Natural Disasters High winds - typhoons Squalls, swells Hurricane Tornado Extreme wave Extreme current Tsunami Extreme heat High humidity Lightning Earthquake External Effects Dropped object Marine collision Helicopter impact Reduced visibility Sabotage/terrorism Mooring line failure Structural failure Loading arm failure Tank sloshing FSRU listing LNG carrier listing Loss of station keeping Loss of buoyancy Fatigue/cracking Human Factors Occupational accidents Improper/inadequate training Weather monitoring monitoring Shipping traffic monitoring Material handling Man overboard Dynamic situations Equipment/Instrumentation Malfunction Cryogenic pump failure Pump seal failure Safety systems Communication Common cause failures Process Upsets Pressure deviations Temperature deviations Flow deviations Level deviations Improper mixing Corrosion/erosion Startup/shutdown Simultaneous operations Composition Problems Moisture H2S Concentrations CO2 Utility Failures Blackout
Cooling water Instrument air Inert gas Nitrogen Fire water HVAC system Ballast system Thruster Emergency Operations Escape/egress/rescue Disconnect during loading Turning bow against intruder Release from vent Loss of Containment/Fire/Explosion Leak from LNG tank Leak from piping/flange Leak from process area Leak from loading line/arm Leak from turret Leak from export system Leak from vapor system Leak from fuel gas Leak into ballast tank Drains Bunker oil fire Engine room fire Generator room fire Accommodations fire Explosive hazards Energy release Environmental Impact Flaring/venting during normal operations Flaring/venting during emergency LNG leak Waste water treatment Ballast water disposal Oily water treatment/disposal Crew Transportation Crew boat accident Accident during transfer of personnel to FSRU Helicopter accident Inspection/Maintenance Issues Confined space Machinery/instrument accessibility Reduced visibility
External and Environmental Hazards Hazard Type Guideword Expanders Natural Hazards Extreme W eather Temperature extremes, Waves, Wind, Dust, Flooding, Sandstorms, Ice, Blizzards Lightning Seismic Activity Erosion Ground slide, Coastal, Riverine Subsidence Ground structure, Foundations, Reservoir depletion Environmental Impact Discharges to Air Flaring, Venting, Fugitive emissions, Energy efficiency Discharges to Water Drainage, Water quality, Waste disposal options Discharges to Soil Drainage, Chemical spillage, Waste disposal options Location and Layout Previous land use, Vulnerable fauna and flora, Visual impact, Local population, Area minimisation External & 3rd Party Sabotage Internal & external Hazards security threats Terrorist Activity Riots, Civil disturbance, Strikes, Military action, Political unrest Third Party Activities Farming, Fishing, Local industry Helicopter / Aircraft Crash
Hazard Type Process Hazards
Facility Hazards Guideword Expanders Process Releases Gas clouds, - Unignited Gas detection, Emergency response
Process releases - Ignited
Process releases - toxic Flaring
Venting
Accommodation and non-process area hazards
Draining Sampling Non Process Fires Smoke Ingress Gas Ingress
Fire, Explosion, Heat, Smoke, Fire detection, Emergency response H2S detection, Emergency response Heat, Ignition source, Location Discharge to atmosphere, Location, Dispersion Operator Error Control rooms, Accommodation Ingress to safe areas, HVAC shutdown Ingress to safe areas, HVAC shutdown
Stacking and storage
Health Hazards Guideword Expanders Disease Hazards Endimec diseases, Infection, Contaminated water / fodd, Social e.g. HIV Working environment Drinking water, Lighting, Noise Physical Temperature Extreme hot/cold, Ventilation, Guarding Atmospheres Exhaust fumes, Confined spaces Hazard Type Health Hazard
Guideword FLOW
Deviation NO/LESS MORE REVERSE TEMPERATURE HIGH LOW PRESSURE HIGH LOW LEVEL HIGH LOW COMPOSITION CHANGE ERROSION HIGH DEPOSITION PROBLEMS CORROSION HIGH SERVICES FAILURE STARTUP / SHUTDOW N PROBLEMS & REQUIREMENTS MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION PROBLEMS & / TEST REQUIREMENTS OTHER An opportunity for the chair p
HAZOP Study Guidewords Examples of Potential Problems Hi Pressure: stagnant lines, instrument tapping blockage, filter blockage. Undesireable flow, leakages, Hi velocity/erosion, seal/gasket failure, overflows Utility contamination, reverse rotation Thermal expansion, location of instrumentation, fire Hydrates/freezing, flashing liquids, depressurisation Hydraulic surge, gas breakthrough, tube rupture, thermal expansion Air ingress, vacuum failure Vessel overfill, hi static head Dead legs, cavitation, gas blowby Contamination, slugging, corrosion products Localised failure, chocked valves Sand, wax Dissimiliar materials, under lagging, stress corrosion Power, heating/cooling medium, instrument air, HVAC Human error, sequential operations, ESD Access, layout, isolation, lifting, vessel entry erson to prompt team members to raise any other concerns
Internal events
TABLE 3: HAZID GUIDEWORDS Guideword Mechanical failure Corrosion Incorrect operation
Overfilling of cavities High/low temperature/ pressure
Knock-on effects
External Events
Misrouted gas Vehicle impact
Projectiles
Cranes
Knock-on effects
Dropped items Natural hazards
Sub-Categories Catastrophic failure of vessel or pipework Leakage from (e.g.) valves, flanges, vessels, connections, welds Internal External Valve/compressor operation Maintenance Other Process fluids Pumps Compressors Effect of an event at one item on the facility on another item
Lorry/tanker Fork lift trucks Private vehicles Trains Farm vehicles Aircraft Compressed gases Fast moving machinery Explosive materials/ processes Operational use Maintenance use Construction Event at nearby facility Event on nearby roads Offsite gas pipeline release Field fire in area Onto plant Other Flooding Wind Earthquakes Lightning Cold weather
