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GEOMECANICA APLICADA AL PLANEAMIENTO Y EXPLOTACION DE YACIMIENTOS EN MINERIA SUBTERRANEA Dr. Dr. Vidal Navarro Torres Consultor Intercade 1
I. PLANEAMIENT PLANEAMIENTO O DE EXPLOTACION SUBTERRANEA
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EL PLANEAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE PLANEAMIENTO
Planning Planning is the process process to get the right material material out of the mine at the right time to obtain the lowest possible cost per unit of final commodity product in order to fulfil the business targets of the company
With the right. Planning Planning is divided divided into two major segments, segments, often often classified as strategic or operational: Strategic planning is the broade • Strategic broadest, st, highes highestt level, level, and longes longestt term term effo effort rt
concerned with defining the objectives of the firm—where the firm wants to go and how it will get there. Operational planning, planning, often relates to the activities of the organization that • Operational concer concern n he near near term, term, but its primary primary focus focus is contr controll olling ing the action actionss to .
Planning may also be further described as long‐range, intermediate‐range and short‐range. The distin distincti ctions ons result result from from the time time frame frame covere covered, d, indiv individu iduals als involved, and activities incorporated in each type. Needless to say, these many classificati classifications ons of planning planning may be confusing, confusing, because they often often overlap, overlap, and definitions may vary from company to company. company.
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
LA ESTRUCTURA DEL PLANEAMIENTO DE MINA
Planning
Planning
g n i l l o r t n o C
Functions of Management
O r g a n i z i n g
Strategio Time Span
- Long Term >10 yeras -
Establishes
Operational
,
- Mission, Objetives
<1 year 1 – 5 years years
- Short and intermediate Term - O eratin Mana ement - Action to Achieve Mission & Objectives
Implementing
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PLANEAMIENTO A LARGO, MEDIO Y CORTO PLAZO
Long-range plans can set the direction of the enterprise and may be years ). These plans focus analogous to strategic planning ( more to fiv e years on the mission, objectives, and strategies of the company, but also influence and uide intermediat iate- and short-ran e o erational lannin .
Intermediate-range Intermediate-range p lans this planning provides the the means for achieving the mission and long-term goals. The plans, depending on the company’s definition of short-term planning, usually have an outlook of two to fiv e years years .
Short-range plans cover a span of one year or less. Ideally, these would e geare o ong ong- erm an n erme a e- erm programs as we as e overall strategic plan. Here investment funds, revenues, production, and activities can be budgeted with a more reliable degree of accuracy and can be measured on quarterly or more frequent bases.
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
INFORMACION TECNICA NECESARIA PARA EL PLANEAMIENTO DE EXPLOTACION
Geológica y geotécnica:
• Topografia del terreno y de las bocas de sondages; • Dimensiones del área a ser explotado; •
,
,
,
• Comportamiento geotécnico del macizo rocoso.
Información estrutural:
• Profundidade de cobertura de roca; • Estructura de las rocas encajantes y del depósito; • Leyes del metal principal y de los subprodutos.
Información económica: ,
• Regalias y lucros; • Localización de la mina en relación a las vias de transporte; • Situación política local, regional, nacional e internacional; • Costos y valorizaciones de mineral. 6
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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PLANEAMENTO CICLICO DE MINA CICLICAL MINE PLANNING G eo eo l og og i ca ca l m o de de l - Re Re so so u rc rc es es
O pt pt i mi mi s at at i on on i np np u ts ts Mining methods and layout Geotechnical engineering Metallurgical engineering Extraction strategy Cost - mining / processing / other Commodity price
Optimisation Whittle DRO
Feedback
Mine design Final pit Underground layout Equipment selection
Production constraints Geotechnical Hydrogeological Processing Geographical informat information ion Terrain Climate regional information Work schedule Labour availability / productivity Political / safety situation Religion Operational information Maintenance Avail ability / Efficiency Supply lines
Reconciliation - Evaluation of KPI´s
Variability compared with budget Changing input parameters
Resources (exploration) Loss and dilution factors Commodity price Cost (external/actuals) Availabili ty / Efficiency / Productivity Production constraints Cash flow / discount rate
Production shcedule - Reserves Lo M / An nu nua l / Mon th thl we ek ekll lla ns ns Optimization on NPV / recovery Fixed and mobile equipment schedule Vizualisation
Operation
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Business plan Operationall plan Operationa
Financial model NPV, IRR, PP, DPP, PI Cash flow Capital plan Taxes, Royalties Equity / loans Sensitivity analysis Risk analysis
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
MODELAMIENTO DEL DEPOSITO MINERAL
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5 MODELAMIENTO DE LOS ACCESOS Y SECUENCIA DE EXPLOTACION
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
PLAN DE DESARROLLO Y EXPLOTACION Design and
Schedule
• Gemcom/Surpac and MineSched • Datamine and Mine 24D Vulcan and Chronos • Maptek – Vulcan Other design software
MineSight • Mintec – MineSight GMSI – mineCAD • GMSI – • Promine Russian programs: Digimine, Geomix Stratiform deposits : Minex
Generic Scheduling programs: programs: Minemax – iGantt, Runge – XPAC Information processing : Xemplex 10
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6 EXEMPLO DA MINA DE TAQUARI VASSOURAS ‐ BRASIL
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
EXEMPLO PLANEAMIENTO EN LA TAQUARI VASSOURAS ‐ BRASIL
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7 DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE PRODUCCION 100 80
0,25
VOE (Años) = 6,5 6,5 )Reservas-Mt) . (1 + 0,2)
60
) 10 a / . t M ( N O I C C U 10 D 8 O R P E D 4 L U N 2
NORTEAMERICA SLIDAMERICA ASI Y OCEANIA EUROPA AFRICA
O M T I R
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2
0.4
0 .6 0.8 1
2
4
6
8 10
12
40
60 80 1 00
2 00
4 00 6 00 80 800 1 000
2 00 0
4 000
9 00 0 00 0 00 0
RESERVAS DE MINERAL (Mt.)
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
TAMAÑO DE PRODUCCION OPTIMO Ritmo
óptimo de producción (ROP) ROP (t/año) = 4.22 (Reservas – (Reservas – t) Limites de aplicación:
0.756
50.000 (t/año)< Ritmo anual < 6.000.000 t/año Valor
óptimo de explotación (VOE)
A. Cobr Cobre e VOE (Años) = 5.35. ( Reservas – Reservas – Mt) 0.273
C. Plomo Plomo ‐ cinc
n = 68 minas r = 0.82
VOE (Años) = 7.61. ( Reservas – Reservas – Mt) 0.276
B. Oro Oro VOE (Años) = 5.08. (
Reservas – Reservas – Mt) 0.31
n = 10 minas r = 0.80
n = 36 minas r = 0.81 14
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TAMAÑO DE PRODUCCION OPTIMO
t / $ n ó i c c u d o r p e y n ó i s r e v n i e d s o t s o C
Capacidad de producción de mineral – t/ano 15
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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