HISTORY OF PLANNING PLANNING
Maria Lourdes T. Munárriz, PhD, EnP P!S"hoo# o$ r%an and Re&iona# P#annin& Ins'i'u'e o$ En(iron)en'a# P#anners
Trends in Hu)an Se''#e)en's Prior 'o 'he *+ 'h "en'ur, )os' "i'ies o$ (arious "i(i#iza'ions did no' e-"eed /,/// inha%i'an's. 0i'h s)a## 1o1u#a'ions and no )e"hani"a# )eans o$ 'rans1or'a'ion, )os' "i'ies o$ 'he 1as', e(en 'he #ar&er ones, did no' e-"eed 2 3)s and "ou#d %e "rossed on $oo' in no' )ore 'han 2/ )inu'es. Thus, 'hese 'o4ns 4ere %ui#' on hu)an s"a#e.
Trends in Hu)an Se''#e)en's For a%ou' */,/// ears, Man #i(ed in (i##a&es, and $or )ore 'han ,/// ears in s)a## ur%an se''#e)en's 4hose size and s#o4 &ro4'h 1er)i''ed 'he "rea'ion o$ "on'inuous and
"o)1a"' se''#e)en's, and endo4ed 'hese 4i'h (a#ues 4hi"h re)ain i)1or'an'. In a#)os' a## 'hese se''#e)en's, 'he e#e)en's o$ hu)an se''#e)en's 5 na'ure, )an, she#'er, so"ie' and ne'4or3 4ere in "o)1#e'e %a#an"e.
Trends in Hu)an Se''#e)en's Ho4e(er, a' 'he s'ar' o$ 'he *+ 'h "en'ur un'i# 'he *6 'h "en'ur, and es1e"ia## in 'he 2/ 'h "en'ur, 'he 1i"'ure "o)1#e'e# "han&ed 7 'he e#e)en's o$ hu)an se''#e)en's ha(e de(e#o1ed indi(idua## and in 'urn, 'he %a#an"e a)on& 'he) 4as #os'. Man de(e#o1ed de)o&ra1hi"a##, "u#'ura## and in'e##e"'ua##.
So"ie' &re4 and %e"a)e )ore "o)1#e-.
Trends in Hu)an Se''#e)en's Indus'ria# Re(o#u'ion %rou&h' #ar&e )asses o$ 1eo1#e 'o #i(e 4i'hin "i'ies. More and )ore 1eo1#e #i(e in )e'ro1o#i'an areas, %u' e(en 'he )os' e"ono)i"a## su""ess$u# o$ 'hese re&ions )ani$es' shar1# une(en de(e#o1)en'. For ins'an"e, &en'ri$ied nei&h%ourhoods ad8a"en' 'o #o4in"o)e areas dis1#a 'he e)%#e)s o$ a$$#uen"e, and su%ur%an en"#a(es o$ 1ri(i#e&e, in"reasin&# se' o$$ % 4a##s and &a'es, shar1en 'he dis'in"'ions %e'4een 'he ha(es and ha(e!no's.
Trends in Hu)an Se''#e)en's A' 'he end o$ 'he 2/ 'h "en'ur, ur%an areas are (as'# di$$eren' $ro) 'he )e'ro1o#ises o$ a hundred ears ear#ier. The o#d "en'ra# "i'ies "on'ain a shrin3in& 1ro1or'ion o$ re&iona# 4ea#'h and 1o1u#a'ion. A#'hou&h so)e "i'ies are 'he "o))and "en'er o$ 'he &#o%a# e"ono) or nes's o$ 'e"hno#o&i"a# inno(a'ion, o'hers ha(e #os' e"ono)i" $un"'ion e(en 4hi#e 'he s'i## en"o)1ass #ar&e 1o1u#a'ions. En(iron)en'a# 1o##u'ion, 'ra$$i" "on&es'ion, ra"ia# and e'hni" dis"ri)ina'ion, and $inan"ia# "rises a$$#i"' )an ur%an "ores.
r%an Se''#e)en' Pa''ern o$ Man
Villages Town City Metropolis Megalopolis Urban Region
E(o#u'ion o$ P#annin&
1st stage – master plan or blueprint era
2nd stage – systems view of planning
3rd stage – participative-conflict in planning
E(o#u'ion o$ P#annin&
"on'inued
s' 9 * s'a&e 5 )as'er 1#an or %#ue1rin' era
Main concern: Set out the desired future, in terms of land-use patterns on the ground maps!"
#ld planners, e$g$, %eddes or &bercrombie" Set up after ''(( ) &fter the 1*+ own and .ountry /lanning &ct of %reat 0ritain$
E(o#u'ion o$ P#annin&
"on'inued
2nd s'a&e 5 ss'e)s (ie4 o$ 1#annin&
nder the 1* /lanning &ct – embodied new structure plans" Managing and controlling a particular system ) the urban and regional system"
.oncentrated on the ob4ectives of the plan and on alternative ways of reaching them writing rather than detailed maps!$
E(o#u'ion o$ P#annin&
"on'inued
: rd s'a&e 5 1ar'i"i1a'i(e!"on$#i"' in 1#annin&
5mphasis on tracing the possible conse6uences of alternative policies" 5valuating alternatives against ob4ectives and then choosing a course of action"
Monitoring process is continually repeated$
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 Pre!His1ani" Fi#i1ino Se''#e)en's 5
"o))uni'ies "a##ed %aran&as se''#ed % se1ara'e 3inshi1 &rou1s 4i'hin 'heir res1e"'i(e de$ined 'erri'ories.
9 Mani#a 4as a#read a ho)o&enous 1o1u#a'ion
o$ :,/// inha%i'an's %e$ore S1ain "a)e. I' 4as an i)1or'an' Mus#i) ou'1os' he#d % Ra8ah So#i)an.
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 S1anish ;o#onia# Period 5 &ridiron arran&e)en'
7 <1#aza "o)1#e-=. The "hur"h and 'o4n ha## 4ere 'he do)inan' s'ru"'ures. S'ree's 4ere #aid 'o 1ro(ide a "on'inuous rou'e $or re#i&ious 1ro"essions.
9 The "o)1a"' (i##a&es 1ro(ided a $ra)e4or3 $or
ra1id ;hris'ian indo"'rina'ion and so"ie'a# or&aniza'ion. >For' San'ia&o?
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 To4ards 'he end o$ 'he *6 'h "en'ur, road
%ui#din& 1ro&ra)s 4ere in'rodu"ed % 'he S1anish &o(ern)en' 7 'he Mani#a!Da&u1an rai#4a.
9 Si)i#ar se''#e)en's 4ere %ui#' % 'he S1aniards
'hrou&hou' 'he "oun'r 7 For' De# Pi#ar in @a)%oan&a, Da(ao, I#o"os, isaas, e'".
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 A)eri"an Era 5 sa4 'he ur&en' need $or
&uidin& 'he ur%an &ro4'h and 1hsi"a# de(e#o1)en' o$ 'he "oun'r 7 "on"en'ra'ed in 1#annin& o$ "i'ies 4here &ro4'h 4as ine(i'a%#e. E-a)1#esB de(e#o1)en' o$ 4a'er$ron'C #o"a'ion o$ 1ar3s and 1ar34as as a )eans o$ re"rea'ion 'o e(er uar'er o$ 'he "i'.
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines
9 S'ree' ss'e) se"urin& dire"' and eas
"o))uni"a'ion $ro) one dis'ri"' 'o ano'herC
9 Lo"a'ion o$ %ui#din& si'e $or (arious a"'i(i'iesC 9 De(e#o1)en' o$ 4a'er4as $or 'rans1or'a'ionC
and
9 Su))er resor's.
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 Se''#e)en's Durin& 'he Ne4 Re1u%#i" 5
1ro%#e) o$ housin&, hea#'h and sani'a'ion
'he
%e"a)e 'he )a8or "on"erns. The Peo1#es Ho)esi'e and Housin& ;or1ora'ion >PHH;?, no4 'he Na'iona# Housin& Au'hori' >NHA? 1ur"hased *,2 has. in .;. >in"#udin& P area? $or Ph12./ )i##ion 7 $or 'he di$$eren' housin& 1ro8e"'s.
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 Se''#e)en's Durin& 00II 5 a%ou' o$
Grea'er Mani#a Area 4as de(as'a'ed. Mani#a 4as a <&ian' s#u)=.
9 Pres. Ro-as ins'ru"'ed 'he Na'iona# Housin&
;o))ission in *6J 'o %ui#d houses $or 'he S!Phi#i11ine 0ar Da)a&e ;o))ission.
9 The Na'iona# r%an P#annin& ;o))ission 4as
"rea'ed 'o 1re1are &enera# 1#ans, zonin& ordinan"es and su%di(ision re&u#a'ions.
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines 9 Pos' 0ar Se''#e)en's 5 Pres. uirino
"rea'ed
'he Na'iona# P#annin& ;o))ission >NP;? 7 $or )ore in'e&ra'ed 1#annin& in 'he ur%an and re&iona# areas.
His'or o$ P#annin& in 'he Phi#i11ines
NP; has 1re1ared a )as'er 1#an $or Mani#a % *6 4i'h 'he $o##o4in& o%8e"'i(esB Ma3e Mani#a a "on(enien' and idea# 1#a"e $or se''#e)en', 4or3, 1#a 1. and o4nC
2.
Re)ed 'he "ri'i"a# 'ra$$i" "on&es'ionC
3.
Pre(en' o(er"ro4din& o$ 1o1u#a'ionC
4.
se #and o1'i)a##C
5.
Dis'ri%u'e s"hoo#s and 1#a&roundsC J. Pro'e"' and 1ro)o'e
hea#'h 1ro1er' (a#uesC . 'i#ize e-is'in& i)1ro(e)en's.
END
