;=0@7 =@ =7@7 0; 0/70?<0; @0 0 ? 19%4 2. @? =\ 68. ? @;7< B =070 "7 0 ?7=70 ;0/ @< ? 0 ?0 @ =7??=0/ 0 C0=/? B /0:7070 u#a no&a for#a de figura(%o do pensa#ento /u#ano ? 19%4 2. @? =\ 68. E;0 =7=0 /<07 0 B "7 @?0 ? @ ;; 0 ?7=70 0 @ ;0; =0;.
3. 12. 4. 1. 4 L=/ A0>=/ /=J $0=9 $;0 A7? @ E@07@ L?Q V?<?7; @ $7?0; D;;? "7 , "7. T07 ;?0 =/P?0 2&&5 A0/ R;/@. O T07 É=?. S+ E@?]70 7;=?<0 1985. "7/ "7. E;7?; ;:7 T07. "; A?7;+ E@??; N<0 V?;?. 3 </;. 19%& 19%3 19%6. "7/ "7. E;7?; ;:7 T07. "; A?7;+ E@??; N<0 V?;?. 3 </;. 19%& 19%3 19%6. $70@ ?. "7 V?@0 O:70. R? @ J0?7+ 0Q T770 19%4. 20. E@?. G7@ "7?. "7 0 E;?0 @ T07. R? @ J0?7+ G700/ 1992. J W?//. O T07 @ "7. R? @ J0?7+ )007 196%.
3. 12. 5 TEATRO AMERICANO N0 @0@0 @ 2& 0@B?7 =/0 =7??70 <Q 0707P;?0; =7=7?0; 070@ =/0 7/ ;?0/ =;?/?0 0 0 ;7 7?@ @ @. S 7?0@7 E O'N?// ?/?0@ =7 ?70@//. A7; 07?0; , A/ @ E O'N?// @;00,; T;; W?//?0; C/?7@ O@@; ''A @0 ?=7;;0 @/07'' ''( 7700 0 D=7;;'' T7 W?/@7 ''N;;0 ?@0@'' A77 M?//7 ; @ 7P?0 ;?0/\ E@`07@ A/: B ''( @ @ V?7??0 W/'' 0/0 @ 7/0?0 P? 7 ; ?@??0 00@. D70 0 <@ =777 ; =0P;; @ A/>? @70 ? 0; 0 0?7 =07 @ = 07??7 =7??0 B ?/?Q0@0 0 ;7 @ ;; =7;0; 07?0?;. E ''E;70 ?7/Y@?'' ''O / 0? : 0 E/70'' ''L0 70@0 ? 0@7'' @ ; =/0; @0 ? @0 70/?@0@ 7/0 ; 0?;; =;?/?; @ ;; =7;0;. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO E70 =;;??;0 ;70 =7; @ @;? ; ;?@ , B 0: ;?0 =77;7 @ ?;?0/?;.
3. 12. 6 TEATRO DO A$SURDO A @;7? @ <0/7; 70; 0=; 0 2x G770 M@?0/ =7@Q 07 0?, 70/?;0 ?/? B 070 0 /?0 :;/ 7 ; ; @0@; ;/?@. A7; @ 07 @ 0:;7@ , D;00,; ?7/0@; S0/ "\ 7 070/?Q0@ 70; E_ I; \ ?/; H07/@ ?7. O 70; J0 G ''O :0/'' ;/ 0;;; F0/@?;F ;;0/?;. ''T0'' @ =/; S/0`?7 M7Q ''C?7? @ 0<?;'' ''O 07B?'' ''O ?=70@7 @0 A;;P7?0'' @ ;=0/ $70@ A770:0/ 0: 070 =7P@. S0/ " 19&6,1989 @7007 =0 70?;0 ?7/0@;. D=?; @ 70@ D:/? 70 07?; =7 @?; 0;. S 07 70@ @ =070@; 7 7 7?0 0 :;0 @ =/?0 @0 ?;?0 070<; @ 70?0/?;. E ''E;=70@ G@'' ;0 =7??70 =0 @?; <00:@; <7;0 ;=70@ ?;7?; G@ B 0 0=07 0 =07:/0 @0 @? 00.
3. 12. 7 TENDPNCIAS ATUAIS E 0; 7; 0/; @7007; 0?@0 ; @;00 0; ? 7?0@7 @;/0, ; =070 ; 7=; 070?;. A; =7??0; @; 7=; @0@; 0; @0@0; @ %& 0 9& 0 /??0 @0 @?; 70@??0/ 7 =0/ 0 =/0?0\ 0/ @0 ;:;?? @ @ 07 Y? =7 0 7?0 /?<0 @0 =07??=0 @ ;=0@7 0 /0:70 @ ;=/. A ?70 @ @?77 70,; 0?; @?;?<0 @ B 0 @ 07. O =/; J7Qa G7`;? @; 0?7; ; @ 07 =7?0/. J7Qa G7`;? 1933, 0; RQ;Q` /]?0. S 70:0/ @?77 =7;;7 7? @ 07 70@ ?=0 07 =7?0/ 0 =07?7 @0 @0@0 @ 6&. D 1965 0 1984 @?7? 07,/0:707? @ W7/0` @ =7= 0 7?0 @ F07 =:7F ; 0;;7?; :0;0@ 0=0; 0 7/0 07y;=0@7. E 1982 =0;;0 0 707 ; EUA 00/ < 70:0/0 C7 @ ;B?;0 E=7?0 T070/ @ @70 0 I/?0.
A. G?=/ 00/+ D;00,; L? T07 @ J/?0 " J@? M0/?0\ O= T07 @ J;= C0??\ T07 C0=;? @ LP; M?/ V0/@Q\ "7@ 0@ == @ 7 S0\ O@? T07 @ E? "07:0\ C7 I70?0/ @ ;B?;0 T070/ @ 7 "7\ T>7 @ S/?/ @ A7?0 M?\ G70@ M0? C?7; @ J7] S0<07a\ SB0 @ "@0=;\ M0: M?; 770 G7= @; EUA\ 0; =0?0; @;+ 07?0; ": W?/; R?07@ $70 R?07@ S7 M7@? M\ @; ?0/?0; C07/ " G?/?0 V0;;?/?z M_ 7/??\ @ 0/?@ =/; T0@;Q -07 0 @ :7?>? S07 S70. $. $=J /= 141, + @?77 07?0 0;?@ W0 T0;. M@0,; =070 N<0 b7 0; 2& 0;. S; =7:/0; @ 0/0 0 ?>?0 7?: =070 B ; 0=7@ 0 /?0 ;0/. S 07 :;0 0 07 0/ 77;; @ /Q ;; 7?;. A; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 0; ; ?0; <Q; 70 /0; ''A @0 0 =0 @ J; S0/?'' B ?0 12 @ @70.
C. #0 $== 125, + 0; L@7; ;@0 W;?;7 G7;0; O7@. C @?77 070/ ; 0; 6& ?<0 0; @ S0;=07 ''R? L07'' ''M070yS0@''. E 19%& 70;7,; =070 07?; @0@ C7 I70?0/ @ ;B?;0 T070/. C70 ; 70:0/ 0 <0/7?Q0 @ 07. T70:0/0 7=; @ @?<7;0; 0?0/?@0@; =070 B 0; @?70; /70?; P;?0; 7?B0 7;/0@ ?0/. U0 @ ;0; 0; 0?; ?@0; ''M00:0700'' 0@0=0@0 @ /;;? ?@?0. M0?; 07@ 0 70;70 ?/. D. A?0=/ 0?/+ O; 07; 0?; 7=7;0?<; @ ?0/ @ ;/ XX ; ; 0/; 7 H0@ V?0 =/ /0 C;00 R0?7 W77 $0;;:?@7 L/0 0: @?77 @ ?0 H?7 MZ//7 H0/,M0? " S70;; G70@ =B\ 07?0 S0 S==07@ L; @ 07 ?0/?0 D07? $ M7 0?@0/ @ 007B?;0 ?/ A7?/ D70 A 7 0 @Q/0. 3. 12. 8 TEATRILISMO N0 @0@0 @ 9& ;?0?; ''L; ?;70:/;'' @?7??@ =7 T7<7 N J C0?7@ ''M?;; S0?'' @?7??@ =7 N?/0; Ha7 ?/;70 0 @?0 0 00@ F070/?;F 0 </0 =/70 @; 77;; ;=P?; @0 /?0 @ =0/ , 0; /0:70@0; ;?/?Q0@0; 7?0; ?; ;=?0?; ?/;; 070?;. I;; 00770 @/P? 0/70@ @0; 0; @?0; F??0/?;0;F 0/0; @ ": W?/; B ;0<0 7?; 0;7; 07@0,7=0 ;?=/??0@ P? @ 0@7; @ 0 ;; 7@Q?@;. A =07?7 @0 70@0 @ ;/ 07; ; ?7/0@;; S0 O'C0;a ''O 070@ 0; ;7/0;'' J M?//? Sa ''O =/0a:a @ @ ?@0/'' 0?@0 ;7< ; 70/?;0;. M0; ;7 ?Y70; 70; @?0;
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO =7 0;? @ /:70; ?; 7/??;0;. O 07 "70;?/ 0 ? @ 00@ F=7??7 7?0@F 0 =0 @ D. @7 I < 0 0707P;?0 =7=7?0. V?/0@ =7@ 7=?0 @;?0@ 0 =7 @?<7? 0 70; ??0?; ;0<0 7 ;;?0/ 0 00@7;. S 7=77? =7@?0 /;?<0 @700; =;@, ?;7?; ;?0?; =/P?; 0/ @ @?0Q?0; /<;. A =70 ?0/?00 0<0 0 7 0B/ ;;; B 0 0=007 @70 @ ;/. A 0?7?0 @; 07; /0?; 70 ;?P@0 @ /0; B 0<0 ;707,; :70; =7 ? @ 0B?0. S0 ?7=70 =77@? @ @ </ 0 0@0 @ 0/0; =0?0; ;70?70; B 70 :0 ;/0 =070 ;0; 0=?@; 070?;. A @?7 70 :0;0 =7???<0 7BZ @?0 =070 ; ?; 7;. A ?@7?0 ;0<0 =7;0 ; 70@?; @ ;/ 07?7 B0 ; 7?; =77@?70 700; 0; =?7; /0?; ;:7@ 0 =?7 70; J0,"0=?; D:7 B 0 "70;?/ 1816 7= @ 07?;0; ;; =07?0; 0 @ D. J VI. N;; =7P@ 0 0?;07,; 7 ?7;; @ <7 =/ 07. M0?; ; 1838 07 ?0 070@ =/0 70@?0 7>?0 @ G0/<; M00/; 0 =0+ FO 0 0 IB?;?F 0: M07?; 0 FO ?Q @ =0Q 0 70F. M07?; 0 @0 ;0 ;?=/??@0@ =070 ;7<7 =7 ;0 ??0 =070 @;7<7 =0?/ @0 =0 < ;?@7; F/;;?;F @ ;; 70:0/; J0B? M0/ @ M0@ M00@ @ A;;?; J; @ A/07. E; =0 ? 070@0 =/ 70@ ?7;; @; ??;0; ?/;; ;7?7; =/0 /70. M00@ @ A;;?; 0: ; ?7;; =/ 0 /< 0; Y/?0; ;BZ?0; wO lienista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w/;v =7@@ ; ;;. M00@ @ A;;?; 0: 0?70 07=0; ; B /0 =/ =@7 =/P? ;0 70 ; B =;; ; <70@7; @ I00P ;0 70 ; B =7@ B?;,/ :07:?7 7P7? ;=?0/. A?@0 B /0 @ 0 77?0 ;??0@70 =070 ; @; @ =@7 B 70/ ; < ?7;; =;;0/. $? 188& L0; 0 N?7?0 B ;70<; :70;?/?7; /?:70@; @70 7 ;0/ @;</ @ 07 @0@ 0 =7??70 =0?0 @70?0 :70;?/?70 [ 0 "70Q?/?0 D700? C=0a. E 19&& 07 @ ; 7? @ /?:7@0@. E:70 0 70@ 0; 0?; @70; 7?;; =/P?0; @ =0P; ;? ?0 /0 ;007 ;0 :0@?70 0707 ;0 ?;7?0. D 193% 0 1945 0 @?0@70 =770 ;?/?07 07 0; 0 ?@/?0 ==/?;0 070<; @ 07 @ 7;0 0,; 0?<0. S7 0; =7??70; =0?0; ;<?; @ =0P; ; + 7=? $77?70 J0? C;0 D/?0 @ M70; O@?/ AQ<@ E<0 T@7 7 7;. U0 <0 ?@/?0 0<0 0 ;7?7 0 @; 0?7; =07?]?; @ 07 :70;?/?7+ O;`0/@ @ A@70@ B ;7< O R? @0 V/0 1933 O H Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO C0<0/ 1934 A M70 193% 70@ @;??:?@ 70; 0 ;0 @?0@70 @ GY/? V070;. E 1938 0;0/ C07/; M0 @0 T07 @ E;@0 @ "70;?/. C0 ;7?7 =0?0; =7?0?; @ 07 B ;@,; 0 / @; 0; 070@ 0 ?7@ @ @/ ;70?7 @ 07 7 ; ;070@ =7?P=? @0 0 @70 "70;?/. N 0 @ 1948 ;7 T"C 0 =0?0 B =7@Q?0 07 @0 :7;?0 =070 0 :7;?0 ?=70@ ?0 7=77? @?0; =070 /70/?; ;?. J 5% ? 0 =7=0; ;?,=/P?0; ;7 T07 @ A70 @ S 0/. R/0; @ 70?; ??0<0 B T07 @ A70 ? 0 =70 @ 70@0 @ ?; 00@7; =070 07 =7?;;?0/ B ; 0; =;7?7; 7070,; <7@0@?70; =7;0/?@0@; @ @ 07P;?. J 64 G/= M?/?07 0; @??/@0@; 00 =070 @?77; 07; @ 07. A ;70 0 0<0;;0/0@70 0Q@ B ?; 07?;0; 0 @ 0:0@07 ; =0/; ?/07,; 7; =0P;;. R;0<0 ; 70; 70; 07 <0; 0; 70PQ; ?0@0; @07 < 7 0 0?; < ;?/ @ 07 B ;07?0 =]7 ;7?7. F...S ??@<?; 0; @?0; @ 07 =7>. H 0 =70?0 @ 70/?; =070//0 0 ;0 @ ;. A; @?0; ?0; <Q; ; =;0; 0; 7BZ ; ?7=70 0; 0; 70;...F $70@ ? [ O B 07. O 07 70/ 0?0/ ; <? ; ;0:?/?Q07 0@; @ ;/ XIX B0@ R0?; < ; ?P?. M07?; 0 ? @; 7;=;<?; =]7 ?;; 070<; @ ;0; @?0; @ ;;. O7; ; @ @;0B @0 =0 70+ @7007 A77 AQ<@ 07 =7;7? 070/ J C00 0 /?7070 ;7?7 M00@ @ A;;?;.
4. 1 SÉCULO "VI , TEATRO DOS ESUÍTAS N; =7??7; 0; @0 /?Q0 ; =0@7; @0 00@0 C=0?0 @ J;; J;P0; B 70 =070 "70;?/ ?0 =7??=0/ :?< 0 0B; @; P@?;. E/; 7070 0; 7?:; :70;?/?70; 0 ?/?0 070/ =070 0 Y;?0 0 @00 0 707?0. O ;0+ @?0; =;??<0; =070 @;</ @ 07 B =0;; 0 ;7 ;0@ ?;7 @ F?/?Q0F @ @0 7/??;0 0/ @ @?<7;. O 07 =/ F0;P?F @0 ?0 7=7;0?<0 70 ? 0?; ?0Q @ B ;7 =]7 =/. A; =7??70; =0; 70 ;7?0; =/; J;P0; B ; ?/?Q0<0 @ /; @0 /70 ?@P0 0 07 =/ 077 @ F;070@F B P@? ?0 0:;7@ ;0 /70 0 =7B 70 =7?; F07F P@? 0/0@ @ ?;0; B / ?0. M?;70@; 0 ;;; /; ;0<0 ; @0; @0 I70 C0/?0 =070 B :?< @0 C=0?0 , 0 0B; , ; =7@;;. E;0; =0; 70 0/0@0; =?, 070? =7; ;=0/. A; =0; 70 ;7?0; =?,070? =7; ;=0/ ?;; ; @ 0 1584 B0@ FF /0?. N/0; ; =7;0; 70 ;0; @]?; ?=70@7; =]7 <Q; 7=7;0<0 0=0; ;?:/?;; A7 T7 0 D;. C 0 0B; 07 00: ; 70@ 07?0 :7?07?0 =070 ; ;@0; @0 70 @ H00; ; /?; @0 C=0?0 @ J;;. N 0 ; =7;0; ??; 70 =7?:?@; @0; S00; =070 ; 07 0 70 F=/0F ; <;. O; 07; ;;0 =0 70 ; P@?; @;?0@; ; 7; =0@7; ; :70; ; 0/;. T@; 00@7; B 00<0 @ ?=7; 0; =0; 0=7;0@0; 0; I70; 0; =700; ; /?;. N B @?Q 7;=? 0; 07; @ 0?; @;0B @0 =0 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO @ 0@7 A?0 . É @/ 0 07?0 @ A @ 70 U?<7;0/ ;7? 7 156% 15%& 7=7;0@ @?<7;; /0?; @ "70;?/ =]7 <7?; 0;. O7 0 @ A?0 N0 ;0 @ S L7 0: ?@ M?;7? @ J;;. O; 0; ;0700?; B ?0 077 @70? 70 =77?@; ; @?0; 70@?0; =7B 70 /; B ;0<0 ?=70@0; 0; 0707P;?0; @0 0B;. E/; ?0 ;=7 @ 7/??; 70/ @?@? 70 7=/; @ =7;0; 0/7?;. A/ @; 0; 7; F;?/; 070?;F ?7@Q?@; =/; J;P0; 70 =7;=? B =0;; 0 ;7 ?7=70@ 0; ;0; //7?0; ; =0;7?;.
4. 1. 1 DRAMATURGIA DE CATE(UESE H P?0 @ 25 :70; 070?; @0; @ 70@? @?<0/ 7 ?/?0 @ 07 @ G?/ V? ;0 70 Y@ =7@Q?@0; ; Y/?; 5& 0; @ ;/ XVI. O 7 =7@?0 0 0/; @/; 07?0 =7<0@0\ ?; 7; ; ;0: ; 07?:P@; 0 =0@7 A?0 =7 <Q; 0@ 0 /0:70 @ =0@7 M0/ @0 N:70. D 0/0; @;;0; :70; ,; 0=0; P/ ; /0;+ 155% ilogo, Con&ers%o do 4entio , =0@7 M0/ @0 N:70. 1564 uto de "antiago , 7=7;0@ S0?0 @0 "0?0. 156%,%& uto da Prega(%o ni&ersal , =0@7 J; @ A?0 , 7=7;0@0 S V? S 0/ @ ?70??0. 15%3 ilogo , 7=7;0@ 70: 0 "0?0. 15%4 ilogo , 7=7;0@ 0 "0?0. 15%4 -cloga Pastoril , 7=7;0@ 70:. 15%5 =ist2ria do >ico &arento e 5Aaro Po$re , 7=7;0@ O/?@0 =0@7 15%6 -cloga Pastoril , 7=7;0@ 70:. 15%8 *ragico#édia , 7=7;0@0 0 "0?0. 15%8 uto do Cris#a , =0@7 J; @ A?0 , 7=7;0@0 R? @ J0?7 1583 uto de "%o "e$asti%o , 7=7;0@ R? @ J0?7. 1583 uto Pastoril , 7=7;0@ E;=P7? S0. 1583 uto das OnAe Mil irgens , 7=7;0@ 0 "0?0 1584 ilogo da &e Maria , 7=7;0@ E;=P7? S0 1584 ilogo Pastoril , 7=7;0@ E;=P7? S0 1584 uto de "%o "e$asti%o , 7=7;0@ R? @ J0?7 1584 uto de "anta Frsula , =0@7 J; @ A?0 , 7=7;0@ R? @ J0?7 1584 ilogo , 7=7;0@ 70: 1584 7a ?esta do 7atal , =0@7 J; @ A?0 1586 uto da ila da it2ria ou de "%o Maurcio , =0@7 J; @ A?0 , 7=7;0@ V?7?0 ES 1586 7a ?esta de "%o 5ouren(o uto de "%o 5ouren(o , =0@7 J; @ A?0 158% >ece$i#ento que ?iAera# os Gndios de 4uarapari# , =0@7 J; @ A?0 , 7=7;0@ G070=07? ES 1589 ssuerus , 7=7;0@ 0 "0?0. 1596 Espetculos , 7=7;0@ 70: • • •
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 1598 7a &isita(%o de "anta +sa$el , =0@7 J; @ A?0 O; ;=/; ?0 / ; P@?; 0B?Q0@; 70 0=7;0@; 0 0?7?0 @0; <Q; 0 07 /?<7 [ 0/; @/; @ 0 ;/<0 =7 7?\ 7; 0 ;?/ @ 07 @?<0/ ; 7?; @0; =B0; ?70;. D @; ;=/ 0?; 70@?; ? @ FA @0; OQ M?/ V?7;F 0? @ 1583 70 0; =0@7; C07@? G<?0 B 0 =07??=0 @ @ =< @0 "0?0. E; 0 B 70 0 70?@?0 ?;=?70@0 0 @0 @ S00 {7;/0 0 /@0 @0; Q ?/ 7; ? 7=7;0@0 ? <Q; 7 ; 0; @ 1582 16&5. O =;B?;0@7 M07? C0?0/?0 ;0 FB0 H?;7?0 @ T07 "70;?/?7F 0Q 0 7?0 @;7? @ B 7?0 ;?@ 0 =7??70 0=7;0 1583 B / 0@?<0 ;=0/07 ;+ H...depois da #issa, co# aco#pan/a#ento de u# coro de ndios, co# flautas e, da capela da Catedral, co# 2rg%os e cra&os, te&e incio u#a prociss%o de estudantes precedida pelos &ereadores e pelos so$rin/os ou netos do go&ernadorI os estudantes carrega&a# tr)s ca$e(as de &irgens co$ertas por u# plio e pu3a&a# so$re rodas u#a espl)ndida nau so$re a qual era# le&adas e# triunfo as &irgens #rtires estudantes tra&estidosK, enquanto da pr2pria nau era# feitos disparos de arca$uA. e &eA e# quando, durante o percurso, fala&a# das @anelas personagens aleg2ricas, e# espl)ndidos costu#esL a cidade, o pr2prio colégio e alguns an@os. noite foi cele$rado na nau o #artrio das &irgens, co# o aparato c)nico de u#a nu&e# que descia do céu e dos an@os que c/ega&a# para sepultar as #rtires.H O70; 0770?<0; 0 0 ; 0/0; </<@ :070; ;0/<0; @ 070:Q; ?<; 7?; @ P@?; /00; =7;;;\ @0; /0; 0;;?;?@0; =/; /; =/; P@?; /07 =/0; 07?@0@; /0?; @; 0@ ; /7?0; 0 ; @700; 0@; =7 <Q; ; 0@7; @0; ?70; 70; 0?07; 0@; 7 @; =/;. •
4. 1. 2 TEATRO ANCHIETANO C ; ;0: ; Y?; ; @ @0 ;;0 =7@ 0@; 0; ;;; @?0; ; @ 07?0 @ . J; @ A?0 700; 0 ; =7;; @ :0??0 ???0@ 1%36. C;?@70@ =7 S:0 M00/@? Ho te3to #ais co#ple3o e digno de interesseH @ @0 0 :70 @ ?;;?7? uto de "%o 5ouren(o 7a ?esta de ". 5ouren(o 0 =0 7?/PZ B < ;0 =7??70 7=7;0 0 ?@0@ @ N?7? 1583. O 7? =7;0; ;?0; @70?0; </<@ 0 /0 @00 =070 07707 07P7? @ ;0. H ?; 0;=; B @0 0 ?/??0 @ ?;;?7? 0 7@?7 0 700 0; @? @ 0 07?P? @ ;:;?? 70@??0/ 0?; @ ;?7?; 7/??; =7 7 B =@7P0; /0;;??07 @ ;?7?; @/?. A;;? A?0 0=7?0 ; @]?; @0 ?70 0/?0 @; @]?; 0?/?07; 0; P@?; G0?07 A?:7 S070<0?0 , ; 0@; @; P@?; T0?; B ; ?70 0; ?<0;7; 70;; 70 0: @ 7??07 0 ;?0 =/P?0 @ . O; @]?; 0@<0 =/; 77P<?; :?; @; P@?;+ 0? 70@?7?; 0 =/?0?0. O 7?/PZ ;0 @?0/07 P@?; =7;; ;=0?;. O7 @ 0@7 A?0 7a ?esta de 7atal 0 7/?70 @ A @ S. L7 ; =7;0; 0;. N; 0; ; @]?; @??/0 ; R?; M0; 0 707 0 0@70 @ ; 70 S0/<0@7. E; 0 ;0 0?7?0 ;7? T=? =7 70Q; :0; @ 0B;. J @700 7a ila de it2ria ? 7=7;0@ @ :? 0@7 @0 I70 @ S T?0 =7 0;? @0 0@0 @ 7= @ ?;;?7?; 7=; @;? 0 0700?. 7 ;; ?< 0 =0 =07 ;07 @?7??@0 0 =Y:/? ? /;?<0 @ Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
42
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO /; 0 <Q B 0Q ?0; 77?0; 0 0?; 7; @0; ;?@0@; =7;0 ;=0/0 0/ @ ?07 ; /?; </<@ /; P@?;. A 0=7;0 ?0 ;; 7; 0; 0; :0;0 =/?0@0; @77; @ 0 @ ;7 7?<0@0 @ =7;0; 0/7?0;+ M@ 0 C07 @?; @]?; 7;=?<0 0 C?@0@ @ V?7?0 0 :7 @00 G<7 ;7 ? @? 0 I70?@ 0 :70 A7 0 D; T7 0 D; S V?7 E:0?0@7 @ 700 :?< 70 /<07 0; 7/PB?0; @ S M07P? 07P7? 0770@ 0 0. E >ece$i#ento que fiAera# os ndios de 4uarapari# ao Padre Pro&incial Mar(al Beliarte A?0 7?0 @?<7?@; @?/; 7 @]?; B =7 /<07 ?; =0@7; /0?; =070 ; ?7; 0/ @ >?; @ 077=@? @; ?@P0; B @?0 70 07=0;. 7a &isita(%o de "anta +sa$el ;?@70@0 Y/?0 :70 @ ;P0 @?/ ;=0/ B 0770 7 @0 V?7 M07?0 ;0 =7?0 I;0:/ @ S J "0?;0. $?0/?Q0@0 =7 0 =7?;; ;/ 0 0 70 =070 /:707 0 ;7 @ 0 S00 C0;0 @ M?;7?7@?0 @00 /0/ @ 7=7;0 :;7;.
4. 2 SÉCULO "VII N ;/ XVII 0; 7=7;0; @ =0; ;7?0; =/; J;P0; , =/ ; 0B/0; 0 /070 ?0/?@0@ @ 0B; , 070 0 ?07 0@0 <Q 0?; ;0;;0;. E; =7P@ B 0 :70 ?;;?7?0 ;0<0 =70?0 ;/?@0@0 ?/;?< 00@ @ D/P? @ T07 @; J;P0;. N 0 7; ?=; @ 0?@0@; 070?; 0: 70 ;0;;; =]7 0 @; ;/ ;??7 = @ 7?;. A; 0; ?;?0 ;; /0; =7@?0@0; ?;=?70@0; =/0; /0; @0 =0 =]7 =/ 0; /0; 70 ; /0@;;. M0; @=@?0 @ 0;?; ;0; 7/??;0; P0; =070 B ;; 70/?Q0@0;. D0; =0; 0@0; 0 =0 =@; @;007 0; @?0; 0=7;0@0; ; <; @ 0/00 0 D. J IV 1641 0; 0; =7@0; =/; 70?;0; @ C< @ S0 A]? R? @ J0?7 0 ?0/?@0@ @ @?;70?7 0 ?@0@. T0: ; 70/?Q070 7=7;0; 070?; =]7 0 @0; ;0; @ ?;0/0 @0 =7
4. 3 SÉCULO "VIII $? ; 0 ;@0 0@ @ ;/ XVIII B 0; =0; 070?; =0;;070 0 ;7 0=7;0@0; 0 70 7BZ?0. 0/; 0:/0@; 0@; =700; =Y:/?0; 70 ; /0?; @0; 7=7;0;. A;;? 0; ?70; =]7 <Q; =0/? @ 7 43 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO <70. N;;0 =0 70 7 0 0707P;?0 @0?0/ @ 07. E 0 0?@0@ ?;7?<0 00: =]7 77 ;7 =7;0@0 /0?; ?; =070 0; =0;+ 0; 00@0; C0;0; @0 Ó=70 C0;0; @0 C@?0 B 070 0 ; ;=0/07 =/ =0P;. E ;?@0 ?0 @; /0?; F@ 07F ;BZ?0 @?;; ;7?70 0; =7??70; =0?0; 070?;. O; 07; 70 700@; =070 0Q7 @7?0@ Y7 @ 0=7;0; 0; C0;0; @0 Ó=70 @70 @ 0 0=0; =]7 0/; ;;. S@ 0;;? ; /0?; /; ?; 0 0?@0@ 070/ @ ;/ XVIII 0 ;7 0?; P0 B =0; 07?7;. N ;/ XVIII ?P? @ XIX ; 07; 70 =;;0; @0; /0;;; 0?; :0?0; ;0 0?7?0 /0;. H00 =7? 70 0 0?@0@ 0@ ?/;?< 0 ;7 =7?:?@0 0 =07??=0 @ /7; ; /;. D;;0 70 70 ; =7=7?; ; B 7=7;0<0 ; =0=?; ??; =0;;0@ 0 ;7 00@; @ F70<;?;F. M; B0@ 0 =7;0 @ 07?Q; 00 ;?@ F/?:70@0F 0 00 @0 /0;; @ 07?;0; : 0 7/; @0; /7; 0 ;?@0@ @0 =0 0; 00;0<0 @; =0/;. C @7007 ; @;00 A]? J; @0 S?/<0 J@. N 0 =7 7 @ 70/ @;@ ; 8 0; ; 07 <7@0@?70 :70;?/?7. (0 0 7=77? @;00,; 0 70@ ?/?0 ;70?70 07 :70;?/?7 @;;0 =0. D7 ; 0?; ?0@; ;0<0 ; @ M/?_7 V/0?7 M0? G/@? M0;;?. A=;07 @0 0?7 ?/?0 ;70?70 0/; ; 0?0?; 0: 7 ;7 /:70@;. S /;+ LP; A/<; ? B ;7< 0 @?0 <7; A7 M0/ C77;=@?@ A/0@7 @ G; B 70@Q? 0 @?0 70;0 O M07?@ C@?@ C/@? M0/ @0 C;0 B ;7< O 070; O:;B?; 7; =0; 7=7;0@; @ =0P; I? J; @ A/<070 ? 07 @ @700 E?0; L?.
4. 4 SÉCULO "I" , TRANSIÇÃO #ARA O TETRO NACIONAL A @0 @0 0P/?0 70/ =070 "70;?/ 18&8 7 0 ;7? @ /7?0; =070 "70;?/. U0 @/0; ? @?7?0@0 0 07. D. J VI @7 @ 28 @ 0? @ 181& 7?0 0 ;;?@0@ @0 ;7 @ F07; @;F. N0 <7@0@ @7 7=7; ;P/ =070 0 ?070 @ <7?; 07;. A; =0?0; 070?; =]7 <Q; @ 0 y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onteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
44
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
4. 4. 1 #RIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO "I" , É#OCA ROMNTICA D;@ 0 I@=@?0 [ 7?0@ @ D. @7 I [ 1822 07:0@ ;? 0?0/?;0 0 @0; ;;0; 0?;0; /70?;. E; ;=P7? 0?0/?;0 0: 0?? 07. N 0 0 /?7070 @70?0 :70;?/?70 0?@0 70 ??=? @=@?0 @ ???0?<0; ?;/0@0;. M?0; =0; 0 =07?7 @ 1838 70 ?/?0@0; =/ R0?; /?77? <0 0 =0. O 70?;0 Joaqui# Manuel de Macedo @;0 0/; ?; @ 0; ;? @ 0?0/?@0@ @0 =0+ ? @0 70@Q0 77?7?0/ @ "70;?/ @0 =/?0 @0 07Q0 @ =0P; @0 ?0/@0@ @ @; ; :70;?/?7; @0 ;=?0/?@0@ @ =< 7 7;. E;; ?; 7070 70@ =07 ; 07?;0; 7>?; @;; =7P@. A 70@?0 wA]? J;v wO =0 0 ?B?;?v 1838 ;7?0 =]7 G0/<; @ M00/; 1811,1882 /<0@0 0 =]7 Jo%o Caetano dos "antos 18&8,1863 0 13 @ 07 @ 1838 07 C;??0/ $/?; ? =7??7 =0;; =070 0 ?=/00 @ 07 ;?@70@ :70;?/?7. J C00 ;?@70@ =7??7 70@ 07 :70;?/?7. E;=?0/?Q0@ =0=?; @70?; 70:0/ =0; @ 07; V?7 H S0;=07 A/0@7 D0; $?/ M/?_7. N /?<7 ''L?; D70?0;'' / 7/ ;:7 0 07 @ 7=7;07. N ; 0 4 @ :7 ? 7=7;0@0 =/0 =7??70 <Q 0 @?0 wO ?Q @ =0Q @0 70v @ 5us Carlos Martins Pena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ntNnio 4on(al&es ias ''GQ00'' ''A 7</ @ M?0;'' @ ntNnio Castro l&es\ 0; @?0; ''A 77 7;'' @ Joaqui# Manuel de Macedo ''O @]? 0?/?07'' @ José de lencar 0=/?070 7=77? 0?0/.
4. 4. 1. 1 M0/ # ;=@9 9 ;=/0?/ M07?; 0 @ 70 70@? 070/ :70;?/?70 B / ; 0=7@07?0 B 07?0 ;/0 0 H?;7?0 @ 07 0?0/.
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45
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO A@?7</ :;7<0@7 ;: ?07 ; ;; 0:?; @0 =0 70@ ;@ 7P? /?77? S?/ R7 0 =0?/ ?;7? @0 @0 @ =0P; 0 =7??70 0@ @ ;/ XIX. O R? @ J0?7 077@7; ;; ?0; 70?0; 70:0@?;0; ;70<; 0??7; 07@0;,0?00?; /0@7; =070;?0; 0?=?70; ?0; ;70?7; 770; ?0; 070@?70; 70=0Q; 07@; 0=07 ?; @ @0 /7?@ 0; =0; @ M07?; 0 70/ 70; 0; :0;0 0@0; 7?;0;. I;; Q B =0; A 0P/?0 0 ;0 0 70 J@0; ;:0@ @ A//?0 O; @?; ?/; 0B??;0 O O; ?7; @0; 0/0; A; @;700; @ 0 7?00 7:;; 0=/0;; 0 =0 B 70 0@0; 070<;;0;; ; 0; ?0/ ;;;. M07?; 0 7? 0 /?0 070/ ;?=/;+ @;</ @0 700 0 0707?Q0 @; 7;; ?=; ;?0?; 0 <7;0 @0; =7;0; @ 0 ;=00 <0?@0@ /?@Q. E;7< =070 7?; ?@?0 @0 =/0?0. O =Y:/? </<,; 0 ?7?0 @0; =0; ;?=0?0 =/??@0@ =?; 0; =7?=?0; =070 07 0 @; ; 0B?0@0; 0 ;0 ;0. A @?0 A 0=?0/ @70/ ;7?0 189% ;70 0 0P/?0 @ 7?7; @ S J @ S0:07 M?0; G70?; @ :?; 7P?@; @0 ;?=/; B 00 =070 R? @ J0?7 0 0=?0/ @70/ 0 =770 @ 00 G<?0 B =@?70 0;0 0 ?/0 00 (?0 0 0?; @70 ??0. N 7 0 ;?7 E;:? 0 =0? @ (?0 =@ 0 L/0 0 7; B 0:0@ ?< @0 ?/0. E?; B 0+ E"EB+O Co#o #in/a fia anda #unto desgostosa pru &ia da #ada#a, eu #e ale#$rei de &i na sua casa para sa$e... si#, para sa$e se é possi&e a #ada#a se separ de seu 4ou&eia. "e fo possi&e, #uito que $e#I se n%o fN, paci)nciaL a gente arru#a as #ala, e a#an/% #e#o &orta pra faAenda. Min/a fil/a é $onita e é ricaL n%o / de s) defunto se# c/oro... 5O5 O sen/or quer que eu dei3e o 4ou&eia porque sua fil/a o a#a e é a#ada por ele, n%o é assi# Pois $e#L é seu o 4ou&eiaI doul/o, #as doul/o de gra(a, n%o e3i@o a #enor retri$ui(%o E"EB+O Mas o que &in/a propN a #ada#a n%o era paga#ento, #as u#a... Cu#a c/a#a aquilo que se falou cando foi 1Q de Maio #a... Ora, sin/N 5e#$randose.K / u#a indeniAa(%o O caso #uda #uito de figura 5O5 7%o 7en/u#a indeniAa(%o pretendo Mas de /o@e e# diante fec/arei o #eu cora(%o aos #ance$os da capital, e s2 a#arei Enquanto fala &ai arran@ando o la(o da gra&ata e a $ar$a de Eusé$ioK algu# /o#e# serio... de #eia idade... fil/o do ca#po... ing)nuo... sincero... incapaA de u# e#$uste... lisandol/e a ca$eloK O/ 7%o e3igirei que se@a $elo... :uanto #ais feio for, #enos ciú#es terei Eusé$io cai co#o desfalecido nu#a cadeira, e 5ola sentase no colo deleK esse /ei de a#ar co# frenesi... co# delrio... Enc/eo de $ei@osK. E"EB+O >esistindo e gritandoK Eu quero i #e e#$ora ErgueseK 5O5 Calate, crian(a louca... E"EB+O Crian(a louca é 5O5 Co# &ee#)nciaK esde que transpuseste aquela porta, senti que u#a for(a #isteriosa e #agnética #e i#pelia para os teus $ra(os Ora o 4ou&eia :ue #e i#porta a #i# o 4ou&eia se és #eu, se ests preso pela tua 5ola, que n%o te dei3ars fugir E"EB+O +sso tudo é &erdade 5O5 Estes senti#entos n%o se finge# Eu adoroteR...S A 0=?0/ @70/. R? @ J0?7+ SNTyMEC 19%2. =.52,5 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
46
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
4. 4. 2 SÉCULO "I" , É#OCA REALISTA METADE S@0 0@ @ ;/ XIX. A 70 0; ;;; 7>?; ; =7: 0 =0 @ 70;? ''A /? @ :>?0F @ J0B? M07?0 M00@ @ A;;?; . J0B? J; @0 $700 JY?7 ''C ; 0Q @=0@'' ''C0? ??;7?'' 700 : 007 =0?/ @0; 0B?0; =/P?0; @ 2^ I=7?. I0/ ;0P7? 0; :7?0/ @ A77 @ AQ<@. T0: H7?B M0??0 C/ N =70?0 ''(:70'' ''O =0? ?'' 0 @?0 @ ;; ?/ /<. M0; 0; =0?0; 0?0?; ; =77?0; ; 07; 0?; 0/00@; , $70@ C/ L?@0 S?; A@/0?@ A070/ , 0?@0 ; =7;;. A77 @ AQ<@ 1855,19&8 0; M070 @0,; =070 R? @ J0?7 18%3. A/ @ ; @@?07 0 07 70:0/0 0: 70/?;0. C7?0 ''A; :7/0;'' ''O 0::'' ''A 0=?0/ @70/'' 0 @?0 ;?0/ :70;?/?70. E;7< 0: =07@?0; @ @700; 70;;. S0 ?=7>?0 ; 7;7? 0 00 0: @?</0@ :70; @ 7; 07;. 0; @ 777 0@ @?77 @ T07 @0 E=;? N0?0/. R0/?; 0 @7007?0 0?0/ =@ ;7 ;:@?@?@ @?; =7P@;+ =7??7 @ 1855 , B0@ =7;7? J0B? H/?@7 0 ;0 =0?0 , 0 1884 0 7=7;0 @ O 0@07? @ A77 AQ<@ B ;/?@0 7 7;0 ; @700; @ 0;00. O ;@ =7P@ <0? @ 1884 0; =7??7; 0; @ ;/ XX B0@ 0 =70 0 7;0 ; ; 7; =77?@; @ =Y:/?. E;;0 =7??70 0; ; =/0 07 070/?;0. }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47
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO M7=/ B =@ ; ?0/07 7; @ </ @ =7@ /70/ B0/B7 ?@0@ @ @ 0 0=?0/ =/07?Q0 0 =7@ @?;7?:? @ :; /70?; ; @ E;0@ 0; @ =0P;. @,; @?Q7 B 0 =7??70 0?;0 070/ ;/ :70;?/?7 ; @ E;0@ @ S 0/. O ;P0 =7; J; @ A?0 1534,159% ;7< 0; B 7=7; ;0@ P@?; 07; =/0?0. D70 ; ;/; ;?; ; 7?;7 0 0?@0@ </ ;; 0=. A =7=7?0 ?@0@ @ S 0/ ? 0=0; 0 ?@0@ =7?00 ; 0?@0@ /70/ ?=70 0 ?P? @; ;/. O ?/ @ 0 0 Q B @;@ ;/ =0;;0@ 0/0; ?@0@; @ ?7?7 70;; =070 0 0@0 @0; 70@; =0?0; 7=?0; ??70;. T07; @7 // R?:?7 7 7:?0 =0?0; B =0;;0<0 =7 M00; R? @ J0?7 "; A?7; 0; B ?0<0 ; 0=7;07 0 0=?0/ =0/?;0. S 0/ ? :7 @ @7 07 :70;?/?7. A; =7??0; @ @7007?0 @ O;`0/@ @ A@70@ 189&,1954 @ 0 @ $/ @ C07<0/ 1899,19%3 07070 0 0?<0 @ /<07 0; =0/; 0 7</ B ; ?/0?; ?Q70 07 ; 70; 07; 0 S00 @ A7 M@70 @ 22. E;;0 7</ ; ; 7?Q R? @ J0?7 0; ? S 0/ B =/0 =7??70 <Q 0 =0?0 =7?;;?0/ , T"C , ; ;0:/ 0 ;0/0 0 =7700 /;?<0 </0@0 =070 ; <; >; ;?;. $70 )0=07? 189%,1966 ? ;?7? ?0/?0 B =7@ @0 70 =070 7?Q07 ;; ;. 7@7 =7=7?7? @ T"C 1948,1964 7 @0 E7=0 @?77; A@/ C//? R7 J0::? $/0P? "//?? C77? M07? V00 L?0 S0/ A/:7 @'A<7;0. A7; 0/ A70 C0?/@0 "7 T]?0 C077?7 C/?@ b?; $70@0 M7 S7? C07@; 0/? 070 ; ?7070. O 0?7 @7007 =0/?;0 @; 7; 0?7; :70;?/?7; J7 A@70@ 1922 ,1984 0/? 0@0; ;0; =0; @7?70 @0; A/0; 1958 A E;0@0 1961 O;;; @ "07 1963 V7@0 @0 S0/<0 1964. O7; 07; 0?0?; M?//]7 $70@; LY?0 "@? L7?<0/ G; M00@ E@07 @0 R0 M?70@0 0: 70 0@; T"C. E7 /; =@; @;007 A:P/? 7?70 @ A/?@0. A =7=7?0 ? @ ;7?0 ?/? ; A M/7 @ 7? =7700 @=/ L0 V? H0? @ J0 C0. C7?;0 @ ?@?0 @0 0/0 ;?@0@ =0/?;00 @0 B0/ 0Q?0 =07 A:P/? < 0: 0@0; T"C+ ? 0 @0; <Q; 1948 0?@0 0 0; 00@70 0?; 07@ 1958 @ A D00 @ C=0; S00 M070 $0:7?/ R0 S L?; 2% , 8. T0: ; ?7070 0/? ; @?77; A; $?/ $/ R0/ ; @?; =; @;;0 70 @ @?77;. D70 0 @0@0 @ 6& @?; 7=; =/07?Q070 0 =7@ 070/ 0?; ?=70 =0/?;0 , :70;?/?70. O T07 @ A70 < ?P? 7= B =770<0 ;=0; @ 00 =070 ; =7??7; 70@; @0 E;/0 @ A7 D70?0 @0@0 =7 A/7@ M;B?0 1948. D 1953 0 195% @?7??@ =7 J; R0 7= ; /?? 0 07 ; ;70?7; M07/ A70@ L?? ?70@// T;; W?//?0; S0 O'C0;a 0?0?; S?/<?70 S0=0? A; "0/ J; R0 ; B0?; 0 0?7 7?;?@0@ ;0<0 0 =7=7?0 70 0@0@0 =070 0 7/0 =0/,=/0?0+ 0 ;?,070. 7??7 /:; ;=0; @?@; @=?; ; =7=7? ;=0 0 70 T@7 "0?0 7 @0 ?@0@ 7= /0 =7?;;?0/ ;;0 =0 07; E<0 W?/0 J H7:7 G?070; G07?7? O@<0/@ V?00 $?/. E 58 @, ; 0 70@ 70@0 @ 7= 0 ;7?0 @ E/; N U;0 "/0 T? :70,=7?0 @ G?070; G07?7? B ?0 =70?;0; =/0 =7??70 <Q ;;0 @7007?0 =77?; :70;?/?7;. N / 0/ @ 07 L/?0 A:70 $/ M?/?0? M?/ G0/<; C? @ A;;?; 7 7;. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
48
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO A =07?7 @;;0 0 A70 =0;;07?0 0 /?@707 =7;; @ 7?0 @ 0 @7007?0 0?0/ </0@0 =070 0 70/?@0@ =/P?0 ;?0/ @ =0P;. A/? ;7070 07; O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ "@? Ra "07:;0 C? @ A;;?;. E 62 A; "0/ =0;; 0 @?7??7 07?;?0 07?;?0 0 =0?0. A@0=0; A@0=0; @ /;;?; /;;?; =0;;070 0 @?07 @?07 7=77?. E 7 @=?; @ /= @ 64 ; ?0707?0 0 0; B ; =770<0 ?/?07 ?/?07 0 7/?70 @ ;,0< ;,0< @0 ?;7?0 :70;?/?70 :70;?/?70 ):? T?70@; T?70@; 0 7<; Y;?0 ==/07. AP ;7?70 ; E@ L: C00 V/; T ) G0/ C;0 M07?0 ">?0. N;;0 0; =0;;070 =/ 7= 07; 0/ J; J0 @ O/?<?70 L?0 D07 D?0 S0 $0Q? A70= b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`0/@ @ A@70@. N;;0 0 0 / 7=7 0 70@? 70@? @7?;0 70@Q?@,0 70@Q?@,0 =070 =0/ @ 7? 7? 70 70 0 00 00@ @ T7=? T7=?0/ 0/?; ?; B 7?0 7?0 7=7 7=7;; ;; 0; 07; 07; =/;? =/;?0 0; ; 0 Y;?0 ?0 0 /?7070. C R@0 V?<0 @ C? "07B @ H/0@0 J; C/; C/; ; ; / / ?< ?<70 70 @ 7 7 0 077 0 Y7? Y7?00 @ 7= 7= =070 =070? ?/? /?07 07 CCC CCC B B 0 =/0?0 @0 =/P?0 ;=0 ; 07; @0 0 7 /; )Q M0 M07P/?0 70 R@7? S0?0 J70 O7 @=7@ 0 ;0/0 @ ;=/; B ; 0=7;0<0 T07 R E;:07. E7 ; 07; B =0;;070 =7 ;;0; 0; =@; @;007 R0 "7? =70?;0 @ B0; @0; /0; C/?0 H/0 R0/ C7Q !0/0 N0@? Ea $70Q7 E? -; B 70;?? 0 @?77 ;; 07; ;0 =7??0 ? @ @ S0?;/0;a B / 00 0=7@?@ ;0 RY;;?0 00/ C/@? C77?0 C0;7 $0Q? A70= "07?Q S0// $70@ ? 0: ?=70 0 @?>?0 @ 7= 0;;?; ?; @ @?7 ?7 7 7? ? M0 M07 M M@ @00 7 7 0 0; ; 7 7; ;.. G70?0; S7 7 @0 <?0 7= 07?0 L? T07 ? Y/? ;=/ 0 7 70@ 7=7;; @ 7P?0 =Y:/?. O =7;; @ @;070 @ 7= 7 7 70; ?;0; @0 7=7;; =/??0/ =/P?0 /<070 ;0 @?;;/ 19%2. J; C/; < P/? 0 19%9. (0@ </ 0 "70;?/ 0,; 0 /0 =/0 7=70 @0 =;; @ ;=0 @ 07 @=?; =/ ; :0 =7 ;0 770 0 <7@0@ 7;7 7; /@; =7 7</?7? 0?@0 B @?;P</ @ L?0 " "07@? E@; E/?. E/ ; </07?0 0 @?7??7 7 ;=/ 91 A; "0; 0 7/?70 @ A; C7?0@0; @ G. O < T07 O??0 , U;?0 UQ0 =0;; 0 ; 007 , ? 0:7 93 0 ?0/ 0@0=0 @ H0/ @ S0;=07. A =7@70 07?Q R E;:07 / "70;?/ 0=0 @0 =7@ @?0/ @0; 7; @?;?0;. 7 /0@ =7@Q? ;=/; 0/?; C?7? @ A<?; A<?; O "0/ O; M;7; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
4
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 70Q@ =070 70:0/07 0B? 07?;0; V?7 G07?0 J0 G J7 S0<07a $70@ A770:0/. S0 70 0?@0@ ? =7@70 @ ;?<0?; ?70?0?;. E %2 =7 =/ /0 0=7; =070 =Y:/? =0/?;0 ": W?/; 0 ?;7?0 0 @ T L? A@ T?; J;= S0/?. S $;?<0/ ?; ?7? 0 ; @?0; @ < 0?; ?=70 @ 7 "70;?/. U0 70 @ @7007; ;7? 7 ?0/ @; 0; 6& ?P? @; %&. S ; B ; =7@Q?@ 0 =07 @ /7 07 =0/?;0 , =70 :70;?/?7+ /P? M07; C;/ @ C0;7 L?/0 A;;= A]? "?<07 ) V? M7? 700... O; 0; %& 70 0; @ 07 @ 7;?;?0 @?0@70. 7@Q?,; 0 070 /?7070 @70?0 B 700<0 07?0 07?0 @0 B; B; =/P?0. =/P?0. R0 R0 "7? "7? G?070 G?070; ; G07?7? $70@ $70@ ? ? 70 70 ; :0/ :0/07 07 ;; @;; @;; 0 07 7.. 070 070/ // / 0 ;;0 ;;0 =7@ =7@ 7= 7= @ < <; ; @;</< 0 @7007?0 070@0 =/ 7 =/; 0; 0?; /<;. O 7= $00 M07?0 0@70 ?70@ =/; 07; @?77; 07; M?/ M0 R?07@ @ A/?@0 : =/. O7 Ra0/ "??0'; C=0a 70@ =7 0 70 70 @0 EAD , Na L07 L0770 700 0 $700 $7007/ 7/;; R?; R?; I/0 I/000 -`0;? -`0;?;a ;a J0@?7 J0@?700 M07? M07??? . . O @ M?0 @ ;=0 =070 0 70 @ @?0; $/ @ SQ0 C07/; M7 b0 b070 J070 M?70 H007 B /<070 =070 ;0; 077?70; ;/ 0 0707P;?0 @ ; /P@ /P@77 @?7 @?7 77 N0 N0 A/<; /<; @ SQ SQ0+ 0+ 0 0=0 0=0? ?@0 @0@ @ @ 70 70;? ;?0 077 ?0 ?0// 0/ 0/ =/0 =/0 @7007?0 @?7 70?0 ?7?; . N0 ; @;0 0: @7007 0 ;7? 7?0/P;?0 ?77</. D;00,; D;00,; 0: 0 =07?7 @;;0 =0 ; ; @ $0Q? A70= C.A. S7@?? $/ M7? M07?0 A@/0?@ A070/... O 0 0?; ?=70 @; 0; %& ? 0 @0 @ 7= M00P0 @=?; @0@ =070 CT ;: 0 @?7 @ ;; 0?; ?=70 @?77 A; $?/. O ;=/ M00P0 19%% 07 =07</ 0 @ V;?@ @ N?<0 =7 )?:?;a 1943 O R? @0 V/0 =7 ) C/; 1968. V?0 V?0 @ @ 7? 0 0 :;0 ;?0 ?0 B ; 0 0 ;=0 070?@ =/ S; =070 CT. A /?:70/?Q0 @ 7? ?0/ @; 0; %& 7 0 0<0/0 @ :70;,=7?0; B ; ;=0 7 ;?@ ?=@?@0 ? =@?@0 =/0 ;70 @ 07 0; =0/;. N0 <7@0@ =; ; ;?70 70@Q?7 70@ 07 0 ? ;70 @0 @?0@70. A; @0; :70;,=7?0; 7 ; R0;0 C70 @ O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ S?0/ @ V?@0 @ L07 C;07 M?Q. E 7 7?;7 =@,; @;007 0 =?0 0?0 @ J R?:?7 C0<; N. A @?<7;?@0@ @?<7;?@0@ 070 07 =0/?;0 @; 0; 8& 9& 0/?; @0; 0; A7; B0/B7 = @ =/00. @,; @;007 7 00; ?;0; 0 0=07? @0 ?70 07?;?0 @ G70/@ T0; /0 0 B; @0 =;,@7?@0@ 0=7 ? ?@?. N0 @7007?0 <7?; ; ;7?70 0; LP; A/:7 @ A:7 A:7 B 70/?Q0@ 0 :70 @ 0?7 ]/. A ?0 ?0 @ ; =@7?0 ;7 ?7?</. M0?; <0/ @?Q7 B S 0/ 0 @?0 @ 6& ;=/; 070Q =7 ;00 ; 07 ; ;=/; ?0?;. ( ;; =070@0 :7?07?0 =070 B0; 7=; ?70?0?; ;0 7 =/0 A7?0 L0?0. E B @ 07 0?; 7?0/ 0 0?; =7?0/ 70@ ;=0. Por i#ar 5a$a!i 5a$a!i
4. 6 SIM$OLISMO A =7??70 0@ @ ;/ ; 0707?Q0 =7 07 7?0/. A; =0?0; ; /?@70@0; =/; =7??7; 07; B ; <7 0 =7??=0/ 070 0?; B 0; =0; 0=7;0@0;. A; ; 0 B0@ : @7007 O@<0/@ V?00 ; 5! Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 0/?0 0 70@; ?7=7; 7=? $77?70 D/?0 @ M70;. O@<0/@ 0?@0 ?7@7 @0 =7;@?0 :70;?/?70 07 07/0@ 0 0 0/0; 0=7;0@0;. D 0 =7@ ? ?77/07 B ; /??0 0 =?07 07; 7=; ;0/<0,; ''E<0'' ''E<0'' @ J J @ R? =;@] =;@]? ? @ 0/ 0/ "077\ "077\ ''O C0 C0 ; =0/0<70;'' =0/0<70;'' @ R:7 R:7 G;\ ''A @?0 @ 70'' @ 0/ G0/<;. M0; ?;/0 7?0@ =/0 1x G770 M@?0/ 70 :7? 0?0/?;0 B ; 0?;0 ;: 0 70 @ ?0 7?0/ ''$/7; @ ;:70'' @ C/@? @ S;0 ''O@ 00 ;0:?'' @ G0; T?7. T?7.
4. 7 MODERNISMO , DÉCADA DE 2! 127 [ E:70 07 ;0 0 07 ; 0??@0 =/0 S00 @ A7 M@70 @ 1922 0 @ ;0; ;BZ?0; 0 7?0 =7 #/<07 M7?70 @ T07 @ "7?B@ RJ B ;7?0 0 =0 ''A@ E<0 7; :7; @0 0P/?0''. E;7?0 /?0 /B?0/ /0 0 =/0 =7??70 <Q =70?;0; @?; 07?0?;+ @? /0@7. $70@ =7 00@7; 7= =7= 07 @ /?. É @0 ?;77? 70 70 07 07 7?0/ 7?0/ ;?@70@ ;?@70@ @ :0? :0? P</. P</. E;; =/ =/ ;7 ;?@ =7 J70a J70a C007 ''D; / =0'' =7??70 =0 :70;?/?70 0 :7 ;;; 7?7.
4. 8 DÉCADA DE 3! 1833 [ A =0?0 =??70 ;?P@0 /;?<0 @ 07; :70;?/?7; 70@0 1833 =7 J C00 ?@ 0?7 ?7=7 @70? @0 =0. N R? @ J0 J0?7 ?7 @0 = =00 =7@ =7@ ? ?0 0 ; 07 07; ; =7 =7 ; ;; ; ; ;0 0 ; ; ;? ;?0 0;; @ 7= 7=; ; ;70?70; =7??=0/ 70;0; =7;0;. J C00 0: =7??7 0 ; =7=07 0 70;?;; @ ? ? ;:7 0 07 @ ?7=707 ;7<@ ;0; L?; D70?0; 0; B0?; =7?Q0 0 7=7;0 7=7;0 0?; /;;?0. 1838 [ A 70@?0 7>?0 A]? J; O 0 0 IB?;? @ G0/<; @ M00/; 0 =7??70 =0 @ 0 0?0/ ;7?0 =7 :70;?/?7. É /<0@0 0 =/ 07 J C00. É /00@ R? @ J0?7 RJ T07 @ E;@0 @ "70;?/ :?@ @?7??@ =7 0;0/ C07/; M0 / ;?P@ @ ?<7;?7?;. A =7??70 0 R J/?0 @ S0;=07 =70?Q0@0 =7 0/ 7 S]?0 O???0 @?7 @ I/?0 $0;0.
4. DÉCADA DE 4! 143+ E;7?0 0 =0 V;?@ @ N?<0 @ N/; R@7?; 0@0 =/ 7= 00@7 O; C@?0; @ R? @ J0?7. A @?7 @ ):??` )?:?;? [ É ?070@ S 0/ S T07 T07 "70;?/?7 @ C@?0 T"C\ ???0/ 0 0;0 @ ;=/; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
51
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 7?0@0 =070 0:7?07 ; 70:0/; @ 7=; 00@7;. D?; @;;; 7=; ; 7 @0 7<0 @ 07 :70;?/?7+ G7= @ T07 E=7?0/ GTE @ A/7@ M;B?0 G7= U?<7;?7? @ T07 GUT @ D? @ A/?@0 70@. N 0 ;? T"C ; =7?;;?0/?Q0 0 700 @ 07; @ @?77 ?0/?0 A@/ C/?. U 7=77? /? ;?P@ @ 70@; ; /;;?; @7; 0/ @ @?0; @ : P</ 70,; 0 ]?0 @;;0 =0?0 B /?@70@0 =7 $70 )0=07? ; =7P@ 7 070 0 @0; 0?; ?=70; 0;; @ 07 :70;?/?7. O T"C 770 ;0; 0?@0@; 1964. O70; =0?0; ; 70 ; ;; /@;+ T07 =/07 @ A7 @ M07?0 D//0 C;0 0 C?0. Na@?0 LP?0,S7? C07@; T07 C0?/@0 "7 0 C?0. T]?0,C/?,A70. A/7@ M;B?0 @0 0 E;/0 @ A7 D70?0 EAD S 0/ S @; =7??=0?; 7; @ 70 @ 07;.
4. . 1 CONTRI$UIÇÃO ESTRANGEIRA N0 @0@0 @ 4& 0/; 07; @ L; 7= 7?0,; "70;?/. E7 /; ; 70?0 E? -; 07 =7;;7 B <0? 7 ?=7>?0 7?0/ 0 =7??70 0; @ T07 O??0 0 ?7@Q?7 @ 7?7 @ S0?;/0<;?\ =/; ):??` )?:?;? B 70 G;0< S00 R;0 @0 O; C@?0; ; B0?; 0 ?70@// E O'N?// A77 M?//7. O 70:0/ @ )?:?;? ''V;?@ @ ?<0'' @ N/; R@7?; 0@0 1943 70;70 =0=/ @ @?77 @ 07 "70;?/. A ; ?0 0 ?70 @ @?77 7;=;</ =/0 /?0 ;?0 @ ;=/ / 70 0=0; ;0?0@7.
4. . 2 MODERNI)AÇÃO DO TEATRO GB= T$C , T0= $/= 9 C=@9+ E 1948 ?@;7?0/ ?0/?0 $70 )0=07? @0 S 0/ T07 "70;?/?7 @ C@?0 T"C 07 0 ?;7?0 @ 07 :70;?/?7. A =;? @ =7=@7>?0 B =0 @<,; ?7=70 @ <; 0/;+ NP@?0 LP?0 0/ A70 C0?/@0 "7 S7? C07@; ?=70 @; @?77; ?0/?0; L?0 S0/ A@/ C//? B 0@0 0 707 ; :70;?/?7; $/ R0/ A; $?/. C ;;; S 0/ T"C 0:7 0 ?/?0/ R?. A; =0?0; @ E<0 T@7 M07?0 D//0 C;0 D/?0 O@?/ 7=? "?:? $77?70 ; 700@0; =070 7;?07 70/ ;0; /]?0;. O; =7:/0; 7?0@; =7 0 ;770 70@ 7;0 0 7 @ $70 )0=07? ?;; 7 ; :7; @ / 0Q B 0 / @0 @0@0 @ 5& T"C ; @;:7 ; 7=; @+ T]?0 C077?7 0/ A70 M0707?@0 Ra @?7??@ =7 A@/ C//?\ @ C0?/@0 07?@ W0/7 C00; 0 ?7 C/a@ b?; @?7??@ =7 )?:?;?\ T07 @; S @ $70@0 M7 I0/ R;;? S7? "7?\ @ S7? C07@; NP@?0 LP?0. 4. . 3 SERVIÇO NACIONAL DO TEATRO $@0@ ? @; 0; 4& =07?0 0 7?0 @ 7=; =7?0?; 0 0 @ <; ; :70;?/?7; ''A 70=;0 0; <0;'' @ G?/7 @ $??7@ 0/00@ 7?7. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
52
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO N<; 7=7;0; @ 07 @ ;; ; @7 "/ ''A; ; @ E7P@?'' 7?;0 M?//]7 $70@; ''D 00 @ @''.
4. 1! DÉCADA DE 5! 153+ $@0 @ T07 @ A70 @ S 0/ =7 J; R0. A =7?P=? 0=0; 0 0?<0 @ ?<0 ;=0?0/ 00:0 ;@ 7;=;</ =/0 ?7@ @ /; 7<0@7; 0 @7007?0 0 0 :70;?/?70;. A 0 @ E/; N U;0 "/0,T? @ G?070; G07?7? 1958 ?7@Q 0 /0 @ /0;;; ?0. S: 0 /?@700 @ A; "0/ A70 70 <; 07; 0@0=0 ; /;;?; =070 B ;7 0 70/?@0@ :70;?/?70. C0 ?=/00 @ ;?;0 7?0 B0/ @;0=07 0 @ =70?;0 70:0/; A70 C0 ):? 1965 A70 C0 T?70@; 196% B 0Q 0 7; ?;7?0 0?0/. O A70 7?0 19%&. 158+ ) C/; R0 "7? C07/; (?7Q T//; A?7 H0@@0@ 7 7; @0 7= 00@7 [ 00@ T07 O??0 [ 0 $0/@0@ @ D?7? @ L07 S $70?; S 0/ S. S; ?70; =0;;0 =7 0 0; ;0?;/0<;?00 ?7=70 70/?;0 7?0@0 =/ @7007 7;; S0?;/0<;? 7?0@0 =7 E? -;. A =0 0?; ?=70 @;; =7P@ O; B; "7;; 1963 @ M0? G7?. L 0=; 0 0/?0 0 @ O R? @0 V/0 196% @ O;`0/@ @ A@70@ 7= </? =070 0 0; :7?00 ?7=70 @?;0?0@0 @;</@0 =/ 0/ "7/ "7 G0/?/ G0/?/? 1968 N0 S/<0 @0; C?@0@; 1969 ;=7 ;: 0 @?7 07P;?0 @ J; C/;. C 0 :70 /?<0 G70?0; S|7 ???0,; 0 00@0 0; ?770?0/?;0 @ O??0. U0 <0 7/0 ;=0 =Y:/? 7/ 0; =7@0; @00; =/0; B0?; 7= =0;;0. E;;0 0; ; 770 A; T7; I7; 19%3 @ T<. 4. 1!. 1 #REOCU#AÇÃO COM A TEM%TICA SOCIAL NO TEATRO N0 @0@0 @ 5& ; ; 070?; ; 070@; =/0 =7=0 0; B;; ;?0?;. ''O 00@7 @ =7;;0;'' @ D?0; G; , 0: 07 @ /</0; , ; 70;70 70@ ;;; 0@0=0@0 =070 ?0 1962 =7 A;/ D07. O ?/ 00 0 0/0 @ O7 C0;. N/; R@7?; B ?7070 ;0 7=0 ''O 0 7'' ''#/: @ 0P/?0'' ''A 0/?@0'' @;=70 =/?0 ''7@0, =7 70P7;'' ''"? 0;0/'' ''"??0 0; 7@?7?0'' ;?@70@0; ;0@0/;0;. J7 A@70@ 7700 0 @0@?0 @0 07?;70?0 770/ =0/?;0 ''A 707?0'' 0 0;; @0; /0;;; <0; ''O; ;;; @ :07''. $70 @ ? R?,S 0/ A7?0 S0;;0 0; @?0; //7?0; ''O 0 @0 C=0@?@0'' ''O ;0 0 =70'' 7Q0 @/ 70;?;0 @0; =0; @ G?/ V? 0 ?0 //7?0 7@;?0. J7 A@70@ 1922,1984 0; "077; ?7?7 @ S 0/. C0 0 077?70 @ @7007 ??<0@ =/0 07?Q C0?/@0 "7. N0 @0@0 @ 5& ;7< =0; @70?0; ; 0; 6& ;7?0 0; @?0; ''A ;0@0'' ''O; ;; @ :07'' 0:0; 70;70@0; </0; @ /;. 070 0 TV ;7< 0: 0; </0; ''O 7?'' ''A; 0?<0;''. A /0@ @ N/; R@7?; @ @0 :70 070/ 0?; ;???0?<0 @ "70;?/+ Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
53
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO /0 ; @;00 @Y?0; @ 00?; @0 ?/7>?0 ''V7@0; @0 ;0/<0'' @/?0@ ; 0:?7? @ ''R0; 07;''.
4. 11 DÉCADA DE 6! U0 7;0 70 @ @7007; ?77= 0 0 :70;?/?70 ;;0 @0@0. E7 /; @;00,; /P? M07; A]? "?<07 L?/0 A;;= C;/ @ C0;7 J; V?.
164+ O 7= O=?? 70 0?@0@ R? @ J0?7 0@0=0@ ;`; ;?0?; =070 =0/ @;</<@ 70:0/ 070/ @ 077 =/P?. R;=;</ =/ /00 @ ) -? M07?0 ">?0 70/?Q0 0 0 @0 =0 S C777 "? 0 S $?07 "? C @ O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ $77?70 G//07. 168+ E;7?0 C?7? @ A<?; @ A770:0/. E; ;=/ O "0/ @ G 0:; @?7??@; =7 V?7 G07?0 =7@Q?@; =7 R E;:07 070 ?7;; @ 07 :70;?/?7 0 0; @ ;0@?0; ?0; 0 ;=0?0?; B0 ?0;.
4. 12 DÉCADA DE 7! 4. 12. 1 CENSURA N0 @0@0 @ %& 0 ;70 ?=;0 =/ <7 ?/?07 0 0 0. O; 07; ; :7?0@; 0 707 0 /?0 B @7?:/ ; ;7; ;0 0;;P</ 0 ;=0@7. N;;0 0; ;7 @0 0 70 @ <; @7007; 0 :70 <0? ;/?@07,; 0 / @0; @0@0; @ %& 8&+ M7? 700 ";0 $0Q? A70= O 07 @ A]? "?<07 C7@/?0 "70;?/ L?/0 A;; $0/0 :0? ; 7? C;/ @ C0;7 C0? @ </0 I;0:/ C>070 A; 0; J; V? O 0;;0/ C07/; (?7Q T//; $7? C00 R:7 A0a@ A=07 0 0707?@0 M07?0 A@/0?@ A070/ D :70; 0:7; J R?:?7 C0<; N 0?0 $/ M7? R<?// N0 A/<; @ SQ0 N N00/ 0 < :;07. M070 =0 0: 0; 0; ?0; S 0/ =/ 07? V?7 G07P0+ ''C?7? @ 0<?;'' @ $70@ A770:0/ ''O :0/'' @ J0 G , ;0 Y/?0 / 0 0 @/?7 ?70 T07 R E;:07 =070 ;7?7 7? 0 ?;0 ;=?70/ /?0 0 / @0 B0/ ; ;0 ; ;=0@7;. • • • • • • • • • • • • •
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54
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO C 0?770 @0 00 @0 ;70 0 @7007?0 =0;;0 0 ; =7;;07 =7 ? @ 70;. A=;07 @?;; $0Q? A70= ;7< =0; B 7/ ;:7 07 0; =; 0/70?<0; @ @0 0 ;;0/?@0@. S7 @?<7;; 7=; 070?; 70@; =7 <; 07; @?77;. N R? @ J0?7 @;00,; A;@7Y:0/ T7 T7: ;=/ T70, L 7700 @0 0 70 @ /0;; @?0 ;;0/ @ D;=707 B 0@0 ;; 0=; 0 0 @ O D;=707 @0 7?0<70 @ W@?@. E S 0/ ;7 0 Ra0/ "?0c; C=0a 0 7?0 /?<0 O ( V V0? S7 (0@ C7;7\ ;;0/ @ VP7 ;0P@ @0 EAD 0 =0 VP7 A; C7?00; @7 @ R7 V?70\ @ M?0 ;?P@ =7 0/; @ N0 A/<; @ SQ0 B ; /00 =7?;;?0/ 0 0 /?<0 $//?0; "P:/?0; 19%%\ M0:: 0;?@ ;: 0 /?@700 @ C07/; A/:7 S7@?? @ B 7=7;0 V ";07, ( A?@0 S T\ T07 @ O7?77? @ C0 R;; LP; R:7 G0/?Q?0 B ???0 ;0 077?70 ; =7; @ O??0 ;=/; O; M0?; $7; O7?77? C00 "7,W?// @ 19%%.
174+ A=; 0 ?<0; @ T07 O??0 =/0 =/P?0 ) C/; =07 =070 0, P/? 70/ M0:?B. R7;;0 0 "70;?/ 19%8 @0@ ?P? 0 0 <0 0; @ O??0 B =0;;0 0 ; 007 UQa0,UQ0. 178+ E;7?0 @ M00P0 =/ 7= 0 "70;?/ @?7 @ A; $?/. I070,; 0 <0 /?0 ?0 :70;?/?70 B 0; ?0; 0 ;0 70 @0 0770?<0. C ;; ;=/ A; $?/ 0 70 0=0 ;0 077?70 7 @ C7 @ ;B?;0; T070?; CT B0/ @;</< ?; ;@ ;:7 70:0/ @ 07. G70@; 0; ;0; 0Q 077?70 ?70?0/+ N/; R@7?; E7 R7\ R J/?0 @ S0;=07\ X?0 @0 S?/<0 @ LP; A/:7 @ A:7\ A H70 0 VQ @ A; M0700 0@0=0@ @ G?07; R;0\ N<0 V/0 H?;7?0\ G?/0;\ V7@0 @0 S0/<0 @ J7 A@70@ 17+ A ;70 @?0 @ ;7 =70 </0 0 7 077 0=0; /0;;??07?. É /?:70@0 0@0 R? @ J0?7 0 =0 R0;0 C70 @ O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ B 70 =7?0@0 7; @ S7 N0?0/ @ T07 ;?@0 =7?:?@0. 4. 12. 2 NOVAS #RO#OSTAS A =07?7 @ ?0/ @0 @0@0 @ %& 0=07 7=; @ 7?0 /?<0 ?77<7 ?<0@7;. ''T70, /'' @ A;@7Y:0/ T7 T7: 0:7@0 ?7?; 0 0/0 @ =7;=?<0; @0 0@/;?0 7</0 0 07?Q R?0 C0;. ''S0/0@0 =0/?;0'' @ @ M?0 0: 0/0 ; 7 ; =7:/0; @ ?@?0. J ''N0 077?70 @ @?'' @ A/:7 S7@?? :0;?0,; 0 =;B?;0 @ 7= ;;0/ @ VP7 ;:7 0 @;;770 @ @ 0?=?70. A; $?/ 0=/0@?@ =7 ;0 0@0=0 @ ''M00P0'' @ M7? @ A@70@ N/; R@7?; ''O 7 77''. L?Q A/:7 @ A:7 ''"//0 ?0'' $/ @ SQ0 ''$?0 ? ;0 ?'' A/?@; N?70 ''L0 @ C?'' ''O=70 Ja'' @;00,; 7 ; 07;. O O7?77? @ C0 R;; LP; R:7 G0/?Q?0 ?070 ''O; =7?0;'' @ S7?@:7 7?0/ @0; 0; @ -7 W?/ "7 0 7/0 @77@ 7??0/. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
55
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO O; ;=/; =;7?7; @ R;; ''U:'' @ A/7@ J077a =/? ''T/@'' @ 00/ A/:7 "0@//0 ''S; @ 0 ? @ <7'' ''C@?0 @; 77;'' @ S0;=07 ; 7?0/ :,;@?@;. A; $?/ 1929, 0 0 70:0/07 07 @?7??@ 7= @ ;@0;. N0 @0@0 @ 5& 70:0/0 0;;?; @ @?7 T"C. N ?0/ @; 0; %& 7= 07 0?; 7?0/ ;0 0 @ M00P0 @ M7? @ A@70@ @; 07; @ 07 :70;?/?7. C N/; R@7?; 7 77 0 B /:0 0; =0; T@0 @Q ;7 0;?0@0 O; ; 0?; "? 0;0/ #/: @ 0P/?0 70Q 0 0 @?;;; ;:7 0 :70 @ N/; R@7?;. N C7 @ ;B?;0; T070?; =;B?;0 @ :70;?/?7 @ 0Q7 07. T@?0; 00?; M070@0 =/0 =/70/?@0@ @ = 070/. O 70:0/ @; @?77; 70,; 0?; ?@ @ B @; 07;.
4. 13 DÉCADA DE 8! A @?<7;?@0@ =7??=0/ 0;= @ 07 @; 0; 8&. O =7P@ ; 0707?Q0 =/0 ?/?0 @ =;,@7?; 070@ =/0 ? @0 ;?0 70@??0/ @70. O = @;;0 /?0 @?77 @7007 G70/@ T0;. M0; C07 $?/7 E/70 C70 (07 0=7;0 0=7 ? ?@?. S; ;=/; @ 70@ ?=7>?0 70?0 770?0. N<; 7=; 070?; "? V0@7 XTO 0: =7?7?Q0 0; /?0; ;0?; ;70;. O @?77 U/a;;; C7Q @0 =0?0 "? V0@7 @;00,; 0 0 @ $70; @ D?;7; A7; :0;0@ @ R/0@ "07;. O7; <; 0@7; J; ;;? N D "70; A:7; R:7 L0 M T? I007 M7? A7/? L0 @ C? ;; 70:0/; 7?@;. C0 R;; @?77 @ O7?77? ; ] @ =Y:/? U: @ A/7@ J077a. N0 @7007?0 =7@?0 :;?7/ [ @?0 @ ;; B =/70 ;?0; 0:;7@0;. O 7; R? @ J0?7 =7??=0?; 7=7;0; M?/ $0/0://0 V? 7?70. E S 0/ ;7 ; M07?0 A@/0?@ A070/ $/ @ SQ0 A/?@; N?70 N0 A/<; @ SQ0 M07 R0;?. T70?7 C07 É S C07 @ M07; C07; J0@?70 M07?? 70,; @; 70@; ;;;; 7?0?; @0 @0@0. LP; A/:7 @ A:7 [ B ;7< =0; "//0 C?0 X?0 @0 S?/<0[ @; 07; :70 @ 0?7 ]/ B 070<;;0 0: ; 0; 9&.
187+ A 07?Q =77?0 D?; S/; @;=0 ?70?0/ 077?70 ;/. O ;=/ M07a S07 0=7;0@ N<0 b7 ; E;0@; U?@; 0/ :?@ =7 /0. S 70:0/ 00@ @ 07 ;;?0/ =7B ?/?Q0 P? @ 77;; 07?0?; ? @; =7=7?; ?; @ 07 B ; 7= 0 <Q =;0.
4. 14 DECADA DE ! N 0= @0 0 0 @?0 ;0/?@0@ < 77 70@0?< =0/0<70 =7 ? @0 0 @ /;;?;. D7 @;;0 /?0 @;0B 7= T0=0 V;?@ @ N?<0 @ N/; R@7?; A M70 D0@0 @ W?//?0 S0;=07. O =7?0/?; ?0 0/00 ;;; @ =Y:/? 7P?0 ; ;=/; 070P; 7@?@ 1992 O L?<7 @ J 1995 @ A]? A70Y. O @?77 70/?Q0 0 0 7?0/?Q0@0 ?/?Q0,; @ ;=0; ?; ,<?0?; [ 0 ?70 56 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO ;=?0/ 7;=?<0. A; ?0; ?7;; 0: ; 0@0@0; =7 <7?; 7=;. E 199& 7?0@ ; 07/0=0; 0?; 0;=0/;. A ?70 @ =0/0 ;0@0 0 /0@ @0 @7007?0 :,70@0 @ H ;;/ @; :7; @ 7=. T0: 00 =7 0 07 @ :7?0 @ =70:0 A]? N:70. O 07 Y;? :0?/07? =/70 /0@ /Y@? 0 0 070/ =70@ Y;?0; @00; 7?0?;. O7; ; @ @;0B ; "?0 L;;0 V?0 0 C7 @0 T770 G0:7?/ V?///0 A V?@0 É S. N ?0/ @0 @0@0 00 ?=7>?0 @?77 S7? @ C07<0/ @0 C=0?0 @ L0. S 7= 70/?Q0 70:0/ @ =;B?;0 ;:7 07 @?0/? @ "7/ "7 B 7;/0 ; ;=/; E;0? ;:7 L0 S00 J00 @; M00@7;.
13+ O @?77 ) C/; 70:7 T07 O??0 0 0 @ H0/ /;;? @ S0;=07. ) C/; =0 =7 0 0@0=0 B 0 0 ;?0 =/P?0 ]?0 ;?0/ @ "70;?/. 18+ E;7?0 D;?0 @ R00 M/ ;=/ B 7 ?/?0 @0 @00. E;;0 0 @ ;BZ?0 0 70:0/ ???0@ 1994 "?0 L0=?. S0 :70 ; @00 0 /0:70 @0 @7007?0 =/; 07; =7 ? @ ;@ @ =70 7=70/ @0; =7;0;. 1+ A; $?/ 0=7;0 $70; T7?0; :0;0@0 A; T7?00; @ E7P=@;. /0 =7??70 <Q @?77 0 0 =0 70. E;;0 0 7;/0@ @0 77/0 @ ; @ @ ?7=70 0/?70@ =;B?;0; @ ?=;0 @0 <Q =;70 7=70/ @; 07;. 4. 14. 1 COM#ANHIAS NACIONAIS L=/@ $7; 7?0 0 =7??70 =0?0 ??70 0?0/ @=?; @ </07 @ 70/ 19&8 =770 ?07 0 @? 070/ :70;?/?70 /?<7 @; 0?7?;; 7@0@; @ 07; =7;;. 070 ; 7= 7?: V?7?0 C770 S/ @ ;7 O@<0/@ V?00 A 0;0 @ ? @7 A70@ GQ00 C0/0 0 :0 E/0~. N0; @0@0; @ 3& 4& J0? C;0 7=? $77?70 A:?0?/ M0?0 D/?0 @ M70; @0 ;0; =7=7?0; =0?0; 0?<0; 0 ? @; 0; 5&. A Y070 E<0 T@7 070/?Q0@0 :70;?/?70 ; 07?@ LP; I/;?0; ''C<0; @ <7'' 0/ @ 0=7;07 @?0; /<; 7</0 ; @ "707@ S0` $7 M/7 H7a I:;.
4. 15 REVOLUÇÃO NA DRAMATURGIA O =??7 @0 @70 @7007?0 :70;?/?70 N/; R@7?; B ;7? 0 :70 7 7??0/ =@ ?;? @0 /0;; @?0 ;; ?Y; /70; ?;; 0@/7?;. N/; R@7?; 1912,198& 0; R? 0?@0 7?00 @0,; =070 R? @ J0?7. $?/ @ 70/?;0 0 0; 13 0; 0 70:0/07 7=77 70/ @ =0?. R;/< ;7<7 =070 07 =070 007 ;0 7@0. S0 =7??70 =0 0@0 ''M/7 ; =0@'' 1942. M0; 07 @0 @70 @7007?0 :70;?/?70 ''V;?@ @ N?<0'' , Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
57
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 707? ;0@ ;:7 0; /:700; @/P7?; @ 0 /7 B 0?Q0 @70 0 ?77?0.
4. 16 ESCOLAS DE TEATRO E 1938 0;0/ C07/; M0 7?0 R? @ J0?7 T07 @ E;@0 =7??7 7= ;7? @ 07 00@7. C ''H0/'' /00@ S7? C07@; B 0?; 07@ ;7 0 =7??70 ;7/0 @ =0/ 0 707,; ==/07 07 @ /</0;. E 1948 A/7@ M;B?0 @0 S 0/ 0 E;/0 @ A7 D70?0 EAD. A?@0 1948 ''O 0;0 00@'' LY?0 "@? /00 0; :0;; @ 07 ?0?/ ?7=70@ =7 0@/;\ ;0 ;?@70 0?; ?=70 M07?0 C/070 M00@ ''/ 00;?0'' ''O 70= @0; :/?0;'' B 0 @0@0 @ 5& 7?0 T0:/0@ ?=70 7 @ 70 @ 07; 0?@0 0?@0@.
4. 17 A CONTESTAÇÃO NO TEATRO A =07?7 @ ?0/ @; 0; 5& 0 7?0 @ T"C @ @07 =7?7?@0@ 0 ; ;70?7; ?=707 0@7; 7=; 0;0@0 @ ;7 /70/ /?Q0@0 =7 0 <0 70 @ 07; @?77; B =77 ; 0?0?; 0; ;?=/;. C7; 0 =7=0 ;?0/ @?<7;; 7=; 070 07 7700 =/P?0 0=0Q @ 7?:?7 =070 @00; 0 70/?@0@ :70;?/?70. O T07 @ A70 B ; =0/ ?7/07 00 0 ???@0@ 7 0 =/0?0 ; 07; 0 <; @7007; , A; "0/ ''M07?@ 07 /7 00'' G?070; G07?7? ''E/; ;0 :/0,?'' O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ ''C0=:0 $:/ C/:'' , 0Q ;?0?; ''A70 0 ):?'' B =70 0/ J; D?0 S0. T70:0/ ;/0 @ J; C/; M07?Q C770 G7= O??0 0: @ S 0/+ 0/ @ 07 ''O; =B; :7;;'' @ G7? ''G0/?/ G0/?/?'' @ "7 ''A@770'' @ M0 $7?; 7@;:7 ''O 7? @0 </0'' ;7? 1934 =7 O;`0/@ @ A@70@ 0; =7?:?@ =/ E;0@ N<\ 7?0 ''R@0 <0'' @ Y;? C? "07B @ H/0@0. C? 00 ? 0 7?/0 ;70 =070 ''V?@0 7 ;<7?0'' 0 7@;? @ N00/ @ J C0:70/ @ M/ N 0@ =/ T07 @0 U?<7;?@0@ C0/?0 @ S 0/ T0 =7?0@ $;?<0/ I70?0/ @ T07 @ N0a 0 $700. O; =0;;; @ A70 @ 0; ??@0 =/P?0; ; ;?@; =/ G7= O=?? @ R? @ J0?7. S 0?7 ;;; ''S 777 :? =0 ; ?07 :? '' @ O@<0/@ V?00 $?/. N ?0/ @0 @0@0 @ 6& < ?=/; @7007?0 70/?;0 @0@ =7 /P? M07; ''D?; =7@?@; 0 ? ;0'' ''N0<0/0 0 07''. O7; 07; ?=70; ; "7/? @7; ''O 07@'' L07 C;07 M?Q ''O ;0 ?/07;''. G?070; G07?7? 1934, 0; M?/. 07??=0 @0 7?0 @ T07 @ A70. ''E/; ;0 :/0,?'' , ?;7?0 @ 0 0P/?0 @ =77?; @70 0 7< ;0; @?7; =;?; =/P?0; , 07 @ 07 @ ?0 ;?0/. J A; "0/ 0 ''A70 0 ):?'' @ ; ;0@0; ?0; @ 07 :7?0. E7 ;0; =0; @;00, ; 0: ''U 7? =070@ 07'' '' @ =07?@0''. T70:0/0 07 @ ?0 E/; ;0 :/0,? G0?? @ </0;. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO /?? M07; 1935, 0; S0; ?/ @ :07?. A:0@0 @ 0 ;/0. T70:0/0 @?<7;0; =7?;;; , =77? 0/] 0@7 @ :/ 07. E 196% =/@ ''D?; =7@?@; 0 ? ;0'' ''N0<0/0 0 07'' =0; B 7700 0 @0 @; 07?0?; @0 ;?@0@. S0 ?0 70/?;0 /?0 07;;?<0 0 =07 @ =Y:/? 0Q B ;0; =0; ;0 7BZ ;70@0;. A=; @Q 0; ; =:/?07 /00 ''A @00 ?0/'' 1994. V?< @0 <@0 @?70 @ ;; /?<7; @0 /?70 @ 07]. O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ 1936,19%4 0; S 0/. $?/ @ @7007 O@<0/@ V?00 70,; ?@ V?0?0. É @; @0@7; @ T07 @ A70 @ G7= O=??. S0; =0; ''C0=:0 $.C.'' ''S ?07 :? =0 ; 777 :? '' ''L0 ? @ 7?;0/'' ''0=0 H??7'' ''R0;0 70 '' 70;70 @; 0?; ?=70; @7007; :70;?/?7;. ''R0;0 70'' ;P; @ 07 :70;?/?7 @ ; = ?0 ;70@0 =7 ? 0; @70 7? ?/?07 ; 0@0 19%9 0=; ;0 7.
4. 18 NOVOS AUTORES E S 0/ @;00,;+ O $7?0; $?/ TP=? 7>? R07 N? M07? $/0?0 D0 C?;0 A/00B "70;?/. M07; C07; J0@?70 M07?? 0Q ;;; 70 M?;7?0. N R? @ J0?7 ;7 :;?7/ B 0 7 ?77<7?0 0<00 =070 0?; 7P?. O; 0?; ?@; @7007; @;;0 /?0 ;+ M?/ $0/0://0 A =07?/0 C 7 :?BP? ;/<0 N 70 @ "70;?/ M07 R0;? "00/0 @ 077Q 7? =070 @?; V?0 0 $7/P. • • • •
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4. 1 NOVOS DIRETORES C7<7;?0 70 0; 0; @ G70/@ T0; + C07 ?/7 E/70 0 7?/?0 @ 0@0=0; @ -00. E7 ; 07?0; @;00,; M0a7 G; A ;/0 @ :; E7?B DP0Q B 0; 22 0; ;7=7@ A "0 0 ( :0;0@ J7 LP; "7;. O =0/?;0 U/a;;; C7Q 7= "? V0@7 0 V/; 07??7; TP=? 7>?. T0: @;=0 0/ @ ??7 G0:7?/ V?///0 B 0Q 07 @ 70 G7= G0/= @ "/ H7?Q R J/?0 0;;?0 0; 0; @ A @0 ; @ C0/@7 @ /0 "070 A 770 ;00 0/ @ 0 / A $0/?@0 @ N/; R@7?;. "?0 L;;0 C070; =7;0; O7/0@ 7?0 ;/; 7?0; 7??0?; 0Q 0 /?70 70 =;;0/ @ ; /;;?;. A 0@0 @?0 <; ; :7?/0 7? 070/ :70;?/?7. O; ; B 0=7;0; 0B? ; 0=0; 0/; 7 ; ?; 7; B 00 =7 ; ?; "70;?/. A/7@ 7?70 @0 S?/<0 $?/ AP;? M@?7; C/@? L;? C/; G70?0 D0?/0 T0; $/ R0/ • • • • • •
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5
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
$/ I=7? $70?; MQQ? G0:7?/ V?//0 H/? E?:07 H7?B M0Q ) H7?B @ 0/0 J; @ A?0 J; @ A?0 C;0 J; C07/; S77? J.C. S77? J; L0@7 @ C07<0/ J07Q M00@ M07?0 "? N0 A/<; @ SQ0 R/ L:07@? R;0 M00/; S00 R;0 S0 S0/@077? U/?;;; C W0; R@7?; J0B? L=; @ "077; C0:70/
4. 2! CENÓGRA&OS ESTRANGEIROS RADICADOS NO $RASIL • • • • • •
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4. 21 LISTA DAS COM#ANIAS DE TEATRO $RASILEIRO , ATIVAS E INATIVAS E"TINTAS. A 0?7?0 @;0; =0?0; ; 70@0 ? R?,S 0/. • • • • • •
A@0; C?0. T070/ A;@7Y:0/ T7 T7: C?0. A C?@0@ M@0 C?0. A7=?0A:0=7 C?0. "; U7:0; C?0. C0;0 @ A77Q
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
C?0. C?0 N0 @ !07; C?0. D7a G0/<; C?0. D/?0 CER , C?0. E;</ @ R=77? C?0. @ $? C?0. J0? C;0 C?0. @ L0 C?0. L /0 @ J7 C?0. L?0; A70; C?0. Na@?0 LP?0,S7? C07@; C?0. @ Ó=70 S0 C?0. 7=? $77?70 C?0. @0 R;0 C?0. S J7 @ V07?@0@; C?0. T070/ A; G700; C?0 E/<0@7 @ T07 07>? C?0. T]?0,C/?,A70 C?0. T7= @ A7 C?0. T7; C?0. V70 N; C?7 G70?? C?7 MP? C?@0@ ( M00 $7070/ C=0?0 @ A7; M0/0;07; G;; , NY/ @ ;B?;0 C7?0 T070/ G7= $/?0; G7= M00P0 G7= M0:: G7= O=?? G7= R@? G7= TAA G7= @ T07 E=7?0/ G7= U?<7;?7? @ T07 G7= XTO L0 MP?0 NY/ "07/ @ D=?; O; C@?0; O; $; E0 O; S0a7; 07/0=0; 0?; 0;=0/; B T07 @ C@?0 ?0 $70; @ M?0 T0:/0@ @ A7707
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
T07 @ A0@7; @ 70: T07 @ A70 T07 @ "7?B@ T"C,T07 "70;?/?7 @ C@?0 T07 @ E;@0 @ R? @ J0?7 T07 E=7?0/ M?0 T07 I;0 T07 J< T07 O??0U)bNA U)ONA T07 @ O7?77? T07 =/07 @ A7 T07 =/07 @ SESI T07 =/07 U? O/ V?< T07 @; (07 T07 V7 T07 @0 V7?
4. 22 AUGUSTO $OAL :0/•7?.7.:7 A; ? "0/ R? @ J0?7 0 16 @ 07 @ 1931 @?77 @ 07 @7007 ;0P;0 :70;?/?7 0 @0; 70@; ?70; @ 07 =7> ?70?0/. $@0@7 @ T07 @ O=7??@ ;0; ?0; =7?0; @?@?70,; =/ @ 0@0 0; 7; Y/?0; @0@0; @ ;/ XX ;@ /070 =70@0; ; =7 0B/; B @ 07 ?;7 @ 0?=0 =/P?0 0; 0: 0; 70; @ @0 ;0Y@ 0/ ;?;0 =7?;?0/. N0; =0/0<70; @ "0/ F o *eatro do Opri#ido é o teatro no sentido #ais arcaico do ter#o. *odos os seres /u#anos s%o atores porque atua# e espectadores porque o$ser&a#. "o#os todos HespectatoresH. €1 O @7007 ?@ ; =7 ;0 =07??=0 T07 @ A70 @0 ?@0@ @ S 0/ 1956 0 19%& 0; ;:7@ =7 ;0; ;; @ *eatro do opri#ido ?;=?70@0; 0; =7=;0; @ @0@7 0/ $7?7. T 0 :70 ;7?0 =7;;?<0 70@Q?@0 0?; @ /P0; ;0; =; ; ;@0@; 0; =7??=0?; ;/0; @ 07 @ @. O /?<7 *eatro do opri#ido e outras poéticas polticas 700 @ ;?;0 @ 7P?; F/; 7=70?;F ; @?/; 7=70?; ?0; @ 07,?0 B ;@ 07 =@ ;7 ?/?Q0@0; ; =7 07; 0; =7 @0; 0; =;;0;. O T07 @ =7??@ 7; @ @?; ; E;0@; U?@; 0 $700 "70;?/ 0 ?@0@ @ R? @ J0?7. S0 00 0?; 7 70,; </0@0 =070 07 @ =7??@ 0=/?0@ 0; ; 7 07 ?@0@0?0. A<0/?0@ 0 0:70?0 @ ;0 707?0 7P? b0 M?0/;? @;00+ F... A /= @ 1964 0 00 @ A; "0/ 7 @ T07 @ A70 ? @?;?<0 =070 707 =7?/ @; 0?; ?=70; =0;;; B 07 :70;?/?7 @ 0 70@0 7 0; @0@0; @ 5& 6&. U0 =7?/?0@0 :?0 7 =7@; ?; ;=?0/?Q0@; 0 ; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
62
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO =77;;?;0 @0 ;?0/ @ 07 7?,/ ;;0 0; 0 @;00@0 =;? @ /?@700. E7 /= 0 ;0 ;0P@0 =070 P/? ;;0 /?@700 70;7?,; =070 0= @0 7;?;?0 70 07:P7? ? 7?@0 70 @7?0. N P/? 7?/0@ 0 ;0 0 =070 77 ?7@?7? 7 07 =@0?0 / /0 ;; @; B 7070 ;???0?<0 7=?@0@ =/ @ 070 ?Q70 @/ @ 07 :70;?/?7 0?; ?@ 7;=?0@ 70 @ ; =0P;F.
4. 22. 1 &AMÍLIA E ESTUDOS A; "0/ 0; ;:Y7:? @0 0 R? @ J0?7. $?/ @ =0@?7 =7; J; A; "0/ @0 @0 @ 0;0 A/:7?0 ? @;@ ; < 0; ;70 ;0?0<0 0<0 ;0; =7=7?0; =0; ; 7; @ 0P/?0 0 /0@ @; ;; 7; ?7;. A; 18 0; <0? ;@07 E07?0 (P?0 0 0?0 U?<7;?@0@ @ "70;?/ 00/ U$RJ =070//0 ;70 ; 070?;. N0 @0@0 @ 195& /? 7; @ BP?0 0 U?<7;?@0@ $@70/ @ R? @ J0?7 @=?; :07 =070 N<0 b7 B0 70/?Q0<0 ;@; P</ @ .D E07?0 (P?0 0 C/:?0 U?<7;?a 7;0 @7007?0 0 "c/ool of ra#atics rts 0: 0 C/:?0 J G0;;7 =7;;7 @ T;; W?//?0; A77 M?//7 . N0 ;0 =0 0;;?;?0 ; 0; @ A7c; S@?.
4. 22. 2 TEATRO DE ARENA D </0 0 "70;?/ 1956 0; 25 0; =0;;0 0 ?707 T07 @ A70 @ S 0/ 0 @ S:0 M00/@? J; R0 7 07P;? @0 =0?0 B @?@? 0; 070; @ @?7. 0;;0 0 77 070/ 0;@?0 ;:7 ; /0; @ ;0 <0;0 70 ?/0/ 7;=;0:?/?Q0@,; J; R0 =/0 ?0@0 @?7?0 @ 7=. I<; 0 70 @700Y7?0 @0 B?= ?;??@ C7; 7? @ D7007?0. A=7@0 70:0/ @ ?7=70 0@0=0@ @ @ S0?;/0<;? 0 B0/ < 0;; 070<; @ ;0 =7??0 7,07?00 ; @?; :70;?/?70; 0 70 @ 07 @ 070 7;/0@ 0 ?7=70 070/?;0 0 =7?0@0 "70;?/. E @00/ ;0 00 @?;?<0 00 @ 7= 0 = ?@/?0 @0 ;B7@0 :70;?/?70 @7?0@ 0 ?<;?0 @ 0 @7007?0 ?7=70 </0@0; =070 0; @?;;;; 7?@?0; 0?0/?;0; <0 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
63
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 0 ;@0 0@ @; 0; 5&. O A70 7,; 0 @0; 0?; ?=70; =0?0; @ 07 :70;?/?70; 0 ; 0 ? @0 @0@0 @ 196&. S0 =7??70 @?7 >atos e =o#ens @ J S?: B / <0/ =7? @ 7</0 @ @?7 @0 A;;?0 0/?;0 @ C7P?; @ A7; , ACA 1956. S =7??7 0@ ? Marido Magro, Mul/er C/ata 0 @;=7;?;0 @?0 @ ;; ;:7 0 F<@ 70;0@0F @ C=00:00 ;0 =7??70 ?7; 07. "0/ ; @;707 @P? 0 ?0 @ pla;riting 07?0 0; / 0?@0 @ ?<07 0 0/?; =7@0 @0 ;?@0@ :70;?/?70. N 70:0/ @0 0 /07 @ 070/ 0<00 0 :;0 @ /B?0/?;. A?@0 195% 7??@ 0 @?7 070 @ S0 O'C0;a Juno e o Pa&%o B 0/00 ;;; @ =Y:/?. E 1958 0 Mul/er do Outro @ S?@a H`07@ 070<0@ 0 7?; ?;0/0@0 07 @0 R0 T@7 "0?0 =/0 ;BZ?0 @ 700;;; 07?7;. D=?; @ 0 ;7? @ ?;;;; 7?0?; @?0 @0 =7;=?<0 @ 0 @ A70 0 =0?0 @?@ ?<;?7 ; @ 07; :70;?/?7;. S=70@ 0; =0?<0; Eles 7%o sa# Blac!*ie @ G?070; G07?7? @?7??@ =7 J; R0 70,; 70@ ;;; ;0/<0@ A70 @0 :00770. O 7= 7;;7 =7<0@ 0 <7@0@?70 7</ 0 0 :70;?/?70 0:7?@ 0? =070 0 @7007?0 0?0/. 070 =7;;?7 0 ?<;?0 @ 07 </0@ =070 0 70/?@0@ @ "70;?/ "0/ ;7 0 7?0 @ S?7? @ D7007?0 B ; 707 /?7 @ <7?; <; @7007;. A; =7@; 7 @;;; 7; < =7 7=77? @0 0; 0?0/?;0 @ ; 0; ;?;. É ?=70 07 B =0P; =0;;0 =7 0 <0/7?Q0 @ F@ 0?0/F B =070// 0<00 0 ";;0 N<0 C?0 N<. S: @?7 @ "0/ A70 0=7;0 C/apetu$a ?ute$ol Clu$e @ O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ 1959 ;@ ? ;;0 <7. O ?<;?0 0 =70?0/?@0@ @ =B ? @ <7Q0 7</0@ 0; 70=00; =/P?0; B 7@0 ; 0=0; @ :/. M0?; 0 <Q ; =70?;0; @0 700 ; @ 7? ?/@. A @?7 @ A; "0/ ?/ 7;0 / 0?70 070<; @ @ =7700 7 ;:;?P@ 70/?; ;/?< =/ 70/?; 070/ =070 /7 0:?07 ?<7; =7=; =/ 07 =070 0??7 0?; F7?0F ;=0@7. A?@0 1959 @?7? =070 T07 @0; S@0;,?70; ;=0 0:7 =070 =7?07 ; ; 0@@; @ S?7? @ D7007?0 4ente co#o a 4ente @ R:7 $7?7. N ;?@ @ ;0=07 0; ;7?=; @ ?=??07 :70;?/?7 ;0 / @ N7@; @ S/ @ ?7?7 @ E;0@ @ S 0/ ;;7? 0 0=/0 =;B?;0 @ =70 0; @; @ 0/07 =/; 07; @0 =0?0. S0 Y/?0 @?7 @ 1959 ?arsa da Esposa Perfeita @ E@a L?0. A:?0@ 0 7? 7?7?0 @ R? G70@ @ S/ 7@ ?70 7 @0 7=70 @0 70 @ 070<; @0 @;@?0 @ 7 70 @; 0<7; ;0?; @0 ;=;0 @ =7??7 , P=?0 700 /?0@0 70@? 07;;0.
4. 22. 3 ARENA E O&ICINA D=?; @ @?7??7 ?arsa da Esposa Perfeita "0/ 0=7;0 ?ogo ?rio @ "@? Ra "07:;0 196& 0 =7@ 0 7 A70 T07 O??0 , =0?0; B ;; =7P@ < ?7>:?; ;0; , 070<; @0 B0/ 7?0 7; @ ?7=70. D?7? 0: =070 O??0 Engrenage# 0@0=0 @/ @ J; C/; M07?Q C770 @ @ J0,0/ S077. A?@0 196& ; >e&olu(%o na #érica do "ul @?7 @ J; R0 /<0 0 =; @ @; /7; @7007; @ =7P@ /07 B =0 Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
64
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 0@7 ?@/ =0700 =0/?;0. O ???0 0 ?<;?0 @ 0 70 70/?;0 0?; =7?0 0 07 =? @ "7/ "7. T700,; @ 0 07;0,7;0 ;?0/ ?;=?70@0 0; 70@?; ]?0; ==/07; 0 ;7 @ @ =7; =/P?, ;?0/. 1961. E 1961 "0/ 0=7@0 ;;0 7 07 agitprop Pintado de legre, @ $/ M?/?0?. A?@0 61 A]? A:070 @?7? 7 @ "0/ José, do Parto T "epultura ; 07; @ O??0 B ;7?0 T07 @ A70. N ; 0 =/0@ 0 0; 0?0/?;0 "0/ @?7? O *esta#ento do Cangaceiro @ C? @ A;;?; 0?@0 0 0:7@0 @700Y7?0 :0; 0 /?7070 ==/07 7?; ?7?; @ $/ I=7? =07??=0 ;=?0/ @ L?0 D07 /. E 1962 A70 ???0 <0 0;+ 0 0?0/?Q0 @; /;;?;. J; R0 @?0 0 =0?0 "0/ 70,; /P@7 0:;/ ;? @ =7@?. E770,; 0 /<0 @ 0; @; ; =7@Q?@; S?7? @ D7007?0 B /<070 A70 0 : ; ;0P@0 0 ?0/ @ 1961 7= @??0 ;0 /?0 @ 7=77? 70@ ?7;; 0; B;; @0 0 =7=7?0 @?0. A B0/?@0@ @; ;=/; 70,; ;=7?7. J Mandrgora @ M0B?0</ 1962 "0/ </0 0 007 0 0 0@7. O ;=/ 0=7?0@ =7 ;0; ?; =/P?0; 0; =7 ;; <0/7; ;?;+ 0 :0 07=?07?0 @70?0 F 7;7 @0 ?7=70 0/??;0 ?7]?0 =;??<0 0 ;0 ;0F. E 1963 0 O 7o&i(o @ M07?; 0 @?<7?@ 0 =/0?0 0 ;?70 :,70@0 @ "70;?/ # Bonde C/a#ado ese@o @ T;; W?//?0; 07 O??0 /0:70 70@; 07?;0; @ 07 :70;?/?7 0?; 70 $/ I=7? B 70;70 0 ;=0?0/?@0@ @ 07 / =70 ;: ; 0;=P?; @ 7?0 @ E? -; =07?/0 @ ;;; @ =7@? 0 /0@ @ 07; 0?; =7?; M07 M@0 M07?0 $70@0. E 1963 A70 ;,; O Mel/or JuiA, o >ei, @ L= @ V0 7?7 0 ;7 0@0=0 70@?0/ ;:<7@ ;???0@ @ 7??0/. E Y/?0 7?:? @ "0/ =070 F7<;? @; /;;?;F *artufo @ M/?_7 070Q @ 1964. D=?; @ /= ?/?07 "0/ @?7? R? @ J0?7 ;` Opini%o ) -? J @ V0/ N070 L , @=?; ;:;?P@0 =7 M07?0 ">?0. A ???0?<0 ;7 @ 7= @ 07; O@<0/@ V?00 $?/ 0/ ; A70@ C;0 /?0@; 0 C7 =/07 @ C/70 CC @0 UNE =; 0 ?/0/?@0@. O 7= =7@?0 7?07 @ 7;?;?0 =/P?0 070<; @0 07. D 0 < ;;; 0?0 @?<7;; 7; ;7; 07P;?;. O O=?? 65 =;? @ 07; =/;?0; M; @ A7 M@70 @ R? @ J0?7 MAM,RJ ;7 0 ;BZ?0 0/?0@ ; 07?;0; /?0@; 0; ; @ 07 ==/07. E;; 0;@7 @ G7= O=?? B =70 :0?< 0 1968.
4. 22. 4 MUSICAIS R70@ 0 S 0/ 70 0 B?= @ A70 7 @ =7 @ 7;7 @ =?;@? ?;7? @ (?/: @ 0/07;. C 0 =7??0 @ O=?? 0 :00 "0/ ???0 ?/ @ ;?0?; 0 =0?0 ?70@ /?< @ 07?;0; 7 @ 0 <0 /?0. A /0@ @ G?070; G07?7? E@ L: 0=7;0@ rena Conta Uu#$i 1965 =7??7 =7? F;?;0 7?0F , ;/?@ 77 @ 0 ; /0?; @ 0 0; =7??=0?; =7;0; 0 0 00 0;= @ 70@ ;?7? @700?Q0@ , @ ? 07; ; 7<Q0 0Q@ @0; 0; =7;0; 070/?Q0@ 0; 700@0; ?@=@; B0 07 7?0 0 0770?<0 @ 0Q7 0; ?7/?0; =7;;7 @ ?;7?0 B 70?Q0 0 0/0 @ ; = @ ;0 ;:7 ; 0?;. O =7 @0 Y;?0 70,; / ;;?0/ /?0 @ Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
65
HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO ;=/ ?7/?0@ 0; 0; 7?B@ 0 700 ; /P7?; 70?<;. O / < :? 0 ;??0 @ ?/?Q07 <; =0;;0@; =070 ; 0Q7 0 7P?0 0 =7;. ):? ?70 A70 0 /?@700 @0 =;B?;0 070/ @0 /0 70 07:P7? =0P;. A :,;@?@0 70/?Q0 ;;; @ =Y:/? @7?0 <0; <7;; @ rena Conta... B 7;/0 0 7?Q0 @ @. N ; 0 "0/ ;7< @?7? rena Conta Ba/ia @?7 ;?0/ @ G?/:7 G?/ C00 V/; M07?0 ">?0 T ) /. E ;?@0 0@ *e#po de 4uerra O??0 @ "0/ G07?7? =0; @ "7 <Q; @ G?/ M07?0 @0 G700 G0/ C;0 T ) M07?0 ">?0 ;: 0 @?7 @ "0/. E 1966 70 ; /;;?; @?7??@ O +nspetor 4eral @?0 @ N?/0? G/ 0 0 0/,;@?@0. N 0 ;? 0 <Q @ rena Conta *iradentes 7=?@ 0 7/0 7?0@0 @7 @ 7=. O ;=/ 7;/0@ 0?; 0=70@ @ ;?;0 7?0 70@ ;:7 7 ?;7? @0 /0 0?0/+ 0 I?@?0 M??70. N :?< @ 77007 ; 0; @ 70 7@0 7/?0. A ? 7?07 ; ;0; 0; ?=; =7;0; 7/0?<; 0 =7 =;,1964. D = @ ;0 @0 /?0 :;0,; 7?07 0 =0?0 @0 =/0?0 0 =7;0 @ T?70@; 7? 070<; @ 0 ?7=70 70/?;0 70= 0 0 0:7@0 @?;0?0@0 =070 ; @0?; =7;0; @;=70@ ;?0; 7</?7? 0 =7;=?<0 7P?0 ;:7 ; 0?;. A Y;?0 ?=7>?0 7?0/ ;;0 0 @?7 ;?0/ @ T @ "077;. O 77 F@ = =< /<00 0 70 @0 @?;F =0 @0 0 0 /00@ =/??0 0 =/0?0 0 7;?;?0 @?0@70. R;=;</ =/0 ?@0@ ;0/ $/ I=7? 70 ?7??;0 @0 0 0@0 0 @Q?7 0 /?70 @0 =/0?0 0 70 @ =7;0; =/; 07; 070<; @ ;?; B ?@??0 0; =7;0;. E;;0 0 70/?Q0 @ "0/ 0?; ?=70 @7 @ A70 196% 7 70; B 00 =0 0 0. O Crculo de 4iA Caucasiano, @ "7 =0;;0 @0 ;7?0. 5a Mosc/etta 0?; 0 :,;@?@0 00/?Q0 @ /;;? ;?70 70;?;0 @ A/ "/ 07 @ 07 7 / B ; 0;;/0 0; @700; @ /P? M07; 07 7,/00@ =0700 =0/?;0. A Pri#eira ?eira Paulista de Opini%o :?@0 0@0 =7 "0/ T07 R E;:07 0 7? @ ; 7; @ <7?; 07; , @=? 070/ ;:7 "70;?/ @ 1968. E; =7;; ; @ L07 C;07 M?Q "7/? @7; G?070; G07?7? J7 A@70@ /P? M07; @ =7=7? "0/. O @?77 0=7;0 ;=/ 0 P70 ?70@ ; 0?; @ %& 7; ;0:/?@; =/0 ;70 ??0@ 0 @;:@??0 ?/ /0@ 07@0 =/0 =70?0 @0 =0 070Q @=?; @ ;0 =7?:?. N ; 0 ;,; Mac Bird @ "07:070 G07; 70;=;? @ Mac$et/ @ S0;=07 =070 ?<7; 7,07?0.
4. 22. 5 E"ÍLIO C 0 @70 @ A I;??0/ ^ 5 ?; @ 1968 A70 00 =070 70 @ =0P; 7;?0@ 7 1969 19%& =/; E;0@; U?@; M? 7 A7?0. "0/ ;7< @?7? rena Conta Boli&ar . E ; 77 0 B?= @ <; 7,;0P@; Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO @ 7; A70 7?0 *eatro Jornal 1V Edi(%o =7??0 B 0=7<?0 ?0; @ 0?=7= @ 5i&ing 7e;spaper 7= 7,07?0 @; 0; 193& B 70:0/0<0 @700?Q0; 0 =07?7 @ P?0; @ 70/. >esist&el scens%o de rturo i @ "7 0 Y/?0 ?7; @ "0/ 7?0. A=;07 @ 07;07 70@; @0@; 0 /?0 @ 7= @070 0 7;?;?0 70Q ? 0 00; 0?;0; 070?; </0@0; =070 P;? , ;?0 @0; <0; @?0; B 7 ?P? @0 @0@0. E 19%1 "0/ =7; 770@. N0 ;BZ?0 @?@ @?07 =0P; @;? A7?0 770 @ ;0 ;=;0 0 =;?00/?;0 CP/?0 "0/. L =70 =7 ? 0; @;</< T07 I;P</ , ;770 7?0 @; =7@?; @ 07 @ =7??@. N0B/ ; 0 *orque#ada ; ;:7 0 IB?;? 0@ "; A?7;. E 19%3 <0? =070 7 @ 0=/?0 ;0; ?0; =7700 @ 0/0:?Q0 ?70/ 0 0 0Q7 T07 $7. E 19%4 ; *io Patin/as e a Plula 0@ N<0 b7 . N EB0@7 @;</< ==/0; ?@P0; T07 I0. E;; =7P@ 7=7;0@ =7 "0/ ; Murro e# Ponta de ?aca. M@0,; =070 70/ @ =707 =7 @?; 0;. A/? 7= A "07700 70/?Q0 0 0 Barraca Conta *iradentes 19%%. L 0: ;7< Mul/eres de tenas 0 0@0=0 @ 5isstrata @ A7?;0; Y;?0; @ C? "07B. $?0/ 0 =07?7 @ 19%8 ;0:/,; 07?; @ 7?0 7 =070 =;B?;0 @?; @ 07 @ =7??@ C@?0@ Centre dWétude et de diffusion des tec/niques acti&es dWe3pression. L 0@0 @ ;0 ;=;0 @;</< 07 0?; ?7?7?Q0@ ;:?< rcoris do dese@o M@ "0/ @ T07 T70=?0. EB0 ?;; S 0/ 19%8 0/ J; @?7? =070 0 =0?0 @ O "0;; Murro e# Ponta de ?aca B "0/ 0 0 @0 @; ?/0@; =/P?;. "0/ ;?0 "70;?/ 19%9 =070 ??;707 7; R? @ J0?7 770@ 0 ;? 0 ; 7= 70; =070 0=7;07 T07 @ O=7??@ ;070@ ?; =0P;; @0 E7=0 @ 7; ?;. E 1981 =7< I $;?<0/ I70?0/ @ T07 @ O=7??@. V/0 0 "70;?/ @???<0 1986 ?;0/0@,; R? @ ???0 =/0 =?/ @0 $:7?0 @ T07 =/07 B ?0 =7??=0/ :?< 707 0;;P</ 0 B0/B7 ?@0@ 0 /?0 070/ 7?0 C7 @ T07 @ O=7??@. S 1984 0 0?;?0 770 0 "70;?/ ?0@,; R? @ J0?7 0; 00@ =070 @ @ @ 0=/?0 7;; @;</< 0?@0@; /?0@0; 0 opri#ido. R0/?Q0 0; ?70?0?; 0 / @=?; @ P/? N<0 b7 L?;:0 07?; N7:7 W==70/ H -. N "70;?/ 0=; ; 77;; @?7? ;?0/ O Corsrio do >ei @ ;0 07?0 Y;?0; @ E@ L: /70; @ C? "07B 1985\ ?edra, @ J0 R0? $70@0 M7 =0=/,P/ 1986\ Malasangre @ G7?;/@0 G0:07 198%\ Encontro Marcado @ $70@ S0:? 1989\ Car#en @ "?Q ;0:=70 @ "0/ M07; L? C/; "70 1999.
4. 22. 6 HOMENAGEM U0 @0; 0; @ C? "07B 0 070 70 @ Y;?0 , 0 070 ;?0@0 B / Q 0 0 "0/ B 0 P/? B0@ "70;?/ 0?@0 0 ;: Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 0 @?0@70 ?/?07. A 0 Meu Caro #igo @?7??@0 0 / 0 =0 ?/0@ L?;:0 ? /00@0 7??0/ @?; Meus Caros #igos 19%6. A; "0/ ; ?@?0@ 0 7? N:/ @0 0Q 2&&8 7@ @ ; 70:0/ T07 @ O=7??@.
4. 22. 7 TEATRO #O#ULAR "0/ =7?Q0 B 07 @< ;7 0?/?07 @0; 70;70; ;?0?; 707 /?@700; 0; ?@0@; 770?; ; ;:Y7:?;. 070 ?; 70?Q 0 ;;; @ 7P?; ;?=/; =7 0=0Q; @ 77 @;</ @ 0 :0 ?0 070/ 00@70 0?/?0@ 0 70 @ 07 @ 07.
4. 22. 8 LIVROS #U$LICADOS 7 ;7 @; Y?; ; @ 07 0 ;7<7 ;:7 ;0 =7?0 7/0@ 7?0; 0 7;=? @ ; 70:0/ 70,; 0 77?0 @ 07 :70;?/?7. 7??=0/ /?@700 @ T07 @ A70 @ S 0/ ; 0; 6&. C7?0@7 @ 07 @ =7??@ @/?0 ?70?0/ ?@0 B 0/?0 07 0 0 ;?0/.
A. E =0?>?/ rena conta *iradentes. S 0/+ S00700196%. CrNnicas de 7uestra #érica. S 0/+ C@7? 19%3. *écnicas 5atino#ericanas de teatro popularL u#a re&olu(%o copernicana ao contrrio. S 0/+ H? 19%5. *eatro do opri#ido e outras poéticas polticas. R? @ J0?7. C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70. 19%5. Jane "pitfire. R? @ J0?7+ C@7?19%%. Murro e# Ponta de ?aca. S 0/+ H? 19%8. Milagre no Brasil . R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 19%9. "topL cesXt #agique. R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 198&. *eatro de ugusto Boal . </.1. S 0/+ H?1986. *eatro de ugusto Boal . </.2. S 0/+ H?1986. O Corsrio do >ei. R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 1986. O arcoris do dese@oL #étodo Boal de teatro e terapia . R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 199&. O "uicida co# Medo da Morte. R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 1992 *eatro legislati&o. R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 1996. qui 7ingué# é Burro R? @ J0?7+ R<0 1996 Jogos para atores e n%oatores. R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 1998. =a#let e o fil/o do padeiro. R? @ J0?7+ C?/?Q0 "70;?/?70 [ 2&&& O teatro co#o arte #arcial . R? @ J0?7+ G070@ 2&&3.
$. E /= Categorias de *eatro Popular . "; A?7;+ E@??; C=19%2. Conteúdo copilado da internet para fins de pesquisa
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO
C. E ;/ */éYtre de lXoppri#é. É@??; L0 D<7 1996. Jeu3 pour acteurs et nonacteurs. É@??; $70?; M0;=7 19%8. Pratique du t/éYtre de lXoppri#é. C7 @c@ @ @?;? @; ?B; 0?<; @c=7;;? 1983. "top cXest #agique. É@??; H0 198&. Mét/ode Boal de t/éYtre et de t/érapie. É@??; R0;0a 199&. 5Xrcenciel du désir. É@??; L0 D<7 2&&2.
D. E >/ */eatre of t/e Oppressed . L@7;+ / 7;;19%9. 4a#es for ctors and 7onctors. L@+ R/@ 1992. */e >ain$o; of esire. L@+ R/@ 1995.
4. 22. SO$RE A IM#ORTNCIA DE $OAL #ARA O TEATRO S0; ?@?0; 0@0@0; @?<7;0; ???0?<0; @ @ 7@70,/ 7? B =@ ;7 =7;; ; ;?; 7?; B ?70 ; /?<7 *eatro do opri#ido e outras poéticas polticas IS"N 85,2&&&,&265,X+ F Boal conseguiu faAer aquilo co# que Brec/t apenas son/ou e escre&euL u# teatro alegre e instruti&o. #a for#a de terapia social. Mais do que qualquer outro /o#e# de teatro &i&o, Boal est tendo u# enor#e i#pacto #undial F , R?07@ S7 @?77 @ */e ra#a >e&ie;. F ugusto Boal rein&entou o teatro poltico e é u#a figura internacional t%o i#portante quanto Brec/t ou "tanisla;s!i.F , T G07@?0.
4. 22. 1! #RPMIOS 1962 , 7? ADRE VENTURA /7 @?77 , S 0/ 1963 [ 7? SACb /7 @?77 S 0/ 1965 [ 7? SACb S 0/ "7;?/ 1959,1965 [ V7?; =7?; @ A;;?0; @ C7P?; @ T07 @ R? @ J0?7 R? 7 A/7 S 0/ 1965 , 7? MOLI‚RE =/ ;=/ Mandrgora @ M0?0</ , "70;?/ 196% , 7? MOLI‚RE =/0 7?0 @ FS?;0 C7?0F , "70;?/ 19%1 ,O"IE AWARD =070 /7 ;=/ off Broad;a. LATIN AMERICAN $AIR O$ OINION EUA 1981 , O$$ICIER DES ARTS ET DES LETTRES [ M??;_7 @ /0 C/7 $700 1981 [ 7? OLLANTAb @ C70? a I<;?0? T070/ CELCIT VQ/0 • • • •
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HISTÓRIA DO TEATRO 1994 , 7? CULTURAL AWARD @0 ?@0@ @ Gƒ S?0 1994 , M@0/0 A"LO ICASSO @0 UNESCO 1995 , OUTSTANDING CULTURAL CONTRI"UTION , A0@a A7; , (;/0@ U?<7;?a T/a A;7/?0 1995 , RIX CULTURAL , I;? $Z7 J@07:? , G0? "070 1995 , THE "EST SECIAL RESENTATION , M0;7 N`; [ U- 1996 [ octor =onoris Causa ? H0 L7; U?<7;?a N:70;0 EUA TRADITA INNOVARE INNOVATA TRADERE U?<7;?a G„:7 S?0 199% , LI$ETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD A7?0 T07 A;;?0? ? H?7 E@0? ATHE EUA , RIX DU MÉRITE M??;_7 @ /0 C/7 @ E? 1998 [ REMI D…HONOR I;? @ T07 "07/0 E;=00 [ REMIO DE HONOR I;? @ T07 C?@0@ @ :/0 M? 1999 , H70 0 7?. U? O/ V?<. "70;?/. 2&&& [ 7/00? C?a "`/? G7 O?. EUA [ octor =onoris Causa ? $? A7; W7;7 S0 C// EUA [ M7a $//` D07 C// H0<7 EUA 2&&1 [ N?0@ 7 J/a 2&&1 OC*O> =O7O>+" C" ? L?707 U?<7;?a L@ ( M07a U- I70?0/ A`07@ 7 C7?:? D</= D700 E@0? †G7Q@0? ?w. 2&&2 [ "0/07 @ S0:0 0 @0 E;/0 @ S0:0 A0@?; @0 "0770 @0 T?0 2&&5 [ C@0@7 G<7 $@70/. "70;?/. €4 • • •
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