Gerardo Bravo Vargas - Vocabulario Náhuatl del Maguey y el Pulque

YFLMHWAMXCF YFLMHWA MXCF NÍDW NÍDWM MZA JGA EMOWGS S GA PWA]WG

Ogrmrjf Hrmvf Ymroms Ymroms

YFLMHWAMXCF YFLMHWA MXCF NÍDW NÍDWM MZA JGA EMOWGS S GA PWA]WG

Ogrmrjf Hrmvf Ymroms Ymroms

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Ga emougy; jgnfecnmjf pfr Kfsgpd jg Mlfstm lfef ga írhfa jg ams emrmvcaams y lmtmafomjf lfef oãngrf gn =?7< pfr ga nmturmacstm suglf Lmra Yfn Acngf lfef momvg qug sconc﬍lm mjecrmhag f nfhag, gs gigltcvmegntg unm pamntm mjecrmhag jg am qug sg fhtcgngn emrmvcaams, scgnjf unm jg gaams afs nuegrfsfs vflmhafs nídumta y ftfecgs gepagmjfs gn ga mprfvgldmecgntf jga emougy y ga puaqug. Am ﬍nmacjmj jga prgsgnt prgsgntgg trmhmkf gs rguncr gn sus píocnms afs nuegrfsfs vflmhafs gepagmjfs gn ga mprfvgldmecgntf jga emougy y am prfjullcün jga puaqug gn ga matcpamnf lgntrma egxclmnf, cnlauygnjf maounms gspglcgs jg ﬈frm y imunm msflcmjms jcrgltmegntg lfn usfs f agygnjms, scgnjf afs tãrecnfs rguncjfs egjcmntg trmhmkf trmhmkf jg lmepf jgsjg ﬍nmags jg 8003 gn am zfnm jga matcpamnf lgntrma egxclmnf gntrg afs gstmjfs jg Eãxclf g Dcjmaof, qug gs egkfr lfnflcjm lfef Afs aamnfs jg Mpm Mpmn. n. \c hcgn ga aãxclf gepagmjf gn am rgocün lfnstctuyg pfr sc sfaf un tgem jg gstujcf eís gxtgnsf, gstm fhrm lfntgepam ûnclmegntg ams pmamhrms nídumta y ftfeå pfr lfnscjgrmraf un tgem qug nfs pgrectg prfiunjczmr gn nugstrms rmålgs dcstürclms, am prgsgrvmlcün jg agnoumkg cnjåognm gn rcgsof jg jgsmpmrglgr y sgr mjgeís un tgem hmstmntg rclf pmrm su mníacscs -gstf gs ym jg emngrm pgrsfnma-. p grsfnma-. Jg cntgrãs m afs gstujcfsfs gs am ifremlcün jg euldfs tãrecnfs lfn ams rmålgs egta y fltac rgspgltcvmegntg, qug iugrfn afs nfehrgs qug fstgntmrfn gn am mntcougjmj ga

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emougy y ga puaqug, gs hcgn smhcjf y nf sgrí tgem jg jcsluscün gn gstm fhrm am gtcefafoåm jg emougy luyf frcogn pfjgefs rmstrgmr gn Ams Mntcaams, nf mså ga tãrecnf puaqug, jga luma suogrcefs un lamrf frcogn nídumta munqug jg prflgjgnlcm un tmntf fslurm. \c hcgn gs prfhmhag qug gxcstmn tãrecnfs qug nf sg gnlugntrgn rgocstrmjfs gn ga prgsgntg trmhmkf, vmag am pgnm jgstmlmr qug tfjfs gstfs sg lftgkmrfn lfn ftrfs vflmhuamrcfs, pfr af luma lfnscjgrf am prgsgntg fhrm unm iugntg jg lfnsuatm cnjcspgnsmhag pmrm rgamlcfnmrsg lfn tãrecnfs m afs qug nf sugagn gstmr mlfstuehrmjfs prfpcfs y gxtrmýfs jg am rgocün. Ga prgsgntg vflmhuamrcf lfntcgng jg emngrm maimhãtclm ams vflgs rgocstrmjms rgocstrmjms lfn lfn rmålgs rmålgs nídumta nídumta y ftfeå, ftfeå, lfaflmnjf unm gxpaclmlcün jga frcogn jg am pmamhrm, su usf y jg sgr sg r pfschag, jcsluscfngs gn tfrnf m su sconc﬍lmjf. s conc﬍lmjf.

Ogrmrjf Hrmvf Ymroms Ymroms Fltuhrg jg 80=:

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• OGXMXJF HXMYF YMXOM\ •

•M• Mlflftg; (nídumta). Gspglcg jg lmamhmzm luym ifrem mamromjm lmrmltgråstclm pgrectg su usf pmrm am gxtrmllcün jga moumecga. Pmrm su gepagf, unm vgz sglm sg rgtcrmn ams sgecaams pfr am pmrtg cnigrcfr, jfnjg gs lfaflmjf un lugrnf jg rgs qug sg jgnfecnm aamvg, ma ftrf gxtrgef sg dmlg un pgqugýf frc﬍lcf jfnjg ga tamldcqugrf sullcfnm mcrg pmrm lrgmr un vmlåf qug pgrectg ga maemlgnmecgntf jga aåqucjf jgpfsctmjf gn ga lmkgtg jga emougy. Efacnm egnlcfnm am pmamhrm mlflftac y trmjulg; ygrum qug pmrglg pmr glg dcnf dcnfkf kf f mugngn mugngnlcm lcm pmr pmrm m mlmr ecga jg afs emougyg emougygss. Am pmamhrm jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs mta - moum y lflftac, trmjulcjm pfr Efacnm lfef omrougrf2 \ceãfn, Efacnm y \mdmoûn lfcnlcjgn gn ga tãrecnf lflftac lfef omromntm2 scn gehmrof, nf jghgefs tfemraf jg emngrm actgrma scnf gn ga sgntcjf jg tuhf f maemlãn jg aåqucjf aåqucjf.. =<

• YFLMHWAMXCF NÍDWMZA JGA EMOWGS S GA PWA]WG •

Megzftmr; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm mså ma emougy qug sg sglm f lfecgnzm m sglmrsg. Am trmjullcün gs ‑emougy qug sg dmlg vcgkf―, gn gspmýfa ga su﬍kf m cnjclm maounms vglgs ‑tfemr ifrem jg― f hcgn ‑dmlgrsg―, am pmamhrm egzftg pfr ftrf amjf jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs nídumta egta -emougy -emougy y zfta -lfsm -lfsm vcgkm, emougy vcgkf. u n tgkcjf Mpmldg; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm m un mlfaldmjf jg cxtag qug sg lfaflm sfhrg ga afef jg afs hurrfs hmkf ga iustg pmrm ifremr afs mpmrgkfs, jfnjg pfstgrcfregntg pfstgrcfregntg sg lmrom ma mncema lfn jcvgrsfs prfjultfs, gntrg gaafs ams lmstmýms lfn moumecga. Am pmamhrm gs scn jujm nídumta, scn gehmrof nf rgocstrm gstm vfz Efacn Efacnm, m, \ceãfn \ceãfn f \mdmoûn2 pmrglg jgrcvmr jg pmxtac qug sconc﬍lm luhrcr maounm lfsm, prfhmhagegntg tampmxtac, qug sconc﬍lmråm ‑luhcgrtm jg maof―.

Mymtg; (nídumta). Zgkcjf jg cxtag jg lfnigllcün sgnlcaam gepagmjf pmrm afs eís jcvgrsfs usfs. \ugag utcaczmrsg lfef lfamjfr, pmrm lmrom, gtl. Jgrcvm jg am vfz nídumta mymta qug Efacnm y \mdmoûn rgocstrmn lfef emntm jgaomjm jg maofjfn, f jg emougc. Myftglf; (nídumta). Ymrcmntg jg emougy luatcvmjm gn am zfnm2 munqug gs jg hmkm lmacjmj ga moumecga, gs vmafrmjf ga lfrtf tcgepf qug tmrjm gn prfjulcraf. Myfta yftamn mn-Auomr jg Gs frcocnmrcf jg Myftam, Eãxclf, jg M tfrtuoms y ga ogntcaclcf tglmta . Mtglfemtmjf; (nídumta). Zãlnclm jg rmspmjf jga lmkgtg jga emougy lfnscstgntg gn jmr unm ifrem af eís pmrglcjm m am hmsg jg unm faam. Jgrcvm jg am vfz tglfemtg-faam rgjfnjm y ga su﬍kf m-tfemr ifrem jg2 ‑tfemr ifrem jg faam rgjfnjm―.

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•H• trfnlf jga emougy. emougy. \g Hcnouc; (ftfeå). Hghcjm gxtrmcjm jga trfnlf prfjulg msmnjf am pcým gn un dfrnf jg hmrhmlfm, sg emldmlm y sg igregntm, rgmaczmnjf ga prflgsf gn un rglcpcgntg lfn puaqug. Am pmamhrm gs un dåhrcjf lmstgaamnf-ftfeå qug cnjclm ga prfhmhag frcogn jg gstm hghcjm2 jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs hcnf vcnf y nouc-kuof, ‑ku ‑kuof-v of-vcnf cnf――.

Hcnomrrftg; (ftfeå). Hghcjm prfjulcjm m pmrtcr jg am jgstcamlcün jga hcnouc. Gn am rgocün ga hcnomrrftg sg fhtcgng jga lflcecgntf jg pgnlms jg emougy. emougy. Prfhmhagegntg Prfhmhage gntg am pmamhrm sg jgrcvm jg un jgspgltcvf jgspg ltcvf dmlcm ga hcnouc, sgýmamnjf mså qug gs un u n prfjultf jg egnfr lmacjmj.

=7


•L• Lmkgtg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg am dfqugjmj rgmaczmjm gn ga lgntrf jga emougy pmrm am prfjullcün jg moumecga, scgnjf gn gaam jfnjg emnm ga ngltmr nglt mr.. Am dfqugjmj gs tmehcãn gepagmjm gn lcgrtm tãlnclm pmrm am prfjullcün jg puaqug, am luma rglchg ga nfehrg jg pgrrf f pgrrctf. \g jgnfecnm tmehcãn m un rglcpcgntg jg ifrem lünlmvm jg usfs eûatcpags ogngrmaegntg dgldm jg paístclf, egtma f hmrrf. Jgrcvm jg am pmamhrm nídumta lmxcta , qug Efacnm y \mdmoûn rgocstrmn lfef gslujcaam, unm gspglcg jg pamt pamtff dfnjf jfnjg sg jgpfsctmhmn jgp fsctmhmn macegntfs. Lmapmngråm; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg ga lfnkuntf jg ldfzms jfnjg dmhctmn afs pgfngs f trmhmkmjfrgs jg unm dmlcgnjm f rmnldf. Jgrcvm jg lmapmn-lmsgråf y -gråm, su﬍kf mhunjmnlcma. =9


Lmapcxqug; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm ma emyfrjfef jg am ﬍nlm. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs nídumta lmaac-lmsm y pcxquc-oumrjcín2 ‑Ga qug oumrjm am lmsm―. Ldmldmdumtg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg lcgrtf tcpf jg rfgjfr qug vcvg gn ams emougygrms, gs un rmtü rmtün n pgqugýf, jg lfafr orcs lamrf, vcgntrg hamnlf y dflclf prfecngntg. Gxcstg am lrggnlcm gntrg pfhamjfrgs jga matcpamnf qug gstg gnsgýü m fhtgngr ga moumecga jg afs emougygs, ym qug dmlg pgqugýfs frc﬍lcfs gn ga emougy prüxcefs ma egzfntgtg, sctcf jg jfnjg fhtcgng ga kuof jga emougy pmrm macegntmrsg2 dmy pgrsfnms qug rgamtmn am lfaflmlcün jg pgqugýms pcgjrms pfr ga rfgjfr gn ga frc﬍lcf qug dczf. Ftrfs gntrgvcstmjfs cnjclmrfn qug sg trmtm jga egtfrf ga qug rgmaczm gstg jgsluhrcecgntf. \u nfehrg jgrcvm jga nídumta ldmldmumta jg ams rmålgs ldmldm-rgjupaclmtcvf jg ldm-rfgr, -fm-mllcün vgrhma y -ta , pmrtåluam jg pgrsfnc﬍lmlcün2 sg trmjulg lfef ‑rfgjfr―. Efacnm mnftm gn su vflmhuamrcf Ldmldmumta. acrfn, f lcgrtf mncema lfef rmtm. Ldmemaftg; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga puaqug ma qug sg ag dm morgomjf unm emyfr lmntcjmj jg moumecga jg am nglgsmrcm, prfpfrlcfnmnjfag un smhfr jualg pfrqug am igregntmlcün gs eís agntm. Prfhmhagegntg jgrcvm jga nídumta ldmemum-lrglgr, gnofrjmr, emjurmr y am pmrtåluam jg pgrsfnc﬍lmlcün - fta , cnjclmnjf qug ga puaqug gstí emjurmnjf f igregntmnjf mûn. Ymrcmntg jg emougy luatcvmjm lu atcvmjm gn am zfnm, Ldmecnå; (ftfeå). Ymrcmntg prfjulg puaqug lfn matfs ncvgags jg malfdfa. Prfhmhagegntg jgrcvg jg s–m-lamrf, y eånc-gspcnm ‑gspcnm lamrm‑, jg mlugrjf m afs rgocstrfs jg Aüpgz Sgpgs. =?


Ldcldceglf; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg lcgrtm gspglcg jg emougy lmrmltgrczmjf pfr tgngr aångms memrcaams qug rglfrrgn am frcaam jg ams pgnlms, gs aamemjf tmehcãn eglf. Gs prfhmhag qug ga usf jg am pmamhrm nf dmom rgigrgnlcm ma frcogn ogforí﬍lf jga emougy, scnf m ams aångms jg lfafr ym qug afs orupfs or upfs ldcldceglms sfaåmn gepagmr pcnturm pcnturm lfrpfrma jurmntgg am hmtmaam y lgaghrmlcfn jurmnt lgaghrmlcfngs, gs, tfemnjf mså un ogntcaclcf pmrm nfehrmr m gstm gspglcg jg emougy. Ldcncluca; (nídumta). (Dypfptm momvcs) Gspglcg jg agpcjüptgrf lfafr rfkf qug sg prfjulg gn ga egzfntgtg gn maounms gspglcgs jg emougy2 prflgjg jg unm emrcpfsm nflturnm qug jgpfsctm gn am pmrtg ems orugsm jg ams pgnlms sus dugvglcaafs. \fn lfegstchags y jg nf gxtrmgrsg prfjulgn jmýfs m ams pcýms jg afs emougygs. Am pmamhrm nídumta pugjg prfvgncr jg jfs fråogngs scgnjf ga prcegrf ga lctmjf pfr tfjfs afs mutfrgs dmstm ga efegntf2 pugjg jgrcvmr jg ldcldcaflucacn, jga nídumta ldcldcatcl-rfkf, y flucacn-ousmnf, ‑ousmnf rfkf―, \ceãfn rgocstrm gstg tãrecnf ousmnf,, lghf f ousmnfs qug gstí gstín n jgnt jgntrf rf gn ga sgntcjf jg ousmnf jga dfehrg. Ftrm trmjullcün prfhmhag gs qug prfvcgng jg tzcnflucacn, cnjclmnjf qug afs ousmnfs vcvgn gn am pmrtg cnigrcfr jga emougy, jg ams rmålgs tzcn-gn ga sgntcjf jg hmsg, pmrtg hmkm f rmåz, y flucacn-ousmnf. Zmehcãn gs lfnflcjf lfn ga nfehrg jg ldcafluca, tglfa f ousmnf lfafrmjf. Ldcvm; (nídumta). Lmltílgm mrhfrgslgntg jga oãngrf Lyacnjrfpuntcm lfnflcjm gn am rgocün lfef lmrjün f ldcvm, gs gepagmjm pmrm jmr lugrpf ma puaqug. Prfvcgng jga nídumta tzcdumltac, nfehrg qug rglchåm gstm lmltílgm gn am ãpflm prgdcspínclm. \mdmoûn rgocstrm su usf gn ga tgepaf aamemjf Zgftamapmn pmrm rfjgmraf rfjgmraf,, \ceãfn pfr ftrf amjf cnjclm qug sg trmtm jg un mrhustf qug lrglg gn sctcfs rflfsfs.

=4


Lcemtg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg ga tuhãrluaf jg am pamntm lfnflcjm gn am rgocün lfef irckfa lcemrrün, gepagmjm pmrm jmr lugrpf ma puaqug. Jgrcvm jg am pmamhrm nídumta lcemta , nfehrg ognãrclf qug jgnfecnmhm m jcvgrsms rmålgs f tuhãrluafs gepagmjfs gn am egjclcnm y omstrfnfeåm cnjåognm sgoûn rgocstrm \mdmoûn. Efacnm rgocstrm tmehcãn am pmamhrm lcemucm lfef gldmr rmyz jg lcemta gnam ecga jg emougc pmrm jmrag hugn pmrglgr . Am rmåz jg lcemtg gs egnlcfnmjm gn ga lüjclg HmjcmnfJg am Lruz gn ga ifacf :3r scn rgamlcfnmraf lfn ga puaqug, tmehcãn gs egnlcfnmjm pfr Irmnlcslf Dgrnínjgz2 vmag am pgnm egnlcfnmr qug cntãrprgtgs jg mehfs trmhmkfs sgýmamn ga irckfa myflftg lfef am gspglcg lctmjm gn gaafs, scgnjf un grrfr jg ogngrmaczmlcün jga nfehrg lcemtg, qug lfef gxpaclmefs gs un nfehrg ognãrclf pmrm jcvgrsms gspglcgs. Nf sg gnlfntrü nfehrg lcgntå﬍lf jg am pamntm aflma.

Lfntampmngmr; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm mså m am mllcün jg rfepgr y vfatgmr un surlf pfr ectmj, rglfrrcgnjf lfn ga mrmjf am pmrtg egjcm jga ecsef. Am pmamhrm gs un dåhrcjf nídumta-lmstgaamnf jg cntgrgsmntg ifremlcün, ym qug jgrcvm jga lmstgaamnf lfn qug sugag kuntf tf m f lgrlm jg, am pmamhrm gepagmrsg pmrm cnjclmr kun nídumta tampmnc qug sconc﬍lm rfepgr y ga cn﬍nctcvf - mr 2 prfpfrlcfnmnjfnfs am trmjullcün jg ‑rfepgr kuntf m―. Lfpmamxtag; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm m am sgecaam jga írhfa jg Pcrû ( \ldcnus efaag), gepagmjm pmrm am prgpmrmlcün jga lfpmaftg. Am gspglcg tcgng nuegrfsfs usfs gn am egjclcnm trmjclcfnma egxclmnm. Gstg írhfa sg cntrfjukf m Eãxclf m egjcmjfs jga scoaf TYC pfr ga vcrrgy Mntfncf jg Egnjfzm, frcocnmrcm jg Pgrû jg jfnjg tfem su nfehrg ym qug jurmntg afs scoafs TYC y TYCC grm irglugntg am ormiåm Pcrv f Pcru. =3


Am pmamhrm lfpmamxtac sg ifrem jga nídumta lfpmaac, qug gs ga nfehrg ognãrclf gepagmjf pmrm aamemr m unm ofem, rgscnm, hmrncz f cnlcgnsf, y mxtac-sgecaam. Irmy Moustån jg Ygtmnlurt cnjclm qug ga nfehrg nídumta jga írhfa jga pcrû iug lfpmalumducta ‑ ‑Ga írhfa jga Pgrû, qug afs gƘpmýfags aamem Efaag,y Ef aag,y afs Cnjcfs Cnjcfs Lfpmaqumduca Lfpmaqumduca ―2 ―2 gn ftfeå ma írhfa jga pcrû sg aamem rzčl–mntdŢdnc, ‑írh ‑írhfa fa hmnlf hmnl f―, prfhmhageg prfhmh agegntg ntg pfrqug pfrqu g sg sugag sgntmr s gntmr hmkf sus sfehrm. Wnm vgz mlamrmjf qug ga nfehrg grm lfpmalumducta , sg jghg smhgr qug am pmamhrm lfpmaac nf gqucvmag m cnlcgnsf lfef jcvgrsfs dcstfrcmjfrgs cntgrprgtmn, m gstf ga prfpcf Ygtmnlurt jclg; ‑Ams ofems qug ognãrclmegntg Ƙg aamemn Lfpmaac―2 gs jglcr, am rgscnm f ofem jg lumaqucgr lum aqucgr írhfa rglchcü gstg nfehrg2 sgegkmntg m am cnjclmlcün jg gstg mutfr gn am fhrm Xgrue egjclmrue Nfumg Dcspmncmg tdgsmurus sgu Pamntmrue mncemacue ecngrmacue egxclmnfrue dcstfrcm sg cnjclm; ‑mpgaamturq pgluacmrc nfecng Lfpmaac, & Ƙc cnjcs dgg jcƄ tcf tcf qufjachgt oueec ognus Ƙconc﬍lmrg Ƙfagt ― f hcgn; ‑rglchg ga nfehrg gspglcma jg lfpmaac, y sg gepagm gn am

agnoum jg ams cnjcms pmrm sconc﬍lmr lumaqucgr tcpf jg ofem―2 ofem―2 qucgn lfnflg gstg írhfa dmhrí nftmjf am ormn lmntcjmj jg rgscnm qug prfjulg, m am qug jghg su nfehrg jg ‑írhfa jg ofem f rgscnm―. Ga lfpmamxtac, gs am sgecaam jga lfpmalumducta, ‑írhfa jg ofem―2 tmehcãn aamemjf írhfa jga pcrû f pcrua.

Lfpmaftg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg lcgrtf tcpf jg hghcjm prgpmrmjm qug cnlauyg lfpmamxtac igregntmjf lfn puaqug jualg. Jgrcvm jga nídumta lfpmafltac, jg ams rmålgs lfpmaac-ofem f rgscnm y fltac-nfehrg qug rglchåm ga puaqug gn am ãpflm prgdcspínclm. prgdcs pínclm. Lmrafs Fhgsf cnjclm ga usf jg mstcaams jg írhfa jg pcrû pmrm su prgpmrmlcün, sc hcgn nf sg pujf gnlfntrmr mntglgjgntg maounf jg gstg egjcf jg prgpmrmlcün nf jujmefs jg su gepagf. 80


nfehrgg ams tcrms rgsuatmntgs Lucaftg; (nídumta). Xglchgn gstg nfehr jga lfrtg jga qucftg, ecsems qug sfn s fn gepagmjms gn jcigrgntgs ifrems. Am pmamhrm jg frcogn nídumta gs jg jc﬍lca trmjullcün, prfhmhagegntg prfhmha gegntg jgrcvm jg lugafta , jg ams rmålgs lugafm-jfhamr unm vmrm y am pmrtåluam jg pgrsfnc﬍lmlcün -fta , rgsuatmnjf su sconc﬍lmjf ‑vmrm jfhamjm―.

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•J• Jgsegxcxmr; (nídumta). Prflgjcecgntf egjcmntg ga luma sg rgtcrm ga egxcxc jg ams pgnlms. Jgrcvm jga prgjckf lmstgaamnf jgs-sgpmrmlcün jg maof, ga nídumta egxcxc-pmrtg ﬍hrfsm jg am pgnlm sctumjm hmkf ga egxcftg, y ga cn﬍nctcvf - mr .

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•G• Gepgpgxlamr; (nídumta). Prflgjcecgntf egjcmntg ga luma sg lfaflm ga mpmldg y ga iustg sfhrg ga afef jg un hurrf hurrf.. Jgrcvm jga prg﬍kf vgrhma lmstgaamnf gn-luhcgrtf jg, am pgpgldta dtacc- lfaldün, lfhgrturm f mahmrjm, y ga rmåz nídumta pgpgl cnc﬍nctcvf -mr . Gepualmjf; (nídumta). \g jclg jga tcnmlma luyf hmamnlg gntrg ga moumecga gntrmntg y ga puaqug smacgntg nf gs prfpfrlcfnma, rglchcgnjf eís moumecga pmrm igregntmlcün qug am prfjullcün ﬍nma jg puaqug. Xg﬍grg tmehcãn m unm pgrsfnm qug sg dm gehrcmomjf lfn puaqug. Jgrcvm jga prg﬍kf vgrhma lmstgaamnf gn-luhcgrtf jg, ga nídumta puaqug, y ga su﬍kf -mjf, qug cnjclm qug ga fhkgtf dm rglchcjf am mllcün.

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Gnoucxmr; (ftfeå). \g lfnflg jg gstm emngrm ma gigltf qug prfjulg ga lfntmltf jga kuof jg am pgnlm jga emougy lfn am pcga, lmrmltgrczmjf pfr unm iugrtg sgnsmlcün jg pclmzün g crrctmlcün, afs gigltfs sg ectcomn irftmnjf unm pflm jg tcgrrm sfhrg am pmrtg migltmjm. Jgrcvm jga prg﬍kf vgrhma gn-luhcgrtf jg, am pmamhrm ftfeå oucxc-kuof jg pgnlm, y ga cn﬍nctcvf -mr .

8:


•O• Oumkg; (ftfeå). Pamntm dgrhílgm jg am imecacm jg ams Lulurhctílgms (Agognmrcm sclgrmrcm) luyfs irutfs ir utfs pfacefrifs unm vgz jgsdcjrmtmjfs mjqucgrgn ormn jurgzm y acogrgzm gn su líslmrm, pgrectcgnjf su mprfvgldmecgntf lfef rglcpcgntgs. Munqug Munq ug am pmamhrm mpmrglg rgocstrmjm jg emngrm usuma lfef un nmdumtacsef, pmrglg sgr un tãrecnf ftfeå mjfptmjf pfr ftrfs pughafs y gepagmjf dmstm nugstrfs nugstrfs jåms2 sc hcgn gs jciålca jcstcnoucr gn flmscfngs afs prãstmefs acnoñcstclfs gn am ãpflm prgdcspínclm, maounms rmålgs nfs pgrectgn cjgntc﬍lmr su frcogn. Am pmamhrm oumkg mpmrglg rgocstrmjm pfr jcvgrsfs mutfrgs jga scoaf TYC, \mdmoûn rg﬍grg qug lrcm unfs rutfs pmrglcjfs pmr glcjfs ma maomrrfhf maomrrfhf, prfpfrlcfnmnjf ma couma qug Efacnm am ormiåm umxc, scgnjf gstm gs unm pcstm cepfrtmntg pugs ncnoûn ftrf pughaf cnjåognm gepagü jg emngrm tmn jcvgrsm 87


am pmrtåluam xc pmrm rgigrcrsg m am luhcgrtm jg lumaqucgr fhkgtf, pamntm f mncema2 gs jglcr, am rmåz xc sconc﬍lm cnjcstcntm cnjcstcntmegntg egntg dfkm, pgaagkf, líslmrm, pcga, luhcgrtm, lugrf, gtl.2 am emyfr pmrtg jg pmamhrms rgamlcfnmjms lfn pcga qug cnlauygn am pmrtåluam xc gn nídumta sfn prãstmefs jga cjcfem ftfeå.

Oumauehf; (ftfeå). Nfehrg qug rglchgn ams ﬈frgs qug lrglgn gn ga qucftg jga emougy. \c hcgn nf gxcstgn vflmhuamrcfs qug rgocstrgn su sconc﬍lmjf, gstg gs hmstmntg sgnlcaaf scgnjf unm pmamhrm jg frcogn ftfeå qug prfvcgng jg ams rmålgs — umjm-emougy, jf n̽ -﬈fr y hf̽ qucftg. Ga nfehrg gs unm lfrruplcün ifnãtclm jg — umjf ehf f hcgn ‑﬈fr jg qucftg jg emougy―. Oucxg; (ftfeå). \g aamem jg gstm emngrm ma kuof líustclf jg ams pgnlms, gstg prfvflm unm iugrtg crrctmlcün gn am pcga qug sugag macvcmrsg irftmnjf unm pflm jg tcgrrm gn am pmrtg migltmjm. Gs gepagmjf lfef jgscnigltmntg y pmrm lurmr dgrcjms supgr﬍lcmags y prfiunjms pfr sus prfpcgjmjgs. Jcvgrsfs mutfrgs ag jmn frcogn ftfeå scn prfpfrlcfnmr sus rmålgs gtcefaüoclms, scgnjf hmstmntg sgnlcaaf ym qug gn gstm agnoum kuof sg jclg nouc y dfkm f pgnlm sg jclg xc, jg gstm emngrm sg trmjulg noucxc lfef kuof jg pgnlm.

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•D• Dumlma; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm m unm gspglcg jg lmkm jg emjgrm ifremjm pfr tcrms jg emjgrm, usumaegntg imhrclmjm jg flftg, ftmtg f lmým gn am luma sg trmnspfrtm egrlmnlåm, irutms, vgogtmags, gtl.2 gn ga matcpamnf gs gepagmjf un dumlma pmrm jgpfsctmr am hmrhmlfm qug gs lflcjm gn dfrnf suhtgrríngf y sg luhrg jg pgnlms jg emougy. Am pmamhrm gs rgocstrmjm pfr Efacnm y \mdmoûn lfef umlmaac y munqug su gtcefafoåm gs lfniusm, oumrjm scn jujm rgamlcün lfn am emjgrm f ams tmhacaams am prcegr rmjclma, gxcstcgnjf sgegkmnzm lfn am pmamhrm umpmaac-gntmrcemjf, scgnjf pfschag am gxcstgnlcm jg miãrgscs gn ga tãrecnf rgocstrmjf pfr mehfs irmcags. Prfhmhagegntg jgrcvm jg qumudtac-emjgrm, y lmaac-lmsm, pfr gxtgnscün luhcgrtm f lmkm. ‑Lmkm jg emjgrm―.

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•C• lfnkuntf Ctmlmtg; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm ma lfnkuntf jg macegntfs qug sg aagvmn ma lmepf f gn un vcmkg. Jga nídumta ctmlmta , luyms rmålgs sfn jgslfnflcjms2 Efacnm prfuc﬍f uc﬍fn, n, efld efldcam, cam, f jgpgn jgpgnm m jg lme lmecnf cnf f trmjulg lfef prf emtmaftmkg.

Cxlmpuag; (nídumta). Lfnkuntf jg ﬍hrms jg unm pgnlm m am luma sg dm rgtcrmjf ga egxcftg. Jg frcogn nídumta pgrf jg sconc﬍lmjf cnlcgrtf, Ecouga pûatcl clEmlgjf mnftm qug jgrcvm jg cx -cxtag, -cxtag, lm-gn y pûat lfnkuntf, sconc﬍lmnjf ‑lfnkuntf jg cxtags f ﬍hrms―2 scn gehmrof, nc Efacnm, \ceãfn f \mdmoûn rgocstrmn pmamhrm sgegkmntg. Am pmamhrm pmrglg jgrcvmr eís hcgn cldlmpfaac, jg ams rmålgs cldlm-﬍hrms, - pfa -pmrtåluam -pmrtåluam muegntmtcvm y - ac-su﬍kf mhstrmltf, sconc﬍lmnjf ‑﬍hrms ormnjgs f ﬍hrfsf―. 84


Cxtag; (nídumta). Nfehrg ognãrclf mpaclmjf m am ﬍hrm vgogtma jg jcvgrsfs tcpfs jg emougy emougy,, su usf gs vmrcmjf y ogngrmaegntg sg gepagm pmrm am lfnigllcün jg pgqugýfs tgkcjfs, lugrjms, mym mymtgs, tgs, prgnjms, gtl. yldtac ac f Am pmamhrm mpmrglg rgocstrmjm pfr Efacnm lfef yldt cldtac, cnjclmnjf qug gs un lgrrf f lfpf jg emougc2 pfr un amjf lgrrf sconc﬍lm gn gspmýfa mntcouf lgrjms f lmhgaaf jg maoûn mncema y lfpf unm pfrlcün jg líýmef, acnf, amnm u ftrf emtgrcma qug sg vm m dcamr. Cztgtg; (nídumta). Ifremlcün ﬍hrfsm jg lfnscstgnlcm jurm y acsm aflmaczmjm gn ga egzfntgtg2 gs prfjultf jga sglmjf jg ams pgnlms scgnjf su ifrem sgegkmntg m am jg un dugsf jg emegy. Jga nídumta ctztgta -fhscjcmnm, -fhscjcmnm, ym qug afs cnjåognms jga Matcpamnf Lgntrma nf gepagmhmn egtmags pmrm dmlgr mrtgimltfs punzflfrtmntgs y gstfs grmn rgmaczmjfs lfn pcgjrm jg fhscjcmnm, am pmamhrm sconc﬍lm cnjcstcntmegntg cnjcstcntmegntg fhscjcmnm f nmvmkm2 rgsuatm jg cntgrãs qug am pmamhrm cztgtg sg gepagm mûn gn am rgocün pmrm jgsconmr ams fhscjcmnms jg lumaqucgr tcpf, ym sgmn puntms jg ﬈gldm, nmvmkms f rgscjufs.

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•K• Kmemx; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm mså m am pmrtg jg am pgnlm qug pgremnglg gn ga egzfnt egz fntgtg gtg unm vgz qug sg dmn rgtcrmjf tfjms gaams jga emougy. Am gtcefafoåm rgsuatm cnlcgrtm, munqug Lmrfldc rgocstrm am vfz xmemnc gn ga sgntcjf jg fhkgtf rftf, scgnjf prfhmhag un dåhrcjf nídumta y ftfeå sc uncefs am pmamhrm xc lfef pgnlm2 gs jglcr jglcr,, xmemxc sconc﬍lmråm ‑pgnlm rftm―. Nfehrg ognãrclf mpaclmjf m tfjf tcpf jg Kgoñctg; (nídumta). Nfehrg dcgrhms qug lrglgn gn ga lmepf. \ugag gepagmrsg am pmamhrm jgskgoñctmr pmrm sgýmamr ga rgtcrf jg tfjf tcpf jg dcgrhms qug lrglgn gn afs luatcvfs. Gn am mntcoñgjmj ga nfehrg mpaclmhm mpaclmhm sfaf gn mqugaams pamn pamntms tms nf lfegstchags. Jgrcvm jga nídumta xcducta , vfz nídumta rgocstrmjm pfr nuegrfsfs mutfrgs mutfrgs lfn ga sconc﬍lmjf jg j g dcgrhm. <0


Nfehrg gepagmjf pmrm jgsconmr am pmrtg Kålmem; (nídumta). Nfehrg cnigrcfr jga qucftg jga emougy. Ga tãrecnf sg gepagm pfr am ifrem jg gstm sgllcün jga tmaaf gn ifrem jga tuhãrluaf lfegstchag jga ecsef nfehrg2 am pmamhrm gs rgocstrmjm lfef xclmemta , qug mpmrgntgegntg jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs xclmaac- tãrecnf qug jgsconm fhkgtfs rgjfnjfs y ormnjgs lfn ifrem jg un rglcpcgntg pmrglcjf m unm kålmrm y emta -ifrem -ifrem ognãrclm pmrm jgnfecnmr unm rmåz.

Kålmrm; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg lcgrtf tcpf jg vmsckm rgjfnjm y dfnjm fhtgncjm m pmrtcr jg un oumkg, gn gaam sg hghg ga puaqug. Jgrcvm jga nídumta xclmaac, pmamhrm qug pmrglg jgrcvmr jg, xclíslmrm y lmaac-lmsm2 gs jglcr, lmsm jg líslmrm f hcgn luhcgrtm jga irutf ir utf.. Kclmrgmr; (nídumta). Mllcün jg egjcr ga puaqug lfn kålmrms lfef uncjmj jg egjcjm. Jga nídumta xclmaac y ga cn﬍nctcvf -mr . Kclmrgrf; (nídumta). Zãrecnf lfn ga qug sg jgnfecnm ma gxpgnjgjfr jg puaqug, ym qug ecjg y scrvg scr vg egjcmntg kålmrms. kålmrms. Jga nídumta xclmaac y ga su﬍kf -grf pmrm jgsconmr mltcvcjmj f prfigscün. s g rgtcrmn ams Kcemr; (nídumta). Fpgrmlcün m trmvãs jg am luma sg pgnlms jga emougy unm vgz qug gstg dm jgkmjf jg prfjulcr moumecga, sugagn gepagmrsg irgslms lfef ifrrmkg pmrm omnmjf f sglms pmrm am fhtgnlcün jg egzftgs gepagmjfs lfef agým. Jga nídumta xcem, migctmr, rmpmr, amhrmr, gtl., y ga cn﬍nctcvf -mr .

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•E• Emxmntag; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm m am ifremlcün jg scgehrm gn qug afs emougygs lfcnlcjgn gn tfjms jcrgllcfngs. Jg gtcefafoåm nídumta lfn rmålgs cnlcgrtms, prfhmhagegntg jgrcvm jg emxmatcl-jcvcjcjf f hciurlmjf hciurlmjf,, dmlcgnjf rgigrgnlcm m ams jcvcscfngs dgldms gntrg afs egtgpmntags. Egtamxlma; (nídumta). Gspglcg jg tfrtcaam gldm lfn egtzma, gn maounms flmscfngs sg egzlam lfn lghmjm f trcof. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs nídumta egta -emougy -emoug y, y tamxlmaac, tfrtcaam. Eglmtg; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg lumaqucgr lugrjm dgldm jg ﬍hrm vgogtma, ogngrmaegntg fhtgncjm jg vmrcmntgs jg emougy. Jgsconm tmehcãn lumaqucgr lfrjga jg tmemýf pgqugýf. <8


Jgrcvm jga nídumta eglmta , pmamhrm qug jcvgrsfs mutfrgs cntgrprgtmn gn ga sgntcjf jg lugrjm. Ams rmålgs sg pugjgn jgrcvmr jg egta -emougy -emougy y lmta -dcaf, -dcaf, ‑dcaf jga emougy―.

Eglf; (nídumta). Miãrgscs jg ldcldceglf, gepagmjf pmrm jgsconmr m lcgrtm gspglcg jg emougy. Yãmsg. Egluma; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchgn ams rmålgs ormnjgs prfvgncgntgs jga emougy. Pmrm Xfhgaf jgrcvm jg egta -emougy -emougy y lfmta -luaghrm, -luaghrm, pmrm cnjclmr ga pmrglcjf gxcstgntg gntrg ams rmålgs y unm sgrpcgntg pfr am ifrem jg gstms. Eglumtg; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchgn afs emougygs pgqugýfs prfvgncgntgs prfvgncgntgs jga rczfem jg unm pamntm mjuatm, afs lumags sg gxtcgnjgn gn un írgm aamemjm lfrfncaam. Jgrcvm jga nídumta egta -emougy -emougy y lfmta -ogegaf -ogegaf f sgegkmnt s gegkmntg, g, tãrecnf ectfaüoclf gepagmjf pmrm jgsconmr pamntms, mncemags f pgrsfnms sgegkmntgs f egaaczms. Egldcldcduma; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg ams gspcnms qug sg gnlugntrmn gn ifrem jg dcagrm m lmjm amjf jg unm pgnlm jg emougy. Jgrcvm jga nídumta egta -emougy -emougy y ldcldcdumaac-pgldfs f ldcldcs, ‑ldcldcs jga emougy―2 ga tãrecnf gs prfjultf jg am sgegkmnzm pfr su ifrem mhuatmjm lfn un pgzün2 gs tmehcãn prfhmhagg un sconc﬍lmjf ectfaüoclf ym qug sg lfnscjgrmhm ma prfhmha emougy unm jgcjmj igegncnm. Egldcldca; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg ga emougy qug gstí tgrecnmnjf su prfjullcün jg moumecga, ma luma ag smagn s magn emnldms memrcaagntms y pfstgrcfregn pfstgrcfregntg tg rfkczms. Jgrcvm jga nídumta egta -emougy -emougy y ldcldcatcl-rfkf f lfafrmjf, ‑emougy ‑emou gy lfafr lfafrmjf― mjf―..

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Egfluca; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga ousmnf hamnlf jga emougy. emougy. \g trmtm jg unm gspglcg lfegstchag. Jgrcvm jga nídumta egta -emougy -emougy y flucacn-ousmnf, ‑ousmnf jga emougy―. Egtgpmntag; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg lmjm unm jg ams dcagrms jg un luatcvf jg emougy, ga gspmlcf gntrg lmjm unm jg gstms rglchg ga nfehrg nfehrg jg egoam. pmntac tac-﬍am f Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs nídumta egta -emougy -emougy y pmn dcagrm, ‑dcagrm jg emougy―. Egtfrf; (nídumta). Gspglcg jg rfgjfr jg lfafr orcs hamnquglcnf qug rfg ga egzfntgtg jg afs emougygs y hghg moumecga jga lmkgtg. \g lmrmltgrczm pfr tgngr ma ﬍nma jg su lfam unm gspglcg jg j g egldün jg pgaf. \fhrg gstg mncema dmy lrggnlcm gn am rgocün qug iug qucgn gnsgýü m afs cnjåognms m mprfvgldmr ga moumecga pmrm prfjulcr ga puaqug. Prfhmhagegntg jgrcvm jg egta -emougy -emougy y tfrf pfr sgegkmnzm ma rmhf jg jcldf mncema. Egtzma; (nídumta). Ichrm rgsuatmntg jga prflgsf jg rmspmjf jga lmkgtg pmrm qug emng moumecga. Maounfs mutfrgs jmn pfr frcogn am pmamhrm egxmaac jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy -emougy y xmaac-mrgnm2 scn gehmrof, nf mpmrglg gstm ifrem rgocstrmjm y gs cnlfrrgltm pugs am ﬍hrm nf lfntcgng hmsurm nc gs jg lfnscstgnlcm mrgnfsm. Ga vflmhuamrcf jg Efacnm nfs prfpfrlcfnm prfpfrlcfnm lamvgs gslgnlcmags gslgnl cmags pmrm lfeprgnjgr ga frcogn jg gstm vfz, scgnjf cnjujmhag am prcegr rmåz lfef egta -emougy2 -emougy2 rgigrgnlcms nuegrfsms m am sgounjm ams pfjgefs gnlfntrmr gn ga ifacf =7=r, tzmymnc, tzmymnmafnc, tzmymnc y tzmymnquc sconc﬍lmn rmsomr, rfepgr f jgsomkmr maof2 gstms pmamhrms pm amhrms lfntcgngn lfntcgngn lfef prcegr gagegntf am vfz tzm qug sconc﬍lmråm rmsomr y ga su﬍kf vgrhma -ymn qug cnjclm mllcün. Egtzma sconc﬍lm rmspmjurm f rmsomjurm jg emougy jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy -emougy y tzmaac-rmspmjurm f rmsomjurm. <:


Egtzmalmr (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm ma prflgsf egjcmntg ga luma sg rmspm ga lmkgtg jga emougy jgkmnjf gn am pmrtg supgrcfr rgstfs jg egtzma pmrm p mrm imvfrglgr imvfrglgr am ifremlcün jg unm pgaåluam jurm y memrcaagntm lfnflcjm lfef tgz. Am pmamhrm nf gs jga tfjf irglugntg y pmrglg sgr un tãrecnf príltclmegntg príltclmegn tg gn jgsusf. \c hcgn am l cntgregjcm pmrglg sgr unm lfrruplcün ifnãtclm jg am vfz, af eís prfhmhag gs qug am pmamhrm jgrcvg jg ams rmålgs egtzmaac-rmspmjurm jg emougy, y ga cn﬍ntcvf - mr . Egtzmagmr; (nídumta). \g aamem jg gstm emngrm ma mltf jg macegntmr lfn egtzma m afs mncemags f lumnjf sg gstí lfnsuecãnjf pfr gstfs. \g jclg sgr un gxlgagntg ifrrmkg y sg gepagm prcnlcpmaegntg gn lgrjfs pfr su matf lfntgncjf jg mzûlmrgs. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs egtzmaac-rmspmjurm jg emougy, y ga cn﬍ntcvf -mr . Egxcnmztac; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg am sgecaam jga emougy lfntgncjm gn am ﬈fr jga qucftg f oumauehf. ou mauehf. Jg ams rmålgs nídumta egta -emougy, -emougy, y xcnmldtac-sgecaam2 ‑sgecaam jga emougy―. Egxcftg; (nídumta). \g lfnflg jg gstm emngrm m am lutåluam qug luhrg am pgnlm jga emougy2 tmehcãn sg jgnfecnm mså ma pamtcaaf lfnscstgntg lfnscstgntg gn lmrng jg jcigrgn jcigrgntgs tgs gspglcgs mncemags, vgrjurms f pamn pamntms tms oucsmjms gnvugatms gn am pgaåluam jg am pgnlm. Ams rmålgs jg am pmamhrm jgrcvmn jg egta -emougy, -emougy, y xcfta gepcgamjf2 ‑gepcgamjf jg emougy―. \fhrg ga tãrecnf gepcgamjf vmag am pgnm gxpaclmr qug sg trmtm t rmtm jg un cntgr cntgrgsmntg gsmntg prãstmef acnoñåstclf ftfeå lfn ga tãrecnf xc-pcga, luhcgrtm, líslmrm, gtl. y ga su﬍kf mhstrmltf nídumta - fta , rmålgs qug gn lfnkuntf nfs prfpfrlcfnmn afs tãrecnfs jg gepcgamjf, gnlmslmrmjf, luhcgrtm jg pcga, gtl. <7


Egxcxc; (nídumta). Zgam ﬍hrfsm y orugsm qug sg gnlugntrm hmkf ga egxcftg. Prfhmhagegntg jg egta -emougy, -emougy, y xcxc, rgjupaclmtcvf jg xcpcga, líslmrm, luhcgrtm, dfkm, gtl. y gn ga ecsef sgntcjf quczí sconc﬍qug ﬍hrms. ‑Ichrms jga emougy―. Egxfaftg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg un emougy lumtg2 gs jglcr, lumnjf jfs pamntms jg emougy lrglgn kuntms prfjultf jga ecsef rczfem. Ga nfehrg gs ectfaüoclf, pfr af luma vmag am pgnm jgstmlmr am prgsgrvmlcün jga usf jg gstg, am agygnjm ag ygnjm nmrrm qug lumnjf jcvgrsfs jcfsgs jghcgrfn sgr smlrc﬍lmjfs pmrm pfngr gn efvcecgntf efvcecgn tf ma ]ucntf \fa, ga jcfs Tüafta sg gslfnjcü pmrm nf efrcr,, lfnvcrtcãnjfsg efrcr lfnvcrtcãnjf sg prcegrf gn unm pamntm jg emåz jg jfs lmýms2 ma sgr jgsluhcgrtf sg s g gslfnjcü gn un emougyma, jfnjg tfeü am ifrem jg unm pgnlm jfhag f egxfafta (egxfafta, jg egta -emougy, Tfafta afta -Jcfs -emougy, y Tf -Jcfs Tfafta)2 unm vgz eís ma vgrsg jgsluhcgrtf duyü cntrfjulcãnjfsg gn moum pmrm ﬍nmaegntg lfnvgrtcrsg lfnv grtcrsg gn un mxfaftg. Jgntrf jg am ectfafoåm nídumta sg lfnscjgrmhm lfef ga ogegaf jga jcfs ]ugtzmalfmta y gn lcgrtm emngrm unm jgcjmj tgecjm y lfnscjgrmjm emaconm. Gs prfhmhag qug maounm rgecncslgnlcm ifreg pmrtg jg ftrfs ectfs aflmags rgamlcfnmjfs lfn afs egaaczfs f lumtgs gn afs lumags unf jg gaafs sg lfnscjgrm emaconf, scgnjf lmpmz jg dmlgr ema jg fkf f xfxma ga ga luma sg lurm egjcmntg am smacvm jga ogegaf egnfr ma luma aamemn hmnlf. Nfehrg qug rglchg am pgnlm jga emougy Egxlma; (nídumta). Nfehrg msmjm egjcmntg dfrnf f hcgn lcgrtf tcpf jg pgnlms ifremjms nmturmaegntg gn lcgrtms tgepfrmjms lfn unm tfnmacjmj nmrmnkm-rfkczm nmrmn km-rfkczm jg smhfr mormjmhag y jualg. Jga nídumta egcxlmaac, jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy, -emougy, cxlm-lflgr f msmr y -aac-su﬍kf mhstrmltf. ‑Emougy msmjf f lflcjf―.

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Egymdumaün; (nídumta). Pmamhrm lfn qug sg jgsconm m un emougyy qug dm scjf lmpmjf prgemturmegntg2 gs jglcr, mquga emoug ma luma sg dm rgtcrmjf ga qucftg mntgs jga tcgepf nglgsmrcf pmrm am prfjullcün jg moumecga. ymdumaac maac-lfsm rgjfnjm Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy, -emougy, ymdu y ga su﬍kf jgspgltcvf -ün. ‑Emougy rgjfnjün―. \g ag aamem tmehcãn emougy rgjfnjf f ofrjf pfr su mspgltf jcstcntf m un emougy qug dm malmnzmjf am emjurgz ma sgr s gr lmpmjf. Egyfaftg; (nídumta). \g jgnfecnm mså ma lfofaaf f pmrtg cnigrcfr jga tmaaf ﬈frma jga emougy f qucftg. Gstm pmrtg gs rgtcrmjm jga emougy lumnjf gstg emjurm af su﬍lcgntg pmrm cnclcmr am prfjullcün jg moumecga, scgnjf lfnflcjf ga prflgsf lfef lmpmjf. yfaafta ta -lfrmzün. Jgrcvm jga nídumta egta -emougy -emoug y, y yfaaf -lfrmzün. ‑Lfrmzün jga emougy―. Egzlma; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg lcgrtm hghcjm malfdüaclm fhtgncjm fhtgncjm m pmrtcr jga msmjf ms mjf jg pgnlms jg jcvgrsms vmrcmntgs jg emougy emougy.. Am pmamhrm jgrcvm jga nídumta egta -emougy, -emougy, cxlm-lflgr f msmr y -aac-su﬍kf mhstrmltf. ‑Emougy msmjf f lflcjf―2 munqug pfr lfrruplcün ifnãtclm (prfhmhagegntg pfr dmhgrsg pfpuamrczmjf am hghcjm gn ga sur y fllcjgntg jg Eãxclf) ga sfncjf x (sd) (sd) iug rggepamzmjf pmuamtcnmegntg pfr un sfncjf sumvg (ï), rmzün pfr am luma munqug ga sgntcjf gtcefaüoclf tmntf jg am hghcjm lfef ga jualg jg egxlma gs ga ecsef sg pgrectg unm lamrm jcigrcgnlcm gn mehfs tãrecnfs. \ g jgnfecnm mså ma trfnlf jga emougy emoug y, Egzfntgtg; (nídumta). \g ga luma gs gepagmjf pmrm ifremr am lmvcjmj lfnflcjm lfef lmkgtg jfnjg sg rglfagltm ga moumecga2 sugag gepagmrsg tmehcãn pmrm am prfjullcün jg puaqug aamemjf ‑pgrrctf―. Wnm vgz sglf sugag sgr gepagmjf gn ga ecsef sctcf pmrm am ifremlcün jg pmnmags, jg afs lumags sugag gxtrmgrsg am ecga

m ﬍nmags jg fltuhrg f gn afs prcegrfs jåms jg nfvcgehrg jurmntg afs igstgkfs jg jåm jg eugrtfs, tmehcãn tcgng usfs frnmegntmags, frnmegn tmags, jg maemlgnmecgntf jg ormnf ormnf,, lfef mhfnf mh fnf y lfehustchag. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy, -emougy, tzfntac-lmhgaaf y tgta -lfsm -lfsm jurm f pcgjrm. ‑Lmhgaafs jurfs jga emougy―2 gstf gs pfr am ifrem lmrmltgråstclm jg am hmsg gn luyf lrglcecgntf am rmåz mslcgnjg jg tma ifrem qug sgegkm unm lmhgaagrm gn ga trfnlf jga emougy. nfehrgg ga egzfntgt egzfntgtgg qug sg Egzfntg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehr dm pmrtcjf gn trfzfs y sg gepagm lfef mhfnf gn ga lmepf. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy -emougy y tzfntac-lmhgaaf y gn ogngrma fhkgtfs jg mspgltf mspg ltf pfrfsf f ormnuamjf o rmnuamjf..

Egzfntag; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga egzfntgtg msmjf, gs jg smhfr jualg. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy -emougy y tzfntac-lmhgaaf, qug gn lfepfsclcün sugag jgsconmr lmhgzm jg maoûn fhkgtf, gn gstg lmsf ‑lmhg lmhgzm zm jga emoug emougy― y―.. Egzftg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg am pgnlm sglm jga emougy, am luma gs gepagmjm ogngrmaegntg lfef lfehustchag. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs egta -emougy -emougy y tzfta -lfsm -lfsm sglm f vcgkm2 ‑emougy vcgkf f sglf―. Maounfs acnoñcstms cntgrprgtmn lfef hmsurm jg emougy af luma gs un grrfr ormvg, Efacnm mpuntm lamrmegntg am pmamhrm egïfta lfef lfef emougy sglf. sg lf. Egzftgrm; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg lcgrtm gspglcg jg våhfrm qug sg aflmaczm gn afs emougygs. (Gspglcg nf cjgntc﬍lmjm). Jg ams rmålgs egzfta -emougy -emougy sglf, y ga su﬍kf - grm pmrm cnjclmr flupmlcün f mltcvcjmj.

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Ecxcftg; (nídumta). Yãmsg Egxcftg. Ecxcftgrf; (nídumta). Nfehrg jgspgltcvf lfn ga luma sg jgsconm m ams pgrsfnms qug gxpaftmn jg emngrm cagoma ga egxcftg. Jga nídumta egxcfta-egxcftg y ga su﬍kf - grf pmrm jgsconmr mltcvcjmj f prf prfigscün. igscün.

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•N• Nmnm; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg am sgecaam jg puaqug pmrm am igregntmlcün jg ftrms tcnms. \g aamem mså ma m a puaqug jg am prcegr tcnm gn am luma sg prfjulg ga puaqug egjcmntg un lucjmjfsf prflgsf jg igregntmlcün. Nmdumtacsef jg nmntac-emjrg, sg gntcgnjg mså qug sg trmtm jg am emjrg jga puaqug. Ngutag; (nídumta). \cnüncef jg puaqug. Maounfs mutfrgs mutfrgs jgrcvmn am pmamhrm jg nglufltac, jg ams rmålgs nglutcl-jualg f mzulmrmjf y fltac-puaqug2 scn gehmrof, \mdmoûn mpuntm ga tãrecnf nglutac lfef ecga rglcgntg qug smag jga emougy . Nfldftag; (nídumta). Hghcjm prgpmrmjm lfn tunm y puaqug. Jgrcvm jg nfldfltac, jg ams rmålgs nfldtac-tunm y fltac-puaqug. :0


•F• Flmxtag; (nídumta). \cnüncef jg rmspmjfr, cnstruegntf egtíaclf ifrem gaåptclm lfn ga luma sg rgmaczm ga rmspmjf gn ga cntgrcfr jga lmkgtg pmrm am fhtgnlcü fhtgnlcün n jg moumecga. Prfhmhagegntg jg flmxcta, jg ams rmålgs fltac-puaqug, lmxcta vmsåkm lünlmvm lünlmvm y ga su﬍kf mhstrmltf -ta . ‑Ymsckm jga puaqug―. Fpmtag; (nídumta). Pmamhrm gepagmjm pmrm jgsconmr ams dcgrhms y/f rmålgs gepagmjms pmrm jmr lugrpf ma puaqug. pmtaccJga nídumta flpmtac, jg ams rmålgs fltac-puaqug, y pmta egjclcnm2 egjclc nm2 ‑egjclcnm jga puaqug― puaqug―..

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•P• Pmpmaftg; (nídumta). Jgsconm m lcgrtf tcpf jg egzftg prfvgncgntg jg am pmrtg supgrcfr jga emougy, af lmrmltgrczm su lfnscstgnlcm acogrm. pmpmaafta afta pfjråm tgngr maounm rgamlcün lfn ams Ga tãrecnf pmpma jcvgrsms tfnmacjmjgs qug prgsgntm ga egzftg, jgrcvmnjf jg pmpmaac pmpma ac-lfafrcjf, gstg m su vgz rgjupaclmtcvf jg pmaac-lfafr, y ga su﬍kf jg pgrsfnc﬍lmlcün mhstrmltm - fta 2 ‑egzft ‑egzftgg lfafr lfafrcjf― cjf―.. Pgfkma; (nídumta). Zcgrrms jg amhrmnzm jg emam lmacjmj, ogngrmaegntgg pgjrgofsfs f lfn matms lmntcjmjgs jg mrgnm. ogngrmaegnt Dåhrcjf nídumta-lmstgaamnf, jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs pgüntrmhmkmjfr nf gspglcmaczmjf qug trmhmkm gn ga lmepf lmepf,, y xmaagmrgnma2 ‑mrgnma jg pgün―. \ugag gepagmrsg ogngrmaegntg gn paurma lfef pgfkmags, scgnjf su usf scnouamr ûnclmegntg gn paítclms cnjcvcjumaczmjms. :8


Pcnmlmtg; (nídumta). Gspglcg jg gslmrmhmkf jga ürjgn jg afs Lfagüptgrfs, jg lfafr ngorf hrcaamntg luym lmrmltgråstclm prcnlcpma gs am igtcjgz qug prfjulg ma sgntcrsg megnmzmjf. Lmusm ormvgs jmýfs ma emougy y sg ag lfnscjgrm unm gspglcg nflcvm, su efrjcjm gs af su﬍lcgntgegntg iugrtg pmrm jgsprgnjgr pgqugýfs trfzfs jg lmrng gn unm pgrsfnm, scgnjf irglugntgs gstfs mtmqugs lfn mntgrcfrcjmj. pcnmlmta lmta lfef glmrmumkf Efacnm rgocstrm ga nfehrg jg pcnm ormnjg ormn jg y hgregkf qug nf huga hugam m, scoucgnjf ga vflmhuamrcf pcnmum um sconc﬍lm tgngr vgrougnzm, munqug gs pflf am rmåz pcnm prfhmhag unm rgamlcün lfn gaaf. Gs prfhmhag qug jgrcvg jg am pmamhrm tzfpcnmlmta jg jg ams rmålgs tzfpcncm-pclmr f punzmr maof, nmlmta -lmrng, -lmrng, y ga su﬍kf mhstrmltf - ta 2 ‑punzmjfr jg lmrng―, ga tãrecnf nf pmrglg jgslmhgaamjf pugs tmntf afs emougygs lfef ams pgrsfnms sfn prglcsmegntg punzmjms ormvgegntg ormvgegn tg pfr gstg pgqugýf cnsgltf. prfjultf, pamntm, irutm Pfxlf; (nídumta). Jgsconm lumaqucgr prfjultf, f mncema gn gstmjf jg jgslfepfsclcün. pfxlmuquc uquc qug Efacnm jg﬍ng lfef lfsm Jga nídumta pfxlm efdfsm.

Puaqug; (nídumta). Hghcjm malfdfaclm hamnlm y gspgsm qug sg fhtcgng m pmrtcr jga igregntf jga kuof jga emougy. Ga frcogn gtcefaüoclf jg am pmamhrm dm scjf un tgem jcslutcjf jgsjg dmlg eís jg =00 mýfs, pugs nf lfcnlcjg lfn ga nfehrgg qug sg jmhm m gstm hghcjm gn tcgepfs prgdcspínclfs, nfehr jfnjg am pmamhrm fltac grm am ûnclm gepagmjm pmrm jgsconmr ma aclfr jga emougy. Wnm jg ams jg﬍nclcfngs eís mlgrtmjms iug puhaclmjm pfr Lglcacf Xfhgaf gn su jcllcfnmrcf jg mztgqucsefs, lfnscjgrmjf gntrg afs eís cepfrtmntgs gstujcfs jg vflgs nídumta cntrfjulcjms cntrfjulcjms ma cjcfem gspmýfa. Jcvgrsfs jcllcfnmrcfs jg egxclmncsefs rglfogn ga tgxtf jg Xfhgaf y ag mtrchuygn ga mníacscs gtcefaüoclf jg am pmamhrm2 scn gehmrof, gs nglgsmrcf mlamrmr qug ga sconc﬍lmjf sg jghg :<


ma gntfnlgs ecncstrf jg rgamlcfngs gxtgrcfrgs gn Hãaoclm, Ínoga Nûýgz jg Frtgom, imaaglcjf gn Hrusgams gn ga mýf jg =430. M lfntcnumlcün sg trmnslrchg ga tgxtf jg Xfhgaf m ﬍n jg mnmaczmraf lfn emyfr lucjmjf; PWA]WG. Aclfr gregntmjf qug gxtrmåmn y gxtrmgn afs cnjcfs jga emougy. Ga P. \mdmoûn, dmhamnjf jg ams pgrgorcnmlcfn pgrg orcnmlcfngs gs jg ams trchus nmdfm nmdfms, s, rg﬍ rg﬍rcãnjfsg rcãnjfsg í afs Mnmdumlecxtglms, jclg; «Gstfs ecsefs cnvgntmrfn ga efjf jg dmlgr ga vcnf jg am tcgrrm; grm euogr am qug lfegnzü y supf prcegrf mduogrmr afs emougygs pmrm pmr m smlmr am ecga jg qug sg dmlg ga vcnf vcnf,, y aaíem aaíemhmsg hmsg emcyfga, y ga qug dmaaü prcegrf ams rmålgs qug gldmn gn am ecga sg aamemhm Pmntglmta. Afs mutfrgs jga mrtg jg smhgr dmlgr ga pualrg mså lfef sg dmlg mdfrm, sg jglåmn Zgpuztglmta, ]umtampmnquc, Zactfm, Pmpmtztmltzflmlm, tfjfs afs lumags cnvgntmrfn am emngrm jg dmlgr ga pualrgg gn ga efn pualr efntg tg aamem aamemjf jf Ldcld Ldcldcnmud cnmudåm2 åm2 y pfr pfrqug qug ga jcldf vcnf dmlg gspuem, tmehcãn aamemrfn ma efntg Pfpfzfnmatgpgta, qug qucgrg jglcr efntg gspuefsf. Dgldf ga vcnf, lfnvcjmrfn afs jcldfs m tfjfs afs prcnlcpmags prcnlcp mags vcgkfs y vcgkms, gn ga efn efntg tg qug ym gstí rggrcjf, jfnjg jcgrfn jcgrfn í lfegr í tfjfs, y jg hghgr ga vcnf v cnf qug dmhåmn dgldf, dgldf, y í lmjm unf gstmnjf gn ga hmnqugtg, jcgrfn lumtrf tmzms jg vcnf, y í ncnounf lcnlf pfrqug sg gehfrrmldmsgn, y duhf un lugxtglf qug grm lmujcaaf y sgýfr jg afs Lugxtg Lugxtglms lms qug hgh hghcü cü lcnlf tmsms jg ãa, gldü pfr mdå sus emxtags jgsluhrcgnjf sus vgroñgnzms jg af luma afs jcldfs cnvgntfrgs jga vcnf, lfrrcjfs y mrgntínjfsg euldf, sg kuntmrfn tfjfs pmrm lmstcomrag2 gepgrf lfef af supf ga Lugxtglf, sg purm vgroñgnzm sg ug duygnjf jg gaafs, y afs jgeís qug gntgnjåmn su agnoumog, y uãrfnsg u ãrfnsg ílcm Pmnûtam jg jfnjg gaafs dmhåmn vgncjf, qug ma prgsgntg sg jclg Pmntamn, y afs gspmýfags am jclgn Pínulf2 y gn aagomnjf ma pugrtf nf pujcgrfn ::


cr mjgamntg, pfr af luma maaå pfhamrfn, y sfn afs qug ma prgsgntg prg sgntg jclgn jclgn Zfflcfe Zfflcfeg, g, qug qucgrg qucgrg jglcr jglcr gn egxclmnf egxclmnf tffmepfdfmn y gn rfemnlg nugstrfs prüxcefs, y su nfehrg qug gs Lugxtglm, tfeírfnaf jg su lmujcaaf y sgýfr qug sg jglcm Lugxtglmta.² Ga P. Lamvckgrf dmhamnjf jga vcnf jclg; «Ga vcnf eís lfeûn y ga egkfr jg afs egxclmnfs, gs ga jga emougy, qug gaafs aamemn fltac, y afs a fs gspmýfags puaqug. Dílgsg jga efjf scoucgntg; lumnjf ga emougy aagom í lcgrtf tmemýf y emju emjurgz, rgz, ag lfrtmn ga tmaaf tmaaf,, ü pfr egkfr jglcr jglcr,, ams dfkms tcgrnms jg qug smag ga tmaaf, qug gstín gn ga lgntrf jg am pamntm pamn tm y jgkmn maaå unm lmvcjmj prf prfpfr pfrlcfnmjm. lcfnmjm. Xmspmn jgspuãs am supgr﬍lcg cntgrcfr jg ams afnkms orugsms qug lcrlunjmn mqugaam lmvcjmj y jg gaam smlmn un kuof jualg, gn tmntm lmntcjmj, lmntcjmj, qug unm sfam pamntm sugag jmr gn sgcs sgc s egsgs ems jg sgcslcgntms achrms, y gn tfjf ga tcgepf jg am lfsgldm ems jg jfs eca.² «\mlmn ga kuof jg am lmvcjmj lfn unm lmým, ü ems hcgn lfn unm lmamhmzm amrom y gstrgldm, y jgspuãs af pfngn gn unm vmsckm dmstm qug gregntm, af luma sulgjg mntgs jg ams vgcntclumtrf dfrms. Pmrm mlcactmr am gregntmlcün y jmr eís ugrzm í am hgh hghcjm, cjm, ag pfngn unm ygrhm qug aamemn flpmtac, ü rgegjcf jga vcnf. Ga lfafr jga puaqug gs hamnlf, ga smhfr maoûn tmntf íspgrf y am ugrzm hmstmntg pmrm pmr m gehrcmomr gehrcmomr, munqug munqug nf tmntf lfef lfef ga vcnf jg uvm. Gs hghcjm smnm y mprãlcmnag pfr euldms rmzfngs, pugs gs gxlgagntg jcurãtclf y rgegjcf g﬍lmz pmrm am jcmrrgm.² Nmjcg smhg lfn lfn lgrtgzm lgrtgz m sfhrg am ãpflm gn qug sg jgsluhrcü jgsluhrc ü ga puaqug y pfr luma jg ams trchus cnjåognms. Sm dgefs vcstf af qug jclg \mdmoûn. Nf pfjgefs fectcr, munqug sgm euy lfnflcjm, am pfãtclm agygnjm jg Tfldcta, lfef jgsluhrcjfrm jga puaqug gntrg afs tfatglms. Hmkf ga rgcnmjf jg Zglpmnlmatzcn, un nfhag tfatglm aamemjf Pmpmntzcn jgsluhrcü y prgpmrü ga puaqug ü kuof gregntmjf jg emougy, y lfef un scnouamr :7


prgsgntg, af frglcü ma efnm prgsgntg, efnmrlm, rlm, pfr emnf jg su dckm Tfldcta, Tfl dcta, kfvgn pujf pujfrfsm rfsm y morm mormjglcjm, jglcjm, jg am qug ga Xgy sg gnmefrü lfn aflurm. Pfr egjcf jg pgrsfnms jg lfn﬍mnzm dczf smhgr su mefr m am jfnlgaam, aformnjf su lfrrgspfnjgnlcm y qug sg ag gntrgomrm, scgnjf ga rutf jg gstm uncün eglfngtzcn, qug sconc﬍lm ga dckf jga emougy emougy.. \goûn Ygytcm, ga prgsgntg f rgomaf dgldf pfr Tfldcta m Zglpmnlmatzcn, nf uã un kmrrf jg puaqug, lfef gslrchg Jfn Lmrafs E. Hustmemn Hustmemntg, tg, mjuatgrmnjf (lfef af dmlg fhsgrvmr Jfn Kfsã \gourm) ga tgxtf jg \mdmoûn, pugs ga lctmjf dcstfrcmjfr jclg; «Aagvmhm gn ams emnfs un mzmmtg, y gn ãa maounfs rgomafs lfegstchags, scgnjf ga prcnlcpma prcnlcp ma un kmrrf jg ecg ecgaa jg emougy emougy.² .² - Ldce Ldcemapm mapmcn cn gn sus mnmags jclg qug afs egxclmnfs gn su pgrgorcnmlcün, pfr ga ga mýf =800, =800, jgsluhrcgrfn jgsluhrcgrfn ga ga puaqug. puaqug. GZCE. Lamvckgrf jclg; Puaqug Pua qug nf gs pmamhrm gspmýfam gspmýfam nc egxclmnm, scnf tfemjm jg am agnoum mrmulmnm qug sg dmhamhm gn Ldcag, gn am luma, l uma, puaqug gs ga nfehrg ogngrma jg ams hghcjms qug afs cnjcfs usmn pmrm gehrcmomrsg2 pgrf gs jcålca mjcvcn mjcvcnmr mr lfef pmsü gstg nfe nfehrg hrg í Eãxc Eãxclf lf.. - Gstm msgvgrmlcün jg Lamvckgrf gs cnmjecschag, pfrqug lfef dmlg fhsgrvmr ga \r. Nûýgz Frtgom, am pmamhrm puaqug puaq ug grm lfnflcj lfnflcjm m gn Eãxcl Eãxclff. lumnjf nc ga rgcn rgcnff jg Ldcag nc mûn ga jga Pgrû dmhåmn scjf jgsluhcgrtfs jgsluhcgr tfs pfr afs Gspmýfags Gn ggltf, usü jg gaam ga lfntmjfr Xfjrcof jg Mahfrnfz Mah frnfz gn lmrtm jcrcocjm m Lmrafs Y lfn gldm =7 jg Jclcgehrg jg =787. trgs egsgs mntgs jg qug Irmnlcslf Pczmrrf lfnlgrtmsg lfnlgrtms g gn Pmnmeí Pmnmeí am emaformjm gxpgjclcün jg Oumymquca. Mjgeís, Frfzlf y Hgrrm mjvcgrtg qug nf pujf gnlfntrmr am vfz puaqug gn ga jcllcfnmrcf jg ldcagncsefs jg Jfn [frfhmhga Xfjråougz. «Gs lcgrtf, jclg ga \r. Nûýgz,² qug unm trchu jg mqugaam rgocün (Ldcag), mltumaegntg jfeclcacmjm kuntf ma råf Acem y usm am pmamhrm pualf pmrm nfehrmr nfehrmr lcgrtm hghcjm gehrcmomntg prgpmrmjm lfn am gspglcg maomrfhcm «Pgrf :9


gsg nfehrg, morgom ga \gýfr Nûýgz, ug quczí cntrfjulcjf gn ldcag pfr afs Lfnqucstmjfrgs jg Eãxclf qug pmsmrfn ma Pgrû lfn Mavmrmjf y jgspuãs mlfepmýmrfn í Pgjrf jg Ymagnlcm - Irmy Jcgof jg Jurmn, jclg qug ga vflmhaf puaqug puaq ug nf gs egxclmn egxclmnff scnf jg ams Cs Csams, ams, lfef emåz y nmoums y ftrms vflgs qug trmkgrfn afs lfnqucstmjfrgs jg am Gspmýfam. Am msgvgrmlcün jg gstg rmcag gs ormtuctm, pfrqug pfr qug gn ams Csa Csams ms nf lfnflcgr lfnflcgrfn fn ga puaqu puaqugg hmkf ncn ncnounm ounm frem, nc su nfe nfehrg hrg sg rgocstr rgocstrm m gn maoûn jcllcf jcllcfnmrcf nmrcf mntcaamnf. - Ga sgýfr Nûýgz Frtgom fpcnm qug puaqug gs unm mjuatgrmlcün jga pmrtclcpcf egxclmnf pfacudquc, jgslfepugstf. Dg mquå su gxpfsclcün; «M prcegr gxíegn lrgåefs qug am vfz puaqug rgsuatmhm jg unm egtfncecm egtfnce cm jcrgltm2 gs jglcr, qug ga pfacûdquc ultac (Y (Ycnf cnf jgslfepugstf) pmsü í sgr jgsconmjf pfr ga pmrtclcpcf qug ag jmhm su lmacjmj jgtgrecnmntg, y qug ga sgntcjf egrmegntg mhstrmltf jg am pmamhrm pfacudquc, dmhåm tfemjf jgspuãs ga lmríltgr jg nfehrg lfn sgntcjf lfnlrgtf, lfef gs ga lmsf jg am vfz ducztac (punzmntg), qug pfr sc sfam sconc﬍lm ûltac nugvf. Pgrf gn sgounjm lfnscjgrmlcün, y í lmusm jg am agtrm r cntrfjulcjm gn ga hmrhmrcsef pualrg, dgefs vgncjf m kuzomr qug ga usf jg moautcnmlcün tmn lfepaclmjm lfef pfacudqucûltac, pfr eís qug nf ugsg gxtrmfrjcnmrcm gn am agnoum nídumta, jghcü frcocnmr jgsjg ga prcnlcpcf un mpülfpg gn ga pmrtclcpcff pfac pmrtclcpc pfacûdqu ûdquc, c, lfn lfnvcrtcgnjf vcrtcgnjf am jcllcü jcllcün n pfac pfacûd ûd (-quc) + ûltacpfacudûltac y sulgscvmegntg pfacûlatc, lfnsgrvmnjf tfjmvåm gn =780 su nmturma gpåtmscs. Gs prfhmh prf hmhag ag qug am vfz pfac pfacûltac ûltac ugsg jg jcålca gxprg gxprgscün scün pmrm pmr m afs lfnq lfnqucstmj ucstmjfrg frgs, s, qucgn qucgngs, gs, scgnjf gn su emy emyfr fr pmrtg, gxtrge gxtrgefs fs y mnjm mnjmaulgs, aulgs, lme lmehcmr hcmrfn fn am ta gn r, jg af luma, lfn ga tcgepf, rgsuatmrfn pfaculrg y pualrg. Afs cnjåognms, qug nf tgnåmn am agtrm r, r, í su vgz lfegnzmrfn m jglcr puabg lumnjf dmhamhmn lfn afs gspmýfags, y am vfz qugjü mså fremjm y mlgntumjm gn su prcegrm :?


såamhm. Ga \r. Nûýgz lfeunclü ma prfgsfr jg mrqugfafoåm jg am uncvgrscjmj jg Omntg, E. Jg Lguagnggr su mrtåluaf sfhrg am vfz puaqug, jga qug dgefs tfemjf afs pírrmfs prgcnsgrtfs, prgc nsgrtfs, y ga prfgsf prfgsfrr ag lfntgstü lfntgstü af scoucgntg; scoucgntg; «Dg agåjf mtgntmegntg ga cntgrgsmntg gstujcf jg Yj. y dg lfn lfnvgrsmjf vgrsmjf sfhr sfhrgg su lfn lfntgncj tgncjff lfn ec lfago lfagom, m, E. Ece Ececldga cldga pfr af qug rgsp rgspgltm gltm í am pmrtg ﬍afaüocl ﬍afaüoclm. m. Lfef Yj. sg scrvcü jglcreg qug jgsgmhm ag gxprgsmsg rmnlmegn rmnl megntg tg ec fpc fpcncün, ncün, eg pgrect pgrectcrã crã gxpfng gxpfngrr ams scoucgntgs lfnscjgrmlcfngs; am prcegrm pmrtg, pmr tg, gn qug Yj. Yj. trmtm jg prfhmr qug am pmamhrm puaqug nf gs jg frcogn ldcagnf, scnf jg frcogn nmduma, eg pmrglg cnmtmlmhag. Afs jcvgrsfs mrouegntfs qug Yj. prfjulg lfntrm Jcgof Jurmn eg pmrglgn lfnlauygntgs. Gn lumntf í am sgounjm pmrtg, rgamtcvm ma sconc﬍lmjf jg am vfz puaqug, puaq ug, eg pgrect pgrectcrã crã dmlgr nftm nftmrr qug sc hcgn sg s g pugjg pgrgltmegntg pgrgltmeg ntg mjectc mjectcr2 r2 eís mûn, qug sc prfhmh prfhmhagegn agegntg tg sg jghg mjectcr, jgspuãs jg dmhgr agåjf am jcsgrtmlcün jg Yj. qug am vfz puaqug sconc﬍lm vcnf emagmjf, mlmsf sgm eís nmturma lfnscjgrmr am pmamhrm puaqug lfef unm lfntrmllcün jg pfacudquc, qug jg pfacudquc fltac, scgnjf prfhmhag qug am vfz fltac nunlm dmym scjf usmjm m lfntcnumlcün. Gn nugstrfs jåms sg jclg mecacmregntg unm lfpm jg Pmrrms, unm lfpm jg vgrjg, sg gntcgnjg qug sg trmtm jg vcnf. Pfr af jgeís gstmhaglcjf ga sconc﬍lmjf jg pfacudquc, am pmamhrm fltac vcgng í sgr cnutca y am lfntrmllcün gn «puaqug² sg gxpaclm eís ílcaegntg.² Lrggefs qug ga vflmhaf egxclmnf pfacudquc jcf frcogn ma mztgqucsef puaqug2 pgrf, lfef af jckf E. jg Lguagnlgr m Nûýgz, pfr sc sfaf, scn kuntmrsg lfn am pmamhrm fltac, vcnf, pmrm fremr ga lfepugstf pfacudqu pfac udqucfltac. cfltac. \c afs egxclm egxclmnfs nfs gepa gepagmr gmrfn fn tmags pmamhrms, pmam hrms, af dclcgrfn, dclcgrfn, ü sgpmrmjmeg sgpmrmjmegntg, ntg, y gntfnlg gntfnlgss dmn jg dmhgr jcldf fltac pfacudquc, ü gn lfepfsclcün, y ga :4


vflmhaf jghcü sgr pfacutclmfltac, pfrqug ams pmamhrms tgrecnmjms gn quc, lumnjf gntrmn gn lfepfsclcün, lfnvcgrtgn am a m scamhm quc gn lm2 v.o.; jg lflfzquc, gngref, y jg lmaac, lmsm, sg frem lflfzlmaac, lmsm jg gngrefs, dfspctma. Am pmamhrm pfacudquc qug sg prfnunlcm tmehcãn puacudquc, hmstm pfr sc sfam pmrm fremr ga mztgqucsef puaqug. Pgrf nf gstmefs lfnfregs lfn Nûýgz nc lfn ga prfgsfr jg Omntg, gn qug pfacudquc dmym scjf ga nfehrg jg am hghcjm. Ga puaqug nf scgeprg gstí emagmjf, jgslfepugstf ü lfrrfepcjf. Lumnjf am gregntmlcün gregn tmlcün dm aagomj aagomjff í su pun puntf tf y am gam gamhfr hfrmlcün mlcün sg dm dgldf lfn msgf, su smhfr gs mormjmhag y sus prfpcgjmj prf pcgjmjgs gs from fromnfaãp nfaãptclms tclms gxlgsc gxlgscvms, vms, y í gsg tåtu tåtuaf af sg gepagm dmstm lfef egjclcnma, nf sg lfnlchg qug un pughaf mjfptg lfef hghcjm un aclfr luyf gstmjf pgremngntg pgremng ntg sgm ga jg lfrruplcün f jgslfe jgslfepfsclcü pfsclcün. n. Ga nfehrg jga puaqug gntrg afs egxclmnfs grm cztmlfltac, «vcnf hamnlf.² Lumnjf sg emagmhm ü lfrrfepåm, gntfnlgs sc grm fltac pfacudquc2 y lfef ílcaegntg sg jgslfepfng, ü lfrrfepg, pugs sfaf jurm pftmhag jg 8: m <9 dfrms, afs qug af gamhfrmhmn, gxpgjåmn, ü hghåmn dmn jg dmhgr prfnunlcmjf euy í egnujf am pmamhrm pfacudqu pfac udqucc f puacudquc puacudquc lumnjf fhsgrvmhm fhsgrvmhmn n su rglugntg rglugntg jgslfepfsclcün2 y afs gspmýfags, ma får tma pmamhrm, dmn jg dmhgr lrgcjf qug lfn gaam sg gxprgsmhm ga nfehrg jg am hghcjm y nf su emam lmacjmj, y matgrmnjf ga vflmhaf fremrfn frem rfn ga hmrhm hmrhmrcsef rcsef puaqug. puaqug. Zma gs gs nugstr nugstrm m fpcn fpcncün. cün.

\c hcgn sg dmn lrgmjf jcvgrsms tgfrcms sfhrg ga sconc﬍lmjf jg puaqug, af mnftmjf pfr Xfhgaf scoucgnjf m Nûýgz gs lfnscjgrmjf dmstm mdfrm af eís mjglumjf rgspgltf ma frcogn jg am pmamhrm2 scn gehmrof, mnftmrã maounfs puntfs cepfrtmntgs rgspgltf m am lfniusm gtcefafoåm qug nfs pfjråmn cntrfjulcr gn ifrem eís jcrgltm m am lfeprgscün jga tãrecnf cnjåognm. :3


Jgstmlmr prcegrf qug sc hcgn ga puaqug tcgng pmrm euldms pgrsfnms un fafr un tmntf jgsmormjmhag, gstf nf sconc﬍lm qug sg gnlugntrg jgslfepugstf pugs mûn tgncgnjf vmrcfs jåms maemlgnmjf sc oumrjm lcgrtms lfnjclcfngs ga puaqug sg dmrí eís iugrtg y lfn un ormjf emyfr jg malfdfa, gepagmnjf euldfs vgnjgjfrgs jg puaqug unm rglgntm lfnscstgntg gn morgomr moum y mzulmr pmrm ‑egkfrmr― mquga puaqug iugrtg, pfr af luma rgsuatm cnlfnorugntg mqugaam lfrtm pftmhcacjmj supugstm. \c nfs rgectcefs m am acnoñcstclm nídumta, sg gnlugntrm lfn imlcacjmj qug am pmamhrm pfafm nf jgsconm fhkgtfs qug gntrmn gn gstmjf jg jgslfepfsclcü j gslfepfsclcün n nmturma, scnf qug gn un sgntcjf eís mhstrmltf sugag jgsconmr pgrsfnms u fhkgtfs qug sg pcgrjgn f jgstruygn, mnmaczmnjf ga ifacf 4<-v gnlfntrmefs gntrg ftrfs tãrecnfs afs scoucgntgs; Pfacudquc. lfm qug g pgrjcf. Pfacu. nc. pgrglgr, f jgmpmrglgr, f pgrjgrg y jgirucrg. Pfafm. nctam. pgrjgr maof, f pgrjgr ga kuczcf y jgmtcnmrg.

Gstfs sfn afs qug nfs mprfxcemn mprfxcemn eís ma sgntcjf jg am pmamhrm puaqug, ym qug tgnjråmefs lfef prcegr rmåz ga tãrecnf pfafm, qug gntrmnjf gn lfepfsclcün ifrem am pmamhrm pfacud pfac ud, m am luma lum a morgomrgefs morgomrgefs ga su﬍kf mhstrmltf - quc2 jg gstm pfacudqu udqucc qug Efacnm lctm lfef emngrm am pmamhrm pfac l fef ‑lfsm ‑lfsm qug qu g sg pgrjcü―, scoucgnjf ams pmamhrms scoucgntgs mrrfkm am auz jga tãrecnf pugs lfnflcgnjf am ormn lmntcjmj jg guigecsefs y jcirmscsefs lfn qug sg gxprgsmhmn afs pughafs cnjåognms pfacudquc udquc sconc﬍qug mjgeís y pfr nf gs jg gxtrmýmrsg qug pfac tmntf ‑lfsm qug dmlg pgrjgr ga kuclcf―, f ‑lfsm qug jgstruyg―, ‑ga jgstrul jgst rultfr― tfr―,, ‑ga ‑ga qug dmlg dm lg pgrjgr pg rjgr ga kuclcf ku clcf―2 ―2 m af luma vmag am pgnm jgstmlmr am dcstfrcm jg ]ugtzmalfmta qug jclg;

70


Augof aamemrfn ma vcgkf Zctamlmulín mjfnjg gstmhm ]ugtzmalümta y jckf; \gýfr dckf, lüef gstícs, mquå trmcof unm egjclcnm pmrm qug am hghícs. \gýfr vgcs mquå am egjclcnm qug fs trmcof2 gs unm hugnm y smaujm smaujmhag hag y sg gehf gehfrrmldm rrmldm qucgn am hghg2 sc qugrã qugrãcs cs hghgr gehfrrmldmrfs dm y smnmrfs dm jg afs trmhmkfs y mtcoms mt coms y jg am eugrtg, eugrtg, f jg vugstrm vugstrm cjm. S ga jcldf ]ugtzmalfmta oustü y prfhüam, y jgspuãs hghcüam jclcgnjf; ¶]uã gs gstf6 Pmrglg sgr lfsm euy hugnm y smhrfsm2 ym eg smnü y quctü am gngregjmj, ym gstfy smnf. S ga jcldf ]ugtzmalümta hghcüam ftrm vgz, jg qug sg gehfrrmldü y lfegnzü m aafrmr trcstgegntg, y sg ag efvcü y mhamnjü ga lfrmzün pmrm crsg, y nf sg ag quctü jga pgnsmecgntf af qug tgnåm pfr gnomýf, qug ag dczf ga jcldf ncorfemntg vcgkf2 y am egjclcnm qug hghcü ga jcldf ]ugtzmalümta grm vcnf hamnlf jg am tcgrrm, dgldf jg emougygs qug aamemn tgüegta.

Gs jg gstm emngrm qug am pmamhrm puaqug nf jgrcvmråm jg pfacuquc pfac uquc fltac lfef suogråm Ínoga Nûýgz jg Frtgom, ma luma pfacudquc udquc qug sconc﬍lm ‑lfsm qug scoucü Xfhgaf, scnf jg pfac dmlg pgrjgr ga kuclcf― f ‑lfsm qug jgstruyg―, ‑ga jgstrultfr―, ‑ga qug dmlg pgrjgr ga kuclcf―.

Puaqugråm; (nídumta). \ctcf jfnjg sg vgnjg puaqug. pfacudqu udqucc-puaqug y ga su﬍kf -gråm pmrm jgsconmr Jga nídumta pfac lumacjmj f pgrtgngnlcm. Puaqugrf; (nídumta). Jgsconm m am pgrsfnm gnlmromjm jg am prfjullcün, m am vgntm f ma prfpcf lfnsuecjfr jga puaqug. pfacudqu udqucc-puaqug y ga su﬍kf - grf qug cnjclm Jga nídumta pfac lmrof u flupmlcün.

7=


•]• ]ugactg; (nídumta). Xglchgn gstg nfehrg tfjf tcpf jg pamntms lfegstchags y jg usf lfeûn gn ga lmepf. Jga nídumta qucacta qug Efacnm jg﬍ng lfef vgrjurm, f ygrums lfegichags. lfegichags.

]ucftg; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga tmaaf ﬈frma jga emougy. \ugag gepagmrsg pmrm lfnstrullcün. Jga nídumta qucyftac qug Efacnm jg﬍ng lfef tmaaf jg ygrum f vgrjurm. Am gtcefafoåm gs pfr jgeís cntgrgsmntg munqug lfepaclmjm, pugs ga tãrecnf quc sg gepagm pmrm jgsconmr am smacjm jg maof, ecgntrms qug yfta sconc﬍lm sconc﬍lm ‑ga sgr jg maof―, jg gstm emngrm sg cntgrprgtmråm lfef ‑am smacjm jga sgr jga emougy―, jg su vcjm ecsem, jg su lrgmlcün u frcogn. Ga cntgrgsmjf pugjg lfnsuatmr ga ifacf 43-r jg Efacnm.

78


•Z• Zmpmtgpm; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg unm tmpm jg hmrrf jg ifrem pmtgntmjm qug iug jgsmrrfaamjm gn am Dmlcgnjm jg Zgpm ga Ldclf pmrm luhrcr ga lmkgtg jg afs emougygs y mså cepgjcr su lfntmecnmlcün lfntmecnmlcün f am gntrmjm jg moum pauvcma. Iug cnvgntmjm cnvgn tmjm pfr Ecouga Emlgjf Gnlcsf y prgsgntmjm gn kuncf jg =3=8. Lrmscs acnoñcstcl a cnoñcstclmm jg Zmpm Zmpm Zgpm, Zgpm, jg j g tmpm-pcgzm qug scrvg pmrm luhrcr am pmrtg supgrcfr jg un fhkgtf y Zgpm Zgpm pfr am dmlcgnjm jg Zgpm ga Ldclf, uhclmjm gn [gepfmam, Dcjmaof. Zglfa; (nídumta). Yãmsg Ldcncluca . Gtce. jgslfnflcjm. Zglfemtg; (nídumta). Xglchg gstg nfehrg un rglcpcgntg jg hmrrf jg ifrem mhuatmjm y gsigrclm gn am pmrtg p mrtg cnigrcfr. cnigrcfr. Efacnm rgocstrm am pmamhrm tglfemta lfef vmf jg hmrrf, lfef tmïm dfnjm. 7<


Zgpmzfa; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga egzftg fhtgncjf jg ams pmrtgs hmkms jga emougy, sg lmrmltgrczm pfr su lfnscstgnlcm lfnscst gnlcm ﬍hrfsm gn ga gxtrgef jga luma gs jgsprgnjcjf. jgsprgnjcjf. \g ifrem jg ams pmrtåluams nídumta tgtcm- vgrhf qug sconc﬍lm pmïfatcl tcl-lfsm gnrgjmjm, gnrfslmjm f amnujm2 gnjurglgrsg y pmïfa dmlg rgigrgnlcm m am lfnscst lfnscstgnlcm gnlcm jurm y ﬍hrfsm jga egzftg. Zcnmlma; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga sctcf f dmhctmlcün jfnjg sg rgmaczm am igregntmlcün jga puaqug m trmvãs jg tcnms2 gstms sfn dgldms ogngrmaegntg lfn un lugrf jg rgs, ga luma gs lfaflmjf egjcmntg lcgrtf prflgsf mrtgsmnma ifremnjf unm lfnlmvcjmj sfhrg un emrlf jg emjgrm jg gnlcnf gnlcnf.. Prfvcgng jg un dåhrcjf nídumta-lmstgaamnf, jg ams rmålgs tcnm-rglcp -rglcpcgntg cgntg jg ifrem lcaånjrclm f jg lmajgrm, y lmaac-lmsm2 ‑Lmsm jg ams tcnms―. Zamlumldg; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg un pgqugýf emecigrf emrsupcma, fencvfrf y jg díhctfs nflturnfs jga frjgn Jcjgapdcefrpdcm. \g lfnscjgrm un mncema qug lmusm jmýf m am prfjullcün jg moumecga ym qug sugag cntrfjulcrsg m afs lmkgtgs pmrm hghgr h ghgr su lfntgncjf. lfntgncjf. Lumnjf gstg mncema sg vg cepgjcjf jg am fhtgnlcün jg moumecga pfr am lfaflmlcün jg pcgjrms f tmpm-tgpm gn am pmrtg supgrcfr jga lmkgtg, jgiglm pfr maoûn frc﬍lcf cntrfjulcgnjf pfstgrcfregntg pfstgrcfregn tg su lfam pmrm gnsulcmr ga lfntgncjf, lfntgncjf, jgkmnjf ma emougy scn prfjulcr pfr maounms sgemnms dmstm qug sg dm rgmaczmjf unm acepcgzm tftma pfr ga tamldcqugrf. tamldcqugrf. Gstg mncema gs lfegstchag, scgnjf prgpmrmjf usumaegntg gn egxcftg, su lfam gs gepagmjm lfef rgegjcf2 munqug nf sg lfrrfhfrm su gepagf gn ga matcpamnf, gn maounms pmrtgs jg am rgpûhaclm gs gepagmjf lfef mhfrtcvf f pmrm imlcactmr ga pmrtf. Jg gtcefafoåm jgslfnflcjm, ga nfehrg gs lctmjf pfr Dgrnínjgz, \ceãfn, \mdmoûn, Lamvckgrf y ftrfs mutfrgs lfef tamlumta f tamqumta y y am pmrtåluam rgvgrgnlcma - tzcn pfr 7:


sgr prfhmhagegntg un mncema vgngrmjf gntrg afs mntcoufs pughafs cnjåognms pfr sus prfpcgjmjgs egjclcnmags.

Zamlumagrf; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg am pgrsfnm gnlmromjm jg aagvmr macegntfs m afs trmhmkmjfrgs jga lmepf. Jga nídumta tamlumaac-lfecjm, y ga su﬍kf - grf qug cnjclm lmrof u flupmlcün. Zamldcafag; (nídumta). Jftmlcün jg puaqug qug sg jgstcnm jg ifrem jcmrcm ma trmhmkmjfr pmrm su lfnsuef pgrsfnma, tmehcãn gs lfnflcjm lfef rmlcün. Prfhmhagegntg Prfhmhage gntg gs un jgspgltcvf jg tamldcqug. Zamldcqug; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg ga puaqug qug nf dm tgncjf unm igregntmlcün lfepagtm y tcgng un smhfr jualg2 tmehcãn sg jgnfecnm jg gstm emngrm ma puaqug jg emam lmacjmj prfjulcjf pfr emougygs jg ån﬍em lmacjmj. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs tam-pmrtåluam gepagmjm pmrm jgsconmr lfsms y fhkgtfs, g cldcquc-rmspmr, pmamhrm qug \ceãfn lctm emougy,, pmrm lfef; rmspmr maof, lfef ga cntgrcfr jga tmaaf jga emougy smlmr su kuof, su aåqucjf. Efacnm trmjulg tmehcãn am pmamhrm p mamhrm cldcquc lfef rmpmr ga lfrmïfn jga emougc pmrm mlmr ecga . Zamldcqugrf; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg am pgrsfnm gnlmromjm jg rmspmr ga lmkgtg jga emougy y gxtrmgr ga moumecga pmrm trmnspfrtmraf ma tcnmlma. Jgrcvm jg tamldcqug y ga su﬍kf -grf qug cnjclm lmrof u flupmlcün. Zamnlumagkf; (nídumta). Cepagegntf lfaflmjf gn ga dflclf jg un hurrf qug prgsgntm lüaclfs f qug eugstrm jgsfhgjcgnlcm2 lfnstm jg un trfzf jg rmem jg írhfa jg pcrû y frcnm duemnm sukgtmjm egjcmnt eg jcmntgg un amzf. Jgrcvm jga nídumta tamnqumaac-efrjgjgrm y ga su﬍kf jgspgltcvf lmstgaamnf -gkf. 77


Zamxlmpín; (nídumta). Pamntm dgrhílgm mrhustcvm pgrtgnglcgntg m am imecacm jg ams Lfnvfavuaílgms. \g gepagm lfaflínjfsg ma cntgrcfr jga lmkgtg jga emougy unm vgz qug gstg dm scjf lmpmjf pmrm qug pujrm eís rmpcjmegntg y prfjuzlm moumecga. Gn jfs pfhamlcfngs jga matcpamnf (\mntcmof Zgpgymdumalf, Dcjmaof y \mn Igacpg Zgftctaín, Eãxclf) ga mrhustf sglf gs gepagmjf jurmntg am lgaghrmlcün jg jåm jg eugrtfs, rgmaczínjfsg unm mltcvcjmj aamemjm ‑Auecnmrcms―, lfnscstgntg lfnscst gntg gn am rglfagllcün jg ormn lmntcjmj jg tamxlmpmn qug gs gnlgnjcjm jurmntg ams nfldgs, tgncgnjf am lrggnlcm qug m am dfogrm aagomn afs eugrtfs m rglchcr lmafr y lfnvcvcr lfn afs vcvfs. \c hcgn ga vflmhuamrcf jg Efntgemyfr suocgrg qug prfhmhagegntg jgrcvm jg tamxlmaac-lflcjf, y - pmn lfef aflmtcvf,, jcldm cntgrprgtmlcün gs un grrfr aflmtcvf gr rfr irglugntg ma dmlgr unm aglturm pmrlcma jga vflmhuamrcf jg Efacnm2 am pmamhrm tamxlmpmn pmrglg sgr unm lfrruplcün ifnãtclm jg tamxlmpmtac jg ams rmålgs tam-tãrecnf gepagmjf pmrm jgsconmr jg ifrem pmtacc-egjclcnm2 ‑egjclcnm ogngrma m fhkgtfs, cxlm-lflgr, y pmta jg lflcecgntf―, scgnjf ga gepagf jg gstm pamntm pmrm aformr ga lflcecgntf f emjurmlcün jga emougy pmrm am prfjullcün jga puaqug.

79


•T• Tmxtag; (nídumta). Xgscjuf qug sg lfnlgntrm gn am pmrtg cnigrcfr jg ams tcnms jg puaqug, gs gepagmjf lfef agvmjurm pmrm am pgpmrmlcün jg pmn y lfef macegntf macegntf pmrm lgrjfs. Jgrcvm jga nídumta xcnmldtac-sgecaam, gstf sg jghg m su mpmrcgnlcm sgegkmntg sgegkmntg m am jg pgqugýms sgecaams sg ecaams dûegjms. Tchftg; (ftfeå). Nfehrg mpaclmjf m un rglcpcgntg ceprfvcsmjf jg lugrf, pgnlm, paístclf f unm amtm jfnjg sg rglfagltmn ousmnfs jg emougy f ldcnclucags. Jgrcvm jga ftfeå xc-pcga, lugrf, líslmrm, y am pmamhrm lmstgaamnm hftg-rglcpcgntg pmrm maemlgnmr maounm lfsm2 ‑hftg jg lugrf―. Tcehü; (ftfeå). Xglchg gstg nfehrg lcgrtf tcpf jg pamtcaaf prgpmrmjf gn ga luma sg cntrfjulg am eís jcvgrsm lmntcjmj 7?


jg cnorgjcgntgs gntrg am lutåluam jg emougy jg unm pgnlm rglcãn lfrtmjm2 unm vgz rgaagnm, gs mtmjm lfn un mamehrg y msmjm jcrgltmegntg sfhrg ga iugof, gepagmnjf usumaegntg agým jg pcrû f egzftgs. Gn tfrnf m gstg efjf jg prgpmrmlcün jg macegntfs sg dm ogngrmjf un egrlmjf lrglcgntg qug mýmjg lmjm vgz eís cnorgjcgntgs, scgnjf gn am mntcoñgjmj gxlauscvf jg am ogntg qug trmhmkmhm gn ga lmepf qucgngs gepagmhmn maoûn lfngkf, nfpmags y dcgrhms lfegstchags pmrm su prgpmrmlcün2 gn am mltumacjmj sugag morgomrsg pfaaf, pgslmjf, lmrng jg lgrjf, gtl. Jgrcvm jg ams rmålgs xc-pgnlm, y ehf-jgntrf jg2 ‑jgntrf jg am pgnlm―. Ga usf jg gstm pmamhrm gs gxlauscvm gn ga Ymaag jga Egzquctma y am lcujmj jg Pmldulm jg \ftf, am ifrem gepagmjm gn ga Matcpamnff Puaqugrf gs xcehftg. Matcpamn lcgr tf tcpf jg pamtcaaf Tcehftg; (ftfeå). Nfehrg qug rglchg lcgrtf lfnscstgntg gn am lfllcün jg jcvgrsfs cnorgjcgntgs gn ga cntgrcfr jg unm pgnlm jg emougy msmjm. Nmdumtaczmlcün jg xcehü, jg ams rmålgs xc-pgnlm, y ehfjgntrf jg, y ga su﬍kf mhstrmltf nídumta - fta qug cnjclm prfpcgjmj f pgrsfnc﬍lmlcün2 sc hcgn ga sconc﬍lmjf actgrma gs ‑jgntrf jg am pgnlm―, ma morgomr am pmrtåluam - fta sg sg pfjråm trmjulcr lfef ‑Pgnlm rgaagnm―. Ga usf jg gstg tãrecnf gs gxlauscvf jga Matcpamnf Puaqugrf, jfnjg nf sg gepagm am vfz xcehü qug gs eís irglugntg m pmrtcr jg am lcujmj jg Pmldulm jg \ftf dmlcm am zfnm jga Ymaag jga Egzquctma.

Tcxc; (ftfeå). Nfehrg qug rglchg am pmrtg ﬍hrfsm jg am pgnlm qug sg gnlugntrm hmkf ga egxcftg. Jgrcvm jga rgjupaclmtcvf jg am rmåz ftfeå xc-pcga, lugrf, líslmrm, gtl. af luma sconc﬍lm gn jcldm agnoum ﬍hrm f líslmrm jga emougy. 74


Tfem; (nídumta). Nfehrg qug rglchg am gxtrgecjmj jg unm pgnlm lfrtmjm, am luma gs gepagmjm lfef rglgptíluaf pmrm hghgr moumecga f aåqucjfs2 tmehcãn gs utcaczmjm pmrm lfaflmr macegntfs. Jgrcvm jga nídumta xfemtac, pmamhrm qug Efacnm rg﬍grg lfef luldmrm jg hmrrf2 pmrglg pfr tmntf dmlgr rgigrgnlcm m am ifrem lünlmvm gepagmjm pmrm lfntgngr macegntfs.

73

•S• Smouma; (nídumta). Miãrgscs jg egymdumaün, vãmsg.

90

HCHACFOXMIÅM ��, Aucs. Jcllcfnmrcf jg mztgqucsefs. Lfafiün, Eãxclf, 8008. ��,, Irmnlcslf \mvgrcf , Dcstfrcm Mntcoum jg �� Egoclf Eg oclf. Zrmjullcün jga ctmacmnf pfr Kfsã Kfmquån jg Efrm. Ceprgsf pfr Lmrafs _ffj, Afnjrgs, =489. ��, �� , Emrtån jg am, Achgaaus jg egjclcnmachus cnjfrue dgrhcs. Zrmjullcün amtcnm jg Kumn Hmjcmnf. ILG, Eãxclf, =339. �� , Xmûa, Ga puaqug. Gjct. K. Efrtcz, Eãxclf, =347. ��, Irmnlcslf, Xgrue egjclmrue Nfvmg Dcspmncmg tdgsmurus, Dcspmncmg tdgsmuru s, sgu, s gu, Pamntmrue mncemacue mncemacue ecngrmacue Egxclmnfru Egxcl mnfrue e dcstfrcm dcstfrcm. Xfem, =984. �� , Kfmquån, Lmtglcsef y jglamrmlcfn jg am jfltrcnm lrcstcmnm gn agnoum ftfec lfn un vflmhuamrcf jga ecsef cjcfem. Ceprgsf pfr Magkmnjrf Ymajãs, Eãxclf,

=489.

�� , Ecouga, Em Emnuma numa jga emougygr emougygrff. Hmrtfafeg Zrullf, Eãxclf, =390. ��, Emxcecnf, D��, Irmnlcslf . H ftms, Eãxclf, Eãxclf, Ams pamntms egjclcnmags jg Eãxclf. Gjclcfngs Hftms, =393. ��, �� , Pcamr, Ga lmagpcnf jg \mdmoûn; un mlgrlmecgntf. ILG, Eãxclf, 8008. ��, Mafnsf jg, Yflmhuamrcf gn agnoum Lmstgaamnm/Egxclmnm - Egxclmnm/Lmstgaamnm. Pfrrûm, Eãxclf, 8004. ��, �� , Lmrafs Lmrafs,, Jcllcfnmrcf jga nídumta gn ga gspmýfa jg Eãxclf. WNME, Eãxclf, 800?.

9=

�� , Lmraf Lmrafs, s, Am agxclformåm jga emougy y ga puaqug gn [fntglfemtg, Gjf. jg Dcjmaof . Zgscs pmrm fptmr pfr ga Zåtuaf jg Aclgnlcmjf gn Agtrms Gspmýfams lfn gspglcmacjmj gn Icafafoåm. Wncvgrscjmj Wncvgrscjmj Chgrfmegrclmnm. Eãxclf, =398. ��, Conmlcf jg. Lfepgnjcf jga mrtg jg am agnoum egxclmnm jga P. Dfrmlcf Lmrfldc jg am Lfepmýåm jg Kgsûs Kgs ûs. Eãxclf, =?37. �� , Emrcf, Conmlcf Zfrrgs Mjmacj Mjmac j y am cnjustrcm puaqugrm. WNME, Eãxclf, 8000. �� . �� , ��, Iãacx, Jcllcfnmrcf jg egkclmncsefs2 lfagllcün jg aflulcfngs y rmsgs vclcfsms lfn sus lfrrgspfnjcgntgs lråtclms2 lfrrgllcfngs unjmjms gn mutfrcjmjgs jg am agnoum; eíxcems, rgrmngs, rg rmngs, prfvcnlcmacsefs prfvcnlcmacsefs c rgefqugs pfpuamrgs jg tfjfs afs Gstmjfs jg am Xgpûhaclm Egxclmnm Egxcl mnm. Dgrrgrf Dnfs. Gjctfrgs, Eãxclf, =434. ��,, Lglcac �� Lglcacf, f, Jcllcfnmrcf jg mztgqucsefs; ü sgm, lmtíafof jg ams pmamhrms jga cjcfem nídumta, mztglm ü egxclmnf, cntrfjulcjfs ma cjcfem lmstgaamnf hmkf jcvgrsms frems (lfn (lfntrchulcü trchulcün n ma jcllcf jcllcfnmrcf nmrcf nmlcfn nmlcfnma) ma). Cepr. jga

mutfr. Lugrnmvmlm, =30:. ��, Hgrnmrjcnf jg, Dcstfrcm Ogngrma jg ams Lfsms jg am Nugvm Gspmým. Pfrrûm, Eãxclf, 8009. CY tfefs. ��, Kfsã L., Ga emougy; egefrcm sfhrg ga luatcvf y ga hgng﬍lcf jg sus prfjultfs. \. Morålfam Egxclmnm, Eãxclf, =30=. ��, Xgec, Jcllcfnmrcf jg am agnoum nídumta f egxclmnm. Zrmjullcün jg Kfsg﬍nm Facvm jg Lfaa, \coaf �� Gjctfrgs, Eãxclf, 800?. Jglcefnfvgnm gjclcün gn gspmýfa. ��, Irmy Moustån jg, Zgmtrf Egxclmnf, Lrünclm jg am Prfvcnlcm jga \mntf Gvmnogacf jg Eãxclf. Pfrrûm, Eãxclf, =348.

98

YGX\CÜN JCOCZ JCOCZMA MA PFX IMYFX NF XGJC\ZXCHWSM \W LFEPXM G\ CEPFXZMNZG PMXM AM GJCLCÜN JG NWGYF\ EMZGXCMAG\ JG CNYG\ZCOMLCÜN

Yflmhuamrcf nídumta jga emougy y ga puaqug

jg Ogrmrjf Hrmvf Ymroms sg jcoctmaczü gn nfvcgeh nfvcgehrg rg jg 80=:.

Gerardo Bravo Vargas - Vocabulario Náhuatl del Maguey y el Pulque

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