Gujarati Mathematical Vocabulary
Gujarati Numbers •
Vocabulary
Compiled by Babu Suthar
Lecturer in Gujarati University of Pennsylvania South Asia Regional Studies 820 William Halls 36th and Spruce Philadelphia PA 19143 USA
2
Gujarati Numbers
Gujarati numerals are of three types: (1) cardinals, (2) ordinals, and (3) fractions. The basic number figures are ten and each figure bears a name. (1) Number (1) Number figures and their names
0
È
mI6u &
5
Í
pa& c6o
1
É
Aek6o
6
Î
2g6o
2
Ê
bg6o
7
Ï
sat6o
3
Ë
tg6o
8
Ð
Aa56o
4
Ì
cog6o
9
Ñ
nv6o
Cardinals
1
É
Aek
13
ÉË te r
2
Ê
be
14
ÉÌ cOd
3
Ë
{a8
15
ÉÍ p& dr
4
Ì
car
16
ÉÎ soX
5
Í
pa& c
17
ÉÏ s]ar
6
Î
2
18
ÉÐ A7ar
7
Ï
sat
19
ÉÑ Aog8Is
8
Ð
Aa5
20
ÊÈ vIs
9
Ñ
nv
21
ÊÉ AekvIs kvIs
10
ÉÈ ds
22
ÊÊ bavIs
11
ÉÉ Aigyar
23
ÊË te vIs
12
ÉÉ bar
24
ÊÌ covIs
3 25
ÊÍ pCcIs
52
ÍÊ bavn
26
ÊÎ 2vIs
53
ÍË te pn
27
ÊÏ s]aavIs
54
ÍÌ copn
28
ÊÐ A¹avIs
55
ÍÍ p& cavn
29
ÊÑ Aog8{aIs
56
ÍÎ 2Ppn
30
ËÈ {aIs
57
ÍÏ s]aavn
31
ËÉ Aek{aIs k{aIs
58
ÍÐ A¹avn
32
ËÊ b{aIs
59
ÍÑ Aog8sa;5
33
ËË te{aIs {aIs
60
ÎÈ sa;5
34
ËÌ co{aIs
61
ÎÉ Aeks5 ks5
35
ËÍ pa&{aIs {aIs
62
ÎÊ bas5
36
ËÎ 2{aIs
63
ÎË te s5
37
ËÏ sa6{aIs
64
ÎÌ cos5
38
ËÐ Aa6{aIs
65
ÎÍ pa& s5
39
ËÑ Aog8calIs
66
ÎÎ 2as5
40
ÌÈ calIs
67
ÎÏ s6s5
41
ÌÉ AektalIs ktalIs
68
ÎÐ A6s5
42
ÌÊ betalIs
69
ÎÑ Ag8ois]aer
43
ÌË tetalIs talIs
70
ÏÈ is]ae r
44
ÌÌ cu &m alIs
71
ÏÉ ;kotr
45
ÌÍ ipStalIs
72
ÏÊ boter
46
ÌÎ 2etalIs
73
ÏË tote r
47
ÌÏ su6talIs
76
ÏÎ 2oter
51
ÍÉ Aekavn
77
ÏÏ isTyotr
52
ÍÊ bavn
78
ÏÐ ;5yotr
51
ÍÉ Aekavn
79
ÏÑ Ag*yaAe sI &
4 80
ÐÈ Ae sI &
90
ÑÈ ne vu &
81
ÐÉ AekyasI kyasI
91
ÑÉ Aeka8u &
82
ÐÊ ByasI
92
ÑÊ ba8u &
83
ÐË TyasI
93
ÑË ta8u &
84
ÐÌ coyaRsI
94
ÑÌ cora8u &
85
ÐÍ p& casI
95
ÑÍ p& ca8u &
86
ÐÎ 2yasI
96
ÑÎ 2Nn& u
87
ÐÏ isTyasI
97
ÑÏ s]aa8u&
88
ÐÐ ;5yasI
98
ÑÐ A¹a8u &
89
ÐÑ ne VyasI
99
ÑÑ nVva8u &
A hundred and higher figures are as under:
100
ÉÈÈ
so, Aekso kso
200
ÊÈÈ
bso
300
ËÈÈ
{a8so
400
ÌÈÈ
carso
500
ÍÈÈ
pa& cso
600
ÎÈÈ
2so
700
ÏÈÈ
satso
800
ÐÈÈ
Aa5so
900
ÑÈÈ
nvso
1,000
É,ÈÈÈ
hjar, Aek hjar
10,000
ÉÈ,ÈÈÈ
ds hjar
100,000
ÉÈÈ,ÈÈÈ
la`, Aek la`
5 1,000,000
É,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ
ds la`
10,000,000
ÉÈ,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ
kro6
100,000,000
ÉÈÈ,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ
ds kro6
1,000,000,000
É,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ
Abj
10,000,000,000
ÉÈ,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ,ÈÈÈ ds Abj
Note: There is no concept of ‘million’ in Gujarati While reading a number of more than two digits, no ‘and’ is required as in English. Examples:
ÊÎÑ
bso Ag8ois]aer
Ë,ÎÐÏ
{a8 jhar 2so isTyasI
Í,ÉÐ,ÑÈÍ
pa&c la`, A7ar hjar, nvso pa&c
However, while doing counting the conjunction ne may be used while reading the last two digits. If the penultimate digit is 0 (zero) the ne may may be used with the last digit. Examples:
ÊÎÑ
bsone Ag8ois]aer
Ë,ÎÐÏ
{a8 jhar 2sone isTyasI
Í,ÉÐ,ÑÈÍ
pa&c la`, A7ar hjar, nvsone pa& pa&c
Ordinals The ordinals behave like adjectives and agree with the nouns in gender.
English Ordinals
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
6
phelo lo
phelI lI
phelu lu&
Élo
ÉlI
Élu &
bIjo
bI@
bIju &
2
Êjo
Ê@
Êju &
Third
{aIjo
{aI@
{aIju &
3
Ëjo
Ë@
Ëju &
Fourth
co9o
co9I
co9u &
4
Ì9o
Ì9I
Ì9u &
Fifth
pa& cmo
pa& cmI
pa& cmu &
5
Ímo
ÍmI
Ímu&
Sixth
2¹o
2¹I
2¹u &
6
ιo
ιI
ιu &
Seventh
satmo
satmI
satmu&
Ïmo
ÏmI
Ïmu&
First
Second nd
rd
th
th
th
th
7
For each of the higher ordinal use mo, mI, mu& as the case may be.
Fractions Following are the terms for Gujarati fractions:
Simple
¼
pa
½
A60u &
7 ¾
po8u &
Plus
Examples
Plus ¼
sva
1¼
sva Aek
Plus ½
sa6a
3½
sa6a {a8
Plus ¾
po8u &
2¾
po8a {a8
Notes:
(1)
The A60u & And po8u & agree with the noun in gender and number. Examples:
A60o kagX
‘half paper’
A60a kagX
‘half of the papers’
A60I ke rI
‘half mango’
A60I ke rIAo
‘half of the mangos
A60u & ke keXu Xu&
‘half banana’
A60a& ke keXa& Xa&
‘half of the bananas’
(2)
For 1 ½ and 2 ½ always use A7I and do7 respectively.
8
Vocabulary*
*
Derived with a few modifications from " wCcgi8tnI pir-aqa" 1966. (Terminology of higher mathematics), Publisher: Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India.
9 A
alternately
absolute
alternating function
absolute term
alternating series
absolute value
analysis
absurd analytical geometry accuracy angle acute angle angle at the center acute angled triangle angle at the circumferemce additon angle of contact adjacent angle angle of depression adjacent sides angle of elevation admissible solution angular admissible value angular diagram aggregate angular measurement algebra angular momentum algebric expression angular velocity algebric geometry anti-logarithm algebric applied mathematics alternate applied statistics alternaternado
10 approximately
average
a priori axis apse axiom apse line axis of co-ordinate arc axis of reference area axis of perspective areal axis of X = X areal co-ordinate axis of Y=Y arithmetic average B
arithmetic mean
backward formula
arithmetic progression
bar-diagram
arithmetic series
base
arithmetic geometric series
base of support basic
arms (of angle) ascending
bell-shaped diagram
association
bimodal
associate law
binode
assumption
binominal
assymetrical
bipole
at random
biquadratic
11 circle bisector circular bivariate circular determinants bounding line circular diagram bracket circular function branch circular measure breadth circular line (at a point) budget circular points business statistics circular at infinity C
circular test
calculating machine circulating decimals calculation circumcenter calculus circumference cancel circumpolar canonical variation circum-radius capacity circumscribed circle cardinal circumscribing cantesinal class central class magnitude central moments characteristic (of log)
classification
12 co-effecient
cone conical point
colliner conical projection collinearity conicoids column conjugate combination conoid common conormal points common multiple consecutive common system (of Log) consequent commutative law consistency comparision test constant complete differential complete the squares component equations components composite composite hypothesis composite number compound computation computer
constituent construction of index numbers contavarient covective equilibrium converse co-ordinate co-ordination coplaner correlation corollary
13
corresponding
camulants
corresponding angle
cumulative
co-terminal angles
curve
couple
curve fitting
covariance
curve surface
covarient
curve tracing
cross-multiplication
curve in space curvilinear
cross-ration of pencil cusp cube
cuspidal locus
cube root
cut
cubic contravariant
cycle
cubic co-variant
cyclic
cubic curve
cycle of quotients (continued fraction)
cubic equation cycle of substitution cubic expression
cyclic order cyclic part (continued fraction)
cubic measure cyclic quadrilateral cubic surd cylinder cuboid
14 D
damped demand curve damping factor denominator dash denote data derivative decagon decimal
derivative of an arc
decimal fraction
derived function
deciles
descending
decreasing
descending node
deduce
descriptive statistics
deduction determinant definite deviation definite integral diagonal definition diagonal points degree diagonal triangle degree diagram degree of curve diameter degree of an expression of an equation diametral plane degree of freedom delete
difference equation
15 difference table divisor differentiable domain differentiability double differential double contact differential calculus double integral differential coefficien double line differential equation double point differential of an arc double root differentiation double sampling differentiation under the integral sign
s&kl kl ich
double star
digit
double tabulation
dihendral angle
doublet
dimension
doubly infinite (system of curves)
distribution
equal
distributed
equal in all respect
dividend
aequality
dividendo
equate
divisibility
equation
division
equations involving reciprocals of unknowns
division transformation
16 equations involving reciprocals of center estimate equations involving reciprocals of motion
estimate estimated
equations involving reciprocals of three moments equations involving reciprocals of trigonometrical equiangular equiangular spiral equiconjugate diameter
equi-cross equidistant equivalent equivalent equivalent equivalent equations equivalent equation equivalent system error escribed circle estimate
Euler's exponential values
even even function example ex-center expend expansion expected frequency expected value explicit exponent exponential exponential value express expression ex-radious
F
17 factor
focus
factorial
foot of the perpendicular
factorial design
foot of poundal
factorization
force diagram
factor reversal test
form formula
factor theorem forward formula figure four-part formula finite forth power finite discontinuity forth proportional finite series forth root five parts-formula fraction fixed fractional (adj.) fixed line
fractional equation
flat surface frequency focal distance focal ellipse
function fundamental
focal hyperbola
fundamental operation
focal perabola
fundamental plane
focal redius
G
18 geometric average grouping of data geometric mean growth rate general H
generally
harmonic (Algebra)
generate
harmonic dynamics
generating function
harmonic series
generator
harmonic system
geometry H.C.F. (Higest Common Factor)
(
geometric mean height geometric series heptagon grade heterogeneous graded data hexagon Graco-Latin square higest term graph histogram graph paper historiogram graphical statics hedograph homogeneous
great circle G.C.M (greatest Common Measure)
( group indices
)
homograph
)
19 homographic
imaginary part
homothetic
impact impedance
homothetic center implicit horizontal improper horizontal line improper fraction horizontal parallax improper integral horizontal plane incenter horizontal range inclination hypergeometric distribution inclined plane hypergeometric series
included angle
hypotenuse incommensurable hypothetical incommensurability ahypothesis incomplete
I ideal index number
inconsistent (equations)
identical
increase incrementary ration
identity in defect imaginarily homothetic indefinite imaginary indefinite integral
20 ingress independent intial indetermination initial line index in perspective index number iradius indicatrix inscribed circle indirect insertion indirect correlation integer indirect inquiry integral indirect diagram integral as the limit of a sum inductive inference induction method
integral calculus
inequality
integral curve
inference
integral expression
inferior conjunction inferior number
integral part integral solution
infinite
integrand
infinitesimal
integrate
infinitely great
integrating factor
infinitely small integration infinity integration, approximate
21
integration in series
inverse (circle)
interior angle
inverse circular function
interior opposite angle
inverse curves
interminable division
inverse function
in terms of arch
ainverse hyperbolic functions
internal
inverse line. etc.
internal bisector
inverse operations
inverse
inverse operator
inverse interpolation
inverse order
interpolation with equal intervals
inverse point
interpolation with unequal intervals
inverse probability
interpretation
inverse proportion
interquartile range
inverse ration
intersect
inverse variation
intersect prthogonally
inversely similar inversion
interclass correlation invertendo intrinsic investigation ainvariable investigator inverse
22 involute
law of Indices
involution
law of larage numbers
involution law of Statistical regularity involution pencil involution range leading term irrational
leading constituent
isogonal
leading diagonal
isolated point
least
isoperimetric
least square
isosceles tetrahedron
left hand
isosceles triangle
left hand side J
Jacobians joint frequency distributions
lemma lemniscate
joint probability length joint variation K
level
kind L
Latin square latus-rectum law of inverse square
level of significance like (terms) likelyhood function
23 likelyhod ration test literal coeffecient like parallel forces
locus logarithm
like (signs) logarithmic series limit logical limited lower quartile limiting M
limiting points
major arc
limiting value
manifold classification
limitless
manifold tabulation
line mantissa line at infinity marginal linear mathematical analysis line integral mathematical inducation line of centers matrix line of curvature maximum line of force maximum likelihood line of greatest slope mean line of regression literal equation
mean anomaly
24
mean derivation
minimum value
mean parallax
minor
mean proportional
minor arc
mean value
minus
mean theoram
mixed fraction
measure
monotonic
measure of association
multinominal
measurement of angles
multinominal distribution multinominal expression
medial section multiple median method of detached coefficient
multiple angles multiple correlation
metod of differences method of divisors
multiple integral
method of expansion
multiple point
method of substitution
multiple regression
method of undermined multipliers multiple root middle term
multiplicand
mid-point
multiplication
minimum
multiplication rule
25
multiplier
norm of angles
multivariate
norm of sides
multiple analysis
notation
multivariate distribution nucleus mutual null hypothesis N
nadir null line natural logarithm null plane natural number negative
null point null sequence number
negative association number scale negative correlation numerator normal
numerical
normal curve
numerical coefficient
normal distribution
numerical factor
normal equations
numerically
normal plane
O oblique
normal regression observed frequency normal section
observer
26 order of figurate numbers obtuse angle order of powers obtuse angled triangle order of surds octagon ordinal octahedron ordinal numbers odd ordinary (differential equations) odd functions ordinate ogive curve orthogonality
origin ortho-center
open (curve)
orthocentric tetrahedron
open (interval)
orthogonal
operational factor
orthogonal involution
operator orthogonal pencil opposite opposite angle
orthogonal polynomial
opposite edges
orthogonal projection
opposite sides
orthogonal trajectory orthogonal transformation
opposition
P order
pair
order of differentials equations
pair of straight line
27 partisan
partial association
partisan of numbers
partial correlation
parent population
partial differential equiation
parabola partial differentiation parabolic parabolic point
partial fraction
parabloid parallactic angle
partial product partial regression
parallactic ellipse particular parallax particular integral parallel particular values parallel curves partly parallelopiped pedal equuation parallelogram pedal (Simpson) line pedal triangles (Ortho-centric) parallelogram law pencil parameter
pencil in involution
parametric
pentaggon
part
pentahedron per cent
28
percentage
point equation
percentiles
point estimation
perfect cube
point of application
perimeter point of bisection permutation points of concurrence permutation with repetition permutation with restriction
points of contact points of intersection
perpendicular
points of suspension
perpendicular bisector
points of symmetry
perpendicular line
points of trisection
perturbations
polygon
plane
apolygonal numbers
plane angle polyhedron plane circuit polynominal plane of floation polynominal regression plane of section plumb line
position
planimeters
positive
plot (the points)
positive correlation
point
power
29 principle section power function principle solution power series principle value of logarithm power of a test prinicple of superimposition preceding principle part prediction prime (mutually)
prism
prime function
probable probable error
prime meridian probability prime modulus problem prime number product prime vertical product formula primitive progression primitive root projectile principle projective principle axes projective geometry principle directions projective property principle normal proof principle plane proper fraction principle radius property
30
proporation
quadratic surd
proporational quadrature proporational mean quadrilateral propositionally quantiles proposition aprotracter
quantitative data quantity
prove
quantum index
pure geometry
quartic curve
pure mathematics
quartile deviation
purposive sampling
questionnaire
O
quotient
Q.E.D. quotient (continued fraction) C.E.F.
R quadrangle
radian
quadrantal triangle
radical
quadratic
radical axis
quadratic equlation
radical center radical palne
quadratic expression
radical sign
quadratic function
radicand
31 radius
ratio estimate
radius of convergence
ratio test
radius of curvature
ratio of equality
radius of gyration
ratio of greater inequality
radius of inversion
ratio of lesser inequality
radius of torsion
ratio of variation
radius of vector
rational
radix
rational integral function
radix fraction
rational integral function rational number
random rationalize range rationalization range of convergence rationalising factor range of involution real range of projective points
real number
rank
real part
rank correlation
reciprocal
rate
reciprocal determinant
ratio
reciprocal equation
ration chart
reciprocal figures
32 reciprocal relation
reminder theorem
reciprocal root
represent
reciprocal theorem reciprocally proportional
representation
reciprocation
representative sample
rectangle
residual error
rectangular array
residues
rectangular axis
residues of powers of numbers
rectangular distribution resolve into factors rectangular hyperbola respectively rectification result rectifying plane resultant rectiliner figure reversed order rectiliner motion reversibility recurring decimal rhomboid recurrence formula relativity of co-ordinates
rhombus
relativity
right angle
reminder right angled triangle reminder after n-terms right circulation cone
33 right cylinder
sampling of variables scalar function
right prism scalar product right section scale of notation root scale of relation root of an equation scalene triangle row scattered diagram rule Rule (additional)
score
rule of cross multiplication
secant sector of circle
rule, zigzag sectorial area ruled surface segment ruler segment of circle
S segment of a stright line sample self-conjugate triangle sampling self evident sampling distribution self induction sampling method self-polar sampling of attribute semi-axies sampling technique semi circle
34 semi-cubical parabola
set square
semi-continuity
side (f an equiatio)
semi-diameter
sign
semi-inter quartile range
significance
semi-vertical angle
significant
seperation of roots
significant figure signless number
semi-perimeter sequence
similar
serial
similar and directly homothetic
serial correlation similar and inversely homothetic series series (of family) of curves
similitude
series finite
simple equation
series of images
simple sampling
series, recurring
simplification
series, reversion of
simplify
sequential analysis
simultaneous equation single tabulation
set
35 singular point
spherical polygon
size
spherical radius
sketch
spherical segment
skew
spherical triangle
skew quadrilateral
spherical trigonometry
skewness
square (verb)
slant hight
square (noun)
slope
square (noun)
small circle
squared paper
smooth curve
square root
solid
square term
solid angle
standard
solution
standard angles
solve (the ewuation)
standardization
solved example
statement
sorter
statistic
sorting
statistica;
source of error statistician specification spherical cap
statistics (data)
36 statistics (as a science)
sum formula sum of a series
step
summation
straight angle
summation formula
straight line supplementary angle stratum surd sub-duplicate ration surd index subject of formula survey sub-multiple symbol sub-multiple angles subordinate root
smmetric
substitution
symmetric determinant
substraction symmetrical subtriplicate ration symmetric equation successsive reduction asymmetric expression successive terms symmetry sufficient synthetic division sufficient statistic
T sufficiency table sum
37 tabular logarithm
transformation (of equation)
tabulation
transit circle
term
translation
test (verb)
transversal trapezium
test (noun) triangle theoretical triangle of forces theorem
triangle of reference
theorem of the equivalent layer
triangular prism trigonometry
theorem of parallel axes trigonomometrical theory of equation
trihedral angle
theory of probability
trilinear trilinear quadric surd
thickness triple third proportional triple tabulation third quartile total derivation
triply orthogonal (system)
total differential
trirectangular triangle
trace trisect (verb) trajectory
38 true
variance
two dimensional
variate
two dimensional field
variate difference method
the lower bound
variation
the upper bound
variation constant
U
vector
unequal
vector field
unit
vector product
universal
vectorial angle
univariate
verification
unlimited
vertex
unlike (signs)
vertical
unlike term
vertical angle
V
vertical plane
valid
vertical circle
validity
vertical line
value vertically opposite angle variable vinculum variable (adjective) volume variable rate
W
39 w.r.t (with respect to) without reminder
whole number
Y No word
Z zero zero produce