FWZHZVZOW JFL PHYZKJO GOCWFY]HJOY GOLOBIKHCO Zâzvlo K Chzvyhlfqh, pykcgkpkow, pfywocfyâh { wâbiolow HYZÂGVLO 8#" Fl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco fw vch oynhckqhgk÷c polâzkgh jf gfczyo, gfczyo, jfbogy jfbogyèzk èzkgh, gh, popvlhy popvlhy,, bojfyc bojfychh { jf h}hcqhj h}hcqhjh, h, oynhck oynhckqhj qhjhh jf hgvfyj hgvfyjoo goc lh Gocwzkzvgk Gocwzkzvgk÷c ÷c { lhw lf{fw jf lh Yfpñilk Yfpñilkgh, gh, mvcjhjh fl : jf ogzviyf jf 84:; h yhâq jf lh pvilkghgk÷c jf lh jfglhyhgk÷c pyonyhbèzkgh jf Aowë Fvwfiko Ghyo { Bhykhco Owpkch Yojyânvfq, gv{ow pykcgkpkow hgonf { pyhgzkgh# HYZÂGVLO 9#" Fl mvcjhb mvcjhbfcz fczoo jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjoo Gocwfy} Gocwfy}hjoy hjoy Golobi Golobikhc khcoo yhjkgh yhjkgh fc vch gocgfpgk÷c dvbhckwzh { wv oiafzk}o fw pyopfcjfy poy fl yfwpfzo h lh jknckjhj jf lh pfywoch, nhyhczkqhcjo fl plfco fafygkgko jf low jfyfgdow dvbhcow gocwhnyhjow { jfmkckjow fc lh jfglhyhgk÷c jf lh Oynhckqhgk÷c jf lhw Chgkocfw Vckjhw"OCV", fc lh Ghyzh jf Gocwzkzvgk÷c jf lh Oynhckqhgk Oynhckqhgk÷c ÷c jf low Fwzhjow Fwzhjow Hbfykghcow Hbfykghcow"OFH" "OFH",, { fc lh Gocwzkzvgk Gocwzkzvgk÷c ÷c Polâzkgh Polâzkgh jf Golobikh# Jf fwzh gocgfpgk÷c mklow÷mkgh wf jfwpyfcjfc low pyop÷wkzow polâzkgow, fgoc÷bkgow, wogkhlfw { gvlzvyhlfw jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco, low gvhlfw dhyèc phyzf jf lh jfglhyhgk÷c pyonyhbèzkgh jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# Zojh jfglhyhgk÷c pyonyhbèzkgh wfyè pvilkghjh gobo hcfth h low pyfwfczfw Fwzhzvzow# HYZÂGVLO 7#" Woc pykcgkpkow yfgzoyfw jf lh oynhckqhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo1 8# Nhyhczkqhy lh yfhl { fmfgzk}h jfbogyhgkh kczfych# 9# Gocwvlzhy, Gocwvlzhy, hgonfy hgonfy { ftpyfwhy ftpyfwhy lh }olvczhj }olvczhj popvlhy popvlhy fc lh moybvl moybvlhgk÷c hgk÷c jf lhw lhw polâzkghw polâzkghw pñilkghw# 7# Pyobo}fy lh phyzkgkphgk÷c jf lh av}fczvj, lh bvafy { lhw bkcoyâhw# :# Ozoynhy hvzocobâh h lhw oynhckqhgkocfw oynhckqhgkocfw jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlfw# bvckgkphlfw# 6# Yfgocogf Yfgocogfyy { hgfpzhy hgfpzhy bhzkgfw bhzkgfw o zfcjfc zfcjfcgkh gkhww jfczyo jfczyo jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo, o, goc wvafgk wvafgk÷c ÷c h low Fwzhzvzow { zozhl hghzhbkfczo h lh kcwzkzvgkochlkjhj# kcwzkzvgkochlkjhj# =# Hwfnvyhy lh zyhcwphyfcgkh fc lh hplkghgk÷c { pyègzkgh jf low Fwzhzvzow# HYZÂGVLO :#" Fl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco zkfcf pfywocfyâh avyâjkgh, yfgocogkjh bfjkhczf Yfwolvgk÷c Cñbfyo 000> jfl 94 jf Fcfyo jf 8;4= jfl Gocwfao Chgkochl Flfgzoyhl, o bfjkhczf lhw xvf lh bojkmkxvfc o wvwzkzv{hc#
8
HYZÂGVLO 6" Fl goloy jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy fw fl hqvl# Fl fbilfbh, wâbiolow, dkbco { ihcjfyh hjopzhjow gobo jkwzkczk}ow jfl Phyzkjo fwzèc jfikjhbfczf yfnkwzyhjow fc fl Gocwfao Chgkochl Flfgzoyhl
Zâzvlo KK Jf low bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo HYZÂGVLO =#" Lh pfyzfcfcgkh pfyzfcfcgkh hl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy fw lkiyf, lkiyf, }olvczhykh }olvczhykh { fwpoczècfh# fwpoczècfh# Jf fllh, wf jfyk}h lh ghlkjhj jf bkfbiyo jfl Phyzkjo {, gocwfgvfczfbfczf, lh oilknhgk÷c { fl gobpyobkwo jf hghzhy jf bhcfyh nfcfyhl fwzow Fwzhzvzow {, fc fwpfgkhl, lhw pyodkikgkocfw { whcgkocfw yflhzk}hw h lh joilf bklkzhcgkh, fl zyhcwmvnvkwbo { ozyhw gocjvgzhw hzfczhzoykhw goczyh lh ftkwzfcgkh { lh jknckjhj jfl j fl Gocwfy}hzkwbo#
Ghpâzvlo 8 Ghzfnoyâhw HYZÂGVLO >#" Low bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy wfyèc bklkzhczfw o wkbphzkqhczfw# 8# Woc bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo xvkfcfw1 h+ Wolkgkzhy Wolkgkzhyfc fc wv kcnyfwo kcnyfwo o jfglhyhyfc, jfglhyhyfc, poy gvhlxvkfy gvhlxvkfy bfjko, pfyzfcfgfy pfyzfcfgfy hl bkwbo# i+ ]ozhyfc fc lhw gocwvlzhw gocwvlzhw popvlhyfw jfl Phyzkjo# Phyzkjo# g+ Dvik Dvikfy fyfc fc wkjo wkjo go gocw cwkj kjfy fyhjo hjoww bkfb bkfbiy iyow ow poy poy jfyf jfyfgd gdo o pyop pyopko ko jf lh Goc}fcgk÷c Chgkochl Gfczyhlkqhjh, jf lh Gocmfyfcgkh jf Jkyfgzoykow Yfnkochlfw { Avczh jf Gocnyfwkwzhw o phyzkgkphjo fc lhw gocwvlzhw Popvlhyfw# j+ Dvikfyfc yfgkikjo yfgkikjo h}hl jfl Phyzkjo phyh gvhlxvkfy flfggk÷c# flfggk÷c# f+ Jfwfbpføhyf Jfwfbpføhyfc c o dvikfyfc dvikfyfc jfwfbpføhjo jfwfbpføhjo ghynow jf yfpyfwfczhgk÷c yfpyfwfczhgk÷c popvlhy o fbplfow jf hvzoykjhj gk}kl o polâzkgh, h cobiyf jfl Phyzkjo, hwâ gobo hxvfllow xvf dh{hc wkjo flfnkjow flfnkjow poy vc nyvpo wknckmkghz wknckmkghzk}o k}o jf gkvjhjhcow wkc pfywocfyâh avyâjkgh xvf wolkgkzfc wv kcnyfwo# m+ Kczfnyhyfc nyvpow jf ihwf jfikjhbfczf jfikjhbfczf yfgocogkjow poy fl Phyzkjo# n+ Zv}kfyfc Zv}kfyfc bhcjhzo bhcjhzo popvlhy popvlhy hgyfjkzhjo, hgyfjkzhjo, gobo low gocwfafyow gocwfafyow bvckgkphlfw jf av}fczvj, pfywocfyow fwzvjkhczklfw, bkfbiyow jf avczhw jkyfgzk}hw jf hggk÷c gobvchl, hwogkhgkocfw jf vwvhykow, wkcjkghzow { wkbklhyfw# 9
9# Woc wkbphzkq wkbphzkqhcz hczfw fw jfl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo lhw pfywoc pfywochw hw xvf, xvf, wkc wfy bklkz bklkzhczf hczfw, w, jf gvhlxvkfy bhcfyh hpo{fc hl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco# HYZÂGVLO 4#" Lh ghlkjhj jf bklkzhczf jfl Phyzkjo wf pkfyjf1 8# Poy yfcvcgkh# 9# Poy pfyzfcfg pfyzfcfgfy fy o hjdfyk hjdfykyy pñilkg pñilkghbf hbfczf czf h ozyo ozyo phyzkj phyzkjo o o bo}kbk bo}kbkfcz fczo o polâzkgo goc pfywocfyâh avyâjkgh# 7# Poy whcgk÷c jkwgkplkchykh kbpvfwzh poy fl fl ÷ynhco gobpfzfczf gobpfzfczf jfl Phyzkjo# :# Poy kcwgykik kcwgykikywf ywf fc vc nyvpo nyvpo wknckm wknckmkgh kghzk} zk}o o jf gkvjhjhco gkvjhjhcoww goc fl mkc jf ogvphy vc ghyno jf flfggk÷c popvlhy wkc hvzoykqhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo#
Ghpâzvlo 9 Jfyfgdow HYZÂGVLO ;#" Woc jfyfgdow jf low bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo, hjfbèw jf low kcdfyfczfw h wv gocjkgk÷c jf bkfbiyow, low wknvkfczfw1 8# Phyzkgkphy Phyzkgkphy hgzk}hbfczf hgzk}hbfczf fc lh flhioyhgk÷c flhioyhgk÷c { hjopgk÷c hjopgk÷c jf lhw polâzkghw polâzkghw { pyonyhbhw pyonyhbhw jfl Phyzkjo, bfjkhczf lh lkiyf ftpyfwk÷c { jfmfcwh jf wvw opkckocfw h zyh}ëw jf low bfjkow xvf wf fwzhilfqghc fwzhzvzhykh { yfnlhbfczhykhbfczf# 9# Goczyolhy lh hggk÷c polâzkgh jfl Phyzkjo { jf wvw yfpyfwfczhczfw fc lhw kcwzkzvgkocfw pñilkghw, ghchlkqhcjo wvw gykzfykow { oiwfy}hgkocfw h zyh}ëw jf j f low ÷ynhcow kczfycow# 7# Flfnky { wfy flfnkjow bkfbiyow jf low ÷ynhcow jf noikfyco jfl Phyzkjo, goc }oq { }ozo fc low gocnyfwow, gocwvlzhw { gocmfyfcgkhw jfl bkwbo# :# Yfgkiky moybhgk÷c pyfgkwh { opoyzvch hwkwzfcgkh zëgckgh phyh fl ghihl gvbplkbkfczo jf lhw zhyfhw polâzkghw 6# Wfy wflfggkochjow gobo ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo h low jkmfyfczfw pyogfwow flfgzoyhlfw# HYZÂGVLO 80#" Woc jfyfgdow gobvcfw jf low bklkzhczfw bklkzhczfw { wkbphzkqhczfw wkbphzkqhczfw fc yflhgk÷c goc fl Phyzkjo, low wknvkfczfw1 8# Pyopocfy kckgkhzk}hw phyh lh hjopgk÷c { flhioyhgk÷c jf lhw polâzkghw { pyonyhbhw# 9# Wfy kcmoybhjow woiyf wvw hgzk}kjhjfw# 7# Wolkgkzhy lh kczfy}fcgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo myfczf h lh jfmkckgk÷c jf polâzkghw pñilkghw#
Ghpâzvlo 7 Jfifyfw 7
HYZÂGVLO 88#" Woc jfifyfw { oilknhgkocfw jf low bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo, low wknvkfczfw1 8# ]flhy poy fl ikfc gobñc { lh flkbkchgk÷c jf lh poiyfqh# 9# Goczykivky hl moyzhlfgkbkfczo jf lh jfwgfczyhlkqhgk÷c# 7# Gvbplky goc low Fwzhzvzow, yfnlhbfczow { jfbèw coybhw xvf gocwzkzv{fc fl oyjfchbkfczo kczfyco jfl Phyzkjo { havwzhy wv hgzk}kjhj polâzkgh h low mkcfw, pykcgkpkow { pyonyhbhw jfl bkwbo# :# Hghzhy lhw jfgkwkocfw { oykfczhgkocfw fbhchjhw jf lhw afyhyxvâhw jf lh golfgzk}kjhj# 6# ]ozhy poy low ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo# =# Phyzkgkphy jf low hgzow pñilkgow { jf zojhw lhw goc}oghzoykhw xvf dkgkfyf fl Phyzkjo# ># Fwzvjkhy { jk}vlnhy fl pfcwhbkfczo Gocwfy}hjoy# 4# Goczykivky h lh vckjhj { oynhckqhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo# ;# Goczykivky hl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy, jf gocmoybkjhj goc lhw coybhw }knfczfw# 80# Yfwpfzhy pñilkgh { pyk}hjhbfczf fl docoy { lh kbhnfc jfl Phyzkjo, jf wvw ÷ynhcow { jf zojow wvw bkfbiyow# 88# Hwvbky { gvbplky goc jklknfcgkh { yfwpocwhiklkjhj lhw mvcgkocfw { zyhihaow xvf wf lfw fcgobkfcjfc#
Ghpâzvlo : Pyodkikgkocfw HYZÂGVLO 89#" Ckcnñc bklkzhczf jfl Phyzkjo pojyè1 h# Pfyzfcfgfy wkbvlzècfhbfczf h ozyo bo}kbkfczo o phyzkjo polâzkgo goc pfywocfyâh avyâjkgh ck zhbpogo, h ckcnñc nyvpo wknckmkghzk}o jf gkvjhjhcow xvf wf oynhckg oynhckgf f o llfnhyf llfnhyf h oynhckqh oynhckqhywf ywf goc goc fl pyop÷wkzo pyop÷wkzo jf pyfwfcz pyfwfczhy hy ghcjkjhzow phyh lhw flfggkocfw jf wfy}kjoyfw pñilkgow o jf hvzoykjhjfw jf oynhckqhgkocfw polâzkghw# i# Hpo{hy Hpo{hy o hjfl hjflhcz hczhy hy hgzk} hgzk}kjh kjhjfw jfw jf ghbp ghbphøh høh flf flfgzo gzoyhl yhl poy ghcjkj ghcjkjhzo hzoww jf ozyo bo}kbkfczo o phyzkjo polâzkgo o nyvpo wknckmkghzk}o jf gkvjhjhcow, fc gfyzèbfcfw flfgzoyhlfw o fc goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw# Wf ftgfpzñhc hxvfllow ghwow fc xvf bfjkf hvzoykqhgk÷c jfl ÷ynhco gobpfzfczf jfl Phyzkjo# g# Wfy ghcjkj ghcjkjhzo hzo jf ozyow ozyow bo}k bo}kbk bkfcz fczow ow o phyzkjo phyzkjoww polâz polâzkgo kgow, w, whl} whl}o o xvf xvf wf wf dvikfyf hvzoykqhjo hlkhcqh o gohlkgk÷c poy phyzf jf lh hvzoykjhj gobpfzfczf# j# Dhgf Dh gfyy bhl bhl vwo vwo jf low low wâbi wâbiol olow ow jfl jfl Phyz Phyzkj kjo o o hpyo} hpyo}fg fgdhy dhywf wf jf jf ëwzo ëwzoww phyh phyh go gocm cmvc vcjk jkyy hl flfg flfgzo zoyhj yhjo o fc zoyc zoyco o h lh kjfc kjfczk zkjh jhj j jf low low gh ghcj cjkj kjhz hzow ow omkgkhlfw jf lh golfgzk}kjhj# f# Pyomfyky Pyomfyky hgvwhgk hgvwhgkocfw ocfw zfbfyhykhw zfbfyhykhw jf goczfc goczfckjo kjo jflkgzvowo jflkgzvowo goczyh goczyh ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo phyh oizfcfy }fczhahw flfgzoyhlfw# :
Ghpâzvlo 6 Kcdhiklkjhjfw f kcgobphzkiklkjhjfw kcgobphzkiklkjhjfw HYZÂGVLO 87#" Lhw kcdhiklkjhjfw, kcgobphzkiklkjhjfw { fl yënkbfc jf gocmlkgzo jf kczfyfwfw gocwhnyhjow fc lh Gocwzkzvgk÷c { lh Lf{ lf wfyèc hplkghilfw h low bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy xvf wf kcwgykikfyfc gobo ghcjkjhzow h ghynow jf flfggk÷c flfggk÷c popvlhy goc fl h}hl jfl Phyzkjo# HYZÂGVLO 8:#" Low pyfghcjkjhzow h lh Pyfwkjfcgkh { ]kgfpyfwkjfcgkh jf lh Yfpñilkgh jfifyèc kcwgykikywf hczf fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl HYZÂGVLO 86#" Fl Pyfwkjfczf, fl Wfgyfzhyko { low mvcgkochykow jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy, o fc ghjh ghwo jfl jkyfgzoyko goyyfwpocjkfczf, w÷lo pojyèc wfy ghcjkjhzow h ghynow jf flfggk÷c popvlhy fc low gvhlfw wf fbplff fl }ozo pyfmfyfczf, wk jfahc wvw ghynow goc zyfw bfwfw jf hczkgkphgk÷c h lh mfgdh jf kcwgykpgk÷c jf lh ghcjkjhzvyh phyh lh flfggk÷c jf xvf wf zyhzf# Zojow fllow jfifyèc oiwfy}hy hiwolvzh cfvzyhlkjhj myfczf h lhw flfggkocfw jf goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw { fc lhw gocwvlzhw popvlhyfw pop vlhyfw xvf wf yfhlkgfc# HYZÂGVLO 8=#" Fw kcgobphzkilf fl fafygkgko jf lh yfpyfwfczhgk÷c popvlhy, hjbkckwzyhzk}h { polâzkgh jfl phyzkjo poy phyzf jf low gocnyfwkwzhw, jkpvzhjow { gocgfahlfw goc fl bhcfao jf low mocjow fgoc÷bkgow xvf, poy gvhlxvkfy gocgfpzo, goyyfwpocjhc h lh golfgzk}kjhj# HYZÂGVLO 8>#" Ckcnñc bkfbiyo jf Jkyfgzoyko pojyè goczyhzhy goc low yfwpfgzk}ow mocjow gocwfy}hjoyfw gocwzkzvkjow poy fl Jkyfgzoyko jfl gvhl dhgfc phyzf, fc hybocâh goc fl hyzâgvlo 848 jf lh Gocwzkzvgk÷c Polâzkgh#
Zâzvlo KKK ×ynhcow jfl Phyzkjo HYZÂGVLO 84#" Low ÷ynhcow jfl Phyzkjo woc1 8# Jf jkyfggk÷c { yfpyfwfczhgk÷c# 9# Jf gocwvlzh { phyzkgkphgk÷c# 7# Jf fafgvgk÷c { hjbkckwzyhgk÷c# :# Jf goczyol# Low ÷ynhcow jf jkyfggk÷c { yfpyfwfczhgk÷c, { low jf gocwvlzh { phyzkgkphgk÷c woc jf 6
oilknhzoy oilknh zoykh kh ftkwz ftkwzfcgk fcgkhh fc ghjh ghjh vco jf low ck} ck}flf flfww chgkoc chgkochl, hl, jfphyzh jfphyzhbfc bfczhl zhl,, jkwzyk jkwzykzhl zhl { bvckgkphl#
Ghpâzvlo 8 ×ynhcow jf Jkyfggk÷c { Yfpyfwfczhgk÷c Yfpyfwfczhgk÷c HYZÂGVLO 8;#" Woc oynhckwbow jf jkyfggk÷c { yfpyfwfczhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco, poy oyjfc afyèyxvkgo1 8# Jfl ck}fl chgkochl1 h+ Fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo# i+ Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy, o fl Pyfwkjfczf Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo, o lh Jkyfggk÷c plvyhl jf zyfw $7+ bkfbiyow, gvhcjo hwâ mvfyf jkwpvfwzo# g+ Lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo# j+ Lh Gocmfyfcgkh jf Jkyfgzoykow Yfnkochlfw 9# Jfl ck}fl yfnkochl1 h+ Low Gocnyfwow Jfphyzhbfczhlfw { Jkwzykzhlfw jfl Phyzkjo# i+ Low Jkyfgzoykow Jfphyzhbfczhlfw { Jkwzykzhlfw# g+ Lh Ihcghjh jf jkpvzhjow o gocgfahlfw jkwzykzhlfw# j+ Lh Gocmfyfcgkh jf Jkyfgzoykow Bvckgkphlfw 7# Jfl ck}fl bvckgkphl1 h+ Low Gocnyfwow Bvckgkphlfw jfl Phyzkjo# i+ Low Jkyfgzoykow Bvckgkphlfw# j+ Lh Ihcghjh jf gocgfahlfw bvckgkphlfw# :# Jfl ck}fl loghl1 h+ Low Jkyfgzoykow jf loghlkjhjfw, gobvchw o goyyfnkbkfczow# i+ Lh Ihcghjh jf fjklfw o gobvcfyow#
Wfggk÷c 8 Jkwpowkgkocfw gobvcfw HYZÂGVLO 90#" Fc ckcnñc ghwo pojyè ftkwzky bèw jf vc jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy fc ghjh jfphyzhbfczo, jkwzykzo, bvckgkpko o loghlkjhj#
=
HYZÂGVLO 98#" Lhw jfgkwkocfw jf low oynhckwbow plvyhlfw jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy jfifyèc wfy hpyoihjhw poy lh bh{oyâh hiwolvzh jf wvw bkfbiyow, whl}o xvf low Fwzhzvzow oyjfcfc vch bh{oyâh jkmfyfczf# HYZÂGVLO 99#" Fc ghwo jf gocmlkgzo fczyf lhw polâzkghw chgkochlfw { jfphyzhbfczhlfw, pykbhyè fl kczfyëw chgkochl# Hwâ bkwbo, fc ghwo jf gocmlkgzo fczyf lhw polâzkghw jfphyzhbfczhlfw { bvckgkphlfw pykbhyè fl kczfyëw jfphyzhbfczhl# HYZÂGVLO 97#" Gvhcjo dvikfyf powkgkocfw goczyhpvfwzhw fczyf fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo { lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo, fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy jkykbkyè lh wkzvhgk÷c# HYZÂGVLO 9:#" Gvhcjo dvikfyf powkgkocfw goczyhpvfwzhw fczyf vc Jkyfgzoyko jfl oyjfc zfyykzoykhl { lh ihcghjh jf lh goypoyhgk÷c pñilkgh jfl bkwbo ck}fl, fl gocmlkgzo wfyè jkykbkjo poy fl jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy jfl ck}fl kcbfjkhzhbfczf wvpfykoy#
Wfggk÷c 9 Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco HYZÂGVLO 96#" Lh wvpyfbh hvzoykjhj jfl Phyzkjo yfwkjf fc fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco { wvw jfgkwkocfw woc oilknhzoykhw phyh zojow wvw oynhckwbow { bkfbiyow# Jf jkgdo Gocnyfwo dhyèc phyzf low gocwfy}hjoyfw xvf yfñchc lhw wknvkfczfw ghlkjhjfw1 8# Low ftpyfwkjfczfw, ft}kgfpyfwkjfczfw { ftjfwknchjow jf lh Yfpñilkgh# 9# Low bkfbiyow jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy { xvkfcfw lo dvikfyfc wkjo fc gvhlxvkfy zkfbpo# 7# Low pyfwkjfczfw jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlfw# :# Low gocnyfwkwzhw, jkpvzhjow { gocgfahlfw jf lhw ghpkzhlfw jf jfphyzhbfczo, jfphyzhbfczo, fc fafygkgko# 6# Low ftgocnyfwkwzhw# =# Low ftbkckwzyow# ># Low ftbhnkwzyhjow jf lh Goyzf Gocwzkzvgkochl, jf lh Goyzf Wvpyfbh jf Avwzkgkh, jfl Gocwfao jf Fwzhjo { jfl Gocwfao Wvpfykoy jf lh Avjkghzvyh# 4# Low ftbhnkwzyhjow jfl Gocwfao Chgkochl Flfgzoyhl# ;# Low ftnoifychjoyfw { fthlghljfw jf gkvjhjfw jf bèw jf gkfc bkl dhikzhczfw flfnkjow popvlhybfczf# 80# Low ftpyogvyhjoyfw nfcfyhlfw jf lh Chgk÷c, low fthvjkzoyfw nfcfyhlfw { low ftgoczyhloyfw nfcfyhlfw jf lh Yfpñilkgh# 88# Low ftjfmfcwoyfw jfl pvfilo jfl oyjfc chgkochl# 89# Low ftmkwghlfw nfcfyhlfw jf lh Chgk÷c# >
87# Vc yfpyfwfczhc yfpyfwfczhczf zf jf ghjh vco jf low oynhckwbow oynhckwbow jfl Phyzkjo, Phyzkjo, pyf}khbfczf pyf}khbfczf yfgocogkjow poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy# 8:# Vc jflfnhjo poy ghjh vco jf low jfphyzhbfczow { jkwzykzow, jfwknchjo poy fl jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy jfl ck}fl yfwpfgzk}o { ozyo poy ghjh jkfq bkl }ozow gocwfy}hjoyfw xvf dh{hc wkjo fwgyvzhjow fc lhw flfggkocfw kcbfjkhzhbfczf hczfykoyfw h lh gflfiyhgk÷c jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo fc ghjh vco jf low jfphyzhbfczow { jkwzykzow, jfwknchjo poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Gocwfy}hjoy goyyfwpocjkfczf# HYZÂGVLO 9=#" Fl Gocnyf Gocnyfwo wo Chgkoc Chgkochl hl jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjoo Gocwfy Gocwfy}hjo }hjoyy Golobi Golobikhc khcoo pojyè pojyè gflfiyhywf pyfwfcgkhlbfczf fc gvhlxvkfy lvnhy jfl phâw o jf bhcfyh }kyzvhl h zyh}ëw jf low bfjkow zfgcol÷nkgow jkwpockilfw# Wolhbfczf zfcjyè }hlkjfq fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jf lh golfgzk}kjhj xvf wf yfhlkgf fc fl wkzko { zkfbpo jfzfybkchjow fc lh goc}oghzoykh jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo# HYZÂGVLO 9>#" Fl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy o, fc wv jfmfgzo, fl ]kgfpyfwkjfczf, pyfwkjkyè lhw yfvckocfw jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl, { fl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko dhyè lhw }fgfw jfl bkwbo# Fl oyjfc jfl jâh jf lh yfvck÷c wfyè flhioyhjo poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo o poy xvkfc fafyqh wvw mvcgkocfw# Low gocnyfwow gocwfy}hjoyfw pojyèc jflkifyhy { jfgkjky goc lh hwkwzfcgkh jf vc cñbfyo co kcmfykoy h lh gvhyzh phyzf jf wvw bkfbiyow, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo yfpyfwfczfc h lh bh{oyâh jf lhw fczkjhjfw zfyykzoykhlfw jfl ck}fl kcbfjkhzhbfczf kcmfykoy# Lhw jfgkwkocfw wf zobhyèc poy bh{oyâh wkbplf# HYZÂGVLO 94#" Fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo wf yfvckyè oyjkchykhbfczf { poy poy jfyf jfyfgd gdo o pyop pyopko ko ghjh ghjh jow jow høow høow## Zh Zhbi bikë këc c lo dhyè dhyè phyh phyh pyog pyoglh lhbh bhyy hl ghcjkjhzo h lh Pyfwkjfcgkh jf lh Yfpñilkgh { pyobvlnhy fl pyonyhbh jfl Phyzkjo#
Lhw yfvckocfw ftzyhoyjkchykhw wfyèc goc}oghjhw poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo phyh low hgzow fwpfgkhlfw xvf h wv avkgko lo avwzkmkxvfc, gobo moyo hbplko jf jflkifyhgk÷c { zobh jf jfgkwkocfw# HYZÂGVLO 9;#" Woc mvcgkocfw jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco1 8# Moybvlhy low pykcgkpkow jfl Phyzkjo { hpyoihy wv plhzhmoybh kjfol÷nkgh# kjfol÷nkgh# 9# Yfgk Yfgkiky iky { ghlkmk ghlkmkghy ghy low kcmoyb kcmoybfw fw jf nfwzk nfwzk÷c ÷c xvf pfyk÷j pfyk÷jkgh kghbfc bfczf zf jfif jfif 4
yfcjky yfcjkylf lf fl Pyfwkj Pyfwkjfcz fczf f jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo o o fl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko o Chgkoc Chgkochl hl jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo o Gocwfy}hjoy, o xvkfc fafygkfyf wvw mvcgkocfw# 7# Jkykbky low gocmlkgzow xvf wf pyfwfczfc fczyf lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo { fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo# :# Hvzoyk Hvzoykqhy qhy phyh phyh lhw flf flfggk ggkocf ocfww pyfwkj pyfwkjfcg fcgkhl khlfw fw lhw hlk hlkhcq hcqhw hw jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo o Gocwfy Gocwfy}hj }hjoy oy goc ozyo ozyo phyzkjo phyzkjo o bo}kb bo}kbkfc kfczo zo polâzk polâzkgo go goc pfywoc pfywocfyâ fyâh h avyâjkgh, gvhcjo lh gocwvlzh popvlhy co wf dvikfwf pyocvcgkhjo woiyf fllo# 6# Flfnky vc Pyfwkjfczf Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo o, gvhcjo lo lo gocwkjfyf cfgfwhyko { pfyzkcfczf, vch Jkyfggk÷c Plvyhl jf zyfw $7+ bkfbiyow, fc yffbplhqo jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl, dhwzh poy fl yfwzo jfl pfyâojo xvf fwzhzvzhykhbfczf lf goyyfwpocjh h ëwzf#
Phyènyhmo# Goyyfwpocjf h lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo goc}oghy fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo gvhcjo, }fcgkjo fl zëybkco fwzhzvzhyko, fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl co lo dvikfyf goc}oghjo# HYZÂGVLO 70#" Lh chzvyhlfqh, kczfnyhgk÷c { mvcgkocfw jf low gocnyfwow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlfw jfl Phyzkjo wfyèc wkbklhyfw h low jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jf lh golfgzk}kjhj fc lo xvf goyyfwpocjh# Low yfnlhbfczow zfyykzoykhlfw jfwhyyollhyèc lh bhzfykh#
Wfggk÷c 7 Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco HYZÂGVLO 78#" Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco fwzhyè kczfnyhjo poy ocgf $88+ bkfbiyow goc wvw yfwpfgzk}ow wvplfczfw, xvf yffbpl yff bplhqh hqhyèc yèc hl yfwpfg yfwpfgzk} zk}o o bkfbi bkfbiyo yo pykcgk pykcgkphl phl poy mhlzhw mhlzhw zfbpoy zfbpoyhlf hlfww o hiwolvzhw, goc low bkwbow jfyfgdow jfl pykcgkphl#
Hl bfcow zyfw $7+ jf wvw bkfbiyow wfyèc bfcoyfw jf 70 høow jf fjhj h lh mfgdh jf lh flfggk÷c flfggk÷c {, hl bfcow, jow jow $9+ jf wvw bkfbiyow bkfbiyow wfyèc bvafyfw# bvafyfw# Ëwzhw { hxvfllow wf jfzfybkchyèc wfnñc lhw bh{oyfw }ozhgkocfw xvf dvikfyfc oizfckjo lhw pfywochw xvf gvbplkfyfc goc fwf yfxvkwkzo# Phyh ogvphy vch gvyvl fc fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl fc yfpyfwfczhgk÷c jf low a÷}fcfw o lhw bvafyfw, zhczo fl bkfbiyo pykcgkphl gobo fl wvplfczf jfifyèc gvbplky goc lh bkwbh gocjkgk÷c jf fjhj o nëcfyo# ;
W÷lo vco jf low zyfw gvpow goyyfwpocjkfczfw h bfcoyfw jf 70 høow, { vco jf low jow gvpow gvpow goyyfw goyyfwpoc pocjkf jkfczf czfww h bvafyfw, bvafyfw, pojyèc pojyèc wfy gocnyfwk gocnyfwkwzhw wzhw hl bobfczo jf lh flfggk÷c# Jfl zozhl zozhl jf low ocgf ocgf bkfbiy bkfbiyow ow pykcgk pykcgkphl phlfw fw jfl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko, o, bètkb bètkbo o wfkw wfkw pojyèc wfy gocnyfwkwzhw hl bobfczo jf lh flfggk÷c#
Phyènyhmo# Low bkfbiyow wvplfczfw jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl zfcjyèc jfyfgdo h gocgvyyky gocgvyyky h zojhw lhw yfvckocfw oyjkchykhw oyjkchykhw { ftzyhoyjkc ftzyhoyjkchykhw hykhw goc jfyfgdo jfyfgdo h }oq, { fc hvwfcgkh jfl bkfbiyo pykcgkphl zfcjyèc jfyfgdo h }oq { }ozo# HYZÂGVLO 78H# Lh hwknchgk÷c jf lhw gvyvlfw jf low jkyfgzoykow wf dhyè hplkghcjo, fc fwzykgzo oyjfc, fl wknvkfczf pyogfjkbkfczo1 8# Wf oyjfchyèc low low yfwvlzhjow jf lh }ozhgk÷c poy low jkwzkczow jkwzkczow ghcjkjhzow jf bh{oy h bfcoy# 9# Low ghcjkjhzow ghcjkjhzow xvf dvikfyfc dvikfyfc oizfckjo oizfckjo lhw wfkw bh{oyfw }ozhgkocfw }ozhgkocfw,, wf jfglhyhyèc flfnkjow wkc gocwkjfyhgk÷c jf fjhj ck nëcfyo# 7# Lhw zyfw bh{oyfw bh{oyfw }ozhgkocfw }ozhgkocfw jf ghcjkjhzow xvf gvbplkfyf gvbplkfyfc c lh gocjkgk÷c gocjkgk÷c jf zfcfy bfcow bfcow jf zyfkczh zyfkczh høow h lh mfgdh mfgdh jf lh }ozhgk÷c, }ozhgk÷c, wf jfglhyhyèc jfglhyhyèc flfnkjow# :# Lhw jow bh{oyf bh{oyfww }ozhg }ozhgkoc kocfw fw jf jf bvafy bvafyfw fw xvf xvf xvfj xvfjhyf hyfc c fc lh lkwzh lkwzh wf jfglhyhyèc flfnkjhw#
Phyènyhmo# Gvhcjo co dvikfyf ghcjkjhzow wvmkgkfczfw phyh gviyky vco o }hykow }hykow gvpow gvpow jf bvafyfw bvafyfw o jf a÷}fcfw a÷}fcfw,, low mhlzhczf mhlzhczfww wf hwknchyè hwknchyèc c h low ghcjkjhzow xvf wknvkfyfc fc }ozhgk÷c, wkc gocwkjfyhgk÷c jf fjhj o nëcfyo# HYZÂGVLO 79#" Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy { low jfphyzhbfczhlfw, bvckgkphlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { jf loghlkjhjfw, gobvchw o goyyfnkbkfczow, phyh wv oynhckqhgk÷c kczfych zfcjyèc vc pyfwkjfczf, vc }kgfpyfwkjfczf { }oghlfw# HYZÂGVLO 77#" Low jkyknfczfw jfl Phyzkjo xvf dh{hc wkjo Pyfwkjfczfw { ]kgfpyfwkjfczfw jf Yfpñilkgh o Jfwknchjow h lh Pyfwkjfcgkh wfyèc, poy jfyfgdo pyopko, gocwfafyow jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# HYZÂGVLO 7:#" Woc mvcgkocfw jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy1 80
8#
9# 7#
:#
6# =#
>#
4# ;#
80#
88# 89#
87# 8:# 8:# 86#
Bhczfcfy lh kczfnykjhj jfl pfcwhbkfczo gocwfy}hjoy, jhy lh oykfczhgk÷c nfcfyhl h lh polâzkgh gocwfy}hjoyh { wfy fl zykivchl jf ñlzkbh kcwzhcgkh phyh phyh yfwo yfwol} l}fy fy lhw lhw jk}f jk}fynf ynfcg cgkh khww xvf xvf pvjk pvjkfy fyfc fc pyfw pyfwfc fczhy zhywf wf fczy fczyf f low low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw { bvckgkphlfw# Jfzf Jfzfyb ybkc kchy hy { jfmk jfmkck ckyy lhw lhw yflh yflhgk gkoc ocfw fw polâ polâzk zkgh ghww jfl jfl Ph Phyz yzkj kjo o go goc c fl Noikfyco Chgkochl# Goc}og Goc}oghy, hy, goc ghyègzfy ghyègzfy oyjkchyk oyjkchyko o o ftzyhoyj ftzyhoyjkch kchyko yko,, lhw gocwvlz gocwvlzhw hw popvlh popvlhyfw5 yfw5 fl Gocnyf Gocnyfwo wo Chgkoc Chgkochl5 hl5 lh Gocmfy Gocmfyfcg fcgkh kh jf Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oykow ow Yfnkochlfw5 lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo, { low gocnyfwow yfnkochlfw, gvhcjo low yfwpfgzk}ow oynhckwbow co lo dkgkfyfc opoyzvchbfczf# Jfwknc Jfwknchy hy jkyfgz jkyfgzoyk oykow ow jfphyz jfphyzhbf hbfczh czhlf lfw, w, jkwzyk jkwzykzhl zhlfw, fw, bvckgk bvckgkphl phlfw fw { loghlfw pyo}kwkochlfw, { goc}oghy h flfggk÷c jf low bkwbow, gvhcjo nyh}fw wkzvhgkocfw jf dfgdo hwâ lo dkgkfyfc hgocwfahilf# Flfnky hl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# Zyhqhy jkyfgzykg jkyfgzykgfw fw h low gocnyfwkwzhw gocnyfwkwzhw phyh wv jfwfbpføo jfwfbpføo gocn go cnyf yfwk wkoc ochl hl## Gh Ghjh jh ihcg ihcghjh hjh jfl jfl Ph Phyz yzkj kjo o flfn flfnky kyè è vc }ogf }ogfyo yo xvf xvf hwkwzkyè h lhw wfwkocfw jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo xvf wfy}kyè jf fclhgf fc lh hplkghgk÷c jf lhw polâzkghw xvf hllâ wf zyhgfc# Fwzvjkhy Fwzvjkhy plhcfw plhcfw { fwzyhzfnk fwzyhzfnkhw, hw, jf ghyègzf ghyègzfyy flfgzoyhl flfgzoyhl,, zfcjkfczfw zfcjkfczfw h bfaoyhy lh yfpyfwfczhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo fc low ghynow jf flfggk÷c popvlhy { jf yfpyfwfczhgk÷c polâzkgh# Hmklkhy fl Phyzkjo h oynhckqhgkocfw polâzkghw jfbogyèzkghw jf ghyègzfy kczfychgkochl# Jfzfybkchy Jfzfybkchy lh fwzyhzfn fwzyhzfnkh kh jf jkmvwk jkmvwk÷c ÷c jf lhw lhw kjfhw kjfhw gocwfy}hj gocwfy}hjoyhw, oyhw, gooyjkchy lhw ghbphøhw polâzkghw {, fc nfcfyhl, oykfczhy lh opkck÷c gocwfy}hjoyh# Yfnlhbfcz Yfnlhbfczhy hy lh ftpfjkgk÷ ftpfjkgk÷c c jfl jogvbfczo jogvbfczo jf kjfczkmkghgk÷ kjfczkmkghgk÷c c jf low gocwfy}hjoyfw, lh moybhgk÷c jf low lkwzhjow jf wvmyhnhczfw fc low hgzow jf lh golfgzk}kjhj { lhw goczykivgkocfw xvf jfihc dhgfy low bklkzhczfw fc mh}oy jfl Phyzkjo# Jfmkcky lhw polâzkghw polâzkghw wogkhlfw wogkhlfw { fgoc÷bkghw# Fafygfy Fafygfy }ffjvyâh { gooyjkchgk gooyjkchgk÷c ÷c woiyf lhw hgzk}kjhjfw hgzk}kjhjfw jf xvkfcfw xvkfcfw yfpyfwfczfc hl Phyzkjo fc lh Hjbkckwzyhgk÷c Pñilkgh chgkochl { fc fl Gocnyfwo jf lh Yfpñilkgh# Flfnky { yfbo}fy lkiyfbfczf lkiyfbfczf hl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# Oynhck Oynhckqhy qhy lhw mvcgkocf mvcgkocfww { lhioyf lhioyfww jf lh Wfgyfz Wfgyfzhyâ hyâh h jfl Jkyfgzoy Jkyfgzoyko ko Chgkochl { jf lhw jfbèw jfpfcjfcgkhw# Jfwknchy { yfbo}fy hl Nfyfczf Hjbkckwzyhzk}o, xvf wfyè fl 88
8=# 8># 84#
8;# 90#
yfpyfwfczhczf lfnhl jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo# Jfwknchy Jfwknchy h low bkfbiyow bkfbiyow jf lh Avczh Jkyfgzk} Jkyfgzk}h h jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo# Cobiyhy yf}kwoy yf}kwoy mkwghl, hvjkzoy kczfyco kczfyco { goczhjoy# Gyfhy low gobkzëw hwfwoyfw hwfwoyfw o hvtklkhyf hvtklkhyfww xvf fwzkbf goc}fckfcz goc}fckfczfw, fw, jhylfw wvw yfnlhbfczow { cobiyhy low jkyfgzoyfw zkzvlhyfw jf low bkwbow# Kczfypyfzhy { yfnlhbfczhy low pyfwfczfw pyfwfczfw Fwzhzvzow# Phyzkgkphy fc fc lh jkwgvwk÷c { hpyoihgk÷c jf lhw yfmoybhw yfmoybhw jf low Fwzhzvzow Fwzhzvzow jfl jfl Ph Phyz yzkj kjo, o, fc low low zëyb zëybkc kcow ow pyf} pyf}kw kwzo zoww fc fl hyzâg hyzâgvl vlo o ;4° ;4° jf fwzo fwzoww Fwzhzvzow#
HYZÂGVLO 76#" Gvhcjo wf jkfyf hplkghgk÷c hl cvbfyhl xvkczo jfl hyzâgvlo 9;°, fl Pyfwkjfczf Chgkochl o lh Jkyfggk÷c Plvyhl Plvyhl zfcjyè lhw mvcgkocfw jf jkyfggk÷c ñckgh jfl Phyzkjo# Fc gocwfgvfcgkh, low bkfbiyow jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl gfwhyèc fc wvw mvcgkocfw { hjxvkykyèc lh ghlkjhj jf ÷ynhco hwfwoy#
Lhw mvcgkocfw jfl Pyfwkjfczf Chgkochl o jf lh Jkyfggk÷c Plvyhl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy, wfyèc lhw hwknchjhw poy poy fwzow Fwzhzvzow hl Jkyfgzoyko Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl { h wv Pyfwkjfczf#
Phyènyhmo# Zhbikë Zhbikëc c pojyè pojyè flfnk flfnkywf ywf Pyfwkj Pyfwkjfcz fczf f Chgkoc Chgkochl hl jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo o poy bfjko jfl bfghckwbo jf lh Gocwvlzh kczfych#
Wfggk÷c : Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo HYZÂGVLO 7=#" Low Wfchjoyfw { Yfpyfwfczhczfw h lh Gèbhyh fc fafygkgko, flfnkjow poy fl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco, gocwzkzv{fc lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo# HYZÂGVLO 7>#" Low bkfbiyow jf lh Ihcghjh jfifyèc }ozhy fc fl wfczkjo jfmkckjo poy lh bh{oyâh wkbplf jf lh bkwbh fc zojow low ghwow fc xvf lh yfwpfgzk}h goypoyhgk÷c fafyqh mvcgkocfw flfgzoyhlfw o jf goczyol polâzkgo# Fc low ghwow fc xvf fafyqh lh mvcgk÷c lfnkwlhzk}h, lh Ihcghjh jfgkjkyè poy bh{oyâh wkbplf wk hjopzh vch powkgk÷c gobñc myfczf hl yfwpfgzk}o pyo{fgzo jf lf{ o wk jfah fc lkifyzhj jf }ozhy# 89
Lhw jfgkwkocfw jf lh Ihcghjh wf hjopzhyèc fc yfvck÷c pyf}kh h lh jkwgvwk÷c poy phyzf jf lh Goypoyhgk÷c lfnkwlhzk}h# Fc jkgdh yfvck÷c wf okyè fc pykbfy zëybkco h low bkfbiyow jf lh Ihcghjh Ihcghjh xvf moybfc moybfc phyzf jf lhw yfwpfgzk yfwpfgzk}hw }hw gobkwk gobkwkocf ocfww gocwzk gocwzkzvg zvgkoc kochlf hlfww o lfnhlf lfnhlfww gobpfzfczfw phyh zyhzhy fl zfbh# Lh }kolhgk÷c h lo hgoyjhjo poy lh Ihcghjh jh lvnhy h lhw whcgkocfw goczfbplhjhw fc fwzow Fwzhzvzow, ftgfpgk÷c dfgdh jf low hwvczow xvf low bkwbow jfmkcfc gobo jf gocgkfcgkh# HYZÂGVLO 74#" Lhw Ihcghjhw zkfcfc lh oilknhgk÷c jf yfvckywf poy pykbfyh }fq jfczyo jf low zyfkczh $70+ jâhw wknvkfczfw h wv flfggk÷c, goc go c lh phyzkgkphgk÷c jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# Lh hwkwzfcgkh h lhw yfvckocfw jf lh Ihcghjh fw oilknhzoykh# Lh kchwkwzfcgkh pvfjf wfy whcgkochjh fc lh moybh fwzhilfgkjh fc lh Gocwzkzvgk÷c { fc lh lf{# lf{# Lh kchwkwzfcgkh co ftgvwh hl hvwfczf jf hghzhy lh jfgkwk÷c jf lh ihcghjh# Knvhlbfczf, fc fwh wfwk÷c, wf jfif fwzhilfgfy lh pfykojkgkjhj jf lhw yfvckocfw jf zyhihao# HYZÂGVLO 7;#" Fc lhw yfvckocfw jf lh Ihcghjh, wf jhyè hplkghgk÷c hl yfnlhbfczo jfl Gocnyfwo fc lo xvf goyyfwpocjf h lhw wfwkocfw plfchykhw# Lhw wfwkocfw jf lh Ihcghjh wfyèc jkyknkjhw poy fl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy, o poy xvkfc dhnh wvw }fgfw# Fl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Gocwfy}hjoy, wfyè fl bkwbo jf lh Ihcghjh# Lhw Ihcghjh Ihcghjhww wfyèc wfyèc gkzhjh gkzhjhww poy fl Pyfwk Pyfwkjfcz jfczf, f, h zyh}ëw zyh}ëw jfl Wfgyfz Wfgyfzhyk hykoo jfl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oykoo Chgkochl# Zhbikëc pojyèc wfy goc}oghjhw poy low jknchzhykow jf lh bfwh jkyfgzk}h jf lh goypoyhgk÷c jf xvf wf zyhzf poy wolkgkzvj fwgykzh jf vc zfygko jf wvw kczfnyhczfw, pyfwfczhjh hczf fl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# HYZÂGVLO :0#" Lh gocmknvyhgk÷c jf gohlkgkocfw zfbpoyhlfw o hggkjfczhlfw goc ozyhw ihcghjhw, poy yhqocfw zfbèzkghw o ftzyhoyjkchykhw, wfyèc hgoyjhjhw fczyf lh Ihcghjh { fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# HYZÂGVLO :8#" Woc mvcgkocfw jf lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo1 8# Flfnky vc }ogfyo jf Ihcghjh poy ghjh goypoyhgk÷c, phyh xvf wky}h jf fclhgf fczyf low bkfbiyow jf lh Ihcghjh { fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo, Phyzkjo, o xvkfc dhnh wvw }fgfw# Fwzf }ogfyo wfyè fl yfwpocwhilf yfwpocwhilf jf hybockqhy lhw jfgkwkocfw jfl Jkyfgzoyko Gocwfy}hjoy goc lhw jf lh ihcghjh# 9# Yfvckywf goc fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl poy lo bfcow jow }fgfw hl høo, goc fl pyop÷wkzo jf gooyjkchy fwzyhzfnkhw jf hggk÷c polâzkgh# 7# Golhioyhy goc fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl fc lh mkahgk÷c jf lh polâzkgh gocwfy}hjoyh { 87
moybvlhy wolkgkzvjfw o wvnfyfcgkhw phyh fl ëtkzo jf lh polâzkgh jfl gocwfy}hzkwbo# :# Fwzhilfgfy, jf gobñc hgvfyjo goc fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl, lh polâzkgh { powkgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo fc yflhgk÷c goc kckgkhzk}hw wvafzhw h zyèbkzfw fc lh goypoyhgk÷c# 6# Flhioyhy pyo{fgzow hgoyjfw goc fl pfcwhbkfczo jfl Phyzkjo# =# Jfihzky lhw kckgkhzk}hw pyfwfczhjhw poy ozyhw ihcghjhw o poy fl Noikfyco, ihao lh pfywpfgzk}h jf wv gocmoybkjhj v opowkgk÷c goc fl pfcwhbkfczo jfl Phyzkjo { hjopzhy fc gocwfgvfcgkh vch powkgk÷c jkwgkplkchjh, yfmlftk}h, yhqochjh { hyb÷ckgh# ># Fwgonfy poy }ozhgk÷c wfgyfzh low ghcjkjhzow gocwfy}hjoyfw phyh lhw jknckjhjfw jfl Gocnyfwo# 4# Jfwknchy vco o }hykow poyzh}ogfw phyh ghjh jfihzf fc gobkwk÷c o plfchykh jf lh goypoyhgk÷c yfwpfgzk}h# HYZÂGVLO :9#" Fl }ogfyo jf Ihcghjh { fl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl, jk}vlnhyèc lh polâzkgh { powkgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo fc yflhgk÷c yflhgk÷c goc lhw kckgkhzk}hw kckgkhzk}hw wvafzhw wvafzhw h low zyèbkzfw zyèbkzfw fc lh goypoyhgk÷c yfwpfgzk}h# HYZÂGVLO :7#" Zojo kczfnyhczf jf Ihcghjh zkfcf jfyfgdo h lh oiafgk÷c jf gocgkfcgkh# Wkc fbihyno, zhl oiafgk÷c co pvfjf goc}fyzkywf fc vc pyogfjkbkfczo phyh kcgvyyky fc zyhcwmvnvkwbo o kcjkwgkplkch goczyh fl Phyzkjo# Lh oiafgk÷c jf gocgkfcgkh w÷lo pyogfjfyè poy yhq÷c jf gyffcgkhw yflknkowhw { fc low ghwow jf }ozhgk÷c fc fafygkgko jf mvcgkocfw avjkgkhlfw# HYZÂGVLO ::#" Lh kcjkwgkplkch jf gvhlxvkfyh jf low bkfbiyow jf lh Ihcghjh gocwzkzv{f mhlzh xvf jhyè lvnhy h lhw whcgkocfw pyf}kwzhw fc fwzf Fwzhzvzo# Lhw mhlzhw woc jf jkmfyfczfw ghzfnoyâhw, wfnñc lh bhzfykh o fl gobpoyzhbkfczo jf xvf wf zyhzf, hwâ1 8# Kcgvyyf fc mhlzh lf}âwkbh1 h+ Fl xvf poy pykbfyh }fq }ozh jf bhcfyh goczyhykh h lh ihcghjh o wf hiwzkfcf jf dhgfylo, wk goc wv gobpoyzhbkfczo co hlzfyh fl yfwvlzhjo mkchl jf lh }ozhgk÷c bh{oykzhykh fc fl wfczkjo fc xvf wvmyhn÷ lh Ihcghjh# i+ Fl xvf co oiwzhczf }ozhy fc fl bkwbo wfczkjo jf lh ihcghjh, wowzkfcf jvyhczf fl jfihzf powkgkocfw jkwzkczhw h lh jfmkckjh poy lh bkwbh# 9# Kcgvyyf fc mhlzh lf}f1 h+ Fl xvf }ozh jf bhcfyh goczyhykh h lh ihcghjh o wf hiwzkfcf jf dhgfylo { wowzkfcf jvyhczf fl jfihzf powkgkocfw jkwzkczhw h lh jf lh ihcghjh, wk goc wv gobpoyzhbkfczo co hlzfyh fl yfwvlzhjo mkchl jf lh }ozhgk÷c }ozhgk÷c bh{oykzhykh fc fl wfczkjo wfczkjo fc xvf wvmyhn÷ lh ihcghjh# i+ Fl xvf yfkcgkjf poy vch }fq fc hlnvch jf lhw gocjvgzhw gocwkjfyhjhw gobo mhlzh lf}âwkbh# 8:
7# Kcgvyyf fc mhlzh nyh}f1 h+ Fl xvf }ozh jf bhcfyh goczyhykh h lh ihcghjh o wf hiwzkfcf jf dhgfylo { pyobvf}f lh bkwbh gocjvgzh fc low jfbèw kczfnyhczfw, kcjfpfcjkfczfbfczf jfl yfwvlzhjo mkchl jf lh }ozhgk÷c# i+ Fl xvf }ozh jf bhcfyh goczyhykh h lh ihcghjh o wf hiwzkfcf jf dhgfylo, wk fl yfwvlzhjo mkchl jf lh }ozhgk÷c fw bh{oykzhyko fc goczyh jfl wfczkjo fc xvf wvmyhn÷ lh ihcghjh# g+ Fl xvf }ozh jf bhcfyh goczyhykh h lh ihcghjh o wf hiwzkfcf jf dhgfylo { wowzkfcf jvyhczf fl jfihzf powkgk÷c jkmfyfczf h lh jfmkckjh poy lh ihcghjh, wk fl yfwvlzhjo mkchl jf lh }ozhgk÷c fw bh{oykzhyko fc goczyh jfl wfczkjo fc xvf wvmyhn÷ lh ihcghjh# j+ Fl xvf yfkcgkjf yfkcgkjf poy bèw jf vch }fq fc hlnvch jf lhw gocjvgzhw gocwkjfyhjhw gocwkjfyhjhw gobo mhlzh mhlzh lf}f# :# Kcgvyyf fc mhlzh nyh}âwkbh1 Fl xvf }ozh jf bhcfyh bhcfyh goczyhykh h lh ihcghjh o wf hiwzkfcf jf dhgfylo, wowzkfcf wowzkfcf powkgkocfw jkwzkczhw h lhw jfmkckjhw poy lh ihcghjh, jh jfglhyhgkocfw pñilkghw jf goczfckjo kcavykowo goczyh lh ihcghjh, fl Phyzkjo o wvw hvzoykjhjfw { pyobvf}f gocjvgzhw jf zyhcwmvnvkwbo, kcjfpfcjkfczfbfczf jfl yfwvlzhjo mkchl jf lh }ozhgk÷c# HYZÂGVLO :6#" Wfnñc lh nyh}fjhj jf lh mhlzh, fl Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko hplkghyè lhw wknvkfczfw whcgkocfw1 8# Phyh mhlzh lf}âwkbh1 pëyjkjh jfl jfyfgdo h }ozhy poy vch wfwk÷c# 9# Phyh mhlzh lf}f1 pëyjkjh jfl jfyfgdo h }ozhy poy fl cñbfyo jf wfwkocfw xvf jfzfybkcf fl Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko, kcmfykoy hl yfwzo jfl pfyâojo gocwzkzvgkochl o lfnhl fc gvywo# 7# Phyh mhlzh nyh}f1 h+ Pëyjkjh jfl jfyfgdo h }ozhy poy fl yfwzo jfl pfyâojo gocwzkzvgkochl o lfnhl jf wfwkocfw fc gvywo# i+ Pëyjkjh jfl jfyfgdo h }ozhy poy fl yfwzo jfl pfyâojo gocwzkzvgkochl o lfnhl phyh fl gvhl mvf flfnkjo# :# Phyh mhlzh nyh}âwkbh1 pëyjkjh jfl jfyfgdo h }ozhy poy fl yfwzo jfl pfyâojo gocwzkzvgkochl o lfnhl phyh fl gvhl mvf flfnkjo { ftpvlwk÷c jfl Phyzkjo# Phyènyhmo# Gvhcjo wf whcgkoch h vco o }hykow jf low kczfnyhczfw jf vch Ihcghjh, fl o low whcgkochjow goc lh lh wvwpfcwk÷c jfl }ozo co pvfjfc }ozhy ck hpo{hy lhw pyopvfwzhw jf ozyhw ihcghjhw# Zhbpog Zhbpogoo pojyè pojyè }ozhy phyh lhw jfgkwko jfgkwkocfw cfw jf lh ihcghjh ihcghjh bkfczy bkfczyhw hw wviwkwzh wviwkwzh lh whcgk÷ whcgk÷cc kbpvfwzh#
86
HYZÂGVLO :=#" Goyyfwpocjf hl ]ffjoy kc}fwzknhy { hgvwhy hczf fl Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko jfl Phyzkjo h low bkfbiyow jf lh Ihcghjh fc fl Gocnyfwo xvf kcgvyykfyfc fc lhw mhlzhw pyf}kwzhw fc fl hyzâgvlo ::° jf fwzow Fwzhzvzow# Fl pyogfjkbkfczo phyh lh hplkghgk÷c jf lhw whcgkocfw wf jfzfybkchyè bfjkhczf yfwolv yfwolvgk÷ gk÷c c jfl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko o Chgkoc Chgkochl hl Gocwfy Gocwfy}hj }hjoy, oy, goc oiwfy} oiwfy}hcg hcgkh kh jf low pykcgkpkow yflhzk}ow hl jfikjo pyogfwo { jf lh oyhlkjhj# HYZÂGVLO :>#" Lhw jkwpowkgkocfw woiyf lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo wf hplkghyèc h lhw ihcghjhw jf jkpvzhjow, gocgfahlfw, fjklfw { gobvcfyow fc wvw goyyfwpocjkfczfw goypoyhgkocfw#
Wfggk÷c 6 Gocmfyfcgkh jf jkyfgzoykow yfnkochlfw HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO :4#" Low pyfwkj pyfwkjfcz fczfw fw { low pykbfy pykbfyow ow }kgfpy }kgfpyfwk fwkjfcz jfczfw fw jf low jkyfgz jkyfgzoyk oykow ow gocwfy}hjoyf gocwfy}hjoyfww jfphyzhbfcz jfphyzhbfczhlfw hlfw { jkwzykzhl jkwzykzhlfw, fw, gocwzkzv{ gocwzkzv{fc fc lh Gocmfyfcgkh Gocmfyfcgkh jf Jkyfgzoyk Jkyfgzoykow ow Yfnkochlfw, lh gvhl jfif yfvckywf poy lo bfcow jow $9+ }fgfw hl høo, pyf}kh goc}oghzoykh jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy# Woc mvcgkocfw jf lh Gocmfyfcgkh jf Jkyfgzoykow Yfnkochlfw1 8# Phyzkgkphy fc lh yfmoybh jf low Fwzhzvzow Fwzhzvzow jfl Phyzkjo# 9# Kczfy}fcky fc lh jfwknchgk÷c jf Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl pyo}kwkochl# pyo}kwkochl# 7# Phyz Phyzkg kgkp kphy hy fc lh hpyo hpyoih ihgk gk÷c ÷c jf low low yfnl yfnlhb hbfcz fczow ow jf low low jkyf jkyfgz gzoy oyko koww jkwz jkwzyk ykzh zhlf lfw, w, jfphyzhbfczhlfw { bvckgkphlfw# :# Hchlkqhy lh wkzvhgk÷c jfl phyzkjo fc ghjh wfggk÷c jfl phâw 6# Yfgobfcjhy hl Jkyfgzoyko Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo lhw polâzkghw { fwzyhzfnkhw xvf fwzkbf goc}fckfczfw phyh lh golfgzk}kjhj# Phyènyhmo1 Lhw Gocmfyfcgkhw Gocmfyfcgkhw jf Jkyfgzoykow Jkyfgzoykow bvckgkphlfw gvbplkyèc lhw bkwbhw bkwbhw mvcgkocfw, ftgfpgk÷c dfgdh jf lhw yfmfykjhw fc low cvbfyhlfw 8 { 9 jfl pyfwfczf hyzâgvlo#
Wfggk÷c = Jkwpowkgkocfw gobvcfw h low jfbèw ÷ynhcow jf jkyfggk÷c { yfpyfwfczhgk÷c HYZÂGVLO :;#" Gvhcjo co dvikfyf jkwpowkgk÷c ftpyfwh fc fwzow Fwzhzvzow, lhw mvcgkocfw jf low oynhckwbow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw, bvckgkphlfw { jf loghlkjhjfw jfl Phyzkjo wfyèc wkbklhyfw h lhw jfl ÷ynhco chgkochl goyyfwpocjkfczf, pfyo hplkghjhw hl fczf zfyykzoykhl yfwpfgzk}o# 8=
Lh kcbfjkhzh hvzoykjhj gobo ÷ynhco gooyjkchjoy fc low jfphyzhbfczow, jkwzykzow, bvckgkpkow { loghlkjhjfw goyyfwpocjf h low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw, bvckgkphlfw { jf loghlkjhjfw# Lh kczfnyhgk÷c { gobpowkgk÷c jf fwzow oynhckwbow wfyè knvhl h lh pyf}kwzh fc fwzow fwzhzvzow phyh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# HYZÂGVLO 60#" Fc ghjh jfphyzhbfczo, jkwzykzo { bvckgkpko, fl Phyzkjo zfcjyè hvzocobâh phyh ftpfjky vc yfnlhbfczo xvf yfnvlf low hwpfgzow yfnkochlfw { loghlfw jf lh oynhckqhgk÷c, zobh jf jfgkwkocfw { ozyow wkbklhyfw# Fwzow yfnlhbfczow wfyèc yfnkwzyhjow f kcwgykzow fc lh Wfgyfzhyâh jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# Lh hpyoihgk÷c { yfmoybh jf low yfnlhbfczow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlfw goyyfwpocjf h lh gocmfyfcgkh jf jkyfgzoykow { ihcghjh jfl zfyykzoyko yfwpfgzk}o fc wfwk÷c gocavczh, jf bhcfyh wkbklhy h gobo wf pyogfjf phyh low Fwzhzvzow chgkochlfw# Fc low bvckgkpkow jocjf co dvikfyf avczhw hjbkckwzyhjoyhw loghlfw, fl jkyfgzoyko bvckgkphl gocwfy}hjoy gocmoybhyè vc gvfypo plvyhl kczfnyhjo poy ghjh vco jf low gooyjkchjoyfw o jkyfgzk}ow jf low nyvpow jf ihwf fwzhzvzhykow f wzhzvzhykow yfnkwzyhjow hczf ël# Jkgdow yfnlhbfczow co pojyèc goczyh}fcky lh coybhzk}h chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo, pfyo wâ yfnvlhy low hwpfgzow jfl ck}fl yfwpfgzk}o co goczfbplhjow fc fllh# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy pojyè, bfjkhczf yfwolvgk÷c bozk}hjh, fc zojo zkfbpo, jfyonhy jkwpowkgkocfw jf low yfnlhbfczow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jfp hyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw o bvckgkphlfw, gvhcjo }kolfc fwzh pyfgfpzk}h#
Ghpâzvlo 9 ×ynhcow jf Gocwvlzh { Phyzkgkphgk÷c HYZÂGVLO 68#" Woc ×ynhcow jf Gocwvlzh { Phyzkgkphgk÷c1 8# ×ynhcow jf Gocwvlzh1 h+ Lh Gocmfyfcgkh Popvlhy jfl Gocwfy}hzkwbo Golobikhco# i+ Lh Hghjfbkh jfl Pfcwhbkfczo Gocwfy}hjoy { Dvbhckwzh# g+ Low jfbèw ÷ynhcow jf moybhgk÷c o kc}fwzknhgk÷c# 9# ×ynhcow jf Phyzkgkphgk÷c1 h+ Lhw oynhckqhgkocfw loghlfw { jf ihwf# i+ Lh oynhckqhgk÷c Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw#
Wfggk÷c 8 8>
×ynhcow jf gocwvlzh HYZÂGVLO 69#" Lh Gocmfyfcgkh Popvlhy jfl Gocwfy}hzkwbo Golobikhco fw vc ÷ynhco jf gocwvlzh jfl Jkyfgzoyko Gocwfy}hjoy, o xvkfc dhnh wvw }fgfw, hwâ gobo vc bfghckwbo jf gobvckghgk÷c gobvckghgk÷c goc lh wogkfjhj wogkfjhj gk}kl# Jf fllh dhyèc phyzf phyzf low bkfbiyow bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo bèw jfwzhghjow jf lh wogkfjhj gk}kl, low nyfbkow, low wkcjkghzow, lh hghjfbkh, lhw cvf}hw nfcfyhgkocfw, lhw bvafyfw, low }ogfyow jf low low wfgzoyfw wogkhlfw, wogkhlfw, xvf dh{hc wkjo goc}oghjow poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy { low jkyfgzoykow gocwfy}hjoyfw jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlfw, hwâ gobo xvkfcfw dh{hc wkjo hjbkzkjow phyh phyzkgkphy jf lh bkwbh, pyf}kh wolkgkzvj hczf lh Wfgyfzhyâh Nfcfyhl jfl ck}fl yfwpfgzk}o, goc fl mkc jf pyopocfylf hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy yfmoybhw fwzhzvzhykhw, fwzyhzfnkhw o pyonyhbhw jfl Phyzkjo# Fl jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy jfl ck}fl yfwpfgzk}o jfif oâylh gobo bâckbo vch }fq hl høo# H jkgdh gocmfyfcgkh fw oilknhzoykh lh hwkwzfcgkh jf lh ihcghjh xvf goyyfwpocjh# Fc ckcn ckcnñc ñc ghwo ghwo fwzh fwzh Gocm Gocmfy fyfcg fcgkh kh pojy pojyèè dhgf dhgfyy pyocv pyocvcg cgkh khbk bkfcz fczow ow xvf xvf co dh{h dh{hcc wkjo wkjo pyf}khbfczf hvzoykqhjow poy low yfwpfgzk}ow jkyfgzoykow gocwfy}hjoyfw# HYZÂGVLO 67#" lh Hghjfbkh jfl Pfcwhbkfczo Gocwfy}hjoy { Dvbhckwzh, fw vc ÷ynhco jf gocwvlzh jfl Phyzkjo {, fc zhl ghyègzfy, pyfwzh hwfwoyâh { ghphgkzhgk÷c h low bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo, hpo{h lh kc}fwzknhgk÷c jf low zfbhw jf kczfyëw phyh lh golfgzk}kjhj { phyzkgkph fc lh moybvlhgk÷c jf polâzkghw pñilkghw# HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO 6:#" Fc wv yfwpfg yfwpfgzk} zk}hh avykwj avykwjkgg kggk÷c k÷c,, low jkyfgz jkyfgzoyk oykow ow jfl Phyzk Phyzkjo jo jfifyèc jfifyèc pyobo} pyobo}fy fy o pojyèc pojyèc yfgoco yfgocogfy gfy gobo gobo ÷ynhcow ÷ynhcow jf gocwvl gocwvlzh, zh, moybhg moybhgk÷c k÷c,, ghphgk ghphgkzhg zhgk÷c k÷c o kc}fwzknhgk÷c, h lhw mvcjhgkocfw { goypoyhgkocfw xvf wf gocwzkzv{hc phyh fl fmfgzo# Jkgdhw fczkjhjfw jfifyèc gooyjkchy wvw pyop÷wkzow { mvcgkocfw goc lh Wfgyfzhyâh jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl, { pojyèc hgzvhy fc ghlkjhj jf hwfwoyhw fc lh moybvlhgk÷c jf lhw polâzkghw pñilkghw jfl Phyzkjo# Wvw fwzhzvzow jfifc fwzhy fc gocgoyjhcgkh goc low jfl Phyzkjo#
Wfggk÷c 9 ×ynhcow jf phyzkgkphgk÷c Phyzf 8 Oynhckqhgk÷c loghl { jf ihwf HYZÂGVLO 66#" Lh oynhckqhgk÷c loghl jfl Phyzkjo wf yknf poy fl pykcgkpko jf vckjhj 84
polâzkgh goc hvzocobâh yfnkochl { wf gocwzyv{f go cwzyv{f jfwjf fl ihyyko o lh }fyfjh# HYZÂGVLO 6=#" Low nyvpow jf ihwf jfl Phyzkjo gocwzkzv{fc lh gëlvlh mvcjhbfczhl jf lh oynhckqhgk÷c loghl gocwfy}hjoyh# Low jkyfgzoykow bvckgkphlfw gocmoybhyèc fc ghjh ihyyko o }fyfjh nyvpow jf ihwf kczfnyhjow fczyf > { 89 pfywochw, jf lhw gvhlfw hl bfcow lh zfygfyh phyzf jfifyèc wfy bvafyfw# Low jkyfgzoykow jfl phyzkjo fc wv yfwpfgzk}h avykwjkggk÷c jfifyèc fwzhilfgfy oynhckwbow jf ihwf phyh hzfcjfy hzfcjfy hwvczow hwvczow jf nëcfyo, nëcfyo, bvafyfw bvafyfw ghifqh jf mhbklkh mhbklkh,, pyomfwkochlfw pyomfwkochlfw a÷}fcfw, a÷}fcfw, lknh avckoy , ghbpfwkcow, oiyfyow, jfwplhqhjow, fzckhw, jfpoyzkwzhw, hyzkwzhw, pfcwkochjow { hjvlzow bh{oyfw5 hjfbèw, low xvf gocwkjfyf fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# HYZÂGVLO 6>#" Woc mvcgkocfw jf low nyvpow jf ihwf1 8# Goczykivky goc lh moybvlhgk÷c jf low pyonyhbhw jfl Phyzkjo# 9# Hjopzhy fwzyhzfnkhw phyh lh hggk÷c polâzkgh fc ghjh ihyyko o }fyfjh { pyopocfy polâzkghw phyh wfy hjopzhjhw fc lhw fczkjhjfw zfyykzoykhlfw wvpfykoyfw# 7# Jfmk Jfmkck ckyy lh fwzy fwzyvgz vgzvy vyhh oynhc oynhckq kqhg hgko kochl chl fc fl yfwp yfwpfg fgzk zk}o }o ihyy ihyyko ko o }fyf }fyfjh jh { pyop pyopoc ocfy fy bojkmkghgkocfw h lh oynhckqhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo fc low ck}flfw zfyykzoykhlfw wvpfykoyfw# :# Fafy Fafygf gfyy goczy goczyol ol { }ffj }ffjvy vyâh âh h lh hggk÷ hggk÷cc jf low low mvcg mvcgko koch chyk ykow ow { fczk fczkjh jhjfw jfw pñil pñilkg kghw hw chgkochlfw, jfphyzhbfczhlfw { bvckgkphlfw, fc fl èyfh jf wv ihyyko o }fyfjh# 6# Pyobo}fy lh hmklkhgk÷c { phyzkgkphgk÷c jf low gocwfy}hjoyfw fc OCNw { nyvpow jfl wfgzoy wolkjhyko# =# Oynhckqhy lhw cvf}hw nfcfyhgkocfw jfl Phyzkjo# ># Pyobo}fy lh gyfhgk÷c jf cvf}ow nyvpow jf ihwf# Phyzf 9 Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw
HYZÂGVLO 64" Fl mvzvyo jfl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo jfpfcjf, fc nyhc phyzf, jf lh }kcgvlhgk÷c }kcgvlhgk÷c jf lhw cvf}hw nfcfyhgkocfw goc fl Gocwfy}hzkwbo# Poy fwzh yhq÷c, fl Phyzkjo Gocwfy Gocwfy}hj }hjoy oy Gol Golobi obikhc khco o hjopzh hjopzh vch ghzfno ghzfnoyâh yâh fwpfgk fwpfgkhl hl fc mh}oy mh}oy jf lhw pfywochw fczyf 86 { 70 høow#
HYZKGVLO HYZKGVLO 64H# Hj÷pzhwf lh oynhckqhgk÷c Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw gobo fczkjhj fcghynhjh jf pyobo}fy lhw av}fczvjfw gocwfy}hjoyhw# Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw zkfcf lh oynhckqhgk÷c { hvzocobâh xvf lf gocmkfyf fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy fc wv yfnlhbfczhgk÷c# 8;
Ghjh jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy bvckgkphl o jf loghlkjhj pyobo}fyè lh gyfhgk÷c jf zhczow nyvpow jf ihwf jf a÷}fcfw, gobo ihyykow { }fyfjhw zfcnh wv zfyykzoyko# zfyykzoyko# Hjfbèw, oynhckqhyè ihao fl cobiyf jf Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw h low a÷}fcfw, dobiyfw { bvafyfw, kczfnyhczfw jf fwow nyvpow# Ghjh wfgyfz wfgyfzhyâ hyâhh jf jkyfgz jkyfgzoyk oykoo gocwfy gocwfy}hj }hjoy oy bvckgk bvckgkphl phl o jf loghlk loghlkjhj jhj kcwgyk kcwgykiky ikyèè hczf hczf lh wfgyfzhyâh wfgyfzhyâh jfl jkyfgzoyko jkyfgzoyko jfphyzhbfczhl jfphyzhbfczhl o jkwzykzh jkwzykzhll goyyfwpocjkfc goyyfwpocjkfczf zf lh oynhckqhgk÷c oynhckqhgk÷c Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw jfl Phyzkjo# H wv }fq ëwzh kcwgykikyè kcwgykikyè hczf lh Wfgyfzhyâh Wfgyfzhyâh jfl Jkyfgzoyk Jkyfgzoykoo Chgkochl lhw oynhckqhgko oynhckqhgkocfw cfw Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw jf low bvckgkpkow o loghlkjhjfw#
HYZÂGVLO 64I#" Gyëhwf lh Wfgyfzhyâh Zëgckgh jf lhw Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw, gobo phyzf jf lh fwzyvgzvyh hjbkckwzyhzk}h jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# Lh Wfgyfzhyâh Zëgckgh zfcjyè lh oynhckqhgk÷c xvf lf gocmkfyh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgko Chgkochl chl phyh phyh go gooy oyjk jkch chyy fl zyhi zyhiha hao o jf lhw lhw Cvf} Cvf}hw hw Nfcf Nfcfyh yhgk gkoc ocfw fw fc low low jfphyzhbfczow, jkwzykzow, bvckgkpkow { loghlkjhjfw#
Phyènyhmo# Zojow low a÷}fcfw bfcoyfw jf 70 høow xvf yfwvlzhyfc flfnkjow fc fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy, kczfnyhyèc lh Jkyfggk÷c Chgkochl jf lh Oynhckqhgk÷c jf lhw Cvf}hw Nfcfyhgkocfw#
Phyzf 7 Jf lhw Bvafyfw jfl Phyzkjo HYZÂGVLO 6;#" Gyëhwf lh Wfgyfzhyâh Zëgckgh jf lh Bvafy, gobo phyzf jf lh fwzyvgzvyh hjbkckwzyhzk}h jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl#
Lh Wfgyfzhyâh Zëgckgh zfcjyè lh oynhckqhgk÷c xvf lf gocmkfyh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl phyh gooyjkchy fl zyhihao jf lh oynhckqhgk÷c jf bvafyfw fc low jfphyzhbfczow, jkwzykzow, bvckgkpkow { loghlkjhjfw# Wv oiafzk}o pykboyjkhl wfyè zyhihahy poy lh kczfnyhgk÷c jf lhw bvafyfw gocwfy}hjoyhw fc fl ck}fl chgkochl, pyopfcjkfcjo poy poy wv bh{oy phyzkgkphgk÷c# 90
Ghpâzvlo 7 ×ynhcow jf Fafgvgk÷c { Hjbkckwzyhgk÷c Hjbkckwzyhgk÷c HYZÂGVLO =0#" Woc ×ynhcow jf Fafgvgk÷c { Hjbkckwzyhgk÷c jfl Phyzkjo1 8# Fl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# 9# Fl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# 7# Fl Nfyfczf Hjbkckwzyhzk}o# :# Low pyfwkjfczfw { wfgyfzhykow jf low jkyfgzoykow zfyykzoykhlfw#
Wfggk÷c 8 Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO =8#" Woc mvcgko mvcgkocfw cfw jfl Pyfwk Pyfwkjfcz jfczff jfl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oykoo Chgkoc Chgkochl hl jfl Phyzk Phyzkjo jo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco1 8# Llf}hy Llf}hy lh yfpyfw yfpyfwfcz fczhgk hgk÷c ÷c lfnhl lfnhl jfl Phyzk Phyzkjo, jo, fc low zëybkcow zëybkcow gocwhn gocwhnyhj yhjow ow fc fwzow fwzow Fwzhzvzow# 9# Fafygfy lh }ogfyâh polâzkgh jfl Phyzkjo hczf lh opkck÷c pñilkgh, fl noikfyco, lhw jkyfgzk}hw jf ozyow phyzkjow { hczf lhw kcwzkzvgkocfw pñilkghw o pyk}hjhw, gvhcjo wf yfxvkfyh# 7# Hgoyjhy goc low }ogfyow jf ihcghjh lh fafgvgk÷c jf lhw jkyfgzykgfw hpyoihjhw phyh fl jfwfbpføo gocnyfwkochl jf low wfchjoyfw wfchjo yfw { yfpyfwfczhczfw h lh Gèbhyh# :# Hzfcjfy lh oynhckqhgk÷c hjbkckwzyhzk}h jfl Phyzkjo# 6# Jkyknky zojow low wfy}kgkow jfl Phyzkjo# =# Dhgfy phyzf, goc }oq { }ozo, jf lh Avczh Jkyfgzk}h jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo f kcmoybhy hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jf lh golfgzk}kjhj jf wvw jflkifyhgkocfw { hgvfyjow# ># Yfgkiky yfgobfcjhgkocfw jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlfw, woiyf lhw polâzkghw { fwzyhzfnkhw xvf fwzkbfc goc}fckfczfw phyh lh golfgzk}kjhj# 4# Lhw jfbèw xvf lf hwkncf fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# HYZÂGVLO =9#" Fl yfpyfwfczhczf lfnhl { polâzkgo jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy fw fl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy o xvkfc dhnh wvw }fgfw# Fl Yfpyfwfczhczf lfnhl pojyè gocwzkzvky hpojfyhjow nfcfyhlfw o fwpfgkhlfw, hwâ gobo jflfnhy lh yfpyfwfczhgk÷c lfnhl pyo"zëbpoyf# Vch }fq yfhlkqhjh lh pykbfyh flfggk÷c jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw { 98
bvckgkphlfw jfl Phyzkjo, fl Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jflfnhyè lh yfpyfwfczhgk÷c lfnhl { polâzkgh, poy bhcjhzo fwzhzvzhyko { w÷lo phyh low hwvczow jf ghyègzfy zfyykzoykhl, fc ghjh vco jf low Pyfwkjfczfw jf low jkyfgzoykow Jfphyzhbfczhlfw, Jkwzykzhlfw { Bvckgkphlfw# Phyènyhmo# Lh jflfnhgk÷c h lh xvf hlvjf fwzf hyzâgvlo pojyè yf}oghywf fc ghwo jf bhl vwo jf lh bkwbh o poy gkygvcwzhcgkhw xvf hbfchgfc lh vckjhj jfl Phyzkjo, pyf}kh jfgkwk÷c jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl }flhyè poy fl gvbplkbkfczo jf fwzh jkwpowkgk÷c#
Wfggk÷c 9 Fl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl HYZÂGVLO =7#" Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl flfnkyè { yfbo}fyè lkiyfbfczf hl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# HYZÂGVLO =:#" Woc mvcgkocfw jfl Wfgyfzhyko jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl1 8# Jkyknky { oykfczhy lhw lhioyfw jf lh Wfgyfzhyâh { jf wvw jfpfcjfcgkhw# 9# Hgzvhy gobo Wfgyfzhyko jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo# 7# Fafgvzhy { gvbplky low bhcjhzow jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy# :# Gobvckghy h lhw ihcghjhw jf gocnyfwkwzhw, jkpvzhjow, gocgfahlfw, fjklfw { gobvcfyow, lhw kjfhw polâzkghw, plhcfw { pyonyhbhw jfl Phyzkjo { gooyjkchy lh jkmvwk÷c jf lhw bkwbhw fczyf low bklkzhczfw# 6# Bhczfcfy pfybhcfczf gobvckghgk÷c goc low wfgyfzhykow jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczh jfphyzhbfczhlfw, lfw, jkwzykzhlfw jkwzykzhlfw { bvckgkphlf bvckgkphlfww woiyf lh oynhckqhgk÷c oynhckqhgk÷c { mvcgkochbkf mvcgkochbkfczo czo jfl Phyzkjo, { yfcjky kcmoybf zykbfwzyhl hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy woiyf fl phyzkgvlhy# =# Phyzkgkphy goc }oq fc lh Avczh Jkyfgzk}h jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo f kcmoybhy hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jf lh golfgzk}kjhj jf wvw jflkifyhgkocfw { hgvfyjow# ># Zyhbkzhy lhw gobvckghgkocfw jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo, oyjfchy wvw yfwolvgkocfw, glhwkmkghy poy jfphyzhbfczow { jkwzykzow lhw yfwpfgzk}hw gobvckghgkocfw { bhczfcfy fl hygdk}o jfl Phyzkjo, fc hybocâh goc fl oyjfchbkfczo zfyykzoykhl jfl phâw# 4# Llf}hy fl goczyol jf low hgvfyjow, jkyfgzykgfw { jfgkwkocfw hjopzhjow poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy, jf gv{hw wfwkocfw lf}hczhyè hgzh xvf wf gvwzojkhyè fc fl lkiyo goyyfwpocjkfczf# ;# Yfgkiky jf low golobikhcow wv jfglhyhgk÷c jf bklkzhcgkh fc fl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco# 80# Bhczfcfy hgzvhlkqhjhw, hgzvhlkqhjhw, h zyh}ëw zyh}ëw jf low wfgyfzhykow wfgyfzhykow jf low jkyfgzoykow jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw jfphyzhbfczhlfw { jkwzykzhlfw, jfczyo jf low bèw fwzykgzow pykcgkpkow jf zyhcwphyfcgkh f kczfnykjhj, lhw ihwfw jf jhzow jf lh yfj jf jkyknfczfw { bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo xvf gobpocfc fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl { fl gvfypo gvfypo flfgzo flfgzoyhl yhl jf lhw gocwvlz gocwvlzhw hw popvlh popvlhyfw yfw## Woi Woiyf yf fwzh fwzh mvcgk÷ mvcgk÷cc fafygf fafygfyè yè fwpfgk fwpfgkhl hl }knklhcgkh fl ]ffjoy jfl Phyzkjo# 89# Gooyjkchy lhw hgzk}kjhjfw jf lhw mvcjhgkocfw { goypoyhgkocfw }kcgvlhjhw o hjwgykzhw hl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy# 99
87# Yfgkiky jf low wfgyfzhykow jf low jkyfgzoykow gocwfy}hjoyfw bvckgkphlfw, jkwzykzhlfw o jfphyzhbfczhlfw fl kcmoybf woiyf low nyvpow jf ihwf ftkwzfczfw fc wv zfyykzoyko f kcwgykikylow fc fl lkiyo jf yfnkwzyo goyyfwpocjkfczf# 8:# Lhw jfbèw xvf lf hwkncf fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo o xvkfc fafyqh lhw mvcgkocfw jf ëwzf# HYZÂGVLO =6#" Low jkyfgzoykow gocwfy}hjoyfw jfphyzhbfczhlfw, jkwzykzhlfw, bvckgkphlfw { jf loghlkjhjfw, flfnkyèc vc wfgyfzhyko xvf zfcjyè mvcgkocfw wkbklhyfw h lhw jfl Wfgyfzhykow jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl, fc wv yfwpfgzk}o zfyykzoyko#
Wfggk÷c 7 Fl Nfyfczf Hjbkckwzyhzk}o HYZÂGVLO ==#" Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco flfnkyè { yfbo}fyè lkiyfbfczf hl Nfyfczf Hjbkckwzyhzk}o jfl Phyzkjo# Woc mvcgkocfw jfl Nfyfczf Hjbkckwzyhzk}o1 8# Jkyknky lh oynhckqhgk÷c oynhckqhgk÷c hjbkckwzyhzk}h jfl Phyzkjo, Phyzkjo, fc gooyjkchgk÷c goc fl Pyfwkjfczf Pyfwkjfczf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# 9# Fafygfy lh afmhzvyh jf pfywochl jfl Phyzkjo# 7# Fafygfy lhw mvcgkocfw jf zfwoyfyâh { yfpyfwfczhgk÷c lfnhl jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo, hjbkckwzyhylo, oynhckqhy low yfghvjow { phnhy low nhwzow xvf hvzoykqh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy o xvkfc fafyqh wvw mvcgkocfw# :# Phnhy lh yfpowkgk÷c jf nhwzow jf ghbphøh h low ghcjkjhzow h}hlhjow poy fl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco# 6# Pyobo}fy { yfgkiky lh hjxvkwkgk÷c jf jochgkocfw o hvtklkow h mh}oy jfl Phyzkjo o jf lhw ghbphøhw jf wvw ghcjkjhzow# =# Yfhlkqhy { bhczfcfy hgzvhlkqhjo fl kc}fczhyko jf ikfcfw bvfilfw f kcbvfilfw, { jkwpocfy lh kcwzhvyhgk÷c jf lhw hggkocfw lfnhlfw xvf wfhc cfgfwhykhw phyh zkzvlhykqhy jkgdow ikfcfw fc ghifqh jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy# ># Yfcjk Yfcjkyy kcmo kcmoyb ybff hczf hczf fl Gocwf Gocwfao ao Chgk Chgkoch ochll Flfg Flfgzo zoyh yhll jf low low kcny kcnyfw fwow ow { nhwzo nhwzoww jf mvcgkochbkfczo { jf ghbphøhw flfgzoyhlfw, fc low zëybkcow xvf fwzhilfgf lh lf{ jf phyzkjow#
Ghpâzvlo : ×ynhcow jf Goczyol HYZÂGVLO =>#" Woc ×ynhcow jf Goczyol1 8# Low }ffjoyfw# 9# Low gocwfaow jf goczyol ëzkgo# 7# Fl Zykivchl Chgkochl Jkwgkplkchyko# 97
Wfggk÷c 8 ]ffjvyâh HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO =4#" Lh }ffjv }ffjvyâh yâh gocwfy gocwfy}hj }hjoyh oyh fwzè fwzè gocwzk gocwzkzvk zvkjh jh poy fl ]ffjo ]ffjoyy Chgkochl, flfnkjo poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl, low }ffjoyfw jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfcz jfphyzhbfczhlfw, hlfw, jkwzykzhlf jkwzykzhlfw, w, bvckgkphlfw, bvckgkphlfw, { loghlfw o gobvchlfw, gobvchlfw, xvkfcfw pyfwfczhyèc kcmoybfw pfyk÷jkgow hl ]ffjoy Chgkochl, goc fl mkc jf yfhlkqhy vch lhioy hyzkgvlhjh jf goczyol jf lhw hggkocfw jf low wfy}kjoyfw pñilkgow gocwfy}hjoyfw#
HYZÂGVLO =;#" Woc mvcgkocfw jf low ]ffjoyfw1
8# ]knklhy lhw hgzk}kjhjfw jf low bkfbiyow jf lh golfgzk}kjhj xvf yfwvlzhyfc flfnkjow phyh ghynow jf yfpyfwfczhgk÷c popvlhy o xvf dkgkfyfc phyzf jf lh Hjbkckwzyhgk÷c Pñilkgh, gvhcjo wv jfwknchgk÷c wf dvikfyf yfhlkqhjo fc gocwkjfyhgk÷c h lh mklkhgk÷c polâzkgh# 9# ]flhy ]flhy poy fl gvbplk gvbplkbk bkfcz fczo o jfl yënkb yënkbfc fc jf kcdhik kcdhiklk lkjhjf jhjfww f kcgobphzkiklkjhjfw fwzhilfgkjo phyh low wfy}kjoyfw pñilkgow xvf mvfyfc bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy, hwâ gobo poy fl gvbplkbkfczo jf low jfifyfw { oilknhgkocfw jfl flfnkjo o cobiyhjo# 7# Hgvwhy hczf fl Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko h hxvfllow bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo o jf low jkyfgzoykow xvf kcmykcnkfyfc lhw coybhw fwzhzvzhykhw jf lh golfgzk}kjhj# :# Gocgklkhy o hgvjky h bfghckwbow hlzfychzk}ow jf yfwolvgk÷c jf gocmlkgzow phyh jkykbky low ghwow ftpyfwhbfczf pfybkzkjow poy fl Yënkbfc Jkwgkplkchyko# 6# Hgvwhy hczf fl Zykivchl Chgkochl Jkwgkplkchyko h low bkfbiyow jfl Gocwfao jf Go Gocz czyo yoll Ëzkg Ëzkgo o Ch Chgk gkoc ochl hl xvf xvf kcgv kcgvyy yykf kfyf yfc c fc vch vch mhlz mhlzh h jkwg jkwgkp kplk lkchy chykh kh fwzhilfgkjh fc fl G÷jkno Ëzkgo# =# Kc}fwzknhy { hgvwhy hczf fl Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko Jkwgkplkchyko jfl Phyzkjo h low bkfbiyow bkfbiyow jf lhw ihcghjhw xvf kcgvyykfyfc fc lhw mhlzhw mhlzhw pyf}kwzhw fc fl hyzâgvlo hyzâgvlo ::° jf fwzow Fwzhzvzow#
Wfggk÷c 9 Gocwfao jf Goczyol Ëzkgo { Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko
9:
HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO >0#" Fl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko o Chgkochl Chgkochl Gocwfy Gocwfy}hj }hjoy oy jfwknc jfwknchyè hyè vc Gocwfa Gocwfao o Chgkochl jf Goczyol Ëzkgo, kczfnyhjo poy zyfw $7+ bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo, xvf jfifyèc yfvcky low wknvkfczfw yfxvkwkzow1 8# Hgyfjkzhy Hgyfjkzhy lhw bkwbhw bkwbhw ghlkjhjfw ghlkjhjfw xvf wf ftknfc phyh wfy bhnkwzyhjo bhnkwzyhjo jf lh Goyzf Wvpyfbh jf Avwzkgkh# 9# Co dhify phyzkgkphjo fc hgzk}kjhjfw jf ghyègzfy polâzkgo"flfgzoyhl polâzkgo"flfgzoyhl jfczyo jf low zyfw høow pyf}kow h lh mfgdh jf wv jfwknchgk÷c# HYZÂGVLO >8#" Fl Gocwfao jf Goczyol Ëzkgo hgvwhyè hczf fl Zykivchl Jkwgkplkchyko h low bklkzhczfw xvf dh{hc kcgvyykjo fc gocjvgzhw xvf nfcfyfc yfwpocwhiklkjhj jkwgkplkchykh poy }kolhgk÷c hl G÷jkno Jkwgkplkchyko Kczfyco jfl Phyzkjo fc low wknvkfczfw ghwow1 8# Gvhcjo kcmykcahc lhw coybhw fwzhilfgkjhw fc fwzow Fwzhzvzow o lhw polâzkghw { jfgkwkocfw hjopzhjhw poy fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl o poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy# 9# Gvhcjo kcgvyyhc fc dfgdow xvf hzfczfc goczyh low kczfyfwfw nfcfyhlfw jf lh wogkfjhj# 7# Gvhcjo hzfczfc goczyh fl phzykbocko o low kczfyfwfw jfl Phyzkjo o jfl Fwzhjo# :# Gvhcjo fc wv ghlkjhj jf ghcjkjhzo yfhlkgf hlkhcqhw goc hwpkyhczfw jf ozyow phyzkjow o bo}kbkfczow, wkc hvzoykqhgk÷c jfl ÷ynhco jfl Phyzkjo gobpfzfczf, wfnñc low Fwzhzvzow# 6# Gvhcjo wv gocjvgzh co goyyfwpocjh h lhw yfnlhw jf lh boyhl { fl jfgoyo pñilkgo# HYZÂGVLO >9#" Fl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko o Chgkoc Chgkochl hl jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo o jfwknc jfwknchyè hyè vc Zykivc Zykivchl hl Chgkochl Jkwgkplkchyko { Zykivchlfw Yfnkochlfw, low gvhlfw fwzhyèc kczfnyhjow poy poy zyfw zyfw $7+ $7+ bklk bklkzh zhcz czfw fw jfl jfl Ph Phyz yzkj kjo# o# Lo Loww bkfb bkfbiy iyow ow jfl jfl Zyki Zykivc vchl hl Ch Chgk gkoc ochl hl jfifyèc zfcfy lhw bkwbhw ghlkjhjfw xvf wf ftknfc phyh wfy bkfbiyo jfl Gocwfao Chgkochl jf Goczyol Ëzkgo# Low bkfbiyow jf low Zykivchlfw Yfnkochlfw, hjfbèw jf low pyfgfpzvhjo fc fl cvbfyhl 9 jfl hyzâgvlo >0° , jfifyèc hgyfjkzhy lhw bkwbhw ghlkjhjfw xvf wf ftknfc phyh wfy bhnkwzyhjo jf Zykivchl Wvpfykoy jf Jkwzykzo Avjkgkhl#
Woc mvcgkocfw jf low Zykivchlfw Jkwgkplkchykow1 8# Fafygfy lh hggk÷c jkwgkplkchykh jkwgkplkchykh jfl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo woiyf low bklkzhczfw, poy nyh}fw }kolhgkocfw h lh jogzykch jfl Phyzkjo o h wvw Fwzhzvzow# 9# Jhywf wv pyopko yfnlhbfczo#
Phyènyhmo 8#" Low Zykivchlfw Jkwgkplkchykow zfcjyèc fc gvfczh phyh ghlkmkghy lh nyh}fjhj jf lhw mhlzhw, lh chzvyhlfqh jf lhw bkwbhw { lh zyhwgfcjfcgkh jfl pfyavkgko ghvwhjo# Phyènyhmo 9#" Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo flfnkyè h low bkfbiyow jf 96
low Zykivchlfw Zykivchlfw Yfnkochlf Yfnkochlfww Jkwgkplkch Jkwgkplkchykow, ykow, gocmoybf gocmoybf h lh yfnlhbfcz yfnlhbfczhgk÷c hgk÷c xvf, phyh fl fmfgzo, ftpkjh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl#
Phyènyhmo Phyènyhmo Zyhcwkzoyk Zyhcwkzoyko# o# H bèw zhyjhy jfczyo jf low jow $9+ bfwfw wknvkfczfw h lh hpyoihgk÷c jf lh pyfwfczf yfmoybh fwzhzvzhykh, fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy ftpfjkyè lh yfnlhbfczhgk÷c cfgfwhykh phyh lh oynhckqhgk÷c { mvcgkochbkfczo jf low Zykivchlfw Yfnkochlfw Jkwgkplkchykow# HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO >7#" Fl Zykivchl Chgkochl Jkwgkplkchyko, yfjhgzhyè { jhyè h pvilkgkjhj, poy vch wolh }fq, fl G÷jkno jf Ëzkgh { fl G÷jkno Jkwgkplkchyko fc low xvf wf jfwgykihc lhw mhlzhw fc xvf pvfjfc kcgvyyky low wvafzow jf lh hggk÷c o lh obkwk÷c, lhw whcgkocfw goyyfwpocjkfczfw { low pyogfjkbkfczow hplkghilfw h ghjh ghwo# ]fcgkjhw fwzhw mhgvlzhjfw ftzyhoyjkchykhw, jkgdh mvcgk÷c goyyfwpocjf hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco# HYZÂGVLO >:#" Zojh pfywoch zkfcf jfyfgdo h kcwzhvyhy jfcvcgkhw poy gocjvgzhw o gobpoyzhbkfczow goczyh lh ëzkgh { goczyh lh jkwgkplkch kczfych jfl Phyzkjo, hczf fl ÷ynhco gobpfzfczf# Lh xvfah co pyogfjfyè fc ghwo jf moybvlhywf goc ghyègzfy hc÷ckbo, zfbfykjhj o mhlwfjhj#
Zâzvlo K] Bfghckwbow jf phyzkgkphgk÷c { jfbogyhgkh kczfych Ghpâzvlo 8 Jf lhw gocwvlzhw popvlhyfw HYZÂGVLO >6#" Lhw jkyfgzk}hw jfl Phyzkjo { wvw ghcjkjhzow wfyèc fwgonkjow bfjkhczf low bfghckwbow xvf nhyhczkgfc lh phyzkgkphgk÷c jfbogyèzkgh# Zhlfw bfghckwbow wf jfcobkchc gocwvlzhw Popvlhyfw#
Lhw gocwvlzhw jfifyèc wfy goc}oghjhw poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo { oynhckqhjhw oynhckqhjhw { yfhlkqhjhw yfhlkqhjhw goc fl hpo{o { lh wvpfy}kwk÷c wvpfy}kwk÷c jf lh Yfnkwzyhjvy Yfnkwzyhjvyâh âh Chgkochl jfl Fwzhjo Gk}kl# 9=
Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy jfzfybkchyè lh mfgdh jf lh yfhlkqhgk÷c jf lhw gocwvlzhw Popvlhyfw { lhw Kczfychw# Goyyfwpocjf h lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo goc}oghy lh Gocwvlzh Popvlhy o lh Kczfych gvhcjo, }fcgkjo fl zëybkco fwzhzvzhyko, fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl co lo dvikfyf dfgdo# HYZÂGVLO >=#" Lh Gocwvlzh Popvlhy fw hxvfllh fc lh xvf pvfjfc phyzkgkphy zojow low gkvjhjhcow xvf moybhc fl gfcwo flfgzoyhl jf lh goyyfwpocjkfczf avykwjkggk÷c# Wf pyfwvbf xvf lh pfywoch xvf }ozh fc fwzh gocwvlzh, bhckmkfwzh pñilkghbfczf { hczf lh Oynhckqhgk÷c Flfgzoyhl jf lh Yfpñilkgh jf Golobikh, wv }olvczhj lkiyf jf pfyzfcfgfy hl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco# Phyènyhmo# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy jfgkjkyè, phyh ghjh ghwo, lh goc}fckfcgkh jfl vwo jf fwzh gocwvlzh# HYZÂGVLO >>#" Lh Gocwvlzh Kczfych fw hxvfllh xvf wf dhgf h low bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo { fc lh xvf w÷lo pvfjfc phyzkgkphy phyzkgkphy xvkfcfw wf fcgvfczyfc fcgvfczyfc kcwgykzow kcwgykzow fc fl gfcwo gocwfy}hjoy, gocwfy}hjoy, goc zyfw bfwfw jf hczkgkphgk÷c h lh mfgdh jf lh gocwvlzh, jf gocmoybkjhj goc lh yfnlhbfczhgk÷c xvf ftpkjh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy o lh hvzoykjhj mhgvlzhjh phyh fllo#
HYZÂGVLO >4#" Lh Gocwvlzh Gocwvlzh kczfyc kczfych h pyogfjfy pyogfjfyè è wkfbpy wkfbpyf f fc low wknvkf wknvkfczf czfww ghwow1 8# Flfggk÷c jf low jkyfgzoykow jfl Phyzkjo h gvhlxvkfy ck}fl# ck}fl# 9# Fwgonfcgkh Fwgonfcgkh jf ghcjkjhzow ghcjkjhzow h flfggkocf flfggkocfww vckpfywochlfw1 vckpfywochlfw1 Pyfwkjfcgkh Pyfwkjfcgkh jf lh Yfpñilkgh, noifychgkocfw { hlghljâhw# 7# Kczfnyhgk÷c Kczfnyhgk÷c jf lhw lkwzhw jf ghcjkjhzow ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo h lhw goypoyhgkoc goypoyhgkocfw fw pñilkghw# :# Hvzo Hvzoyk ykqh qhgk gk÷c ÷c jf hlkh hlkhcq cqhw hw phyh phyh hpo{h hpo{hyy gh ghcj cjkj kjhz hzow ow jf ozyo ozyoww phyz phyzkj kjow ow,, bo}kbkfczow polâzkgow o nyvpow wknckmkghzk}ow jf gkvjhjhcow#
Phyènyhmo#" Co wfyè cfgfwhyko yfhlkqhy Gocwvlzh Popvlhy gvhcjo, gfyyhjo fl yfwpfgzk}o pfykojo jf kcwgykpgk÷c jf hwpkyhczfw h ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo, yfwvlzhyfc bfcow hwpkyhczfw xvf ghynow h pyo}ffy#
Ghpâzvlo 9 Jkwpowkgkocfw nfcfyhlfw HYZÂGVLO >;#" Low ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo jfifyèc wfy wflfggkochjow poy 9>
Gocwvlzh Kczfych, wfnñc lo jfzfybkchc low Fwzhzvzow, wkfbpyf xvf dvikfyf bèw hwpkyhczfw kcwgykzow hczf lh wfgyfzhyâh jfl jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy goyyfwpocjkfczf, xvf gvpow poy pyo}ffy# Lh gocwvlzh wf yfhlkqhyè fc lh mfgdh xvf jkwpocnh fl jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy jfl jfl ck}f ck}fll zfyyk zfyykzo zoykh ykhll yfwp yfwpfg fgzk zk}o }o,, jfcz jfczyo yo jf low low wfkw wfkw $=+ $=+ bf bfwf wfww gh ghlf lfcj cjhyk hyko o hczfykoyfw h lh mfgdh fc xvf wf yfhlkgfc lhw flfggkocfw phyh lhw goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw jf xvf wf zyhzhyf# Goyyfwpocjf, knvhlbfczf, hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy jfmkcky fl ghlfcjhyko flfgzoyhl# Lh goc}oghzoykh h gocwvlzh f kcwgykpgkocfw wf jkmvcjkyè poy bfjkow bhwk}ow jf gobvck gobvckghg ghgk÷c k÷c## Co pyogfj pyogfjfyè fyè lh Gocwvl Gocwvlzh zh kczfyc kczfych, h, wkco wkco lh popvlh popvlhy, y, fc hxvfllhw avykwjkggkocfw jocjf fl gfcwo jf bklkzhczfw co goyyfwpocjkfyf h low poygfczhafw bâckbow ftknkjow poy lh lf{# Lh pfyw pfywoc och h xvf xvf hwpk hwpkyh yhyf yf h go goc} c}fy fyzk zkyw ywf f fc gh ghcj cjkj kjhz hzo o omkg omkgkh khll jfl jfl Ph Phyz yzkj kjo o Gocwfy}hjoy, fc low ck}flfw chgkochl, jfphyzhbfczhl, jkwzykzhl o bvckgkphl, jfifyè mkybhy vc hgzh fc lh xvf wf gobpyobfzfyè h yfwpfzhy fl yfwvlzhjo jf lh gocwvlzh o lh jfgkwk÷c jfl Phyzkjo, { h lh oizfcgk÷c jf lh gkmyh bâckbh jf }ozow xvf jfmkch fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy # Lh mkhcqh o h}hl xvf fl ghcjkjhzo jfifyè ozoynhy gobo nhyhczâh jf wfykfjhj { gvbplkbkfczo jf fwzo fwzoww go gobp bpyo yobk bkwow wow,, dhyè dhyè phyz phyzf f jfl jfl hg hgzh zh## Lh gvhcz gvhczâh âh jf lh gh ghvg vgk÷ k÷c c wfyè wfyè jfzfybkchjh poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl { wf dhyè fmfgzk}h fc fl f}fczo jf xvf fl hwpkyhczf yfzkyf wv pyfghcjkjhzvyh, jfwpvëw jfl gkfyyf jf lhw kcwgykpgkocfw { hczfw jf lh yfhlkqhgk÷c jf lh gocwvlzh# Gvhcjo fl hwpkyhczf dvikfyf wkjo ghcjkjhzo h goypoyhgk÷c pñilkgh o h ghyno jf flfggk÷c popvlhy, jfifyè, hjfbèw, hgyfjkzhy xvf, fc lh flfggk÷c bèw yfgkfczf fc lh xvf dvikfyf phyzkgkphjo, oizv}o vch }ozhgk÷c co kcmfykoy h lh jëgkbh phyzf jf lh gkmyh yfphyzkjoyh o jfl ñlzkbo yfwvlzhjo dèikl jfl jfihzf flfgzoyhl yfwpfgzk}o phyh lh goypoyhgk÷c o ghyno hl gvhl hwpkyh# Gvhcjo fl hwpkyhczf co dvikfyf wkjo ghcjkjhzo jfifyè hgyfjkzhy fl dhify gocmoybhjo vc cñbfyo plvyhl jf oynhckwbow jf ihwf, jf hgvfyjo goc lh yfnlhbfczhgk÷c xvf, phyh fl fmfgzo, ftpkjh fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy pojyè, fc gvhlxvkfy bobfczo, }fyjhj whikjh ivfch mf nvhyjhjh, { goc lh hpyoihgk÷c jf lhw jow zfygfyhw phyzfw jf wvw wvw bkfb bkfbiy iyow ow,, cfnh cfnhyy fl h}hl h}hl o lh hvzo hvzoyk ykqh qhgk gk÷c ÷c jfl jfl h}hl h}hl jf hlkh hlkhcq cqhw hw h 94
ghcjkj ghcj kjhz hzow ow h gh ghyn ynow ow vckc vckcob obkc kchl hlfw fw o wfph wfphyhy yhy ghcjk ghcjkjh jhzo zoww jf lhw lhw lkwz lkwzhw hw h goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw, fc jfmfcwh jf low pykcgkpkow, jfifyfw { pyodkikgkocfw jf xvf zyhzhc low zâzvlow K { KK jf low pyfwfczfw Fwzhzvzow# Fwzhzvzow# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl pojyè hvzoykqhy lh goc}oghzoykh jfl yfwpfgzk}o gocnyfwo phyh flfnky ghcjkjhzo h ghynow vckcobkchlfw, fc hxvfllow bvckgkpkow, jkwzykzow jkwzykzow { jfphyzhbfczow xvf lo yfxvkfyhc#
Phyènyhmo# Gvhcjo wf zyhzhyf jf h}hlhy hwpkyhczfw h ghynow vckcobkchlfw jf flfggk÷c popvlhy { co wf dvikfyf fmfgzvhjo Gocwvlzh Popvlhy, fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy o fl Yfpyfwfczhczf Lfnhl jfl Phyzkjo, jfifyè wolkgkzhy { yfgkiky gocgfpzo jf low jkyfgzoykow Jfphyzhbfczhlfw, Jkwzykzhlfw, Bvckgkphlfw { Loghlfw o gobvchlfw, hczfw jf ftpfjky fl h}hl phyh gvhlxvkfy gkygvcwgykpgk÷c jfphyzhbfczhl, jkwzykzhl, bvckgkphl { loghl o gobvchl# Wk low jkyfgzoykow bvckgkphlfw o loghlfw co gokcgkjkfyfc goc fl yfwpfgzk}o jkyfgzoyko jfphyzhbfczhl phyh lh ftpfjkgk÷c jf h}hlfw, o low gocgfpzow xvf goyyfwpocjhc co llfnhyfc opoyzvchbfczf jfczyo jf low zëybkcow pyf}kwzow, fl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko o Chgkoc Chgkochl hl o fl Yfpyfw Yfpyfwfcz fczhczf hczf Lf Lfnhl nhl jfl Phyzkj Phyzkjo o jfgkjk jfgkjkyèc, yèc, ivwghcjo wkfbpyf lh vckjhj jf lh golfgzk}kjhj Gocwfy}hjoyh# HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO 40#" Gvhcjo Gvhcjo fl jkyfgz jkyfgzoyk oykoo gocwfy gocwfy}hj }hjoy oy jf gvhlxvk gvhlxvkfy fy ck} ck}fl fl goc}ogh goc}oghyf yf h gocwvlzh popvlhy o kczfych phyh fwgonfy ghcjkjhzow, low hwpkyhczfw gocwfy}hjoyfw xvf wf ckfnvfc h phyzkgkphy fc fllh, o xvf wf yfzkyfc dhikfcjo wkjo kcwgykzow, co pojyèc wfy ghcjkjhzow phyh fl pyogfwo flfgzoyhl jfl j fl xvf wf zyhzf# Low hwpkyhczfw gocwfy}hjoyfw co fwgonkjow fc lh gocwvlzh, co pojyèc kcwgykikywf gobo ghcjkjhzow goc fl h}hl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco ck jf ckcnñc ozyo phyzkjo polâzkgo#
Ghpâzvlo 7 Flfggk÷c jf low jkyfgzoykow jfl Phyzkjo HYZÂGVLO 48#" Lh kcwgykpgk÷c jf ghcjkjhzow { lh flfggk÷c jf bkfbiyow jf low jkyfgzoykow jfl Phyzkjo wfyè vckpfywochl# Phyh fl fwgyvzkcko jf low }ozow wf vzklkqhyè fl bfghckwbo jf lh bh{oyâh wkbplf# Gobo nhyhczâh jf wfykfjhj, fl bklkzhczf xvf hwpkyf h goc}fyzkywf fc ghcjkjhzo h lhw jkyfgzk}hw jf lh golfgzk}kjhj fc fl bvckgkpko, fl jfphyzhbfczo, fl jkwzykzo o lh Yfpñilkgh, jfifyè wfy kcwgykzo poy vc cñbfyo plvyhl jf nyvpow jf ihwf o, wk mvfyf jfl ghwo, poy hl bfcow vc jkyfgzoyko Gocwfy}hjoy jfl ck}fl kcbfjkhzhbfczf kcmfykoy hl jf hxvfl xvf }h h flfnkywf# Fc zojo ghwo fl ghcjkjhzo ghcjkjhzo jfif wfy bkfbiyo bkfbiyo hgzk}o o mvcjhjoy mvcjhjoy jf hlnvco jf low nyvpow jf 9;
ihwf yfmfykjow fc fl kcgkwo hczfykoy# Ckcnñc nyvpo n yvpo jf ihwf pojyè h}hlhy h} hlhy bèw jf vc hwpkyhczf# Phyènyhmo# Phyènyhmo# Fc gocwkjfyhgk÷c h lh yfpyfwfczhzk}kjhj wogkhl o polâzkgh jf low gkvjhjhcow pyopvfwzow, fl jkyfgzoyko goyyfwpocjkfczf hl ck}fl jf lh flfggk÷c xvf }h h yfhlkqhywf, pojyè jkwpocfy xvf co wf ftkahc low yfxvkwkzow pyf}kwzow fc low kcgkwow wfnvcjo { zfygfyo jf fwzf hyzâgvlo# HYZÂGVLO 49#" Low jkyfgzoykow Chgkochl, Jfphyzhbfczhlfw, Jkwzykzhlfw, Bvckgkphlfw, jf Loghlkjhjfw o Gobvchw, zfcjyèc pfyâojow kcwzkzvgkochlfw kcwzkzvgkochlfw jf gvhzyo høow, goczhjow h phyzky jf lh mfgdh jf flfggk÷c#
Phyènyhmo#" Gvhcjo dvikfyf }fcgkjo fl pfyâojo jf low jkyfgzoykow, { co wf dvikfyf goc}oghjo h Gocwvlzh Popvlhy o kczfych phyh flfnky low cvf}ow, hxvfllow hxvfllow goczkcvhyèc goczkcvhyèc fc fafygkgk fafygkgko o dhwzh poy vc zëybkco jf wfkw wfkw bfwfw# Fc zyhz zyhzèc ècjo jowf wf jfl jfl Jkyf Jkyfgz gzoy oyko ko Chgko Chgkochl chl,, { wk jfcz jfczyo yo jf jkgd jkgdo o zëyb zëybkc kco o co wf dvikfyf pyojvgkjo lh cvf}h flfggk÷c, lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo, fc wfwk÷c gocavczh goc lh Gocmfyfcgkh jf Jkyfgzoykow Yfnkochlfw, jfwknchyè vc Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Pyo}kwkochl# Phyènyhmo Zyhcwkzoyko# ‗ Fl pfyâojo jf low bkfbiyow jf low jkyfgzoykow Chgkochl, Jfphyzhbfczhlfw, Jkwzykzhlfw, Bvckgkphlfw { Loghlfw, flfnkjow fc lh Gocwvlzh jfl 9004, wfyè jf gvhzyo $:+ høow, goczhjow h phyzky jf lh mfgdh jf lh flfggk÷c# HYZÂGVLO 47#" Xvkfc hwpkyf h wfy bkfbiyo jf vc jkyfgzoyko, jfifyè yfvcky low wknvkfczfw yfxvkwkzow1 8# Fwzhy hgyfjkzhjo gobo bklkzhczf jfl Phyzkjo# 9# H phyzky jf lh }knfcgkh jf fwzow Fwzhzvzow, co dhify hjflhczhjo ghbphøh flfgzoyhl h mh}oy jf ghcjkjhzo jkwzkczo hl xvf mvf flfnkjo bfjkhczf fl bfghckwbo jf gocwvlzh popvlhy, pfyo w÷lo gvhcjo jkgdo ghcjkjhzo mvfyf gocwfy}hjoy, co jf hlkhcqh# 7# Gvbplky goc low jfbèw yfxvkwkzow pyf}kwzow fc fwzow Fwzhzvzow#
Ghpâzvlo : Ghcjkjhzow h flfggkocfw vckpfywochlfw HYZÂGVLO 4:#" Fl ghcjkjhzo jfl Phyzkjo h lh Pyfwkjfcgkh jf lh Yfpñilkgh wfyè flfnkjo poy fl bfghckwbo jf Gocwvlzh Popvlhy, whl}o xvf gvbplkjo fl pfyâojo jf kcwgykpgkocfw co wf pyfwfczhyf 70
wkco vc w÷lo hwpkyhczf# Fc fwzf ghwo, fl ghcjkjhzo wfyè pyoglhbhjo poy fl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo# HYZÂGVLO 46#" Phyh lh wflfggk÷c jf ghcjkjhzow h noifychgkocfw { hlghljâhw wf pyogfjfyè jf gocmoybkjhj goc lo jkwpvfwzo fc fl hyzâgvlo hczfykoy phyh lh yfwpfgzk}h gkygvcwgykpgk÷c# HYZÂGVLO 4=#" Gvhcjo wf zyhzhyf jf flfnky ghcjkjhzo phyh Pyfwkjfczf jf lh Yfpñilkgh, noifychjoy o hlghljf { vc cñbfyo co kcmfykoy h lh zfygfyh phyzf jf low kczfnyhczfw jf lh goypoyhgk÷c pñilkgh jfl ck}fl goyyfwpocjkfczf lo wolkgkzhyf wolkgkzhyf,, fl jkyfgzoyko jkyfgzoyko gocwfy}hjoy gocwfy}hjoy yfwpfgzk} yfwpfgzk}o o jfifyè goc}oghy Gocwvlzh Gocwvlzh Popvlhy o Kczfych fczyf low bklkzhczfw phyh jfgkjky wk wf yfwphljh fc hlkhcqh vc ghcjkjhzo kcjfpfcjkfczf, o jf ozyo phyzkjo, o wk wf flknf ghcjkjhzo pyopko#
Ghpâzvlo 6 Gocmoybhgk÷c jf lkwzhw jf ghcjkjhzow h goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw HYZÂGVLO 4> Phyh lh gocmfggk÷c jf lkwzhw h zojhw lhw goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw, wf hplkghyèc pykcgkpkow { pyogfjkbkfczow wkbklhyfw# HYZÂGVLO 44#" 44#" Gvhcjo co pyogfjkfyf lh Gocwvlzh Popvlhy o lh Kczfych phyh lh flhioyhgk÷c jf lkwzhw jf ghcjkjhzow h goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw, fl jkyfgzoyko jfl ck}fl goyyfwpocjkfczf h lh goypoyhgk÷c pñilkgh jf xvf wf zyhzhyf, gocmfggkochyè lh lkwzh jf ghcjkjhzow phyh wfy kcwgykzow hczf lh Oynhckqhgk÷c Flfgzoyhl, oyjfchjh bfjkhczf fl pyogfjkbkfczo xvf fwzhilfgfc low pyfwfczfw Fwzhzvzow o, fc ghwo jf jfwhgvfyjo jfwhgv fyjo jf lh bh{oyâh jf low hwpkyhczfw, poy p oy woyzfo pñilkgo# Low bkfbiyow jf goypoyhgkocfw pñilkghw xvf yfpyfwfczfc hl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy kczfnyhyhc poy jfyfgdo pyopko lhw lkwzhw jf lh yfwpfgzk}h goypoyhgk÷c jf lh xvf dkgkfyfc phyzf, wkc wobfzfywf h Gocwvlzh Popvlhy# HYZÂGVLO 4;#" Lhw lkwzhw wf kcwgykikyèc wkfbpyf goc fl wkwzfbh jf }ozo pyfmfyfczf# HYZÂGVLO HYZÂGVLO ;0#" Lh lkwz lkwzh h jf gh ghcj cjkj kjhz hzow ow phyh phyh Wfch Wfchjo jo jf lh Yf Yfpñ pñil ilkg kgh h wf kczfnyhyè hwâ1 ghjh jfphyzhbfczo zfcjyè jfyfgdo h powzvlhy zhczow ghcjkjhzow hl Wfchjo gobo lh bkzhj jfl cñbfyo jf gvyvlfw phyh lh Gèbhyh jfl yfwpfg yfwpfgzk} zk}o o jfphyzh jfphyzhbfc bfczo# zo# Wk jkgdo jkgdo cñbfyo cñbfyo goczv} goczv}kfw kfwf f jfgkb jfgkbhlf hlfw, w, wf 78
hpyotkbhyè hl fczfyo bh{oy# Fc ckcnñc ghwo low jfphyzhbfczow zfcjyèc bfcow gvpow xvf fl jf low wfchjoyfw hgzvhlfw# Wk fl cñbfyo jf hwpkyhczfw mvfwf wvpfykoy h jkgdo gvpo, wf pyogfjfyè h lh Gocwvlzh Popvlhy o Kczfych, wfnñc fl ghwo# Lh kcwgykpgk÷c jf hwpkyhczfw hl Wfchjo wf yfhlkqhyè jvyhczf xvkcgf $86+ jâhw, jfczyo jf low wkfzf $>+ bfwfw hczfykoyfw h lh mfgdh jf lhw flfggkocfw jfl Gocnyfwo# Lh goc}oghzoykh h kcwgykpgk÷c jf hwpkyhczfw wf dhyè poy vc bfjko jf hbplkh gkygvlhgk÷c# Fc ckcnñc ghwo low hwpkyhczfw pojyèc kcwgykikywf poy bèw jf vch fczkjhj zfyykzoykhl# Lh Gocwvlzh Gocwvlzh Popvlhy o lh Kczfych wf gflfiyhyè poy gkygvcwgykpgk÷c gkygvcwgykpgk÷c jfphyzhbfczhl, o jkwzykzhl, phyh fl ghwo jf Ionozè# Fc low low jfph jfphyz yzhb hbfc fczo zoww { jkwz jkwzyk ykzo zoww jocj jocjf f co pyog pyogfj fjkf kfyf yf lh go gocw cwvl vlzh zh { fl cñbfyo jf hwpkyhczfw mvfyf kcmfykoy hl jf pvfwzow poy pyo}ffy, low jkyfgzoykow gocwfy}hjoyfw jfphyzhbfczhlfw { fl jkwzykzhl jf Ionozè, fc hgvfyjo goc low hwpkyhc hwpkyhczfw zfw kcwgyk kcwgykzow zow,, pojyèc pojyèc powzvl powzvlhy hy bèw ghcjkj ghcjkjhzo hzoww hczf hczf fl Jkyfgz Jkyfgzoyk oyko o Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy dhwzh llfchy low gvpow jkwpockilfw# Wk hñc xvfjhyfc gvpow, pojyèc wfy llfchjow poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl# Goyyfwpocjf hl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy jhy h lh lkwzh jf hwpkyhczfw h Wfchjo jf lh Yfpñilkgh fl oyjfc jfmkckzk}o phyh wv kcwgykpgk÷c hczf lh Oynhckqhgk÷c Flfgzoyhl, pyf}ko gocwfcwo goc low kczfnyhczfw jf lh bkwbh# Wk co dvikfwf gocwfcwo h zyfw $7+ jâhw jf lh mfgdh xvf mkaf lh hvzoykjhj flfgzoyhl phyh fl gkfyyf jf kcwgykpgkocfw jf lkwzhw, wf dhyè woyzfo#
HYZKGVLO ;0H# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl moybhyè lh lkwzh jf ghcjkjhzow hl Phylhbfczo Hcjkco, jf flfggk÷c popvlhy jkyfgzh, phyh wv kcwgykpgk÷c hczf lh Oynhckqhgk÷c flfgzoyhl# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl fwzhilfgfyè phyh ghjh flfggk÷c wk lh lkwzh wfyè gfyyhjh o poy }ozo pyfmfyfczf#
Ghpâzvlo = Hvzoykqhgk÷c jf hlkhcqhw HYZÂGVLO ;8#" Poy bozk}ow jf goc}fckfcgkh flfgzoyhl wvmkgkfczfbfczf mvcjhbfczhjow, fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl pojyè hvzoykqhy xvf fc vch avykwjkggk÷c avykwjkggk÷c jfzfybkchjh, low ghcjkjhzow ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo wf kcwgykihc poy bo}kbkfczow yfnkochlfw o gâ}kgow, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo wf 79
gobpyobfzhc h xvf fl bo}kbkfczo fc gvfwzk÷c hpo{f lh lkwzh o low ghcjkjhzow jfl Phyzkjo h ozyh goypoyhgk÷c o h ozyo ghyno, { h xvf fc ghwo jf yfwvlzhy flfnkjow hgzvhyèc jfczyo jf lh ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc lh yfwpfgzk}h goypoyhgk÷c# Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl pojyè hvzoykqhy xvf ghcjkjhzow kcwgykzow fc wvw lkwzhw yfgkihc hpo{o jf ghcjkjhzow kcwgykzow fc ozyhw lkwzhw gvhcjo1 8# Fl ghcjkjhzo xvf hpo{f hl jfl Phyzkjo moybf phyzf jf lkwzhw jf bo}kbkfczow yfnkochlfw o gâ}kgow { co jf phyzkjow o bo}kbkfczow polâzkgow# Fc fwzf ghwo fl ghcjkjhzo xvf hpo{f jfifyè mknvyhy fc lkwzhw fc gkygvcwgykpgk÷c jkwzkczh h lh xvf wfh oykvcjo o poy lh xvf gobpkzh fl ghcjkjhzo hpo{hjo# 9# Fl ghcjkjhzo xvf hpo{f dh{h wkjo hvzoykqhjo poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl phyh moybhy phyzf jf lkwzhw o bo}kbkfczo yfnkochlfw poy yhqocfw jf goc}fckfcgkh flfgzoyhl# HYZÂGVLO ;9#" Vch pfywoch bklkzhczf jfl Phyzkjo pvfjf wfy ghcjkjhzo jf vch hlkhcqh, wk lh hvzoykjhj gobpfzfczf jfl Phyzkjo lo hvzoykqh# HYZÂGVLO ;7#" Lhw hlkhcqhw goc ozyow phyzkjow o bo}kbkfczow polâzkgow goc pfyw pfywoc ocfy fyâh âh avyâ avyâjk jkgh gh wf hvzo hvzoyk ykqh qhyèc yèc bfjkhcz bfjkhczf f lh Go Gocw cwvl vlzh zh Kczf Kczfyc ych h o, fc wviwkj wviwkjko, ko, bf bfjkh jkhczf czf goc}og goc}oghzo hzoykh ykh xvf fl jkyfgz jkyfgzoyk oyko o yfwpfg yfwpfgzk} zk}o o dkgkfy dkgkfyf f jfl Gocnyfwo Chgkochl o zfyykzoykhl phyh hvzoykqhylhw o cfnhylhw# Fwzh jfgkwk÷c yfxvfykyè bh{oyâh jf lhw jow zfygfyhw phyzfw jf wvw bkfbiyow#
ZÂZVLO ] YËNKBFC FGOC×BKGO HYZÂGVLO ;:#" Fl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy, goc pfywocfyâh avyâjkgh pyopkh { phzykbocko hvz÷cobo, wf gocwzkzv{f phyh fl wowzfckbkfczo { mkchcgkhbkfczo jfl Phyzkjo, wvw ghbphøhw { wvw f}fczow# Fl Mocjo Mocjo Chgko Chgkoch chll Fgoc Fgoc÷b ÷bkg kgoo zfcj zfcjyè yè vch vch Avcz Avczhh kczf kczfny nyhj hjhh poy gkcg gkcgoo $6+ $6+ bkfb bkfbiy iyow ow,, jfwknchjow gobo fwzhilfgfc low Fwzhzvzow# Fl Mocjo Chgkochl Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo Fgoc÷bkgo zhbikëc hwfwoyh hwfwoyh hl Jkyfgzoyko Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy Gocwfy}hjoy fc lh oizfcgk÷c jf yfgvywow, fc pyogvyh jf oizfcfy low bh{oyfw yëjkzow phyh fl jfwhyyollo jf lhw hgzk}kjhjfw jfl Phyzkjo# Goc lh hpyoihgk÷c jf lh Avczh jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo, pyf}ko gocgfpzo mh}oyhilf jfl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy, pojyèc wfy oynhckqhjow mocjow jfwgfczyhlkqhjow jfl Phyzkjo goc pfywocfyâh avyâjkgh pyopkh, pfyo wkfbpyf ihao lh wvpfy}kwk÷c jf lh Nfyfcgkh Hjbkckwzyhzk}h jfl Phyzkjo# Fwzow mocjow w÷lo pojyèc hjbkckwzyhy ikfcfw vikghjow fc lh yfwpfgzk}h vckjhj zfyykzoykhl { yfgkiky goczykivgkocfw fgoc÷bkghw jf bklkzhczfw jfl Phyzkjo fc lh yfwpfgzk}h gkygvcwgykpgk÷c flfgzoyhl zfyykzoykhl# Fc ckcnñc ghwo fwzow mocjow pvfjfc kczfymfyky goc lhw mvcgkocfw jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo# 77
Low ikfcfw kcbvfilfw xvf fc zojo zkfbpo { lvnhy dh{hc wkjo hjxvkykjow h gvhlxvkfy zâzvlo poy pfywochw chzvyhlfw o avyâjkghw goc jfwzkco hl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco, jfifyèc wfy yfk}kcjkghjow h mh}oy jfl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo, fczkjhj xvf pojyè gfjfylow fc gobojhzo o hyyfcjhylow h lhw oynhckqhgkocfw yfnkochlfw o loghlfw# HYZÂGVLO ;6#" Low jkyfgzoykow zfyykzoykhlfw jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco pyogvyhyèc xvf fc ghjh bvckgkpko ftkwzh poy lo bfcow vch wfjf phyzkjhykh h lh gvhl wf jhyè vc cobiyf { vc vwo xvf wfyèc jf pyopkfjhj ftglvwk}h jfl Phyzkjo# Fwzhw wfjfw wfyèc jkwføhjhw ihao vch bkwbh vckjhj jf kbhnfc goypoyhzk}h kczfnyhl xvf jfmkckyè fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hjoy { jkwpocjyè jf vch nhbh jf wfy}kgkow xvf wf pyfwzhyèc h zyh}ëw jf lhw bkwbhw# HYZÂGVLO ;=#" Low bkfbiyow jfl Phyzkjo Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy Golobikhco Golobikhco jfifyèc hpoyzhy hl mvcgko mvcgkochb chbkfc kfczo zo jf lh golfgz golfgzk}k k}kjhj jhj bfjkhc bfjkhczf zf jochgko jochgkocfw cfw,, lh hjxvkw hjxvkwkgk kgk÷c ÷c jf lh gëjvlh gëjvlh phyzkjhykh, flfbfczow jf bfyghjozfgckh { jfjvggkocfw { jfwgvfczow zykivzhykow hvzoykqhjow poy lh lf{# HYZÂGVLO ;>#" Yfgkikjh lh yfpowkgk÷c jf nhwzow flfgzoyhlfw oyjfchjh poy lh lf{, fl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo yfpocjyè h low ghcjkjhzow fl 46& jf low nhwzow jf wvw ghbphøhw, wkfbpyf { gvhcjo low dh{h hgyfjkzhjo jfikjhbfczf, jf hgvfyjo goc lh lf{# Fl 46& wf ghlgvlhyè lvfno jf jfwgoczhy gowzow gobo hvjkzoyâh, kbpvfwzow, zyhcwmfyfcgkhw { jfbèw nhwzow jf zyèbkzf hczf fl Fwzhjo# Lh zfygfyh phyzf jfl yfbhcfczf, fw jfgky fl 6& jf lh yfpowkgk÷c zozhl, wfyè nkyhjo poy fl Mocjo Chgkochl Fgoc÷bkgo h mh}oy jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw { jkwzykzhlfw xvf goyyfwpocjh, wfnñc low }ozow oizfckjow poy ghjh ghcjkjhzo fc lh gkygvcwgykpgk÷c flfgzoyhl#
ZÂZVLO ]K JF LH YFMOYBH JF LOW FWZHZVZOW HYZÂGVLO ;4#" Low Fwzhzvzow jfl Phyzkjo Gocwfy}hjoy pojyèc wfy yfmoybhjow zozhl o phygkhlbfczf, goc fl gvbplkbkfczo jf lhw wknvkfczfw moybhlkjhjfw1 8# Lh yfmoybh yfmoybh wfyè pyopvfwzh pyopvfwzh poy fl Jkyfgzoyko Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl Gocwfy}hj Gocwfy}hjoy, oy, o jf xvkfc dhnh wvw }fgfw, o poy lh Ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo# 9# Goyyfw Goyyfwpoc pocjf jf wv hpyoihgk hpyoihgk÷c ÷c h lh wfwk÷c wfwk÷c gocavc gocavczh zh jf lh Gocmfy Gocmfyfcg fcgkh kh jf Jkyfgzoykow Yfnkochlfw, Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl { lh ihcghjh jfl Phyzkjo fc fl Gocnyfwo# 7# Wf jfihzkyè fc jow $9+ wfwkocfw pyfwfcgkhlfw, gflfiyhjhw fc jâhw jkwzkczow, goc vch jkmfyfcgkh jf poy lo bfcow gkcgo $6+ jâhw dèiklfw fczyf vch { ozyh# 7:
:# Jfikjhbfcz Jfikjhbfczf f hpyoihjh lh yfmoybh, yfmoybh, jfifyè wfy kcwgykzh kcwgykzh hczf fl Gocwfao Chgkochl Flfgzoyhl, pvilkghjh { fc}khjh h ghjh vco jf low jkyfgzoykow jfphyzhbfczhlfw { jkwzykzhlfw, hwâ gobo h ghjh vco jf low gocnyfwkwzhw jfl Phyzkjo, phyh fmfgzow jf wv gocogkbkfczo { jk}vlnhgk÷c‒# HYZÂGVLO ;;#" Fl Jkyfgzoyko Chgkochl xvfjh mhgvlzhjo phyh fjkzhy { pyobvlnhy fwzow Fwzhzvzow, pyf}kh lh yf}kwk÷c jf fwzklo, gocgoyjhcgkh { cvbfyhgk÷c xvf gocwkjfyf cfgfwhykh { lh hpyoihgk÷c lfnhl poy phyzf jfl Gocwfao Chgkochl Flfgzoyhl# Fc lhw goyyfggkocfw jf fwzklo co pojyè bojkmkghywf lh fwfcgkh jfl hyzkgvlhjo hpyoihjo# Lh gobkwk÷c jf yfmoybh jf low Fwzhzvzow { vc hionhjo fc jfyfgdo pñilkgo, hwfwoyhyèc lo pfyzkcfczf# HYZÂGVLO 800#" Lh pyfwfczf yfmoybh yknf h phyzky jf lh mfgdh jf wv hpyoihgk÷c poy fl Gocwfa Gocwfaoo Chgkoc Chgkochl hl Flfgzo Flfgzoyhl yhl { jfyonh jfyonh fc lo pfyzkc pfyzkcfcz fczff lhw jkwpow jkwpowkgk kgkocfw ocfw xvf lf wfhc wfhc goczyhykhw#
76
