TO-INFINITVE OR GERUND? To-infinitive or gerund (verb+ing)? It is important to know how to choose between the to-infinitive and the gerund of gerund of the verb. Change the verbs below to the appropriate form. 1.
I enjoy going going to strange places.
I plan to go around the world .
I‟m worried about losing losing my my money.
4.
5.
2.
Staying Staying in in hotels is exciting.
3.
6.
Use gerund Use gerund
It‟s important to go with someone.
I like visiting visiting / to visit
Use the to-infinitive
1. After certain verbs
1.
After certain verbs
2. After expressions followed by prepositions and phrasal verbs
2.
After certain adjectives
3. When a verb is used as the subject
of the sentence
Use the gerund or the to infinitive ___________________ ___________________
1. After certain verbs (like, love, hate)
PRACTICE Read the letter and underline the correct verb form.
VERB PATTERNS
PRACTICE Complete the following text with the gerund or to-infinitive form of the verbs in parentheses. “I‟ll have a Big Mac, a large fries and a medium soda.” The language may change, but you can expect to hear (hear) this order in more than 100 countries all over the world. Fast food has become almost synonymous with McDonald‟s, the best known of all multinational fast -food restaurant chains. At the moment, Antarctica is the only continent that doesn‟t (yet!) have a McDonald‟s. And the numbers keep growing (grow). In the United States alone, most McDonald‟s customers need to travel (travel) less than four minutes to arrive at the next golden arch. Dining (dine) on fast food has become a way of life for millions and millions of people, from Illinois, U.S.A. (the first McDonald‟s location) to Colombo, Sri Lanka (a more recent opening). What is it about eating (eat) on the run that so many people find appealing? Of course, the most obvious answer is that, true to its name, fast food is fast. In today‟s hectic society, people don‟t want to waste (waste) time. But apart from the speed of ordering (order) and getting (get) served, satisfied customers talk about convenience, price, and, yes, even good taste. Many people also like the familiarity and reliability that fast-food chains provide. You can be sure of getting (get) the same thing every time, every place.
To-infinitive or gerund? Underline the verb form which you need to use.. 1. 2. 3. 4.
when the verb is the subject after prepositions after certain adjectives (such as easy and important ) after phrasal verbs
gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive
A fter the verbs 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
Recommend Warn Would like Enjoy Love Plan Advise Start Finish Can’t stand
Stop Keep Hope Need Ask Require
gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive gerund / to-infinitive
Food for thought Complete the statements with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the bar graph to find the number of calori es .
1.
____Ordering_____ (order) a Big Mac will „cost‟ you about ___560 ___ calories.
2.
Having (have) a Taco Bell is much less fattening. It has only about 200 calories.
3.
If you want to lose (lose) weight, you should probably avoid eating (eat) an Arny‟s giant roast beef sandwich. It contains around 550 calories.
4.
You‟re likely to gain (gain) weight if you eat half of a medium pepperoni pizza. A single slice at Pizza Hut has about 700 calories.
5.
Stop consuming (consume) so many french fries! An order at Wendy‟s contains about 300 calories.
6.
Think about choosing (choose) an eggroll instead of fries. Leeann Chin‟s has just a little over 200 calories.
7.
Nutritionists advise people to stay away (stay away) from fried chicken. A two-piece order at KFC‟s contains about 650 calories.
MATCHING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
It‟s danger ous.. f It‟s easy.. i It‟s impolite.. a h It‟s wrong.. It‟s a good idea.. c It‟s very difficult.. b/e It‟s a bad idea.. d It takes a lot of time..e/b It‟s fun.. g
a. ..to interrupt when someone is talking. b. ..to finish doing the grammar exercises. c. ..to encourage students to use a dictionary. d. ..to put off doing things all the time. e. ..to give up smoking. f. ..to walk alone late at night. g. ..to visit new places. h. ..to ask someone to lie for you. i. ..to forget new words.
PRACTICE Complete the sentences with to-infinitive forms of appropriate verbs. 1.
I was glad to get a letter from you.
2.
I was relieved to find out that I had passed the exam.
3.
Sue is lucky to be alive after the accident.
4.
The soldiers were prepared to die .
5.
The children are anxious to go to the circus.
6.
Dick didn‟t feel like going anywhere. He was content to stay home and read a book.
7.
The teacher is always willing to help us.
8.
The students are motivated to study English.
9.
Be careful not to run on the icy sidewalks!
10. Tom was hesitant to go/walk home alone on the dark street. 11. Sall is afraid to stay home alone. 12. Ann is proud to be the top student in her class. 13. I was surprised to see Mr. Yamamoto at the meeting. 14. We were sorry to hear the bad news.
Verbs that can be followed by either t o-infinitive or gerund, with a change of meaning. Some verbs can be followed by to-infinitive or gerund, but there is a change in meaning. Complete the rules by circling the correct word in bold font italics. We use remember or forget + gerund when we remember or forget something before/after we do it. (it’s a memory) Example: I remember going (go) to Lima and I’ll never forget seeing (see) it.
We use remember or forget + to-infinitive When we remember or forget something before/after we have to do it. (its a duty/something you have to do) Example: I remembered to go (go) to Lima to get my visa done - I didn’t forget to do (do) it!
We use regret + gerund to say we regret something we have already
We use regret + to-infinitive To say we regret something we have already
done/we have to do now.
done/we have to do now.
Example: I regret spending (spend) all my money.
Example: I regret to tell (tell) you that I can’t come.
We use try + g erund/to-infinitive to mean „make an experiment‟ – do something and try different methods to see what happens. Example: I couldn’t sleep so I tried reading (read)
We use try + g erund/to-infinitive To mean „make an effort‟ – see if you can do something. Example: I tried to sleep (sleep) but it was too noisy.
We use stop + gerund We use stop + to-infinitive to talk about s omething we do before we stop/ to talk about s omething we do before we stop/
why we s top.
why we s top.
Example: I’m a vegetarian. I stopped eating (eat) meat 2 years ago.
Example: After working for 2 hours, I stopped to have (have) lunch.
PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the correct form(s) of the verbs in parentheses.
1.
I always remember (turn) to turn off all the lights before I leave my house.
2.
I can remember (be) being very proud and happy when I graduated.
3.
Did you remember (give) to give Jake my message?
4.
I remember (play) playing with dolls when I was a child.
5.
What do you remember (do) to do before you leave for class every day?
6.
What did you forget (do) to do before you left for class this morning?
7.
I‟ll never forget (carry) carrying my wife over the threshold.
8.
I can‟t ever forget (watch) watching our team score the winning goal in the last seconds of the game to capture the national championship.
9.
Don‟t forget (do) to do your homework tonight!
10. I regret (inform) informing you that your loan application wasn‟t approved. 11. I regret (listen, not) not listening to my father‟s advice. He was right. 12. When a student asks a question, the teacher always tries (explain) to explain clearly.
