Fizica mecanica - Subiectul III - Variante 001-100 - An 2008

~~~#fthbfcjfihghlhvyfhz#ilonwpoz#gob

]hykhczf 008"800

Bkckwzfyvl Fjvghŧkfk, Gfygfz ćykk şk Zkcfyfzvlvk Gfczyvl Chŧkochl pfczyv Gvyykgvlvb şk F}hlvhyf ãc Ãc} ćŧćbéczvl Pyfvck}fywkzhy

H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 008 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc wgdkoy gv bhwh b 2 >0en plfhgć jkc yfphvw jkc }éymvl vcfk phczf jf vcndk θ 2 70 0 # Phczh wf goczkcvć gv o poyŧkvcf oykqoczhlć# Pfwzf zoz, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf fwzf



¶

2

8   # Fcfynkh  9 7 

0,9; ≆

pozfcŧkhlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl poyŧkvckk oykqoczhlf# h# Ghlgvlhŧk nyfvzhzfh wgdkoyvlvk# i# Jfjvgfŧk jfpfcjfcŧh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf h wgdkoyvlvk lh ihqh phczfk, ãc mvcgŧkf jf ãcćlŧkbfh d jf lh ghyf poycfşzf hgfwzh# g# Yfpyfqfczhŧk nyhmkg jfpfcjfcŧh jfjvwć lh pvcgzvl i# j# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh wgdkoyvlvk lh ihqh phczfk, jhgć lvcnkbfh phczfk hyf }hlohyfh  2 40b # f# Ghlgvlhŧk jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf wgdkoy pf plhcvl oykqoczhl pécć lh opykyf, ãc gocjkŧkklf pvcgzvlvk j# Gocwkjfyhŧk gć zyfgfyfh pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk#



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b : en , fwzf hşfqhz lh o jkwzhcŧć  8,8b jf ghpćzvl lkify hl vcfk plhzmoybf oykqoczhlf mktf, hmlhzć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 8,9 b jf wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk# Goypvl pykbfşzf }kzfqh kckŧkhlć oykqoczhlć } 0 = b / w , oykfczhzć gćzyf ghpćzvl lkify hl plhzmoybfk, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhzmoybć fwzf ¶ 0,6 # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl kckŧkhl5 i# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf wf hmlć lh ghpćzvl lkify hl plhzmoybfk5 g# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk ãc gocjkŧkklf jf lh pvcgzvl i# $wf gocwkjfyć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk+5 b obfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh hzkcnf wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk# j# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl 2

2

2

2

2

Bkckwzfyvl Fjvgh ŧkfk, Gfygfzćykk şk Zkcfyfzvlvk Gfczyvl Chŧkochl pfczyv Gvyykgvlvb şk F}hlvhyf ãc Ãc} ćŧćbéczvl Pyfvck}fywkzhy

H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 007

$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc ghbkoc gv bhwh b 2 80 zocf plfhgć jkc yfphvw şk wf jfplhwfhqć gv }kzfqh gocwzhczć } 0 2 :6 eb/d pf vc jyvb jkczy"o yfnkvcf jflvyohwć5 ãc nyhmkgvl hlćzvyhz fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf h wkwzfbvlvk moybhz jkc ghbkoc şk P ćbécz, F p p $ftpykbhzć ãc bfnhaovlf+ ãc mvcgŧkf jf jvyhzh bkşgćykk $ftpykbhzć ãc bkcvzf+, ãc kczfy}hlvl U05 0,4 bkcR# h# Pyfgkqhŧk kczfy}hlflf jf zkbp ãc ghyf jyvbvl fwzf oykqoczhl# i# Jfzfybkchŧk jkmfyfcŧh jf ck}fl jkczyf pvcgzvl jkc ghyf h plfghz ghbkocvl şk pvcgzvl jkc ghyf hgfwzh ãcgfpf wć goiohyf# g# Yfpyfqfczh ŧk nyhmkg fcfynkh pozfc ŧ ŧkhl k hl ć F p p h ghbkocvlvk, ftpykbhzć ãc bfnhaovlf, ãc mvcgŧkf jf jkwzhc ŧ ŧh phygvyw ć j , ftpykbhzć ãc dfgzobfzyk# j# Ghlgvlhŧk }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf h ghbkocvlvk jkc bobfczvl plfgćykk şk pécć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf wf hmlć lh 7>6 b jf pvcgzvl jf poyckyf# f# Jfzfybkch ŧk phczh poyŧkvckk jyvbvlvk pf ghyf ghbkocvl goiohyć $p2wkcθ+#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 00: Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 0,96en , hmlhz

$86 pvcgzf+

kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw ãc }éymvl H hl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz ghyf mhgf vcndkvl θ 2 70 0 gv oykqoczhlh, hlvcfgć lkify jf"h lvcnvl wvpyhmfŧfk plhcvlvk, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Wf gvcohşzf ãcćlŧkbfh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz d 2 0,6b şk }hlohyfh gofmkgkfczvlvk jf  8  myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf ¶ 2 0,94 ≆ #  9 7  h# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk hzvcgk gécj hgfwzh wf hmlć ãc pvcgzvl H# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć ãc pvcgzvl I# i# Ghlgvlhŧk }hlohyfh lvgyvlvk bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf lh jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk pf jkwzhcŧh HI# g# Jfzfybkchŧk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# j# Ghlgvlhŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz $ãc pvcgzvl I+#



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 9en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw lh ãcćlŧkbfh D 2 80b , ghjf lkify pf vc plhc ãcglkchz mhŧć

jf oykqoczhlć gv vc vcndk θ 2 70° , pf ghyf ãl hzkcnf ãc pvcgzvl H, hmlhz lh o ãcćlŧkbf d 2 7b , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Jkc pvcgzvl jf goczhgz goypvl hlvcfgć wpyf ihqh plhcvlvk# ]kzfqh goypvlvk jf"h lvcnvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz kbfjkhz jvpć gkogckyf fwzf } H 2 6,;9 b / w $≆ 76 b / w + # Myfgćyklf gv hfyvl wf gocwkjfy ć cfnlkahiklf# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc hyf }hlohyfh ¶ 2 0,8 # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk kbfjkhz ãchkczf jf gkogckyfh gv plhcvl5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh HI5 g# }kzfqh goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf jkc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl fwzf lćwhz lkify şk pécć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl havcnf lh ihqh plhcvlvk#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 00=

$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc pvcgz bhzfykhl jf bhwć b 9 en

wf hmlć ãc yfphvw ãc oyknkcfh htfk Ot, oykfczhzf ãc lvcnvl vcvk plhc oykqoczhl mćyć myfgćyk# Hwvpyh pvcgzvlvk bhzfykhl hgŧkocfhqć, pf jkyfgŧkh htfk Ot, o moyŧć oykqoczhlć }hykhiklć gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk hlćzvyhz# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# hggflfyhŧkh kbpykbhzć goypvlvk ãc zkbpvl jfplhwćykk ãczyf pvcgzflf jf gooyjochzf t 8 :b şk t 9 4b 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh M pf pykbkk 80 b 5 g# }kzfqh pvcgzvlvk bhzfykhl ãc poqkŧkh jf gooyjochzć t : b # 2

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 00> Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc hvzozvykwb h}écj bhwh b 400en wf jfplhwfhqć gv }kzfqh gocwzhczć } 8 6:eb / d pf o şowfh oykqoczhlć, jfq}olzécj o pvzfyf P 86e^ # Lh vc bobfcz jhz bozoyvl wf opyfşzf şk hvzozvykwbvl ãşk goczkcvć jfplhwhyfh gv bozoyvl opykz, mćyć h myéch# Pyfwvpvcfŧk gć moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć lh ãchkczhyf wvcz gocwzhczf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# yfqvlzhczh moyŧfloy ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh hvzozvykwbvlvk ãchkczf jf opykyfh bozoyvlvk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć lh ãchkczhyf jkc bobfczvl opykykk bozoyvlvk pécć lh opykyfh hvzozvykwbvlvk5 g# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jkc bobfczvl opykykk bozoyvlvk pécć lh opykyfh hvzozvykwbvlvk5 j# kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ãc ghyf hvzozvykwbvl wf opyfşzf# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhw ć b 2 8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw, hlvcfgć jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 2 8b pf vc plhc ãcglkchz ghyf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 2 700 gv oykqoczhlh, jvpć ghyf goypvl ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf vc jyvb oykqoczhl#  8  Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl oykqoczhl fwzf ¶ 2 0,9; ≆ #  9 7  h# Ghlgvlhŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz, ãc hiwfcŧh myfgćykk#  8  i# Gocwkjfyécj gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl ãcglkchz ¶ 2 0,9; ≆  , ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh 9 7   gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# g# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf zoz phygvywvl bkşgćykk, pécć lh opykyfh pf plhcvl oykqoczhl5 j# Ghlgvlhŧk jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf plhcvl oykqoczhl, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl ãcglkchz mkkcj gfl jf lh pvcgzvl i#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 00; Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp wf jfplhwfhqć pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć, mćyć myfghyf, gv }kzfqh } 0

2

7=eb / d # Hwvpyh hgfwzvkh



ãcgfpf wć hgŧkocfqf, pf hgffhşk jkyfgŧkf gv }kzfqh } 0 , o moyŧć M jf }hlohyf M 2 90C # 



h# Moyŧh M hyf hgflhşk wfcw gv }kzfqh } 0 # Jfzfybkchŧk bhwh goypvlvk jhgć, jvpć phygvynfyfh jkwzhcŧfk j 2

90b jkc bobfczvl hplkgćykk moyŧfk M , fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk jf}kcf F g 2 0,4eA # 

i# Ghlgvlhŧk pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhzć jf moyŧh M

pf jkwzhcŧh j , ãc wkzvhŧkh jf lh pvcgzvl h# g# Moyŧh M fwzf oykfczhzć ãc wfcw opvw }kzfqfk } 0 # Gocwkjfyécj bhwh goypvlvk b 2 4en , jfzfybkchŧk jkwzhcŧh 





phygvywć jf goyp pécć lh opykyf, jkc bobfczvl hplkgćykk moyŧfk M hwvpyh goypvlvk ghyf wf jfplhwh gv } 0 2 7=eb / d # j# Jfzfybkchŧk ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf havcnf goypvl jhz jhgć fwzf lhcwhz gv }kzfqh } 0 jf lh ihqh vcvk plhc ãcglkchz yvnow, ãc lvcnvl hgfwzvkh $pf jkyfgŧkh jf phcz ć bhtkbć+, şzkkcj gć vcndkvl jf ãcglkchyf hl plhcvlvk fwzf θ 2 :6° khy gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc hyf }hlohyfh ¶ 2 0,9 #


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 080 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Hwvpyh vcvk goyp gv bhwh b 8 9en 2

$86 pvcgzf+

hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw, pf vc plhc oykqoczhl, hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć gocwzhczć

h gćyfk jkyfgŧkf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 70 0 gv wvpyhmhŧh plhcvlvk# Goypvl wf nćwfşzf ãc goczhgz gv vc hl joklfh goyp, jf bhwć b 9 0,6en gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Pfczyv jfplhwhyfh wkwzfbvlvk pf o jkwzhcŧć j 80b lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf fwzf jf 8>7A , khy gfl hl moyŧfloy jf myfghyf fwzf fnhl, ãc }hlohyf hiwolvzć, gv 86A # W Wff goc gocwk wkjf jfyyć gć hbiflf goypvyk hv hgflhşk gofmkgkfcz jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf gv plhcvl oykqoczhl# h# Jfzfybkchŧk }hlohyfh moyŧfk jf zyhgŧkvcf# i# Ghlgvlhŧk gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goypvyk şk wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć# g# Jfzfybkchŧk pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhzć jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf pf jkwzhcŧh j # j# Hmlhŧk }kzfqh wkwzfbvlvk jf goypvyk jvpć phygvynfyfh vcfk jkwzhcŧf J 90b jkc bobfczvl hplkgćykk moyŧfk M # 

M ,

2

2

2



2



$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp h}écj bhwh b 9en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć, wf ftfygkz ć, pf jkyfgŧkh htfk Ot, o moyŧć jf zyhgŧkvcf oykqoczhlć ghyf jfpkcjf jf gooyjochzh lh ghyf wf nćwfşzf goypvl gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk jkc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Lh bobfczvl z 0 0 , goypvl wf hmlh ãc oyknkcfh htfk Ot# Myfgćyklf wf cfnlkafhqć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk ãc pykbkk 9b phygvyşk5 i# poyŧkvcfh jf jyvb pf ghyf hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk hyf }hlohyfh bkckbć5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf pf kczfy}hlvl U0b 5=b R 5 j# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t =b # 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Pf o yhbpć ãcglkchzć gv vcndkvl θ 70 0 mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć şk h}écj lvcnkbfh  80b , fwzf ykjkghzć vckmoyb o lhjć jf bhwć b 600en # Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf lhjć şk yhbpć fwzf ¶ 0,7 # Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl ihqfk yhbpfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk lhjć"Pćbécz gécj lhjh wf hmlć ãc pvcgzvl wvpfykoy hl yhbpfk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf lh ykjkghyfh lćqkk pf yhbpć5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg gocwvbhz pfczyv ykjkghyfh lćqkk pf yhbpć5 j# yhcjhbfczvl yhbpfk5 f# pvzfyfh cfgfwhyć ykjkg ćykk lćqkk pf yhbpć ãczy"vc kczfy}hl jf zkbp z :0w # 2

2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc hvzoboikl gv bhwh b 2 8000 en plfhgć jkc yfphvw şk wf jfplhwfhqć yfgzklkckv pf o hvzowzyhjć oykqoczhlć# Ãc nyhmkgvl hlćzvyhz fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć pyokfgŧkh moyŧfk yfqvlzhczf ghyf wf ftfygkzć hwvpyh hvzoboiklvlvk pf jkyfgŧkh bkşgćykk, M t t $ftpykbhz ć ŧkf jf jkwzhcŧh phygvywć, t $ftpykbhz ć ãc ãc eC+ ãc mvcg dfgzobfzyk+# h# Yfpyfqfczhŧk nyhmkg pyokfgŧkh h t bkşgćykk h t pf jkyfgŧkh hggflfyhŧkfk hvzoboiklvlvk, ãc mvcgŧkf jf jkwzhcŧh phygvywć j, pfczyv pykbkk 900 b # i# Kcjkghŧk şk avwzkmkghŧk gf jkwzhcŧć t b h phygvyw hvzoboiklvl pécć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf }kzfqh wh h hzkcw }hlohyfh gfh bhk bhyf# g# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh yfqvlzhczć ãc zkbpvl ãc ghyf hvzoboiklvl phygvynf pykbkk 700 b# j# Jfzfybkchŧk }hlohyfh } 8 h }kzfqfk hvzoboiklvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh wf hmlć ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 700 b # f# Ghlgvlhŧk jvyhzh ãc ghyf hvzoboiklvl phygvynf jkwzhcŧh jkczyf pvcgzflf jf gooyjochzć t 8 2 >00b şk t 9 2 400b# 2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 08: Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 8en, hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw, hlvcfgć mćyć myfghyf jkc }éymvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf vcndk θ 70  şk lvcnkbf j 2 80b# Bkşghyfh wf goczkcvć gv myfghyf pf vc plhc oykqoczhl, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf mkkcj ¶ 0,96 # Jvpć gf goypvl phygvynf jkwzhcŧh  80b , lo}fşzf vc yfwoyz jf gocwzhczć jf flhwzkgkzhzf e 800 C b pf ghyf ãl gobpykbć şk wf opyfşzf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk hzvcgk gécj wf hmlh ãc }éymvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz $wf gocwkjfyć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz+5 i# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 g# }kzfqh goypvlvk kbfjkhz ãchkczf gh hgfwzh wć hzkcnć yfwoyzvl5 j# gobpykbhyfh bhtkbć h yfwoyzvlvk, cfnlkaécj myfghyfh pf zkbpvl gobpykbćykk# 2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 900n fwzf lhcwhz ãc wvw jf"h lvcnvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf vcndk θ 2 70 0 mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć, jf lh ihqh hgfwzvkh, gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć } 0 2 80b / w # Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc hyf 

8   # Wf gocwkjfyć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# Jfzfybkchŧk1  9 7  h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl lhcwćykk5 i# hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk lh vyghyf5 g# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć pécć lh opykyf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pécć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl havcnf lh ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć5 f# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć#

}hlohyfh ¶ 2 0,9; ≆


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 08= Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 0,6 en fwzf lhcwhz jf lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk, }fyzkghl ãc wvw, gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć } 0 4 b / w # Myfghyfh gv hfyvl wf gocwkjfyć cfnlkahiklć# h# Jfzfybkchŧk ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć hzkcwć jf goyp# i# Yfpyfqfczhŧk nyhmkg }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"phbécz ãc mvcgŧkf jf ãcćlŧkbf# g# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf ghyf fcfynkh wh wh gkcfzkgć fwzf jf zyfk oyk bhk bkgć jfgéz gfh pozfcŧkhlć $fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć f gocwkjfyhzć cvlć lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk+# j# Jhgć myfghyfh gv hfyvl cv hy mk cfnlkahiklć, pyfgkqhŧk jhgć }kzfqh gv ghyf hy hzkcnf goypvl p ćbéczvl lh goioyéyf hy mk bhk bhyf, bhk bkgć, whv fnhlć gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć } 0 # Avwzkmkghŧk yćwpvcwvl# 2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 400n wf nćwfşzf lh bobfczvl z 2 0 ãc pvcgzvl H, wkzvhz lh ihqh vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf vcndk 0 θ 2 70 # Fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc hgfwz bobfcz fwzf Fg 2 ;0A # Goypvl vygć pf plhc pécć ãc pvcgzvl I, ãc 

ghyf wf opyfşzf# Gvcowgécj gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc ¶ 2 0,944 ≆ 

7  , jfzfybkchŧk1 = 

h# }kzfqh goypvlvk lh bobfczvl z 2 0 5 i# jkwzhcŧh HI5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf ãc zkbpvl vygćykk goypvlvk pf plhcvl ãcglkchz, pécć lh opykyf5 j# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 084 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc gopkl h}écj bhwh b 8 2 76en goiohyć lkify, jkc }éymvl H hl vcvk jfhl ghyf mhgf vc vcndk θ 2 70 0 gv oykqoczhlh, pf o wćckvŧć jf bhwć b 9 2 6en , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Jfhlvl hyf ãcćlŧkbfh d 2 6b khy bkşghyfh wf mhgf gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf mkkcj  8  hgflhşk pf poyŧkvcfh ãcglkchzć şk pf gfh oykqoczhlć, ¶ 2 0,94 ≆ #  9 7  Zyfgfyfh pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h gopklvlvk şk wćckvŧfk ãc pvcgzvl H# $wf }h gocwkjfyh fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć cvlć lh ihqh jfhlvlvk+5 i# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h wkwzfbvlvk gopkl ‗ wćckvŧć ãc pvcgzvl I5 g# }kzfqh wćckvŧfk lh ihqh jfhlvlvk, ãc pvcgzvl I5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć pf oykqoczhlć, pécć lh opykyf#



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 9en , hmlhz lh ihqh vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf vcndk θ 2 :6° , fwzf lhcwhz ãc lvcnvl plhcvlvk gv }kzfqh } 0 2 =b / w # Hgfwzh vygć gv myfghyf pécć lh opykyf# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf fwzf ¶ 2 0,9 # Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf plhc pécć lh opykyf5 i# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl opykykk5 g# }kzfqh pf ghyf o hyf goypvl gécj yf}kcf lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 j# }hlohyfh moyŧfk jf yfhgŧkvcf coybhlć gv ghyf plhcvl ãcglkchz hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk#



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc hvzoboikl gv bhwh b 8000 en poycfşzf jkc yfphvw şk wf jfplhwfhqć pf o şowfh oykqoczhlć# Hwvpyh hvzoboiklvlvk hgŧkocfhq ć o moyŧć jf yfqkwzfcŧć lh ãchkczhyf jkyfgz pyopoyŧkochlć gv nyfvzhzfh hgfwzvkh# Gofmkgkfczvl jf pyopoyŧkochlkzhzf hyf }hlohyfh ¶ 0,8 # Pvzfyfh jfq}olzhzć jf bozoyvl hvzoboiklvlvk fwzf 2

2

gocwzhczć, h}écj }hlohyfh jf 76 e^ # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf ftfygkzhzć hwvpyh hvzoboiklvlvk, ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf }kzfqh wh fwzf jf > b w 8 5 i# }hlohyfh hggflfyhŧkfk kbpykbhzć hvzoboiklvlvk ãc gocjkŧkklf jf lh pvcgzvl h5 g# }kzfqh bhtkbć pf ghyf o pohzf hzkcnf hvzoboiklvl ãc gocjkŧkklf jkc fcvcŧ5 j# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf h hvzoboiklvlvk, jf lh plfghyf pécć lh hzkcnfyfh }kzfqfk bhtkbf# ⋆

∙



$86 pvcgzf+

Jf lh ihqh vcvk plhc ãcglkchz wvmkgkfcz jf lvcn wf lhcwfhqć vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 :en , ghyf hyf, ãc bobfczvl lhcwćykk, fcfynkh gkcfzkgć F 0 2 900A # Vcndkvl plhcvlvk mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć fwzf θ 2 70° # Goypvl yf}kcf lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz şk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf vc plhc oykqoczhl# Zyfgfyfh pf plhcvl oykqoczhl wf mhgf lkc, m ćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk wf mhgf pfwzf zoz gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf mkkcj ¶ 2 0,: # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }hlohyfh }kzfqfk gv ghyf fwzf lhcwhz goypvl pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 i# pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhz ć jf moyŧh jf myfghyf lh vyghyfh pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk gécj yf}kcf lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh j 2 0,6b , wzyćićzvzć jf goyp pf plhcvl oykqoczhl#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 099 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 9 en fwzf ykjkghz 

$86 pvcgzf+

pf vc plhc ãcglkchz jf vcndk θ 2 70°

gv havzoyvl vcfk moyŧf gocwzhczf M oykfczhzć wvi vcndkvl ι 2 70° mhŧć jf plhc, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl  8  ãcglkchz fwzf ¶ 2 0,9;  ≆  #Jfzfybkchŧk1  9 7  h# }hlohyfh moyŧfk M pfczyv ghyf goypvl vyg ć vckmoyb pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzf lh jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk pf jkwzhcŧh j 2 0,9 b 5 g# }hlohyfh bkckbć h moyŧfk M wvi hgŧkvcfh gćyfkh goypvl cv hphwć pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhc ŧh j 2 0,9 b , ãc wkzvhŧkh ãc ghyf goypvl vyg ć wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf jf zyhgŧkvcf phyhlflć gv plhcvl# 





Vc ghbkoc gv bhwh

$86 pvcgzf+

b 2

8 z wf jfplhwfhqć pf vc jyvb yfgzklkckv# Pvzfyfh jfq}olzhzć jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf eb fwzf gocwzhczć, h}écj }hlohyfh P 2 =0 e^# Gécj }kzfqh ghbkocvlvk fwzf } 8 7= , yfqvlzhczh moyŧfloy ghyf d eb wf opvc bkşgćykk hyf }hlohyfh Y 8 2 8 eC# Gécj }kzfqh ghbkocvlvk hyf }hlohyfh } 9 6: , hggflfyhŧkh d b ghbkocvlvk fwzf h 9 9 9 , khy gécj }kzfqh ghbkocvlvk hzkcnf }hlohyfh bhtkbć } 7 , yfqvlzhczh moyŧfloy ghyf wf w opvc bkşgćykk jf}kcf Y 7 2 7 eC# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }hloyklf }kzfqfloy } 8 şk } 9 ftpykbhzf ãc vckzćŧk hlf wkwzfbvlvk kczfychŧkochl5 i# hggflfyhŧkh h 8 h ghbkocvlvk gécj }kzfqh hyf }hlohyfh } 8 5 g# yfqvlzhczh Y 9 h moyŧfloy ghyf wf opvc bk şgćykk gécj }kzfqh ghbkocvlvk fwzf } 9 5 j# }hlohyfh } 7 h }kzfqfk bhtkbf h ghbkocvlvk# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw, fwzf lćwhz wć hlvcfgf lkify pf vc plhc ãcglkchz, jvpć ghyf ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf vc jyvb oykqoczhl# Plhcvl ãcglkchz moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 700 gv oykqoczhlh# Pf plhcvl ãcglkchz jfplhwhyfh wf mhgf mćyć myfghyf, khy pf plhcvl oykqoczhl gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf 2

2

jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl oykqoczhl mkkcj

¶

2

0,96 # ]kzfqh goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz fwzf } 96

Zyfgfyfh pf plhcvl oykqoczhl wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# ãcćlŧkbfh mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć h pvcgzvlvk jf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz jf vcjf ãcgfpf bkşghyfh goypvlvk# i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf nyfvzhzf pf ãczyfnvl zyhwfv# g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf ãczyfnvl zyhwfv# j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf plhcvl oykqoczhl pécć lh opykyf#

2

b w

#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 096 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp jf bhwć b 9en wf hmlć kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw Hwvpyh goypvlvk wf hplkg ć, pykc kczfybfjkvl vcvk

$86 pvcgzf+

pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć# yfwoyz oykqoczhl jf bhwć cfnlkahiklć, o moyŧć jf zyhgŧkvcf M , h gćyfk }hlohyf gyfşzf lfcz şk jfzfybkcć hlvcnkyfh yfwoyzvlvk gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk hlćzvyhz# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf hyf }hlohyfh ¶ 0,9 # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# gocwzhczh flhwzkgć h yfwoyzvlvk5 i# }hlohyfh hlvcnkykk yfwoyzvlvk ãc zkbpvl jfplhwćykk vckmoybf h goypvlvk5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh M ghyf zyhnf jf yfwoyz, ãc zkbpvl jfmoybćykk yfwoyzvlvk jf lh t 8 9gb lh t 9 :gb 5 j# }hlohyfh yhpoyzvlvk jkczyf hlvcnkyfh yfwoyzvlvk ãc ghqvl bkşgćykk vckmoybf şk hlvcnkyfh yfwoyzvlvk ãc ghqvl bkşgćykk gv hggflfyhŧkh gocwzhczć h 9b / w 9 # 2



2



2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 09= Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 8en wf nćwfşzf

lh ihqh vcvk plhc ãcglkchz ghyf mhgf vcndkvl

$86 pvcgzf+ θ

2

70 0 gv oykqoczhlh#

Ãcćlŧkbfh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz fwzf d 2 60gb khy gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf fwzf ¶ 2 0,9;$≆ 7 =+ # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# pvzfyfh cfgfwhyć ykjkgćykk goypvl jf"h lvcnvl plhcvlvk, gv }kzfqh gocwzhczć } 2 70b / bkc 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk lh ykjkghyfh goypvlvk pécć ãc }éymvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf lh vyghyfh vy ghyfh goypvlvk pécć ãc }éymvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 j# }kzfqh gv ghyf yf}kcf lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz goypvl lćwhz lkify jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 2 60 gb , jhgć wf cfnlkafhqć moyŧflf jf myfghyf#



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 9en fwzf lhcwhz ãc wvw jf"h lvcnvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf vcndk θ :6 0 , gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć } 0 6b / w # Goypvl yf}kcf ãc pvcgzvl jf lhcwhyf gv }kzfqh } 7b / w # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl lhcwćykk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf gf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk jkc bobfczvl lhcwćykk, pécć ãc bobfczvl yf}fckykk ãc pvcgzvl kckŧkhl5 g# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć hzkcwć jf goyp mhŧć jf pvcgzvl jf lhcwhyf5 j# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl ãcglkchz# 2

2

2

2



Vc goyp jf bhwć b fwzf lhcwhz }fyzkghl ãc gébp nyh}kzhŧkochl, jf aow ãc wvw, jf lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk# Fcfynkh wh gkcfzkgć }hykhqć ãc zkbp gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk jkc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Gocwkjfyécj gć moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć jkc phyzfh hfyvlvk fwzf cfnlkahiklć, jfzfybkchŧk 1 h# }kzfqh kckŧkhlć h goypvlvk5 i# bhwh goypvlvk5 g# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf vygć goypvl5 j# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh wh pozfcŧkhlć $fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk+#

$86 pvcgzf+



$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp, hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf vc plhc oykqoczhl pf ghyf wf pohzf bkşgh m ćyć myfghyf, hgŧkocfhqć pf jkyfgŧkf oykqoczhlć o moyŧć gocwzhczć jf }hlohyf M 2 :C # Jvpć vc zkbp ∍z 2 9w fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk hyf }hlohyfh F g 2 4A # h# Ghlgvlhŧk jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z # b obfczvl z 2 9w # i# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk lh bobfczvl g# Ghlgvlhŧk bhwh goypvlvk# j# Lh bobfczvl z 2 9w hwvpyh goypvlvk ãcgfpf w ć hgŧkocfqf o moyŧć oykqoczhlć wvplkbfczhyć# Jkc bobfczvl hplkgćykk moyŧfk şk pécć lh opykyf goypvl phygvynf jkwzhcŧh J 2 0,6b # Jfzfybkchŧk }hlohyfh moyŧfk wvplkbfczhyf#



Fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h vcvk goyp lhcwhz }fyzkghl ãc wvw, jf lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk, }hykhqć, ãc mvcgŧkf jf ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf wf hmlć, jvpć nyhmkgvl jkc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Wf }oy cfnlkah pkfyjfyklf fcfynfzkgf jhzoyhzf myfgćykk gv hfyvl# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk f gocwkjfyhzć cvlć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh gv ghyf h mowz lhcwhz goypvl jf lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk5 i# bhwh goypvlvk5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf jf lh bobfczvl lhcwćykk pécć lh bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl hzkcnf ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć5 j# ãc ćlŧkbfh lh ghyf wf hmlć goypvl ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf }hlohyfh }kzfqfk hgfwzvkh fwzf fnhlć gv avbćzhzf jkc }hlohyfh }kzfqfk gv ghyf h mowz lhcwhz#

$86 pvcgzf+



$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp jf bhwć b 2 9en ghyf wf jfplhwfhqć gv myfghyf jf"h lvcnvl vcfk wvpyhmfŧf oykqoczhlf hgŧkocfhqć, vc zkbp ∍z , pf jkyfgŧkf oykqoczhlć, o moyŧć jf zyhgŧkvcf# ]kzfqh goypvlvk gyfşzf ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z 2

6w jf lh }hlohyfh } 8 2 9

b w

b , jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp ãc hgfwz zkbp mkkcj j w şk wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć hyf }hlohyfh Mm 2 9C # Jfzfybkchŧk1

lh }hlohyfh } 9

2

=

Moyŧh jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf }kzfqh goypvlvk fwzf } 9 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz ãc zkbpvl ∍z jf gćzyf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf5 g# pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhz ć jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf5 j# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć#

2

90b #



$86 pvcgzf+

Jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 70b fwzf lhcwhz }fyzkghl ãc wvw, gv }kzfqh } 0 60b / w , vc goyp jf bhw ć b 6en # Wf cfnlkafhqć myfgćyklf gv hfyvl# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć lh bobfczvl kckŧkhl, gocwkjfyécj gć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć fwzf cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk5 i# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć D lh ghyf havcnf goypvl5 g# }kzfqh goypvlvk kbfjkhz ãchkczf jf h hzkcnf wolvl# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc ghbkoc h}écj nyfvzhzfh N wf jfplhwfhqć pf o şowfh gv }kzfqh bfcŧkcvzć zoz zkbpvl gocwzhczć } 0 5 yfqkwzfcŧh lh ãchkczhyf Y jfpkcjf cvbhk jf }kzfqh ghbkocvlvk# Gécj ghbkocvl vygć pf vc jyvb jf phczć p ≆ wkc θ $vcjf θ fwzf vcndkvl mćgvz jf jyvb gv plhcvl oykqoczhl+, pvzfyfh ghbkocvlvk fwzf P 8 2 89: e^ # Gécj ghbkocvl goiohyć vc jyvb h}écj hgffhşk phczć p , pvzfyfh ghbkocvlvk fwzf P 9 2 889 e^ # jk czyf yfqkwzfcŧh lh ãchkczhyf Y , pvzfyfh P 0 şk }kzfqh } 0 ãc ghqvl ãc ghyf jyvbvl fwzf oykqoczhl# h# Wgykfŧk yflhŧkh jkczyf i# Wgykfŧk yflhŧkh jkczyf yfqkwzfcŧh lh ãchkczhyf Y , pvzfyfh P 8, nyfvzhzfh N, phczh p şk }kzfqh } 0 ãc ghqvl ãc ghyf ghbkocvl vygć jyvbvl jf phczć p # g# Wgykfŧk yflhŧkh jkczyf yfqkwzfcŧh lh ãchkczhyf Y , pvzfyfh P 9, nyfvzhzfh N, phczh p şk }kzfqh } 0 ãc ghqvl ãc ghyf ghbkocvl goiohyć jyvbvl jf phczć p # j# Ghlgvlhŧk pvzfyfh ghbkocvlvk pf jyvb oykqoczhl# f# Yfpyfqfczh ŧk nyhmkg, ghlkzhzk}, bćykbfh moyŧfk jf zyhgŧkvcf ãc mvcgŧkf jf pvzfyfh ghbkocvlvk, jhgć }kzfqh yćbécf gocwzhczć#



$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp gv bhwh b 2 89en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć, hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć oykqoczhlć h}écj bojvlvl M 2 800 C # Moŧh jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf hyf bojvlvl fnhl gv o zyfkbf jkc nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk# Goypvl phygvynf, jkc bobfczvl ãc ghyf ãcgfpf wć hgŧkocfqf moyŧh M , jkwzhcŧh j 2 80b ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z 2 9w # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhz ć jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh j 5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk jvpć phygvynfyfh jkwzhcŧfk j 5 j# }kzfqh goypvlvk jvpć phygvynfyfh jkwzhcŧfk j #



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Hwvpyh vcvk goyp gv bhwh b 8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf o wvpyhmh ŧć oykqoczhlć, ãc oyknkcfh htfk Ot, hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć jf zyhgŧkvcf oykfczhzć oykqoczhl# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf hyf }hlohyfh ¶ 0,8# Moyŧh yfqvlzhczć ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk jfpkcjf jf gooyjochzh t gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk jkc mknvyć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh yfqvlzhczć lh jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk jkc poqkŧkh kckŧkhlć pécć ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 80 b 5 i# }hlohyfh lvgyvlvk bfghckg hl moyŧfk jf myfghyf lh jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk jkc poqkŧkh kckŧkhlć pécć ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 80 b 5 2

2

2

2

g# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf h goypvlvk ãczyf bobfczvl ãc ghyf t

0 şk bobfczvl ãc ghyf t 80 b # j# }hlohyfh }kzfqfk goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf gooyjochzh wh fwzf t 80 b # 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 90en fwzf zyhw jf"h lvcnvl vcfk wvpyhmfŧf oykqoczhlf gv havzoyvl vcfk moyŧf gocwzhczf M 2 800C , h gćyfk jkyfgŧkf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 2 :6° gv jkyfgŧkh jfplhwćykk# Goypvl poycfşzf jkc yfphvw şk phygvynf jkwzhcŧh j 2 40b # Gocwkjfyécj gć bkşghyfh wf mhgf gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf mkkcj ¶ 2 0,8 , jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh M pf jkwzhcŧh j 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh gocwkjfyhzć5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk jvpć gf h phygvyw jkwzhcŧh j 5 j# pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhzć jf moyŧh M #



$86 pvcgzf+

O ghbkocfzć jf bhwć b 2 8,= z wf jfplhwfhqć pf vc jyvb oykqoczhl, hwzmfl ãcgéz }kzfqh hgfwzfkh gyfşzf lkckhy ãc zkbp# Lh bobfczvl z }kzfqh wh fwzf } 8 2 84 eb d , khy lh vc bobfcz vlzfykoy z , jf}kcf } 9 2 90 b w # Ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z 2 z 9 ∙ z 8 , moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf pyojvwć jf bozoyvl ghbkocfzfk fmfgzvfhqć vc lvgyv bfghckg L 2 7>6 eA , jfq}olzécj o pvzfyf bfjkf P 2 >6 e^ # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh ghbkocvlvk lh bobfczvl jf zkbp z 8 , ftpykbhzć ãc vckzhzfh jf bćwvyć jkc W#K#5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z 5 g# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf ghbkocfzć ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z 5 j# moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf jfq}olzhzć jf bozoy# 8

9


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 074 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc pyokfgzkl jf bhwć b 800n

wzyćpvcnf }fyzkghl o nykcjć jf lfbc h gćyfk wfgŧkvcf zyhcw}fywhlć fwzf vc pćzyhz gv lhzvyh l 90gb # Pyokfgzklvl kczyć ãc nykcjć gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć } 0 600b / w şk kfwf gv }kzfqh } 800b / w $gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć+# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć kckŧkhlć h nlocŧvlvk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf nyfvzhzf h nlocŧvlvk pf jvyhzh wzyćpvcnfykk nykcjfk5 g# hggflfyhŧkh pyokfgzklvlvk ãc nykcjh jf lfbc, pyfwvpvcécj g ć pf jvyhzh zyfgfykk pykc nykcjć moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć wvcz gocwzhczf5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć ãczébpkchzć jf pyokfgzkl ãc nykcjć# 2

2

2

2

$86 pvcgzf+


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 07;

$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp gv bhwh b 600n hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć, ãc oyknkcfh htfk Ot, wf ftfygkzć o moyŧć yfqvlzhczć oykqoczhlć oykfczhzć jf"h lvcnvl htfk Ot, hl gćyfk bojvl jfpkcjf jf gooyjochzć gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk hlćzvyhz# h# Jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf hgfhwzć moyŧć hwvpyh goypvlvk pf kczfy}hlvl U 0b 5 :b R # i# Wgykfŧk ftpyfwkh bhzfbhzkgć h zfoyfbfk }hykhŧkfk fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf pfczyv vc pvcgz bhzfykhl# g# Ghlgvlhŧk }hlohyfh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh zyfgf pykc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 9b # j# Ghlgvlhŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh zyfgf pykc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć 2

2

t

2

9b #


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0:0 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp h}écj bhwh fnhlć gv 9en fwzf hyvcghz }fyzkghl ãc wvw, jf lh 70gb mhŧć jf wol, ãc gébpvl nyh}kzhŧkochl zfyfwzyv# Myfgćyklf gv hfyvl wf gocwkjfyć cfnlkahiklf# Gocwkjfyhŧk ck}flvl wolvlvk gh ck}fl jf yfmfykcŧć pfczyv ghlgvlvl fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf# h# Ghlgvlh ŧk fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h goypvlvk hzvcgk gécj wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh jf 70gb # i# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh gv ghyf h mowz hyvcghz goypvl, jhgć hgfwzh vygć pécć lh o ãcćlŧkbf bhtkbć fnhlć gv 89,7b mhŧć jf wol# g# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk jkc bobfczvl hyvcgćykk whlf şk pécć lh hzkcnfyfh wolvlvk# j# Hmlhŧk ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh wh pozfcŧkhlć#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0:8

$86 pvcgzf+


Jkc }éymvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf lvcnkbf L 90 b şk ãc ćlŧkbf d 89 b goiohy ć pf plhc, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, vc goyp jf bhwć b 8en # Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf goyp ‗ plhc fwzf ¶ 8 0,9 # Havcnécj lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz, goypvl ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf vc plhc oykqoczhl pf ghyf gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf hyf }hlohyfh ¶ 9 0,: # Zyfgfyfh goypvlvk jf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 i# }kzfqh goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć pécć lh opykyfh goypvlvk5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć pécć lh opykyf# 2

2

2

2

2

Bkckwzfyvl Fjvghŧkfk, Gfygfzćykk şk Zkcfyfzvlvk Gfczyvl Chŧkochl pfczyv Gvyykgvlvb şk F}hlvhyf ãc Ãc} ćŧćbéczvl Pyfvck}fywkzhy


$86 pvcgzf+

Ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć fwzf yfpyfqfczhz ć jfpfcjfcŧh jf ãcćlŧkbf h bojvlvlvk moyŧfk gv ghyf hgŧkocfhqć ghilvl jf zyhgŧkvcf hwvpyh ghikcfk vcvk hwgfcwoy gv bhwh b 600 en hmlhz ãczy"o glćjkyf jf ãcćlŧkbf bhyf gocwzyvkzć pf wvpyhmhŧh Pćbéczvlvk# Hwgfcwoyvl vygć jf"h lvcnvl htfk }fyzkghlf O{ # Lh bobfczvl kckŧkhl z 0 0 ghikch hwgfcwoyvlvk wf hmlh ãc yfphvw ãc oyknkcfh htfk O{ , khy moyŧh wf ftfygkzć hwvpyh wh pf jkyfgŧkh htfk O{ # Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć ãc oyknkcfh htfk O{# Moyŧflf jf myfghyf wf cfnlkafhqć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg gdflzvkz jf bozoyvl ghyf ykjkgć hwgfcwoyvl pécć gécj hgfwzh hzkcnf ãcćlŧkbfh { 8 90 b 5 i# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h ghikcfk hwgfcwoyvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hwgfcwoyvl wf hml ć lh { 8 90 b 5 g# }kzfqh ghikcfk hwgfcwoyvlvk, lh bobfczvl wpfgkmkghz lh pvcgzvl i5 j# pvzfyfh kcwzhczhcff h bozoyvlvk ãc hgfwz bobfcz# 2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw lh ãcćlŧkbfh D 6b , fwzf lćwhz lkify wć hlvcfgf mćyć myfghyf pf o wvpyhmhŧć gvyić HI, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Ãcgfpécj jkc pvcgzvl I fl ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh gv myfghyf pf plhcvl oykqoczhl, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf mkkcj ¶ 0,9 # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzf lh jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk ãczyf pvcgzflf H şk I5 g# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć pécć gécj }hlohyfh }kzfqfk hgfwzvkh jf}kcf fnhlć gv avbćzhzf jkc }hlohyfh }kzfqfk goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I# j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć pécć lh opykyf# 2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0:: Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp jf bhwć b 9,6 en ghyf wf jfplhwfhqć oykqoczhl jf"h lvcnvl htfk Ot hgŧkocfhqć, pf jkyfgŧkh htfk Ot, o moyŧć }hykhiklć# Jfpfcjfcŧh pyokfgŧkfk moyŧfk pf hth Ot jf gooyjochzh t fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Gécj moyŧh h ãcgfpvz wć hgŧkocfqf hwvpyh goypvlvk, hgfwzh wf hmlh ãc yfphvw ãc oyknkcfh htfk Ot# Moyŧh wf ftfygkzć pécć gécj goypvl havcnf lh gooyjochzh t m : b , mćyć wć bhk ftkwzf hlzf moyŧf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ãc ghyf moyŧh fwzf gocwzhczć5 i# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ãc ghyf moyŧh wghjf jf lh }hlohyfh bhtkbć pécć lh qfyo5 g# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf gooyjochzh hyf }hlohyfh t 9 7 b 5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧć ãc zkbpvl jfplhwćykk goypvlvk jkc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 8 8b pécć ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochz g ooyjochzć t m : b 5 f# }hlohyfh bfjkf h moyŧfk ghyf wf ftfygkzć hwvpyh goypvlvk pf jvyhzh phygvynfykk jkwzhcŧfk gvpykcwf ãczyf pvcgzflf jf gooyjochzf t 8 8b şk t 9 7 b # 2

2

2

2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Ãc nyhmkgvl jkc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć jfpfcjfcŧh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf h vcvk goyp, lhcwhz }fyzkghl ãc wvw jf lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk, jf ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf wf nćwfşzf goypvl# Molowkcj jhzflf jkc nyhmkg şk gocwkjfyécj gć moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć gf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk wvcz cfnlkahiklf, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf havcnf goypvl mhŧć jf wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk5 i# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk5 g# bhwh goypvlvk5 j# }kzfqh kckŧkhlć h goypvlvk5 f# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk yfpyfqkczć o myhgŧkvcf m 0,96 jkc fcfynkh wh pozfcŧkhlć# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk# 2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0:= Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh D 80b ghjf lkify vc goyp jf bhw ć b 9En , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 9b mhŧć jf wol goypvl gkogcf şzf vc plhc ãcglkchz jf lvcnkbf  :b , jf"h lvcnvl gćyvkh hlvcfgć, mćyć wć wf jfwpykcjć jf hgfwzh# Ãc vybh gkogckykk, goypvl pkfyjf >6& jkc fcfynkh gkcfzkgć pf ghyf o h}fh ãchkczf jf gkogckyf# Moy ŧh jf myfghyf gv hfyvl wf cfnlkafhqć, khy moyŧh jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyfh pf plhcvl ãcglkchz fwzf M m :C # Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk hmlhz lh ãcćlŧkbfh D 5 i# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk kbfjkhz ãchkczf jf gkogckyfh gv plhcvl ãcglkchz5 g# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk lh ãcćlŧkbfh d , kbfjkhz jvpć gkogckyfh hgfwzvkh gv plhcvl ãcglkchz5 j# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf ¶ lh hlvcfghyfh pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 f# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I# 2

2

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0:> Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc wgdkoy gv bhwh jf 40 en hlvcfgć mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, jf lh o ãcćlŧkbf jf :0 b , jkc }éymvl vcfk phczf ghyf mhgf vc vcndk θ 2 70° gv oykqoczhlh# Jvpć zfybkchyfh phczfk wgdkoyvl ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh, pécć lh opykyf, pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć# Zyfgfyfh jf pf phczć pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Bkşghyfh wf mhgf gv myfghyf my fghyf johy pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć $ ¶ 2 0,96 +# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh wgdkoyvlvk lh ihqh phczfk5 i# kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ãc ghyf wgdkoyvl wzyćihzf phczh5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pécć lh opykyf5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf wgdkoy pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć pécć lh opykyf#



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 9en lćwhz lkify jkc }éymvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz ghyf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 2 70° gv oykqoczhlh hlvcfgć mhyć myfghyf pécć lh ihqh plhcvlvk, jvpć ghyf ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh gv myfghyf $ ¶ 2 0,9+ pf vc plhc oykqoczhl, pécć lh opykyf# Ãcćlŧkbfh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz fwzf d 2 9b # Gocwkjfyhŧk gć zyfgfyfh jf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć wf mhgf mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h goypvlvk hmlhz ãc }éymvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz, gocwkjfyécj fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk5 i# }kzfqh gv ghyf havcnf goypvl lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 g# jkwzhcŧh pf ghyf o phygvynf goypvl pf plhcvl oykqoczhl pécć lh opykyf# j# Gocwkjfyhŧk hgvb gć jvpć phygvynfyfh jkwzhcŧfk j 2 8b pf oykqoczhlć, goypvl ãcgfpf wć vygf pf vc hlz plhc ãcglkchz pf ghyf myfgćyklf wvcz cfnlkahiklf# Ghlgvlhŧk ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf havcnf goypvl pf hgfwz plhc ãcglkchz#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0:;

$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp gv bhwh b 0,6 en hmlhz kckŧkhl

ãc yfphvw lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 0,6 b mhŧć jf wol fwzf lćwhz lkify pf vc plhc ãcglkchz ghyf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 700 gv oykqoczhlh, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Goypvl hlvcfgć pécć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz hpok phygvynf, pécć lh opykyf, jkwzhcŧh j 0,6 b pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf hyf hgffhşk }hlohyf pf hbiflf poyŧkvck hlf bkşgćykk khy zyfgfyfh jf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz pf plhcvl oykqoczhl wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf zohzć jvyhzh bkşgćykk5 i# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf5 g# }hlohyfh }kzfqfk goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 j# }hlohyfh }kzfqfk gv ghyf hy havcnf goypvl lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz ãc hiwfcŧh myfgćykk# 2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć HI wf lhcwfhqć jkc pvcgzvl H , gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć } 0 90b / w , vc goyp gv bhwh b 9en $}fqk mknvyh hlćzvyhzć+# Goypvl havcnf ãc pvcgzvl I gv o }kzfqć fnhlć gv avbćzhzf jkc }hlohyfh }kzfqfk kckŧkhlf, jvpć ghyf ãcgfpf wć goiohyf pf o phczć jf lvcnkbf  IG 7:,=b , ghyf moybfhqć vc vcndk 0,= + gv oykqoczhlh, mćyć h pćyćwk wvpyhmhŧh pf ghyf wf θ $wkc θ jfplhwfhqć# Zyfgfyfh jf pf plhcvl oykqoczhl pf plhcvl ãcglkchz wf mhgf mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Goypvl havcnf lh ihqh phczfk gv }kzfqh } 0 , fnhlć gv }kzfqh kckŧkhlć# Pf zohzć jkwzhcŧh bkşghyfh wf mhgf gv myfghyf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf h goypvlvk ãczyf pvcgzflf H şk I5 i# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I , gocwkjfyécj gć ck}flvl jf yfmfykcŧć gv fcfynkf pozfcŧkhlć cvlć fwzf ãc pvcgzvl G 5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf pf zohz ć jvyhzh jfplhwćykk, ãczyf pvcgzvl jf lhcwhyf şk ihqh phczfk5 j# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk bfghckgf zozhlf h goypvlvk ãczyf pvcgzflf I şk G# 2

2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc ob h}écj bhwh B 40 En bfcŧkcf ãc yfphvw o lhjć gv bhwh b 90 En pykc kczfybfjkvl vcvk mky kcftzfcwkikl şk jf bhwć cfnlkahiklć zyfgvz pfwzf vc wgykpfzf mkt, gh kc mknvyć# Ãczyf lhjć şk pojfhvh pf ghyf wzć obvl fwzf lfnhz vc yfwoyz kckŧkhl cfjfmoybhz, h}écj gocwzhczć jf flhwzkgkzhzf E 900 C / b # Obvl zyhnf jf wmohyć ãc aow gv wgopvl jf h 2

2

2

ykjkgh lhjh géz bhk wvw# h# Ghlgvlhŧk gv géz wf bojkmkgć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk lhjć"Phbécz gécj hgfhwzh fwzf ykjkghzć pf }fyzkghlć pf o jkwzhcŧć d 0,6 b # i# Jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh flhwzkgć lh hlvcnkyfh yfwoyzvlvk gv d # g# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhl jf ob pfczyv h ykjkgh lhjh lfnhzć jf yfwoyz, gv }kzfqć gocwzhczć, pf jkwzhcŧh d 0,6 b # j# Jfzfybkchŧk jfmoybhyfh bhtkbć h yfwoyzvlvk gocwkjfyécj gć lhjh fwzf ykjkghzć gv }kzfqć gocwzhczć mohyzf bkgć, obvl cv wf jfwpykcjf jf wol şk wgykpfzflf wf hmlć wvmkgkfcz jf wvw# 2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc gopkl jf bhwć b 70 En , hlvcfgć lkify , mćyć

}kzfqć kckŧkhlć, jkc }éymvl vcvk zoionhc jf ãcćlŧkbf d H 7,60 b mhŧć jf wol# Wf cfnlkafhqć fmfgzflf myfgćykk, şk wf gocwkjfyć gć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć fwzf cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk# h# Ghlgvlh ŧk fcfynkh bfghckgć h gopklvlvk ãc }éymvl zoionhcvlvk# i# Ghlgvlhŧk }kzfqh gopklvlvk gécj havcnf lh ihqh zoionhcvlvk, ihqć ghyf wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d I 0,70 b mhŧć jf wol# g# Jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf h gopklvlvk pf zohzć jvyhzh bkşgćykk whlf pf zoionhc# j# Ãc wkzvhŧkh ãc ghyf gopklvl havcnf lh ihqh zoionhcvlvk gv }kzfqh jf 9,6 b / / w , jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh gopklvlvk pf zohzć jvyhzh bkşgćykk whlf pf zoionhc# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc zyfc gv bhwh B =0z wf jfplhwfhqć vckmoyb, pf o lkckf oykqoczhlć, gv }kzfqh } 804eb / d , wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf jf zyhgŧkvcf gocwzhczf M =0eC # Lh vc bobfcz jhz, vlzkbvl }hnoc jf bhwć b 80z fwzf jfgvplhz, zyfcvl goczkcvécjv"şk bkşghyfh wvi hgŧkvcfh hgflfkhşk moyŧf jf zyhgŧkvcf# Wf gocwkjfyć gć zohzf moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć wvcz jkyfgz pyopoyŧkochlf gv nyfvzćŧklf 1 M y e N # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# pvzfyfh bfghckgć jfq}olzhzć jf zyfc ãc zkbpvl bkşgćykk whlf vckmoybf# i# }hlohyfh gocwzhczfk e jkc ftpyfwkh moyŧfk jf yfqkwzfcŧć# g# hggflfyhŧkh gv ghyf wf }h bk şgh zyfcvl jvpć jfgvplhyfh vlzkbvlvk }hnoc# j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf }hnocvl jfwpykcw, jkc bobfczvl jfwpykcjfykk pécć ãc bobfczvl opykykk hgfwzvkh# 2

2

2

2

2

⋆



$86 pvcgzf+

Jkc }éymvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz gv vcndkvl θ 2 70° mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć şk h}écj lvcnkbfh  2 9 b , goiohyć lkify, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 7en ghyf ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf vc plhc oykqoczhl# Zyfgfyfh pf plhcvl oykqoczhl wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Bkşghyfh hyf log gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf 8 myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf h}écj pfwzf zoz }hlohyfh ¶ 2 0,9;$ ≆ + # Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf 9 7 gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# h# Jfzfybkchŧk fcfynkh bfghckgć h goypvlvk ãc }éymvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# i# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf pf ãczyfnvl zyhwfv# zy hwfv# g# Jfzfybkchŧk }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf ãczyf bobfczvl kckŧkhl şk bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl wf hmlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# j# Ghlgvlhŧk jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf plhcvl oykqoczhl# f# Ghlgvlhŧk }hlohyfh bkckbć pf ghyf hy zyfivk wć o hkić gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf hwzmfl ãcgéz goypvl wć yćbécć ãc fgdklkiyv pf plhc#



Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 6 en fwzf lhcwhz gv }kzfqh kck ŧkhlć

$86 pvcgzf+ } 0

2

80

b w

jkc

pvcgzvl H, pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Jvpć gf phygvynf jkwzhcŧh HI 2 j 2 6b pf plhcvl oykqoczhl, goypvl kczyć pf vc plhc ãcglkchz ghyf mhgf vcndkvl θ 2 70 0 gv oykqoczhlh şk vygć pf hgfwzh pécć ãc pvcgzvl G, vcjf wf opyfşzf# Hzéz pf plhcvl oykqoczhl géz şk pf gfl ãcglkchz bkşghyfh hyf log gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf mkkcj ¶ 8 2 0,6 pf plhcvl oykqoczhl şk ¶ 9 2 0,64 $≆ 8 7 + pf plhcvl ãcglkchz# Jfzfybkchŧ k1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh HI5 i# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć ãc pvcgzvl I5 g# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf havcnf goypvl pf plhc ãcglkchz# Gocwkjfyhŧk gć lh kczyhyfh pf plhcvl ãcglkchz wf bojkmkgć johy oykfczhyfh }fgzoyvlvk }kzfqć, cv şk bojvlvl hgfwzvkh#



$86 pvcgzf+

Whckh jkc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć hlvcfgć lkify, poyckcj jkc yfphvw jkc }éymvl vcfk phczf h}écj vcndkvl jf ãcglkchyf mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć θ 70 0 şk wf jfplhwfhqć pécć lh opykyf pf vc jyvb oykqoczhl# Bhwh whckfk fwzf b 86en # Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf zćlpklf whckfk şk qćphjć fwzf pfwzf zoz hgflhşk khy jkwzhcŧflf $cozhzf gv j +, phygvywf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz şk pf gfl oykqoczhl, wvcz fnhlf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf zćlpklf whckfk şk qćphjć5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf ãczyfn phygvywvl whckfk, jhgć j 90b 5 g# }kzfqh pf ghyf hy h}fh"o whckh lh ihqh phczfk, jhgć w"hy cfnlkah myfghyfh jkczyf zćlpklf whckfk şk qćphjć, khy jkwzhcŧh hy mk j 90b 5 j# yhpoyzvl jkczyf moyŧh jf hpćwhyf coybhlć ftfygkzhzć jf whckf pf phczć şk moyŧh jf hpćwhyf coybhlć ftfygkzhzć jf whckf pf jyvbvl oykqoczhl# 2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Jkczy"vc zvyc gv ãcćlŧkbfh D 800 b fwzf lćwhz wć ghjć, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, vc goyp gv bhwh b 7en # Wf gocwkjfyć gć moyŧh bfjkf jf myfghyf gv hfyvl yfpyfqkczć m 80& jkc nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk# h# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh bfghckgć kckŧkhlć h goypvlvk, gocwkjfyécj ck}flvl jf yfmfykcŧć pfczyv fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz lh ihqh zvycvlvk# i# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf gv hfyvl pf phygvywvl gćjfykk goypvlvk# g# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk lh hzkcnfyfh wolvlvk# 2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 064 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp gv bhwh b 6en poycfşzf jkc yfphvw jkc }éymvl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf lvcnkbf

$86 pvcgzf+

>b , ghyf mhgf gv oykqoczhlh vc vcndk θ 70 # Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc fwzf ¶ 0,8# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# h# Yfpyfqfczh ŧk moyŧflf ghyf wf ftfygkzć hwvpyh goypvlvk ãc bkşghyf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz# i# Jfzfybkchŧk fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz lh bobfczvl kckŧkhl# g# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh  # j# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć pf ghyf o hyf goypvl lh ihqh plhcvlvk# 2

2

o



2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 6 en, hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw, ãcgfpf wć hlvcfgf gv Y t $C+ myfghyf jf"h lvcnvl htfk Ot , jkc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 0 2 800 b, wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf jf zyhgŧkvcf oykfczhzf ãc lvcnvl hgfwzfk htf# Gécj :0 $b+ goypvl havcnf ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 8 2 600b , moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf ãşk 800 600 ãcgfzfhqć hgŧkvcfh# Moyŧh jf myfghyf fwzf gocwzhcz ć ãc zoz gvywvl bkşgćykk# Ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć jfpfcjfcŧh jf gooyjochzh t h "90 yfqvlzhczfk Y t h moyŧfloy gf hgŧkocfhqć pf jkyfgŧkh bkşgćykk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# bojvlvl moyŧfk jf zyhgŧkvcf5 i# pvzfyfh jfq}olzhzć jf bozoyvl ghyf hwknvyć moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf, jhgć jvyhzh hgŧkvckk hgfwzfkh fwzf ∍z 2 80 w5 g# }kzfqh } 8 h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãcgfzćykk hgŧkvckk moyŧfk jf zyhgŧkvcf5 j# }kzfqh } 9 h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh wf hmlć ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t 9 2 460 b#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=0

$86 pvcgzf+


Lvgyvl bfghckg vzkl pfczyv vyghyfh vckmoybć h vcvk goyp jf bhwć b 80 en pf plhcvl ãcglkchz yfpyfqfczhz ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć, jkc pvcgzvl H ãc pvcgzvl I, fwzf Lv 9000A , khy lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf fwzf Lm 600 A # h# Yfpyfqfczh ŧk zohzf moyŧflf ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk ãc vyghyf# i# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg gocwvbhz# g# Ghlgvlh ŧk yhcjhbfczvl ξ hl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# j# Ghlgvlhŧk }kzfqh goypvlvk, jhgć hgfwzh hyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć F g 600 A # f# Jfzfybkch ŧk ãcćlŧkbfh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# 2

2

2

2

∙


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=8 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 O avgćykf"flkgopzfy zflfgobhcjhzć, gv bhwh b

$86 pvcgzf+

60n , pohzf jfq}olzh, jhzoykzć bozoyhşvlvk flfgzykg, o moyŧć jf zyhgŧkvcf }fyzkghlć gocwzhczć M 8C # Lh ãcćlŧkbfh D ;b mhŧć jf ck}flvl wolvlvk wf wvwpfcjć jf hgfhwzh o hlzć avgćykf gv bhwh B 800n , khy wkwzfbvl cov moybhz }h ãcgfpf wć qiohyf }fyzkghl, poyckcj jkc yfphvw# Jvpć vc hwzmfl jf qioy pf jkwzhcŧh d :b , avgćykh"flkgopzfy wghpć oikfgzvl wvwpfcjhz# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# yhpoyzvl jkczyf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf jfq}olzhzć jf bozoyhşvl flfgzykg şk nyfvzhzfh zozhlć h wkwzfbvlvk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf avgćykh"flkgopzfy pécć gécj wghpć oikfgzvl wvwŧkcvz5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh avgćykfk wvwpfcjhzf pf zohzć jvyhzh bkşgćykk fk $pécć lh g ćjfyfh pf wol+5 j# }kzfqh pf ghyf o hyf flkgopzfyvl ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf wghpć avgćykh wvwpfcjhzć5 f# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć bkckbć h flkgopzfyvlvk, gocwkjfyécj gć ck}flvl jf yfmfykcŧć hl fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf nyh}kzhŧkochlf $ F p 0 0A + h wkwzfbvlvk jf goypvyk flkgopzfy"Pćbécz fwzf lh ck}flvl wolvlvk # 2

2

2

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=9 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw, fwzf wvwpfcjhz jf vc mky kcftzfcwkikl şk jf bhwć cfnlkahiklć h}écj lvcnkbfh  2 8b # Mkyvl fwzf wgow jkc poqkŧkh jf fgdklkiyv şk hjvw wvi vc vcndk θ 2 70° mhŧć jf }fyzkghlć, jvpć ghyf fwzf lćwhz lkify# Pfczyv poqkŧkh jf fgdklkiyv wf gocwkjfyć gć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć fwzf cvlć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf ãc zkbpvl yf}fckykk goypvlvk ãc poqkŧkh jf fgdklkiyv5 i# }hlohyfh }kzfqfk goypvlvk lh zyfgfyfh pykc po qkŧkh jf fgdklkiyv5 g# ãcćlŧkbfh mhŧć jf poqkŧkh jf fgdklkiyv lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh wh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć5 j# }kzfqh bkckbć ghyf hy zyfivk kbpykbhzć goypvlvk hmlhz ãc poqkŧkh jf fgdklkiyv, pf jkyfgŧkf }fyzkghlć, pfczyv h havcnf lh ãcćlŧkbfh D 2 9 ⋆  #



$86 pvcgzf+


Vc goyp jf bkgk jkbfcwkvck gv bhwh b 0,8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochz ć t 0 0 , wf jfplhwfhqć mćyć myfghyf pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf yfqvlzhczf h gćyfk }hlohyf jfpkcjf jf gooyjochzć gocmoyb nyhmkgvlvk jkc mknvyć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }hlohyfh nyfvzćŧkk goypvlvk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧć lh jfplhwhyfh goypvlvk pf jkwzhcŧh jf 9 gb 5 g# }kzfqh goypvlvk gécj hgfwzh wf hmlć lh jkwzhcŧh jf 8gb mhŧć jf pvcgzvl jf plfghyf5 j# hggflfyhŧkh kbpykbhzć goypvlvk ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ãc ghyf moyŧh fwzf gocwzhczć# 2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=: Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp gv bhwh b 2 9en , ghyf wf nćwfşzf kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf o bhwć oykqoczhlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh 

mhŧć jf wvpyhmhŧh p ćbéczvlvk, ãcgfpf wć hgŧkocfqf o moyŧć gocwzhczć M , jf }hlohyf M 2 80 9C , ghyf mhgf vc vcndk θ 2 :6° gv jkyfgŧkh bkşgćykk, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Goypvl wf jfplhwfhqć gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf mkkcj ¶ 2 0,9 , khy d 2 8b



gécj havcnf lh ghpćzvl bfwfk hgŧkvcfh moyŧfk M ãcgfzfhqć şk goypvl ghjf jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d # Pfczyv h jfplhwh goypvl pf zohzć lvcnkbfh bfwfk, moyŧh M fmfgzvfhqć lvgyvl bfghckg L 2 90A ãc zkbpvl ∍z 2 8w # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf wvpyhmhŧh bfwfk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf zohz ć jvyhzh bkşgćykk goypvlvk pf bhwć5 g# pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhz ć jf moyŧh M ãc kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp ∍z 5 j# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk gécj hgfwzh havcnf lh wvpyhmhŧh Pćbéczvlvk# Wf cfnlkafhqć myfghyfh gv hfyvl# 




H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=6 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc bkg goyp wolkj W , jf bhwć b 2 60 n ,

$86 pvcgzf+

pohzf hlvcfgh mćyć myfghyf pf jovć plhcf ãcglkchzf OH şk OI , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Wf gvcowg1 H‹O 2 O I ‹ 2 80 gb , θ 2 700 , ι 2 :6 0 # Hth Ot yfpyfqkczć ck}flvl jf yfmfykcŧć pfczyv fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć# Wf gocwkjfyć gć lh zyfgfyfh goypvlvk jf pf vc plhc ãcglkchz pf hlzvl bojvlvk }kzfqfk cv wf bojkmkgć# h# Goypvl wolkj W fwzf lćwhz lkify ãc pvcgzvl I , mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, şk hlvcfgć wpyf pvcgzvl O # Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk $goyp wolkj, Pćbécz+ ãc wzhyfh I # i# Jfzfybkchŧk gooyjochzflf pvcgzvlvk G ãc ghyf goypvl wf ãczohygf jkc jyvb pfczyv wkzvhŧkh jfwgykwć lh pvcgzvl h# g# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh bkckbć cfgfwhyć goypvlvk wolkj lhcwhz ãc pvcgzvl I gćzyf pvcgzvl O hwzmfl ãcgéz wć havcnć ãc pvcgzvl H # j# Goypvl wolkj fwzf lćwhz lkify ãc pvcgzvl H , m ćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć şk hlvcfgć wpyf pvcgzvl O # Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I #


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0== Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Lh o gobpfzkŧkf jf wgdk, wpoyzk}vl hmlhz ãc poqkŧkh H zyfivkf wć hkić o }kzfqć bkckbć pfczyv h pvzfh havcnf pécć ãc poqkŧkh I $}fqk mknvyh hlćzvyhzć+ wkzvhzć lh ãcćlŧkbfh D 7,9 b mhŧć jf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć h pkwzfk# Bhwh wkwzfbvlvk wpoyzk}"wgdkvyk fwzf B ;0en # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh bkckbć pf ghyf zyfivkf wć o hkić wpoyzk}vl ãc pvcgzvl H pfczyv h havcnf ãc I , jhgć w"hy cfnlkah moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć lh ãchkczhyf5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf nyfvzhzf lh jfplhwhyfh wpoyzk}vlvk jkc pvcgzvl H ãc pvcgzvl I 5 g# ãcćlŧkbfh d lh ghyf wf hmlć pvcgzvl G ãc ghyf wpoyzk}vl wf opyfşzf, jhgć }kzfqh wpoyzk}vlvk ãc pvcgzvl H fwzf } H 4 b / w khy lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf yfqvlzhczh moyŧfloy jf yfqkwzfcŧć ãczébpkchzf jf wpoyzk} ãc jfplhwhyfh wh fwzf L y :40 A # j# Pyfwvpvcécj g ć wpoyzk}vl hyf ãc pvcgzvl H }kzfqh } H 4 b / w , hmlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć pécć gécj wpoyzk}vl havcnf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 8 9 b , vcjf }kzfqh wh jf}kcf } 8 : b / w # 2

2

2

2

∙

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=> Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf jf zyhgŧkvcf phyhlflf gv plhcvl ãcglkchz, vc goyp gv bhwh b 700en vygć, gv }kzfqć gocwzhcz ć, pf vc plhc ãcglkchz gf mhgf vcndkvl θ 70 0 gv oykqoczhlh, pf o jkwzhcŧć  90b # Bkşghyfh wf mhgf gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc mkkcj ¶ 0,9 # Jhzfybkchŧk1 h# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf nyh}kzhŧkochlf h goypvlvk# i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh  # g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz pfczyv zyhcwpoyzvl goypvlvk pf jkwzhcŧh  # j# pvzfyfh cfgfwhyć pfczyv gh ykjkghyfh vckmoybć h goypvlvk wć wf mhgć ãc zkbp jf 800w # f# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk, ãc gocjkŧkklf pvcgzvlvk j# 2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 = en , hmlhz ãc pvcgzvl H $}fqk mknvyh hlćzvyhzć+, poycfşzf jkc yfphvw şk phygvynf jkwzhcŧh

4 b pf vc plhc ãcglkchz gv θ 2 70 0 mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć, jvpć ghyf ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf vc plhc oykqoczhl# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf hyf  8  hgffhşk }hlohyf ¶ 2 0,88 ≆  pf hbiflf plhcf# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć  6 7  nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl pvcgzvlvk I# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz ãc bobfczvl ãcgfpfykk bkşgćykk goypvlvk pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh HI5 g# fcfynkh bfghckgć hzvcgk gécj goypvl wf hmlć lh avbćzhzfh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf plhcvl oykqoczhl pécć lh opykyf# ∍t 2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0=; Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 6en poycfşzf jkc yfphvw şk wf jfplhwfhqć gv myfghyf, pf 2



o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć, wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf oykqoczhlf M , gh ãc mknvyć# Jfpfcjfcŧh }hloykk moyŧfk M jf gooyjochzh goypvlvk fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć ãc nyhmkgvl jkc mknvyh hlhzvyhzć# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf mkkcj ¶ 0,9 , jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }hlohyfh moyŧfk jf myfghyf ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧh M pf jkwzhcŧh jf = b5 g# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl jf gooyjochzć t =b 5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp jkc bobfczvl ãcgfz ćykk hgŧkvckk moyŧfk M pécć lh opykyf# 

2

2




H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>0 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+ 

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp jf bhwć b 9 en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk, hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć M jf }hlohyf M 60C , oykfczhzć }fyzkghl ãc wvw# Gécj goypvl hzkcnf ãcćlŧkbfh d 9b , hgŧkvcfh moyŧfk ãcgfzfhqć# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvl cvlć lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk# Myfghyfh gv hfyvl wf cfnlkafhqć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz, gécj goypvl wf hml ć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh M pf ãczyfhnh jvyhz ć h bkşgćykk5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk kbfjkhz jvpć ãcgfzhyfh hgŧkvckk moyŧfk M 5 j# }kzfqh goypvlvk lh yf}fckyfh pf wvpyhmh ŧh pćbéczvlvk# 2

2

2





Bkckwzfyvl Fjvghŧkfk, Gfygfz ćykk şk Zkcfyfzvlvk Gfczyvl Chŧkochl pfczyv Gvyykgvlvb şk F}hlvhyf ãc Ãc} ćŧćbéczvl Pyfvck}fywkzh Py fvck}fywkzhyy


$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 8en fwzf lhcwhz }fyzkghl ãc wvw, jf lh ck}flvl wolvlvk, gv }kzfqh } 0 80b / w # Cfnlkaécj myfghyfh gv hfyvl şk gocwkjfyécj fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf fcfynkh lvk gkcfzkgć fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć5 i# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf havcnf goypvl5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf jkc bobfczvl lhcwćykk pécć ãc bobfczvl yf}fckykk goypvlvk pf wol5 j# }kzfqh gv ghyf yf}kcf goypvl pf wol# 2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc h}koc jf bhwć b 9,6z , gv bozoyvl opykz, plhcfhqć gv }kzfqh gocwzhczć } 8:: eb d ãczy"o hzbowmfyć lkckşzkzć şk goiohyć jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 8 9eb pécć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 9 8eb , ãczyf jovć pvcgzf H şk I hmlhzf lh jkwzhcŧh j HI 80eb vcvl jf hlzvl# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h h}kocvlvk ãc zkbpvl plhcćykk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moy ŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć ãc zkbpvl plhcćykk5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg jfq}olzhz jf bozoy lh ãczohygfyfh h}kocvlvk pf hgflhşk jyvb, gv hgffhşk }kzfqć5 j# pvzfyfh jfq}olzhzć jf bozoy ãc wkzvhŧkh jfwgykwć lh pvcgzvl g# 2

2

2

2

2

2



Ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć wf gvcowg1 b 2 0,6 en , B 2 8,6 en vcndkvl plhcvlvk ãcglkchz θ 2 70 o , gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goypvl jf bhw ć  8  b şk plhcvl ãcglkchz ¶ 2 0,9; ≆  # Wkwzfbvl fwzf flkifyhz jkc yfphvw şk  9 7  goypvl jf bhwć B phygvynf ãc gćjfyf pécć lh hzkcnfyfh wolvlvk jkwzhcŧh d 2 9 b # Pyfwvpvcécj mkyvl kcftzfcwkikl, jf bhwć cfnlkahiklć şk wgykpfzflf mćyć myfghyf şk lkpwkz jf kcfyŧkf, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh j 2 9 b 5 i# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h wkwzfbvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl B hzkcnf wolvl5 g# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf h wkwzfbvlvk jf lh poyckyf pécć ãc bobfczvl hzkcnfykk wolvlvk#

$86 pvcgzf+


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>: Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Jovć goypvyk gv bhwflf b 8 2 9 en , yfwpfgzk} b 9

$86 pvcgzf+

: en wf hmlć lh bobfczvl kckŧkhl z 0 2 0 jfhwvpyh wolvlvk lh ãcćlŧkbklf d 8 2 80 b , yfwpfgzk} d 9 2 6 b # Goypvyklf wvcz lćwhzf wć ghjć lkify, wkbvlzhc, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć# Pyfwvpvcécj gć myfghyfh gv hfyvl fwzf cfnlkahiklć, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk 8 pécć lh hzkcnfyfh wolvlvk5 i# }hykhŧkh fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf h goypvlvk 9 lh gćjfyfh goypvlvk jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 9 pécć lh hzkcnfyfh wolvlvk5 g# yhpoyzvl j# yhpoyzvl

} 8 } 9 ∍z 8 ∍z 9

2

hl }kzfqfloy gv ghyf gflf jovć goypvyk hzkcn wolvl5 hl kczfy}hlfloy jf zkbp jvpć ghyf gflf jovć goypvyk hzkcn wolvl#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>6 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć wf lhcwfhqć, jkc pvcgzvl O , vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 9 en #

$86 pvcgzf+

Fcfynkh gkcfzkgć kckŧkhlć h goypvlvk fwzf F 0 2 :00 A # Gécj }hlohyfh }kzfqfk goypvlvk jf}kcf avbćzhzf jkc }hlohyfh kckŧkhlć, goypvl havcnf ãc pvcgzvl H şk ãcgfpf wć vygf pf o phczć ghyf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 2 :6 0 gv oykqoczhlh, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Havcw lh ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć pf phczć, goypvl wf opyfşzf ãc pvcgzvl I # Hzéz pf oykqoczhlć géz şk pf phczć jfplhwhyfh wf mhgf gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf mkkcj ¶ 2 0, 96 # Zyfgfyfh pf poyŧkvcfh ãcglkchzć wf mhgf lkc, mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh goypvlvk lh bobfczvl kckŧkhl5 i# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl H5 g# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć d pécć lh ghyf vygć pf phczć goypvl5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf jvyhzh jfplhwćykk jkc O pécć ãc I5 f# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf pf jvyhzh jfplhwćykk jkc O pécć ãc I#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>= Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp gv bhwh b 60en hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć jf zyhgŧkvcf jf }hlohyf M z 400C , ghyf moybfhqć vc vcndk θ 70 0 gv oykqoczhlh, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć fwzf ¶ 0,9 # Goypvl poycfşzf jkc yfphvw şk, jvpć gf phygvynf jkwzhcŧh j 80b , hgŧkvcfh moyŧfk jf zyhgŧkvcf ãcgfzfhqć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf pf jkwzhcŧh j 5 i# }kzfqh pf ghyf o hyf goypvl jvpć phygvynfyfh jkwzhcŧfk j 5 g# pvzfyfh bfjkf jfq}olzhz ć jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf pf zohzć jvyhzh hgŧkvckk fk, jhgć ãc bobfczvl ãcgfzćykk hgŧkvckk moyŧfk, goypvl h h}vz }kzfqh } 8=,: b w 5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp jkc bobfczvl ãcgfzćykk hgŧkvckk moyŧfk jf zyhgŧkvcf pécć lh opykyfh goypvlvk, jhgć ãc bobfczvl ãcgfzćykk hgŧkvckk moyŧfk, goypvl h h}vz }kzfqh } 8=,: b w # 2

2

2

2

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>> Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Jf lh ihqh vcvk plhc ãcglkchz gv vcndkvl θ 70 0 mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć şk jf lvcnkbf  6b wf lhcwfhqć ãc wvw jf"h lvcnvl plhcvlvk vc goyp jf bhwć b 9en , gv }kzfqh } 0 80 b w # Goypvl pćyćwfşzf plhcvl ãcglkchz gv }kzfqh } 6 b w şk havcnf ãc mkchl ãc plhcvl oykqoczhl hl pvcgzvlvk jf lhcwhyf, ãc ghyf fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć# Cfnlkaécj yfqkwzfcŧh lh ãchkczhyfh goypvlvk ãc hfy, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz pfczyv lhcwhyfh goypvlvk5 i# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć pf ghyf o hyf goypvl ãc bobfczvl pćyćwkykk plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 g# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhcvl ãcglkchz5 j# }kzfqh gv ghyf havcnf goypvl ãc plhcvl oykqoczhl hl pvcgzvlvk jf lhcwhyf5 f# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk pf zoz phygvywvl bkşgćykk# 2

2

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>4

$86 pvcgzf+

Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 Vc ghbkoc zyhgzfhqć pf vc jyvb oykqoczhl o yfboygć jf bhwć b

8000 En gv }kzfqh gocwzhczć } 6:Eb / d # Moyŧh jf zfcwkvcf ghyf hphyf ãc wkwzfbvl jf gvplha hyf }hlohyfh jf 400 C# Lh vc bobfcz jhz, bfcŧkcécjv"şk hgffhşk }kzfqć, ghbkocvl ãcgfpf wć vygf o phczć gv wkc θ 0,8# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# pvzfyfh cfgfwhyć pfczyv h zyhgzh yfboygh pf jyvbvl oykqoczhl5 i# moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć ghyf hgŧkocfhq ć hwvpyh yfboygkk ãc zkbpvl jfplhwćykk pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć5 g# moyŧh jf zfcwkvcf ãc gvplha ãc zkbpvl vygćykk phczfk5 j# kczfy}hlvl jf zkbp, bćwvyhz jkc bobfczvl ãcgfpfykk vygćykk phczfk, ãc ghyf fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk yfboygć ‗ Pćbécz gyfşzf gv 8,6 BA # 2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0>; Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 9 en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw lh ck}flvl wolvlvk, fwzf ykjkghz pf }fyzkghlć ãc wvw wvi hgŧkvcfh vcfk moyŧf jf }hlohyf M 60 C # Moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć lh ãchkczhyf, gocwkjfyhzć gocwzhcz ć, hyf }hlohyfh M y 80 C # Gocwkjfyécj ck}flvl jf yfmfykcŧć hl fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf nyh}kzhŧkochlf goyp ‗ Pćbécz lh ck}flvl wolvlvk, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk5 i# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz hzvcgk gécj goypvl wf hml ć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 896 b mhŧć jf wol5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk hzvcgk gécj hgfwzh wf hml ć ãc vyghyf, lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 8 40 b mhŧć jf wol5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh nyh}kzhŧkochlć jkc bobfczvl kckŧkhl pécć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 896 b mhŧć jf wol# 2

2

2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp gv bhwh b 600n ghjf lkify, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh D mhŧć jf p ćbécz# ]kzfqh gv ghyf goypvl hzkcnf wolvl fwzf } 800 b w khy myfghyfh gv hfyvl wf cfnlkafhqć# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh wvpyhmhŧh pćbéczvlvk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# ãcćlŧkbfh D jf lh ghyf ghjf goypvl5 i# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl ãc ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh wh pozfc ŧkhlć5 g# moyŧh bfjkf jf yfqkwzfcŧć h wolvlvk, jhgć hjécgkbfh pf ghyf goypvl p ćzyvcjf ãc wol fwzf j 800gb # 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp gv bhwh b 9en fwzf lćwhz wć goiohyf lkify mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, jkc }éymvl H hl vcvk plhc ãcglkchz jf ãcćlŧkbf d 9 b $gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć+ şk ãşk goczkcvć bkşghyfh pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć yvnohwć# Wf gocwkjfyć gć bkşghyfh goypvlvk pf plhcvl ãcglkchz hyf log mćyć myfghyf khy pf plhcvl oykqoczhl hyf log gv myfghyf, gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf mkkcj ¶ 0,9 # Zyfgfyfh goypvlvk jf pf plhcvl ãcglkchz pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć wf mhgf mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh goypvlvk lh ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz5 i# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk fwzf vc wmfyz jkc fcfynkh wh pozfcŧkhlć $fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl plhcvlvk oykqoczhl+5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf jkc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl zyfgf pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć pécć lh opykyfh goypvlvk5 j# jkwzhcŧh lh ghyf wf opyfşzf goypvl mhŧć jf ihqh plhcvlvk ãcglkchz# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcfk iklf jf bhwć b 0,:en , hmlhzć kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 0 2

2

8b jfhwvpyh wolvlvk,



hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć gocwzhcz ć M oykfczhzć }fyzkghl ãc wvw# Hgŧkvcfh moyŧfk ãcgfzfhqć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf iklh hzkcnf }kzfqh } : b w # Yfqkwzfcŧh lh ãchkczhyf ãc hfy fwzf cfnlkahiklć# œzkkcj gć moyŧh M fmfgzvfhqć vc lvgyv bfghckg L 8=A , jfzfybkchŧk1 h# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf wf hmlć iklh mhŧć jf wol ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgŧkvcfh moyŧfk M ãcgfzfhqć5 i# ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć mhŧć jf wol lh ghyf havcnf iklh5 g# }kzfqh gv ghyf zyfgf iklh ãc gćjfyf pykc pvcgzvl ãc ghyf w"h hmlhz kckŧkhl5 j# }kzfqh iklfk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hzkcnf wolvl5 f# }hlohyfh moyŧfk M , jhgć hgŧkvcfh fk ãcgfzfhqć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf iklh wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d :,9b mhŧć jf wol# 

2

2





2



$86 pvcgzf+

Hwvpyh vcvk goyp jf bhwć b 8en , hmlhz kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw pf vc plhc oykqoczhl, hgŧkocfhqć o moyŧć jf }hlohyf M 80C ghyf moybfhqć vcndkvl θ 70 gv oykqoczhlh, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk plhc fwzf ¶ 0,9 # h# Yfpyfqfczhŧk zohzf moyŧflf ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh goypvlvk# i# Ghlgvlhŧk moyŧh jf yfhgŧkvcf coybhlć h plhcvlvk# g# Jfzfybkchŧk hggflfyhŧkh goypvlvk#  j# Jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh M pf o jkwzhcŧć j 80b # f# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk jvpć gf hgfwzh h phygvyw jkwzhcŧh j 80b # 2

2

2



2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

O pkhzyć jf bhwć b 900 n , lhcwhzć }fyzkghl ãc wvw jkc pvcgzvl O hmlhz lh ck}flvl wolvlvk, hzkcnf ãc pvcgzvl B ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć D 90 b , khy hpok ghjf ãczy"o nyohpć jf hjécgkbf d 80 b , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Myfgćyklf gv hfyvl wf cfnlkafhqć# h# Ghlgvlhŧk }kzfqh pkfzyfk ãc bobfczvl lhcwćykk# i# Jfzfybkchŧk fcfynkh bfghckgć h pkfzyfk ãc pvcgzvl B , gocwkjfyécj ck}flvl wolvlvk $pvcgzvl O+ gh ck}fl jf yfmfykcŧć pfczyv fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć# g# Jfzfybkchŧk fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h pkfzyfk ãc pvcgzvl B , gocwkjfyécj gć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć jf yfmfykcŧć fwzf cvlć ãc pvcgzvl P # j# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h pkfzyfk hzvcgk gécj pkhzyh hzkcnf pvcgzvl P # f# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf nyfvzhzf pf zohz ć jvyhzh jfplhwćykk pkfzyfk# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc hvzozvykwb jf bhwć b 8000 en wf jfplhwfhqć gv }kzfqć gocwzhczć pf vc jyvb oykqoczhl# Yfqvlzhczh moyŧfloy jf yfqkwzfcŧć gf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh hvzozvykwbvlvk yfpyfqkczć o myhgŧkvcf m 0,96 jkc nyfvzhzfh hgfwzvkh# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć M y gf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh hvzozvykwbvlvk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf pfczyv jfplhwhyfh hvzozvykwbvlvk pf jkwzhcŧh j 9 eb 5 g# }kzfqh hvzozvykwbvlvk jhgć pvzfyfh jfq}olzhzć jf moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf fwzf P 60 e^ 5 j# jkwzhcŧh j 0 phygvywć jf hvzozvykwb pécć lh opykyf, jvpć ãczyfyvpfyfh hlkbfczćykk bozoyvlvk, pyfwvpvcécj gć moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć yćbéc zoz zkbpvl gocwzhczf# 2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Jkczy"vc zvyc gv ãcćlŧkbfh d 90 b fwzf hyvcghz }fyzkghl ãc wvw, gv }kzfqh kck ŧkhlć } 0 90 b w , vc goyp gv bhwh b 900 n # Gocwkjfyécj gć ck}flvl jf yfmfykcŧć hl fcfynkfk pozfcŧkhlf nyh}kzhŧkochlf h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz wf hmlć lh wvpyhmhŧh Pćbéczvlvk şk cfnlkaécj myfghyfh gv hfyvl, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć bhtkbć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk, jkc bobfczvl lhcwćykk goypvlvk pécć gécj hgfwzh hzkcnf wolvl5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć pf ghyf o hyf goypvl ãc bobfczvl hzkcnfykk wolvlvk5 j# ãcćlŧkbfh mhŧć jf wvpyhmhŧh Pćbéczvlvk lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć fwzf yfpyfqfczhzć nyhmkg jfpfcjfcŧh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf F G h vcvk goyp hyvcghz pf }fyzkghlć ãc wvw jf lh ck}flvl wolvlvk ãc mvcgŧkf jf ãcćlŧkbfh d lh ghyf wf hmlć goypvl# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk# Wf cfnlkafhqć moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć lh ãchkczhyf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h goypvlvk lh ãcćlŧkbfh bhtkbć lh ghyf havcnf goypvl5 i# }kzfqh gv ghyf h mowz lhcwhz goypvl5 g# bhwh goypvlvk5 j# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf }kzfqh goypvlvk hyf }hlohyfh } 4b / w # 2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp gv bhwh b 2 900 en fwzf ykjkghz vckmoyb pf }fyzkghlć, jf lh ck}flvl wolvlvk lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 2 80 b, jf vc jkwpoqkzk} fgdkphz gv vc bozoy# Jvyhzh vygćykk fwzf ∍z 2 6 w# Jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh hzkcwć, goypvl fwzf lćwhz wć ghjć mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć# Wf cfnlkafhqć myfgćyklf, khy fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf jfq}olzhzć jf bozoy lh vyghyfh goypvlvk5 i# pvzfyfh gocwvbhz ć jf bozoy5 g# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp ‗ Pćbécz ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf goypvl hzkcnf ãcćlŧkbfh d 2 80 b 5 j# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf, ãc zkbpvl goioyéykk goypvlvk, fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk fwzf fnhlć gv 7/6 jkc fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp ‗ Pćbécz#



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 9en ghjf lkify, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, jf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 90b # Myfghyfh goypvlvk gv hfyvl ãc zkbpvl bkşgćykk wf cfnlkafhqć# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk gécj hgfwzh hzkcnf wolvl5 2

2

i# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf zyfgf pykc pvcgzvl wkzvhz lh ãcćlŧkbfh

d

5 : g# ãcćlŧkbfh lh ghyf wf ykjkgć jkc cov goypvl, jhgć kbfjkhz jvpć gkogckyfh gv wolvl, fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk yfpyfqkczć o myhgŧkvcf m 60& jkc }hlohyfh fcfynkfk gkcfzkgf kbfjkhz ãchkczf jf gkogckyf# Bkşghyfh hyf log pf }fyzkghlć# 2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0;0 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bkgk jkbfcwkvck gv bhwh b 90 n fwzf lćwhz wć hlvcfgf lkify, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, jkc pvcgzvl gfl bhk ãchlz H hl vcfk wmfyf mktf gv yhqh jf :4 gb , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Ãc pvcgzvl I, wkzvhz lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 0,4 b mhŧć jf wol, goypvl ãcgfzfhqć wć bhk hpfwf hwvpyh wmfyfk şk goczkcvć gćjfyfh wpyf wvpyhmhŧh wolvlvk# Cfnlkaécj myfgćyklf, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl jfwpykcjfykk jf wmfyć 5 i# }hlohyfh }kzfqfk goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hzkcnf wolvl5 g# }hlohyfh fcfynkfk zozhlf h goypvlvk gécj hgfwzh wf hmlć mhŧć jf wol lh o ãcćlŧkbf fnhlć gv yhqh wmfyfk# Gocwkjfyhŧk gć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć fwzf cvlć# 2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc pfwghy ãbpkcnf o ihygć hmlhzć kckŧkhl ãc yfphvw gv o moyŧć oykqoczhlć jf }hlohyf M 840 C # Ãc ihygć wf hmlć vc pykfzfc gv bhwh jf =0en , mfzkŧh wh gv bhwh jf 90en şk wo ŧkh gv bhwh jf :0en # Bhwh ićygkk nohlf fwzf jf 40en # h# Moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć ãczébpkchzć jf ihygć fwzf jf 40 C # I Ihy hygh gh wf jfpl jfplhw hwfh fhqqć oykqoczhl, pf jkwzhcŧh j 8b , jvpć ghyf hgŧkvcfh moyŧfk M ãcgfzfhqć# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh hzkcwć jf ihygć kbfjkhz jvpć ãcgfzhyfh 2



2



hgŧkvckk moyŧfk M # i# Ghlgvlhŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf pfwghy pf jkwzhcŧh j , ãc wkzvhŧkh jfwgykwć lh pvcgzvl h# g# Jfzfybkchŧk jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf ihygć pécć lh opykyf, jvpć ãcgfzhyfh hgŧkvckk moyŧfk M , ãc wkzvhŧkh jfwgykwć lh pvcgzvl h# j# Moyŧh jf yfqkwzfcŧć ãczébpkchzć jf ihygć wf gocwkjfyć cfnlkahiklć# Jfzfybkchŧk }kzfqh hzkcwć jf ihygć jvpć gf hgfhwzh h mowz ãbpkcwć pf jkwzhcŧh J 0,:6 b # 

2



$86 pvcgzf+

O wćckvŧć gv bhwh b 80en goiohyć lkify pf o péyzkf moybhzć jkczy"o poyŧkvcf gvyiklkckf HI , ghyf wf goczkcvć gv o poyŧkvcf oykqoczhlć IG , hşh gvb wf }fjf ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Wćckv ŧh poycfşzf mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć jkc pvcgzvl H , hmlhz lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 7b mhŧć jf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć, havcnf ãc pvcgzvl I gv }kzfqh } 7,= b w , zyfgf pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć jf pkwzć mćyć h"şk bojkmkgh bojvlvl }kzfqfk şk wf opyfşzf ãc pvcgzvl G # Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf pf poyŧkvcfh gvyiklkckf jf péyzkf HI 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć jf péyzkf IG 5 g# gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf jf hlvcfghyf jkczyf wćckvŧć şk qćphjć pf plhcvl oykqoczhl, jhgć jkwzhcŧh IG j 89,;=b 5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg cfgfwhy pfczyv h hjvgf w ćckvŧh gv }kzfqć gocwzhczć ãchpok jkc G ãc H , pf hgflhşk jyvb, moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf mkkcj oykfczhzć ãczozjfhvch pf jkyfgŧkh zhcnfczfk lh zyhkfgzoykf# 2

2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc ilog jf pkhzyć jf nyfvzhzf N 2 7000 C fwzf zyhw vckmoyb, gv }kzfqh gocwzhczć } 2 6 b / w , pf phczh OH jf vcndk θ 2 700 , gv havzoyvl vcvk ghilv hgŧkochz jf bozoyvl B , gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Ghilvl ftfygkzć hwvpyh ilogvlvk moyŧh gocwzhczć M , jf bojvl M 2 :000 C , h g ćyfk jkyfgŧkf jf hgŧkvcf fwzf phyhlflć gv plhcvl ãcglkchz moybhz jf phczć# h# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h ilogvlvk jf pkhzyć pf phczć# i# Ghlgvlhŧk pvzfyfh mvyckqhz ć jf bozoy# g# Jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf ãc zkbpvl jfplhwćykk ilogvlvk jf pkhzyć gv j 2 4 b jf"h lvcnvl phczfk# j# Jfzfybkchŧk lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh yfqvlzhczć ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh ilogvlvk pf jkwzhcŧh OH # f# Ghlgvlhŧk fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h ilogvlvk jf pkhzyć ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 2 : b mhŧć jf ck}flvl wolvlvk# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh ck}flvl wolvlvk $ãc pvcgzvl O+# 


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0;: Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Jkc }éymvl H hl vcvk andfhi wf lhwć wć hlvcfgf lkify, mćyć }kzfqć kckŧkhlć, vc goyp jf bhwć b 8en ghyf wf bkşgć mćyć myfghyf pécć ãc pvcgzvl I, jvpć ghyf kczyć pf o wvpyhmhŧć oykqoczhlć mćyć h"şk bojkmkgh bojvlvl }kzfqfk, gh ãc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć# Pvcgzvl H wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 6 b # Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf pf wvpyhmhŧh oykqoczhlć fwzf ¶ 0,8 # Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć ãc pvcgzvl I# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh bfghckgć zozhlć h goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl H5 i# }kzfqh goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk lh jfplhwhyfh hgfwzvkh pf andfhi5 j# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jf goyp pf wvpyhmh ŧh oykqoczhlć pécć lh opykyf# 2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Jf vc mky gv lvcnkbfh l 8b fwzf pykcw vc goyp gv bhwh b 8en # Mkyvl fwzf wvwpfcjhz ãczy"vc pvcgz ghyf wf hmlć lh ãcćlŧkbfh D : b mhŧć jf wol# Mkyvl fwzf jf}khz gv θ ;0 o mhŧć jf }fyzkghlh ghyf zyfgf pykc pvcgzvl jf wvwpfcwkf şk wf lhwć lkify# Ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf mkyvl zyfgf pykc poqkŧkh }fyzkghlć, hgfwzh wf yvpf kcwzhczhcfv, khy goypvl ghjf wpyf wol# Cfnlkaécj myfghyfh gv hfyvl, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć h goypvlvk gécj mkyvl fwzf jf}khz gv θ ;0 o mhŧć jf }fyzkghlć, gocwkjfyécj fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć cvlć pf wol5 i# }kzfqh goypvlvk gécj mkyvl zyfgf pykc poqkŧkh }fyzkghlć5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk kbfjkhz ãchkczf jf gkogckyfh gv wolvl# 2

2

2

2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0;= Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp lhcwhz ãc wvw jf"h lvcnvl wvpyhmfŧfk vcvk plhc ãcglkchz gv vcndkvl θ 2 8: 0 $ zn θ ≆ 0,96 + mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć, hyf ãc bobfczvl lhcwćykk fcfynkh gkcfzkgć F G 0 2 600A # Jvpć gf phygvynf o hcvbkzć jkwzhcŧć pf plhcvl ãcglkchz, goypvl wf opyfşzf şk hpok yf}kcf lh ihqh plhcvlvk# Gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf goyp şk wvpyhmhŧh plhcvlvk fwzf ¶ 2 0,86# Gocwkjfyécj gć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz fwzf cvlć lh ck}flvl jf lh ghyf fwzf lhcwhz goypvl, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk jf lh lhcwhyfh goypvlvk péc ć lh yf}fckyfh hgfwzvkh ãc logvl jf lhcwhyf5 i# fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz ãc bobfczvl opykykk goypvlvk pf plhcvl ãcglkchz5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf ãczyf bobfczvl lhcwćykk şk bobfczvl opykykk goypvlvk pf plhcvl ãcglkchz, jhgć fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć bhtkbć h wkwzfbvlvk goyp"Pćbécz fwzf F p ,bht 2 789,6A 5 j# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć pf ghyf o hyf goypvl ãc bobfczvl yf}fckykk whlf ãc poqkŧkh jkc ghyf h mowz lhcwhz#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0;> Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

Vc goyp jf bhwć b 2 600n phygvynf zyhwfvl jkc mknvyh hlćzvyhzć, moybhz jkczy"o poyŧkvcf yfgzklkckf HI , ãcglkchzć mhŧć jf oykqoczhlć wvi vc vcndk θ 2 :6 0 , yhgoyjhzć lkc gv o poyŧkvcf gkygvlhyć IG jf yhqć Y 2 8b # Goypvl poycfşzf jkc yfphvw, bkşghyfh hyf log mćyć myfghyf, lvcnkbfh poyŧkvckk lkckhyf fwzf HI 2 6,=6b $≆ : 9b + , khy poyŧkvcfh gkygvlhyć hyf moybh vcvk wmfyz jf gfyg# Jfzfybkchŧk 1 h# }kzfqh } I h goypvlvk ãc pvcgzvl I 5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf nyfvzhzfh goypvlvk lh jfplhwhyfh hgfwzvkh ãczyf pvcgzflf H şk G 5 g# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć h goypvlvk ãc bobfczvl ãc ghyf hgfwzh havcnf ãc pvcgzvl G 5 j# ãcćlŧkbfh, mhŧć jf wvpyhmhŧh Pćbéczvlvk, lh ghyf fcfynkh gkcfzkgć fwzf fnhlć gv fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć# Fcfynkh pozfcŧkhlć nyh}kzhŧkochlć wf gocwkjfyć cvlć lh wvpyhmhŧh Pćbéczvlvk#


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0;4 Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1 O bh şkcć gv bhwh jf 8000 en wf jfplhwfhqć oykqoczhl gv }kzfqh jf

$86 pvcgzf+

7= eb / d # Lh vc bobfcz jhz, bhşkch

fwzf myéchzć şk phygvynf t b 90 b pécć lh opykyf# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# fcfynkh gkcfzkgć kckŧkhlć h bhşkckk5 i# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧh jf myéchyf, pécć lh opykyf 5 g# jkwzhcŧh phygvywć jkc bobfczvl ãcgfpfykk myécćykk pécć gécj fcfynkh gkcfzkgć yfpyfqkczć o myhgŧkvcf 70& jkc fcfynkh gkcfzkgć kckŧkhlć5 m j# }kzfqh bhşkckk gv 9 b ãchkczf jf opykyf# 2

2


H# WVIKFGZVL KKK ‗ ]hykhczh 0;; Yfqol}hŧk vybćzohyfh pyoilfbć1

$86 pvcgzf+

O pkwzć jf wco~iohyj hyf moybh jkc mknvyć1 jovć poyŧkvck gvyif HI şk GJ , wfphyhzf jf o poyŧkvcf oykqoczhlć IG j 89b # Vc wpoyzk} gv bhwh b >0en goiohyć lkify pf vc wco~iohyj, jkc pvcgzvl B hl poyŧkvckk gvyif HI h pkwzfk, pvcgzvl B hmlécjv"wf lh ãcćlŧkbfh d 8 9,:6b # Hjbkŧécj gć bkşghyfh pf gflf jovć poyŧkvck gvyif HI şk GJ wf mhgf mćyć myfghyf, gć pf poyŧkvcfh oykqoczhlć IG j gofmkgkfczvl jf myfghyf lh hlvcfghyf jkczyf wco~"iohyj şk qćphjć fwzf ¶ 0,8 şk gć zyfgfyklf jf pf poy ŧkvcklf gvyif pf gfh oykqoczhlć şk kc}fyw wf mhg mćyć bojkmkghyfh bojvlvlvk }kzfqfk, jfzfybkchŧk1 h# }kzfqh } 9 gv ghyf zyfgf pykbh jhz ć wpoyzk}vl pykc pvcgzvl G 5 i# ãcćlŧkbfh d 9 h pvcgzvlvk C ãc ghyf wf opyf şzf pykbh jhzć wpoyzk}vl pf poyŧkvcfh GJ h pkwzfk5 g# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf moyŧflf jf myfghyf jf lh ãcgfpvzvl bk şgćykk wpoyzk}vlvk şk pécć lh opykyfh wh jfmkckzk}ć5 j# jkwzhcŧh jkczyf pvcgzvl I şk pvcgzvl ãc ghyf wf }h opyk jfmkckzk} wpoyzk}vl# 2

2

2

2

2



$86 pvcgzf+

Vc zyfc jf bhwć zozhlć b 900z wf jfplhwfhqć oykqoczhl gv }kzfqć gocwzhczć# Pvzfyfh bfghckgć h logobozk}fk fwzf P :00e^ khy moyŧflf jf yfqkwzfcŧć ghyf hgŧkocfhqć hwvpyh zyfcvlvk yfpyfqkczć o myhgŧkvcf m 0,08 jkc nyfvzhzfh hgfwzvkh# Jfzfybkchŧk1 h# nyfvzhzfh zyfcvlvk5 i# moyŧh jf zyhgŧkvcf jfq}olzhzć jf logobozk}ć5 g# }kzfqh zyfcvlvk5 j# lvgyvl bfghckg fmfgzvhz jf logobozk}ć ãczy"vc kczfy}hl jf zkbp ϊ 9 bkc # 2

2

2

2

Fizica mecanica - Subiectul III - Variante 001-100 - An 2008

Recommend Documents