l XNCQHZUCBKBH AHBHZKL B@ KJE
OHBCBKU BH UCNKCU UHN@CBKCU HO ECZEXCR@ ZE ]HUR@77;-;5_ ECZEXCR@U HLÃRZCE@U H A@RÒNCEK
Frup` J:7: J:7: - Rurok J:
Eãskr Rhcxhcrk Ahlcph F. O. bh Ekstr` Dhnrcquh N. Rkmcnkoc Cskjhllh B. @rlknbc
Uknt` Knbrã Uknt` Knbrã - UW :7;6
UXOËZC@ ;.
Zhsuo`
:
:.
Bhsercæå` hxphrcohntkl h oht`b`l`fck
:
:.;.
Okthrckcs
:
:.:.
Akoclckrczkæå` e`o ` @secl`seõpc` h
:.5.
ohbcbks bh e`op`nhnths
:
Ecreuct` ZE Uãrch
5
5.
Zhsultkb`s h Knëlcsh
2.
Bcseussøhs
;;
8.
E`nelusøhs
;;
1.
Zhahrénecks
;:
2
;
;. ZHUXO@ Ktrkvãs bk kplcekæå` bh e`nehct`s e`o` nùohr`s e`oplhx`s, aks`rhs h Lhcs bh @do, ` `jihtcv` bhsth rhlktõrc` ã bhserhvhr uo oãt`b` hxphrcohntkl pkrk ` hstub` bh ecreuct`s bh e`rr e`rrhn hnth th klth klthrn rnkb kbk. k. Xtcl Xtclcz czkn knb` b` uo `sec `secl` l`se seõp õpc` c` pkrk pkrk k vcsu vcsukl klcz czkæ kæå` å` bks bks a`ro a`roks ks bh `nbk `nbkss h eële eëleul ul`s `s thõr thõrce ce`s `s,, shrå shrå` ` kprh kprhsh shnt ntkb kbks ks kquc kquc ks ekrk ekrket ethr hrïs ïstctcek ekss bh uo ecre ecreuc uct` t` ZE bh e`rr e`rrhn hnth th klth klthrn rnkb kbk, k, bh ekrk ekrket ethr hrïs ïstctcek ekss aclt acltr` r` “pks “pkssk sk-k -kltlt`‟ `‟,, h shrå shrå` ` bhtk bhtkld ldkb kbks ks ks suks suks frkn frknbh bhzk zkss ho aunæ aunæå` å` bh vkrc vkrckn knth thss b` ecreuct`, e`o` arhquéneck b` scnkl bh hntrkbk.
:. BHUEZCÆÅ@ HTWHZCOHNRKL H OHR@B@L@FCK :.;. Okthrckcs Wkrk k rhklczkæå` b` hxphrcohnt` s`jrh ohbcbks shn`cbkcs ho ecreuct`s ZE a`rko utclczkb`s `s shfucnths okthrckcs9 Rkjhlk ;. Okthrckcs utclczkb`s n` hxphrcohnt` Okthrckl
[ukntcbkbh
Fhrkb`r bh scnkcs Rhmtr`ncm e`o ekj` JNE-ikekrã
;
@secl`seõpc` e`o : p`ntks bh pr`vk
;
Oultïohtr` bcfctkl p`rtëtcl HR-:8;7 Ocncpk
;
Zhscst`r bh ekrvå` ;8mΣ, ;/2V
;
Ekpkect`r ehrêoce` ::nA
;
Oktrcz bh e`ntkt`s - pr`t`j`krb
;
Ac`s pkrk lcfkæå`
-
:.:. Akoclckrczkæå` e`o ` @secl`seõpc` h ohbcbks bh e`op`nhnths W`r shr uo cnstruohnt` e`oplhx` h hspheïace`, knths bh cnceckr ` hstub` b` ecreuct` bhshikb`, a`c rhklczkbk uok akoclckrczkæå` e`o ` `secl`seõpc`, k aco bh prhvhncr hrr`s bh okncpulkæå` quh cnthrahrcssho n` hstub` b` ecreuct`. @ fhrkb`r bh scnkcs a`c kiustkb tkb` pkrk fhrkr uok `nbk shn`cbkl bh arhquéneck ;mDz h 8Q Qpp L`kb Cophb Cophbkne kneh h ) pkrk “Dcfd Dcfd Y‟. Y‟. Xtcl (th (thnså` så` pce` pce`-k -k-p -pcce`), e`), h k rhsc rhscst sté éneck neck bh ekrf ekrfk k ( L`kb Xtclcz czkn knb` b` k p`nt p`ntk k
bh pr`vk ` scnkl shn`cbkl a`c cnihtkb` n` eknkl ; (ED;) b` `secl`seõpc`. Wkrk quh ks ohbcbks :
rhkl rhklcz czkb kbks ks hsth hsthik iko o e`rr e`rrht htks ks,, ` `sec `secl` l`se seõp õpc` c` bhvh bhvh hstk hstkrr e`op e`opkt ktïv ïvhl hl e`o e`o k e`na e`nacf cfur urkæ kæå` å` bk p`nt p`ntk k bh pr`vk, e`o rkzå` ;79;. Kiustknb` k jksh bh thop` pkrk :77 μs/bcvcså` ã p`ssïvhl `jshrvkr ; phrï`b` bh `nbk nk thlk9 Acfurk ;. E`nacfurkæøhs cnceckcs b` `secl`seõpc`.
A`r A`rko ohbcb hbcbk ks ks kopl oplctu ctubhs bhs pce`-k e`-k-p -pce ce` ` (Qpp), ` phrï`b` W , h k arhquéneck a b` scnk scnkll cnih nihtkb tkb` n` `secl secl`s `seõ eõpc pc` ` bh 5 a`ro a`rok ks bcah bcahrrhnth hnths9 s9 vcsuk csukllohn ohnth, th, ktrk trkvãs vãs bk ohbcæå bcæå` ` b` nùohr` hr` bh bcvc bcvcsø søhs hs vhrt vhrtce cekc kcss h d`rc d`rcz` z`nt ntkc kcss e`rr e`rrhs hsp` p`nb nbhn hnth thss k `nbk `nbk== utcl utclcz czkn knb` b` `s eurs eurs`r `rhs hs b` `sec `secl` l`se seõp õpc` c`,, klcn lcndkn dknb`-` b`-`ss e`o `s pce`s ce`s `u cnïe cnïecc` h aco aco bh `nbk pkrk `jthr thr `s vkl` vkl`rh rhss ΒQ h Βt= h phl` hl` rheur heurs` s` bh ohbcæå bcæå` ` kut`o t`oëtc ëtcek b` `secl secl` `seõ seõpc`. c`. Kpõs css` ss`, a`c a`c utcl tclczkb czkb` ` ` oult oultïo ïoh htr` tr` pkrk krk ohbcr hbcr ` scn scnkl bh truh ZOU‟ ZOU‟ b` oultïohtr` ohbh ` vkl`r hacekz bk thn skïbk b` fhrkb`r. K aunæå` “truh thnså`, l`f` pkrk
`jthr ` vkl`r Q pp , eëleul`s bhvho shr rhklczkb`s. Wkrk utclczkæå` n` ecreuct` ZE, a`rko tcrkbks e`o ` oultïohtr` ks ohbcbks rhkcs b`s e`op`nhnths e`op`nhnths rhscstcv`s h ekpkectcv`s quh a`rko utclczkb`s. @s vkl`rhs `jtcb`s hstå` kprhshntkb`s kprhshntkb`s n`s Zhsultkb`s .
:.5. Ecreuct` ZE Uãrch Xtclczknb` `s okthrckcs bcsp`nïvhcs, a`c o`ntkb` n` pr`t`j`krb ` ` shfucnth ecreuct` ZE9
5
Acfurk :. Hsquhok b` ecreuct` ZE o`ntkb` ho lkj`rktõrc`.
@ fhrkb`r a`c kiustkb` pkrk quh k thnså` Q f(t) a`ss a`ssh h uo scn scnkl shn shn`cb `cbkl bh arh arhqué quéneck neck 877 L`kb Cophbk Cophbkneh neh) pkrk “Dcfd Dcfd Y‟. Y‟. K thnså` b` fhrkb`r Dz h Qpp bh 8Q, h k rhscsténeck bh ekrfk ( L`kb
Qf(t) a`c `jshrvkbk e`o k p`ntk bh pr`vk b` Eknkl ; b` `secl`seõpc` h k thnså` n` rhscst`r Q r (t) e`o k p`ntk bh pr`vk b` Eknkl :. Wkrk k `jthnæå` b` scnkl bh thnså` s`jrh ` ekpkect`r Q e(t) (t) a`c a`c utclczkbk k aunæå` “Oktd‟ h “ED; - ED:‟ b` `secl`seõpc`. E`o k arhquéneck b` fhrkb`r kiustkbk pkrk 877 Dz a`rko ohbcbks ks koplctubhs pce`-k-pce` b`s 5 scnkcs shn`cbkcs nk thlk h k bhakskfho b` scnkl b` ED: ho rhlkæå` k` scnkl b` ED;. Kpõs t`okbks ks ohbcbks kiust`u-sh ` fhrkb`r pkrk ;mDz h bhp`cs, ;7mDz h `s ohso` vkl`rhs ectkb`s knthrc`rohnth så` kn`tkb`s pkrk ekbk eks`. @s vkl`rhs ohbcb`s hstå` kprhshntkb`s k shfucr nk shæå` bh bkb`s hxphrcohntkcs h rhsultkb`s.
5. ZHUXLRKB@U H KNËLCUH Ktrkvãs bk akoclckrczkæå` akoclckrczkæå` e`o ` `secl`seõpc`, `secl`seõpc`, h kpõs k cnihæå` bh uo scnkl shn`cbkl n` cnstruohnt`, a`rko t`okb`s vkl`rhs p`r 5 oãt`b`s bcstcnt`s. Ks ohbcbks rhklczkbks e`o ` `secl`seõpc` `secl`seõpc` hstå` rhlktkbks k shfucr9 Rkjhlk :. Zhsultkb`s bh ohbcbks utclczknb` ` `secl`seõpc`. Koplctubh pce`-k-pce` pce`-k-pce` Q pp ]Q_
Whrï`b` ]os_
Arhquéneck ]mDz_
Qkl`r hacekz Q ha ]Q_
Qcsukl
8,:
;
;
5,14 (ekleulkb`)
Eurs`rhs
8,;8
;,77:
7,334
5,12 (ekleulkb`)
Kut`oëtce`
8,;8
7,333
;,77;
5,85
2
K nïvhl bh e`opkrkæå`, e`opkrkæå`, ` ohso` scnkl a`c ohbcb` utclczknb` uo oultïohtr`, quh tkojão a`c utclczkb` pkrk e`lhtkr `s vkl`rhs rhkcs b`s e`op`nhnths k shrho uskb`s n` hxphrcohnt`. Uhfuho `s vkl`rhs `jtcb`s e`o ` kpkrhld` oultïohtr`9 Rkjhlk 5. Zhsultkb`s bh ohbcbks utclczknb` ` oultïohtr`. Koplctubh pce`-k-pce` Q pp ]Q_
Whrï`b` ]os_
Ohbcb` Ekleulkb` Qkl`rhs b`s e`op`nhnths9
2,34
Arhquéneck ]mDz_
Qkl`r hacekz Q ha ]Q_
;
5,8:
; Z9 ;2,4: mΣ
E9 :;,67 nA
Nk hseklk QKE, ` vkl`r ohbcb` phl` oultïohtr` nå` ã ` Q pp(thn thnså` så` pce`-k e`-k-p -pce ce` `) h sco sco ` Qkl`r hacekz bh thn thnså` `u ZOU, `u shik, hlh kprhshntk k oãbck qukbrëtcek bk a`rok bh `nbk quh hstë stë shn shnb` lcb lcbk. L`f` `f`, pkrk pkrk hne`n e`ntrk trkro` ro`s k koplct plctu ubh pce`ce`-k k-pc -pce` b` scnk cnkl shn` shn`ccbkl bkl ktrk trkvãs vãs b` oultïohtr`, bhvho`s uskr k rhlkæå` ;9 Q pp pp ? Q r r os ∙:
(;)
W`r e`ntk bcss`, nk Rkjhlk :, Q ha ? 5,8:Q quh ã ` vkl`r `jtcb` n` oultïohtr` h ` Q pp ekleulkb` ã9 Q pp ? 5,8: Q * ∙: ? 2,34Q. Kpõs k o`ntkfho o`ntkfho b` ecreuct` ZE ZE h k pkrtcr bk vkrckæå` bk arhquéneck arhquéneck n` fhrkb`r fhrkb`r bh scnkcs, scnkcs, a`rko hne`ntrkbks ks shfucnths a`roks shn`cbkcs, euik lcndk lkrknik rhprhshntk ` ED; ? Q f(t), k lcndk vhrbh rhprhshntk ` ED: ? Q r (t) h k lcndk r`sk rhprhshntk k aunæå` ED; - ED: ? Q e(t)9 Acfurk 5. Ucnkcs bh `nbk shn`cbkl bh arhquéneck a?877 Dz.
8
Acfurk 2. Ucnkcs bh `nbk shn`cbkl bh arhquéneck a?; mDz.
Acfurk 8. Ucnkcs bh `nbk shn`cbkl bh arhquéneck a?;7 mDz.
Nks Nks tré trés ekptu kpturk rkss bh thl thlk b` `secl ecl`seõ seõpc` ã p`ssïv ssïvhl hl vhr vhr k shnõ shnõccbh bk hntrk trkbk b` ED; quh quh ã k thnså` b` fhrkb`r Q f(t), k hntrkbk ED: quh ã k thnså` n` rhscst`r Q r (t) h k aunæå` ED;-ED: quh ã thnså` s`jrh ` ekpkect`r Q e(t). Wkrk k `jthnæå` bk a`rok bh `nbk bk e`rrhnth c(t) b` ecre ecreuc uct` t` ZE o`nt o`ntkb kb` ` p`bh p`bh-s -sh h lhvk lhvkr r ho e`ntk k a`rok bh `nbk bh thnså` n` rhscst`r (Q r (t)) ië quh nå` dë bhakskfho bh scnkl ho e`op`nhnths e`op`nhnths rhscstcv`s. 1
Acfurk 1. Aksh hntrh k thnså` h e`rrhnth shn`cbkcs ho rhscsténeck ]:_.
W`r shr uo ecreuct` sãrch, k ohsok e`rrhnth quh pkssk phl` rhscst`r pksskrë phl` ekpkect`r, h p`bh shr bkbk phlk hxprhsså` :9
C ?
Q r r (:) Z
Ks frknbhzks ohbcbks k pkrtcr b` `secl`seõpc` `secl`seõpc` pkrk `s trés nïvhcs bh arhquénecks cnihtkbks n` ecreuct` hstå` bcsp`nïvhcs k shfucr nk Rkjhlk 59 Rkjhlk 2. Zhsultkb`s bh ohbcbks b` ecreuct` ZE ED; Q f ]Q pp _
ED: Q r ]Q pp _
ED;-ED: Q e ]Q pp _
Βt ]μs_
Bhakskfho δ ]frkus_
877 Dz
8,5
2,7
5,1:
:777
8;,2
; mDz
8,:
2,66
:,55
;777
6:,:
;7 mDz
8,;8
8,;8
7,2
33,3
;52
K pkrtcr bhsths rhsultkb`s e`opkrko`s k koplctubh bk thnså` n` rhscst`r Q r ho rhlk rhlkæå æå` `k arhquéneck b` scnkl bh hntrkbk b` ecreuct`. Ktrkvãs b` Frëace` ;9
6
Frëace` ;. Zhlkæå` hntrh Qr h Arhquéneck n` ecreuct` ZE
n`tk-s tk-sh h quh quh pkrk kltk kltkss arh arhquén uénecks ecks ` vkl vkl`r bk thn thnså` så` n` rhscs hscst` t`r r Q r ã prkt prktce ceko kohn hnth th,, shnå shnå` ` cfuk cfukl,l, k thns thnså` å` n` fhrk fhrkb` b`r r Q f (8,; (8,;8 8Q n` ecre ecreu uct` hstu hstub bkb`). `). Hssk Hssk ã uok uok bks ekrk ekrket eth hrïst rïstcceks eks bh ecre creuct` uct`ss aclt acltr` r`ss “pks “pkssk sk-k -kltltk‟ k‟,, quh quh phro phroctctho ho k pkss pksskf kfho ho bh kltk kltkss arhq arhqué uéne neck cks, s, p`rã p`rão o kthn kthnuk uko o k kopl koplctctub ubh h bh arh arhqué quéneck ecks ohn ohn`rhs `rhs quh k arhq arhqu uénec éneck k bh e`rth. rth. K hxprh xprhss sså` å` pkrk k arh arhquén uéneck eck bh e`rt e`rth h (5) ã bkbk p`r9
; a e ? :χ ZE
(5)
N` ecre ecreuc uct` t` ZE “pks “pkssk sk-k -kltltk‟ k‟,, k rhkt rhktên ênec eck k ekpk ekpkec ectctcvk vk kssu kssuoh oh vkl` vkl`rh rhss jkcx jkcx`s `s e`op e`opkr krkb kb`s `s e`o ` vkl`r bk rhscsténeck eks` k thnså` kprhshnth uok `nbk shn`cbkl bh kltk arhquéneck, p`r e`ntk bcss` `jshrvk-sh n` frëace` ; ` kuohnt` bk thnså` Q r e`o ` kuohnt` bk arhquéneck. Bh a`rok shohldknth aun aunec`nk ` acltr` “pkssk-jkcx`‟, e`o k bcahrhnæk bh quh phrocth k pksskfho bh jkcxks arh arhquénecks h kthnuk arhquénecks okc`rhs quh k arhquéneck bh e`rth. @s aclt acltr` r`ss “pk “pkssk ssk-ak -akcxk‟ cxk‟ så` ecre ecreu uct` ct`s quh phro phroct cth ho k pksskf sskfh ho bh scnk scnkccs bh thn thnså` så` `u e`rr e`rrh hnth bh arhquénecks ho ehrtk akcxk cnthrohbcërck, kthnuknb` `s scnkcs e`o arhquénecks a`rk bhstk akcxk ]5_. Xo tcp` tcp` bh kplc kplcek ekæå æå` ` pkrk pkrk aclt acltr` r`ss “pks “pkssk sk-k -kltltk‟ k‟ h “pks “pkssk sk-j -jkc kcxk xk‟‟ så` så` scst scstho hoks ks bh s`ns s`ns,, `nbh `nbh uo aclt acltr` r` “pks “pkssk sk-k -kltltk‟ k‟ p`bh p`bh shr shr utcl utclcz czkb kb` ` pkrk pkrk hnvc hnvckr kr scnk scnkcs cs bh arhq arhqué uéne neck ckss kltk kltkss pkrk pkrk uo twhhthr h jl`quhkr arhquénecks quh bkncaceko ` klt`t`-aklknth, hnquknt` uo acltr` “pkssk-jkcxk‟ p`bh shr uskb` pkrk hnvckr ks jkcxks arhquénecks ç uo w``ahr ]2_. ]2_. E`o` n` ecreuct` KE `s scnkcs bh thnså` h e`rrhnth b` ecreuct` så` shn`cbkcs, pkrk ks okncpulkæøhs klfãjrceks bhvh-sh uskr ` e`nehct` bh aks`r, quh ã uo vht`r rkbckl fcrknth bh oõbul` cfukl k koplctubh bk `nbk Q p, arhquéneck knfulkr σ h ênful` bh aksh cnceckl δ, quh rhprhshntk uok shn`cbh bh ohso`s pkrêohtr`s. 4
Acfurk 6. Zhprhshntkæå` b` bckfrkok aks`rckl bh uo ecel` bh shnõcbh kbckntkb` ]:_.
@ aks`r rhprhshntk k aunæå`9 v(t) ? Q p . shn(σt + δ) quh tkojão p`bh shr rhprhshntkbk p`r
Q p p ∧ δ Wkrk ` ecreuct` o`ntkb` ho lkj`rktõrc` p`bho`s ekleulkr k e`rrhnth phlk hxprhsså`9
C ?
Q a Y
, `nbh Y ? Y Z + Y E ? Z - iT E . (2)
K rhktêneck ekpkectcvk ekpkectcvk TE ã bkbk p`r9
T E ? √ i σ;E h σ ? :χa (8) Wkrk ` eëleul` bks thnsøhs uskrho`s k Lhc bh @do9 Q Z ? Z.C h h Q E ? T E .C (1)
Xtclczknb` ks rhlkæøhs 2, 8 h 1, `s eëleul`s thõrce`s `jtcb`s pkrk ` hxphrcohnt`, lhvknb` ho e`ntk `s vkl`rhs bh rhscsténeck, ekpkectêneck ekpkectêneck h thnså` ohbcb`s e`o oultïohtr`, hstå` bhtk bhtkld ldkb kb`s `s k shf shfuc ucr9 r9 ◀ Wkrk a ? 877 Dz9
T E ? √ i σ;E ? √ i :.χ.877 Dz ;. :;,67 nA ? √ i ;2, 16 m Σ Y ? Z √ i T e ? ;2, 4: m Σ √ i ;2, 16 m Σ ? :7, 48m ∧ √ 22, 6;· C ?
Q a Y
?
2,34∧7· :7,48m ∧√22,6;¹
? 7, :2 o∧22, 6;·
Q r C ? ;2, 2 , 4: m ∧7· . 7, :2o∧22, 6;· ? 5, 81∧22, 6;· r ? Z. C Q e e ? T e . C C ? ; 2, 2, 16m ∧ √ 37¹ . 7, :2o∧22, 6;· ? 5, 8:∧ √ 28, 5· ◀ Wkrk a ? ; mDz9
T E ? √ i σ;E ? √ i :.χ.; mD z ;. :;,67 nA ? √ i 6, 55 m Σ Y ? Z √ i T e ? ;2, 4: m Σ √ i 6, 55 m Σ ? ;1, 85m ∧ √ :1, 5:· 3
C ?
Q a Y
?
2,34∧7· ;1,85m ∧√:1,5:·
? 7, 57 o∧:1, 5:·
Q r C ? ;2, 2 , 4: m ∧7· . 7, 57 o∧:1, 5:· ? 2, 28∧:1, 5:· r ? Z. C Q e e ? T e . C C ? 6, 55m ∧ √ 37¹ . 7, 57 o∧:1, 5:· ? :, :∧ √ 15, 14· ◀ Wkrk a ? ;7 mDz9
T E ? √ i σ;E ? √ i :.χ.;7 mD z ;. :;,67 nA ? √ i 7, 655m Σ Y ? Z √ i T e ? ;2, 4: m Σ √ i 7, 655m Σ Σ ? ;2, 42m ∧ √ :, 45· C ?
Q a Y
?
2,34∧7· ;2,42m ∧√:,45·
? 7, 52 o∧:, 45·
Q r C ? ;2, 2 , 4: m ∧7· . 7, 52 o∧:, 45· ? 8, 72∧:, 45· r ? Z. C Q e e ? T e . C C ? 655∧ √ 37¹ . 7, 52 o∧:, 45· ? 7, :8∧ √ 46, ;6· @s vkl`rhs ekleulkb`s hstå` krrknikb`s nk shfucnth tkjhlk9 Rkjhlk 8. Zhsultkb`s ekleulkb`s pkrk ` ecreuct` ZE Q f ]Q pp _
Q r ]Q pp _
Q e ]Q pp _
C ]oK_
Bhakskfho δ ]frkus_
877 Dz
2,34
5,81
5,8:
7,:2
22,6;
; mDz
2,34
2,28
:,:7
7,57
:1,5:
;7 mDz
2,34
8,72
7,:8
7,52
:,45
E`opkrknb` k Rkjhlk 5 h k Rkjhlk 8, phrehjho`s `s vkl`rhs bh Q f ohb ohbcb` cb`s nå` nå` så` hxktkohnth cfukcs k`s ekleulkb`s, oks hstå` prõxco`s. W`r e`nshquéneck dë uok phquhnk vkrc vkrckæ kæå` å` n`s n`s vkl` vkl`rh rhss bh Q r h Q e ekle ekleul ulkb kb`s `s h ohbc ohbcb` b`s, s, oks oks shfu shfuho ho uok uok ohso ohsok k thnb thnbén énec eck, k, `nbh `nbh e`na`roh kuohntko`s k arhquéneck, kuohntk-sh ` vkl`r bh Q r h bcocnuc-sh ` vkl`r bh Q e . K :ª Lhc bh Mcredd`aa nå` bhvh shr kplcekbk bcrhtkohnth çs koplctubhs pce`-k-pce` b`s scnkcs bh thnså` b` ecreuct` ZE p`cs hxcsth bhakskfho hntrh hlks quh bhvho shr e`nscbhrkb` ktrkvãs bk n`tkæå` bh aks`rhs. E`o rhlkæå` k bhakskfho ohbcbk h ekleulkbk bk e`rrhnth e`o rhlkæå` ç thnså` Q f hsph hsphrk rk-s -sh h quh quh ` ênfu ênful` l` δ hsth sthik hntr ntrh 7 h 37· (e` (e`rrhn rrhnth th kbckn bckntk tkbk bk), ), ië quh quknb knb` uok uok thn thnså` så` ã kplcekbk nuo ecreuct` ZE sãrch ` e`op`nhnth ekpkectcv` thnbh k kbckntkr k aksh ho 37· oks ` e`op`nhnth rhscstcv` thnbh k e`l`eë-lk ho aksh e`o Q Z. @s vkl` vkl`rh rhss ekl ekleulk eulkb b`s bh bhaksk akskf fho hstå stå` e`h e`hrhn rhnths ths oks ã n`të n`tëvh vhll quh quh `s vkl vkl`rhs `rhs ohbcb bcb`s ho lkj lkj`rkt `rktõ õrc` rc` nå` nå` hstå stå` e`rr e`rrh ht`s. t`s. Hsth Hsth bhsvc` p`bh thr scb` e`ohtcb` p`r hrr`s duokn`s nk okncpulkæå` b` cnstruohnt` bh ohbcæå`.
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2. BCUEXUUØHU Ks ohbcbks rhklczkbks burknth ` hxphrcohnt` cncecklohnth cncecklohnth pkrheho shr e`oplhxks, p`rão e`o e`o ` us` us` kbhq kbhquk ukb` b` b`s b`s cnst cnstru ruoh ohnt nt`s `s,, h prcn prcnec ecpk pklo lohn hnth th b` `sec `secl` l`se seõp õpc` c` hlks hlks så` så` akec akeclclctk tkbk bks. s. Ks ohbcæø bcæøh hs e`o ` oul oultïo tïohtr` tr` cnce cnceck ckllohn ohnth så` okcs scop scopllhs b` quh quh e`o e`o ` `sec secl`se l`seõ õpc`, pc`, quh quh hxcf xcfh uo e`nd `ndheco hecoh hnt` nt` prãvc rãvc` `, `u uo thop thop` ` okc`r kc`r pkrk krk quh quh k lhc lhcturk turk rhqu hquhrcb hrcbk k p`ssk `ssk shr shr e`na e`naccfurk furkb bk n` hqucpkohnt`. t`. A`c `jshrvkb` quh ` ecreuct` aunec`nk scoclkrohnth k uo acltr` tr` pkssk-kltk, `u shik, k pkrtcr bh bhthrocnkb` vkl`r bh tht` pkrk ks arhquénecks téo sh k ohsok lhcturk pkrk ` fhrkb`r, hnquknt` quh pkrk ohn`rhs hlk ã kthnukbk. H k prhshnæk b` ekpkect`r ã ekpkz bh klthrkr k lhcturk bk aksh b` scnkl shn`cbkl, hlk ã o`bcacekbk phlk prhshnæk b` ohso`. K bhakskfho pr`o`vcbk hntrh ` ecreuct` h ` fhrkb`r bh thnså` ã pr`o`vcbk phl` ekpkect`r h k ohsok vkrck ho aunæå` bk arhquéneck b` scnkl.
8. E@NELXUØHU @s ecreuct`s bh `nbks shn`cbkcs p`ssuho uok koplk vkrchbkbh bh kplcekæøhs ho scsthoks hlãtrce`s, jho e`o` hlhtrònce`s. Xo hxhopl` bhssk kplcekæå` ã k hnhrfck hlãtrcek bcsp` csp`n nïvh ïvhl nks rhscb hscbé éneck neckss quh quh ã hntrh trhfuh fuh k uok tkxk tkxk bh 17D 17Dz. N` hxph xphrcoh rcohn nt` a`c a`c p`s p`ssïvh sïvhll vhr vhr ktrkvãs bh ahrrkohntks tks hspheïaceks ` e`op`rtkohnt` bh uo scsthok bh e`rrhnth klthrnkbk, h e`o` okncpulë-lks ktrkvãs bh ecreuct`s rhlktcvkohnth scoplhs. @ `secl secl` `seõ seõpc` sh o`str `str` `u uok uok ahr ahrrkoh rkohn ntk bh frkn rknbh kiub iubk pkrk krk k knëlcsh lcsh b` ecreu creuct ct` ` b` hxph hxphrc rcoh ohnt nt`, `, e`o e`o hlh hlh a`c a`c p`ss p`ssïv ïvhl hl ohbc ohbcrr k thns thnså` å`,, suk suk bhak bhaksk skfh fho, o, ohbc ohbcrr k bhph bhphnb nbén énec eck k bk thns thnså` å` e`o ` thop`, h `utr`s pkrêohtr`s. E`o ` us` bh bcsp`sctcv`s ekpkectcv`s a`c p`ssïvhl vhr k suk rhlkæå` e`o ks thnsøhs prhshnths n` ecreuct` h shu aunec`nkohnt` ktrkvãs bh uok fkok bh arhquénecks, jho e`o` suk rhktêneck ho aunæå` bhstk. @ hoprhf` bh ekpkect`rhs p`bho shr nhehss ehssë ërc` rc`s pkrk krk sh jusek sekr bhthro throccnkb nkbks ekrk ekrket eth hrïst rïstce cek ks n` ecre ecreu uct`, t`, tkc tkcs e`o` e`o` shlh shlhtc tcvvcbkb cbkbh h bh arhquénecks h e`o` ohekncso` bh bhakskfho bh scnkl pkrk hlhohnt`s bh e`rrhnth klthrnkbk. Ohbcæøhs bh thnså` pce` k pce` a`rko rhklczkbks e`o ` oultïohtr` h e`o ks aun aunæøhs b` `sec `secl` l`se seõp õpc` c`,, kojk kojkss rht` rht`rn rnkr krko ko vkl` vkl`rh rhss ouct ouct`s `s prõx prõxco co`s `s h sh bho` bho`ns nstr trkr krko ko sktc sktcsa sakt ktõr õrck ckss pkrk pkrk ` hxphrcohnt`. @s vkl`rhs bh thnså` ZOU tkojão sh o`strkrko bhntr` b` hsphrkb` ho e`opkrkæå` e`o `s bhokcs vkl`rhs ohbcb`s. Kphskr bh shr p`ssïvhl rhklczkr ks ohbcbks vcsuklohnth vcsuklohnth ktrkvãs b` bcsplky b` `secl`seõpc`, `secl`seõpc`, tkojão ã p`ssïvhl utclczkr bh rheurs`s prhshnths n` ohso` quh n`s a`rnheho ohc`s okcs e`nacëvhcs bh lhcturk, shnb` phl` us` bh eurs`rhs, `u phl`s vkl`rhs cna`rokb`s n`s ekop`s e`rrhlkt`s k ekbk ctho ohbcb`. ;;
1. ZHAHZÉNECKU csp`sc sctc tcv v`s hlhtr lhtrò ònce` nce`s s h th` th`rck rck bh ecr ecreuct euct` `s. ;;¹ hb. Uå` ];_ ];_ J@SLHURKB, Z`jhrt L. Bcsp`
Wkul`, UW, :772. Ucnkcs cs Uhn` Uhn`cb cbkc kcs9 s9 Rhns Rhnså` å` h E`rr E`rrhn hnth th Klth Klthrn rnkb kbks ks . EHAHR/UE. 5ª hb. ]:_ ]:_ OXUU@ XUU@C, C, A.L A.L.Z. .Z. Ucnk
Al`rcknõp`lcs, Al`rcknõp`lcs, UE, 75/:771. ]5_ OXUU@C, A.L.Z. Zhsp`stk ho Arhquhneck9 Acltr`s Wksscv`s . EHAHR/UE. :ª hb. Al`rcknõp`lcs, Al`rcknõp`lcs, UE, 76/:772. Acltr` r`s s pkss pkssk k kltk kltk.. Kehss` ho :;/75/;6. Bcsp`nïvhl ho9 ]2_ ]2_ Vcmc Vcmcpã pãbc bck, k, K hnec hnecel el`p `pãb ãbck ck lcvr lcvrh. h. Aclt
dttps9//pt.wcmcphbck.`rf/wcmc/Ac dttps9//pt.wcmcphbck.`rf/wcmc/Acltr`Ppkssk-kl ltr`Ppkssk-kltks tks
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