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Yfgobfcjhgk÷c 8/9088 woiyf lh gyfhgk÷c, bojkghgk÷c { wvpyfwk÷c jf gdfyow jf jhzow jf ghyègzfy pfywochl jf zkzvlhykjhj pñilkgh, jf lh Hvzoyk" jhj Ghzhlhch jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow#
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Lf{ 4/9008, jf 87 jf avlko, jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow jf Ghyègzfy Pfywochl fc lh Gobvckjhj jf Bhjykj#
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Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900>, jf 8= jf bh{o , jf lh Hnfcgkh jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow jf lh Gobvckjhj jf Bhjykj, woiyf fl zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow pfywochlfw h zyh}ëw jf wkwzfbhw jf gèbhyhw o }kjfogèbhyhw fc fl èbikzo jf low ÷ynhcow { Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw jf lh Gobvckjhj jf Bhjykj#
Coybhzk}h woiyf wfnvykjhj •
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80 +
Ikfcfw avyâjkgow hfgzhjow { coybhzk}h hplkghilf
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Oyjfc KCZ/784/9088, jf 8 jf mfiyfyo , woiyf pfywochl jf wfnvykjhj pyk}hjh#
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$ 88
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89 +
Pykcgkpkow jfl zyhzhbkfczo jf kbènfcfw
•
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Lfnkzkbhgk÷c# Fwzf pykcgkpko ftknf h low yfwpocwhilfw goczhy goc fl gocwfc" zkbkfczo jfl kcjk}kjvo hfgzhjo phyh pyogfjfy h ghpzhy wv kbhnfc pfywochl# Fc fl ghwo jf nyhihgkocfw h bfcoyfw jf 8: høow, fw cfgfwhyko yfghihy fl gocwfczkbkfczo h low phjyfw o yfpyfwfczhczfw lfnhlfw $hyzâgvlo 87 YJLOPJ+# Wkc fbihyno, fc jfzfybkchjhw wkzvhgkocfw wf goczfbplh lh ftfcgk÷c h fwzh hvzoykqhgk÷c# Fc gocgyfzo, co wf yfxvkfyf fl gocwfczkbkfczo1 ∙ Wk ftkwzf vch lf{ xvf ftkbf fl gocwfczkbkfczo # Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;> yfnvlh lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }kjfogèbhyhw { nyhihgkocfw flhio" yhjhw poy lh Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj jfl Fwzhjo, fc lvnhyfw pñilkgow, hikfyzow o gfyyhjow goc kcfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf lh wfnvykjhj gkvjhjhch# Poy wv phyzf, fl hyzâgvlo 90 jfl Fwzhzvzo jf low Zyhihahjo" Zyhihahjo" yfw goczfbplh xvf low fbpyfwhykow pvfjfc vzklkqhy low wkwzfbhw xvf gyfhc opoyzvcow phyh }fykkghy fl hjfgvhjo jfwfbpføo lhioyhl jf wvw zyhihahjoyfw, zyhihahjoyfw, kcglv{fcjo lh ghpzhgk÷c {/o zyhzhbkfc zyhzhbkfczo zo jf kbènf" cfw wkc fl gocwfczkbk gocwfczkbkfczo fczo jf wvw fbplfhjow, goc gkfyzhw lkbkzhgkocfw# ∙ Wk ftkwzf vch yflhgk÷c avyâjkgh xvf hwâ lo fwzhilfgf { lh ghpzhgk÷c fw cfgfwhykh phyh wv bhczfckbkfczo o gvbplkbkfczo, wk lh nyhihgk÷c oybh phyzf jf lhw vcgkocfw jf lh Hjbkckwzyhgk÷c pñilkgh o pfywknvf fl kczfyëw }kzhl jf low kcjk}kjvow nyhihjow#
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Pykcgkpko jfl zyhzhbkfczo jf kbènfcfw
$ 87
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
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•
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•
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8: +
Pykcgkpkow jfl zyhzhbkfczo jf kbènfcfw
:#
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:#8# JFYFGDO H WFY KCMOY KCMOYBHJO BHJO Lhw pfywochw ftpvfwzhw h lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh jfifc wfy kcoybhjhw jf bojo ftpyfwo, pyfgkwo f kcfxvâ}ogo yfwpfgzo h lh gologhgk÷c jf low fxvkpow, lh qoch xvf wf bockzoykqh, fl yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { lhw hggkocfw xvf wf pvfjfc llf}hy h ghio poy low kcjk}kjvow gv{hw kbènfcfw wfhc zyhzhjhw# Fwzf jfyfgdo jf low kcjk}kjvow fw goyyflhzk}o hl jfify jf low yfwpocwhilfw jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf kcoybhy h lhw pfywochw xvf pvfjhc wfy }kjfo}knklhjhw, fc low zëybkcow fwzhilfgkjow fc fl hphyzhjo 6#8# Kcoybhgk÷c woiyf lh yfhlk" qhgk÷c jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh# Low kcjk}kjvow xvf xvkfyhc gocwvlzhy lh kcoybhgk÷c jkwpockilf woiyf vch kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }knklhcgkh poy }âjfo, pvfjfc fcgoczyhylh fc low wknvkfczfw flf" bfczow1
Jfyfgdow jf low kcjk}kjvow hfgzhjow poy wkwzfbhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 86
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
•
•
Fc low ghyzflfw gologhjow fc low hggfwow hl yfgkczo nyhihjo, xvf cozk" ghc h lhw pfywochw woiyf lh hgzk}kjhj xvf wf fwzè pyojvgkfcjo# Fc low kbpyfwow kcoybhzk}ow xvf jfif pyopoygkochy fl yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c# Fwzow jogvbfczow gfyzkghc lh ftkwzfcgkh jf vc gdfyo goc lhw kbènfcfw zyhzhjhw $poy wv gocwkjfyhgk÷c gobo jhzow jf ghyèg" zfy pfywochl+, hwâ gobo lh kjfczkjhj { jhzow jf goczhgzo jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl zyhzhbkfczo jf low jhzow#
:#9# JFYFGDO JF HGGFWO, YFGZ YFGZKMKGHGK KMKGHGK×C, ×C, GHCGFL GHCGFLHGK×C HGK×C [ OPOWKGK×C Lhw pfywochw pvfjfc fafygfy wvw jfyfgdow jf hggfwo, yfgzkghgk÷c, ghcgf" lhgk÷c { opowkgk÷c $HYGO+ yfczf hl zyhzhbkfczo jf kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw fc low wkwzfbhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh fc lhw xvf hphyfqghc# Fl yfwpocwhilf jfl " gdfyo jfif jkwpocfy jf wolkgkzvjfw fwzècjhy { hgklkzèywflhw h low kcjk}kjvow xvf lhw yfglhbfc, phyh xvf fwzow pvfjhc fafygfy jkgdow jfyfgdow HYGO# Jf oybh gocgyfzh, fwzow jfyfgdow gocwkwzfc fc1 •
8= +
Jfyfgdo jf hggfwo h lhw kbènfcfw goc kcoybhgk÷c pfywochl# Low kcjk}kjvow xvf xvkfyhc hggfjfy h low yfnkwzyow jfifc hpoyzhy vch kbhnfc hgzvhlkqhjh phyh xvf fl yfwpocwhilf }fykxvf wv pyfwfcgkh fc fl gdfyo# Fl hggfwo jfif yfhlkqhywf wkc hfgzhy fl jfyfgdo jf zfygfyow xvf zhbikëc pvfjhc hphyfgfy fc fwzhw yfpyojvggkocfw# Fc fwzf wfczkjo, fl yfwpocwhilf jfif wfy bfzkgv" lowo { pyopoygkochy ñckghbfczf lh kcoybhgk÷c kbpyfwgkcjkilf phyh xvf fl kczfyfwhjo fafygkzf fwzf jfyfgdo, dhgkëcjolo h zyh}ëw jf vc fwgykzo gfyzk" ghjo jocjf wf fwpfgkxvfc lhw kbènfcfw xvf dh{hc wkjo oiafzo jf zyhzh" bkfczo#
Jfyfgdow jf low kcjk}kjvow hfgzhjow poy wkwzfbhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh
•
Jfyfgdo jf ghcgflhgk÷c# jf gocoybkjhj goc lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= jf lh HFPJ6 hwâ gobo lhw goyyflhzk}hw jf lhw Hnfcgkhw hvzoc÷bkghw, dh{ vc plh" qo jf ghcgflhgk÷c bètkbo jf lhw kbènfcfw jf vc bfw jfwjf wv ghpzhgk÷c# Zyhcwgvyykjo jkgdo plhqo lhw kbènfcfw jfifyèc wfy ghcgflhjhw, lo xvf kbplk" gh fl iloxvfo jf lhw bkwbhw, gocwfy}ècjowf ñckghbfczf h jkwpowkgk÷c jf lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw, Avfgfw { Zykivchlfw, phyh lh hzfcgk÷c jf lhw powk" ilfw yfwpocwhiklkjhjfw chgkjhw jfl zyhzhbkfczo, jvyhczf fl plhqo jf pyfwgykp" gk÷c jf ëwzhw# Gvbplkjo fl gkzhjo plhqo jfifyè pyogfjfywf h lh wvpyfwk÷c# Fc hxvfllow ghwow fc low xvf fl yfwpocwhilf gocwzhzhwf lh nyhihgk÷c jf vc jflkzo o kcyhggk÷c hjbkckwzyhzk}h, { lh jfcvcgkhwf, jfifyè gocwfy}hy lhw kbè" nfcfw phyh pocfylhw h jkwpowkgk÷c jf lh hvzoykjhj gobpfzfczf#
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6
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Jfyfgdow jf low kcjk}kjvow hfgzhjow poy wkwzfbhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 8>
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Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
Fl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh fw lh pfywoch âwkgh o avyâjkgh, jf chzvyhlfqh pñilkgh o pyk}hjh, v ÷ynhco hjbkckwzyhzk}o, xvf jfgkjf woiyf lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw nyhihjhw#
Zojo hxvfl xvf yfhlkgf vch ghpzhgk÷c jf kbènfcfw fc lhw xvf pvfjhc hphyfgfy pfywochw kjfczkghilfw, jfif oiwfy}hy { gvbplky lhw oilknhgkocfw yfgonkjhw poy lh Hnfcgkh Fwphøolh jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow $HFPJ+ woiyf fl zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow pfywochlfw goc cfw jf }knklhcgkh h zyh}ëw jf wkwzfbhw jf gèbhyhw o }kjfogèbh" yhw $Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900=+, fc lh LOPJ { wv coybhzk}h jf jfwhyyollo# H wv }fq, lh HFPJ { lhw Hvzoykjhjfw hvzoc÷bkghw fxvk}hlfczfw pocfc h jkwpowkgk÷c jf low kczfyfwhjow vch wfykf jf oybvlhykow { bojflow xvf hwfnvyfc fl gvbplk" bkfczo jf fwzow jfifyfw fc jkwzkczow bobfczow jfl pyogfwo jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh =#
6#8# KCMOYBHGK×C KCMOY BHGK×C WOIYF LH YFHLK YFHLKQHGK×C QHGK×C JF ]KJFO]KNKLHCGKH Fl jfify jf kcoybhgk÷c oilknh hl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh h hj}fyzky h low kcjk}kjvow xvf wf fwzè ffgzvhcjo vch ghpzhgk÷c jf kbènfcfw, jfl fwphgko fc fl xvf wf pyojvgf { h hgklkzhy kcoybhgk÷c yflhzk}h h lh kcwzhlhgk÷c# H wv }fq, jkgdo yfwpocwhilf fw zhbikëc fl fcghynhjo jfl gdfyo xvf kcgoypoyf fl zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow jf ghyègzfy pfywochl yfwvlzhczf jf jkgdh hgzk}kjhj#
Phyh cozkghy lh ftkwzfcgkh jf fxvkpow jf }kjfonyhihgk÷c, fw cfgfwhyko kcwzhlhy Hvzoyk" jkwzkczk}owfwpfgâmgow fc ihwf hl bojflo hgklkzhjo poy lh HFPJ { lhw Hvzoyk" jhjfw hvzoc÷bkghw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow# Fwzf jkwzkczk}o jfif fwzhy vikghjo, hl bfcow, fc zojow low hggfwow hl yfgkczo jocjf wf fcgvfczyfc kcwzhlhjhw lhw }kjfo" gèbhyhw# Lhw pfywochw xvf pvfjhc wfy }knklhjhw goc fwzow fxvkpow jfifc zfcfy gocwzhcgkh jf xvf wf fwzèc yfhlkqhcjo zhyfhw jf fwzf zkpo# = Hnfcgkh Fwphøolh jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow1 ~~~#hnpj#fw5 Hvzoykjhj Ghzhlhch jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow1 ~~~#hpj#ghz5 Hnfcgkh Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow jf lh Gobvckjhj jf Bhjykj1 ~~~#hpjgb#oyn5 Hnfcgkh ]hwgh jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow1 ~~~#h}pj#fvwehjk#cfz
84 +
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
Ghyzfl kcmoybhzk}o pyopoygkochjo pyopoygkochjo poy lh HFPJ fc lh kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900=
H wv }fq, fl yfwpocwhilf jfif zfcfy kbpyfwow h jkwpowkgk÷c jf low kczfyfwhjow, xvf yfgoahc lh kcoybhgk÷c yffyfczf h lhw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c1 •
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Ftkwzfcgkh jfl gdfyo o zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow jf ghyègzfy pfywochl, bozk}o jf lh ghpzhgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw { jfwzkchzhykow chlfw jf lh nyhihgk÷c o jf lh kcoybhgk÷c yfwvlzhczf# Lh kjfczkjhj { jhzow jf goczhgzo jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl zyhzhbkfczo zyhzhbkfczo,, phyh xvf gvhlxvkfy pfywoch pvfjh jkyknkywf h fwzf#
Hjfbèw, fl yfwpocwhilf jfl zyhzhbkfczo jfif pyo}ffy jf kbpyfwow { pyogfjk" bkfczow phyh fafygkzhy low jfyfgdowjfhggfwo,yfgzkmghgk÷c,ghcgflhgk÷c { opowkgk÷c $HYGO+ poy gvhlxvkfy kcjk}kjvo hfgzhjo# Wk fc fwf bobfczo co zkfcf kbpyfwow fc phpfl, jfif jkwpocfy jf low bfjkow cfgfwhykow phyh pojfy kb" pykbkylow { pyopoygkochylow hl kczfyfwhjo kczfyfwhjo##
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
$ 8;
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
Fwzhw bfjkjhw oilknhzoykhw co ftglv{fc lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf ozyow bëzojow phyh kcoybhy h low kcjk}kjvow jf lh ghpzhgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw { jfl goyyfgzo zyh" zhbkfczo xvf wf dhgf jf lhw bkwbhw# Poy fafbplo, wf pvfjf vzklkqhy lh pènkch ~fi jf lh fbpyfwh phyh kcoybhy h low lo w glkfczfw jf lh yfhlkqhgk÷c jf fwzh hgzk}k" hg zk}k" jhj jf }knklhcgkh fc lhw kcwzhlhgkocfw jf lh bkwbh, vzklkqhy bfjkow fwpfgâkgow phyh pfywochw kc}kjfczfw, fzg# Co kcoybhy h low gkvjhjhcow jf lh ftkwzfcgkh jf vc wkwzfbh jf }kjfo" }knklhcgkh kbplkgh phyh fl yfwpoc" whilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c vch whcgk÷c lf}f# Poy ozyo lhjo, hxvfl yfwpocwhilf xvf co hgklkzh { nhyhczkqh fl fafy" gkgko jf low jfyfgdow jf hggfwo, yfgzkkghgk÷c, opowkgk÷c { ghcgflh" gk÷c h lhw pfywochw xvf lo wolkgk" zhc wf fcyfczh h vch whcgk÷c lf}f#
6#9# YFNKWZ YFNKWZYO YO JF LH KCMOY KCMOYBHGK×C BHGK×C Fl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw bfjkhczf }kjfogèbhyhw kbplkgh lh gob" pklhgk÷c jf jkgdhw kbènfcfw fc vc gdfyo#
Vc gdfyo fw zojo gocavczo oynhckqhjo jf jhzow jf ghyègzfy pfywochl, gvhlxvkfyh xvf mvfyf lh moybh o bojhlkjhj jf wv gyfhgk÷c, hlbhgfchbkfczo, oynhckqhgk÷c { hggfwo, fc low zëybkcow jfl hyzâgvlo 7 jf lh LOPJ#
90 +
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
Hczfw jf pyogfjfy hl zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow, fl yfwpocwhilf jfifyè cozkghy lh gyfhgk÷c jfl gdfyo h lh Hnfcgkh Fwphøolh jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow o h lh hvzoykjhj hvzoc÷bkgh goyyfwpocjkfczf $gdfyow jf zkzvlhykjhj pñilkgh+, phyh wv kcwgykpgk÷c fc fl yfnkwzyo goyyfwpocjkfczf# Fwzh oilknhgk÷c jf cozkghgk÷c jfl gdfyo ftkwzf wkfbpyf xvf dh{h vc zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow, hvcxvf lhw gèbhyhw co yfhlkgfc nyh" ihgk÷c, wkco xvf bockzoykgfc o fbkzhc lhw kbènfcfw fc zkfbpo yfhl# Co gvbplky goc fwzh oilknhgk÷c gocllf}h vch whcgk÷c lf}f# Lh gyfhgk÷c, bojkghgk÷c o wvpyfwk÷c jf low gdfyow jf lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw pñ" ilkghw $fa1 jfyk}hjow jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh jf lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj jfl Fwzhjo+ w÷lo pojyèc dhgfywf poy bfjko jf jkwpowkgk÷c nfcfyhl pvilkghjh fc fl Iolfzâc Ogkhl jfl Fwzhjo o Jkhyko ogkhl goyyfwpocjkfczf $hyz# 90 LOPJ+#
6#7# HGGFWO H LH KCMOYBHGK KCMOYBHGK×C ×C POY ZFYGFYO ZFYGFYOWW Gvhcjo fl yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh $ fl yfwpocwhilf jfl mgdfyoozyhzhbkfczo +, goczyhzh h vch fbpyfwh jf wfnvykjhj phyh xvf yfhlkgf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènfcfw, fwzh ñlzkbh wf goc}kfyzf fc fc" ghynhjh jfl zyhzhbkfczo { lh yfwpocwhiklkjhj zhbikëc yfghf woiyf lh fbpyfwh ftzfych# Jf bhcfyh xvf fl fcghynhjo pvfjf yfwpocjfy gobo yfwpocwhilf wk lhw vzklkqh jf oybh kcjfikjh co yfwpfzhcjo lhw kcwzyvggkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl " gdfyo#Gvhcjo wf ghpzvyhc { hlbhgfchc kbènfcfw phyh gvhlxvkfy chlkjhj, { fw vch fbpyfwh ftzfych lh fcghynhjh jfl zyhzhbkfczo jf low jhzow, fl yfwpocwhilf jfif1 •
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]flhy poyxvf lh fbpyfwh ftzfych fcghynhjh jfl zyhzhbkfczo yfñch lhw nhyhc" zâhw phyh fl gvbplkbkfczo jf zojhw lhw oilknhgkocfw bhyghjhw poy lh LOPJ LOPJ## Gflfiyhy vc goczyhzo xvf fwzhilfqgh fwzh pyfwzhgk÷c jf wfy}kgko { lh yflhgk÷c fczyf fl yfwpocwhilf { fl fcghynhjo jfl zyhzhbkfczo zyhzhbkfczo##
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
$ 98
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
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Ghcgflhy lhw kbènfcfw vch }fq gvbplkjh lh yflhgk÷c goczyhgzvhl# F}kzhy xvf fl fcghynhjo wvigoczyhzf h wv }fq fl zyhzhbkfczo jf lh kcoy" bhgk÷c, whl}o xvf wf lf hvzoykgf ftpyfwhbfczf#
Fl goczyhzo xvf yfnvlh fl zyhzhbkfczo jf kbènfcfw poy zfygfyow fwzè yfgonkjo fc fl YJLOPJ wkfcjo wvw ghyhgzfyâwzkghw pykcgkphlfw lhw wknvkfczfw1 •
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Kjfczkghy lh chlkjhj jfl zyhzhbkfczo jf low jhzow poy fl fcghynhjo# Fwzhilfgfy ftpyfwhbfczf xvf low jhzow woc zyhzhjow gocoybf h lhw kcwzyvggkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf, { xvf co wf hplkghc goc ozyo c jkwzkczo hl xvf nvyf fc fl goczyhzo# Fwzkpvlhy lhw bfjkjhw jf wfnvykjhj xvf fl fcghynhjo fwzè oilknhjo h gvbplky#
Lhw kcwzhlhgkocfw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh gv{h chlkjhj fw lh wfnvykjhj fwzèc yfnvlhjhw bfjkhczf fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;: poy fl xvf wf hpyvfih fl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh# Fwzf yfnlhbfczo, yfgkfczfbfczf bojkghjo poy lh lf{ 96/900; gocogkjh gobo Lf{ ×bckivw, oilknh h lh goczyhzhgk÷c jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo goc vch fbpyfwh jf wfnvykjhj hvzoykqhjh poy fl Bkckwzfyko jfl Kczfykoy, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }knklhcgkh wf fcgvfczyf gocfgzhjh goc vch gfczyhl jf hlhybhw># Fc fwzf ghwo gocgyfzo, wf jfif oybhlkqhy vc goczyhzo jf wfy}kgko jf wfnvykjhj { cozkghy h lh hvzoykjhj gobpfzfczf#
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Mvfczf1 Nhikcfzf Avyâjkgo jf lh Hnfcgkh Fwphøolh jf Pyozfggk÷c jf Jhzow $900;+ Kcmoybf 0=60/900;# Jkwpockilf fc1 dzzp1//~~~#hnpj#fw/poyzhl~fiHNPJ/ghchljogvbfczhgkoc/kcmoybfw_avykjkgow/}kjfo}k " nklhcgkh/gobboc/pjmw/900;"0=60_Bojkghgk"oo"c"jf"low"wkwzfbhw"jf"}kjfo}knklhcgkh"poy"lh"lf{""oo" bckivw#pjm
99 +
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
Lh ghpzhgk÷c jf kbènfcfw phyh cfw jf wfnvykjhj pyk}hjh wkc hvzoykqhgk÷c o wkc goczhy goc vch fbpyfwh jf wfnvykjhj gvhcjo lh kcwzhlhgk÷c fwzè o }h{h h fwzhy gocfgzhjh h vch gfczyhl jf hlhybhw, fw whcgkochilf, zhczo poy lh HFPJ gobo poy lh coybhzk}h jf wfnvykjhj pyk}hjh#
6#:# WFNVYK WFNVYKJHJ JHJ JF LH KCMOY KCMOYBHGK×C BHGK×C Fl yfwpocwhilf jfl zyhzhbkfczo { jfl goczyol jf hggfwo jf lhw kbènfcfw, {h wfh fl pyopko kczfyfwhjo o lh fbpyfwh jf wfnvykjhj goczyhzhjh phyh fwzf c, fw fl fc" ghynhjo jf hjopzhy o bhcjhy hjopzhy lhw bfjkjhw zëgckghw { oynhckqhzk}hw cfgf" whykhw xvf nhyhczkgfc lh wfnvykjhj jf lhw kbènfcfw, fc gvhczo h lh bojkghgk÷c, pëyjkjh o hggfwo kcjfikjo# Hjfbèw, jfif kcoybhy h lhw pfywochw goc hggfwo h lhw kbènfcfw woiyf wvw oilknhgkocfw jf wfnvykjhj { wv jfify jf gocjfcgkhlkjhj yfwpfgzo h low jhzow ftpvfwzow# Wf fwzhilfgfc jkwzkczow ck}flfw jf wfnvykjhj 4 fc vcgk÷c jf lh kcoybhgk÷c jf gh" yègzfy pfywochl goczfckjh fc lhw kbènfcfw1 ièwkgo, bfjko { hlzo# Ghjh ck}fl fwzh" ilfgf vchw bfjkjhw phyh hwfnvyhy vcow gykzfykow jf gocjfcgkhlkjhj f kczfnykjhj jf lh kcoybhgk÷c# •
Lhw bfjkjhw jf ck}fl ièwkgo hplkghc wkfbpyf xvf ftkwzh vc zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow pfywochlfw# Woc bfjkjhw yflhzk}hw h kjfczkghgk÷c { hvzfczkghgk÷c, nfwzk÷c jf wopoyzfw, gopkhw jf yfwphljo, gykzfykow jf hygdk}o, yfwpocwhilf jf wfnvykjhj, pfywochl, kcgkjfcgkhw, goczyol jf hggfwo, hlbhgfchbkfczo, gvwzo" jkh jf wopoyzfw, gopkhw o yfpyojvggkocfw, hvjkzoyâh, zflfgobvckghgkocfw { zyhwlhjo jf jogvbfczhgk÷c#
4
Phyh bèw kcmoybhgk÷c woiyf lhw bfjkjhw gocgyfzhw1 dzzpw1//~~~#hnpj#fw/poyzhl~fiHNPJ/ghchljogv" bfczhgkoc/pvilkghgkocfw/gobboc/Nvkhw/NVKH_WFNVYKJHJ_9080#pjm
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
$ 97
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
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Lhw jf ck}fl bfjko yfgonfc lhw jf ck}fl ièwkgo { høhjfc o zyhw xvf kbplk" ghc fl gvbplkbkfczo jf vcow gykzfykow wvpfykoyfw jf gockjfcgkhl kjhj f kczfnykjhj jf lh kcoybhgk÷c fc yflhgk÷c h lh kjfczkkghgk÷c, nfwzk÷c jf wopoyzfw, yfwpocwhilf, kcgkjfcgkhw, goczyol jf hggfwo { hvjkzoyâh# Lhw jf ck}fl hlzo yfgonfc lhw jfl bfjko { ièwkgo { wvpocfc fl gvb" plkbkfczo jf low gykzfykow wføhlhjow fc wv nyhjo bètkbo# Wf yffyfc hl goczyol jf hggfwo, nfwzk÷c jf wopoyzfw, gopkhw jf yfwphljo, hlbh" gfchbkfczo, gopkh o yfpyojvggk÷c, zflfgobvckghgkocfw { zyhwlhjo jf jogvbfczhgk÷c#
Hjfbèw, zojh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf fwzf zkpo jfif goczhy goc vc jogvbfczo jf wfnvykjhj xvf yfñch low pyozogolow { pyogfjkbkfczow phyh vch goyyfgzh gvwzojkh jf low jhzow jf ghyègzfy pfywochl#
Co hjopzhy lhw bfjkjhw cfgfwhykhw phyh nhyhczkqhy lh wfnvykjhj jf low jhzow { fw" zhilfgfylhw fc vc jogvbfczo jf wfnvykjhj pvfjf wfy gocwkjfyhjo gobo whcgk÷c nyh}f#
6#6# GHCGFL GHCGFLHGK×C HGK×C JF LHW KBÈNFCFW Fl yfwpocwhilf jfl zyhzhbkfczo jfif flkbkchy lhw kbènfcfw hlbhgfchjhw fc fl plhqo plhqo bètkbo jf vc bfw jfwjf lh fgdh jf ghpzvyh jf lhw bkwbhw# Hczfw jf hlghcqhy fwzf lâbkzf, lhw kbènfcfw jfl hygdk}o jfifc wfy ghcgflhjhw g hcgflhjhw o wv hggfwo jfif fwzhy iloxvfhjo# Yfgvëyjfwf xvf ñckghbfczf dhc jf gocwfy}hywf fc low ghwow fc low xvf wf dh{h yfnkwzyhjo vc jflkzo o vch kcyhggk÷c, phyh pocfy" lhw h jkwpowkgk÷c jf lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj { jf lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw, Avfgfw { Zykivchlfw# Zykivchlfw#
9: +
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
6#=# GVHJYO YFWVBFC Fl wknvkfczf gvhjyo yfwvbf lhw oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw jf low wkwzfbhw fc bhzfykh jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow, ftzyhâjow jf lh coybhzk}h yflhgkochjh1 LOPJ, wv Yfnlhbfczo jf Jfwhyyollo f Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900=# Oilknhgkocfw fc bhzfykh jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow jfl yfwpocwhilf jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh Oilknhgk÷c
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Kcoybhgk÷c woiyf lh yfhlkqhgk÷c jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh
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Yfnkwzyo jf lh kcoybhgk÷c
Gyfhgk÷c jf gdfyo woiyf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { fl zyhzhbkfczo jf kbènfcfw { yfnkwzyo hczf HFPJ/hvzoykjhj hvzoc÷" bkgh goyyfwpocjkfczf goyyfwpocjkfczf## Low gdfyow jf zkzvlhykjhj pñilkgh yfxvkfyfc cozkghgk÷c ogkhl pyf}kh# •
Hggfwo h lh kcoybhgk÷c poy zfygfyow
Gflfiyhy fl goczyhzo xvf yfnvlf fl hggfwo h lhw kbènfcfw poy zfygfyhw phyzfw#
Wfnvykjhj jf lh kcoybhgk÷c
Flhioyhy fl Jogvbfczo jf Wfnvykjhj goc bfjkjhw zëgckghw { oy" nhckqhzk}hw#
Ghcgflhgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw
Flkbkchgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw fc vc plhqo bètkbo jf 70 jâhw#
Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw woiyf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow
$ 96
=#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcg }kjfo}knklhcgkh kh
Goc }oghgk÷c kcoybhzk}h, h goczkcvhgk÷c wf jfzhllhc lhw hplkghgkocfw jf low wkwzf" bhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh bèw ftzfcjkjhw ; { lh coybhzk}h xvf hplkgh h ghjh vco jf low ghwow, hwâ gobo h xvkëc goyyfwpocjf lh yfwpocwhiklkjhj jf hwfnvyhy fl goyyfg" zo gvbplkbkfczo jf fwzh#
=#8# ]KJFO ]KJFO]KNKL ]KNKLHCGKH HCGKH PHYH PHYH LH WFNVYKJH WFNVYKJHJ J JF IKFCFW [ PFYWOCH PFYWOCHWW Lh wfnvykjhjfwlhmchlkjhjjf}kjfo}knklhcgkhbèwvzklkqhjhfclhhg "
zvhlkjhj# Zkfcf gobo oiafzk}o pykcgkphl lh pyozfggk÷c jf low fczoycow { jf lhw pfywochw jfczyo jfl èyfh }knklhjh#
Ftkwzfc ièwkghbfczf jow coybhzk}hw xvf, hjfbèw jf lhw yflhzk}hw h pyozfg" gk÷c jf jhzow, yfnvlhc lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw goc cfw jf wfnvykjhj# •
•
Poy vc lhjo, lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;> yfnvlh lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }kjfogèbhyhw { nyhihgkocfw flhioyhjhw poy lh Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj, fc lvnhyfw pñilkgow, hikfyzow o gfyyhjow# Poy ozyo lhjo, fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;: poy fl xvf wf hpyvfih fl Yfnlh" bfczo jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh, yfnvlh lhw fbpyfwhw hvzoykqhjhw phyh lh kcwzh" lhgk÷c jf wkwzfbhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh fc fczoycow pyk}hjow#
Wfnvykjhj pñilkgh Lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh xvf yfhlkqhc lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj $MGW+ zkfcf poy oiafzo nhyhczkqhy lh wfnvykjhj gkvjhjhch, hwâ gobo pyf}fcky jflkzow { hlzhw yflhgkochjow goc lh wfnvykjhj pñilkgh#
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo1 lhw Gobvckjhjfw Hvz÷co" bhw zkfcfc gobpfzfcgkh phyh yfnvlhy { hvzoykqhy h lhw MGW lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf }kjfo" gèbhyhw fc fwzf wvpvfwzo, hwâ gobo lh gvwzojkh jf lhw nyhihgkocfw { fl goczyol jf hggfwo jf lhw kbènfcfw# ;
Phyh lh flhioyhgk÷c jf fwzf hphyzhjo wf dhc zfckjo fc gvfczh, jf moybh co ftglvwk}h, lhw hplkghgkocfw yfgonkjhw poy lh Nvâh jf ]kjfo}knklhcgkh, jf lh HFPJ#
9= +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;>, jf : jf hnowzo, yfnvlh fwpfgâghbfczf lh kcwzhlh" gk÷c jf }kjfogèbhyhw { lhw nyhihgkocfw flhioyhjhw poy lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfy" pow jf Wfnvykjhj# Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900=#
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpoc" whilfw1 •
Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;> jkwpo" cf1 ∙ Hvzoykqhgk÷c phyh lh kcwzhlh" gk÷c jf gèbhyhw ahw { b÷}klfw# ∙ Jkwpowkgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw h lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw, Avfgfw { Zykivchlfw# ∙ Kcyhggkocfw { whcgkocfw yflhgkochjhw goc fl jfwhyyollo jf lh hgzk}kjhj polkgkhl#
•
Lh LOPJ { lh kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= gobplfbfczhc h lh hczfykoy, hpvczhcjo1 ∙ Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh 80# ∙ Gyfhgk÷c jf gdfyow bfjkhczf vch jkwpowkgk÷c jf ghyègzfy nfcfyhl pvilk" ghjh fc fl jkhyko ogkhl#
80 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96 # Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 9>
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
:# Fafbplo1 }kjfo}knklhcgkh fc fjkgkow pñilkgow o hgoczfgkbkfczow gobo gflf" iyhgkocfw ogkhlfw# Wfnvykjhj }khl Fl oiafzo jf fwzf zkpo jf kcwzhlhgkocfw fw fl goczyol, yfnvlhgk÷c, }knklhcgkh { jkwgk" plkch jfl zyègo, hwâ gobo wfnvykjhj jf lhw }âhw#
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo1 lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw goc gobpfzfcgkh phyh lh yfnvlhgk÷c jfl zyègo, phyh hvzoykqhy lh kcwzh" lhgk÷c { vwo jf lhw }kjfogèbhyhw#
9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
•
Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;>, jf : jf hnowzo, fc wv jkwpowkgk÷c hjkgkochl ogzh}h, goczfbplh xvf lh hvzoykjhj gobpfzfczf fc ghjh ghwo fw lh fcghynhjh jf ffgzvhy lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { vwo jf }kjfogèbhyhw { jf gvhlxvkfy ozyo bfjko jf ghpzhgk÷c { yfpyojvggk÷c jf kbènfcfw phyh fl goczyol, yfnvlhgk÷c, }knklhcgkh { jkwgkplkch jfl zyègo# Lh Lf{ 84/8;4;, jf 96 jf avlko, jf Ihwfw woiyf Zyègo, Zyègo, Gkygvlhgk÷c jf ]fdâgv" low h Bozoy { Wfnvykjhj W fnvykjhj ]khl, hpyoihjo poy Yfhl Jfgyfzo lfnkwlhzk}o 77;/8;;0, jf 9 jf bhyqo, fc wv Zâzvlo K, wf yffyf h lhw hvzoykjhjfw goc pozfwzhj phyh fl fafygkgko { lh gooyjkchgk÷c jf lhw gobpfzfcgkhw woiyf zyègo, gkygvlhgk÷c jf }fdâgvlow h bozoy { wfnvykjhj }khl# Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900=#
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;> jkwpocf1 ∙ Hvzoykqhgk÷c jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw ahw { b÷}klfw#
94 +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
∙ Kjfczkghgk÷c jf lhw }âhw pñilkghw# ∙ Bfjkjhw xvf nhyhczkgfc lh jkwpockik" lkjhj, gocjfcgkhlkjhj f kczfnykjhj jf lhw kbènfcfw# ∙ Fl ÷ynhco fcghynhjo jf lh gvwzojkh { zyhzhbkfczo# ∙ Jkwpowkgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw h lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw, Avf" gfw { Zykivchlfw Zykivchlfw## •
Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= gobplfbfczhc h lh hczfykoy, hpvczhcjo1 ∙ Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh88# ∙ Gyfhgk÷c jf gdfyow bfjkhczf vch jkwpowkgk÷c jf ghyègzfy nfcfyhl pvilk" ghjh fc fl jkhyko ogkhl#
:# Fafbplo1 gèbhyhw kcwzhlhjhw fc jfzfybkchjow pvczow jf lh yfj }khykh# Wfnvykjhj fc f}fczow jfpoyzk}ow Low fwpfgzègvlow jfpoyzk}ow woc f}fczow fc low xvf wf yfñcf vch nyhc ghczkjhj jf hgkochjow fc vc fwphgko gfyyhjo# Phyh pyf}fcky gvhlxvkfy kcgkjfczf jf wfnvykjhj wf yfgvyyf h lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh gobo dfyyhbkfczh jf goczyol jf hggfwo hl yfgkczo { jf }knklhcgkh jvyhczf fl fcgvfczyo# Lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw wf yfhlkqh fc fl ftzf" ykoy f kczfykoy jf yfgkczow, gviykfcjo lhw qochw jf hggfwo { nyhjhw jocjf fl fwpfg" zègvlo wf llf}h h ghio#
88 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch pènkch 96#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 9;
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo1 fl glvi jfpoyzk}o fw fl yfwpocwhilf# Fc fl ghwo jf vc hggfwo h lhw kbènfcfw poy vch fbpyfwh jf wfnv" ykjhj ftzfych, fl fcghynhjo jfl zyhzh" bkfczo yfwpocjfyè gobo zkzvlhy fc ghwo jf vc zyhzhbkfczo kcjfikjo#
9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
Fl YJ 907/9080 hvzoykqh lh kcwzhlh" gk÷c jf wkwzfbhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh phyh lh pyf}fcgk÷c jf lh }kolfcgkh jvyhczf fwpfgzègvlow jfpoyzk}ow# Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= fc lo yflhzk}o hl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw#
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
•
Fl YJ 907/9080 fwzhilfgf lh hvzoykqhgk÷c jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { nyhihgk÷c bfjkhczf gèbhyhw ahw { b÷}klfw jf jfzfybkchjhw phyzfw ftzfykoyfw f kczf" ykoyfw jfl fwzhjko gobo hggfwow { nyhjhw# Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh89#
:# Fafbplo1 jfzfggk÷c jf kcjk}kjvow wowpfgdowow jf poyzhy oiafzow pflknyowow phyh lh wfnvykjhj, jvyhczf fl hggfwo lhw l hw kcwzhlhgkocfw#
89 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch pènkch 96#
70 +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
Wfnvykjhj pyk}hjh goc hggfwo h lh }âh pñilkgh Lh nyhihgk÷c jf lh }âh pñilkgh { jf low xvf zyhcwkzhc poy fllh fwzè pfybkzkjh fc hlnvcow wvpvfwzow poy bozk}ow jf wfnvykjhj# Lh lfnkzkbhgk÷c phyh fl vwo jf kcw" zhlhgkocfw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh wf gkøf h lh pyozfggk÷c jf fczoycow pyk}hjow# Lh pyf" }fcgk÷c jfl jflkzo { lh nhyhczâh jf lh wfnvykjhj fc lhw }âhw pñilkghw goyyfwpocjfc fc ftglvwk}h h lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj# Poy zhczo, lhw gèbhyhw { }kjfogèbhyhw kcwzhlhjhw fc fwphgkow pyk}hjow co pojyèc oizfcfy kbènfcfw jf fwphgkow pñilkgow whl}o xvf yfwvlzf kbpyfwgkcjkilf phyh lh chlkjhj jf }knklhcgkh xvf wf pyfzfcjf, o yfwvlzf kbpowkilf f}kzhylo poy yhq÷c jf lh vikghgk÷c jf hxvfllhw # Fc zojo ghwo jfifyè f}kzhywf gvhlxvkfy zyhzhbkfczo jf jhzow kccfgfwhyko phyh lh chlkjhj pfywfnvkjh# Hwâ, fl yfwpocwhilf jfl gdfyo hjfgvhyè fl vwo jf lh kcwzh" lhgk÷c jf bojo xvf fl kbphgzo fc low jfyfgdow jf low }khcjhczfw wfh fl bâckbo powkilf# Fc ckcnñc ghwo wf hjbkzkyè fl vwo jf pyègzkghw jf }knklhcgkh bèw hllè jfl fczoyco oiafzo jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fc phyzkgvlhy fc lo xvf wf yffyf h low fwphgkow pñilkgow gkygvcjhczfw, fjkgkow goczknvow { }fdâgvlow jkwzkczow jf low xvf hggf" jhc hl fwphgko }knklhjo#
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo 1 lh fczkjhj zkzvlhy jfl gdfyo# 9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, poy fl xvf wf hpyvfih fl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvyk" jhj Pyk}hjh# Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;>, jf : jf hnowzo fwzhilfgf xvf lh lhioy jf nhyhczk" qhy lh wfnvykjhj jf lh gkvjhjhcâh goyyfwpocjf fc ftglvwk}h h lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj jfl Fwzhjo { yfnvlh fwpfgâghbfczf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }kjfogèbhyhw { lhw nyhihgkocfw flhioyhjhw poy lhw Mvfyqhw { Gvfypow jf Wfnvykjhj# Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 78
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
•
Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= fc lo yflhzk}o hl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènf" cfw ghpzhjhw# Fwzh lfnkwlhgk÷c wf jfif hplkghy fc gocftk÷c hl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh#
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
•
Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, jkwpocf xvf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf wfnvykjhj jfif yfhlkqhylh vch fbpyfwh hvzoykqhjh poy fl Bkckwzfyko jfl Kczfykoy, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo wf fcgvfczyf gocfgzhjh goc vch v ch gfczyhl jf hlhybhw# Lh Lf{ Oynèckgh :/8;;> pyodâif lh ghpzhgk÷c jf kbènfcfw jf lh }âh pñilkgh, ftgfpzo fc jfzfybkchjow wvpvfwzow, fc low xvf phyh gocwfnvky lh chlkjhj pyf}kwzh wfh cfgfwhykh lh ghpzhgk÷c jf lh bkwbh#
:# Fafbplo1 vch fbpyfwh gologh gèbhyhw phyh hwfnvyhy low hggfwow h vch ch}f kcjvwzykhl# Fl èyfh jf nyhihgk÷c co jfif kcglvky phyzf jf lh ghllf, w÷lo lhw fczyh" jhw jf lh ch}f#
79 +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
Wfnvykjhj fc fwphgkow gobfygkhlfw { lñjkgow Ghjh }fq fw bèw popvlhy lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw fc fl goczyol jf hggfwo h fjk" gkow pñilkgow { pyk}hjow# Fwzow wkwzfbhw yfgopklhc kcoybhgk÷c jf lhw pfywochw xvf pyfzfcjfc hggfjfy h low fjkgkow#
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo 1 fl yfwpocwhilf jfl gdf" yo fw lh wogkfjhj o fbpyfwh xvf nfwzkoch lh whlh jf avfno, poy gv{h gvfczh wf ffgzñf lh yfhlkqhgk÷c jfl wfy}kgko jf wfnvykjhj#
9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
•
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Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, poy fl xvf wf hpyvfih fl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh# Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= fc lo yflhzk}o hl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw# Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/8;;=, yfnvlh low gdfyow fwzhilfgkjow fc fl goczyol jfl hggfwo h fjkgkow# Kcwzyvggk÷c 9/8;;=, yfnvlh low gdfyow fwzhilfgkjow fc fl goczyol jfl hggfwo h ghwkcow { whlhw jf ikcno#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 77
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
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Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, jkw" pocf xvf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf wfnv" ykjhj jfif yfhlkqhylh vch fbpyf" wh hvzoykqhjh poy fl Bkckwzfyko jfl Kczfykoy, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo wf fcgvfczyf gocfgzhjh goc vch gfczyhl jf hlhybhw# Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyo" zfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfw" pocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}k" nklhcgkh87# Lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/8;;= jkwpocf1 ∙ Low jhzow co pojyèc wfy vzklkqhjow phyh ozyh chlkjhj xvf lh jf goczyol jf hggfwo# ∙ Low jhzow co pojyèc wfy gfjkjow, whl}o gocwfczkbkfczo jfl kcjk}kjvo hfgzhjo#
•
Lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 9/8;;= jkwpocf xvf low jhzow wfyèc jfwzyvkjow fc fl plhqo bètkbo jf = bfwfw, h goczhy jfwjf fl ñlzkbo hggfwo#
:# Fafbplo1 vco jf low fafbplow bèw f}kjfczfw fw lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh fc ao{fyâhw, ghwkcow { whlhw jf avfnow, fzg#, {h xvf woc fwzhilfgkbkfczow fwzhilfgkbkfcz ow xvf yfxvkfyfc vfyzfw bfjkjhw jf wfnvykjhj# 87 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
7: +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
Wfnvykjhj fc fczkjhjfw chcgkfyhw Lhw gocjkgkocfw ftgfpgkochlfw jf wfnvykjhj jf low ihcgow, ghahw jf hdoyyo { jfbèw fczkjhjfw jf gyëjkzo ftknf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw fc jkgdow fczoycow#
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo 1 lh fczkjhj chcgkfyh# 9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, poy fl xvf wf hpyvfih fl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvyk" jhj Pyk}hjh# Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= fc lo yflhzk}o hl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènf" cfw ghpzhjhw# Fwzh lfnkwlhgk÷c wf jfif hplkghy fc gocftk÷c hl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh#
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
Fl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh $hyz# 890+ yfgonf vch wfykf jf oilknh" gkocfw fwpfgâghw1 ∙ Lhw kbènfcfw fwzhyèc ftglvwk}hbfczf h jkwpowkgk÷c jf lhw MGWF { jf lhw Hjbkckwzyhgkocfw Pñilkghw, Avfgfw { Zykivchlfw, hgklkzhcjo kcbfjkhzh" bfczf hxvfllhw xvf wf yffyhc h lh gobkwk÷c jf dfgdow jflkgzk}ow# ∙ Fl hggfwo h lhw nyhihgkocfw wfyè jf ghyègzfy yfwfy}hjo, ftglvwk}hbfczf phyh lhw MGWF { low Avfgfw { Zykivchlfw, { ñckghbfczf phyh lh kjfczkgh" gk÷c jf hvzoyfw jf jflkzow goczyh lhw pfywochw { goczyh lh pyopkfjhj {, fc wv ghwo, phyh lh Kcwpfggk÷c jf lh HFPJ, fc fafygkgko jf wvw gobpfzfcgkhw# ∙ Ckcnñc fbplfhjo jf lh fczkjhj chcgkfyh pojyè hggfjfy h lhw nyhihgko" cfw, goc lh ftgfpgk÷c jf hxvfllow goc lh ghzfnoyâh jf jkyfgzoy jf wfnvyk" jhj8:#
8: Gocmoybf h lh Lf{ jf Wfnvykjhj Pyk}hjh { wv Yfnlhbfczo jf jfwhyyollo#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 76
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
∙ Fl fafygkgko jfl jfyfgdo jf hggfwo jf low kcjk}kjvow co fw powkilf, wkc pfy" avkgko jf xvf xvfph kc}oghy fc wv ghwo lh zvzflh jf lh l h HFPJ# ∙ Lh ghcgflhgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw wf yfhlkqhyè fc vc plhqo jf 86 jâhw, whl" }o xvf lhw hvzoykjhjfw avjkgkhlfw o lhw MGW gobpfzfczfw dvikfwfc jkw" pvfwzo lo goczyhyko# ∙ Ftkwzfcgkh jf kcoybhgk÷c fwpfgâ" gh jkwpockilf phyh fl pñilkgo xvf pojyè wvwzkzvky h lh pyf}kwzh fc lh Kcw" zyvggk÷c 8/900=# •
Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh86#
:# Fafbplo1 vch fczkjhj chcgkfyh goczyhzh lh pyozfggk÷c jf lh wfnvykjhj goc vch fbpyfwh jf wfnvykjhj fwpfgkhlkqhjh# Wfnvykjhj fc wfy}kgkow pñilkgow jf zyhcwpoyzf Lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf }kjfogèbhyhw fc fl kczfykoy jf }fdâgvlow jf wfy}kgko pñilkgo, gobo hvzoivwfw vyihcow { zhtkw, hvbfczhc lh wfnvykjhj jfl gocjvgzoy { jf low phwhafyow#
8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo1 fl pyopkfzhyko jfl }fdâgvlo# 9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, poy fl xvf wf hpyvfih fl Yfnlhbfczo jf Wfnvyk" jhj Pyk}hjh#
86 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
7= +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
•
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7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
•
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8= ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
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Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
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9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
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7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
•
Fl Yfhl Jfgyfzo 97=:/8;;:, jkwpocf xvf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c jf wfnvykjhj jfif yfhlkqhylh vch fbpyfwh hvzoykqhjh poy fl Bkckwzfyko jfl Kczfykoy, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo wf fcgvfczyf gocfgzhjh goc vch gfczyhl jf hlhybhw# LOPJ f Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900=1 ∙ Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh 8># ∙ Hl zyhzhywf jf bfcoyfw, wf hplkghyè yknvyowhbfczf fl pykcgkpko jf ghlkjhj, pyopoygkochlkjhj { chlkjhj#
8> ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
74 +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
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9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
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7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
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Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ 7;
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
•
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84 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96# 8; ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
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Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
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8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo 1 lh fbpyfwh# 9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf1 •
•
Fwzhzvzo jf low Zyhihahjoyfw, Zyhihahjoyfw, fwpfgâghbfczf fc wv hyzâgvlo 90#7# Lh LOPJ { lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= fc lo yflhzk}o hl zyhzhbkfczo jf lhw kbènfcfw ghpzhjhw#
7# Oilknhgkocfw jf low yfwpocwhilfw1 •
Wf nhyhczkqhyè fl jfyfgdo h lh kcoybhgk÷c fc lh yfgonkjh jf lhw kbènfcfw ikfc bfjkhczf kcoybhgk÷c fwpfgâgh h lh yfpyfwfczhgk÷c wkcjkghl, fl ghyzfl hcvcgkhjoy { fl kbpyfwo fwzhilfgkjow poy lh Kcwzyvggk÷c 8/900= o bfjkhczf kcoybhgk÷c pfywochlkqhjh#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ :8
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
•
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Co pojyèc vzklkqhywf phyh cfw jkwzkczow jf low pyopkow jfl goczyol lhioyhl whl}o xvf wf zyhzf jf cfw lfnâzkbow { wf hjopzfc lhw bfjkjhw pfyzkcfczfw phyh fl gvbplkbkfczo jf lh coybhzk}h xvf lfw wfh jf hplkghgk÷c# Wf yfwpfzhyè jf bojo yknvyowo fl pykcgkpko jf pyopoygkochlkjhj, ivwghcjo bfjkjhw bèw kj÷cfhw, {, fc ghwo jf vzklkqhywf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh, lh bkwbh wf lkbkzhyè h low vwow fwzykgzhbfczf cfgfwhykow ghpzhcjo kbènfcfw fc low fwph" gkow kcjkwpfcwhilfw phyh whzkwhgfy lhw chlkjhjfw jf goczyol lhioyhl# Zfcjyèc fc gvfczh low jfyfgdow fwpfgâgow jf low zyhihahjoyfw yfwpfzhcjo low jfyfgdow h lh kczkbkjhj5 fl jfyfgdo vcjhbfczhl h lh pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow $fc yflhgk÷c goc fwphgkow }fzhjow h lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf fwzf zkpo jf bfjkow gobo }fwzvhykow, ihøow, zhxvkllhw o qochw jf jfwghcwo+, fl jfyfgdo h lh pyo" pkh kbhnfc jf low zyhihahjoyfw { fl jfyfgdo h }kjh pyk}hjh fc fl fczoyco lhioyhl $f}kzhcjo yfnkwzyhy lhw goc}fywhgkocfw pyk}hjhw+ Wf nhyhczkqhyè lh ghcgflhgk÷c jf lhw kbènfcfw fc fl plhqo bètkbo jf 70 jâhw, pvjkfcjo gocwfy}hywf ñckghbfczf hxvëllhw xvf yfnkwzyfc vch kcyhggk÷c o kcgvbplkbkfczo jf low jfifyfw lhioyhlfw# Oilknhgkocfw nfcfyhlfw jf pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow wfnñc gvhjyo nfcfyhl jf oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf jfl wkwzfbh jf }kjfo}knklhcgkh90#
:# Fafbplo1 fl èyfh jf zyhihao fc vch èiykgh, gobo zhllfyfw { hlbhgfcfw, wf fcgvfczyh wobfzkjo h }kjfo}knklhcgkh# Goczyol lhioyhl fc fczoycow jobëwzkgow Fw lfnâzkbh lh vzklkqhgk÷c jf gèbhyhw fc fczoycow jobëwzkgow phyh fl goczyol lhioyhl jf pfywochw hafchw goczyhzhjhw, poy fafbplo phyh fl jfwfbpføo jf 90 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
:9 +
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh
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8# Yfwpocwhilf jf lh kcwzhlhgk÷c { fl zyhzhbkfczo 1 lh pfywoch xvf kcwzhlh { zyhzh lhw kbènfcfw fc wv jobkgklko phyzkgvlhy#
9# Coybhzk}h hplkghilf { oilknhgkocfw jfl yfwpocwhilf1 lhw bkwbhw xvf fc fl ghwo jfl goczyol lhioyhl fc fbpyfwhw#
7# Fafbplo1 vch pfywoch pvfjf kcwzhlhy gèbhyhw fc wv ahyjâc { }knklhy wk wv ahyjk" cfyo yfhlkqh goyyfgzhbfczf fl zyhihao phyh fl gvhl dh wkjo goczyhzhjo#
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98 ]fy Zhilh jf lh pènkch 96#
Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ :7
Nvâh woiyf }kjfo}knklhcgkh { pyozfggk÷c jf jhzow pfywochlfw
•
Goczyol jfl hggfwo jf low vwvhykow h lhw kbènfcfw#
•
Nhyhczâh jfl hggfwo h zyh}ëw jf Kczfycfz#
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Hplkghgkocfw jf lh }kjfo}knklhcgkh } kjfo}knklhcgkh
$ :6
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