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GEOMECANICA APLICADA AL PLANEAMIENTO Y EXPLOTACION DE YACIMIENTOS EN MINERIA SUBTERRANEA Dr. Vidal Navarro Torres Consultor Intercade 1
I. PLANEAMIENTO DE EXPLOTACION SUBTERRANEA
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EL PLANEAMIENTO Y TIPOS DE PLANEAMIENTO Planning is the process to get the right material out of the mine at the right time to obtain the lowest possible cost per unit of final commodity product in order to fulfil the business targets of the company With the right. Planning is divided into two major segments, often classified as strategic or operational: • Strategic planning is the broadest, highest level, and longest term effort concerned with defining the objectives of the firm—where the firm wants to go and how it will get there. • Operational planning, often relates to the activities of the organization that concern he near term, but its primary focus is controlling the actions to achieve the stated objectives. objectives Planning may also be further described as long‐range, intermediate‐range and short‐range. The distinctions result from the time frame covered, individuals involved, and activities incorporated in each type. Needless to say, these many classifications of planning may be confusing, because they often overlap, and definitions may vary from company to company. 3
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
LA ESTRUCTURA DEL PLANEAMIENTO DE MINA
Planning
Functions of Management
Organizing
Controlling
Planning
Strategio Time Span Performed By Establishes
- Long Term >10 yeras
Operational
<1 year 1 – 5 years
- Short and intermediate Term
- Mission, Mission Objetives - Operating Management - Mission, Objetives
- Action to Achieve Mission & Objectives
Implementing
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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PLANEAMIENTO A LARGO, MEDIO Y CORTO PLAZO Long-range plans, can set the direction of the enterprise and may be analogous to strategic planning (more to five years). These plans focus on the mission, objectives, and strategies of the company, but also influence and guide intermediateintermediate and short short-range range operational planning. Intermediate-range plans, this planning provides the means for achieving the mission and long-term goals. The plans, depending on the company’s definition of short-term planning, usually have an outlook of two to five years. Short-range plans, cover a span of one year or less. Ideally, these would b geared be d tto llong-term t and d intermediate-term i t di t t programs as wellll as th the overall strategic plan. Here investment funds, revenues, production, and activities can be budgeted with a more reliable degree of accuracy and can be measured on quarterly or more frequent bases.
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
INFORMACION TECNICA NECESARIA PARA EL PLANEAMIENTO DE EXPLOTACION Geológica y geotécnica: • Topografia del terreno y de las bocas de sondages; • Dimensiones del área a ser explotado; • Buzamiento, morfologia, ley Buzamiento morfologia ley de corte, grado de alteración de corte grado de alteración del macizo; • Comportamiento geotécnico del macizo rocoso. Información estrutural: • Profundidade de cobertura de roca; • Estructura de las rocas encajantes y del depósito; • Leyes del metal principal y de los subprodutos. Información económica: • Reservas probadas, probables Reservas probadas probables e inferidas; e inferidas; • Regalias y lucros; • Localización de la mina en relación a las vias de transporte; • Situación política local, regional, nacional e internacional; • Costos y valorizaciones de mineral. 6
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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PLANEAMENTO CICLICO DE MINA CICLICAL MINE PLANNING Geological model - Resources
Optimisation Whittle DRO
Feedback
Optimisation inputs Mining methods and layout Geotechnical engineering Metallurgical engineering Extraction strategy Loss and dilution factors Cost - mining / processing / other Commodity price
Mine design Final pit Underground layout Equipment selection
Production constraints Geotechnical Hydrogeological Processing Geographical information Terrain Climate regional information Work schedule Labour availability / productivity Political / safety situation Religion Operational information Maintenance Availability / Efficiency Supply lines
Reconciliation - Evaluation of KPI´s
Variability compared with budget Changing input parameters
Resources (exploration) Loss and dilution factors Commodity price Cost (external/actuals) Availability / Efficiency / Productivity Production constraints Cash flow / discount rate
Production shcedule - Reserves LoM / Annual / Monthly weekly plans Optimization on NPV / recovery Fixed and mobile equipment schedule Vizualisation
Operation
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Business plan Operational plan
Financial model NPV, IRR, PP, DPP, PI Cash flow Capital plan Taxes, Royalties Equity / loans Sensitivity analysis Risk analysis
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
MODELAMIENTO DEL DEPOSITO MINERAL
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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5 MODELAMIENTO DE LOS ACCESOS Y SECUENCIA DE EXPLOTACION
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
PLAN DE DESARROLLO Y EXPLOTACION Design and Schedule • Gemcom/Surpac and MineSched • Datamine and Mine 24D • Maptek – Vulcan and Chronos Other design software • Mintec – MineSight • GMSI – mineCAD • Promine Russian programs: Digimine, Geomix Stratiform deposits : Minex Generic Scheduling programs: Minemax – iGantt, Runge – XPAC Information processing : Xemplex 10
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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6 EXEMPLO DA MINA DE TAQUARI VASSOURAS ‐ BRASIL
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
EXEMPLO PLANEAMIENTO EN LA TAQUARI VASSOURAS ‐ BRASIL
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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7 DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA CAPACIDAD DE PRODUCCION 100 80
0,25
VOE (Años) = 6,5 )Reservas-Mt) . (1 + 0,2)
RITMO ANUAL DE PRODUCCION (Mt. / a)
60 10
2
10 8
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NORTEAMERICA SLIDAMERICA ASI Y OCEANIA EUROPA AFRICA
2
0.8
REGLA DE TAYLOR 0.4
0.2
0.1 0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6 0.8 1
2
4
6
8 10
12
40
60 80 100
200
400 600 800 1000
2000
4000
9000 0000
RESERVAS DE MINERAL (Mt.)
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I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
TAMAÑO DE PRODUCCION OPTIMO Ritmo óptimo de producción (ROP) ROP (t/año) = 4.22 (Reservas – t) 0.756 Limites de aplicación: 50.000 (t/año)< Ritmo anual < 6.000.000 t/año
Valor óptimo de explotación (VOE) A. Cobre VOE (Años) = 5.35. ( Reservas – Mt)0.273 n = 68 minas r = 0.82
C. Plomo ‐ cinc 02 6 VOE (Años) = 7.61. ( Reservas – Mt)0.276
B. Oro VOE (Años) = 5.08. ( Reservas – Mt)0.31
n = 10 minas r = 0.80
n = 36 minas r = 0.81 14
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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Costos de in nversión y e producción ‐‐ $/t
TAMAÑO DE PRODUCCION OPTIMO
Capacidad de producción de mineral – t/ano 15
I. Planeamiento de explotación subterránea
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