Ecuador
RIBLA REVISTA DE INTERPRETACI.N B-BLICA LATINOAMERICANA
N 72 Hech#& de #& A$+&'#e&: E&$*%i'( Sa"'# ) a& c#!("idade&
QUITO, ECUADOR 2012/2
Ecuador
Ecuador
00. Contenido 72:65 08/06/15 16:59 Página 3
Contenido
JO= L"I% L"I% I%IDORO. I%IDORO. P'e(e$)aci$
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01. Presentación 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 5
Presentación
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3 %7 3 7%7 0%7 '0%7 ;% %0777 < '3 3%+373 0 %'3 0 +%. !+ E%3 H33%, 7 037 '37 0% 0%% '7%% %< '0%37 '37 0%0% 0%7 ;'%7 '7%%7, 3 703 37 +3+>*'37, 73 %& 0 0%3 30+'3. L37 7'&37 '7, '%0 0% &&03'% Nag Ha!!adi, '3 0 %+03 "3>7, % '3*% 7% 7%G1. !3 ;'%7 '7%%7 %7 < %0=%%7 0 33 0 '7%73 3 , 7 %03, '3&<3 7+*'%% 7 3'73 ;%7. E 7 '3;3 >'3 < 7*'%3 0%7 *7 ;'%7 0+37%7 < '7%%7, 7%7 0 3 +'3-3%3, 3 7%37 0% 3&% 0'%% H'37 037 A7307 < 7 '37'' %%%. C337 037 H'37 037 A7307 '33 3+%% %%3 7% 037 07 +3+>*'37 J7%0 % 3%, %7%3 3 !%%% < J%, < %%3 % 037 '3*7 0% %, %% 0 %'3 0% B% N% J77: '&> % *=%, 0 E7 !%3 3 73& 77, < 7> 7 7+37 J7%0, 3% J%, !%%% < %7% 037 '3*7 0% %G (H'37 1,8). IBLA, 7 3, 7% % 77 0'37 7%7 '3&'37 %%37 077 %37 < %3%7 % < '3 037 ;37 &&0'37 0'%37 H'37 037 A7307 % % %0%7 7'%7 < 7'%7 *7 <, %0 73 3, 37 % % % 733 0% B% N% J7'73 7%7 %'%07 ''7%'%7. D 7 33, <% %0 '3 7 IBLA, < '33 3%7 3'3%7 % 037 H'37 037 A7307, '3%37 '3 0% %037% '3&' P%&03 '%, Le"g(aje + i'e%a'(%a &ag%ada c#!# !e!#%ia de a& c#!("idade& c%i&'ia"a& $%i!i'i)a&. Hech#& de #& A$/&'#e& 7 0 % 7%300%3 3 J37 L= I=33, B%70, '33 % '3&' % % %7 '33 0% 3%0%, 0% 3%, 0 0+% < 037 7'37 0 '33 %%'37 7%300%%7 H'37 037 A7307, < 7+ 0% 7% 0%7 ;'%7 0+37%7 '7%%7 0 '7%73 3. M%'0 M% L= 37 7% % '0% H'37 037 A7307: a Ca&a, a& M(je%e& + a& C#!("idade& c#!# di&ci$(ad# !i&i#"e%# e" Hech#& de #& A$/&'#e&. Hech#& de #& A$/&'#e& + a i'e%a'(%a !edi'e%%"ea 7 0% '3&' J% E7&% L333, ' 0% *0; 7'-
% 0% 7% 0%% 0 3 >3, 0 33 0 '7%73 %+3. C3 '33' %0 P%&03 0'%3 < %0 P%&03 7'3? Q 0'% 73? E7% 7 0% *0; 37 3*' L'3 B0%'3 A00%3. N73 M+= 37 % % % %' % %% ''% % 037 H'37 037 A7307, 7 0 3=3 0 >03+3 -0+373, 0%7 +3%7 < 0 7'73 0% ''%% 0%7 '0%7. L* #%%+ 37 00% % % *%7'% 3 0 T%ib("a de A%e/$ag# de A'e"a&, e" Hech#& 17,16-34, a $a%'i% de "(e)#& de&af#& 'e#/gic#& + !i&i#"e%#&. Q %0 7% 0%7 7 037 H'37 037 A7307? E7% 7 % 0%7 +%7 C%% N%% 7+ %0 0'3 < % 0% 0'3% 7 3 IBLA, '3 0 %'03 0%3 E ib%# de #& Hech#&, ec'(%a 1. HOONAE", E%3. E77% < 0% F3% O%0G. E: Re)i&'a de I"'e%$%e'aci/" Bbica La'i"#a!e%ica"a (IBLA), . 29, 1998, . 45-46.
01. Presentación 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 6
6
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02. Pablo Richard 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 7
Pablo Richard
P4"%g%: RIBLA %be Hec% de "% A&4*%"e Re+#e$
L> H> / > AM>> > = <@ > /, />/ > II /.C, >@/ / >= / > =K> / > =>>, @> = @ => / > I /// @ = 'M. E == / > >= > @ / > > /@> @/> / !@ '>: > = <@ > O El Evangelio según San Lucas. E =M> / > H> @/ >/==> >/ / =M> / / L@>. L> /> =>, >= / /> >@> /=> >K>>, = @ / =, @ =M> =. E @= / <@ >@> => >@ = / @ @/ >= >@ =M>; > K =M / >@ E, <@ /=K => =M = > /> => / > =. Pa"aba c"ae:
H>= >M / I>. E / J>O> I>. = =M> / > H>. E / >. E E>K=@. L => / E>K=@ I>. E />> / E>K=@. AM / E>K=@ &. Ab*ac*
' A> A>> > > = >/ @= .C, >/ @ >= C=> =>, >/ C=> => @= / /// = '@>. ' => @ > >= > > > B-> /@> @// !B '> > B= B B > ' G> L@. ' @=> A> >/=/ > = @=> G> L@, B >/>, /> = >> /=>, = = B B = @=>. ' @= > > =/=> >@ @ B > @=>; >/ =@ > G>, B >@/ =/ > =@ B => > B=. Ke%d
H>= / >> C@= ' J>@> = C@=. = / @=> >. ' = @=. ' >=. #=> &= @=. ' /> >=. A H &=.
02. Pablo Richard 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 8
8
#AbL" %ICHA%D, #=M: %IbLA >-= H3> / > A;M>?>
E = / > H> / > AM>> @ >= = > > 80 90, > >. L =/M = @= / == E / H> L@>. E / / = / > H> = =K/ />/ >@==M / J>O> ( 30) = // /@= /> > / # (> 58-60). E> @ =K/ = // =/M, @> = / > =>>, / J>O> >@M / I> = @/> >M=. E = / H> =>=@ e" #%!#!e$*% de Je5 a$*e de "a Ig"e!a. ' == @ = / A. ! (1981), <@ = >@K@: SJ>O> > / =>>T. A= />, / = , S / J>O> > / I>". @/ > H> / > AM>> > =M = Pab"% A&4*%" >@> 7 => @> Pab"% de Ta% H> / > AM>>. # AM> >= >@> => =/ = > > 51-56. L@> >= =/ 30 > />@>. H @ > #, = > >= === > /=> @> > =/> = > => / # > => >= # > H>, = @ =//= / @ 80% > == #. L@> @ = => / #. A@> =/> >> L@> > M / =/M / > => / #. > @> /=> =/> = H> / > AM>> > C=> => / #. &M H> = @ # @= / @// / '=> C, @// / > @//, = @// =. E H> == > >@/> / # > > / G J=@>. L == / =>M / #, >@ @ > = / H>. I=> > > => K> <@ # H>: D>@=> > @/K> J=@>: 22,1-21. D>@=> / # =@=/= F: 24,10-21. D>@=> / # = A=: 26,1-23. E> >@= /@/: Q> # <@ > // > L@> <@ // #? L@> > = @/ >= / >M, /= / @ = > => / >M / #. L@> @> >=@= @ =K => / #. #= , == <@ >M # />@> / >= /> > => . L =, />@> / @ =>M / /> >, = @>. #= #, Q@ E> @ @>/? E> @ > <@ = / H> / /. L M / > <@ L@> = / / #, > >= / EM. #, H>, = >= / >= @//= / @//>, M. E > =>, # > @/ @ M >= / > @//> /> = . E> =M > =, = =/@= > => / # > <@ >M > H>. I@, = =/@= > > / > C=> / # == / L@>. /M /M, @ / = > >, > <@ @/ =/> = > => / # H> / AM>>, /> == # >@> =>. E> =, > =/, /= Pab"% A&4*%" @/ > ==> # >@> =>, /= Pab"% de Ta% @/ => > H> / > AM>>. #, >@> =>, // @= >@ // / SM>T. L> @/K> =>>, > > <@ # S>O=-M>>T, @> =/ <@ # @=
02. Pablo Richard 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 9
%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIX! bWbLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !. 72
9
SM>T. E >@> => # > / S# / '=>T, > SM> / J>@=>T. &O M > /, / E / L@> H> / > AM>> +$ #!#% a+*% , >@@> L@>. M>> > <@ >> /> >=>, >@ == >M, >=K +$ %"% "!b%. E > >, E ==K 24,49, H> =K 1,6. &=/> > /> =>, > =K =/ / E > . 50-53 / H> > . 1-5. E =M <@ > L@> 1,1-4 >=K = / =, SE-H> / > AM>>T, / = >=K /// 'M. L = =K ' / J=@> ==K , @ >. E> >M / @ > = == = M%!#!e$*% de Je5 a$*e de "a Ig"e!a (a% 30-60) M%!#!e$*% de Je5 a$*e de" c!*!a$!#% (a$*e de "% a% 30, = =/M / > > => >=> M> =-M>). E / J>O> />@> / >@ =>@==M >=@@= @/ > &e'+ea c%#+$!dade d%#1*!ca. L> >> (@/K> @/=>>) >=@@=> >>, = @= / >, / @. '> =>> >K > / =>// > > I. E > H> / > AM>> => =//> =>: e" ca#!$%, "a caa "a #ea. L> > />> / H> > = >> <@> @//> <@ > =O > >>. L == @// >M > =O @ > (1,12-14), > > > <@ > #>> (2,1-4); @// / />@> / #>> >@ = > >>, // > = E@=>K (2,42-47); > <@ @// <@ = =>>= =>@M (4,23-31); diakonía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e5 e$ Ga"!"ea: SE > @/ / D> /; => = b@ !@T ( 1,15). Pab"% e$ R%#a: S#=/ / D> > / == &= J>@=> / K > >= @T (H 28,31). = H> / > AM>> > M / E&2!*+ Sa$*%. ! @ def!$!c!4$ d%g#*!ca / E>K=@ &, S==/T S/ ==T,
02. Pablo Richard 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 10
10
#AbL" %ICHA%D, #=M: %IbLA >-= H3> / > A;M>?>
> @ E>K=@ => @/ >= / >M. H> / > AM>> > = SE / E>K=@ &T. E > / J>O> =>@/ > S / I>=T ( =@ @ / >@> />K@>), > @= / E>K=@ & <@ /= >= >@> />K@> />K@>, <@ S>= > >> J=@>, / J@/ &= > > > / ==T (1,6-8). &@ => > /> > > ==> /K> / >M. > O: @/ @ @= <@ / >M / >M, > E>K=@ <@ = >> @=>. #= > @> > == E>K=@ & <@ S= @=>T (= > I> @ > S@=>T, = = > =>, = => @=>, <@ = > @ I> // E>K=@ & > @>). #/= = / &/=K S / E>K=@ &T (4,8; 5,33). E E>K=@ = > @=> / J=@>, // > M>> > S==/>T, > > E>K=@ <@ >= > > H>> <@ = E > A<@. E E>K=@ #/= > / C=, ST >= >@ , @ SMT >= > M>>. E A<@, E>K=@ / >== # b= = >M (13,2-4). E C / J=@> E>K=@ = @= = > @/K> (15,729). F@ @ />M / SE>K=@ & >=>T (15,27). E E>K=@ @= # /= A> /==> /. F@ @ =/ <@ =M / >M F>, '>M, A>, C= >. F # > = E>K=@ >@ />M / = J=@> (21,1-14). L = > ==/= / E>K=@ & > S=>MT / # (28, 23-31). C@/ > => @/K> > =>M / # <@ @// = >@ E, # > /: C%$ a/4$ ab"4 e" E&2!*+ Sa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ee #%!#!e$*% de Je5 e !e#&e a2/, #e#%!a ca$%$ &aa +$a ef%#a &e#a$e$*e de "a Ig"e!a. ! /> === I> > = @ ==-
02. Pablo Richard 72:65 08/06/15 17:00 Página 11
%E)I&'A DE I!'E%#%E'ACIX! bWbLICA LA'I!"AE%ICA!A, !. 72
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M =/= / > H> / > AM>>. + >= / > SM>>T, > / @=> => <@ O , <@ @// > <@ M / J>O> > / I>. ! /> =, === =>=@= > H> / > AM>> > =>=@= I> @/ / . D> >=@= I> > E>K=@ @ @ >= H> / > AM>>. L@> >= H> / > AM>> > > 80-90, @/ > @ => / >@M / I>, /K @ />=> =/. E = / L@> / => @ => =>=@M / / J>O> @ / E>K=@, @ >=, =/ <@> @//>. B!b"!%gaf2a AGIE, . D / J>O> I> C=>. E> / >> >M / =>> =. b: D> / b=@B=, 1981, 200 >. RR. L > =/. E>@/> / !' />/ > > >>. &/=: & '==, 1994, 242 >. b*!, /. L> I>> <@ > M>> > /= . b. D> / b=@B=, 1986. 152 >. CLAI (C> L= / I>>). E>K=@, , @@=>. E>@/> K> >= > H> / > AM>> . $@.1995. $@. *CC, 49 >. CbLI!, J>. A> /> AM>>. . I: 1-12 .#=M>, E/= >-E/= &/, 1988. 214 >. RR. A> /> AM>>. . II: 13-28. #=M>, E/= >-E/= &/, 1988. 190 >. C=>>> ==> (30-70 /.C.) IbLA 22, 1996. C=>>> ==> = >> (35-138 /.C.) IbLA 29, 1998. LA!G!E, CM=/@. E / L@>. H> / > AM>>. b bK b> (bbb), !==, E/= = D. 2008. 406 >. !LA!, A=. Q$@ > > =? J>O>, > / =>> . &/=: & '==, 1981, 232 >. EIE, I =. / / @=> >// I=. > > / A> /> AM>>. & #@, E/N> #@>. 1995. 104 >. ICHAD, #. E / J>O> > / I>. ==M L=/= / > H> / AM>>. & J>: DEI, 1998. 174 >. RR. = / / J>O>. D>/ >@> =K> (> 30) > =>> / &= I= C=> (>> I ). & J>: DEI, 2009, 398 >. (, E/> DAbA, 2010, 414 >. &@/ /M ==/ =/@/. I&-CA#&, J>. E / # >M / > >. C= PK> H 13-28. /=/, E/> C=>//. 1984. 326 >. RR. D J=@> A<@. G>> / I> C=>. C= PK> H 1-12. CM=/ (E>), E/= E A/=. 1989. 390 >.
# =/ & J>, C>
03. Jose Luiz Izidoro 72:65 08/06/15 17:01 Página 12
J'+4 L!0 I0!d'*'1
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03. Jose Luiz Izidoro 72:65 08/06/15 17:01 Página 13
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13
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A!o'imacione" al leng$aje ( a la" f$en#e" li#e!a!ia" !e!e"en#a#i%a" de la memo!ia de la" com$nidade" c!i"#iana" !imi#i%a"
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& >? > < > ?=>< S Q<. &?> >?=?> , =M ? =>?, M> > < ??> < I < III .C., >? M> ?=>? ?> =? << < > ?Q < ?? < C>=? =?. L ? < C>=? =? >? >=> ?<=> > \? =Q=> ?=?<], ? ?> < =P?? >Q?. '=P> =?> ?==? ?>> < ?> < =?> < < << ?> > < ?? ?=>S> >S> ??-<< > < <. E< ?? >S> < >M=? ??. E < ?? ? < < < < > > Q? >S> ??<<. AQ > ?=>S> < ?>? ? ?=? > >S> ? >? >=> > >=>? > ec'+ e%(5*!ca%e&e c'% (*'bad'+. \L ??Q, , >? , >? -?>. E<< >? <> >? ? >?, >? W>=> > ? >? > >S> > ? > < < > Q, < ?>=>? <?; << > < >S> > <, = <, > Q, > << ??> >] 2. E > , > < < < < ? ?> =? \> ><? > > > < Q?? < C>=? =?]. &W> #< <, \< >=? =? ?? > > < < ?, S ?, ? Q, < >]3. &?> > > = ?> ?=? P<< > >=? =><, >? ? < ?<, <<M < < >-=>. AQ, ?>=? > ? < < < >, < ? >?=> \S]4 \>S]5 , =? > ?>? > ?=S> ?Q> < C>=? =?. 2 D>< , A (*!%e!*a H!+6*!a d' C*!+!a&!+%': '+ A'+ d'+ A(6+'$'+ , &N? #: &Q=, 1991, 811, 819. 4 A<? &>? "?, L'+ Ea&ge$!'+ A(6c*!f'+ , B<? A? C>?, : L E?< CS<, &.A., 1963, 121: T ? (<? ?>?, ?<?). \E P=>? Q >=> > <? >> <=> < ? ? ? > ? >? > <W> =?. DP, < >? > <? ?> ??, > =>. E> >?, >S ?> >?= ? ? ? ? ?>?? ?<<> = =?]. 5 < &=?> [ A>P B>?, Jda5+%' e C*!+!a&!+%' a&!g': de A&5'c' E(!f2&!' a C'&+a&!&',&N? #?=?: \?=? > =?=>? <?? >? >?, ?<=> ->?, > >? > >Q ?> < >=?, >? P< ?>Q > < ?=>? > , >? ?> < >?=? >?. #? ?? <?, < =?=>? =>? > > ?, =>? =M > < =>Q=?].
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# H<= KU6 , ? >? >S>? < C>=? =? > > ? # ?S<?; > < ?<?> => >S; > S? > ? =?>? >? >?. D>? ?> ? << ? >? >S>?, KU < > ?>?>: > Pad*e+ a('+6$!c'+ ?> , >? ? >S>? >? =>?, M> ?? ? ?<?> ? ?=>>, > , ? ?>? < > < A>X ? ? <M?. E> ? ?=> W<=? >? < I, >? < II, >> < = C<=>, < DP ( 1883 ?=>S < ?> # A?S<?), < < B>P, < I>? A>?, =>? #Q, < > C<=>, > < #?<? < =? #?<? < ? H=7. E> < C'$ecc!'&e+ %a&!)ea+ / g&6+!ca+ , ><> > ?<?> ?, > < < =P> > > ? >S> S > = ?<S> , > < >, < <? ! H==. L ? ?<?> =M S ><> < \H? S? S?<] > ?>. E> 1945, > < <? E? (! H==) > c'$ecc!6& g&6+!ca ?. E > <? ? > ??, ?>, > =?Q, ?> ? ?, =? < >? ? >> < II .C. 8. L ?< < c'*(+ a(6c*!f' >? =>? ?= > ?<S> ? < >=? =? ?< P < E ?> <<S >??? ? =>? ? ?= =>, <>? =>? Q> ? ? ? < I<. #=<=>, ? S? W> > < >< < I .C. < II .C. &>? Q, ? < >? < C>=?, ? S? >? =>? ?>> > =?> > ? >S>?, >? < ? < C>=? =?. '< ? >? ???>> > S> =? =M =< < ?> < >=>? < C>=? >? => > > > < < ?Q > > Q?? =?9. E> >? e+!%'&!'+ &' c*!+!a&'+ >? < C>=?, ?> < >. E>?>=? <? ? JW > < ?? Q? F$a!' J'+ef' (A> 18,63). L? =? =?>? ?=>? ?> Se'&!' T1c!'. &?>? (V!a C$ad!! 25,4) > > >? ? < <S> Q? %?=, > < P? < >? C<?. L ?< \>?] . 'M? (A&a$e+ 15,44, 2-8) > > =M << >? ?> ? ? !S>, => <, ? ?? < =>. D!6& Ca+!' (E(5'%e 67,14) > < S> >? > < ?? D?=>?, < > < = C<=>. #<>?, < J?> (112 .C., ?>? B>, > A >?), > > < =? '>?, Q ?>? S=? ? ?> >?, ^ >? W>> > =>? Q, ?> C?. & ?=?=> P >>> < > ?= ?=W>_. E? >? ?=? Lc!a&' de Sa%'+aa (<? ? < ? ? A<>?) < =? 6 H<= KU, I&*'dcc!6& a$ Ne' e+a%e&' , &<=>: E?> &Q=, 1988, 508-511. 7 KU, 508. 8 KU, 508-509. 9 KU, 509-510.
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Ma*c' A*e$!' ( Med!ac!'&e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g!(' , > < \E< A<>Q], Q ?=? <>? ?> ?=? \C<=> A<>Q, "Q>, D?>? A<>Q, #?, #? A<>Q, H?, > ??] 14. E> < 8f*!ca c*!+!a&a , \< =M >? ?=>? <>? < > >? ??> < ^A =M &<>? C. . 180]15; Q ?=? =P> > ?> ?=? '<>?16 , C>?, A>?? L>?17. E> L!b!a , >> A? (256-336), ?=? > A>?, >? A<>Q18. 1.2
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E> > = =?=>? < C>=? =?, >?>=? =?>? < << ?> >? ?> JW C?. #??=>, < > >S> Q Q<, >?>=? ? >M> 10 KU, 510-511. 11 #< <, H!+'*!a de $a L!e*a*a C*!+!a&a (*!%!!a , &<=>: &Q=, 1991, 548. 12 <, 634. 13 E <<>?, E!'(!a a&d e B!b$e , L?>?>: "? > #, 1968, 22. 14 J?>> $>, Pa*'$'g5a I , B<? A? C>?, : L E?< CS<, &.A., 1968, 317-426. 15 $>, 544-546. 16 $>, 546-635. 17 $>, 636-702. 18 J?>> $>, Pa*'$'g5a II , B<? A? C>?, : L E?< CS<, &. A., 1973, 10-16.
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ec'+ de $'+ A(6+'$e+ , ?=? ? ? > > < >=? =?. L? <>, < S> (H? 8,1) > > < ??> H? 1,8, < =S> > > J
, >? ? J, &= ?>> < , ?> < <=>? F< < , ? < \=>? G], < >>? ?> < \EQ? >?] (H? 8,26-40). E> < >>? > ?=S> < >=? Q?, '?= K >? ? <>? H? < < `, > >>? ? ?> < ?? ?>< < < =. E< ? ?>, > Q>, \> < ?>>> >? < >=? ? =? ? > <<=? >< ?><-W<?. H > ?=> > > > >S-> > < ?>>> >? 19 %?< B<=>>, Te'$'g!a d' N'' Te+a%e&' , &N? #, 2003, 10-11. 21 I?> % %=, \%?, >=, : = > ?=>? < >=?]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a, RIBLA 22 (1996:44). 22 %=, 44.
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> < Q?? >?, ?> ?> > <? >< ?>? Q> ?>< ?=>? > < >=? >> > ` < ?? >? < M>?. E > >=? => >< ? <? ? < P> > < S> P]23. '=P> > D=? ?Q=? < > <S> > < >=? A>>Q < =S> > >< # (H? 9,10-15). E> &<, C, #><, A>? #, I?>?, &, C<, D, L, F, G<, '?, F<?, ', B, A>, C?>?, ?, C, %?= ., ?Q=? ?> < > >W<? ? R ?=> > , > < ?>? >? =>?, >Q> ? ?> P> ?M. E< <? #>?P > H? 2,5-11 ? > S> >?M= < <> < > > ?>> < =S> > =? >?>, >? ?> < >S> > ?=? \Q?] >? ? < >?> ? < . # # !?, \< =? #>?P <= < ?=> > < M? < ?=> ><, ?=? =P> ? =P>=> < ?=> J
] 24. E> < J= . &?, >< ?M? ? ? << < < M=? ==> ?=>? < >=?, ?>>? < ><> < =>? ?-?=>? > < = < >=? =?. AQ, < ? ?> \< <> H? 2,9-11 > ?> ?=? < =? E?Q C>; < =? A, E<=, #; < =? >? < ? < = E> < ? >? < = A?, < =? ?>< %?=. E< ==? ?>? > < ??> ?M? ^= >?> ? < ?, > < ??> \<>?] < ?Q #>?P >, =>, < ?Q < M? < = .C., < < ! >Q < >? ?> A >?, < ? ?> %?= < ?> ??=; <>? < >? C?, G, E?, J
&. & >? < ?Q #>?< H? AS?< > > =>? ?M? < ? ?Q < M?, >? Q < =>? JW \ ?>> < ] (H? 1,8) ?=? ?< < > > > >. A< <? *?? > < > > Q> > < < #, < I< & ?><, ? < I< A>?R. *?? ? <> Q <=>< ? I< > < M=? < >=? -<>?: \La !g$e+!a de S!*!a '*!e&a$ ?>? ?S> < ? ??, ? P > ?Q ><. & < B=? < &> C>. L ?Q >? = => , > =? ?>? # ?> <, << > ?>? ?> < ==? ? ?? < > $, <=> > A. La !g$e+!a de A&!')!a ?>? ? < > ? < <, < ?>S> ><, < = < =-
23 '?=M K, \L I< = > `]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a RIBLA 29, (1998:178-182). 24 # A? &? !?, \L ?=> ?<: > ? ? < ? <> > H 6,1-8,3]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a RIBLA 22, (1996:120). 25 J= . &?, \L_ G?< H??>]. E>: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ F!*+ Ce&*/ Se!&g: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ G*aec'R'%a& Se!&g (E. GILL, D *. J.; GE#F, C?>). > & ? A=P: *<<= B. E=> #<> C?=> G> %, >. ' #>? # C<<, (1994:523).
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18
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< S> JW, < = ?? D? < ??>> < ?]26. C?> <S> A, J?= -"_C?>>, >? <S> G< 1,17 <S> ?M, < >? #<>? (D=? - A - D=?) > < >? # ?>>? =S> ?> G><, ? < >> ?> < =>> =S> > ?? 27. E ? < < =S> <> <> => => => => < ?> ?> > > Q> <? > ? >? P>?-?M?, > > ?? = S=? < S> J?, ? >? > ><>? ?=> > < ? < =S> >> # > < =S> <> (H? 26,22-23; 1C? 1,13-17; 1,24; 9,19-20; G< 1,17; .). E> =<, J? #< >? \ =<> >? < =?>> =? Z EM> < < ? E? E?Q, ?> < P, ?=? \=?>?], > < ?> ?? . EM> < < ?>< ?> ?=>, ?=? < ^ '?=_ > < I>, > ?> > > =? = =??, >> <<S ?>? < ?=>S> ?=> > < P ? ?? <? =?, ? ? > Q> >. > => < = >S> < =?=>? JW >? ?<> > > <? >S > >? < > <? Q > =? > ?=?S>]28. D=? ?=>? < > > > > <<, > < ?Q ?<> < M=? #<>. > ?=S> <, >? ?> < > > => > =, W> < > ?>, < ?< ? =>> ? < <>, ? < > < > < > > ==?. 2.
El C!i"#iani"mo en la con#emo!aneidad, bajo la #en"i*n de la" m+l#ile" com!en"ione" de lo "ag!ado
&W> FP< *<, > < >=?, < ?> M> ?<>? ?? < >? ?=? ? =? > Q=> ?>?><. E> <>? ?, M =>?> >> >?>< < >=?. E> ??, < >=? M >=> =?? ? < >>? ?> ? ?=??> > ? ? ?> <? ? < S?>. E> < ?>? < ?, < =S>, < M? < ?= > <? < ?> ??, << > =? >=>? ?>?=>? < > D? < %>? D?, ? >= 29. D =??, < C>=? > < ?>=?M> > < =? < <S> < ?, >> > =?=>? M? ? < >S> < =W<< ?=>?> ? , ? >?, = > ?>?=Q > ?>> ?><? > < S> < ?> > >? ? =>P? =?? < < Q 26 A< <? *??, \L < -<>]. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a RIBLA 22 (1996:7879). 27 J? J?= = "YC?>>? "YC?>>?,, \#< > A]. A]. E>: Te Ca'$!c B!b$!ca$ Qa*e*$/ , ?<. 55, >. 4, " (1993: (1993: 737). 28 J? J? #<, #<, \#>S>] \#>S>].. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a, RIBLA RIBLA29, 29, (1998:7). 29 F< *<, \D =N? =>< ? >=? ]. E>: Re!+a C'&c!$!% , %? J>?: J>?: ?, ?, (2011:24-25) (2011:24-25)..
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ibliog!af)a BL'A!!, BL 'A!!, %?<, Te'$'g!a d' N'' Te+a%e&' , Te+a%e&' , &N? # #S-?>: ? >=? >< <? G>> >?], >: %EB 72 [ % E<M B<. F. 287 [ J<? [ 2012. FA%IA, J F, A "> AS ? C>=?: c'%e&1*!' a'+ Ea&ge$'+ de Ma*!a Mada$e&a e T'%4, T'%4, &N? #, 2003. K%AF', '?=M, \L I< = > `], E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a (%IBLA), >. 29 1998, 155-182. Te+a%e&' , &<=>: KE&'E%, H<=, I&*'dcc!6& a$ Ne' Te+a%e&' , &<=>: E?> E?> &Q=, &Q=, 1988. A(6+'$'+ , &N? #<, A #= HS ? C>=?: C>=? : '+ Hec'+ d'+ A(6+'$'+ , EOV L??</E. #<, 2003. !"GEI%A, # A? &?, \L ?=> ?<: > ? ? < ? <> > H 6,1-8,3], E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a (%IBLA), &. 22, 1996, 120. "_C"!!"%, J?= , , \#< > A], >: Te Ca'$!c B!b$!ca$ Qa*e*$/, ?<. 55, >. 4, "? ,, 1993, 732-737 732-737.. "'E%", A<? &>?, L'+ Ea&ge$!'+ A(6c*!f'+ , A(6c*!f'+ , B<? B<? A? C>?, C>?, : : L E?< CS<, &.A., 1963. #I+LE,, J?, \#>S>], E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&'a%e*!ca&a (%IBLA), $?, >. #I+LE 29, 7, 1998. $A&'E!, J?>>, Pa*'$'g5a II, B!b$!'eca de A'*e+ C*!+!a&'+ , C*!+!a&'+ , : L E?< CS<, CS<, &. A., 1973. 30 #? C>, \%<N? > #S-?>: ? >=? >< <? G>> >?]. E>: %EB 72, Re!+a Ec$e+!1+!ca B*a+!$e!*a, F. 287, J<? (2012:645). 31 A<? !< '>, A&*'('$'g!a e '*!0'&e+ d' +ag*ad': +ag*ad': < <V, &N? #
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%EIE%, I?> %, \%?, >=, : = > ?=>? < >=?], A%e*!c> (%IBLA), >. 22, 1996, 44. E>: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&' A%e*!c> &C"'', J=, \L_ G?< H??>]. E>: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ F!*+ Ce&*/ Se!&g: Te B''# 'f Ac+ !& !+ G*ec'-R'%a& Se!&g (E. GILL, D *. J.; GE#F, C?>), > & ? A=: *<<= B. E=> #<> C?=> G> %, >. ' #>? # C<<, (1994:523). &I"!, <; BE!"I', A>P, JQ=? C>=? >?: de A&5'c' E(!f2&!' a C'&+a&!&', &N? #?? ??> ? ?: c$*a+ e *e$!g!7e+, &N? #?>: LLE!D"%FF, E, E!'(!a a&d e B!b$e , L?>?>: "? "? > > #, #, 1968. 1968. (*!%!!a , &<=>: IELHAE%, #<, H!+'*!a de $a L!e*a*a C*!+!a&a (*!%!!a , &<=>: &Q=, &Q=, 1991. 1991. !&e*-*e$!g!'+' , % .AA, Da %!++3' %&d!a$ a' e+e%&' !&e*-*e$!g!'+' , % C?>< C?><=, =, %? J> J>?: ?: ?, 201 2011, 1, 29. *""D%FF,, A< <?, \L < P-<>], >: Re!+a de I&e*(*eac!6& B5b$!ca La!&' *""D%FF A%e*!ca&a (%IBLA), >. 22, 1996, 71-80.
J?P L L I?? I?? DS> <S>: ?>@?=<.?= DS> ?<: % H<< [ 1179 [ C>? [ J F? [ .G. C. 36016000 - B<