EXAMEN TIPO ICFES OBTENCION Y PROPIEDADES ALCANOS, ALQUENOS Y ALQUINOS 2017 Estudiat!" ###############$!%&a"############## 1' E (a (a )!a%%i* )!a%%i* d! %+-us %+-us.* .* d!( /!ta /!ta+ + C12 s! +-.!! " A' B' C' D' 2' A' B' C'
7CO2 32O CO2 42O 7CO2 52O 4CO2 112O La )!a%%i* )!a%%i* d! &a(+6!a%i &a(+6!a%i* * d!( d!( +%ta+ +%ta+ !s" C515C( C( C317C( C( C1020C( C(
D' C313C( C( ' La si6ui!t! si6ui!t! )!a%%i* )!a%%i* !s ua d! adi%%i* adi%%i* d! u &a(+8%id+, !( %+/u!st+ 9u! %+))!s/+d! /a)a %+/(!ta) (a )!a%%i* !s' __________ + HBr CH2 −¿ CH −CH 2−¿ CH3 | | H Br A. CH2 ¿ CH2 −¿ CH3 B. CH3 −¿ CH2 −¿ CH3 C. CH2 ¿ CH −CH 2−¿ CH3 D. CH3 −¿ CH ¿ CH3
CH3−CH2−CH3 1 CH3 │ CH3−C−CH3 │ CH3 3 :' A' B' C' D' '
Cl 6. Comple Completar tar la la reacci reacción ón de hidro hidrogen genaci ación ón Ni _________ +H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 A. CH2 ¿ CH2 −¿ CH2-CH3 B. CH3 −¿ CH2 −¿ CH2-CH3 C. CH2 ¿ CH −¿ CH2-CH2-CH3 D. CH3 −¿ CH ¿ CH2-CH2-CH3 7' La &i-)ida%i* ! (+s a(%a+s !s
A' s/ B' s/2 C ' s/ D' + .!! .!! &i&i-)i )ida da%i %i* * 3' La /)+du%%i* d! di*?id+ d! %a)-++ @CO 2 < a6ua s! ((!a a %a-+ /+) (a %+-us.* d!( /)+/a+( @C7O' La !%ua%i* 9u! d!s%)i-! !st! /)+%!s+ !s: A. C3H7H ! 3 C2 + H2 B. C3H7H + "#$ 2 ! 3 C 2 + " H2 C. 3 C2 + " H2 ! C3H7 H + "#$ 2 D' 3 C2 + "#$ H2 ! " C3H7 H 5' E( )!su(tad+ d! (a &id)ata%i* d! (a si6ui!t! !st)u%tu)a !s
A' C=C2=C2=C2=C=C=C
CH2=CH−CH2−CH3 2
O C2=C B' C=C2=C2=C2=C=C=C
CH3−C=C=CH2 │ CH3 4
D! (as (as +(;%u(a +(;%u(ass at!)i+ at!)i+)!s, )!s, (as 9u! )!/)!s! )!/)!s!ta ta &id)+%a)-u)+s &id)+%a)-u)+s satu)ad+s s+" 1< 2<: <: i6u i6ua a d! d! (as (as at!)i at!)i+)! +)!ss E( )!su(t )!su(tad+ ad+ d! (a si6ui! si6ui!t t! ! )!a%%i )!a%%i* * !s" C −¿ C2=C>C2 C(2 A. CH3 −CH 2−¿ CH −¿ CH2 | | Cl Cl B. CH3 −¿ CH −¿ CH3 | Cl C. CH3 −¿ C ¿ CH2 | | Cl Cl D. CH3 −¿ CH −¿ CH2 |
C2=C C' C=C2=C >C=C=C=C C2=C D' C=C2=C2=C >C=C=C=C C2=C 10' Pd 2
A' C=C2=C B' C=C2=C2=C C' C=C2=C2=C2=C D' C=C2=C2=C2=C2=C
11' U.(iad+ (as si6ui!t!s )!a%%i+!s s! /u!d! !s%)i-i) %*+ +-t!!) u a(%a+ a /a).) d! u a(9ui+'
E( +)d! %+))!%t+ ! 9u! s! d!-! ((!a) a %a-+ (as
3'
)!a%%i+!s /a)a +-t!!) -uta+
!-u((i%i* d! a(6u+s %+/u!st+s +)68i%+s'
La si6ui!t! ta-(a idi%a (a t!/!)atu)a d!
@C = C2 = C2 = C a /a).) d! !.+ @C> C !s A' , 2, 1 B' , 1, 2 C' 2, 1, D' 2, , 1 12' E( /)+%!s+ d! &a(+6!a%i* d!( 1= /)+/i+ s! ((!a a
D!( %uad)+ at!)i+) !s 8(id+ a)a) 9u! A' !( /ut+ d!
%a-+ !diat! 2 )!a%%i+!s %+s!%u.as d! adi%i*,
!-u((i%i* s*(+ d!/!d! d!( !)+ d! %a)-++s' B' a
%++ s! u!st)a ! !( si6ui!t! !s9u!a
a<+) !)+ d! )ai%a%i+!s !+) !s !( /ut+ d! !-u((i%i*' C' !( /ut+ d! !-u((i%i* d! (+s is*!)+s d! u a(%a+ !s !( is+' D' a a<+) !)+ d! )ai%a%i+!s a<+) !s !( /ut+ d! !-u((i%i*'
%$. &i el comp'e(to ) e( 'n comp'e(to (at'rado# e( po(i*le 'e (' e(tr'ct'ra (e repre(ente como
7'
La $u%i* +)68i%a a(%+&+( s! %a)a%t!)ia /+)
/)!s!ta) u 8t++ d! &id)*6!+ uid+ a u 8t++ d! +?6!+ < ;st! uid+ a u 8t++ d! %a)-++ /+) !di+ d! !(a%!s s!%i((+s' D! a%u!)d+ %+ (+ at!)i+), (a !st)u%tu)a 9u! )!/)!s!ta u a(%+&+( !s
EXAMEN TIPO ICFES OBTENCION Y PROPIEDADES ALCANOS, ALQUENOS Y ALQUINOS 2017 Estudiat!" ###############$!%&a"############## 5' E (a )!a%%i* d! %+-us.* d!( &!/ta+ C714 s! +-.!! " E' 7CO2 32O F' 4CO2 2O G' 7CO2 52O ' 4CO2 112O 10'La )!a%%i* d! &a(+6!a%i* d!( +a+ !s" E' C515C( C( F' C317C( C( G' C1020C( C( ' C1122C( C( 11'La si6ui!t! )!a%%i* !s ua d! adi%%i* d! u &a(+8%id+, !( %+/u!st+ 9u! %+))!s/+d! /a)a %+/(!ta) (a )!a%%i* !s' __________ + HBr CH2 −¿ CH −¿ CH3 | | H Br ,. CH2 ¿ CH2 −¿ CH3 . CH3 −¿ CH2 −¿ CH3 . CH2 ¿ CH −¿ CH3 H. CH3 −¿ CH ¿ CH3
CH3−CH2−CH3 1 CH3 │ CH3−C−CH3 │ CH3 3
_________ +H2
,. CH2 ¿ CH2 −¿ CH2-CH3 . CH3 −¿ CH2 −¿ CH2-CH3 . CH2 ¿ CH −¿ CH2-CH3 H. CH3 −¿ CH ¿ CH2-CH3 7' La &i-)ida%i* ! (+s a(%a+s !s
E'
s/
F'
s/2
G' s/ ' + .!! &i-)ida%i* 3' La /)+du%%i* d! di*?id+ d! %a)-++ @CO 2 < a6ua s! ((!a a %a-+ /+) (a %+-us.* d!( /)+/a+( @C7O' La !%ua%i* 9u! d!s%)i-! !st! /)+%!s+ !s: ,. C3H7H ! 3 C2 + H2 . C3H7H + "#$ 2 ! 3 C 2 + " H2 . 3 C2 + " H2 ! C3H7 H + "#$ 2 ' 3 C2 + "#$ H2 ! " C3H7 H 5' E( )!su(tad+ d! (a &id)ata%i* d! (a si6ui!t! !st)u%tu)a !s
E'
C=C2=C2=C2=C=C=C
F'
O C2=C C=C2=C2=C2=C=C=C
CH2=CH−CH2−CH3 2 CH3−C=C=CH2 │ CH3 4
12' D! (as +(;%u(as at!)i+)!s, (as 9u! )!/)!s!ta &id)+%a)-u)+s satu)ad+s s+" E' 1 < F' 2 < : G' < : ' i6ua d! (as at!)i+)!s 1' E( )!su(tad+ d! (a si6ui!t! )!a%%i* !s" C −¿ C>C2 C(2 ,. CH3 −¿ CH −¿ CH2 | | Cl Cl . CH3 −¿ CH −¿ CH3 | Cl . CH3 −¿ C ¿ CH2 | | Cl Cl H. CH3 −¿ CH −¿ CH2 | Cl %". Completar la reacción de hidrogenación Ni
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
C2=C G' C=C2=C >C=C=C=C C2=C ' C=C2=C2=C >C=C=C=C C2=C 10' Pd 2
E'
C=C2=C
F'
C=C2=C2=C
G' C=C2=C2=C2=C ' C=C2=C2=C2=C2=C
11' U.(iad+ (as si6ui!t!s )!a%%i+!s s! /u!d! !s%)i-i) %*+ +-t!!) u a(%a+ a /a).) d! u a(9ui+'
14' La si6ui!t! ta-(a idi%a (a t!/!)atu)a d! !-u((i%i* d! a(6u+s %+/u!st+s +)68i%+s'
E( +)d! %+))!%t+ ! 9u! s! d!-! ((!a) a %a-+ (as )!a%%i+!s /a)a +-t!!) -uta+ @C = C2 = C2 = C a /a).) d! !.+ @C> C !s
D!( %uad)+ at!)i+) !s 8(id+ a)a) 9u! A' !( /ut+ d!
A' , 2, 1
!-u((i%i* s*(+ d!/!d! d!( !)+ d! %a)-++s' B' a
B' , 1, 2
a<+) !)+ d! )ai%a%i+!s !+) !s !( /ut+ d!
C' 2, 1,
!-u((i%i*' C' !( /ut+ d! !-u((i%i* d! (+s is*!)+s d!
D' 2, , 1
u a(%a+ !s !( is+' D' a a<+) !)+ d!
12' E( /)+%!s+ d! &a(+6!a%i* d!( 1= /)+/i+ s! ((!a a
)ai%a%i+!s a<+) !s !( /ut+ d! !-u((i%i*'
%a-+ !diat! 2 )!a%%i+!s %+s!%u.as d! adi%i*, %++ s! u!st)a ! !( si6ui!t! !s9u!a
%$. &i el comp'e(to ) e( 'n comp'e(to (at'rado# e( po(i*le 'e (' e(tr'ct'ra (e repre(ente como
1'
La $u%i* +)68i%a a(%+&+( s! %a)a%t!)ia /+)
/)!s!ta) u 8t++ d! &id)*6!+ uid+ a u 8t++ d! +?6!+ < ;st! uid+ a u 8t++ d! %a)-++ /+) !di+ d! !(a%!s s!%i((+s' D! a%u!)d+ %+ (+ at!)i+), (a !st)u%tu)a 9u! )!/)!s!ta u a(%+&+( !s
