GERUND AND INFINITIVE -
GERUND. it is used: o
As the subject of a sentence: Reading helps you improve your English
o
After pr epositions epositions and phrasal verbs. He’s thinking about learning English
o
After some verbs and expressions expressions:
ADMIT APPRECIATE AVOID BEGIN
DENY DETEST DISCUSS DISLIKE
FINISH FORGIVE HATE IMAGINE
CAN’T HELP
DON’T MIND
IT’S NO WORTH
CAN’T STAND CONSIDER CONTINUE DELAY
ENCOURAGE ENJOY FANCY
INVOLVE KEEP LIKE LOVE
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FEEL
LOOK FORWARD TO MENTION MIND MISS NEED (passive meaning) PERMIT POSPONE PRACTICE PREFER
RECOMMEND RESIST RISK START SUGGEST TOLERATE UNDERSTAND
INFINITIVE WITH “TO”: It is used: o
After adjectives: adjectives: It’s very easy to use it.
o
After TO to express purpose: I went to London to improve my English.
o
After a question word: word: I don’t know where to buy it.
o
With TOO and ENOUGH: ENOUGH: It’s too cold to go out. She’s young enough to stay up late
o
After some verbs: verbs: I want to learn English
AFFORD AGREE APPEAR ARRANGE
CONTINUE DECIDE DEMAND DESERVE
HOPE INTEND LEARN MANAGE
ASK BEGIN CLAIM CARE CHOOSE
EXPECT
MEAN NEED OFFER PLAN PREPARE
FAIL FINISH HAPPEN HESITATE
o
PRETEND PROMISE PROPOSE REFUSE SEEM
WAIT WANT WISH WOULD LIKE WOULD LOVE
START SWEAR TEND THREATEN
WOULD HATE WOULD PREFER
With some verbs which are followed by an object: object : I want (quiero que tú estudies inglés”) V
you to study English OBJ.
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INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”: It is used: o
After After modal modal verbs, verbs, HAD BETTER BETTER,, HAD SOONER SOONER,, HAD RATHER RATHER AND WOULD WOULD RATHER: I must leave know. I’d rather go.
o
After MAKE and LET when they are followed by a complement My parents don’t let me go to the party
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VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND AND INFINITIVE WITHOUT A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING: BEGIN, BOTHER, CAN'T BEAR, CONTINUE, HATE, LIKE, LOVE, PREFER, START. *HATE, LIKE, LOVE, PREFER, are followed only by the INFINITIVE when they are
used in the cond condit itio iona nall tens tense. e. Ex I would hate to work in an office all day long. Would you prefer to go to the theatre? .
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VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND AND INFINITIVE WITHOUT A DIFFERENCE IN MEANING:
o
REMEMBER: something)
She remember remembered ed switchin switching g off the light. light. (Remember to have done
Please, remember to phone me. me. (Don’t forget to do something)
o
FORGET:
She forgot telling me a lie. ( Forget Forget you have done something) Don’t forget to phone me. me. (Remember)
o
REGRET:
I regret being late. late. (I’m sorry for something I did) I regret to tell you this. this. (I’m sorry to tell you something)
o
STOP:
I stopped eating fast food. ( Finish an activity) I stopped to have lunch. lunch . (Finish an activity to do another one)
o
TRY:
Try pressing the red bottom. bottom. ( Do something as a test or experiment) I tried to finish f inish the exercises. exercises. (Make an effort)
o
GO ON:
He went on working for 5 hours. hours . ( Continue doing the same thing) After studying English, she went on to study French. French . (Do something new)
o
MEAN:
Having a bad chest means going without cigarettes. (Involves). I meant to bring you a couple of your textbooks. (Intend, have the intention)
ALLOW and PERMIT:
o
Followed by gerund: gerund: when a person or persons are not mentioned. I don't allow smoking in the classroom
•
Followed by infinitive: when a person or persons are mentioned. I don't I don't allow my students to smoke in the classroom.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES PUTTING THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM.
1.
The kids are looking forward to (eat)__________________ (eat)__________________ an ice-cream.
2.
Mary wanted wanted (go) (go) ________ ____________ ______ __ to to the the cinema. cinema.
3.
After (have) ____________ ___________________ _______ breakfast, he went went to to work on foot. foot.
4.
Mary is is used to (get (get up) up) ______________ _________________early ___early because of her job.
5.
I have have never learnt learnt (cook) (cook) _____ _________ ________ _____. _.
6.
It’s no use (go) _____________to _____________to that shop. It’s very expensive.
7.
Jane can’t afford (buy) _______________ _______________ a new car.
8.
She decided decided (buy) ______________that ______________that T-shirt because it was very cheap.
9.
He admitted (not do) ________________ his homework.
10. I can’t help (be) _________________ _________________ worried about him.
11. I am very proud of of (be) _______________an _______________an English English teacher. teacher. 12. I don’t mind (live) __________________ __________________ in a small village. 13. My father asked me (buy) (buy) _______________ _______________ some bread on the the way home. 14. When he finished finished (do) _______________ _________________ __ his homework, he went to to bed. 15. Do you fancy (go) (go) _____________ _____________ to to the cinema cinema tomorrow? 16. She started (work) ___________ ___________ as a nurse when she was 22 years old. 17. We don’t allow (smoke) ______________ ______________ at school. 18. When I was a child I used (play) ____________ ____________ tennis.
19. Our teacher teacher wants us (study) _______________ _______________ very hard. 20. Peter wants (learn) (learn) _______________ _______________ to play golf. golf. 21. Before (go) ____________ ____________ home, I had done the the shopping. 22. They can’t get used to (live) _____________ _____________ in a big big town. 23. They refused (go) ______________ ______________ to the cinema because because they were very tired. 24. I’m looking forward forward to (visit) (visit) _____________ _____________ London. 25. My mother advised me (go) ______________ ______________ to the doctor. 26. (smoke)______________ (smoke)______________ is bad for your health. 27. It started (rain) _______________ _______________ before lunch lunch time. 28. After (have) ______________ ______________ lunch they went to to have a cup of coffee. coffee. 29. Sam is good at (learn) _____________ ______________ _ languages. languages.
30. Peter decided (study) (study) ______________ ______________ hard to to pass his exams. 31. After (have a shower) ____________ ____________________ ________ , I usually have breakfast. 32. It’s no use (worry) ____________ ____________ about about it. 33. I’ve always dreamt of (be) _____________ _____________ a famous painter. painter. 34. I don’t mind (go) _____________ ______________ _ for a walk when it’s it’s raining. 35. Did Mary remember remember (send) _____________ _____________ the e-mails? 36. Peter suggested suggested (go) _______________ _______________ to the the cinema. 37. It was nice (have) _____________ _______________ __ coffee with you last last week. 38. Please, stop stop (smoke) ________________ ________________ 39. I spent the whole weekend (study) ____________ ______________ __ English and Maths. 40. My hair needs (dye) ___________ ___________ so I need (go) __________ __________ to the hairdresser. 41.
The children children stopped stopped (talk) (talk) _____________ _____________ and listened listened to the teacher. teacher.
42. Did you remember (post) ____________ ____________ the letter I gave gave you yesterday? 43. Peter and Mary (make) (make) _________________ _________________ a sandcastle sandcastle but it was impossible. impossible. 44. I regret (fail) __________ __________ my driving driving test. 45. What about (go) _____________ ________________ ___ to the theatre theatre tomorrow? 46. Nobody wants (go) __________ __________ out because it’s raining heavily. heavily. 47. (Read) ____________books ____________books is good for you because you can learn a lot of things. KEY:
1. EATI EATING NG
11. BEING BEING
17. TO SMOKE
2. TO GO
12. LIVING
18. TO PLAY PLAY
3. HAVI HAVING NG
13. TO BUY
19. TO STUDY
4. GE GETTI TTING NG UP
14. DOOING
20. TO LEARN
5. TO COOK COOK
15. GOING
21. GOING
6. GO GOIN ING G
16. TO WORK WORK
22. LIVING
7. TO BUY BUY
23. TO GO
8. TO BUY BUY
24. VISITING
9. NOT NOT DOING DOING
25. TO GO
10. BEING
26. SMOKING
27. TO RAIN
33. BEING
41. TALKING
28. HAVING
34. GOING
42. TO POST
29. LEARNING
35. TO SEND
43. TO MAKE
30. TO STUDY
36. GOING
44. FAILING
31. HAVING A SHOWER
37. TO HAVE
45. GOING
32. WORRYING
38. SMOKING
46. TO GO
39. STUDYING
47. READING
40. DOING/TO GO
A. REWRITE
THE SENTENCES INTO THE PASSIVE.
1. The children broke the window while they were playing football.
___________________________________________________________ 2.
They had searched every room before they found the stolen painting. _______________________ ___________________________________ ________________________ ______________________ __________
3.
The estate agent showed Pam and Bill the old cottage.
__________________________________________________________ 4.
If they hadn’t tried to run away, the dog wouldn’t have chased them.
__________________________________________________________ 5.
They will probably ask you to do a written test too.
__________________________________________________________ 6.
An international film has offered Kim a job in Vienna.
__________________________________________________________
B.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE DIFFERENT TENSES.
1.
We didn’t go to the party. We (not invite)______________
2.
I can’t use my office at the moment. It (paint) ________________
3.
This bridge (build)_____________ for two years now.
4.
A favtory is a place where things (make) ______________
5.
I have never seen these flowers before. What (they/call)____________________? (they/call)____________________?
6.
Some trees (blow) ________________ down in the storm last night.
7.
Credit cards (accept) ________________ ________________ in every shop in the shopping centre.
8.
I (give) ________________ a lift to the airport yesterday.
9.
Rome (not build) _______________ in a day.
10. This shawl must (make) ________________ ________________ of silk; it’s i t’s very soft.
KEY:
A: 1.
The window window was broken broken while while the childr children en were were playin playingg footba football. ll.
2.
Every Every room room had been been search searched ed before before the painti painting ng was found. found. 3.
Pam and and Bill Bill were were shown shown the the old cottage cottage by the estate estate agent. agent. The The old cottage cottage was was shown shown to Pam and and Bill by the estate agent.
4.
If they hadn’t tried tried to run away, they wouldn’t wouldn’t have been chased chased by the dog.
5.
You will will be probab probably ly asked asked to do a writte writtenn test. test. 6.
Kim has been offered a job in Vienna by an international firm. / A jobin Vienna has been offered to Kim by an international firm.
B: 1. Weren’ Weren’t invite invited d
6. Were Were blown blown
2. Is being painted painted
7. Are accept accepted ed
3. Has been been built built
8. Was Was give given n
4. Are Are made made
9. Wasn’t Wasn’t built built
5. Are they called? called?
10. Be made
