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JG^OBC ,^ONOKOC/ Vãaobc =
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ig =06"666 lcmoycbyg~+ ~oywcih gb gk ãbawkh bh}ig~yg ig ^onokoc c wbh~ ?6 ej ig Ncycboc wbh~ =>6 ej ig Vckg}jh+ ~oywcic `}gbyg c ]gaaoh io Nckcm}oc+ dwbyh ck jc} ck lhjþbojh G~y}gnlh ig Jg~obc+ swg ~gvc}c Oyckoc ig ^onokoc ,c ~hkh > eokþjgy}h~ gb ~w vc}yg jc~ g~y}gnlc/" Ig~ig ~w~ h}êagbg~ lc ~oih wb vwg}yh g~y}cyïaonh+ gb kc cnywckoici vh~gg wb ojvh}ycbyg vwg}yh nhjg}nock vg~swg}h" Kc thbc g~ ckycjgbyg ~ê~jonc+ ig lgnlh kc nowici `wg c}}c~cic pc}oc~ pgng~ gb kc cbyoaûgici" Iw}cbyg gk ôkyojh yg}}gjhyh igk =< ig ionogjm}g ig 3?6< kc nowici `wg v}ãnyoncjgbyg ig~y}woic5 jw}og}hb 06"666 ig kh~ 376"666 lcmoycbyg~ nhb swg nhbycmc gb kc ïvhnc" ^g nhb~g}pcb bwjg}h~c~ oakg~oc~+ vckcnoh~+ `h}yo`oncnohbg~ `wgbyg~ swg jg}gngb wbc po~oyc" Gb ~w~ jw~gh~ ycjmoïb ~g vwgigb nhbygjvkc} hm}c~ ig Nc}cpcaaoh + Cbyhbgkkh ic Jg~~obc + Ao}hkcjh Ckom}cbio + @okovh Vckciobo " LO^YH]OC
Gb kc a}cb hm}c ig Lhjg}h+ Kc Hio~gc+ gk g~y}gnlh g~ycmc vkcacih ig ~o}gbc~ swg nhb ~w ncbyh obygbyc}hb igygbg} c Wko~g~ vc}c swg kwgah kc jhb~y}wh~c n}ocyw}c G~nokc ,nc}cnyg}otcnoþb ig yhih~ kh~ vgkoa}h~ ig g~yg kwac}/ vwiog}c cycnc}kh" Kc lo~yh}oc ig kc nowici lc vc~cih vh} kc~ cawc~ igk G~y}gnlh swg kc ~gvc}c ig Oyckoc" Ig~ig gk jc} kkgac}hb a}ogah~+ }hjcbh~+ motcbyobh~+ bh}jcih~+ g~vcóhkg~ `}cbng~g~" Ycjmoïb `wg obpcioic vh} nc}ycaobg~g~+ nhkcmh}þ gb kc v}ojg}c awg}}c vôbonc+ vcignoþ kc vg~yg bga}c kh~ mc}nh~ swg acbc}hb kc mcyckkc ig Kgvcbyh vc}yog}hb ig Jg~obc" Gb ~w A}cb Lh~voyck g~ywph }gnwvg}ãbih~g gk g~n}oyh} Joawgk ig Ng}pcbyg~" Kc nowici ckncbtþ kc nojc ig ~w g~vkgbih} c v}obnovoh~ igk ~oakh \POO+ mcdh ihjoboh g~vcóhk4 gb kc ïvhnc gb swg `wg wbc ig kc~ iogt nowicig~ jã~ a}cbig~ ig Gw}hvc" Gb 3?6< wb yg}}gjhyh wb y~wbcjo ig~y}wþ kc nowici nc~o vh} nhjvkgyh c vc}yo} ig gbyhbng~ ~w}aoþ wbc bwgpc nowici jã~ jhig}bc `wbnohbck" Y}c~ g~yc }gnhb~y}wnnoþb ~w`}oþ kh~ mhjmc}igh~ ig kc ^gawbic Awg}}c Jwbiock phkpoþ c }g~w}ao} ig bwgph ig ~w~ ngbotc~" KWAC]G^ IG OBYG]G^ Iwhjh
Nhjgbtcic lcnoc `obckg~ igk ~oakh \O+ kc Ncygi}ck ~g}êc gbyhbng~ wbc ig kc~ jã~ cbyoawc~ oakg~oc~ ig yhic ^onokoc" @wg nhb~y}woic gb gk cóh 3306 mcdh gk jcbicyh igk }g ]hag} OO jhio`oncic gb kh~ cóh~ 3>66 3766" @wg pênyojc+ c gb gk ~oakh \OOO ig wb pohkgbyh obngbioh+ ig kh~ yg}}gjhyh~ igk ~oakh \POO igk ~oakh \POOO+ nc~o gbyg}cjgbyg ig~y}woic vh} gk ig 3?6< }gnhb~y}woic wbc pgt jã~5 cigjã~ `wg a}cpgjgbyg icócic vh} kh~ mhjmc}igh~ cjg}oncbh~ ig 3?9>" G~ ig vkcbyc mc~okonck iopoioic gb y}g~ vc}yg~+ nhb y}g~ ãm~oig~ ~gjono}nwkc}g~" Gb kc cnywckoici+ ~g vwgigb cijo}c} kh~ y}g~ jcabê`onh~ vh}yckg~ ig kh~ ~oakh~ \P \PO+ ig kh~ nwckg~ gk v}ojg}h g~ hm}c ig Mcmhnnoh ic Vovg}bh" Gb ~w obyg}oh} jg}gng wbc jgbnoþb g~vgnock ~w ygnlh ig jcig}c+ kh~ ~gvwkn}h~ igk Nc}igbck Awoihyyh ig Ycmocyo~+ kh~ ihng ckyc}g~ wb Dwcb Mcwyo~yc+ hm}c ig Cbyhbgkkh Acaobo" Gk yg~h}h ig kc Ncygi}ck ckmg}ac bwjg}h~h~ hmdgyh~ ig h}h+ vkcyc ygdoih~"
JG^OBC ,^ONOKOC/ Vãaobc > Ck kcih igk ygjvkh ~g kgpcbyc gk ncjvcbc}oh swg vh~gg gk jã~ a}cbig }gkhd c~y}hbþjonh igk jwbih+ }gckotcih gb 3?>> gb G~y}c~mw}ah" G~yã nhjvwg~yh vh} bwjg}c~ `oaw}c~ cbojcic~ swg obioncb obioncb kc~ lh}c~+ kh~ iêc~+ kh~ jg~g~+ kh~ vkcbgyc~ kc~ `og~yc~ }gkoaoh~c~+ } gkoaoh~c~+ c jgiohiêc yogbg kwac} wb pg}icig}h g~vgnyãnwkh swg bh lc swg vg}ig}~g" Ycjmoïb ~g }gnhjogbic kc ~wmoic ck ncjvcbc}oh+ ig 07 jgy}h~ ig ckyw}c+ swg ~g vwgig }gckotc} ig~ig kc~ ?466 ig kc jcócbc lc~yc kc~ 3>466 ig kc yc}ig" @wgbyg ig H}oþb
@wgbyg ~oywcic dwbyh ck Iwhjh igioncic c H}oþb+ wbh ig kh~ jêyonh~ `wbicih}g~ ig kc nowici+ ig clê ~w bhjm}g" Hm}c ig Jhbyh}~hko+ `wg nhb~y}woic vc}c nhbjgjh}c} kc nhb~y}wnnoþb igk v}ojg} cnwgiwnyh ig Jg~obc+ icyc igk ~oakh \PO" Kc~ `oaw}c~ swg kc cih}bcb }gv}g~gbycb c kh~ }êh~ Yomg}+ Ncbjc}h+ Bokh Gm}h" Jw~gh ]gaohbck
G~yg jw~gh jwg~y}c gk jcyg}ock }gkcyoph c kc o~kc ig ^onokoc4 ng}ãjonc~+ g~nwkyw}c~+ h}`gm}g}êc~ vobyw}c~ g|vwg~yc~ n}hbhkþaoncjgbyg" Gb gk jw~gh+ nhb~oig}cih ck jo~jh yogjvh wbc vgswgóc vg}h g|ngkgbyg vobcnhygnc+ ig~ycncb ig~ycncb kc~ hm}c~ ig Cbyhbgkkh ic Jg~~obc+ gk -Vhkêvyonh- ig ^cb A}gah}oh+ h kc -Po}agb nhb gk Bokh kh~ ^cbyh~-" Ycjmoïb jg}gng kc vgbc }g~ckyc} hy}c~ hm}c~ ojvh}ycbyg~ nhjh kc -Cih}cnoþb ig kh~ Vc~yh}g~- ig Nc}cpcaaoh kc -G~nokc- ig Jhbyh}~hko" Oakg~oc ig kc ^cbyc Jc}êc ig kc Cbwbnocnoþb ig kh~ Ncyckcbg~
G~ wbh ig kh~ jã~ v}gnoh~h~ yg~h}h~ ig Jg~obc" Gio`oncic c `obckg~ igk ~oakh \OO mcdh gk }gobh ig kh~ Bh}jcbih~+ v}hmcmkgjgbyg ~hm}g wb ygjvkh v}gg|o~ygbyg+ ~g nc}cnyg}otc vh} wbc ~gbnokkc vg}h gkgacbyg `cnlcic igk ~oakh \OOO+ gb kc swg ~g cm}gb y}g~ vh}yckg~+ vh} kc nôvwkc vh} kh~ jc}cpokkh~h~ ãm~oig~" G~ wb a}cb gdgjvkh ig `w~oþb gby}g g~yokh~4 motcbyobh+ }hjãbonh+ ã}cmg bh}jcbih"
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JG^OBC ,^ONOKOC/ Vãaobc 9
YCH]JOBC ,a}ogah cbyoawh ΩγχσθλΪκοθκ+ Ycw}hjgbohb+ kcyêb Ycw}hjgbowj/ g~ wbc nowici ~oywcic gb kc nh~yc g~yg ig kc o~kc ig ^onokoc ,Oyckoc/+ gb kc v}hpobnoc ig Jg~obc+ c jgioh ncjobh gby}g Jg~obc Ncycboc" G~yã nc~o gb gk kêjoyg ig kc v}hpobnoc ig Ncycboc+ ~g g|yogbig vh} gk jhbyg Ycw}h+ c =66 j ig ckyoywi+ ~g lckkc gb wb mcknþb ~hm}g gk jc}+ gb`}gbyg igk phknãb Gybc" G~ wb ngby}h yw}ê~yonh jw ojvh}ycbyg ig~ig gk ~oakh \O\" Ych}jobc
Vh~gg jcabê`onc vkcc~ ,cnng~omkg~ jgiocbyg ygkg`ï}onh/ wb vcy}ojhboh lo~yþ}onh jw }onh+ nwh jã|ojh g|vhbgbyg g~ gk nïkgm}g ygcy}h a}gnh*}hjcbh" Cigjã~+ ~g nhb~g}pc wb nc~yokkh ã}cmg+ swg hnwvc gk kwac} ig kc cbyoawc nowicigkc h C}|" Ncic g~swobc ig Ych}jobc jg}gng ~g} po~yc wbc hy}c pgt nhb nckjc" Iw}cbyg ~oakh~ lc gjm}wdcih c vhgyc~ g~n}oyh}g~ vobyh}g~ obswogyh~ swg ignoiog}hb gnlc} }cêng~ gb g~yg kwac}+ swotã~ vc}c vw}o`onc}~g gb nhbycnyh nhb kc mgkkgtc kc bcyw}ckgtc+ h swotã ~giwnoih~ vh} gk nkojc ôbonh }gpoah}otcbyg ig ~w gyg}bc v}ojcpg}c" ]gnh}icbih kc~ vckcm}c~ ig Aw ig Jcwvc~~cby+ g~n}oyc~ gb ~w kom}h Kc Poic G}}cbyg lcng nc~o wb ~oakh jgioh+ swg côb ~o}pgb ig nhb~wgkh vc}c pocdg}h~ cvw}cih~4 -^o ckawogb igmog}c vc~c} wb ~hkh iêc gb ^onokoc v}gawbyc}c swï igmh po~oyc}+ }g~vhbig}êc ~ob kwac} c iwic~4 Ych}jobc-" C~ê vwg~ g~ wb a}cb ngby}h yw}ê~yonh gio`oncih igby}h dwbyh c wbc lg}jh~c nowici jgiogpck ~oywcic gb kc nwjm}g ig wbc jhbycóc swg ncg gb cncbyokcih ~hm}g gk jc}" Ig~yobh `cph}oyh ig kh~ }onh~ gw}hvgh~+ ~g y}cyc ig wbc nowici swg nwgbyc nhb wbc vhmkcnoþb ig vhnh jã~ ig 36 jok vg}~hbc~" Gk nh}ctþb ig Ych}jobc kcyg gb gk Nh}~h Wjmg}yh O+ swg ~oawg gk y}ctcih ig wbc cbyoawc pêc }hjcbc ,Poc Pckg}oc/ swg wbêc Jg~obc Ncycboc" G~yc nckkg vgcyhbck+ ck oawck swg Nh}~h Ygcy}h A}gnh+ g~yc }gvkgyc ig yogbic~ ihbig g~ vh~omkg ciswo}o}+ gby}g hy}h~ v}hiwnyh~+ ng}ãjonc ig kc thbc+ dhg}êc oyckocbc jwgmkg~ cbyoawh~" LO^YH]OC
Ych}jobc bcng gb gk cóh >7< c"N nhb gk bhjm}g ig Ycw}hjgbohb `wg `wbicic vh} ckawbh~ v}þ`wah~ a}ogah~ swg v}hpgbêcb ig Bc|h~" Kc nowici ~g ig~c}}hkkþ nhjh wbc yêvonc nhkhboc a}ogac+ nhb kc nhb~y}wnnoþb igk ãah}c+ ig kc cn}þvhko~ gb gk Jhbyg Ycw}h+ igk Mhwkgwyg}ohb+ ~gig igk nhb~gdh nowicicbh igk Ygcy}h" Iw}cbyg kc ihjobcnoþb }hjcbc ~g gjvgtþ c }gjhigkc} wbc a}cb ncbyoici ig nhb~y}wnnohbg~ ig h}oagb a}ogah c }gckotc} hy}c~ jwnlc~ hm}c~ c}swoygnyþbonc~ ig a}cb pckh} swg yhicpêc vhigjh~ cijo}c} lh" Kc ~wng~opc ihjobcnoþb motcbyobc y}cdh nhb~oah wb vg}êhih ig g~vkgbih} `gkonoici5 ig lgnlh+ ig~vwï~ ig kc ncêic ig Nhb~ycbyobhvkc+ nhb kc vï}ioic ig ojvh}ycbnoc ig kc nowici ig ^o}cnw~c+ Ych}jobc ~g nhbpo}yoþ gb kc bwgpc ncvoyck ig ^onokoc h}ogbyck" Kh~ ã}cmg~ g~ywpog}hb gb kc o~kc ig~ig gk ^oakh O\ lc~yc gk \O+ hnwvcbih ycjmoïb Ych}jobc ihbig ig~y}wg}hb wbc mwgbc vc}yg ig kc nowici" Ï~yh~ `wg}hb }ggjvkctcih~ vh} kh~ Bh}jcbih~+ v}hngigbyg~ igk bh}yg ig Gw}hvc+ swg iog}hb cwag c kc }gkoaoþb n}o~yocbc nhb kc nhb~y}wnnoþb ig bwjg}h~h~ nhbpgbyh~" Kc ~wng~opc ihjobcnoþb g~vcóhkc ~góckþ wb vg}êhih ig ignkopg vhkêyonh gnhbþjonh" Nhb kc wbo`oncnoþb ig Oyckoc+ kc nowici gby}þ c `h}jc} vc}yg ig kc nhjwboici ig ^onokoc" Kh~ v}ojg}h~ v}hjhyh}g~ ig kc~ mgkkgtc~ ig Ych}jobc `wg}hb y}g~ c}yo~yc~ ckgjcbg~ swg kkgac}hb gb io~yobyh~ jhjgbyh~" Ahgylg kkgaþ cswê gb 31<1 gkhaoþ kc~ po~yc~ ig kc nh~yc igk Gybc" Wb ~oakh ig~vwï~+ kc~ vobyw}c~ ig Hyyh Agkgba swg }gy}cycmcb kc~ g~swobc~+ `kh}g~ vco~cdg~ ig Ych}jobc ~g g|lomog}hb gb Vc}ê~" Gk ï|oyh `wg objgiocyh gk vobyh} `wbiþ gk Lhygk Yojgh" Gb kc jo~jc ïvhnc+ ~w nhjvcy}ohyc Qoklgkj phb Akhgigb g~ncbickotcmc g~ncbickotcmc c kc ~hnogici mg}kobg~c nhb ~w~ `hyh~ ig boóh~ vc~yh}g~ ig~bwih~ nhb gk phknãb Gybc ig `hbih"
JG^OBC ,^ONOKOC/ Vãaobc 7 KWAC]G^ IG OBYG]G^ Ygcy}h A}ogah
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JG^OBC ,^ONOKOC/ Vãaobc 0
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KC G\NW]^OHB Iw}cbyg wbc g~nckc gb Jg~obc+ ygbgjh~ kc hvnoþb ig po~oyc} ~hkh kc nowici+ h cng}nc}bh~ c Ych}jobc+ ck Gybc+ h obnkw~h c pc}oh~ ig g~yh~ kwac}g~" Gb Jg~obc kh~ n}wng}h~ cy}cncb gb wb ~oyoh jw nïby}onh+ dwbyh c kc pêc Poyyh}oh Gjjcbwgkg OO+ c kc ckyw}c ig kc ^ycywc io Jg~~obc igk Vckctth Jwbonovckg" Gb gk vwg}yh lc wbc h`onobc ig yw}o~jh+ vg}h igvgbiogbih ig kc lh}c ig kkgacic igk mc}nh g~ vh~omkg swg bh g~yï cmog}yc" Cwb ~ob g~c ob`h}jcnoþb g~ jw ~gbnokkh po~oyc} Jg~obc vh} bwg~y}c nwgbyc ,igby}h ig kc ~gnnoþb Jg~obc ig g~yc jo~jc awêc vhiïo~ gbnhby}c} ob`h}jcnoþb vc}c }gckotc} wb }gnh}}oih mã~onh vh} kc nowici/" Kh jc~ lcmoywck g~ }gckotc} kc g|nw}~oþb c Ych}jobc vc}c gkkh gbnhby}c}go~ wbc mwgbc `khyc ig yc|o~ c kc ~ckoic igk vwg}yh swg }gckotcb wb }gnh}}oih c g~ycmkgnoih swg nhb~o~yg gb gk ig~vkctcjogbyh c Ych}jobc+ yg igdcb dwbyh c Vh}yc Jg~~obc yogbg~ wbc lh}c jã~ h jgbh~ ig yogjvh kom}g vh} kc nowici+ pwgkyc c Jg~obc+ bh}jckjgbyg vc~cbih vh} wb jo}cih} ig~ig ihbig ~g vwgig hm~g}pc} kc nowici gk g~y}gnlh igk jo~jh bhjm}g" Gk }gnh}}oih ~wgkg `obckotc} gb kc Vkctc igk Iwhjh+ ihbig+ ~o ~g kkgac c yogjvh+ ~g vwgig pg} gk g~vgnyãnwkh igk }gkhd c jgiohiêc" Ig~ig ckkê cbicbih ck mc}nh+ swg g~yã c nobnh jobwyh~" Gk v}gnoh g~ bgahnocmkg+ bgahnocmkg+ vg}h ~wgkg g~yc} gby}g =6 >6 gw}h~ vh} vg}~hbc+ ~g vcac ck `obckotc} gk }gnh}}oih" Wbc hvnoþb jc~ gnhbþjonc g~ o} gb y}gb" Kc g~ycnoþb g~yã c wbh~ swobng jobwyh~ cbicbih igk vwg}yh+ bcic jc~ ~cko} c kc otswog}ic yhih }gnyh ,Vocttc ]gvwmmkonc/" Ycjmoïb ~g vwgig kkgac} c kc g~ycnoþb wyokotcbih gk y}cbpêc+ swg yogbg vc}cic `}gbyg ck vwg}yh" Gb Ych}jobc gk y}gb yg igdc gb kc g~ycnoþb Ych}jobc*Aoc}iobo ~oywcic gb kc nh~yc+ vh} igmcdh ig kc nowici+ vc}c ~wmo} ~g vwgigb wyokotc} kh~ cwyhmw~g~ kcbtcig}c ,3₫/" Lc y}gbg~ gby}g Jg~obc Ych}jobc ,yhih~ kh~ swg no}nwkcb gby}g Ncycboc Jg~obc/ nc~o ncic jgioc lh}c gk y}cgnyh iw}c wbh~ 97 jobwyh~" qqq"y}gboyckoc"nhj Hy}c hvnoþb g~ o} gb cwyhmô~+ vg}h igmoih c kc~ jôkyovkg~ vc}cic~ swg }gckotc lc~yc kkgac} c Ych}jobc kc iw}cnoþb igk y}cgnyh g~ jw kc}ac vh} gkkh vhnh }gnhjgbicmkg" qqq"obyg}mw~"oy Kc wkyojc hvnoþb g~ ckswokc} wb nhnlg+ g~vgnockjgbyg obyg}g~cbyg ~o ~g yogbg obygbnoþb ig ~wmo} ck Gybc" @}gbyg ck vwg}yh ~g vwgigb gbnhby}c} jwkyoywi ig gjv}g~c~ ig ckswokg} ig nhnlg~+ nhb v}gnoh~ jw ~ojokc}g~+ obnkw~h gb ckawbc ig gkkc~ vhi}gjh~ }g~g}pc}kh v}gpocjgbyg vh} Obyg}bgy" Gk y}cgnyh lc~yc Ych}jobc h lc~yc kc `ckic igk Gybc g~ vh} cwyhvo~yc ,io}gnnoþb Ncycboc/+ jw ~gbnokkh" ^o kc g~nckc ig bwg~y}h n}wng}h g~ kc}ac+ ~g vhi}êc po~oyc} gk Gybc+ ig pwgkyc Ych}jobc+ cwbswg ~ogjv}g nhby}hkcbih jwnlh gk yogjvh io~vhbomkg" Vc}c po~oyc} gk Gybc ygbgjh~ ih~ hvnohbg~ Gybc Bh}i Gybc ^wi " G~yc ôkyojc g~ kc gby}cic ‛h`onock‚ kc swg io~vhbg ig jã~ vh~omokoicig~+ vg}h ycjmoïb g~ kc jã~ ckgdcic ig Jg~obc" _c igvgbig}ã igk yogjvh igk swg io~vhbacjh~" Bh hkpoic} kkgpc} ncktcih nþjhih ckah ig cm}oah" ^o swg}gjh~ po~oyc} Ych}jobc nhb bwg~y}h nhnlg ckswokcih+ }gnh}ici swg yhih gk ngby}h ig kc nowici g~ vgcyhbck+ nhb kh swg lcm}ã swg wyokotc} wbh ig kh~ jôkyovkg~ cvc}ncjogbyh~ ig vcah swg lc gb kc~ gby}cic~ ig kc nowici+ ckawbh ig gkkh~ nhb cwyhmw~g~ kcbtcig}c a}cywoyh~ ck ngby}h"
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