“APLICACIÓN DE LA LEY LABORAL, CASOS DE EXTRATERRITORIALIDAD, SITUACIÓN DE LOS PERUANOS EN EL EXTRANJERO Y VICEVERSA”
CURSO: DERECHO LABORAL
INTEGRANTES: QUIROZ ADRIANZÉN JUAN ALBERTO. YRIGOIN FERNÁNDEZ IRIS. NIZAMA MONTALVÁN MONTALVÁN LEONARDO. LEONARDO .
CICLO: VI
FACULTAD:
DERECHO
2015- CICLAYO
INTRODUCCIÓN
Cuand Cuand !a"#a$ !a"#a$%% d&# d&'&(! d&'&(! a# )'a"a* )'a"a* d&"&$ d&"&$%% $&n(+ $&n(+na' na' +n$&d+ +n$&d+a)a a)a$&n $&n)& )& d&'&(! d&'&(!% % ,unda$&n)a#&% d&'&(!% !u$an% -'u& &% un d&'&(! +n!&'&n)& a #a -&'%na !u$ana -'u& &# )'a"a* #a d+/n+,+(a a #a -&'%na0 &% d&(+'1 %n d&'&(!% na)u'a#&%1 d&'&(!% d&# !$"'& 2 #a $u*&'1 d&'&(! d& #% (+udadan%. Y nu&%)' T'+"una# Cn%)+)u(+na# %&3a#a u& #% d&'&(!% !u$an% ,unda$&n)a#&% &4-'&%an )an) una $'a#+dad "5%+(a ($ #a *u'+d+(+dad "5%+(a u& ($-'&nd& #a '&#&6an(+a $'a# d& una +d&a u& ($-'$&)& #a d+/n+dad !u$ana 2 %u% "*&)+6% d& au)n$7a $'a#1 2 )a$"+8n #a '&#&6an(+a *u'7d+(a u& (n6+&')& a #% d&'&(!% &n n'$a "5%+(a1 2 &% +n%)'u$&n) n&(&%a'+ -a'a u& &# +nd+6+du d&%a''##& &n #a %(+&dad )da% %u% -)&n(+a#+dad&%.
1
La Cn%)+)u(+9n #7)+(a d&# &'; &%)a"#&(& u&
(n%)+)u(+9n '&(n(&1 %& +n)&'-'&)an d& (n,'$+dad (n #a D&(#a'a(+9n Un+6&'%a# d& d&'&(!% !u$an% !u$an% 2 (n #% )'a)ad% )'a)ad% 2 a(u&'d% a(u&'d% In)&'na(+na#&% In)&'na(+na#&% %"'& #a% $+%$a% $a)&'+a% 'a)+,+(ad% 'a)+,+(ad% -' &# &';<. Y (uand )(a$% &# )&$a d&# d&'&(! #a"'a# +n$&d+a)a$&n)& )&n&$% u& )'a)a' %"'& #a d+/n+dad d& #a -&'%na u& )'a"a*a 2 &# )8'$+n d+/n+dad d&'+6a d&# 6(a"# &n #a)7n d+/n+)a%1 2 d&# ad*&)+6 d+/n1 u& %+/n+,+(a 6a#+%1 (n !n'1 $&'&(&d'. La d+/n+dad &% #a (ua#+dad d& d+/n & +nd+(a1 -' )an)1 u& a#/u+&n &% $&'&(&d' d& a#/ u& una (%a -%&& un n+6&# d& (a#+dad a(&-)a"#&.
La d+/n+dad !u$ana &% un 6a#' un d&'&(! +n6+#a"#& & +n)an/+"#& d& #a -&'%na1 &% un d&'&(! ,unda$&n)a# 2 &% &# 6a#' +n!&'&n)& a# %&' !u$an -'u& &% un %&' 'a(+na# u& -%&& #+"&')ad 2 &% (a-a= d& ('&a' (%a%. E%) u+&'& d&(+' u& )d% #% %&'&% !u$an% -u&d&n $d&#a'1 (a$"+a' 2 $&*'a' %u% 6+da% &*&'(+&nd %u #+"&')ad 2 -' $&d+ d& #a )$a d& d&(+%+n&%.
La d+/n+dad %& "a%a &n &# '&%-&) 2 #a &%)+$a u& una -&'%na )+&n& d& %7 $+%$a 2 &% $&'&(&d'a d& &%& '&%-&) -' )'% -'u& )d% $&'&(&$% '&%-&) %+n +$-')a' (9$ %$%. Cuand '&(n(&$% #a% d+,&'&n(+a% d& (ada -&'%na 2 )#&'a$% &%a% d+,&'&n(+a%1 #a -&'%na -u&d& %&n)+'%& d+/na1 (n !n' 2 #+"'&.
1 Constitución Política del Perú 1993. Jurista Editores. Lima-Perú
En &# '&5$"u# d& La D&(#a'a(+9n Un+6&'%a# d& D&'&(!% Hu$an% d& >?@ !a"#a d& #a
u& <)d% #% %&'&% !u$an% na(&n #+"'&% & +/ua#&% &n d+/n+dad 2 d&'&(!%<.
Ha"#and 2a d& nu&%)' )&$a &n(a'/ad )&n&$% u& d&(+' u& &n # u& '&%-&()a a #a% a-#+(a(+n&% 2a %&a )&$-'a#1 )&''+)'+a#1 a%7 ($ )a$"+8n #a% u& %& a-#+(an &n &# )+&$- 2 &# &%-a(+ ad&$5% d& #% (a%% d& &4)'a)&''+)'+a#+dad 2 # u& $5% '&#&6an(+a d&"& )&n&'1 &%)a$% !a"#and d& #a %+)ua(+9n d& #% -&'uan% &n &# &4)'an*&' 2 d& #% &4)'an*&'% &n &# &';0 6a$% a ana#+=a' #% d+%)+n)% &#&$&n)% 2 (+'(un%)an(+a% u& d& )d% &%)% %u")&$a% %& d&'+6an.
T&n&' (#a' &# )&$a n% 6a a (ndu(+' a &%)a"#&(&' 2 a )&n&' una n(+9n $5% (#a'a a(&'(a d&# )'a"a* u& ($ %&3a#a Du/#a% M(. G'&/' u& &# )'a"a*a' &% una a()+6+dad na)u'a# d&# !$"'&1 ($ *u/a' d&%(an%a'. E# !$"'& "u%(a au) (n)'#a'%& 2 au) d+'+/+'%& 2 a%u$& (n (n '&%'&%-n n%a %a"+ "+#+#+da dad d #a% #a% )a'& )a'&a% a% u& u& %& #& &n( &n($+ $+&n &nda dan. n. E# )'a" )'a"a* a*ad ad' ' )+&n )+&n& & %&d %&d d& (n(+$+&n)% 2 a-#+(a %u +n/&n+ 2 ('&a)+6+dad &n #a% )a'&a% d+a'+a%1 &# )'a"a*ad' )+&n& a$"+(+n&% 2 a%-+'a a a%(&nd&' &n #% n+6&#&% *&'5'u+(% d& %u '/an+=a(+9n.
L% -'(&%% d& +n)&/'a(+9n +n)&'na(+na# a #% u& %& !an 6+%) %$&)+da%1 &n #% ;#)+$% )+&$-%1 #a% &(n$7a% na(+na#&% d& #a -'5()+(a ))a#+dad d& #% E%)ad% d&%a''##ad%1 #a %u-'&%+9n /#"a# d& #a% "a''&'a% +$-u&%)a% a #a #+"'& (+'(u#a(+9n d& $&'(an(7a%1 (a-+)a#&%1 %&'6+(+% 2 -&'%na# 2 #a (''&#a)+6a &4-an%+9n )'an%na(+na# d& #a% (u)a% d& $&'(ad d& nu$& nu$&' '%a %a%% &n)+ &n)+dad dad&% &% $&'( $&'(an an)+)+#& #&%% !an !an a#)& a#)&'ad 'ad n)a n)a"# "#&$ &$&n &n)& )& #% #% %+%) %+%)&$ &$a% a% +n)& +n)&'n 'n% % d& '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&%1 %"'& )d1 -' # u& a #a u"+(a(+9n &%-a(+a# d&# )'a"a* %& '&,+&'& 21 (n('&)a$&n)&1 &n # '&#a)+6 a #a% -)&n(+a#&% d&(+%+n&% $d+,+(a)+6a% d&# #u/a' d& )'a"a* u& -u&dan ad-)a'%& &n &# 5$"+) &$-'&%a'+a#1 %u'/+&nd a%7 una nu&6a ,+/u'a a #a u& %& #& !a d&n$+nad $6+#+dad /&/'5,+(a +n)&'na(+na# d& #% )'a"a*ad'&%. E%)a% nu&6a% '&a#+dad&% %(+&(n9$+(a% !an %u-u&%) &# na(+$+&n) d& 6a'+ada% %+)ua(+n&% ,5()+(a% n&(&%+)ada% d& a$-a' #&/a# 21 &n (n%&(u&n(+a1 d& una %#u(+9n *u'7d+(a &%-&(7,+(a &n (ada (a%1 !a"+da (u&n)a d& #% &6+d&n)&% -'"#&$a%1 '&#a)+6% a #a d&)&'$+na(+9n d& #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& 2 d& #a ($-&)&n(+a *ud+(+a#1 u& %& -'du(&n (uand )+&n& #u/a' una $&d+da )an )'a%(&nd&n)a# -a'a &#
)'a"a*ad' ($ &% &# (a$"+ d& u"+(a(+9n d& #a -'&%)a(+9n d& %&'6+(+% 2 #a $+%$a -a%a a d&%a''##a'%& &n &# )&''+)'+ d& un -a7% d+%)+n) d&# !a"+)ua#.
CONTENIDO DEL TE!A E# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* %& -d'7a d&(+' -'+$a ,a(+&1 u& &% #a 'a$a d&# d&'&(! '&/u#ad'a d& #a% '&#a(+n&% d& )'a"a*. E%)a% '&#a(+n&% )+&n&n ($ un+dad a #a '&#a(+9n d& )'a"a* +nd+6+dua# &%)a"#&(+da &n)'& una -&'%na u& &n)'&/a %u ,u&'=a d& )'a"a* a )'a u& -a/a -' &##a una '&$un&'a(+9n. 2
' (a$- d& a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* %& &n)+&nd& %u &4)&n%+9n a un (n*un) d&
'&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% 2 a #a% (n%&(u&n(+a% d&'+6ada% d&# +n(u$-#+$+&n) d& %u% "#+/a(+n&% -' a#/una d& %u% -a')&%. A%7 una '&#a(+9n d& )'a"a* da #u/a' a# /(& d& #% d&'&(!% %u"*&)+6% '&(n(+d% -' &# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* 2 -' &# D&'&(! d& #a S&/u'+dad S(+a# -' u+&n -'&%)a &# )'a"a*0 21 -' &# (n)'a'+1 una '&#a(+9n d& )'a"a* n +n(#u+da &n &# (a$- d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* n /&n&'a &%% d&'&(!%. &' au7 )'-&=a$% (n una d& #a% /'and&% '&a#+dad&% 2 a# $+%$ )+&$- un -'"#&$a d&# d&'&(! &n /&n&'a# 21 &n -a')+(u#a'1 d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a*: #a d+,&'&n(+a &n)'& &# (a$- d& a-#+(a(+9n ,'$a# 2 &# (a$- d& a-#+(a(+9n '&a#. E# -'+$&' (n%+%)& &n #a -%+"+#+dad d& a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* a una d&)&'$+nada '&#a(+9n1 &# %&/und &%)'+"a #a a-#+(a(+9n &,&()+6a d& &%a% d+%-%+(+n&% a #a '&#a(+9n. 3
La a-#+(a(+9n d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% a )'a68% d& %u% ,u&n)&% n'$a)+6a% a()a un $a'(
(n)'a()ua# 2 %&/;n %u% ,u&n)&% d& "#+/a(+n&% #a% '&%-&()+6a% '&/u#a(+n&% d& d&'&(!% 2 "#+/a(+n&% #a"'a#&%. Ad&$5% %u'/&n #% d% -'"#&$a% u& 6a$% a &%)a' $&n(+nand a # #a'/ d& &%)& )'a"a* #a% (ua#&% %n: La
&#&((+9n d& #a n'$a *u'7d+(a a-#+(a"#&1 2 E# 5$"+) d& a((+9n d& #a au)n$7a (n)'a()ua# É%)a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a #&/+%#a(+9n #a"'a# 6a a %&' &*&(u)a (n -'+n(+-+% u& %n +nd+%-&n%a"#&% -a'a )'/a' una $a2' (&')&=a 2 -' )an) (n##&6a' a #a *u%)+(+a -'-+a d& #a 'a$a1 8%)% %n:
2 Néve !u"ica# Javier. $ntroducción al %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. Editorial )*) E%$'+*E,# Lima-Perú 199 3 Ermida riarte# +scar. %erec&o La(oral. !ontevideo. E%$C$+NE, J*/%$C), )!)L$+ !. 0E*NN%E. 191.
1" I#$%&'&%$()*+# . /(&(3% (3 $&((4(& %# )(. % 6( .&% %3 .*7#*/*)( % 6#( #&(8- D& !a"&' %(u'+dad &n &# %&n)+d d& una (#5u%u#a d&# (n)'a) d& )'a"a*1 %& -'&,+&'& +/ua#$&n)& &# %&n)+d $5% 6&n)a*% -a'a &# )'a"a*ad'. La a-#+(a(+9n d& &%)& -'+n(+-+ &% -'&,&'&n)& a (ua#u+&' )' $8)d d& +n)&'-'&)a(+9n n'$a)+6a.
2" N&( . /(&(3% (3 $&((4(& (uand d% $5% n'$a% '&/u#&n &n ,'$a +n($-a)+"#& un $+%$ !&(!. La ($-a'a(+9n &n)'& #a% n'$a% &n (n,#+() %& !a(& -' +n%)+)u(+n&%.
9" I&&%#6#)*(*3*( d& #% d&'&(!% d&# )'a"a*ad' na(+d% d& n'$a% +$-&'a)+6a%. " C#*)*+# . %#%/*)*.( -a'a (n%&'6a' #a% 6&n)a*a% a#(an=ada% a -a')+' d& (n)'a)% d& )'a"a*1 (n(&%+n&% un+#a)&'a#&% n n'$a)+6a% d&# &$-#&ad' (n%#+da(+9n -' &# )'an%(u'% d&# )+&$-1 ,'&n)& a nu&6a% n'$a% u& #a% %u-'+$an '&"a*&n.
5" I76(3( (#$% 3( 3%; 1 d& )'a) 2 d& -')un+dad&% &n &# &$-#&. E%)5 -'%('+)a )da (#a%& d& d+%('+$+na(+9n d+'&()a +nd+'&()a. N (n%)+)u2&n d+%('+$+na(+9n #a% a((+n&% -%+)+6a% )&$-'a#&% ad-)ada% -' &# E%)ad1 d&%)+nada% a #/'a' una +/ua#a(+9n &,&()+6a &n)'& d+6&'%a% (#&()+6+dad&% u& )&n/an n)'+a% d&%+/ua#dad&% $a)&'+a#&%.
<" P&*()=( % 3( &%(3*( -a'a -'&,&'+' #% !&(!% %"'& #a% ,'$a% 2 #a% a-a'+&n(+a%. >" F%#$ '& %3 E.$( d& #a au)n$7a (#&()+6a ($ +n%)'u$&n) d& '&/u#a(+9n &u+#+"'ada d& #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% 2 /&n&'a(+9n d& -a= %(+a#.
?" F%#$ % 3( /&(3*( u& -&'$+)& a# E%)ad 6&'+,+(a' &# (u$-#+$+&n) d& # -'&6+%) -' &# 'd&na$+&n) #a"'a#1 ($ '&u+%+) -a'a (n)'a)a' (n &# %&()' -;"#+( a((&d&' a d&)&'$+nad% "&n&,+(+%1 +n(&n)+6% #+(&n(+a%. Td% &%)% -'+n(+-+% d&"&n a-#+(a'%& d& a(u&'d a #&2 & +n)&'-'&)5nd#% d& $an&'a u& n% &n(n)'&$% an)& una %#u(+9n d& un (n,#+() *u%) 2 a-&/ad a# d&'&(! #a"'a#1 -&' -a'a u& &## %u(&da n %# )&n&$% u& "a%a'n% &n #% -'+n(+-+% %+n )a$"+8n '&%-&)a' #a% '&#a(+n&% +nd+6+dua#&% 2 (#&()+6a% d& )'a"a* u& &n nu&%)' -a7% %& '&/u#an a )'a68% d&: 4
La Cn%)+)u(+9n0 L% )'a)ad% a-'"ad% 2 'a)+,+(ad%0
4 ,an5uinetti *aimondi. Los Contratos de tra(a"o de duración determinada. E%$'+*$)L )*) PE*6. 1999.
La% #&2&% 2 d&$5% n'$a% (n 'an/ d& #&20 L% '&/#a$&n)%0 L% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%0 L% '&/#a$&n)% +n)&'n% d& )'a"a*0 La (%)u$"'&0 La *u'+%-'ud&n(+a0 21 L% (n)'a)% d& )'a"a*. La *u'+%-'ud&n(+a 2 #a d()'+na (+&n)7,+(a a%u$&n un +$-')an)7%+$ -a-&# &n 'd&n a #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a*1 n 2a %#a$&n)& &n (uan) u& *u&(&% 2 d()'&% '&a#+=an )a'&a% +n)&'-'&)a)+6a% 2 a-#+(a)+6a% d& #a% n'$a%0 #a *u'+%-'ud&n(+a 2 #a (+&n(+a d&# d&'&(!1 %&/;n '&(u&'da LARENZ1 %& '&-a')&n #a )a'&a d& #a +n)&'-'&)a(+9n1 %+n )a$"+8n 2 -'+n(+-a#$&n)&1 -'u& #% *u&(&% 2 ad$+n+%)'ad'&% -;"#+(% ad&$5% d& #% &%)ud+%% d&# D&'&(!1 2&nd $5% a##5 d& #a '&%#u(+9n d&# an5#+%+% d&# (a% (n('&)1 ('&an una d()'+na $&d+an)& #a u& ,+*an &# %&n)+d u& d&"& da'%& a #a n'$a *u'7d+(a. D& &%)& $d1 #a n'$a 2a n &% &n)&nd+da ($ un &n)& au)9n$ 2 a+%#ad1 %+n ($ un )&4) )'an%$+)+d +n)&'-'&)ad -' u+&n&% )+&n&n #a $+%+9n d& d&%6&#a' %u %+/n+,+(ad a #% d&$5%0 #a n'$a n )+&n&1 &n (n%&(u&n(+a1 )' %&n)+d u& &# u& #& a)'+"u2&n %u% +n)8'-'&)&% (ua#+,+(ad%1 %&an 8%)% *u&(&%1 ,un(+na'+% ad$+n+%)'a)+6% -',&%'&%1 &%) &%1 -&'%na% +n6&%)+da% d& #a ,a(u#)ad d& a-#+(a' d& &n%&3a' &# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a*.
E# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a*1 ($ )d &# d&'&(! &n /&n&'a#1 &4+%)&1 "6+a$&n)&1 -a'a (n,+/u'a' d& una ,'$a d&)&'$+nada #a '&a#+dad %(+a#0 d+(! d& )' $d1 &# d&'&(! na(& -a'a %&' a-#+(ad. E%)a ,un(+9n d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a n'$a a #a '&a#+dad d+%(+-#+nada -' &# d&'&(!1 a )'a68% d& #a (ua# %& -'&)&nd& 6+n(u#a' n'$a% 2 '&a#+dad&%1 %& a)'+"u2& /&n&'a#$&n)& a #% 9'/an% *u'+%d+((+na#&% 2 ad$+n+%)'a)+6%0 #a ($-'"a(+9n d& # d&"+d -&'$+)+d *u'7d+(a$&n)& &n &# (a% (n('&) %& '&a#+=a &n ,'$a au)'+)a'+a -' +n)&'$&d+ d& u+&n&% &%)5n 6&'dad&'a$&n)& ##a$ad% a a-#+(a' &# d&'&(!1 &% d&(+' -' #% )'+"una#&% d& *u%)+(+a 2 #a% au)'+dad&% ad$+n+%)'a)+6a% d&# E%)ad. S+n &$"a'/1 &# !&(! d& u& #a a-#+(a(+9n $5% %)&n%+"#& 2 a-a'a)%a d&# d&'&(! %&a #a *ud+(+a# 2 #a ad$+n+%)'a)+6a1 n d&"& !a(&' #6+da' u& &4+%)& una a-#+(a(+9n1 u& ##a$a'7a$% !a"+)ua# n'$a#1 d&# d&'&(! -' au&##% %u*&)% u& %n %u% d&%)+na)a'+% "5%+(%0 %+ &% (+&') 2 # &% u& nu&%)' !a(&' &%)5 (n)+nua$&n)& %$&)+d a# D&'&(!1 )a# a,+'$a(+9n &% %+n9n+$a d& u& nu&%)' !a(&' %u-n& una (n)+nua a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(!.
7 *endón 8s:ue# Jor5e. %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. 'eoría ;eneral 1. ,e5unda Edición. E%$'+*$)L J*/%$C) ;*$JLE<.
La a-#+(a(+9n d& #a n'$a #a"'a# %& '+/&1 &n &%&n(+a1 -' #a% '&/#a% -' #a% u& %& (ndu(& #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(! &n /&n&'a#0 '&/#a% &n)'& #a% u& (u-an un #u/a' d&%)a(ad #a% d& (a'5()&' +n)&'-'&)a)+6. A%71 #a $&(5n+(a d& #a a-#+(a(+9n d& una -'-%+(+9n *u'7d+(#a"'a# a un !&(! d+%(u''& )an) a )'a68% d&# 'a=na$+&n) #9/+( ,'$a# a )'a68% d&# (ua# &# (a% (n('&) u&da ($-'&nd+d &n &# %u-u&%) /&n&'a# -'&6+%) -' #a n'$a1 '+/+&nd &n)n(&% una (n%&(u&n(+a *u'7d+(a. E# !&(! d& u& #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% %& &,&();& d& a(u&'d (n #a% )8(n+(a% ($un&% %"'& a-#+(a(+9n d&# D&'&(!1 n +$-+d& #a &4+%)&n(+a d& -&(u#+a'+dad&%1 (n/'u&n)&% (n #a %+n/u#a'+dad d&# 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+(#a"'a#. D& un #ad1 &n &,&()1 #a% &%-&(7,+(a% ,+na#+dad&% -&'%&/u+da% -' &# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* %& )'adu(&n &n &# &%)a"#&(+$+&n) d& -'+n(+-+% +n,'$ad'&% (a'a()&'7%)+(% d& &%)& %&()' d&# 'd&na$+&n)1 u& +n%-+'an )da #a #&/+%#a(+9n #a"'a#. D& )'a -a')& #a *&'a'u7a d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% %& &%)'u()u'a d& un $d -'-+0 #a &4+%)&n(+a d& ,u&n)&% &%)'+()a$&n)& *u'7d+(#a"'a#&%1 ($ %n &# (n6&n+ (#&()+6 un+d a# *u&/ d&# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&1 +$-'&/nan d& un %&n)+d %u+ /&n&'+% a #a 'd&na(+9n *&'5'u+(a d& #a% n'$a% d&# T'a"a*.
Ta'&a +n&4(u%a"#& d& u+&n %& &n,'&n)a (n &# &%)ud+ d& una 'a$a d&# D&'&(!1 &n
nu&%)' (a% (n &# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* &% #a d& d&#+$+)a' &# 5$"+) u& #& &% -'-+1 ,+*and #% #7$+)&% u& #a d+%)+n/u&n d& -%+"#&% %&()'&% a,+n&% d&# O'd&na$+&n). E%a )a'&a d& d&,+n+(+9n !a d& a''an(a' d& #a +d&n)+,+(a(+9n d& #a '&a#+dad "5%+(a (u2a &4+%)&n(+a '&(#a$a una 'd&na(+9n (#a'a 2 d&#+$+)ada. E%)a d+%(+-#+na "5%+(a &%)5 (n%)+)u+da1 &n &# (a% d& nu&%)'a d+%(+-#+na1 -' un &n)'a$ad d& '&#a(+n&% d& )'a%(&nd&n(+a n)'+a1 &% )an n)'+a u& %+n &##a% n &% ($-'&n%+"#& &# 6+6+' d& #a ($un+dad1 a %a"&' d& au&##a% '&#a(+n&% &n 6+')ud d& #a% (ua#&% una% -&'%na% )'a"a*an &n u)+#+dad 2 "a* #a d&-&nd&n(+a d& )'a%1 d& #a% u& '&(+"&n a (a$"+ una '&$un&'a(+9n ($ '&)'+"u(+9n. D+'&()a +nd+'&()a$&n)&1 )d &# ($-#&* a-a'a) n'$a)+6 & +n%)+)u(+na# d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* '&-%a %"'& &%a ,unda$&n)a# '&a#+dad1 (u2% #7$+)&% %n a%+$+%$ #% #7$+)&% (n -'"a"+#+dad1 %$&)+d% a una -&'a(+9n d& '&6+%+9n '&%)'+()+6a a$-#+,+(ad'a.
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Una d&#+$+)a(+9n +n+(+a# d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* +nd+(a1 -u&%1 u& 8%)& !a na(+d 2 &4+%)& -a'a 'd&na' d&)&'$+nada% '&#a(+n&%1 # u& -' &# -'+n(+-+ &4(#u2& d& %u 5$"+) #a% ,'$a% au)+%)a% +n)'an%+)+6a% d& a()+6+dad #a"'a#1 &%) &%1 &# )'a"a* au)9n$ -' (u&n)a -'-+a. ' # )an)1 n (ua#u+&' '&#a(+9n &n)'& -&'%na% u& )&n/a un "*&) #a -'&%)a(+9n d& una a()+6+dad )'a"a* &% %+n $5% una '&#a(+9n #a"'a# u& a)'a+/a %"'& %+ #a n&(&%a'+a a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a*0 %# %n '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% %)'+() %&n%u au&##a% u& %& !a##an d)ada% d& una &%-&(7,+(a (n,+/u'a(+9n.
LA APLICACIÓN DE LAS NOR!AS LABORALES8 PECULIARIDADES
' a-#+(a(+9n d&"&$% &n)&nd&' #a -&'a(+9n #9/+(a -' #a u& %& d&)&'$+na #a n'$a *u'7d+(a u& d&"& d&%-#&/a' %u% &,&()% %"'& un d&)&'$+nad %u-u&%) d& !&(!. En D&'&(! d&# )'a"a*1 ($ &n )'a% 'a$a% d&# 'd&na$+&n)1 ("'a una &%-&(+a# '&#&6an(+a -u&% &% n)'+a #a -#u'a#+dad d& n'$a% (n(u''&n)&% &n #a '&/u#a(+9n d& un $+%$ %u-u&%) d& !&(!. E%)& ,&n9$&n d& #a -#u'a#+dad d& n'$a% %& d&"& una (-+%a -'du((+9n n'$a)+6a d&'+6ada d& #a% d+6&'%a% ,u&n)&% au)9n$a% 2 !&)&'9n$a% &%-&(+a#$&n)& d& (n6&n+% (#&()+6%1 (+n(+d+&nd &n #a '&/u#a(+9n d& una $+%$a $a)&'+a. La -#u'a#+dad d& n'$a% (n(u''&n)&% %& d&"& )a$"+8n &n -a')& a# (a'5()&' (2un)u'a# 2 (a$"+an)& d&# D&'&(! d&# )'a"a*. ' ;#)+$1 (a"& d&%)a(a' u& &n #% -'+n(+-+% d& a-#+(a(+9n1 &%-&(+a#$&n)& &n #% -'+n(+-+% &%-&(7,+(% d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&%1 %& -&'(+"& $5% +n)&n%a$&n)& #a ,+na#+dad )u+)+6a -'-+a d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a*. S+ "+&n &% (+&') !&$% ('&7d (n6&n+&n)& %&3a#a' #% -'+n(+-+% u& '+/&n a #a a-#+(a(+9n &n /&n&'a# d&# d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* &4+%)&n a#/un% -'+n(+-+% $5% d&n)' d& #a d()'+na u& n% 6an a a2uda' a )&n&' una n(+9n $5% (#a'a a(&'(a d& #a $an&'a d& a-#+(a' nu&%)'a #&2 #a"'a#1 ?8%)% %n:
'+n(+-+% ($un&% a )d &# 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+( d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a% n'$a%.
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'+n(+-+ d& *&'a'u7a n'$a)+6a: &n $a)&'+a #a"'a#1 %u +$-#+(a(+9n -'+n(+-a# 2 "6+a &% u& #a% n'$a% d& 'an/ %u-&'+' -'&6a#&(&n 2 %& a-#+(an -'&,&'&n)&$&n)& a #a% d& 'an/ +n,&'+'. ' )' #ad %&3a#a &%)& a')7(u# u& #% '&/#a$&n)% d&%a''##a'5n &# (n)&n+d d& #a #&21 %+n u& -u&dan 8%)% &%)a"#&(&' (nd+(+n&% d& )'a"a* d+%)+n)a% 2 $u(! $&n% (n)'a'+a% a #a% '&/u#ada% &n #a #&2.
'+n(+-+ d& -'+$a(7a: &%)& -'+n(+-+ 6+&n& a '&/u#a' #a% '&#a(+n&% &n)'& d% 'd&na$+&n)% ($ #a% &4+%)&n)&% &n)'& &# D&'&(! C$un+)a'+ 2 nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+(. En(u&n)'a %u '+/&n 2 *u%)+,+(a(+9n &n #a )'an%,&'&n(+a d& ($-&)&n(+a% &%)a)a#&%1 &% d&(+'1 d& #a (&%+9n d& (+&')a% -a'(&#a% d& #a %"&'an7a d& nu&%)' E%)ad &n ,a6' d& &n)&% %u-'ana(+na#&% ($ #a% C$un+dad&% d& d+%)+n)% #u/a'&% d&# $und.
D& # d+(! %& d&du(& #a +nd&'/a"+#+dad d& #a% n'$a% ($un+)a'+a% -' una n'$a +n)&'na una 6&= +n('-'ada% 8%)a% a nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n). ' )an) d&"&$% d& a(ud+' a #% $&(an+%$% +n)&'na(+na#&% -a'a #a $d+,+(a(+9n d&'/a(+9n d& &%)a% n'$a% a# D&'&(! +n)&'na(+na# /&n&'a# d& #% )'a)ad% Cn6&n+ d& V+&na >??.
'+n(+-+ d& $d&'n+dad: &%)& -'+n(+-+ +$-#+(a u& &n)'& d% n'$a% d& +/ua# 'an/ %& a-#+(a -'&,&'&n)&$&n)& #a $5% $d&'na1 u& d&'/a a #a an)&'+' &n )d # u& #& '&%u#)& +n($-a)+"#&. En D&'&(! d&# )'a"a* +$-#+(a #a d&'/a(+9n d& #a% (nd+(+n&% d& )'a"a* '&/u#ada% &n una n'$a an)&'+' -' )'a -%)&'+' a $&n%
u& &n 8%)a %& d+%-n/a )'a (%a. '+n(+-+ d& &%-&(+a#+dad: %u-n& u& &n)'& d% n'$a% d& +/ua# 'an/ u& '&/u#an una $+%$a %+)ua(+9n d& !&(! %& a-#+(a -'&,&'&n)&$&n)& au&##a u& )&n/a una '&#a(+9n $5% d+'&()a (n &# %u-u&%) d& !&(! d& u& %& )'a)&.
'+n(+-+ d& %u-#&)'+&dad: una n'$a $5% /&n&'a#1 (n una '&#a(+9n $&n% d+'&()a (n &# %u-u&%) d& !&(!1 %& a-#+(a'5 &n 6+')ud d& &%)& -'+n(+-+ (uand n &4+%)a una n'$a &%-&(7,+(a u& '&/u#& un %u-u&%) d& !&(! (n('&) d& una $a)&'+a.
En &%)a -a')& d&# )'a"a* 6a$% a &%)a"#&(&' #% #+n&a$+&n)% /&n&'a#&% d&# 5$"+) d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a n'$a #a"'a# )$and &n (u&n)a La #&2 O'/5n+(a d&# T'a"a*0 &n (uan)
a #a &%,&'a d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a% n'$a% *u'7d+(a% &n $a)&'+a d& )'a"a*1 6a#& (+)a' &# (n)&n+d d&# (a-7)u# V1 a')7(u#% ? 2 1 d& #a
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L&2 O'/5n+(a d& T'a"a* &n #% u& %&
%&3a#a &# (a$- d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a L&2. A')7(u# ?
APLICACIÓN TE!PORAL DE LA LEGISLACIÓN LABORAL R&('d&$% u& #% $8)d% d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a n'$a &n # u& %& '&,+&'& a #a a-#+(a(+9n )&$-'a#1 %n )'&%: + ++ +++
+.
A-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a d& #a n'$a1 A-#+(a(+9n '&)'a()+6a d& #a n'$a1 2 A-#+(a(+9n U#)'a()+6a d& #a n'$a:
A-#+(a(+9n In$&d+a)a:
La a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a d& #a n'$a &% au&##a u& %& !a(& a #% !&(!%1 '&#a(+n&% 2 %+)ua(+n&% u& (u''&n $+&n)'a% &%)a )+&n& 6+/&n(+a1 &%) &%1 &n)'& &# $$&n) &n u& a%u$& 6+/&n(+a #a n'$a 2 au&# &n u& &% d&'/ada $d+,+(ada. E%)a $da#+dad !a(& -'&6a#&(&' ($ -'+n(+-+ *u'7d+( /&n&'a# #a +''&)'a()+6+dad1 -' &# u& #a% n'$a% nu&6a% %9# '+/&n -a'a !&(!%1 '&#a(+n&% %+)ua(+n&% -'&%&n)&% ,u)u'a%. E# -',&%' H8()' V+##&/a% %&3a#a u& Ha2 +''&)'a()+6+dad (uand #a #&2 #a"'a# '+/& %9# '&%-&) a #% !&(!% (+'(un%)an(+a% a(a&(+d% a -a')+' d& %u &n)'ada &n 6+/'1 !a%)a &# 6&n(+$+&n) d&# -#a= d& 6+/&n(+a %u d&'/a(+9n
1D Le> +r5nica del 'ra(a"o
++.
A-#+(a(+9n R&)'a()+6a:
S&3a#a &# -',&%' H8()' V+##&/a% u& &n d&'&(! %& &n)+&nd& u& &4+%)& '&)'a()+6+dad d& una #&2 (uand %u a((+9n -d&' '&/u#ad' %& &4)+&nd& a !&(!% (+'(un%)an(+a% a(a&(+d% (n an)&'+'+dad a# +n+(+ d& %u &n)'ada &n 6+/' La a-#+(a(+9n '&)'a()+6a d& #a n'$a &% au&##a u& %& da a #% !&(!%1 '&#a(+n&% 2 %+)ua(+n&% u& )u6+&'an #u/a' an)&% d&# $$&n) &n u& &n)'a &n 6+/&n(+a1 &% d&(+'1 an)&% d& %u a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a. E%)a $da#+dad %& "a%a &n un -'+n(+-+ *u'7d+( &n (u2a 6+')ud #a% n'$a% %& -'2&()an !a(+a &# -a%ad (uand %&3a#an (nd+(+n&% $5% ,a6'a"#&% "&n+/na% -a'a &# %u*&). S& )'a)a d& una &4(&-(+9n1 2a u& #a nu&6a #&2 %& a-#+(a -a'a a)'5%. E%) %+/n+,+(a u& #a nu&6a #&2 %& a-#+(a a #% !&(!% 2a (u''+d%1 $5% &4a()a$&n)& %& $d+,+(an #a% (n%&(u&n(+a% 2a /&n&'ada% -' d+(!% !&(!%. En '&#a(+9n (n #% D&#+)% )'+"u)a'+% -'(&d& #a a-#+(a(+9n '&)'a()+6a d& #a #&21 %+&$-'& u& %&a $5% "&n+/na. a'a &# (a% d& #a% In,'a((+n&% 2 %an(+n&% ad$+n+%)'a)+6a% %& &n(u&n)'a &# %+/u+&n)& -'"#&$a1 u& &% d&)&'$+na' #% a#(an(&% d& #a $a)&'+a -&na# (n)&$-#ada &n &# a'). >K d& #a Cn%)+)u(+9n. En(n)'a$% una -'+$&'a -%+(+9n u& %%)+&n& #a +$-%+"+#+dad d& #a a-#+(a(+9n '&)'a()+6a d& #a #&2. E# -un) d& -a')+da d& #a a'/u$&n)a(+9n &% u& &# a')7(u# >K d& #a Cn%)+)u(+9n %& '&,+&'& %#a$&n)& a #% d&#+)% )'+"u)a'+%1 (uand !a(& '&,&'&n(+a a #a $a)&'+a -&na#. +++.
A-#+(a(+9n U#)'a()+6a:
11
S"'& &# (n(&-) d& u#)'a()+6+dad1 +nd+(a &# -',&%' H8()' V+##&/a% u& %& &n)+&nd&
u& !a2 u#)'a()+6+dad (uand #a a((+9n -d&' '&/u#ad' d& #a #&2 %& &4)+&nd& a #% !&(!% (+'(un%)an(+a% a(a&(+d% d&%-u8% d&# $$&n) d& %u d&'/a(+9n (&%& d& %u 6+/&n(+a La a-#+(a(+9n u#)'a()+6a d& #a n'$a &% au&##a u& %& &,&();a a #% !&(!%1 '&#a(+n&% 2 %+)ua(+n&% u& (u''&n #u&/ u& !a %+d d&'/ada $d+,+(ada d& $an&'a &4-'&%a )5(+)a1 &% d&(+'1 #u&/ u& !a )&'$+nad %u a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a. #an)&a #a a-#+(a(+9n d& un d+%-%+)+6 d&'/ad.
11 !onto>a !el5ar )lredo. %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. !adrid-EsBaFa. E%$'+*$)L 'ECN+,
E%) %+/n+,+(a u& %& -%-n& %u a-#+(a(+9n1 #a (ua# %+/u& %+&nd "#+/a)'+a d&%-u8% d& !a"&' %+d ,'$a#$&n)& d&'/ada. I/ua# u& #a '&)'a()+6+dad1 #a u#)'a()+6+dad )a$"+8n &% una &4(&-(+9n1 2a u&1 una #&2 u& a(a"a d& %&' d&'/ada1 2 n "%)an)& &##1 %+/u& -'du(+&nd &,&()% -a'a d&)&'$+nad% (a%%. E# ('+)&'+ /&n&'a# &n &%)a $a)&'+a &% #a +''&)'a()+6+dad d& #a% n'$a%. La% n'$a% '+/&n n'$a#$&n)& d&%d& %u -'$u#/a(+9n 2 -u"#+(a(+9n !a(+a ad&#an)& 2 n !a(+a a)'5% La )&'7a +$-&'an)& &n nu&%)' %+%)&$a *u'7d+( &n (u&%)+9n d& 6+/&n(+a d& #a% n'$a% &n &# )+&$-1 &% #a d& #% !&(!% (u$-#+d%1 n -' d+%-%+(+9n (n%)+)u(+na# u& n -)a a &%)& %+n d&# C9d+/ C+6+# a'). III T..: #a nu&6a n'$a )+&n& a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a0 '&/u#and a #% nu&6% !&(!% 2 %u% &,&()%1 -&' )a$"+8n a #% &,&()% n (u$-#+d% d& #% !&(!% an)&'+'&% >Ru"+ C''&a. E% (n(+#+a"#& #a ad-(+9n d& &%)a )&'7a (n &# '&%-&) a #% d&'&(!% adu+'+d%1 )'ad+(+na# &n nu&%)' D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* E%)& a%un) # a"'da'&$% a# )'a)a' &# -'+n(+-+ d& #a (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a. La '&)'a()+6+dad d& #a% n'$a% (n%+%)+'7a &n #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a nu&6a n'$a a !&(!% an)&'+'&% 2 a #% &,&()% 2a (u$-#+d% d& #% $+%$%. Au&##a &% ad$+)+da &n nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n) &n $a)&'+a #a"'a#1 %+ #a nu&6a n'$a &% $5% ,a6'a"#& a# )'a"a*ad'. C'&&$% u& #a '&)'a()+6+dad1 -' %&' una &4(&-(+9n a #a '&/#a1 d&"&'7a %&' d&(#a'ada &n ,'$a &4-'&%a. E%)a d&(#a'a(+9n -d'7a %&' !&(!a a )'a68% d&: a una n'$a &%)'u()u'a#1 &n 6+')ud d& #a (ua# )da% #a% n'$a% d& un d&)&'$+nad )+- u& %& -'du*&'an %&'7an au)$5)+(a$&n)& '&)'a()+6a%0 " una n'$a %u%)an)+6a1 u& -a'a %7 $+%$a d+%-u%+&'a %u '&)'a()+6+dad. La -'+$&'a $da#+dad &%)5 -'&6+%)a &n nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n) #a"'a# -a'a #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6% 2 &n )'a% 5'&a% *u'7d+(a%: &n &# D&'&(! &na# 2 &n &# D&'&(! #a"'a# &% # '&,&'+d a #a% %an(+n&%1 2 #a %&/unda #a u)+#+=an #a% n'$a% &%)a)a#&%. En &# (a% d& #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%1 &##% n'$a#$&n)& '+/&n n d&%d& #a ,&(!a d& #a (&#&"'a(+9n d&# a(u&'d &n)'& #a% -a')&% d& #a d&(+%+9n %u%)+)u)'+a &$anada d& un )&'(&' d+'+$&n)&1 %+n d&%d& #a -'&%&n)a(+9n d&# '&%-&()+6 -#+&/ d& '&(#a$% a'). @ D.S. >TR1 ($-'&nd+&nd a #% )'a"a*ad'&% (&%ad% du'an)& &# )'5$+)& d& #a n&/(+a(+9n (#&()+6a.
12 *u(io Correa# !arcial. El ,istema Jurídico. $ntroducción al %erec&o. LimaPerú. Ponticia niversidad Católica del Perú. 0+N%+ E%$'+*$)L 194.
La 6+/&n(+a d& #a n'$a #a"'a# &n &# )+&$- -#an)&a #% %+/u+&n)&% -'"#&$a%: En (uan) a %u &n)'ada &n 6+/'1 (n,'$& a #a% '&/#a% ($un&%1 a(n)&(& a #% 6&+n)& d7a% d& %u -'$u#/a(+9n %a#6 d+%-%+(+9n &n (n)'a'+. La n'$a #a"'a# d&*a'5 d& &%)a' &n 6+/'1 "+&n -' #a ##&/ada d&# )8'$+n -'&6+%) &n #a -'-+a n'$a1 "+&n -' #a d&'/a(+9n &4-'&%a )5(+)a -' )'a n'$a -%)&'+'. R&%-&() d& #a '&)'a()+6+dad1 &n &# D&'&(! #a"'a# +$-&'a &n -'+n(+-+ /&n&'a# '&%-&() d& #a% n'$a% %an(+nad'a% d&%,a6'a"#&%1 (n (a'5()&' a"%#u) & +nd+%-n+"#&. N "%)an)& &n #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6% &% "a%)an)& ,'&(u&n)& &# u% d& #a )8(n+(a d& #a '&)'a()+6+dad a# $$&n) d& #a +n+(+a(+9n d& #a% n&/(+a(+n&% a# +n+(+ d&# a3. D& (ua#u+&' $d &n #a $a2'7a d& #% (a%% %& )'a)a d& '&)'a()+6+dad d& /'ad $7n+$ %&/;n #a (ua#1 #a #&2 an)&'+' %& a-#+(a %9# a #% &,&()% d& #a %+)ua(+9n an)&'+' u& na=(an 2 %& &*&(u)&n d&%-u8% d& &%)a' &n 6+/' #a #&2 nu&6a1 %+ "+&n %u &4)'&$ada a)&nua(+9n *u%)+,+(a u& %& #a d&n$+n& ($ a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a d& #a #&2.
APLICACIÓN TERRITORIAL DE LA LEGISLACIÓN LABORAL La '&%-u&%)a d& nu&%)' d&'&(! d&# )'a"a* 6+/&n)& -u&d& %+n)&)+=a'%& d+(+&nd u& &% &$+n&n)&$&n)& )&''+)'+a#+%)a1 2 u& #a% (a%+na#&% '&,&'&n(+a% a %#u(+n&% &4)'a)&''+)'+a#&% n )+&n&n 6&'dad&'a )'a%(&nd&n(+a -'5()+(a1 &# '+/u'% -'+n(+-+ d& )&''+)'+a#+dad %&3a#a u& &n n+n/;n (a% )&nd'5 a-#+(a(+9n #a #&2 &4)'an*&'a (uand '&%u#)& (n)'a'+a a# 'd&n -;"#+(1 +n(+d& %"'& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% +$-&'a)+6a%. >KE# (a'5()&' d& 'd&n -;"#+( u& %)&n)a #a n'$a)+6a %"'& (a-a(+dad -a'a (n)'a)a' ($ )'a"a*ad' !a(& u& %& a-#+u& &# -'+n(+-+ +n6&'%1 &%) &%1 &# d& )&''+)'+a#+dad1 &n)n(&% -d&$% d&(+' u& 'a=n&% d& 'd&n -;"#+( 2 d& %&/u'+dad d&# )'5,+( *u'7d+( ,unda$&n)an #a a-#+(a"+#+dad d& #a #&2 #a"'a# d&# #u/a' dnd& %& '&a#+(& &# )'a"a*. Una d& #a% &4(&-(+n&% d& -d'7a $&n(+na' &n &# (a% d& )'a"a*ad'&% -&'uan% u& )'a"a*an -a'a una &$-'&%a )a$"+8n -&'uana -&' 'ad+(ada &n &# &4)'an*&'. En $a)&'+a d& ,'$a% 2 %#&$n+dad&% (n)'a()ua#&%1 aunu& &n un -'+n(+-+ %&a d& a-#+(a(+9n #a #&2 d&# -a7% &n u& &# (n)'a) %& )'/u&1 '&%-&() d& #% (n)'a)% d& )'a"a* %& d&"&n "%&'6a' d% '&/#a% u& !a(&n +n(#+na'%& -' una +n)&'-'&)a(+9n )&''+)'+a#+%)a1 -' un #ad &n &,&()1 d&"&n "%&'6a'%& #a% ,'$a% &4+/+da% -' #a #&2
13 ;arcía !anuel )lonso. %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. E%$'+*$)L %E P)L!), 199D
a-#+(a"#& a# (n)&n+d d&# (n)'a) u& &n &# (a% d&# )'a"a* &% ($ %u-u&%) $5% /&n&'a#+=ad1 #a d&# #u/a' d& %u &*&(u(+9n. E# -'+n(+-+ d& )&''+)'+a#+dad d&'+6ad d& #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# 'd&n -;"#+( #a"'a# +n)&'n1 '+/& &n (uan) a '8/+$&n %+nd+(a#1 (n6&n+% 2 (n,#+()% (#&()+6%. La '&%-u&%)a d& nu&%)' d&'&(! 6+/&n)& -u&d& %+n)&)+=a'%& d+(+&nd u& &% &$+n&n)&$&n)& )&''+)'+a#+%)a1 2 u& #a% (a%+na#&% '&,&'&n(+a% a %#u(+n&% &4)'a)&''+)'+a#&% n )+&n&n 6&'dad&'a )'an%(&nd&n(+a -'5()+(a. 14
E# '+/u'% -'+n(+-+ d& )&''+)'+a#+dad "#+/a a )d% #% u& %& !a##&n &n )&''+)'+
na(+na#1 &n n+n/;n (a% )&nd'5 #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a #&2 &4)'an*&'a (uand '&%u#)& (n)'a'+a a# 'd&n -;"#+( +n(+d& %"'& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% +$-&'a)+6a%. &%& a #a -'&%('+-(+9n d& u& #a #&2 -&'%na# '&/+'5 #a (a-a(+dad1 &# (a'5()&' d& 'd&n -;"#+( u& %)&n)a #a n'$a)+6a %"'& (a-a(+dad -a'a (n)'a)a' ($ )'a"a*ad' !a(& u& %& a-#+u& &# -'+n(+-+ +n6&'%1 &%) &%1 &# d& )&''+)'+a#+dad. Ra=n&% d&# 'd&n -;"#+( 2 %&/u'+dad d& )'5,+( *u'7d+( ,unda$&n)a #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a #&2 d&# #u/a' dnd& %& '&a#+(& &# )'a"a*. En (uan) a #a% "#+/a(+n&% na(+da% d& un (n)'a) #a"'a# &%-&(7,+(a$&n)& d+()ad -a'a '&/u#a' &# %u-u&%)1 '&(n(& a #% (n)'a)an)&% #a -%+"+#+dad1 &n &*&'(+(+ d& #a au)n$7a d& #a 6#un)ad1 d& %$&)+$+&n) &4-'&% d& #a #&2 +n(#u+da na)u'a#$&n)& #a &4)'an*&'a1 %+&$-'& u& )&n/a (n&4+9n (n &# n&/(+ 2 %# &n d&,&() d& )a# %$&)+$+&n) '&$+)& a #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a #&4 #(+ &4&(u)+n+%. Ta$-( &n &%)& (a% d&"& a(&-)a'%& #a -'+$&'a +$-'&%+9n u& -'du(& &# -'&(&-)1 2 d& #a u& %& d&'+6a #a ('&&n(+a d& u& &# -'+n(+-+ d& )&''+)'+a#+dad !a %+d -%)&'/ad. ' &# (n)'a'+ &# *u&/ d&# un+d a# "#+/ad '&%-&) a# 'd&n -;"#+( +n)&'n 2 a # d+%-u&%) d&)&'$+na u& &# %$&)+$+&n) d& #% (n)'a)an)&% a una n'$a &4)'an*&'a %& 6&a #+$+)ad -' &# '&%-&) #a n'$a +$-&'a)+6a a-#+(a"#& &n &# #u/a' d&# )'a"a*1 (uand &%)a %&a $5% ,a6'a"#&. C$ &4(&-(+9n a #a '&/#a )&''+)'+a#+%)a %& d&(#a'a #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a #&2 -&'uana &n &# (a% d& )'a"a*ad'&% -&'uan% a# %&'6+(+ d& &$-'&%a )a$"+8n -&'uana% 'ad+(ada% &n &# &4)'an*&'. D+(! )'a"a*ad'&%1 ($ $7n+$1 %& &u+-a'an a &,&()% &(n9$+(% a #% &$-#&ad% &n )&''+)'+ -&'uan1 &n ,+n1 una %a#6&dad: #a d& u& &n &# #u/a' d& )'a"a* %n
14 Pla *odrí5ue# )mérico. Los PrinciBios del %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. ?uenos )ires)r5entina. E%$C$+NE, %EP)L!). 19
a-#+(a"#&% #a% n'$a% d&# 'd&n -;"#+( 6+/&n)& &n &# -a7% &4)'an*&'0 )a#&% n'$a% (n%)+)u2&n &# %u&# $7n+$ %"'& &# u& %& a#=an1 &n %u (a%1 #a% n'$a% &%-a3#a% &n (uan) $&*'&n %u-&'&n &# $+%$. >La '&/#a (n(u&'da (n &# (n6&n+ d& R$a -' u& #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a #&2 %& *u%)+,+(a -' %&' #a #&2 d&# &%)a"#&(+$+&n) (n)'a)an)& 2 #&2 d&# -a7% (n &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* )+&n& 67n(u#% $5% &%)'&(!%. La #&4 #(+ &4&(u)+n+% '&%u#)a a %+ $+%$ a-#+(a"#& a #a% $da#+dad&% d& #a &*&(u(+9n d& #a% "#+/a(+n&% u& '&u+&'an +n)&'6&n(+9n *ud+(+a# ad$+n+%)'a)+6a1 (uand &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* %& &*&(u)a &n 6a'+% -a7%&%1 &% ($-&)&n)& &# *u&= d&# #u/a' dnd& &# )'a"a*ad' (u$-#& -'+n(+-a#$&n)& %u "#+/a(+9n. En $a)&'+a d& ,'$a 2 %#&$n+dad&% (n)'a()ua#&%1 aunu& &n -'+n(+-+ %&a d& a-#+(a(+9n #a #&2 d&# -a7% &n u& &# (n)'a) %& )'/u&1 '&%-&() d& #% (n)'a)% d& )'a"a* %n d& "%&'6a' d% '&/#a% d&# -'-+ a')+(u# >> CC u& !a(&n +n(#+na'%& -' una +n)&'-'&)a(+9n )&''+)'+a#+%)a #&4 #(+ &4&(u)+n&% #a"'+%0 d& un #ad1 &n &,&()1 d&"&n "%&'6a'%& #a% ,'$a% &4+/+da% -' #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& a# (n)&n+d d&# (n)'a) u& &n &# (a% d&# )'a"a* &%1 ($ %u-u&%) $5% /&n&'a#+=ad1 #a d&# #u/a' d& %u &*&(u(+9n0 d& )' #ad1 &# u& d+%-n& (uand1 %&/;n %& a(a"a d& d&(+'1 #a #&2 '&/u#ad'a d&# (n)&n+d d&# (n)'a) &4+*a una d&)&'$+nada ,'$a1 %&'5 %+&$-'& a-#+(ada1 +n(#u% &n &# (a% d& )'/a'%& &# (n)'a)P. En &# &4)'an*&'. La #&2 d&# #u/a' d& &*&(u(+9n %& %"'&-n&' a%7 a# d& )'/a$+&n) a &,&()% d& d&)&'$+na' #a% ,'$a% &4+/+"#&% a# (n)'a) d& )'a"a*. E# -'+n(+-+ d& )&''+)'+a#+dad1 d&'+6ad d& #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# 'd&n -;"#+( #a"'a# +n)&'n1 '+/& &n (uan) a# '8/+$&n %+nd+(a#1 (n6&n+% 2 (n,#+()% (#&()+6%1 &)(.1 a%7 ($ &n $a)&'+a -'(&%a# 2 d& %&/u'+dad %(+a#.
APLICACIÓN DE LA LEY LABORAL EN EL TIE!PO Y EL ESPACIO APLICACIÓN EN EL TIE!PO E# ('+)&'+ /&n&'a# &n &%)a $a)&'+a &% #a +''&)'a()+6+dad d& #a% n'$a%. La% n'$a% '+/&n n'$a#$&n)& d&%d& %u -'$u#/a(+9n 2 -u"#+(a(+9n !a(+a ad&#an)& 2 n !a(+a a)'5%: a #a #&2 2 &# d&('&) #&/+%#a)+61 d&%d& &# d&(+$%&4) d7a u#)&'+' a %u -u"#+(a(+9n1 %a#6 d+%-%+(+9n (n)'a'+a0 2
17 Grotosc&in Eduardo. 'endencias )ctuales del %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. ?uenos )ires-)r5entina. E%$'+*$)L EJE).1979
" &# '&/#a$&n)1 d&%d& &# d7a u& 8# $+%$ +nd+u& 1 d& n !a(&'#1 d&%d& &# d7a %+/u+&n)& a %u -u"#+(a(+9n. En &# (a% d&# (n6&n+ (#&()+61 ($ 6&'&$% d&%-u8%1 #a a-#+(a(+9n '&)'a()+6a !a %+d /&n&'a#+=ada. 1=
La )&'7a +$-&'an)& &n nu&%)' %+%)&$a *u'7d+( &n (u&%)+9n d& 6+/&n(+a d& #a% n'$a%
&n &# )+&$-1 &% #a d& #% !&(!% (u$-#+d%1 n -' d+%-%+(+9n (n%)+)u(+na# u& n -)a a &%)& '&%-&() %+n d&# d& #a nu&6a n'$a )+&n& a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a0 '&/u#and a #% nu&6% !&(!% 2 %u% &,&()%1 -&' )a$"+8n a #% &,&()% n (u$-#+d% d& #% !&(!% an)&'+'&%. La '&)'a()+6+dad d& #a% n'$a% (n%+%)+'7a &n #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a nu&6a n'$a a !&(!% an)&'+'&% 2 a #% &,&()% 2a (u$-#+d% d& #% $+%$% %&/;n Ru"+ C''&a. Au&##a &% ad$+)+da &n nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n) &n $a)&'+a #a"'a# 2 -&na# 2 )'+"u)a'+a1 %+ #a nu&6a n'$a &% $5% ,a6'a"#& a# )'a"a*ad'. C'&&$% u& #a '&)'a()+6+dad1 -' %&' una &4(&-(+9n a #a '&/#a1 d&"&'7a %&' d&(#a'ada &n ,'$a &4-'&%a. >E%)a d&(#a'a(+9n -d'7a %&' !&(!a a )'a68% d&: a una n'$a &%)'u()u'a#1 &n 6+')ud d& #a (ua# )da% #a% n'$a% d& un d&)&'$+nad )+- u& %& -'du*&'an %&'7an au)$5)+(a$&n)& '&)'a()+6a%0 " una n'$a %u%)an)+6a1 u& -a'a %7 $+%$a d+%-u%+&'a %u '&)'a()+6+dad. La -'+$&'a $da#+dad &%)5 -'&6+%)a &n nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n) #a"'a# -a'a #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6% 2 &n )'a% 5'&a% *u'7d+(a%: &n &# D&'&(! &na# 2 &n &# D&'&(! T'+"u)a'+ &% # '&,&'+d a #a% %an(+n&%1 2 #a %&/unda #a u)+#+=an #a% n'$a% &%)a)a#&%. En &# (a% d& #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%1 &##% n'$a#$&n)& '+/&n n d&%d& #a ,&(!a d& #a (&#&"'a(+9n d&# a(u&'d &n)'& #a% -a')&% d& #a d&(+%+9n %u%)+)u)'+a &$anada d& un )&'(&' d+'+$&n)&1 %+n d&%d& #a -'&%&n)a(+9n d&# '&%-&()+6 -#+&/ d& '&(#a$%1 ($-'&nd+&nd a #% )'a"a*ad'&% (&%ad% du'an)& &# )'5$+)& d& #a n&/(+a(+9n (#&()+6a. La n'$a #a"'a# &n &# )+&$- 2 #a% )an +$-')an)&% (u&%)+n&% d& '&)'a()+6+dad 2 #a 6+/&n(+a d& #a n'$a #a"'a# &n &# )+&$- -#an)&a #% %+/u+&n)&% -'"#&$a% /&n&'a#&%:
1= ;óme 8aldé# 0rancisco. *elaciones $ndividuales del 'ra(a"o. E%$'+*$)L ,)N !)*C+,. Lima-Perú. 199= 1 *odrí5ue PiFero# !i5uel. El BrinciBio de $5ualdad > las *elaciones La(orales. !adrid-EsBaFa. $nstituto de Estudios Políticos 199.
a En (uan) a %u &n)'ada &n 6+/'1 !a d& &%)a'%& a #a% '&/#a% ($un&% %"'& #a $a)&'+a1 d& )a# $an&'a u& (a"& !a"#a' )an) d& una &n)'ada &n 6+/' +n$&d+a)a ($ d+,&'+da. En nu&%)' %+%)&$a *u'7d+(1 #a% n'$a% &n)'an &n 6+/'1 a #% > d7a% d& %u -'$u#/a(+9n1 %a#6 d+%-%+(+9n &n (n)'a'+0 d+%-%+(+n&% d& &%)& )+- %n ,'&(u&n)&% &n $a)&'+a #a"'a#1 dnd& %n u%ua#&% n %#a$&n)& #a% n'$a% d& a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a1 %+n #a% n'$a% d& &,+(a(+a '&)'a()+6a )a# ($ (u''& d& $d (a'a()&'7%)+( (n nu$&'%% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%1 (u2% &,&()% &(n9$+(% %& '&)')'a&n a #a +n+(+a(+9n d& #a% n&/(+a(+n&% a# d7a -'+$&' d&# a3 " En (uan) a #a ,+na#+=a(+9n d& %u 6+/&n(+a1 )a$"+8n %& a-#+(an a #a% n'$a% #a"'a# #% -'+n(+-+% d&# (9d+/ (+6+# 65#+d% -a'a )d 'd&na$+&n)0 a %a"&': #a n'$a d&*a d& &%)a' &n 6+/' -' #a ##&/ada d&# )&'$+n -'&6+%) &n #a -'-+a d+%-%+(+9n (a% )7-+(: #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%1 "+&n -' d&'/a(+9n1 &4-'&%a )5(+)a1 -' )'a n'$a -%)&'+'. ( E%-&(+a# +n)&'8% -'&%&n)a &# -'"#&$a d& #a '&)'a()+6+dad d& #a n'$a #a"'a#1 -'"#&$a d& (u2a %#u(+9n d&-&nd& &# !&(! d& u& una n'$a nu&6a a#(an(& (n %u% &,&()% a %+)ua(+n&% ('&ada% "a* &# +$-&'+ d& #a n'$a)+6a an)&'+'$&n)& 6+/&n)&1 d&'/ada -' #a nu&6a n'$a. Tan) #a %#u(+9n &n ,a6' d& #a '&)'a()+6+dad ($ %u (n)'a'+a -u&d&n adu(+' a'/u$&n)% 'a=na"#&%: #a +''&)'a()+6+dad d& #a #&2 %& $u&%)'a &%-&(+a#$&n)& '&%-&)u%a d&# -'+n(+-+ d& %&/u'+dad *u'7d+(a1 u& a(n%&*a #a )u)&#a d& #% d&'&(!% adu+'+d%1 u& %& %+);an &n una -%+(+9n d& +n)an/+"+#+dad ,'&n)& a #a #&2 nu&6a0 #a '&)'a()+6+dad1 -' &# (n)a'+1 ,a6'&(& #a +/ua#dad *u'7d+(a1 -%)u#and #a a-#+(a(+9n /&n&'a# & +nd+,&'&n)& d& #a nu&6a #&2 )an) a #a% %+)ua(+n&% -'du(+da% d&%-u8% d& %u &n)'ada &n 6+/' ($ a #a% a(a&(+da d& #a% an)&'+'+dad. >D()'+na au)'+=ada 2 ad$+)+da /&n&'a#$&n)&1 6+&n& d+%)+n/u+8nd%& )'&% d+6&'%% /'ad% &n (uan) a #a '&)'a()+6+dad d& #a% #&2&%:
R&)'a()+6+dad d& /'ad $54+$1 %&/;n #a (ua# #a #&2 nu&6a %& a-#+(a a #a% %+)ua(+9n an)&'+' 2 a )d% %u% &,&()%1 +n(#u% #% na(+d 2 &*&(u)ad% (n an)&'+'+dad a #a &n)'ada d& 6+/' d& #a nu&6a n'$a. Ta# '&)'a()+6+dad a"%#u)a )+&n& #u/a' $&d+an)& #a anu#a(+9n d& #% &,&()% an)&'+'.
1 Caldera# *aael. %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. ?uenos )ires-)r5entina. E%$'+*$)L EL )'ENE+ 19=D.
R&)'a()+6+dad d& /'ad $&d+1 a (u2 )&n&' #a nu&6a #&2 %& a-#+(a a #a %+)ua(+9n an)&'+'1 '&/u#and #% &,&()% na(+d% du'an)& #a 6+/&n(+a d& #a #&2 an)+/ua 2a d&'/ada1 -&' %# (uand !a2an d& &*&(u)a'%& d&%-u8% d& &%)a' 6+/&n)& #a nu&6a #&2. R&)'a()+6+dad d& /'ad $7n+$1 %&/;n #a (ua# #a #&2 nu&6a %& a-#+(a %# a #% &,&()% d& #a %+)ua(+9n an)&'+' u& na=(an 2 %& &*&(u)&n d&%-u8% d& &%)a' 6+/&n)& #a +nd+(a #&2 nu&6a. E# -'+n(+-+ /&n&'a# ,a6'a"#& a #a +''&)'a()+6+dad d& #a% n'$a% %& (n%a/'a (n 6a#+d&= -a'a )d &# 'd&na$+&n)1 #a% #&2&% n )&nd'5n &,&() '&)'a()+6 %+ n %& d+%-u%+&'an # (n)'a'+. Y1 &n )d (a%1 %n &4-'&%a$&n)& +''&)'a()+6a% #a% d+%-%+(+n&% %an(+nad'a% 2 #a% n ,a6'a"#&% '&%)'+()+6a d& d&'&(!% +nd+6+dua#&%. La% n'$a% /&n&'a#&% d&# d&'&(! d& )'a"a* a(/&n1 (n unan+$+dad1 &# -'+n(+-+ d& +''&)'a()+6+dad1 a# n %&' (n%+/na(+9n a#/una '&,&'&n)& a %u -%+"#& '&)'a((+9n0 2 n %# n #a #&/+%#an !a(+a &# -a%ad )7-+( &,&() d& #a n'$a '&)'a()+6a1 %+n u& +n(#u% -u&dan -&'$+)+' u& %+/an &n 6+/'1 ($ /a'an)7a ad -&'%na$1 (nd+(+n&% an)&'+'&% $5% "&n&,+(+%a% -a'a #% )'a"a*ad'&%. En #% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%1 ($ 2a %& !a +nd+(ad1 &% $5% ,'&(u&n)& &# u% d& #a )8(n+(a d& '&)'a()+6+dad 0 &# (a% d& (n6&n+% (u2% &,&()% %& '&)')'a&n a #a +n+(+a(+9n d& #a% n&/(+a(+n&% a #a d&# a3 u& %& !a##& &n (u'% &% !a"+)ua#. Cn )d1 &% #a ##a$ada '&)'a()+6+dad d& /'ad $7n+$ #a u& $a2' a-#+(a(+9n )+&n& &n d&'&(! d& )'a"a*1 %+ "+&n %u &4)'&$ada a)&nua(+9n *u%)+,+(a #a a,+'$a(+9n d& u& %& &%)5 $5% "+&n an)& un %+$-#& %u-u&%) d& a-#+(a(+9n +n$&d+a)a d& #a #&2. d La -%+(+9n d& #a n'$a &n &# )+&$- -#an)&a ,+na#$&n)& -'"#&$a% d& d&'&(! )'an%+)'+0 -'"#&$a% '&#a)+6% a #a% n'$a% d& )'an%+(+9n &n)'& una d&)&'$+nada '&/u#a(+9n *u'7d+(a 2 #a u& #& %u(&d&. Ta# %u(&%+9n d& n'$a% -d'7a -'du(+'%& d& un $d 'ad+(a# & +n%)an)5n&1 -&' )an "'u%(a %u%)+)u(+9n da3a'7a %+n duda a #a %&/u'+dad *u'7d+(a. D& au7 u& &# #&/+%#ad' -'&,+&'a &%)a"#&(&' una )&'(&'a n'$a)+6a1 &n)'& #a 6+&*a 2 #a nu&6a1 $&d+an)& #a (ua# %ua6+(& &# -a% d& una '&/u#a(+9n a )'a 2 %& -'du=(an &# (a$"+ d& #&/+%#a(+n&% (n #% $&n'&% da3% -%+"#&% -a'a u+&n&% 6+&n& '+/+8nd%& -' #a% n'$a% "*&) d& d&'/a(+9n. La +$-')an(+a d&# d&'&(! )'an%+)'+ &% &%-&(+a#$&n)& '&#&6an)& &n $a)&'+a d& %&/u'+dad %(+a#1 dnd& #a -'&(u-a(+9n d& n (n(u#(a' d&'&(!% adu+'+d% %& -#a%$a &n #a ,+*a(+9n d& $+nu(+%a% 2 ($-#&*a% '&/#a% )'an%+)'+a%.
APLICACIÓN EN EL ESPACIO 19
Una '&#a(+9n *u'7d+(a -u&d& &%)a' %u*&)a a #a #&2 d&# #u/a' dnd& %& -a()a1 a #a #&2 d&#
#u/a' dnd& %& &*&(u)a1 a #a #&2 d&# -a"&##9n1 a #a #&2 dnd& &# (n,#+() %& *u=/a. ' '&/#a /&n&'a# #a% '&#a(+n&% d& )'a"a*1 "&d&(&n a #a #&2 d&# -a7% d& &*&(u(+9n0 &# ('+)&'+ &%1 &n &%)& (a%1 &# d& #a )&''+)'+a#+dad. S+ #a '&#a(+9n d& )'a"a* %& &%)a"#&(& &n)'& -&'uan% &n)'& un -&'uan 2 un &4)'an*&' &n)'& d% &4)'an*&'% d$+(+#+ad% &n &';1 -a'a (u$-#+'%& &n nu&%)' -a7%1 #a #&/+%#a(+9n '&()'a &% #a na(+na# -' &# (a'5()&' +$-&'a)+6 d& 8%)a. D& )' $d1 %u% d+%-%+(+n&% -d'7an %&' d&%(n(+da%1 +$-n+&nd #a %u*&(+9n a #a% #&/+%#a(+n&% ,'5n&a% $&n% ,a6'a"#&% a #% )'a"a*ad'&%1 # u& %&'7a ,5(+#1 &n &%-&(+a# -a'a #a% &$-'&%a% )'an%na(+na#&%. Au7 u&'&$% $&n(+na' # u& %u(&d& &n M84+( u& -a'a a-#+(a' #a n'$a #a"'a# &n &# &%-a(+ )+&n& ($ '&/#a /&n&'a# &# #u/a' d& -'&%)a(+9n d&# )'a"a* #a n'$a)+6a #a"'a# &%)a)a# (n6&n(+na# %& a-#+(a a -'&%)a(+n&% '&a#+=ada% &n &# E%)ad (''&%-nd+&n)&0 2 (n '&%-&() a #a -'u&"a d&# d&'&(! &4)'an*&': n *u&/a +u'+% n6+) (u'+a0 (a'/a d& u+&n # a#&/a: 6+/&n(+a 2 (n)&n+d. Fa#)a d& -'u&"a: a-#+(a(+9n %u"%+d+a'+a d&# d&'&(! na(+na#. 2D
E%)a'&$% an)& un (a% d& D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* In)&'na(+na# $a)&'+a d& (n&4+9n &n)'&
&# D&'&(! In)&'na(+na# '+6ad 2 &# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 (uand una '&#a(+9n d& )'a"a* )u6+&'& &#&$&n)% +n)&'na(+na#&% )'a%na(+na#&%. U"+(5ndn% &n nu&%)' -a7%1 &# ,&n9$&n d&%('+) (u''+'7a %+ un (n)'a) d& )'a"a* %& (&#&"'a'a 2 &*&(u)a'a ))a# -a'(+a#$&n)& d&n)' 2 ,u&'a d&# &';. La %+)ua(+9n %& -'&%&n)a'5 (n ,'&(u&n(+a &n #a% &$-'&%a% /'u-% d& &$-'&%a% )'an%na(+na#&% &n #a% u& !u"+&'& d&%-#a=a$+&n) d& )'a"a*ad'&% d& un E%)ad a )'. E# -'+$&' a%un) u& d&"&$% (n%+d&'a' &% &# (n(&-) d&# )&''+)'+1 2a u& 8%)& %&'5 #a (#a6& -a'a d&)&'$+na' )an) #a ($-&)&n(+a *u'+%d+((+na# ($ #a #&/+%#a(+9n a-#+(a"#&. S&/;n #% a')7(u#% ??? Cn%).1 au&# ($-'&nd& &# %u %u"%u d$+n+ $a'7)+$ 2 &%-a(+ a8'&1 8%)% ;#)+$% !a%)a: $+##a% $a'+na% d&%d& #a% (%)a%. E%)& )&''+)'+1 -' un #ad1 &n 6+')ud d& )'a)ad% +n)&'na(+na#&%1 +n(#u2& a #a% %&d&% d+-#$5)+(a%
19 Ca(anellas ;uillermo. ComBendio de %erec&o La(oral. ?uenos )ires)r5entina. E%$'+*$)L +!E?) 19=. 2D 'ovar ;il# !aria del Carmen > Javier. %erec&o $nternacional Privado. LimaPerú. 0undación ?ustamante de la 0uente 19.
-&'uana% &n -a7%&% &4)'an*&'%1 a%7 ($ #a% na6&% d& "and&'a -&'uana u& na6&/u&n &n =na% $a'7)+$a% a8'&a% +n)&'na(+na#&%1 2 -' &# )' #ad &4(#u2& a #a% %&d&% d+-#$5)+(a% d& -a7%&% &4)'an*&'% 2 d& '/an+%$% +n)&'na(+na#&% &n nu&%)' -a7%. E# &%-a(+ (u-ad &n &# &'; -' &$-'&%a% &4)'an*&'a% &% )&''+)'+ -&'uan1 &%)and &%)a% &4-'&%a$&n)& %$&)+da% a #a% #&2&% 2 )'+"una#&% d& nu&%)' -a7% a'). >K Cn%).. Na(+na#&% 2 &4)'an*&'% '&%+d&n)&% &%)5n %u*&)% a# 'd&na$+&n) -&'uan0 8%)% ;#)+$% )+&n&n #+$+)a(+n&% &n n;$&' 2 '&$un&'a(+n&% &n &# d&%&$-&3 d& una a()+6+dad #a"'a# a'). @ Cn%). 2 D.L. @. Cn%)a)ada #a &4+%)&n(+a d& una (u&%)+9n d& D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* In)&'na(+na#1 d&"&'5 %&/u+'%& una %&'+& d& -a%% %u(&%+6% -a'a '&%#6&'#a: #% $5% +$-')an)&% d& &##% %&'5n #a d&)&'$+na(+9n d&# *u&= ($-&)&n)& 2 d& #a #&2 a-#+(a"#&. A$"% ,a()'&% d&"&'5n -'&(+%a'%& a)&nd+&nd a # d+%-u&%) -' #% )'a)ad% +n)&'na(+na#&% 21 a ,a#)a d& &##%1 -' nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n). En #% -un)% %+/u+&n)&% n% '&,&'+'&$% a &%)& ;#)+$. 21
R&%-&() d& #a ($-&)&n(+a *u'+%d+((+na#1 (a"& %&3a#a' d% )&$a%. En -'+$&' #u/a'1
nu&%)' d&' Jud+(+a# )&nd'5 &n &%)'+() %&n)+d *u'+%d+((+9n $5% u& ($-&)&n(+a %9# %"'& a%un)% %u(&d+d% &n nu&%)' )&''+)'+ a'). K +n(. > Cn%).. En %&/und #u/a'1 nu&%)' D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* (a'&(& d& '&/#a% -'-+a% %"'& &%)a $a)&'+a1 'a=9n -' #a (ua# %& a-#+(an %u-#&)'+a$&n)& #a% (n)&$-#ada% &n &# C9d+/ C+6+# a'). I T... En 6+')ud d& 8%)a%1 #% )'+"una#&% -&'uan% %&'5n ($-&)&n)&%: a S+ &# &$-#&ad' d&$andad d$+(+#+a'& &n &# )&''+)'+ na(+na# a'). 1 21 " -' &4(&-(+9n1 aun (uand d$+(+#+a'a &n -a7% &4)'an*&'1 %+ #a '&#a(+9n #a"'a# d&"+&'a &*&(u)a'%& &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* %& !u"+&'a (&#&"'ad &n &# )&''+)'+ na(+na#1 #a% -a')&% %& %$&)+&'an &4-'&%a )5(+)a$&n)&1 a #a *u'+%d+((+9n -&'uana a'). +n(%. 2 K. E# ('+)&'+ d&(+%'+ /&n&'a# &% &# d$+(+#+. R&%-&() d& #a #&2 a-#+(a"#&1 nu&%)' D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* %7 )+&n& ('+)&'+% &%-&(7,+(% 2 &%)5n -'&6+%)% &n #% a')%. @ 2 @ d&# '&/#a$&n) d& #a L&2 @?>. D& (n,'$+dad (n 8%)%1 #a #&2 -&'uana '+/& #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&%: a u& !u"+&'an %+d &*&(u)ada% &n &# &';1 +nd&-&nd+&n)&$&n)& d& %+ %u% (n)'a)% d& '+/&n %& !u"+&'an (&#&"'ad &n &# &'; &n -a7% &4)'an*&' #&2 d&# #u/a'
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(u$-#+$+&n)1 2
21 Pasco CosmóBolis# !ario. %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. !anual de EnseFana. 2DD1.
" -' &4(&-(+9n1 u& !u"+&'an %+d (n)'a)ada% &n &# &';1 aunu& %& !u"+&'an &*&(u)ad &n -a7% &4)'an*&' #&2 d&# #u/a' d& (&#&"'a(+9n. E# ('+)&'+ d&(+%'+ /&n&'a# &% &# #u/a' d&# (u$-#+$+&n). C$ -u&d& a-'&(+a'%& d& # &4-u&%) !a%)a au71 %+&$-'& u& &# *u&= -&'uan ,u&'a ($-&)&n)&1 #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& %&'7a #a d& nu&%)' -a7%1 %a#6 &n &# &4)'a3 %u-u&%) &n u&1 -&%& a n !a"&'%& &*&(u)ad #a '&#a(+9n #a"'a# n+ !a"&'%& (&#&"'ad &# (n)'a) '&%-&()+6 &n &%)& )&''+)'+1 &# &$-#&ad' d&$andad d$+(+#+a'a &n &# &'; #a% -a')&% d&(+d+&'an &4-'&%a )5(+)a$&n)& %$&)&'%& a #a *u'+%d+((+9n -&'uana1 !+-9)&%+% &n #a% (ua#&% '&%u#)a'5 a-#+(a"#& #a #&2 d& un -a7% &4)'an*&'. En &%& (a%1 &# *u&= -&'uan d&"&'7a a-#+(a' #a #&2 d&# -a7% (''&%-nd+&n)&1 &4(&-) %+ &##a (n)'a'+a'a &# 'd&n -;"#+( +n)&'na(+na# a'). @? d&# C9d+/ C+6+#. D&%d& un -un) d& 6+%)a d& d&'&(! +n)&'na(+na# -'+6ad1 &# ##a$ad )'a,+( &4)&'n d& $an d& "'a (u2a $an+,&%)a(+9n -a'ad+/$5)+(a %n #a% $+/'a(+n&% 2 d& &$-'&%a% da #u/a' a# -#an)&a$+&n) d& -'"#&$a% a(&'(a d& #a #&/+%#a(+9n a-#+(a"#&% a #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% %"'& #a% u& +n(+d&n un &#&$&n) &4)'an*&' Qu8 #&2 -'(&d& a-#+(a': #a d&# #u/a' dnd& %& (&#&"'9 &# (n)'a)1 #a d&# #u/a' d& %u &*&(u(+9n1 #a d& #a %&d& d& #a &$-'&%aP E# %u-u&%) u& da #u/a' a# -#an)&a$+&n) d& #% -'"#&$a% %"'& a-#+(a(+9n d& #&2 na(+na# &4)'an*&'a &% #a -'&%&n(+a d& un ,a()' &4)'an*&' &$-'&%a'+1 )'a"a*ad'1 #u/a' d& (n)'a)a(+9n1 &*&(u(+9n d& )'a"a*1 &)(. 22
a'a da' %#u(+9n a #% (n,#+()% '&#a)+6% a #a% n'$a% a-#+(a"#&% &% -'&(+% a(ud+' a
#a% '&/#a% +n)&'na(+na#&% ($ &# (n6&n+ d& R$a %"'& #a $a)&'+a1 -'(u'and %u a'$n+=a(+9n. a E# (n6&n+ d& '$a '&(n(& a #a% -a')&% d&# (n)'a) #a #+"&')ad d& &#&/+' #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& a &%)&0 #+"&')a% u& )+&n& un #7$+)&0 !a d& '&%-&)a' #a% d+%-%+(+n&% +$-&'a)+6a% d&# -a7% &n u& %& '&a#+(& !a"+)ua#$&n)& &# )'a"a* 1 a ,a#)a d& )a# #u/a' !a"+)ua#1 d& au&# &n u& %& )&n/a %u %&d& #a &$-'&%a 1 &n )d (a%1 (ua#u+&' )' #u/a' (n &# u& &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* )&n/a 67n(u#% $5% &%)'&(!% a')7(u#% K.> 2 K. 2 0 &n %&n)+d %+$+#a'1 a')+(u# '&/#a$&n) '$a I. 22 %e la Cueva# !ario. %erec&o !e@icano del 'ra(a"o. Porrúa-!é@ico. Prólo5o de Primera > ,e5unda Edición. 1999.
E# -'-+ (n6&n+ &%)a"#&(& u&1 (uand #a% -a')&% d&# (n)'a) n &*&'(+)&n #a '&,&'+da &#&((+9n d& #&2 a-#+(a"#&1 '&/+'5n #a% n'$a% d&# -a7% &n u& %& '&a#+(&n !a"+)ua#$&n)& &# )'a"a* 1 a ,a#)a d& )a# #u/a' !a"+)ua#1 #a% d&# #u/a' dnd& )&n/a %u %&d& #a &$-'&%a 1 &n )d (a%1 #a% d&# #u/a' u& )&n/an 67n(u#% &%)'&(!% (n &# (n)'a)0 &n %&n)+d %+$+#a'1 a')+(u# '&/#a$&n) d& R$a I D&"+&nd %&' -'"ad &# d&'&(! &4)'an*&' an)& &# *u&= na(+na#1 #a ,a#)a d& d+(!a -'u&"a "#+/a a u& %& a-#+u&n #a% n'$a% +n)&'na% " La% '&/#a% d&# d&'&(! +n)&'na(+na# -'+6ad 2 %u% '&%-u&%)a% u&1 "6+a$&n)&1 6+n(u#a'a a #% )'+"una#&% d& #% -a7%&% u& #a a(*an1 -&' u& n +$-&d+'5 u& #% *u&(&% &4)'an*&'%1 &n a-#+(a(+9n d& n'$a% +n)&'na(+na#&% -'+6ada% -'&%('+)a% &n %u% '&%-&()+6% 'd&na$+&n)%1 -u&dan '&%#6&'%& (n d+%)+n) ('+)&'+. En (n(#u%+9n &%)a$% &n "#+/a(+9n d& d&(+' u& &# (n6&n+ d& R$a '&(n(& a #a% -a')&% d&# (n)'a) #a #+"&')ad d& &#&/+' #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& a 8%)&1 (n &# #7$+)& d& u& '&%-&)&n #a% d+%-%+(+n&% +$-&'a)+6a% d&# -a7% &n u& %& '&a#+(& !a"+)ua#$&n)& &# )'a"a*1 a ,a#)a d& 8%)&1 d& au8# &n u& )&n/a %&d& #a &$-'&%a 1 &n )d (a% (ua#u+&' )' #u/a' (n &# u& &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* )&n/a 67n(u#% $5% &%)'&(!%. A ,a#)a d& d+%-%+(+9n a#/una d& #a% -a')&% %"'& &%)& -a')+(u#a'1 '&/+'5n #a% n'$a% d&# -a7% &n u& %& '&a#+(& !a"+)ua#$&n)& &# )'a"a*1 a ,a#)a d& #u/a' !a"+)ua#1 #a% d&# #u/a' dnd& )&n/a %&d& #a &$-'&%a 1 &n )d (a%1 d& (ua#u+&' )' #u/a' (n &# u& &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* )&n/a 67n(u#% $5% &%)'&(!%. D&"+&nd %&' -'"ad &# d&'&(! &4)'an*&' an)& &# *u&= na(+na#1 #a ,a#)a d& d+(!a -'u&"a "#+/a a u& %& a-#+u&n #a% n'$a% +n)&'na%.
A !ANERA DE CONCLUSIÓN Una 6&= %&#&((+nada #a n'$a a-#+(a"#&1 &% -'&(+% a)'+"u+'#a d& %&n)+d. La +n)&'-'&)a(+9n %& -u&d& d&,+n+'1 -' )an)1 ($ #a (a-)a(+9n d&# %+/n+,+(ad d& una -'-%+(+9n n'$a)+6a1 1 $5% &4a()a$&n)&1 #a a)'+"u(+9n d& %&n)+d %+/n+,+(ad a# 'd&na$+&n) ($ (n*un) 2 a (ada un d& #a% -a')&% u& ,'$&n -a')& d& 8#. L% ('+)&'+% d& +n)&'-'&)a(+9n d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% %n1 &n -'+n(+-+1 #% /&n&'a#&%1 (n,'$& a# (ua#1 #a% n'$a% %& +n)&'-'&)a'5n %&/;n &# %&n)+d -'-+ d& #a% -a#a"'a%1 &n '&#a(+9n (n &# (n)&4)1 #% an)&(&d&n)&% !+%)9'+(% 2 #&/+%#a)+6%1 2 #a '&a#+dad %(+a# d&#
)+&$- &n u& !an d& %&' a-#+(ada%1 a)&nd+&nd ,unda$&n)a#$&n)& a# &%-7'+)u 2 ,+na#+dad d& au8##a%. En &# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 *un) a #% ('+)&'+% d& +n)&'-'&)a(+9n /&n&'a#&%1 '+/& &# -'+n(+-+ +n du"+ -' -&'a'+1 (n,'$& a# (ua# d& &n)'& d% $5% %&n)+d% d& #a n'$a1 !a d& a(/&'%& au&# u&1 &n (ada (a%1 '&%u#)& $5% (n6&n+&n)& -a'a &# )'a"a*ad'. La *u'+%-'ud&n(+a !a $a)+=ad u& &# -'+n(+-+ n -u& d& a-#+(a'%& &n n+n/;n (a% &n '&#a(+9n (n #a% '&/#a% &n $a)&'+a d& 6a#'a(+9n d& #a -'u&"a1 d& $d u& %9# -u&d& %&' a-#+(ad (uand &4+%)an duda% &n #a d&)&'$+na(+9n d& #% &,&()% *u'7d+(% d& una %+)ua(+9n d& !&(! -'"ada1 -&' n '&%-&() a #a 6a#'a(+9n d& #a% -'u&"a%1 2a u& &n &%)a $a)&'+a '+/&n #% -'+n(+-+% /&n&'a#&% u& '+/&n #a (a'/a d& #a -'u&"a 2 #a 6a#'a(+9n d& #a $+%$a.
CASOS DE EXTRATERRITORIALIDAD DE LA LEGISLACIÓN LABORAL 23
En d&)&'$+nada% %+)ua(+n&% n &% a-#+(a"#& #a #&2 na(+na#1 ($ &n #% %+/u+&n)&%
(a%%: •
Cuand !a2 -'&%)a(+9n d& %&'6+(+% -' )'a"a*ad'&% -&'uan% &n &# &4)'an*&'1 -' )'a"a*ad'&% &4)'an*&'% &n &# &'; 2 &4+%)& un )'a)ad +n)&'na(+na# a#
•
'&%-&()1 %& a-#+(a 8%)&. En #% d&$5% (a%% d& (n)'a)a(+9n 2 &*&(u(+9n d&# (n)'a) ,u&'a d&# &';1 d& $d %+$u#)5n& &n &# &'; 2 &n )'% -a7%&%1 %& d&"& a-#+(a' %&/;n &# ('+)&'+ d& J'/& R&nd9n V5%u&= &# a')7(u# ? d&# C9d+/ C+6+# u& d+(& #a% "#+/a(+n&% (n)'a()ua#&% %& '+/&n -' #a #&2 &4-'&%a$&n)& &#&/+da -' #a% -a')&%1 2 &n %u d&,&() -' #a #&2 d&# #u/a' d& %u (u$-#+$+&n). &'1 %+ d&"&n (u$-#+'%& &n -a7%&% d+%)+n)%1 %& '+/&n -' #a #&2 d& #a "#+/a(+9n -'+n(+-a# 21 &n
•
(a% d& n -d&' %&' d&)&'$+nada 8%)a1 -' #a #&2 d&# #u/a' d& #a (&#&"'a(+9n. E# -&'%na# d& #% -a7%&% d& #a% &$"a*ada% 2 &# (n)'a)ad -' #a% '/an+=a(+n&% +n)&'na(+na#&% (n -&'%n&'7a d& D&'&(! ;"#+( In)&'na(+na# n &%)5 %u*&) a #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% -&'uana%1 &n 6+')ud d& #a -&'%na#+dad d& &%)a% &n)+dad&%. En (a$"+1 #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% d& #% )'a"a*ad'&% -&'uan% 2 d& )'a% na(+na#+dad&% u& &%a% &n)+dad&% (n)'a)an &n &# &'; -a'a -'&%)a' %&'6+(+% n +n!&'&n)&% a# *u% +$-&'+u$ %& d&"&n '&/+' -' #a #&/+%#a(+9n #a"'a# -&'uana0 2 &%
23 Pasco CosmóBlis# !ario. !anual de EnseFana. 2DD1
-%+"#&1 -' # )an)1 &$-#a=a'#a% an)& #a *u%)+(+a #a"'a# -&'uana. E% &%) # u& -a%a% &n #% -a7%&% &u'-&% 2 &n )'%1 ($ B'a%+# 2 A'/&n)+na. L% a/&n)&% d+-#$5)+(% &%)5n +n6&%)+d% d&# *u% +$-&'+u$ +nd+(ad 21 &n 6+')ud d& %u +n$un+dad n -u&d&n %&' d&$andad% an)& #% )'+"una#&% -&'uan%. D& a##7 u& #a +n&,&()+6+dad d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* %& (n&()& (n #a +n)&n(+na#+dad -#7)+(a &n #% n+6&#&% d& d&(+%+9n &%)a)a#. &%& a# (a'5()&' +$-&'a)+6 d& %u% n'$a%1 +n(#u% (unad d+$anan d& #a -'-+a Cn%)+)u(+9n1 %+ #% -d&'&% d&# E%)ad %& a"%)+&n&n d& (u$-#+'#a% d& !a(&'#a% (u$-#+'1 %u ,un(+9n -')&()'a d&# )'a"a*ad' %& &%,u$a0 21 an)&% "+&n1 #a (ndu()a &%)a)a#1 d&%-#a=and a #a n'$a)+6a1 )&nd&'51 &n(u"+&')a ,'an(a$&n)&1 a -')&/&' a# &$-#&ad'. La (au%a d& u& a%7 %u(&da 'ad+(a n %# &n #a %u"*&)+6+dad d& u+&n&% &*&'(&n &# -d&' -#7)+(0 &n %u$a1 #% 9'/an% d&# E%)ad1 "a* &# (n)'# d& #% /'u-% -#7)+(% ad+()% a #% &$-'&%a'+%1 a();an ($ a')7,+(&% d& #a +n,'a((+9n d& #a n'$a)+6a #a"'a# -')&()'a d& #% )'a"a*ad'&%1 %+ n !a2 una a((+9n d& (n)'a-&% d& 8%)%. E# +n6&n)a'+ d& #% (a%% d& +n&*&(u(+9n d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&% d&$u&%)'a u&1 &n &# (a$- d& a-#+(a(+9n '&a# d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 %# %& !a##an ($-'&nd+d% d&)&'$+nad% /'u-%1 2 u& $u(!% d& &##% n /=an d& )d% #% d&'&(!% u& #a% n'$a% #&% '&(n(&n. E%)a% #+$+)a(+n&% a# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* -d'7an %&' (#a%+,+(ada% d&# $d %+/u+&n)&: (a%% d& &4(#u%+9n -' &# (n(&-) $+%$ d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 +n&*&(u(+9n -' au%&n(+a d& 6#un)ad n'$a)+6a1 +na-#+(a(+9n -' ,a#)a d& %an(+n&% ad&(uada% 2 '5-+da%1 &4(#u%+n&% #&/a#&% &%-&(7,+(a%1 +na-#+(a(+9n d& !&(! d& #a% n'$a% #&/a#&%1 +n,'$a#+dad1 '&%)'+((+9n d&# $6+$+&n) %+nd+(a# 2 ' &-'&%+9n -#+(+a#. 24
La ('&(+&n)& &4)'a)&''+)'+a#+dad d& #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&%1 d&'+6ada d& #a +$-')an(+a
d&# (a-+)a# !u$an (n(&"+d ($ '&(u'% +n)an/+"#& d& #a% &$-'&%a% a #a !'a d& a,'n)a'
%u%
-'(&%%
d&
+n)&'na(+na#+=a(+9n1
&4+/&1
(n%&(u&n)&$&n)&1
un
-&',&((+na$+&n) d& #% $&(an+%$% d& /a'an)7a d& #% d&'&(!% & +n)&'&%&% #a"'a#&%1 -u&%1 &n (a% (n)'a'+1 #a $&n(+nada $6+#+dad ad#&(&'5 d& un ,u&')& d&%+n(&n)+6 u&1 a #a -%)'&1 "%)a(u#+=a'5 &# #/' d& #% "*&)+6% &$-'&%a'+a#&%. Y &% u& n (n6+&n& #6+da' u&1 a# $a'/&n d& #a n&(&%+dad d& -')&/&' #% +n)&'&%&% &%)'+()a$&n)& #a"'a#&% +$-#+(ad%1 #a &4+%)&n(+a d& un a$-#+ 2 !&)&'/8n& &#&n( d& '&/7$&n&%
24 !onto>a !el5ar# )lredo. %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. E%$'+*$)L 'ECN+,. !adridEsBaFa. 19=.
*u'7d+(% na(+na#&% (a'a()&'+=ad% -' &%)a"#&(&' $a'(% -')&()'&% d& d+6&'%a +n)&n%+dad1 %u-n& un (#a' +n(n6&n+&n)& -a'a #a% &$-'&%a% u& -&'an &n $&'(ad% )'an%na(+na#&% &n #a $&d+da &n u& -u&d&n %&' '&#a)+6a$&n)& ,'&(u&n)&% #% (a%% d& du$-+n/ %(+a# d& a!7 u&1 ($ 6&'&$%1 &n &# 5$"+) ($un+)a'+ &%)a -'"#&$5)+(a a-a'&=(a &%)'&(!a$&n)& 6+n(u#ada a #a% #+"&')ad&% ,unda$&n)a#&% d& #+"'& (+'(u#a(+9n 2 -'&%)a(+9n d& %&'6+(+%1 (n &# (n%+/u+&n)& d&)'+$&n)1 &n ;#)+$a +n%)an(+a1 d& #% n+6&#&% d& -')&((+9n %(+a#. S& +$-n&1 -' )an)1 #a n&(&%+dad d& ##&6a' a &,&() una a')+(u#a(+9n d& $&(an+%$% *u'7d+(% u& (n,+/u'&n un $a'( !$/8n& 2 &%)a"#& u& d8 ("&')u'a ad&(uada a &%)& ,&n9$&n 2 u&1 (n%&(u&n)&$&n)&1 )&n/a #a 6+')ua#+dad d& &#+$+na' #% +n(n6&n+&n)&% u&1 -a'a )'a"a*ad'&% 2 &$-'&%a'+%1 %& d&'+6an d& &%)& ('&(+&n)& ,&n9$&n. D& ,'$a -'&#+$+na'1 2 -a'a %+)ua' #a -'"#&$5)+(a &n %u *u%)a d+$&n%+9n1 (n6+&n& &,&()ua' a#/una% -'&(+%+n&% (n(&-)ua#&% u&1 &n ;#)+$a +n%)an(+a1 -u&dan )&n&' #a 6+')ua#+dad d& a''*a' a#/ d& (#a'+dad a# ($-#&* 21 &n /'an $&d+da1 (n,u%1 -an'a$a d& #a -')&((+9n %(+a# &4)'a)&''+)'+a#. 27
E# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* +n)&'na(+na# &% au&# u& %& (a'a()&'+=a -' #a -'&%&n(+a d&
a#/;n &#&$&n) d& &4)'an*&'7a 2 u&1 (n%&(u&n)&$&n)&1 (n##&6a #a a-#+(a(+9n %+$u#)5n&a d& d+,&'&n)&% 'd&na$+&n)% *u'7d+(%. D& ,'$a %+$-#+,+(ada1 #% -'"#&$a% u& -#an)&a &%)a ,+/u'a %& (+'(un%('+"&n a d% 5$"+)% u& d&"&n %&' -&',&()a$&n)& d&#+$+)ad%: &# d& #a &#&((+9n d& #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& #&4 2 &# d& #a d&)&'$+na(+9n d& #a ($-&)&n(+a *ud+(+a# ,'u$. D&%d& a$"a% -&'%-&()+6a%1 una d+6&'%+dad d& ,u&n)&% d& 6a'+ada -'(&d&n(+a %n #a% u& &%)a"#&(&n #% ('+)&'+% d& 6+n(u#a(+9n (n un d&)&'$+nad )&''+)'+ u&1 (n #a% +n&6+)a"#&% d%+% d& (n,#+()+6+dad a-#+(a)+6a +n!&'&n)& a #% $+%$%1 a(a"an d&(+d+&nd #a %#u(+9n u& !a d& da'%& a (ada (a%. La d+$&n%+9n d& #a -'"#&$5)+(a -#an)&ada &n )'n a# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* +n)&'na(+na# n &%1 %+n &$"a'/1 !$#/a"#& &n )d% %u% )8'$+n% a #a u& %& 6&'+,+(a &n &# 5$"+) d& #a -')&((+9n %(+a# &4)'a)&''+)'+a#1 2 &## a -&%a' d& #a &%)'&(!a 6+n(u#a(+9n &4+%)&n)& &n)'& '&#a(+9n #a"'a# 2 '&#a(+9n d& %&/u'+dad %(+a#. C$ -un) d& -a')+da1 n !a2 u& -&'d&' d& 6+%)a #a na)u'a#&=a *u'7d+(-'+6ada d& #a -'+$&'a 2 &# (a'5()&' &$+n&n)&$&n)& -;"#+( u& d&,+n& a #a %&/unda1 da) u& 6a a #+$+)a' d& $an&'a %)&n%+"#& #a 6+')ua#+dad d& una !+-)8)+(a &4)'a-#a(+9n d& #a% %#u(+n&%1 &n (#a6& -'+6a)+%)a1 &%)a"#&(+da% -a'a '&%#6&'
27 Prados %e *e>es# 0rancisco Javier. *enuncia > 'ransacción de %erec&os en el Estatuto de los 'ra(a"adores. *evista Político ,ocial EsBaFa. 1994.
#a% (n)'6&'%+a% %u%(+)ada% &n )'n a #a d&)&'$+na(+9n d& #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& a# (n)'a) +n)&'na(+na# d& )'a"a* ' )'a -a')&1 2 a -&%a' d& u&1 &n a$"% (a%%1 # u& (a'a()&'+=a a #a% '&#a(+n&% *u'7d+(a% &%)a"#&(+da% &% #a (n(u''&n(+a d& un &#&$&n) d& &4)'an*&'7a1 n+ 8%)% %n #% $+%$% &n un 2 )' )+- d& '&#a(+n&%1 n+ a,&()an -' +/ua# a au8##a% n+1 &n d&,+n+)+6a1 -u&d&n (n(&"+'%& &4)&n%% #% 5$"+)% %u"*&)+6% 2 "*&)+6% d& a()ua(+9n n'$a)+6a -'&6+%)% &n (ada (a%. L% &#&$&n)% d& &4)'an*&'7a u& -u&d&n a,&()a' a una '&#a(+9n #a"'a# -'6+&n&n )an) d& #a -'-+a na)u'a#&=a )'an%na(+na# d& #a% &$-'&%a%1 ($ d&# '8/+$&n d& -'&%)a(+9n d& #% %&'6+(+%1 ad&$5% d& #a -'-+a $6+#+dad d& #% )'a"a*ad'&% -' un 6a'+% &%)ad% d+%)+n)% a# d& '+/&n. Tda% &%)a% (+'(un%)an(+a% -u&d&n a,&()a' a #a '&#a(+9n d& -')&((+9n %(+a#1 %+n &$"a'/1 (a"& #a -%+"+#+dad d& u&1 a #a +n6&'%a1 n &4+%)a )a# (''&%-nd&n(+a. D&%d& #u&/1 &# !&(! d& u& un &#&$&n) d& &4)'an*&'7a a,&()& a una '&#a(+9n #a"'a# 6a a )&n&' '&-&'(u%+n&% &n #a% '&#a(+n&% d& %&/u'+dad %(+a# 6+n(u#ada% a #a% $+%$a%. &'1 -a'a u& &4+%)a una '&#a(+9n d& -')&((+9n %(+a# &4)'a)&''+)'+a# n &% n&(&%a'+a #a -'&%&n(+a d& un (n)'a) d& )'a"a* u& 6+n(u#& a# %u*&) -)&n(+a#$&n)& -')&/+d1 -u&% ($ %& %a"&1 a n+6&# +n)&'n1 n &% n&(&%a'+ d+(!a 6+n(u#a(+9n -a'a a((&d&' a #% $&(an+%$% d& ("&')u'a -'&6+%)% a# &,&(). Cn%&(u&n)&$&n)&1 )an) #a d+$&n%+9n d& #a -'"#&$5)+(a -#an)&ada &n (ada (a%1 ($ #a% (''&%-nd+&n)&% %#u(+n&% "a'a*ada%1 d+,+&'&n &n ,un(+9n d& #% &#&$&n)% d& &4)'an*&'7a (n(u''&n)&% &n una d&)&'$+nada '&#a(+9n #a"'a# d& -')&((+9n %(+a#1 -u&%1 a #a -%)'&1 6a a d&)&'$+na' &# $d 2 /'ad d& 6+n(u#a(+9n &n)'& &# +nd+6+du 2 &# 'd&na$+&n) &n (u&%)+9n u& %& 6a a (n%+d&'a' *u'7d+(a$&n)& '&#&6an)&. ' )'a -a')&1 #a ,a#)a d& (+n(+d&n(+a &n)'& %u% '&%-&()+6% 5$"+)% %u"*&)+6% d& a()ua(+9n n &$-+&(& #a 6+n(u#a(+9n &4+%)&n)& &n)'& '&#a(+9n #a"'a# 2 '&#a(+9n d& %&/u'+dad %(+a# u&1 aunu& )'ad+(+na#$&n)& !a %+d $5% &%)'&(!a1 (n)+n;a )&n+&nd &n #a a()ua#+dad una +nduda"#& '&#&6an(+a u&1 a# d&-&nd&' &n (ada (a% d& #a% -&(u#+a'+dad&% d& #% d+%)+n)% %+%)&$a% na(+na#&%1 d&"&'5 %&' )&n+da &n (u&n)a a #a !'a d& (n,+/u'a' %#u(+n&% n'$a)+6a% &n &# -#an %u-'ana(+na#. F+na#$&n)&1 )' d& #% a%-&()% u&1 aunu& d& 7nd#& (n(&-)ua#1 n &% -%+"#& "6+a' -' #a% '&-&'(u%+n&% -'5()+(a% u& -'2&()a &n &# 5$"+) &4)'a)&''+)'+a#1 6+&n& '&,&'+d a #a n&(&%+dad d& d&#+$+)a' #% d+,&'&n)&% -#an% %"'& #% u& %& &4)+&nd& #a a()ua(+9n n'$a)+6a &n $a)&'+a d& -')&((+9n %(+a#1 %+&nd -'&(+% d+%)+n/u+'1 a )a#&% &,&()%1 #a% &%,&'a% -;"#+(a 2 -'+6ada d& #a $+%$a 21 d&n)' d& #a
-'+$&'a1 #a u& a-a'&(& $5% 6+n(u#ada a# -'+n(+-+ d& (n)'+"u)+6+dad 2 #a u& %& (a'a()&'+=a -' -'&%(+nd+'1 ))a# -a'(+a#$&n)&1 d& d+(!a 6+n(u#a(+9n. La% d+,&'&n)&% !+-9)&%+% d& &4)'a)&''+)'+a#+dad 2 %u -'2&((+9n &n &# -#an d& #a -')&((+9n %(+a#. E# -'+$&' d& #% da)% '&#&6an)&% 6+&n& '&,&'+d a# $$&n) &n &# u& %u'/& &# &#&$&n) d& &4)'an*&'7a. D&%d& &%)a -&'%-&()+6a1 #a '&#a(+9n #a"'a# d& #a u&1 &6&n)ua#$&n)&1 (a"& !a(&' d&'+6a' una '&#a(+9n d& -')&((+9n %(+a#1 -u&d& %&' '+/+na'+a$&n)& &4)'a)&''+)'+a#1 %+ &# &#&$&n) d& &4)'an*&'7a &%)5 -'&%&n)& (n an)&'+'+dad a #a -'-+a &4+%)&n(+a d&# (n)'a) d& )'a"a*1 1 -' &# (n)'a'+1 -u&d& %u'/+' d& ,'$a %"'&6&n+da (n -%)&'+'+dad1 (n # u& &%)a'7a$% an)& una n6a(+9n d&# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* +n+(+a# u& -a%a'7a a %&' (a#+,+(ad d& +n)&'na(+na#. 2=
E# &*&$-# -'))7-+( d& #a -'+$&'a !+-9)&%+% &% &# d&# &$+/'an)& u& %& )'a%#ada a )'
-a7% a "u%(a' un &$-#& a (u-a' un u& %& !a %+d ,&')ad &n %u -a7% d& '+/&n. E%)a'7a$% &n &%)& (a% an)& %u-u&%)% d& $6+#+dad )'an%na(+na# d& $an d& "'a (n 6+%)a% a (u-a' un nu&6 &$-#&. En #a %&/unda !+-9)&%+% !a"'7a u& +n(#u+' a )d% au&##% )'a"a*ad'&% u&1 -' d+6&'%a% 'a=n&%1 -a%an a d&%a''##a' %u a()+6+dad #a"'a# $5% a##5 d& #a% ,'n)&'a% d&# E%)ad (u2 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+( '&/7a %u (n)'a) d& )'a"a* !a%)a &%& $$&n). En &%)a (a%+9n1 %& -'du(& un d&%-#a=a$+&n) &n &# &$-#& u& (n6+&')& una '&#a(+9n #a"'a# 'd+na'+a &n +n)&'na(+na#. En &# (a% d& #% &$+/'an)&%1 &n -'+n(+-+1 n %& -#an)&a -'-+a$&n)& un (n,#+() d& #&2&%1 -u&% %& #&% a-#+(a -#&na$&n)& &# 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+( d&# -a7% d& a(/+da. Cn%&(u&n)&$&n)&1 #a '&/u#a(+9n *u'7d+(a d& %u '&#a(+9n #a"'a# d&6+&n& -a(7,+(a &n #a $&d+da &n u& n %u'/& #a n&(&%+dad d& %&#&((+na' #a n'$a a-#+(a"#&. S9# &n &# (a% d&# '&)'n d& u& +n(u''a &n a#/una d& #a% (n)+n/&n(+a% -')&/+da%1 -#an)&a'5 (u&%)+n&% '&#&6an)&% d&%d& #a -&'%-&()+6a d& #a -')&((+9n %(+a#. N !a2 u& #6+da' u&1 &n %u (#5%+(a (n(&-(+9n1 &# )'a"a*ad' $+/'an)& %& %$&)7a -#&na$&n)& a# %+%)&$a d& -')&((+9n %(+a# d+%&3ad -' &# 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+( d&# -a7% d& a(/+da 21 (n%&(u&n)&$&n)&1 du'an)& &# d&%a''## d& %u a()+6+dad #a"'a# (n)a"a (n #a ("&')u'a %(+a# -'-+a d& )d '&%+d&n)&1 )&n+&nd #a% $+%$a% "#+/a(+n&% 21 una 6&= (u$-#+d% #% '&u+%+)% &%)a"#&(+d% &n (ada (a%1 a(a"a"a d+%,'u)and +d8n)+(% d&'&(!% -'&%)a(+na#&%. L% d8,+(+) d& ("&')u'a u& !a"'7a u& a,'n)a'1 ad&$5% d& #% u& -ud+&'an &%)a' 6+n(u#ad% a #a na(+na#+dad1 u&da"an (+'(un%('+)%1 -' un #ad1 a #%
2= CamBs *ui# Luis !i5uel. Los conHictos entre normas la(orales. $nstituto de Estudios ,ociales. !adrid-EsBaFa 191
-'"#&$a% d& a((&% a #a% -'&%)a(+n&% ,a$+#+a'&% d& au&##% "&n&,+(+a'+% u& -&'$an&(7an &n &# -a7% d& '+/&n 21 -' )'1 a #a (u&%)+n&% '&#a)+6a% a #a )'an%,&'&n(+a d& -'&%)a(+n&% &n (a% d& '&)'n. a'a a)a*a' &%)& -'"#&$a1 &%-&(+a#$&n)& a(&n)uad an)& &# d&%a''## ('&(+&n)& d&# ,&n9$&n $+/'a)'+ du'an)& #a %&/unda $+)ad d&# %+/# -a%ad1 %& !an 6&n+d ad-)and +n%)'u$&n)% u& !an )'a)ad d& n&u)'a#+=a' #% $&n(+nad% d8,+(+) d& -')&((+9n u& %& -'du(7an &n )a#&% (a%%. E%)% +n%)'u$&n)% !an %+d1 &n un -'+$&' $$&n)1 #% (n6&n+% )'a)ad% +n)&'na(+na#&% d& S&/u'+dad S(+a#1 ,undad% %"'& #a "a%& d&# -'+n(+-+ d& +/ua#dad d& )'a) &n)'& na(+na#&% 2 '&%+d&n)&% &4)'an*&'%. La )8(n+(a !a"+)ua#$&n)& u)+#+=ada !a %+d #a ('d+na(+9n u&1 (n +nd&-&nd&n(+a d& %u a#(an(& &n (ada (a%1 !a )&n+d ($ -'-9%+) -a#+a' #a% d+%('dan(+a% &4+%)&n)&% &n)'& #a% d+6&'%a% #&/+%#a(+n&% na(+na#&% 21 d& &%)& $d1 /a'an)+=a' #a &,&()+6+dad d&# '8/+$&n -'&%)a(+na# &n #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% &4)'a)&''+)'+a#&%. S+n &$"a'/1 #a 6+')ua#+dad (''&()'a d& #a )8(n+(a d& #a ('d+na(+9n &%)5 &n ,un(+9n d+'&()a$&n)& -'-'(+na# d&# /'ad d& !$/&n&+dad &4+%)&n)& &n)'& #% %+%)&$a% d& -')&((+9n &n (u&%)+9n u&1 ($ &% ,5(+#$&n)& (n%)a)a"#&1 n %+&$-'& &% &#&6ad. En &%)& %&n)+d1 &# &%(a% n+6&# d& d&%a''## $an+,&%)ad a# '&%-&() -' un "u&n n;$&' d& -a7%&% -'+n(+-a#$&n)&1 d&# )&'(&' $und -n& &n &n)'&d+(! #a &,+(a(+a d& #a ('d+na(+9n 2 &4-#+(a a #a -%)'& #a d+6&'%+dad d& (n)&n+d% d& #% a(u&'d% "+#a)&'a#&% &n $a)&'+a d& S&/u'+dad S(+a#. '&(+%a$&n)& -' &##1 &# -'+n(+-a# "*&)+6 d& #% +n%)'u$&n)% n'$a)+6% u& +n)&/'an &# d&n$+nad D&'&(! In)&'na(+na# d& #a S&/u'+dad S(+a# !a %+d &# d& &%)a"#&(&' 2 &#&6a' d& ,'$a -'/'&%+6a una %&'+& d& &%)5nda'&% $7n+$% &#a"'ad% -a'a %&' a-#+(ad% d& ,'$a /&n&'a#+=ada. D& &%)& $d1 &n #a $&d+da &n u& #a% #&/+%#a(+n&% na(+na#&% 6an a%u$+&nd )a#&% $7n+$% d& -')&((+9n1 #% n+6&#&% d& a'$n+=a(+9n %& +n('&$&n)an1 a(&n)uand a%71 #a &,&()+6+dad d& #% $&(an+%$% d& ('d+na(+9n &%)a"#&(+d% &n (ada (a%. ' )'a -a')&1 d&%d& #a -&'%-&()+6a d& #% )'a"a*ad'&%1 #a% %+)ua(+n&% u& %& -#an)&an &n #a a()ua#+dad %n d+%)+n)a% d& #a% &4+%)&n)&% &n )'% $$&n)% !+%)9'+(%. En #a $&d+da &n u& #% ,#u*% $+/'a)'+% u& -a')7an d& nu&%)' -a7% )&n7an ($ d&%)+n a #% -a7%&% &u'-&%1 #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# -'+n(+-+ d& )&''+)'+a#+dad n d&6&n7a -'"#&$5)+(a1 $5% a##5 d& #% a%-&()% an)&'+'$&n)& a-un)ad% -'&%)a(+n&% ,a$+#+a'&% 2 )'an%,&'&n(+a d& -'&%)a(+n&% -a'a '&)'nad%1 !a"+da (u&n)a d&# $a2' /'ad d& d&%a''## u&1 &n )8'$+n% ($-a'a)+6%1 d+%,'u)a"an #% -a7%&% d& a(/+da.
H2 d7a1 %+n &$"a'/1 nu&%)' %+%)&$a d& -')&((+9n %(+a# &% !$#/a"#&1 &n )8'$+n% /&n&'a#&%1 a# d& #% -a7%&% d& nu&%)' &n)'n1 # u&1 %+n duda1 ,a(+#+)a #a a-#+(a(+9n d& #a% )8(n+(a% d& ('d+na(+9n1 %+n -&'*u+(+ d& #a -'"#&$5)+(a +n!&'&n)& a #a% $+%$a%. L% -'"#&$a% %& %+);an1 (n%&(u&n)&$&n)&1 &n &# 5$"+) d& #% d&%-#a=a$+&n)% d& )'a"a*ad'&% &%-a3#&% a )&'(&'% -a7%&% dnd& %u"%+%)&n "a*% n+6&#&% d& ("&')u'a %(+a#. E# '&(u'% a #a ('d+na(+9n &n )a#&% (a%% d&6+&n& +n%u,+(+&n)& & +nad&(uad1 d& a!7 u& %& a'"+)'&n %#u(+n&% (n ,unda$&n) &n &# -'+n(+-+ -&'%na#+%)a u&1 &n #a -'5()+(a1 %u-n&n una &4)&n%+9n d&# 5$"+) d& a-#+(a(+9n d& nu&%)' %+%)&$a d& -')&((+9n %(+a# $5% a##5 d& #a% ,'n)&'a% na(+na#&%. ' )'a -a')&1 &%)a -'"#&$5)+(a )'ad+(+na# (&4+%)& &n #a a()ua#+dad (n nu&6a% %+)ua(+n&% u& &4+/&n %#u(+n&% )8(n+(a% $5% d&-u'ada% 2 d+6&'%+,+(ada%. En &,&()1 #a ($-#&*+dad ('&(+&n)& d& #a% '&#a(+n&% &(n9$+(a% )'an%na(+na#&% !a +n('&$&n)ad n)a"#&$&n)& #a% &4+/&n(+a% d& $6+#+dad d& )'a"a*ad'&% &n &# $a'( d& una '&#a(+9n #a"'a# -'&6+a$&n)& (n(&')ada. En (n%&(u&n(+a1 #% +n%)'u$&n)% d+%&3ad% )'ad+(+na#$&n)& -a'a a)a*a' #% -'"#&$a% %u%(+)ad% -' &# ,&n9$&n $+/'a)'+ d&"&n +' -&',&((+n5nd%& -'/'&%+6a$&n)& -a'a )'a)a' d& da' '&%-u&%)a% ad&(uada% a #a 6a'+&dad d& %+)ua(+n&% nu&6a% u& !2 d7a 6an a-a'&(+&nd 2 u& a(a"an d&%"'dand #% $5'/&n&% (n(&"+d% +n+(+a#$&n)&. L% -'"#&$a% %& -#an)&an (uand &% -'&(+% %&#&((+na' #a n'$a a-#+(a"#& &n)'& d% 'd&na$+&n)% na(+na#&% u&1 &n -'+n(+-+1 &%)5n ##a$ad% a '&/u#a' una $+%$a '&#a(+9n #a"'a#. L% %u-u&%)% $5% !a"+)ua#&% %n au&##% &n #% u& &# )'a"a*ad' !a %+d $6+#+=ad -' %u &$-'&%a $5% a##5 d& #a% ,'n)&'a% na(+na#&%. 2
A#/ '&#&6an)& 2 u& )+&nd& a &n)&nd&' un -( $5% &# )&$a d& #a &4)'a)&''+)'+a#+dad %n
#a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% +n)&'na(+na#&% u& a (n)+nua(+9n %& -a%a a d&%a''##a': A')7(u# VII. La -'&%&n)& L&2 '&/u#a #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% (u$-#+da% &n &# &'; 2 na(+da% d& (n)'a)% d& )'a"a* (&#&"'ad% &n &# &';. A')7(u# VIII. Sn '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% +n)&'na(+na#&% au&##a% &n #a% u& un &#&$&n) '&#&6an)&1 #a (n)'a)a(+9n #a &*&(u(+9n1 %& -'du(& &n #% )&''+)'+% d&# &'; 2 d& )'
2 Néve !u"ica Javier. Las *e5las Constitucionales Bara la aBlicación de la norma la(oral. )*) E%$'+*E,. Lima Perú. 199.
E%)ad0 au&##a% u& %& $a)&'+a#+=an &n %&d&% d+-#$5)+(a% d& E%)ad% &4)'an*&'% d& '/an+%$% +n)&'na(+na#&% a('&d+)ada% &n &# &';. A')7(u# I. La% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% +n)&'na(+na#&% &n #a% u& &# (n)'a) %& (&#&"'a &n un -a7% 2 #a '&#a(+9n %& (u$-#& &n )'1 %+&nd &# &'; a#/un d& &##%1 #a ($-&)&n(+a *u'+%d+((+na# 2 #a #&/+%#a(+9n a-#+(a"#& %& d&)&'$+nan &n ,un(+9n d& #% )'a)ad% %u%('+)% &n)'& #% E%)ad% +n6#u('ad%. A ,a#)a d& )'a)ad1 %& '+/&n -' #a% %+/u+&n)&% '&/#a%: > E# *u&= -&'uan &% ($-&)&n)& (uand &# d&$andad d$+(+#+a &n &# &';. N "%)an)&1 &% ($-&)&n)& )a$"+8n %+ &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* %& (&#&"'a #a '&#a(+9n #a"'a# %& &*&(u)a &n &# &'; %+ #a% -a')&% %& %$&)&n &4-'&%a )5(+)a$&n)& a #a *u'+%d+((+9n -&'uana. La #&2 -&'uana &% a-#+(a"#& a #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% (u$-#+da% &n &# &';1 (ua#u+&'a ,u&'a &# #u/a' d& (&#&"'a(+9n d&# (n)'a) d& )'a"a*1 a #a% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% (u$-#+da% &n &# &4)'an*&' %+ &# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* %& !u"+&'a (&#&"'ad &n &# &';. K a'a &,&() d& #a% '&/#a% an)&'+'&%1 %& (n%+d&'a ($ )&''+)'+ -&'uan1 ad&$5% d&# %u %u"%u &# d$+n+ $a'7)+$ 2 &# &%-a(+ a8'& u& #% (u"'&1 #a% na6&% a&'na6&% -&'uana% (uand %& d&%-#a(&n -' a/ua% a+'&% +n)&'na(+na#&%1 %"'& #a% u& n+n/;n E%)ad &*&'=a %"&'an7a. A')7(u# . La% '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% +n)&'na(+na#&% '&a#+=ada% &n #a% %&d&% d+-#$5)+(a% d& E%)ad% &4)'an*&'% d& '/an+%$% +n)&'na(+na#&% a('&d+)ad% &n &# &'; %& '+/&n -' #a Cn6&n(+9n d& V+&na %"'& '&#a(+n&% d+-#$5)+(a% 2 #% a(u&'d% d& S&d&1 '&%-&()+6a$&n)&. S+n &$"a'/1 #% '&(#a$% d&'+6ad% d& #a (&#&"'a(+9n d& (n)'a)% d& )'a"a* #a &*&(u(+9n d& '&#a(+n&% #a"'a#&% n d+%,'u)an d& &4&n(+9n *u'+%d+((+na#1 -'u& %& )'a)a d& a()% d& /&%)+9n 2 n d& +$-&'+. A')7(u# I. La nu&6a n'$a %& a-#+(a +n$&d+a)a$&n)& a #a% %+)ua(+n&% 2 '&#a(+n&% *u'7d+(a% &4+%)&n)&%.
INTERPRETACIÓN Y APLICACIÓN DE LAS NOR!AS LABORALES
C'&&$% +$-')an)& %&3a#a' u& &4+%)&n -'"#&$a% a# $$&n) d& a-#+(a' #a #&2 #a"'a# -' d+6&'%% $)+6%1 &# $5% +$-')an)& ('&&$% n%)'% &% &n(n)'a'#& &# 6&'dad&' %&n)+d a #% -'+n(+-+% -' #% u& %& )+&n&n u& '&/+' #% *u&(&% -a'a a-#+(a' #a% d+,&'&n)&% %+)ua(+n&% d& #a% n'$a% #a"'a#&%1 &% -' &## u& a (n)+nua(+9n &%)a"#&(&$% # u& '&a#$&n)& %& d&"& &n)&nd&' (ada -'+n(+-+ -a'a a-#+(a' una n'$a #a"'a# &n (ua#u+&'a d& %u% 5$"+)%. La a-#+(a(+9n d&# d&'&(! (n%+%)& &n &# (n*un) d& a()+6+dad&% ##&6ada% a (a" -a'a a*u%)a% #a '&a#+dad a #% d+()ad% d& #a% n'$a% *u'7d+(a%. E# *u&= &n /&n&'a#1 u+8n d&"a a-#+(a' &# d&'&(!1 d&"& %&#&((+na' #a n'$a n'$a% a-#+(a"#&%1 2 una 6&= %&#&((+nada%1 d&"& ,+*a' %u %&n)+d 2 &%)a"#&(&' %u %+/n+,+(a(+9n1 &%) &%1 d&"& +n)&'-'&)a'#a%. S+n &$"a'/1 #a ";%u&da d& (u5# d&"& %&' #a n'$a a-#+(a"#&1 &n &# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* %& -'&%&n)a $5% ($-#&*a -' #a d+6&'%+dad d&# %+%)&$a d& ,u&n)&%1 -' # u&1 &% -'&(+% a(ud+' -a'a %#6&n)a'#% ad&$5% d& a #% -'+n(+-+% /&n&'a#&% d& a-#+(a(+9n d&# 'd&na$+&n) *u'7d+( a )'% -'-+% d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. En &%)a -a')& d&# )'a"a* d&)a##a'&$% (ada un d& #% -'+n(+-+% -&' d& ,'$a (#a'a 2 (n('&)a -a'a n &n)'a' &n '&dundan(+a%. 2
L% -'+n(+-+% /&n&'a#&% d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a% #&2&% #a"'a#&%1 %n: •
'+n(+-+ d& *&'a'u7a n'$a)+6a. ' &# (ua#1 #a n'$a d& 'an/ %u-&'+' -'&6a#&(&1 2 &% d& a-#+(a(+9n -'&,&'&n)&1 %"'& #a n'$a d& 'an/ +n,&'+'.
•
'+n(+-+ d& $d&'n+dad. Cn,'$& a# (ua#1 &n)'& d% n'$a% +/ua#&% &n 'an/1 -'&6a#&(& 2 %& a-#+(a #a $5% $d&'na.
•
'+n(+-+ d& &%-&(+a#+dad. En)'& 6a'+a% n'$a% u& (n)&$-#&n una $+%$a %+)ua(+9n d& !&(!1 +/ua#&% &n 'an/1 %& a-#+(a #a u& )&n/a una (n&4+9n $5% &%)'&(!a (n &# "*&) d& '&/u#a(+9n.
Jun) a #% an)&'+'&% -'+n(+-+% &4+%)&n )'% d& a-#+(a(+9n (a'a()&'7%)+(% d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 u& a (n)+nua(+9n %& ana#+=an.
2 Pla *odrí5ue# )mérico. Los BrinciBios del %erec&o del 'ra(a"o. ?uenos )ires-)r5entina E%$C$+NE, %EP)L!). 19.
•
'+n(+-+ d& n'$a $7n+$a.
La% n'$a% d& d&'&(! n&(&%a'+1 -u&d&n %&' a %u 6&= d& d&'&(! n&(&%a'+ a"%#u)1 u& n ad$+)&n )'a '&/u#a(+9n d+%)+n)a d&'&(! n&(&%a'+ '&#a)+61 u& &%)a"#&(&n un #7$+)& -a'a #a au)''&/u#a(+9n -' #a% -a')&%1 u& n -u&d&n '&/u#a' %u% '&#a(+n&% -' d&"a* d& &%& #7$+)& $7n+$1 -&' %+ -u&d&n %u-&'a'#. u&% "+&n1 a &%)a% n'$a% d& d&'&(! n&(&%a'+ '&#a)+6a%1 %& -u&d&n d&n$+na' ($ n'$a% $7n+$a%. En &# D&'&(! La"'a#1 -' +n,#u* d&# -'+n(+-+ -' -&'a'+1 '&%u#)a u&1 &%& $7n+$ u& d&"& '&%-&)a'%&1 %& ,+*a a ,a6' d& #% )'a"a*ad'&%1 -' # u&1 d&%d& &# -un) d& 6+%)a d& #a -'du((+9n n'$a)+6a1 (ada n'$a #a"'a# (nd+(+na &# (n)&n+d d& #a% u& #& %+/u&n &n 'an/1 &n &# %&n)+d d& u& #a n'$a #a"'a# d&"& )&n&' &n (u&n)a u& #a% (nd+(+n&% d& )'a"a* &%)a"#&(+da% &n #a% n'$a% d& 'an/ %u-&'+'1 n -u&d&n %&' $d+,+(ada% &n -&'*u+(+ d&# )'a"a*ad'. E%) (n##&6a u& %&an nu#a% n d&"an %&' a-#+(ada% -' #% T'+"una#&%1 au&##a% n'$a% u& +$-#+u&n una $+n'a(+9n d& #% d&'&(!% $7n+$% &%)a"#&(+d% -' )'a d& %u-&'+' 'an/ a ,a6' d&# )'a"a*ad'. •
'+n(+-+ d& n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&.
E# -'+n(+-+1 -'&)&nd& '&%#6&' #% -'"#&$a% d& (n(u''&n(+a (n,#+()+6a d& n'$a% u& %& %u%(+)an (uand d% $5% n'$a% #a"'a#&% 6+/&n)&% 21 &n -'+n(+-+ a-#+(a"#&%1 (n)&$-#an un $+%$ %u-u&%) d& !&(!. En &%)& (a%1 %& a-#+(a #a u& %& (n%+d&'& &n %u (n*un) $5% ,a6'a"#& -a'a &# )'a"a*ad'. S+ &# )&$a &% (uan)+,+(a"#& %& )&nd'5 &n (u&n)a #a u& %&a $5% ,a6'a"#& &n (9$-u) anua#1 %+&nd &n ;#)+$a +n%)an(+a &# *u&=1 %+ &# ('+)&'+ d& ,a6'a"+#+dad n (+n(+d& &n)'& &$-'&%a'+ 2 )'a"a*ad'1 u+&n d&(+d& (ua# %& a-#+(a %&/;n &%)& -'+n(+-+. •
'+n(+-+ d& (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a.
u&d& d&,+n+'%&1 ($ &# -'+n(+-+ &n 6+')ud d&# (ua# &# )'a"a*ad' (n%&'6a #a% (nd+(+n&% d& )'a"a* %a#a'+1 *'nada1 &)(. adu+'+da% -' (n)'a) a() un+#a)&'a# d&# &$-'&%a'+1 (uand '&%u#)&n $5% "&n&,+(+%a% u& #a% (n)&n+da% &n #a nu&6a n'$a (n6&n+ u& d&'/u& a )'a u )' an)&'+'. N %& )'a)a d& un -'+n(+-+ /&n&'a# d&# D&'&(!1 %+n una ('&a(+9n *u'+%-'ud&n(+a#1 u& d&"& %&' $a)+=ada1 d&"+&nd (u$-#+' #% %+/u+&n)&% '&u+%+)%:
La (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a1 -u&d& na(&' d&# (n)'a) d& un a() un+#a)&'a# /'a(+a"#& d&# &$-'&%a'+1 # u& &% # $+%$1 n (a"'5 (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a (uand #a $+%$a 6&n/a d+%,'u)ada &n 6+')ud d& # &%)a"#&(+d &n un $anda) /&n&'a# & +$-&'%na#1 ($ -u&d& %&' una #&21 d&('&)1 (n6&n+ (#&()+6. E% d&(+'1 %+ &n (n6&n+ (#&()+6 %& &%)a"#&(& u& #% )'a"a*ad'&% a,&()ad% -' &# $+%$ -&'(+"+'5n )'&% -a/a% &4)'a'd+na'+a% a# a31 nada +$-+d& u& un (n6&n+ -%)&'+' ,+*& &# n;$&' d& -a/a% &n d%. R&%-&() a #a% #&2&% 2 (n6&n+% *u&/a &# -'+n(+-+ d& $d&'n+dad1 d& ,'$a u& #a n'$a -%)&'+' d&'/a a #a an)&'+'. E% n&(&%a'+ u& #a (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a %& !a2a +n('-'ad a# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* &n 6+')ud d& un a() d& 6#un)ad (n%)+)u)+6 d& una (n(&%+9n '&(n(+$+&n) d& un d&'&(! 2 %& -'u&"&1 &n ,+n1 #a 6#un)ad &$-'&%a'+a# d& a)'+"u+' a %u% )'a"a*ad'&% una 6&n)a*a un "&n&,+(+ %(+a# u& %u-&'a a #% &%)a"#&(+d% &n #a% ,u&n)&% #&/a#&% (n6&n(+na#&% d& '&/u#a(+9n d& #a '&#a(+9n (n)'a()ua# d& )'a"a*. a'a (n%+d&'a' una (nd+(+9n ($ $5% "&n&,+(+%a1 n "a%)a #a '&-&)+(+9n #a -&'%+%)&n(+a &n &# )+&$-1 %+n u& &% -'&(+% u& &%a a()ua(+9n -&'%+%)&n)& d&%(u"'a #a 6#un)ad &$-'&%a'+a# d& +n)'du(+' un "&n&,+(+ u& +n('&$&n)& # d+%-u&%) &n #a #&2 &n &# (n6&n+1 # u& !a -d+d a(n)&(&' -' u%% a(u&'d% +n,'$a#&%. La $a2' d+,+(u#)ad &% d&)&'$+na' (uand &4+%)& una (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a. En -'+n(+-+ #a (nd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a %& $d&'a -' &# *u&/ d& #a a"%'(+9n 2 ($-&n%a(+9n d& (nd+(+n&%1 (n,'$& a# (ua#1 #a% $&*'a% d& 'd&n n'$a)+6 n %& ad+(+nan a #a% (nd+(+n&% $5% "&n&,+(+%a% d+%,'u)ada% a )7)u# +nd+6+dua#1 %+n u&1 %a#6 &%)+-u#a(+9n &n (n)'a'+1 #a% (nd+(+n&% $5% "&n&,+(+%a% u&dan n&u)'a#+=ada% -' #a% $&*'a%. La ($-&n%a(+9n 2 a"%'(+9n %9# -u&d&n a,&()a' a (nd+(+n&% !$/8n&a%1 &% d&(+'1 au&##a% (n una ,+na#+dad an5#/a. ' &##1 #a ($-&n%a(+9n 2 a"%'(+9n %9# )+&n&n #u/a' &n)'& (nd+(+n&% %a#a'+a#&% )'adu(+"#&% nu$8'+(a$&n)&. Ca"&1 %+n &$"a'/1 u& &# (n)'a) (n6&n+1 (n,+/u'&n #a% (nd+(+n&% ($ n ($-&n%a"#&% a"%'"+"#&%. •
'+n(+-+ d& +''&nun(+a"+#+dad d& d&'&(!%.
La &4(#u%+9n 6#un)a'+a d& #a #&2 a-#+(a"#& 2 #a '&nun(+a d& d&'&(!% &n &##a '&(n(+d% %9# %&'5n 65#+da% (uand n (n)'a'7&n &# +n)&'8% &# 'd&n -;"#+( n+ -&'*ud+u&n a )&'(&'%. S+n &$"a'/1 &n &# D&'&(! La"'a#1 a-a'&(& (n%a/'ad &# -'+n(+-+ d& +''&nun(+a"+#+dad d& d&'&(!%1 a# &%)a"#&(&' u& #% )'a"a*ad'&% n -d'5n d+%-n&' 65#+da$&n)&1 an)&% d&%-u8% d& %u adu+%+(+9n1 d& #% d&'&(!% u& )&n/an '&(n(+d%
-' d+%-%+(+n&% #&/a#&% d& d&'&(! n&(&%a'+. Ta$-( -d'5n d+%-n&' 65#+da$&n)& d& #% d&'&(!% '&(n(+d% ($ +nd+%-n+"#&% -' Cn6&n+ C#&()+6. La ,+na#+dad d&# -'+n(+-+1 u& %u-n& una &4(&-(+9n a #a au)n$7a d& #a 6#un)ad1 &% -')&/&' a# )'a"a*ad'1 (u2a %+)ua(+9n &(n9$+(a 2 %(+a# &% $&n% -'+6+#&/+ada 21 -' (n%+/u+&n)&1 -u&d& %&' $5% 6u#n&'a"#& a '&%+%)+'%& a #a -'&%+9n d& '&nun(+a' a #% d&'&(! '&(n(+d% a #a !'a d& a((&d&' una (n)'a)a(+9n -a'a %u $an)&n+$+&n). E%)a -')&((+9n a#(an=a1 ($ n1 a )d% #% d&'&(!% '&(n(+d% -' (n6&n+ (#&()+6 aunu& &# d+%)+n/a a #% u& %& #&% '&(n=(a ($ +nd+%-n+"#&%. N d&"& (n,und+'%&1 %+n &$"a'/1 #a '&nun(+a u& %&'7a +n&,+(a= 2 nu#a1 (n #a )'an%a((+9n u& -u&d& n %&'#a. La )'an%a((+9n &n)&nd+da ($ un (n)'a) -a'a #a &6+)a(+9n d& -#&+)%1 /=a d& #&/a#+dad1 %+&$-'& u& %& )'a)& d& a()% d& -'&%&n)& &n #% u& #a #+"&')ad d& d&(+%+9n d& #a% -a')&% %& &4)&'+'+(& &n d&)&'$+nada% $an+,&%)a(+n&% d& 6#un)ad. E%)% -a()% 65#+d% -u&d&n a#(an=a'%& &4)'a*ud+(+a#$&n)&1 &n &# )'5$+)& d& (n(+#+a(+9n1 -'&6+ a# -'(&% #a"'a#1 &n &# -'-+ -'(&%1 an)& &# *u&=. E# -'+n(+-+ &%-&(7,+( d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* -a'a &# %u-u&%) d& (n,#+() &%1 -u&%1 &# d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&. E%)a a,+'$a(+9n '&u+&'&1 %+n &$"a'/1 un an5#+%+% $5% -',und1 -' (uan) %u'/&n +n$&d+a)a$&n)& )'&% +n)&''/an)&%: )d )+- d& (n,#+() (ndu(& a# d&%-#a=a$+&n) d& una d& #a% n'$a% &n *u&/1 a#/un% ##&6an a #a &#+$+na(+9n d& una d& &##a% E# -'+n(+-+ a#ud+d %& a-#+(a %9# &n #a !+-9)&%+% d& (n,#+() %& &4)+&nd& a )'a% d& (n(u''&n(+a n (n,#+()+6a C9$ %& '&#a(+na &# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&1 &%-&(7,+( d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 (n #a% '&/#a% (#5%+(a% d& *&'a'u7a1 &%-&(+a#+dad 2 )&$-'a#+dad u& '+/&n #a% %+)ua(+n&% d& (n,#+()% &n &# d&'&(! ($;n R&%-&() d&# -'+$&' -'"#&$a1 Ma')7n Va#6&'d& d+%)+n/u& &n)'& #a (n)'ad+((+9n 2 #a d+6&'/&n(+a1 a -a')+' d& #a ($-'"a(+9n d& #a &4+%)&n(+a n d& una n&/a(+9n '&(7-'(a &n)'& #% -'&(&-)% an)+n9$+(%1 u& (u''& &n #a -'+$&'a -&' n &n #a %&/unda1 '&%&'6and &# (n(&-) d& (n,#+() &n %&n)+d &%)'+() -a'a #a d+6&'/&n(+a. En 8%)a &# 9'/an -'du()' 2 &# 5$"+) d& '&/u#a(+9n d& a$"a% n'$a% %n -a'(+a#$&n)& (+n(+d&n)&%1 -&' n +d8n)+(%. M+&n)'a% &n #a d+6&'/&n(+a1 &n)n(&%1 !a"'7a +na-#+(a(+9n d& un d& #% -'&(&-)% a# (a% -a')+(u#a'1 &n #a (n)'ad+((+9n #a (#+%+9n %& '&%#6&'7a (n #a &#+$+na(+9n d& un d& #% -'&(&-)%. En d&,+n+)+6a1 &# -'+$&' %&'7a -'-+a$&n)& un )&$a d& (n,#+()1 &n )an) u& &# %&/und # %&'5 $5% "+&n d& #a %u(&%+9n.
E# %&/und -'"#&$a1 '&,&'+d a #a &4)&n%+9n n d&# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#& $5% a##5 d& #% #7$+)&% d& (n,#+()1 /&n&'a d+%('&-an(+a% &n #a d()'+na: Ca$-% Ru+= # (n%+d&'a a-#+(a"#& )a$"+8n a# %u-u&%) d& %u-#&$&n)a'+&dad1 &n &# (ua# una n'$a $7n+$a &% $&*'ada -' )'a1 u& -' %&' #a $5% 6&n)a*%a -a'a &# )'a"a*ad' %&'5 #a u& '&/u#& &# (a%0 &n (a$"+1 -a'a Ma')7n Va#6&'d&1 &n #a %u-#&$&n)a'+&dad %& da #a a-#+(a(+9n %+$u#)5n&a d& a$"a% n'$a%1 dad u& &# $&*'a$+&n) -' #a %&/unda d& &##a% &%)a"a -'&6+%) -' #a -'+$&'a1 %+&nd +nn&(&%a'+ & +$-'(&d&n)& a(ud+' a# ('+)&'+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#& &n &%)& (a%. N%)'% ad!&'+$% a# -#an)&a$+&n) d& &%)& ;#)+$ au)'1 &n )an) &n)&nd&$% u& &n #a %u-#&$&n)a'+&dad #a n'$a $5% 6&n)a*%a a"%'"& a #a )'a1 %+n %u-'+$+'#a n+ &4(#u+'%&1 -' # u& %u a-#+(a(+9n (n##&6a #a d& a$"a% a #a 6&=. E# -'"#&$a d& #a '&#a(+9n &n)'& &# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#& 2 #a% '&/#a% d& *&'a'u7a1 &%-&(+a#+dad 2 )&$-'a#+dad1 ($un&% a# 'd&na$+&n)1 6a$% a ana#+=a'# d&%a/'&/ada$&n)& &n (ada un d& #% %u-u&%)% d& (n,#+(). a'a &%)% &,&()%1 d&"&$% %&3a#a' an)&% %+/u+&nd a Ca$-% Ru+= u& &n &%)& 5$"+) &% n&(&%a'+ )&n&' &n (u&n)a )'&% )+-% d& #7$+)&% u& &n(au=an #a u)+#+=a(+9n d&# -'+n(+-+: $a)&'+a#&%1 +n%)'u$&n)a#&% 2 a-#+(a)+6%. L% #7$+)&% $a)&'+a#&% %& '&,+&'&n a #% (n)&n+d% '&%-&() d& #% (ua#&% a();a &# -'+n(+-+: #a d+6&'/&n(+a d&"& -'du(+'%& &n)'& n'$a% 65#+da% &n ,nd 2 ,'$a1 2a u& %+ una d& &##a% n # ,u&'a1 -' !a"&' )'an%/'&d+d #a% '&/#a% %"'& *&'a'u7a1 ($-&)&n(+a -'(&d+$+&n)1 &# (n,#+() %&'7a %9# a-a'&n)&1 -u&%) u& au&##a n'$a d&"&'7a %&' &#+$+nada d&# 'd&na$+&n) Ca$-% Ru+=. E%)& %&'7a &# (a%1 -' &*&$-#1 d& un '&/#a$&n) u& (n(&d+&'a $5% 6&n)a*a% a# )'a"a*ad' u& #a% )'/ada% &n una #&21 d& un (n6&n+ (#&()+6 u& 6u#n&'a'a #a% -au)a% ($;n$&n)& $7n+$a% &4(&-(+na#$&n)& $54+$a% ,+*ada% -' una #&21 d& una (%)u$"'& (n)'a'+a a una #&2. L% #7$+)&% +n%)'u$&n)a#&% a#ud&n a #a% n'$a% &n)'& #a% u& a();a &# -'+n(+-+ Ca$-% Ru+=. ?En nu&%)' 'd&na$+&n) !&$% +d&n)+,+(ad (+n( %u-u&%)% a# '&%-&():
(8 N&(. %.$($(3%. La% n'$a% &%)a)a#&% %& '+/&n &n %u% (n,#+()% -' #% ('+)&'+% (#5%+(% d& *&'a'u7a1 &%-&(+a#+dad 2 )&$-'a#+dad1 (ndu(+&nd au&##% ,'&(u&n)&$&n)& a (n)'ad+((+n&% 2 n
29 Néve !u"ica# Javier. Las re5las Constitucionales Bara la )Blicación de la Norma La(oral. Lima-Perú. )*) E%$'+*E, 199.
a d+6&'/&n(+a%. S+ %& )'a)a'a d& n'$a% d& d+6&'%a *&'a'u7a1 #a %u-&'+' -'&6a#&(&'5 %"'& #a +n,&'+'1 n !a"+&nd &%-a(+ -a'a #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&1 2 n+ %+u+&'a -a'a #a %u-#&$&n)a'+&dad. S+ #a% n'$a% )u6+&'an &# $+%$ n+6&# d&"&'7a$% d+%)+n/u+': a %+ ,u&'an d% n'$a% /&n&'a#&% &n)'& %7 d% &%-&(+a#&% &n)'& %71 #a -%)&'+' -'&6a#&(&'5 %"'& #a an)&'+'0 " %+ ,u&'a una &%-&(+a# 2 una /&n&'a#1 #a -'+$&'a -'&6a#&(&'5 %"'& #a %&/unda1 /&n&'5nd%& (+&')a d+,+(u#)ad.
8 N&( %.$($(3 ; )#%#)*#(3 Aunu& #a% n'$a% &%)a)a#&% %u&#&n )&n&' (a'5()&' $7n+$ -a'a #a% (n6&n(+na#&%1 -' # u& n &% u%ua# un (n,#+() &n)'& &##a%1 %+ 8%)& %& -'du*&'a d&"&'5 '&%#6&'%& $&d+an)& #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&. N'$a#$&n)& #a n'$a %&#&((+nada a )'a68% d& &%)& $&(an+%$ %&'5 &# (n6&n+ (#&()+61 %a#6 &n &# &4)'a3 %u-u&%) d& u& #a n'$a &%)a)a# %& !u"+&'a ('&ad d&%-u8%1 (n un (n)&n+d $&*'.
)8 N&(. )#%#)*#(3%. Dad u& #a n&/(+a(+9n (#&()+6a &n nu&%)' -a7% %& -'du(& /&n&'a#$&n)& a n+6&# d& &$-'&%a 1 -' &4(&-(+9n1 a n+6&# d& 'a$a d& a()+6+dad1 -&' %+&$-'& &n ,'$a &4(#u2&n)& 2 n %+$u#)5n&a #a% (au%a% !a"'7a u& &n(n)'a'#a% &n #a% '&%+%)&n(+a% d& #% &$-#&ad'&% 2 au)'+dad&%1 n %& -'du(+'5n %u-&'-%+(+n&% &n)'& #% 5$"+)% d& 6+/&n(+a d& d% (n6&n+% (#&()+6%. En &%)& %u-u&%) +n&4+%)&n)&1 -d'7a !a"&' #u/a' -a'a un (n,#+() a#+ad d& )'a% '&#a(+n&% -%+"#&%1 ($ #a ($-&)&n(+a1 %u-#&$&n)a'+&dad1 ($-#&$&n)a'+&dad1 &)(.1 u& -d'7a a %u 6&= %&' '&%u&#) -' &# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&1 u& n (n%)+)u2& #a ;n+(a %#u(+9n -%+"#& (a"'7a )a$"+8n u)+#+=a' d& a#/una $an&'a #a% '&/#a% (#5%+(a%1 -&' %7 #a $5% (n6&n+&n)& d&%d& nu&%)' -un) d& 6+%)a.
8 N&( *#$%&#()*#(3 ; %.$($(3 )#%#)*#(3 &%& a u& #a% n'$a% +n)&'na(+na#&% +n('-'ada% a nu&%)' d&'&(! +n)&'n )+&n&n n+6&# (n%)+)u(+na# %+ %& '&,+&'&n a d&'&(!% !u$an% %u-&'+' a# #&/a# %+ %n ($un&%1 %&'5n d&%-#a=ada% -' #a% n'$a% &%)a)a#&% (n6&n(+na#&%1 %+&$-'& u& 8%)a% &%)a"#&(+&'an $&*'&% d&'&(!%. A%7 # !an -'&6+%) &4-'&%a$&n)& #% -'+n(+-a#&% +n%)'u$&n)% +n)&'na(+na#&% %"'& d&'&(!% !u$an%:
a() In)&'na(+na# d& D&'&(!% C+6+#&% 2 #7)+(% a'). +n(. 1 a() In)&'na(+na# d& D&'&(!% E(n9$+(%1 S(+a#&% 2 Cu#)u'a#&% a'). +n(. 1 Cn6&n(+9n
A$&'+(ana %"'& D&'&(!% Hu$an% a').? 2 Cn%)+)u(+9n d& #a
O'/an+=a(+9n In)&'na(+na# d&# T'a"a* a'). >? +n(. . En (n%&(u&n(+a1 &n &%)& (a$- %& a-#+(a'5 &# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&.
%8 N&(. *#$%&#()*#(3%. Ta$"+8n &n &%)& (a% &% &# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#&1 #a %#u(+9n d+%&3ada -' #% +n%)'u$&n)% +n)&'na(+na#&% %"'& d&'&(!% !u$an% -a'a '&%#6&' %u% &6&n)ua#&% (n,#+()%. A%7 &%)5 &%)a"#&(+d &n ,'$a "a%)an)& /&n&'a# ($-'&nd+&nd &n '+/' )'% %u-u&%)% &n &# a() In)&'na(+na# d& D&'&(!% C+6+#&% 2 #7)+(% a'). @1 &# a() In)&'na(+na# d& D&'&(!% E(n9$+(%1 S(+a#&% 2 Cu#)u'a#&% a').@ 2 #a Cn6&n(+9n A$&'+(ana %"'& D&'&(!% Hu$an% a'). ?. Ad+(+na#$&n)&1 #% d% a()% $&n(+nad% &n %u% a')%. +n(. K 2 +n(. K1 '&%-&()+6a$&n)& ad-)an &# $+%$ ('+)&'+ -a'a &n,'&n)a' (ua#u+&' d+6&'/&n(+a u& -ud+&'a %u'/+' &n)'& au&##% 2 &# Cn6&n+ OIT &n $a)&'+a &%-&(7,+(a d& #a #+"&')ad %+nd+(a#. La (u&%)+9n d& un -%+"#& (n,#+() &n)'& una n'$a na(+na# 2 )'a &4)'an*&'a1 2 d& una &6&n)ua# a-#+(a(+9n d&# -'+n(+-+ d& #a n'$a $5% ,a6'a"#& a &%& %u-u&%)1 u& ,'$a -a')& d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* In)&'na(+na#.
SITUACIÓN DE LOS PERUANOS EN EL EXTRANJERO Y DE LOS EXTRANJEROS EN EL PER@ SITUACIÓN LABORAL DE LOS TRABAJADORES PERUANOS EN EL EXTRANJERO '+$&' &$-&=a'&$% (n nu&%)'% ($-a)'+)a% u& %& &n(u&n)'an )'a"a*and &n &# &4)'an*&'1 -u&% "+&n1 &% +nd+%-&n%a"#& $&n(+na' au7 u& &# &'; !a ,+'$ad (n6&n+% (n d+%)+n)% -a7%&% &n &# $und -a'a $&*'a' #a %+)ua(+9n #a"'a# d& #% -&'uan% &n #% d+%)+n)% -a7%&% -' &## !a'&$% $&n(+9n a #% (n6&n+% &%)a"#&(+d%. 3D
18 CON ESPAA:
Cn6&n+ d& S&/u'+dad S(+a# d& #% )'a"a*ad'&% -&'uan% &n)'& #a R&-;"#+(a d& &'; 2 &# R&+n d& E%-a3a
3D Convenios La(orales Perú
Su%('+) &n #a (+udad d& Mad'+d1 R&+n d& E%-a3a1 &# > d& *un+ d& K1 2 a-'"ad -' &# Cn/'&% d& #a R&-;"#+(a d& &'; $&d+an)& R&%#u(+9n L&/+%#a)+6a N >1 d&# >> d& d+(+&$"'& d& K. E%)& Cn6&n+ ,u& 'a)+,+(ad $&d+an)& &# D&('&) Su-'&$ N K@RE1 d&# @ d& *un+ d& @. E%)& Cn6&n+ &n)'9 &n 6+/&n(+a -a'a a$"% -a7%&% &# > d& ,&"'&' d& . F'$a) -a'a #a &4-&d+(+9n d& C&')+,+(ad d& D&%-#a=a$+&n) -a'a #a A('&d+)a(+9n d&# -&'+d d& %u*&(+9n a #a n'$a)+6+dad na(+na# d& S&/u'+dad S(+a#. A(u&'d Ad$+n+%)'a)+6 -a'a #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# Cn6&n+ d& S&/u'+dad S(+a# '&#a)+6 a# )&$a d&# )'a"a* &n )da% #a% (+udad&% &%-a3#a% ,+'$ada% &n)'& #a R&-;"#+(a d& &'; 2 &# R&+n d& E%-a3a.
28 CON CILE: Cn6&n+ d& S&/u'+dad La"'a# &n)'& #a R&-;"#+(a d& &'; 2 #a R&-;"#+(a d& C!+#&. Cn6&n+ ,u& %u%('+) &n #a (+udad d& San)+a/1 R&-;"#+(a d& C!+#&1 &# K d& a/%) d& . E%)& Cn6&n+ ,u& a-'"ad -' R&%#u(+9n L&/+%#a)+6a N 1 -u"#+(ada &# d& %&-)+&$"'& d& K. E%)& Cn6&n+ ,u& 'a)+,+(ad $&d+an)& D&('&) Su-'&$ N >>KRE1 &# >K d& ()u"'& d& K. E%)& Cn6&n+ &n)'9 &n 6+/&n(+a1 ,+na#$&n)&1 &# > d& $a'= d& @. A(u&'d Ad$+n+%)'a)+6 -a'a #a a-#+(a(+9n d&# Cn6&n+ d& S&/u'+dad La"'a# &n)'& #a R&-;"#+(a d& &'; 2 &# R&+n d& C!+#&. Fu& %u%('+) &# K d& a/%) d&# a3 . E%)& a(u&'d &% 'a)+,+(ad $&d+an)& D&('&) Su-'&$ N >@RE1 2 &n)'9 &n 6+/&n(+a a -a')+' d&# > d& ()u"'& d& .
98 CON ARGENTINA: Cn6&n+ d& S&/u'+dad La"'a# &n)'& #a R&-;"#+(a d& &'; 2 #a R&-;"#+(a d& A'/&n)+na d& *un+ d& >??. A(u&'d Ad$+n+%)'a)+6 -a'a #a A-#+(a(+9n d&# Cn6&n+. Ra)+,+(ad &# A(u&'d Ad$+n+%)'a)+6 $&d+an)& D.S. N >>RE d& ,&(!a > d& Jun+ d& >>.
8 CON COLO!BIA: N&/(+a(+9n (n(#u+da &n &# $&% d& $a2 d&# >. E%)5 -&nd+&n)& %u 'a)+,+(a(+9n.
58 CON ITALIA: Cn6&n+ d& C-&'a(+9n 2 A%+%)&n(+a T8(n+(a &n $a)&'+a d& M+/'a(+9n La"'a# &n)'& &# M+n+%)&'+ d& T'a"a* 2 '$(+9n d&# E$-#& d& &'; 2 &# M+n+%)&'+ d& T'a"a* 2 #7)+(a% S(+a#&% d& I)a#+a. S& (u#$+n9 (n 84+) #a n&/(+a(+9n d&# (n6&n+ 2 %& &%)5 a #a &%-&'a d& #a% '&%-&()+6a% ,+'$a%.
<8 CON BOLIVIA: A()ua#$&n)& &# M+n+%)&'+ d& T'a"a* 2 '$(+9n d&# E$-#& d&# &';0 %& &n(u&n)'a n&/(+and un Cn6&n+ B+#a)&'a# (n &# M+n+%)&'+ d& T'a"a* 2 '&6+%+9n La"'a# d& B#+6+a.
>8 CON ECUADOR: Cn6&n+ La"'a#. Ra)+,+(ad $&d+an)& D&('&) Su-'&$ N >> RE1 (n ,&(!a >@ d& Ju#+ >1 2 -u"#+(ad &# > d& Ju#+ d&# -'&%&n)& a3. S& &n(u&n)'a -&nd+&n)& #a 'a)+,+(a(+9n -' -a')& d&# G"+&'n E(ua)'+an.
?8 CON CANAD: A()ua#$&n)& &# M+n+%)&'+ d& T'a"a* 2 '$(+9n d&# E$-#& d&# &'; %& &n(u&n)'a n&/(+and &# Cn6&n+ d& S&/u'+dad La"'a# &'; Canad5. M&'(%u' A(u&'d %"'& R&%+d&n(+a 2 #&/a#+dad #a"'a# -a'a Na(+na#&% d& #% E%)ad% a')& d&# M&'(%u'1 B#+6+a 2 C!+#&.
O"%&'6a$% u& )d% &%)% (n6&n+% (n)'+"u2&n a un $&*' d&%a''## 2 d&%&n6#6+$+&n) d& #% -&'uan% &n &# &4)'an*&'1 a%7 ($ un $&*' )'a) -' -a')& #% -a7%&% dnd& %& &n(u&n)'an )'a"a*and. La ";%u&da d& )'a"a* -u&d& ##&6a'n% a nu&6% d&%)+n%1 &%-&(+a#$&n)& &n una &(n$7a (a$"+an)& ($ #a a()ua#. S&/;n '&$&%a% u& ##&/an d&# &4)'an*&'1 &# G'u- d& T'a"a* d& &'uan% &n &# E4)&'+'1 u& -'&%+d& &# (n/'&%+%)a Ma')7n B&#aund& SN1 & +n)&/'an #% #&/+%#ad'&% na(+na#+%)a% V7()' I%#a 2 O$a' C!&!ad& ,u& +n,'$ad d& u& &n &# &4)&'+' !a2 &n)'& )'&% $+##n&% 2 $&d+ 2 )'&% $+##n&% $+# -&'uan%. La% (+,'a% ,u&'n -'-'(+nada% -' &# &$"a*ad' J'/& L5=a' G&#d'&%1 d+'&()' /&n&'a# d& C$un+dad&% d& &'uan% &n &# E4)&'+' 2 A%un)% Cn%u#a'&% d&# M+n+%)&'+ d& R&#a(+n&% E4)&'+'&%1 u+&n $an+,&%)9 u& %+&)& -a7%&% d&# $und (n(&n)'an (&'(a d&# ? d& -&'uan% &$+/'an)&%. En &,&()1 E%)ad% Un+d% )+&n& un K>1 0 E%-a3a >10 A'/&n)+na >@1K0 I)a#+a >1> 0 C!+#& 10 Ja-9n @1> 2 V&n&=u&#a K11 %&/;n #a% '&$&%a% u& ##&/an a %u% ,a$+#+a'&% &n &# &'; -'6&n+&n)& d& &%% -a7%&%. E%)a 5'&a )+&n& ($ $+%+9n ('d+na' #a -#7)+(a d& -')&((+9n #&/a# 2 d& a2uda !u$an+)a'+a a )d% #% -&'uan% u& '&%+d&n &n &# &4)&'+'1 +nd&-&nd+&n)&$&n)& d& %u (a#+dad 2 (nd+(+9n $+/'a)'+a1 &n '&%/ua'd d& %u% d&'&(!% &n #% -a7%&% u& # a(/&n 2 (n &# ,+n d& %a#6a/ua'da' %u +n)&/'+dad. L5=a' G&#d'&% %&3a#9 u& #a a%+%)&n(+a a #% -&'uan% u& %& &n(u&n)'a &n %+)ua(+9n d& +nd+/&n(+a n&(&%+dad &4)'&$a ($-'"ada &n &# &4)&'+' &% "'+ndada -' #% (n%u#ad% -&'uan% a )'a68% d&# '/'a$a d& A%+%)&n(+a L&/a# Hu$an+)a'+a 2 S&'6+(+% Cn%u#a'&%. E# d+-#$5)+( d&%)a(9 u& &# M+n+%)&'+ d& R&#a(+n&% E4)&'+'&% MRE &% un d& #% %&()'&% +n)&/'an)&% d&# G'u- d& T'a"a* &'$an&n)& (n)'a #a T'a)a d& &'%na% GTMT1 &# u& %& &n(u&n)'a a#)a$&n)& %&n%+"+#+=ad 2 ($-'$&)+d &n #a #u(!a (n)'a &# d&#+) u& #&%+na #a d+/n+dad !u$ana 2 &# -'2&() d& 6+da d& #a% 67()+$a%. En)'& &%a% a((+n&% %& !a &#a"'ad una -#a)a,'$a +n,'$5)+(a u& -&'$+)& #a &n)'&/a d& #a )a'*&)a d&# M+/'an)& R&)'nad TMR. A #a ,&(!a !an %+d &n)'&/ada% $5% d& )'&% $+# )a'*&)a%1 a%+$+%$ '&%-&() d& #a% 6+%a% d& )'a"a* -a'a #% -&'uan% (n #% -a7%&%
u& )&n&$% (n6&n+% #a"'a#&% -a'a a('&d+)a' una $a2' %&/u'+dad #a"'a# -a'a nu&%)'% ($-a)'+)a%. E# #&/+%#ad' B&#aund& M'&2'a1 -#an)&9 u&1 ,'&n)& a #a +n,#u&n(+a u& -u&d&n )&n&' &%)a% ($un+dad&% &n &# &4)&'+'1 d&"&'7a (n)a'%& (n un ($-#&) &%)ud+ -a'a %u +n)&/'a(+9n a #a -#7)+(a na(+na#.
PARA TENER EN CUENTA S&/;n #a OIM1 #a $a2'7a d& -&'uan% u& %a#&n d&# -a7% %n *96&n&% &n)'& > 2 K a3% 2 )+&n&n &du(a(+9n %u-&'+'0 &% #&% -&'$+)& +n%&')a'%& &n $&*'&% (nd+(+n&%. S+n &$"a'/1 &n #a $a2'7a d& (a%% #% d+%)+n)% -',&%+na#&% n -u&d&n &*&'(&' 2 )'a"a*an &n ,+(+% $&n'&%. E# .? d& #% -&'uan% &$+/'9 -a'a !a##a' $&*'&% -')un+dad&% #a"'a#&% 2 &# (u&n)a (n un %&/u' d& %a#ud.
CIFRAS C'-'a)+6 O6&'a##1 -'+n(+-a# '&d $und+a# d& '&(#u)a$+&n) d& -&'%na#1 '&6 u& &n #a a()ua#+dad > $+# -',&%+na#&% -&'uan% )'a"a*an &n &# &4)'an*&'. S&/;n #% '&%u#)ad% d& %u an5#+%+% %"'& &# $&'(ad $+/'a)'+ d& -',&%+na#&% 2 &*&(u)+6% &n &# &'; 2 &# $und1 d& &%& ))a# K>1 %& &n(u&n)'a &n E%)ad% Un+d%1 > &n E%-a3a1 >@1K &n A'/&n)+na1 >1> &n I)a#+a1 1 &n C!+#&1 @1> &n Ja-9n1 K1 &n V&n&=u&#a 2 &# )' >>1@ &n d+,&'&n)&% -a7%&%. Á#6a' G2&n&(!&a1 /&'&n)& d& E4&(u)+6& S&a'(! d&# C'-'a)+6 O6&'a##1 %&3a#9 ad&$5% u& &n)'& #% &*&(u)+6% -&'uan% u& %& &n(u&n)'an )'a"a*and &n &# &4)'an*&' !a2 +n/&n+&'% >K11 ad$+n+%)'ad'&% d& &$-'&%a% 1?1 (n)ad'&% 11 $8d+(% 1>1 a"/ad% @ 2 &(n$+%)a% K1>0 &n )an) u& una $a2'7a 1 %& u"+(a &n -' d+,&'&n)&% -',&%+n&%. En &# &'; %& !a +$-#&$&n)ad #a D&(+%+9n @1 dand a# (+udadan and+n &# $+%$ )'a) u& a un )'a"a*ad' na(+na#1 # u& %+/n+,+(a u& n &%)5% %u*&) a #a% '&%)'+((+n&% #+$+)a(+n&% u& a-#+(an -a'a )'a"a*ad'&% d& )'a% na(+na#+dad&%. L% (+udadan% and+n% -a'a )'a"a*a' &n &# &';1 ($ (ua#u+&' )' &4)'an*&'1 d&"&'5n -%&&' #a (a#+dad $+/'a)'+a !a"+#+)an)& )'a"a*ad' (u2 )'5$+)& %& '&a#+=a &n #a D+'&((+9n G&n&'a# d& M+/'a(+n&% d&# M+n+%)&'+ d&# In)&'+'.
SITUACIÓN LABORAL DE LOS TRABAJADORES EXTRANJEROS EN PER@ CONTRATACIÓN DE TRABAJADORES EXTRANJEROS OBJETO DE LA CONTRATACIÓN DE PERSONAL EXTRANJERO 31
E# &%-7'+)u d& #a -'&%&n)& n'$a )+&n& -' "*&) u& #a% &$-'&%a% na(+na#&% 2
&4)'an*&'a% %+)uada% &n )&''+)'+ na(+na# (n)'a)&n #% %&'6+(+% d&# -&'%na# &4)'an*&' d&"+d a u& au&##% '&a#+=an una -',&%+9n u ,+(+ u& n+n/;n -&'uan -u&d& '&a#+=a'. Ad&$5% d& &%)+$u#a' &# d&%a''## d& #a +n6&'%+9n -'+6ada &n #% d+6&'%% %&()'&% -'du()+6% 2 d& %&'6+(+%. E# 5$"+) d& a-#+(a(+9n d& #a n'$a %& a-#+(a a #% )'a"a*ad'&% &4)'an*&'%1 &% d&(+'1 au&##% u& -'&%)an %&'6+(+% &n '&#a(+9n d& d&-&nd&n(+a &n un -a7% u& n &% &# %u21 n+ -' na(+$+&n) n+ -' na(+na#+=a(+9n. La (n)'a)a(+9n d& )'a"a*ad'&% &4)'an*&'% &%)5 %u*&)a a# '8/+$&n #a"'a# d& #a a()+6+dad -'+6ada 2 d&"& %&' au)'+=ad -' #a Au)'+dad Ad$+n+%)'a)+6a d& T'a"a*. &' !a2 (+&')% (a%% &n #% u& %& &n(u&n)'a &4(&-)uada #a au)'+=a(+9n u& a(a"a$% d& $&n(+na'1 &%)a% %n: a A# &4)'an*&' (n (9n2u/&1 a%(&nd+&n)&1 d&%(&nd+&n)&%1 !&'$an% -&'uan%. " A# &4)'an*&' (n (a#+dad d& +n$+/'an)& ( A# &4)'an*&' (n (u2 -a7% d& '+/&n &4+%)a (n6&n+ d& '&(+-'(+dad #a"'a# d& d"#& na(+na#+dad. d A# -&'%na# d& &$-'&%a% &4)'an*&'a% d&d+(ada% a# %&'6+(+ +n)&'na(+na# d& )'an%-')& )&''&%)'&1 a8'& a(u5)+( (n "and&'a 2 $a)'7(u#a &4)'an*&'a. & E# -&'%na# &4)'an*&' u&1 &n 6+')ud d& (n6&n+% "+#a)&'a#&% $u#)+#a)&'a#&% (&#&"'ad% -' &# G"+&'n d&# &';1 -'&%)a'& %u% %&'6+(+% &n &# -a7%. , A# -&'%na# &4)'an*&' u& #a"'& &n #a% &$-'&%a%
d& %&'6+(+% "an(%
$u#)+na(+na#&%1 %u*&)% a #a% n'$a% #&/a#&% -a'a &%)% (a%% &%-&(7,+(%. / A# +n6&'%+n+%)a &4)'an*&'1 !a2a n '&nun(+ad a #a &4-')a(+9n d&# (a-+)a# 2 u)+#+dad&% d& %u +n6&'%+9n1 %+&$-'& u& )&n/a un $n) -&'$an&n)& d& +n6&'%+9n du'an)&
31 Convenios *ecíBrocos La(orales Perú
#a 6+/&n(+a d&# (n)'a) n $&n' d& UIT. La (a#+dad d& +n6&'%+n+%)a1 a%7 ($ &# $n) d& #a +n6&'%+9n1 %&'5n a('&d+)ad% (n #a (&')+,+(a(+9n &4-&d+da -' #a C$+%+9n Na(+na# d& In6&'%+n&% 2 T&(n#/7a% E4)'an*&'a% CONITE (n #a 6+%)a d&# L+"' d& R&/+%)' d& T'an%,&'&n(+a% d& A((+n&% a()ua#$&n)& d&n$+nad
-' #a L&2 G&n&'a# d&
S(+&dad&% ($ #+"' d& $a)'7(u#a d& a((+n&% d& #a &$-'&%a &$-'&%a% '&%-&()+6a%. ! L% a')+%)a%1 d&-')+%)a% 2 &n /&n&'a# au&##% u& a();&n &n &%-&()5(u#% -;"#+(% &n &# )&''+)'+ d& #a '&-;"#+(a1 du'an)& un -&'+d $54+$ d& K $&%&% (n%&(u)+6% a#)&'nad% &n &# #a-% d& un a3 (a#&nda'+1 ($-u)ad% d&%d& #a -'+$&'a -'&%)a(+9n d& %&'6+(+%. D& (&#&"'a' &%)% )'a"a*ad'&% (n)'a)% u& %u-&'&n &# -#a= d& K $&%&% an)&% +nd+(ad1 %& %u*&)a'an a #% )'5$+)&% d& (n)'a)a(+9n d& &4)'an*&'%. + L% (n)'a)% d& )'a"a* d& -&'%na# &4)'an*&' +n(u'%% &n #% +n(+%% a1 "1 ( 2 /: * S& '&/+'5n -' #a% $+%$a% n'$a% d& (n)'a)a(+9n a-#+(a"#&% a #% )'a"a*ad'&% -&'uan%. u&d&n (&#&"'a%& (n)'a)% a )+&$- +nd&,+n+d %u*&)% a $da#+dad (n,'$& a #a% '&/#a% &%)a"#&(+da% &n &# TUO d&# D&('&) L&/+%#a)+6 N 1 L&2 d& 'du()+6+dad 2 C$-&)+)+6+dad La"'a#1 a-'"ad $&d+an)& D&('&) Su-'&$ N K?TR. S+ #% (n)'a)% %n
a )+&$- +nd&,+n+d1 d&"&n %&' ,'$a#+=ad% -' &%('+) -a'a %u
-'&%&n)a(+9n an)& #a Au)'+dad M+/'a)'+a1 -a'a ")&n&' #a (a#+dad $+/'a)'+a !a"+#+)an)&. L% d&$5% %u-u&%)% d& &4(&-(+9n %& '&/+'5n -' %u% -'-+a% n'$a%. E# &$-#&ad' d&"&'5 (n%&'6a' &n %u% a'(!+6% #% d(u$&n)% u& a('&d+)&n u& &# )'a"a*ad' %& &n(u&n)'a +n(u'%
&n a#/un d& #% %u-u&%)% d& &4(&-(+9n an)&%
%&3a#ad%1 #% (ua#&% d&"&'5 &n(n)'a'%& a d+%-%+(+9n d& #a Au)'+dad Ad$+n+%)'a)+6a d& T'a"a* &n (a% d& una +n%-&((+9n. E%)5 (#a' u& &4+%)&n #7$+)&% a #a (n)'a)a(+9n d& &4)'an*&'%0 #a n'$a &%)a"#&(& &# (u$-#+$+&n) d& -'(&n)a*&% #+$+)a)+6% &n #a (n)'a)a(+9n d& &4)'an*&'%: L+$+)& &n (uan) a# n;$&' La% &$-'&%a% -d'5n (n)'a)a' -&'%na# &4)'an*&' &n una -'-'(+9n d& !a%)a &# d&# n;$&' ))a# d& %u% )'a"a*ad'&% &$-#&ad% 2 "'&'%1 (n%+d&'ad% &%)% &n ,'$a (n*un)a. L+$+)& &n (uan) a '&$un&'a(+n&%
E# $n) d& #a% '&$un&'a(+n&% d&# -&'%na# &4)'an*&' n -d'5 &4(&d&' &# K ))a# d& #a -#an+##a d& '&$un&'a(+n&% d& #a &$-'&%a.
FOR!ALIDADES DEL CONTRATO E# (n)'a) d& )'a"a* d& -&'%na# &4)'an*&' d&"& %&' (&#&"'ad -' &%('+) 2 a-'"ad% -' #a Au)'+dad Ad$+n+%)'a)+6a d& T'a"a*. Td (n)'a) d& -&'%na# &4)'an*&' d&"&'5 (n)&n&' ($ $7n+$: L% da)% u& +d&n)+,+u&n a# &$-#&ad': n$"'& 'a=9n %(+a# d& #a &$-'&%a1 RUC1 d$+(+#+1 a()+6+dad &(n9$+(a1 ,&(!a d& +n+(+ d& #a a()+6+dad &$-'&%a'+a# & +d&n)+,+(a(+9n d&# '&-'&%&n)an)& #&/a#. L% da)% d&# )'a"a*ad': n$"'&1 #u/a' d& na(+$+&n)1 na(+na#+dad1 %&41 &dad1 &%)ad (+6+#1 d(u$&n) d& +d&n)+dad1 d$+(+#+ 2 -',&%+9n1 ,+(+ &%-&(+a#+dad. L% da)% $7n+$% d& #a (n)'a)a(+9n: d&%('+-(+9n d& #a% #a"'&% u& d&%&$-&3a'a &# (n)'a)ad1 *'nada #a"'a#1 #u/a' dnd& #a"'a'51 '&$un&'a(+9n d+a'+a $&n%ua#1 &n $n&da na(+na# &4)'an*&'a1 "n+,+(a(+n&% 2 "&n&,+(+% ad+(+na#&%1 ,&(!a -'&6+%)a -a'a &# +n+(+ d&# %&'6+(+1 -#a= d&# (n)'a) 2 d&$5% &%)+-u#a(+n&% (n)'a()ua#&%. C#5u%u#a% &%-&(+a#&%: E# (n)'a) d&"& (n)&n&' )'&% (#5u%u#a% &%-&(+a#&% &n #a% u& (n%)&: >. Qu& #a a-'"a(+9n d&# (n)'a) n au)'+=a a +n+(+a' #a -'&%)a(+9n d& %&'6+(+% !a%)a u& n (u&n)& (n #a (a#+dad $+/'a)'+a !a"+#+)an)&1 )'/ada -' #a au)'+dad $+/'a)'+a (''&%-nd+&n)& . E# ($-'$+% d&# &$-#&ad' d& )'an%-')a' a# -&'%na# &4)'an*&' 2 #% $+&$"'% d& %u ,a$+#+a u& &4-'&%a$&n)& %& &%)+-u#&n1 a %u -a7% d& '+/&n a# u& (n6&n/a1 a# &4)+n/u+'%& #a '&#a(+9n (n)'a()ua#. K.E# ($-'$+% d& (a-a(+)a(+9n d&# -&'%na# na(+na# &n #a $+%$a (u-a(+9n d&%a''##ada -' &# -&'%na# &4)'an*&'. Du'a(+9n: L% (n)'a)% d& )'a"a* &4)'an*&'% )&nd'5n una du'a(+9n d&)&'$+nada n $a2' d& )'&% a3%1 -ud+&nd -'''/a'%& %u(&%+6a$&n)& -' -&'7d% u& n &4(&dan d& d+(! -#a=.
La au)'+dad ($-&)&n)&1 a# )'/a' #a 6+%a (''&%-nd+&n)&1 )&nd'5 &n (u&n)a &# -#a= d& du'a(+9n d&# (n)'a).
DE LOS DERECOS Y BENEFICIOS SOCIALES La -'&%)a(+9n d& %&'6+(+% d& #% )'a"a*ad'&% &4)'an*&'% %& &n(u&n)'a %u*&)a a# '8/+$&n #a"'a# ($;n d& #a a()+6+dad -'+6ada. En (n%&(u&n(+a #&% (''&%-nd& #% $+%$% d&'&(!% 2 "&n&,+(+% u& a #% )'a"a*ad'&% na(+na#&% %u*&)% a# $&n(+nad '8/+$&n d&n)' d& #a% #+$+)a(+n&% %&3a#ada%. En n+n/;n (a% #a% '&$un&'a(+n&%1 d&'&(!% 2 "&n&,+(+% d&# -&'%na# &4)'an*&' %&'5n $&n'&% u& #% '&(n(+d% a #% )'a"a*ad'&% %u*&)% a# '8/+$&n #a"'a# d& #a a()+6+dad -'+6ada.
CIFRAS E# n;$&' d& )'a"a*ad'&% &4)'an*&'% u& ##&/an a# -a7%1 &# &*&(u)+6 '&%a#)9 u& &n)'& &# > 2 &# >@ &# -'(&n)a*& d& #% u& +n/'&%a'n a (u"'+' -u&%)% d& )'a"a* a# &'; %& +n('&$&n)9 &n un K ##&/and a '&(+"+' du'an)& &# >@ (a%+ $+# )'a"a*ad'&% ,'5n&%1 d& #% (ua#&% un > ##&/a'n -a'a (u"'+' (a'/% &*&(u)+6%. Du'an)& &# $&% d& *u#+ %& '&/+%)'a'n @1?> $6+$+&n)% $+/'a)'+% d& &n)'ada% d& &4)'an*&'% (n (a#+dad $+/'a)'+a d& )'a"a*ad'1 '&%u#)ad $a2' &n 1 '&%-&() a# $&% d& *u#+ d& >@1 +n,'$9 !2 &# In%)+)u) Na(+na# d& E%)ad7%)+(a & In,'$5)+(a INEI. E%)% &4)'an*&'% -'6+n+&'n d& C#$"+a >.1 E%-a3a >@.?1 C!+#& >@.1 A'/&n)+na ?.>1 B'a%+# .?1 E%)ad% Un+d% 1 E(uad' 1 V&n&=u&#a @.1 B#+6+a K.>1 M84+( .1 G'an B'&)a3a & I)a#+a >.? (ada un1 R&-;"#+(a -u#a' d& C!+na >.1 Canad5 >. 2 d& )'% -a7%&% >>.. E# INEI d+ a (n(&' u& &n *u#+ d& > %& '&-')a'n @>@1@>? $6+$+&n)% $+/'a)'+% d& &n)'ada% d& &4)'an*&'% -' #% d+,&'&n)&% -u&%)% d& (n)'# a n+6&# na(+na#1 (+,'a $a2' &n >>1 '&%-&() a # '&/+%)'ad &n &# $+%$ $&% d& >@. En &%)& (a%1 #% &4)'an*&'% ##&/a'n -'+n(+-a#$&n)& d& C!+#& @.>1 ,#u* '&/+%)'ad $a2'+)a'+a$&n)& &n &# u&%) d& Cn)'# F'n)&'+= d& San)a R%a &n Ta(na0 %&/u+d d& E%)ad% Un+d% >.K1 E(uad' .>1 B#+6+a .?1 B'a%+# @.1 E%-a3a @.@1 C#$"+a @1 ana$5 .1 A'/&n)+na .@ 2 d& )'% -a7%&% .. ' /8n&'1 d&# ))a# d& &4)'an*&'% u& &n)'a'n a# -a7%1 &# .? %n !$"'&% 2 &# @?.> $u*&'&%.
En *u#+ d& >1 &# .@ d& )d% #% $6+$+&n)% d& +n/'&% d& &4)'an*&'% a# -a7% -' &# u&%) d& Cn)'# M+/'a)'+ d&# A&'-u&') In)&'na(+na# J'/& C!56&= ,u&'n 6+%+)an)&% d& E%)ad% Un+d%. Lu&/ ,+/u'a &# .> u& -'6&n7an d& C!+#&1 . d& B'a%+#1 .@ d& E%-a3a1 d& A'/&n)+na1 . d& C#$"+a1 @. d& F'an(+a1 K. d& M84+(1 .? d& G'an B'&)a3a1 . d& A#&$an+a 2 Canad51 (ada un1 .> E(uad'1 I)a#+a1 >1 Ja-9n 2 >1 )'% -a7%&%. <&'; %& !a (n6&')+d &n un d&%)+n $u2 +$-')an)& -a'a (+udadan% d& )da% -a')&% d&# $und u& "u%(an d&%a''##a' %u% (n(+$+&n)% 2 )a#&n)% &n un -a7% %&'+ 2 (n ,u)u'<. En &%& %&n)+d1 &# ,un(+na'+ (n%+d&'9 u& &# )'a"a* d& #% &4)'an*&'%
CONCLUSIONES •
E# d&'&(! #a"'a# D&'&(! d&# )'a"a* &% &# (n*un) d& -'+n(+-+% 2 n'$a% *u'7d+(a% u& '&/u#an #a% '&#a(+n&% &n)'& &$-#&ad'&%1 )'a"a*ad' &%1 #a% a%(+a(+n&% %+nd+(a#&% 2 &# E%)ad. S& &n(a'/a d& n'$a' #a a()+6+dad !u$ana1 #+(+)a. '&%)ada -' un )'a"a*ad' &n '&#a(+9n d& d&-&nd&n(+a a un &$-#&ad' a (a$"+ d& una '&$un&'a(+9n.
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E# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a* )+&n& un -&'7d d& &6#u(+9n !+%)9'+(a u& %& 6a d&%a''##and a # #a'/ d&# -'&%&n)& &%('+)1 -a%and -' #a 8-(a an)+/ua1 &dad $&d+a1 &dad $d&'na 2 (n)&$-'5n&a1 ##&/and a A$8'+(a 2 ($-a'and %u &6#u(+9n (n '&%-&() a #a% an)+/ua% -)&n(+a% &u'-&a%1 &n dnd& %& "%&'6a $a2' &6#u(+9n d& #a% n'$a% &n A$8'+(a La)+na (n '&%-&() a #% -a7%&% &u'-&%. E% %+n duda un -un) +$-')an)& d& an5#+%+% &# d+na$+%$ (n u& &# )'a"a* %& !a &n,'&n)ad a #% %+&$-'& du'% a6a)a'&% d&# )+&$-0 2 &% %+n duda $8'+) -'-+ -a'a &# d&'&(! #a"'a# &# !a"&' #/'ad una &6#u(+9n )an n)'+a 2
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d&%#u$"'an)& ' u#)+$ )&n&$% u& (n(#u+' '&,+'+8ndn% a #a %+)ua(+9n d& #% -&'uan% 2 &n &# &4)'an*&' 2 6+(&6&'%a '&%-&() a #a% (nd+(+n&% d& )'a"a*1 2 &# /'u- &n)+&nd& &n)n(&% u& $5% a##5 d& #a% n'$a% na(+na#&% %&a (ua# %&a &# (a% %& -'&%&'6an n'$a% %u-'&$a% d+()ada% -' &# OIT 2 &n %&n)+d &%)'+() &# '&%-&) a #% d&'&(! !u$an%1 a#/ u& %+n duda a#/una 6a $5% a##5 d& #a %u-'&$a(7a n'$a)+6a d& (ua#u+&' &%)ad 2 %+ "+&n &% (+&') &% -#7)+(a na(+na# un &$-#&
-'+'+)a'+ -a'a #% (nna(+na#&% n %& -u&d& d&n+/'a' n &%(#a6+=a' &# )'a"a* &4)'an*&' 2 6+(&6&'%a %&/;n %&a &# (a%.
ANLISIS CRTICO T'a% &%)& "'&6& )'a"a* da$% ($ ('+)+(a #a -'&%&n)a(+9n d& una -'"#&$5)+(a u& a,&()a %&'+a$&n)& a #% -&'uan% 2 &% d& +n)&'8% na(+na#1 &# (ua# %& +n,+&'& +nd+'&()a$&n)& d& &%)& )'a"a* $&n(+nad. E# d&%&$-#& u& %+ "+&n &% (+&') n &%)5 &4-'&%a$&n)& &n &# )'a"a*1 %& +n,+&'& )'a% #a %+)ua(+9n -'&(a'+a -' #a u& a)'a6+&%an #a $a2'7a d& #% -&'uan% d&n)' d&# -a7% u& #% +$-u#%a a )&n&' u& &$+/'a' &n "u%(a d& $&*'&% -')un+dad&%1 2 6+(&6&'%a &n &# /'an -'(&n)a*& d& $+/'a(+n&% -' )'a"a* &n )d &# /#"1 %& d&"& &n /'an $&d+da a# d&%&$-#& #a ,a#)a d& -')un+dad&% 2 una -#7)+(a d& +n6&'%+9n a #a /&n&'a(+9n d& -u&%)% d& )'a"a* -au-8''+$a. E# Ban( C&n)'a# d& R&%&'6a d&# &'; BCR -'&%&n)9 #% '&%u#)ad% d& #a En(u&%)a &'$an&n)& d& E$-#& (n +n,'$a(+9n a *u#+ d&# >1 '&a#+=ada -' &# In%)+)u) Na(+na# d& E%)ad7%)+(a & In,'$5)+(a INEI1 dnd& %& '&6&#a u& #a )a%a d& d&%&$-#&1 u& $+d& #a '&#a(+9n d& -&'%na% d&%(u-ada% &n)'& #a% -&'%na% &(n9$+(a$&n)& a()+6a% EA1 &n &# ;#)+$ $&% au$&n)9 2 %& u"+(9 &n .. E%)& '&%u#)ad %& d+ d&%-u8% d& !a"&' ")&n+d &n *un+ #a )a%a $5% "a*a &n # u& 6a d&# a3 .@. La EA d+%$+nu29 . d& *un+ a *u#+ 2 a#(an=9 un ))a# d& @.? $+##n&% d& -&'%na%0 $+&n)'a% u& #% d&%&$-#&ad% au$&n)a'n &n >.K ##&/and a K>1 -&'%na%. La )a%a d& d&%&$-#& au$&n)9 )an) &n !$"'&% ($ &n $u*&'&%1 -&' &# $a2' ('&(+$+&n) %& "%&'69 &n &# -'+$&' /'u-0 %+n &$"a'/1 a # #a'/ d&# a3 %& !a "%&'6ad u& &%)a )a%a &% $a2' -a'a &# %&/und /'u-1 # u& u+&'& d&(+' &n )8'$+n% '&#a)+6% u& !a2 $5% $u*&'&% "u%(and )'a"a* %+n -d&' +n%&')a'%& &n &# $&'(ad #a"'a#. ' )' #ad1 %&/;n #% /'u-% d& &dad1 #a% -&'%na% d& >@ a @ a3% $&*'a'n %u %+)ua(+9n #a"'a#1 -&' #a )a%a d& d&%&$-#& d& &%)& /'u- %+/u& %+&nd #a $5% a#)a >K.0 $+&n)'a% u& #% /'u-% d& a @@ a3% 2 d& @ a $5% au$&n)a'n %u 7nd+(& d& d&%&$-#&
BIBLIOGRAFA
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Cn%)+)u(+9n #7)+(a d&# &'; >??K. Ju'+%)a Ed+)'&%. L+$a&'; N86&= Mu*+(a1 Ja6+&'. In)'du((+9n a# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. Ed+)'+a# ARA EDITORES1 L+$a&'; >?? E'$+da U'+a')&1 O%(a'. D&'&(! La"'a#. Mn)&6+d&. EDICIONES JURWDICAS AMALIO M. FERNÁNDEZ. >?>. San/u+n&))+ Ra+$nd+. L% Cn)'a)% d& )'a"a* d& du'a(+9n d&)&'$+nada. EDITORIAL ARA ERX. >???. R&nd9n V5%u&=1 J'/&. D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. T&'7a G&n&'a# >. S&/unda Ed+(+9n. EDITORIAL JURWDICA GRIJLEY. Ma')7n V&#a'd&1 An)n+. Cn(u''&n(+a 2 a')+(u#a(+9n d& N'$a% La"'a#&%. REVISTA DE OLWTICA SOCIAL. Mad'+d >?. N8%)' D& Bu&n1 D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*1 '';aM84+(. >? R&nd9n V5%u&=1 J'/&. D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. R&#a(+n&% Ind+6+dua#&%. EDITORIAL TARQUIEU. L+$a&';. >??. O*&da A6+#&%1 An)n+. E# '+n(+-+ d& Cnd+(+9n $5% "&n&,+(+%a. R&6+%)a d& #7)+(a S(+a#. Mad'+d. >? L&2 O'/5n+(a d&# T'a"a* Mn)2a M&#/a' A#,'&d. D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. Mad'+dE%-a3a. EDITORIAL TECNOS Ru"+ C''&a1 Ma'(+a#. E# S+%)&$a Ju'7d+(. In)'du((+9n a# D&'&(!. L+$a&';. n)+,+(+a Un+6&'%+dad Ca)9#+(a d&# &';. FONDO EDITORIAL >?@. Ga'(7a Manu&# A#n%. D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. EDITORIAL DE ALMAS >?? #a Rd'7/u&=1 A$8'+(. L% '+n(+-+% d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. Bu&n% A+'&% A'/&n)+na. EDICIONES DEALMA. >? ')%(!+n Edua'd. T&nd&n(+a% A()ua#&% d&# D&'&(! d&# T'a"a*. Bu&n% A+'&% A'/&n)+na. EDITORIAL EJEA.>?? G9$&= Va#d8=1 F'an(+%(. R&#a(+n&% Ind+6+dua#&% d&# T'a"a*. EDITORIAL SAN MARCOS. L+$a&';. >??
