NC ZXOFNVO ^XBNK]N NK CI CNU MNC ZXOFNVO FOK]NKFEOVO IMGEKEV]XI]EQO
Co~xmnv Gixbo} Oqenmo X~ep 9 Zxnvnk}ifeök+
^ki mn civ gév egzox}ik}nv gomeaefifeoknv ek}xom~femiv zox nc Mnfxn}o Cnbevci}eqo K° 9:128 nk ci Cnu mnc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo ,Cnu K° 82><=%# nv ci v~v}e}~feök mn ci xngeveök x ngeveök ic Fömebo Zxofnvic Feqec# zixi y~n civ egz~bkifeoknv egz~bkifeoknv fok}xi civ if}~ifeoknv if}~ifeoknv fok}ngzcimiv nk cov ekfevov 8# 6 u = mn v~ ix}çf~co =# zixi nc igzixo mn civ zxn}nkveoknv foxxnvzokmenk}nv fokvebkimiv nk cov ekfevov 6 u = mn v~ ix}çf~co ># }xikve}nk zox nc zxofnvo v~gixçvego xnb~cimo zox nc ekmefimo fömebo# zox nc iloxi nv}ihcnfemo u mnkogekimo –Zxofnvo ^xbnk}n‗+ Ci egzox}ikfei vn n|zcefi# imngév# zoxy~n nv}n zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# ivç fok koghxn zxozeo# nv ci zxegnxi qnp y~n nv fokvemnximi nk ci lev}oxei zxofnvic znx~iki# i~ky~n nv h~nko mnfex y~n cov zxofnvov ~xbnk}nv ekfc~unk }igheåk i o}xov u y~n ui n|ev}nk nk k~nv}xi cnbevcifeök# fogo nv nc fivo mn cov zxofnvov fokv}e}~feokicnv+ Nv zox nanf} nanf}oo mnc mnc Mnfxn} Mnfxn}oo Cnbevc Cnbevci} i}eq eqoo K° 9:2:# 9:2:# u mn civ civ ik}nxe ik}nxeoxn oxnvv go gomea meaef efife ifeokn oknvv ek}xom~femiv nk ci Cnu K° 82><=# nc 85 mn ibov}o mn 8::5# gnmeik}n nc Mnfxn}o V~zxngo K° :96'8:: :96'8::<'@ <'@^V# ^V# vn izxohö izxohö ]n|}o ]n|}o Ðkefo Ðkefo Oxmnkimo Oxmnkimo mn ci y~n xnb~c xnb~cii nc Zxofnvo Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo+ Ek}xom~ffeök+
Ci }noxçi bnknxic mnc zxofnvo fciveaefi cov zxofnvov nk a~kfeök mnc bximo mn fnx}npi mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo ekqofimo zixi v~ ekefeo# nk zxofnvov mn fobkefeök# fobkefeök# mn n`nf~feök u mn fi~}nci+ Zixi nc mnvixxocco mn nv}n }xihi`o nv egzox}ik}n fe}ix i Zxeoxe Zovimi 6 y~enk# imge}enkmo mefli fciv fcivea eaef efif ifeö eökk y~n y~n zomn zomngo govv cc ccig igix ix fcév fcévef efi# i# vnùi vnùici ci00 –,‡% –,‡% nc mnxn mnxnfl flo o zxof zxofnv nvic ic fok} fok}ng ngzo zoxé xékn kno o li vemo vemo fokv fokvfe fenk nk}n }n mn y~n y~n n|ev n|ev}n }nk k icb~ icb~ki kivv ve}~ ve}~if ifeo eokn knvv y~n y~n ko vn nkf~nk}xik zxo}nbemiv zox cov }xnv }ezov mn ]~}nci @~vxevmeffeokic ik}nv mnvfxe}ov4 u y~n bnknxik vnxeov xenvbov zixi ci qebnkfei mn g~fliv ve}~ifeoknv `~xçmefiv# icb~kiv mn ncciv fokvemnx fokvemnximiv imiv fogo a~kmignk}ic a~kmignk}icnv nv ,q bx+ mnxnflov mnxnflov fokv}e}~feo fokv}e}~feokicn kicnv%4 v%4 ik}n ncco ncco vn li fognkpimo li lihcix mn }~}nci meanxnkfeimi + Ivç vn lihci mn }~}nci zxnqnk}eqi ,fok v~ nvznfeic }~}nci eklehe}oxei% zixi lifnx xnanxnkfei i ci zxo}nffeök `~xevmeffeokic mn civ ve} ve}~i ~ife feok oknv nv `~xç `~xçme mefi fivv ik}n ik}n ve}~ ve}~if ifeo eokn knvv mn ignk ignkip ipi# i# mn gikn giknxi xi y~n y~n nc zxof zxofnv nvo o `~xevmeffeokic if}ði ik}nv mn y~n vn zxom~pfi ~ki cnveök# fok nc zxozöve}o# zxnfevignk}n# mn nqe}ix ci zxom~ffeök mnc ecçfe}o# v~ xnzn}efeök o fok}ek~ifeök4 o mn }~}nci mn ~xbnkfei zixi lifnx xnanxnkfei i iy~nccov fivov nk cov y~n ci mnfeveök `~xevmeffeokic mnaeke}eqi 9
Ivev}nk}n mn Qofic# nk ci Fox}n V~znxeox mn @~v}efei mn F~pfo+ Z~hcefimo nk Nc Znx~iko nk v~ nmefeök mnc 8< mn `~keo mn 8::<+ hocn}çk mn koxgiv cnbicnv+ z+ 62>:8:+ 6 Zxeoxe Zovimi# Beoqikke A+ –Ci ]~}nci Fi~}ncix v~ fokaeb~xifeök fogo mnxnflo zxofnvic ‗+ Ixi Nme}oxnv+ Nmef+ 8::1+ z+ 6>+ 8
9
}enkn y~n vnx mef}imi mn giknxi ekgnmei}i# mn co fok}xixeo vn zxom~fexçi ~ki cnveök ihvoc~}ignk}n exxnzixihcn# mefli ve}~ifeök mn ~xbnkfei ko nv zxoqofimi zox ci m~xifeök mnc zxofnvo ,co y~n mev}ekb~n mn ci }~}nci fi~}ncix%# fi~}ncix%# veko zox civ zxozeiv fexf~kv}ikfeiv fexf~kv}ikfeiv nk civ y~n vn zxom~fn ci cnveök o ignkipi nk nc éghe}o mn ci xnicemim4 ivç gevgo vn lihci mn }~}nci ik}efezimi zixi lifnx xnanxnkfei i }omov iy~nccov fivov nk y~n cov nanf}ov mn ci mnfeveök `~xevmeffeokic vn imncik}ik ic gognk}o mn ci n|znmefeök mn ci vnk}nkfei+‗ Nc Zxofnvo ~xbnk}n+
K~nv}xi kofeök vohxn co y~n nv ~k zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# kov ccnqi i mnfex y~n# zix}enkmo mn ~k bximo v~go mn egzox}ikfei o fnx}npi = mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo zixi v~ ekefeo# vn fokaeb~xi nc zxofnvo zox nc cnbevcimox zixi# vek vifxeaefix nc mnxnflo ic mnhemo zxofnvo ,mnankvi# fok}ximeffeök u heci}nxicemim%# oh}nknx ~ki zxok}i mnfeveök `~mefeic >+ Nk ci mof}xe mof}xeki ki znx~i znx~iki# ki# fok xncif xncifeök eök ic zxofnv zxofnvoo ~xbnk ~xbnk}n# }n# nkfok} nkfok}xig xigov ov civ civ veb~en veb~enk}n k}nvv kofeoknv0 Gix}nc Flikb 1mefn0 –nc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n fokv}e}~un ~ki fi}nboxçi igzcei fixif}nxepimi zox ci knfnvemi knfnvemim m mn zxozoxfe zxozoxfeokix okix xnvz~nv xnvz~nv}iv }iv `~xevmef `~xevmeffeok feokicn icnvv zxok}iv zxok}iv u n|znme} n|znme}iv iv i mn}nxgekimiv ve}~ifeoknv f~ui ve}~ifeök ko imge}n mngoxiv0 Civ mecebnkfeiv fi~}ncixnv vok vöco ~ki nvznfen mn civ gevgiv# znxo }ighenk vn ek}nbxi fok o}xiv0 civ gnmemiv i~}ovi}evaif}eqiv# civ vnk}nkfeiv ik}efezi}oxeiv# nc lihniv foxz~v n}f+‗
Gokxou Zicifeov Zicifeov 2 n|zxnvi0 n|zxnvi0 – Ci }~}nc }~}nci i mn ~xbnk ~xbnkfei fei }enk }enknn zox zox aekic aekicem emim im kn~}x kn~}xice icepix pix o ncegekix ci ax~v}xifeök y~n z~nmn zxom~fex nc zncebxo nk ci mngoxi m~xik}n ci vnf~nci mn ~k zxofnvo+ I nv}n nanf}o# ci xnanxemi ]~}nci vn z~nmn fciveaefix nk0 ]~}nci mn ~xbnkfei fi~}ncix u h% ]~}nci mn ~xbnkfei vi}evaif}eqi ‗
Fok ci }~}nci ~xbnk}n vn z~nmn oh}nknx mov }ezov mn mnfeveoknv0 e % civ zxoqevoxeiv# venkmo knfnvixeo nk nv}n }ezo mn zxofnvov o}xo zxofnvo zxekfezic# mnk}xo mn nv}n bx~zo }nkngov i civ gnmemiv fi~}ncixnv+ ee% civ mnaeke}eqiv# mnaeke}eqiv# y~n vok civ i~}ökogiv vn ibo}ik nk ve gevgiv u ko knfnve}ik mn o}xo zxofnvo# fogo nv nc fivo mn civ gnmemiv i~}ovi}evaif}eqiv+ Nk}okfnv# }nkenkmo zxnvnk}n y~n ci mnkogekifeök mn zxofnvo ~xbnk}n fogzxnkmn o}xov qixeov zxofnvov# fokvemnxigov ko izxozeimi ci mnkogekifeök y~n vn cn li mimo i nv}n zxo zxofn fnvo vo foka fokaeb eb~x ~xim imoo zox zox nc cnbe cnbevc vcim imox ox nk ci go gome meae aefi fife feök ök mn ci Cnu Cnu mnc mnc Zxof Zxofnv nvoo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo# z~nv ve henk nv}n aoxgi zix}n mnc ~keqnxvo mn cov zxofnvov =
Zeåkvnvn nk cov mnxnflov fokv}e}~feokicnv fogo n`ngzco# o nk nc mnxnflo mnc le`o i vnx xnfokofemo ,Cnu K° 8<=>2%+ > Zeåkvnvn nk nc mnxnflo icegnk}ixeo mnc le`o gi}xegokeic o n|}xigi}xegokeic xnfokofemo+ 1
Gix}nc Flikb# Xocikmo I+ –]~}nci fi~}ncix u gnmemiv i~}ovi}evaif}eqiv nk nc zxofnvo feqec‗ Nme}+ Zicnv}xi Nme}oxnv+ Cegi# 8::6# z+ <8+ 2 Gokxou Zicifeov @~ik @ovå# –Ci }~}nci zxofnvic mn cov mnxnflov‗# Nme}+ Zicnv}xi# Cegi'8::=# z+1=
8
~xbnk}nv# ko vn cege}i ðkefignk}n i nv}n zxofnvo# zoxy~n f~ikmo lihcigov mn ci fi}nboxçi mn zxof zxofnv nvoo ~xbn ~xbnk} k}n# n# vn fogz fogzxn xnkm kmnn ic zxof zxofnm nmeg egen enk} k}oo fi~} fi~}nc ncix ix## i civ civ gnme gnmemi mivv i~}ovi}evaif}eqiv# i cov zxofnvov fokv}e}~feokicnv n}f# nk}okfnv# mnkogekix i nv}n zxofnvo# fogo zxofnvo ~xbnk}n nv fogo mnkogekix# zox n`ngzco# ic zxofnvo mn fokofegenk}o fogo ~ko ci}o# o ic zxofnvo mn mnvico`o fogo ~ko xézemo+ Nk k~nv}xi ozekeök l~heåvngov zxnanxemo y~n ic zxofnvo vn cn mnkogekn vegzcngnk}n v~gixeo u mn`ix y~n v~v fixif}nxçv}efiv co mnaekik fogo co nv nk ci mof}xeki u fogo ~xbnk}n# nv mnfex# ~k zxofnvo ko nv ~xbnk}n zox v~ mnkogekifeök# mnkogekifeök# veko zox co y~n xnicgnk}n nv nk a~kfeök mn v~ mevnùo u y~n nk ci zxi|ev xnvzokmi i ci ~xbnkfei o }xége}n xézemo+ Vicqikmo nv}i ohvnxqifeök ohvnxqifeök kogekic kov xnanxexngov xnanxexngov nk imncik}n ic zxofnvo nv}ihcnfemo nv}ihcnfemo zox ci gomeaefi}oxei y~n kov of~zi# fogo nc mnkogekimo –zxofnvo ~xbnk}n‗# fokfenk}nv fokfenk}nv y~n nv ~ko mn ~xbnkfei vi}evaif}eqi+ Nv}n zxofnvo vn fixif}nxepi# nk zxekfezeo# zox v~ fncnxemim# y~n ohcebi i xnm~fex ci fobkefeök vek zov}nxbix ci heci}nxicemim fok ci aekicemim mn hxekmix ~ki }~}nci naefip u xézemi i }xiqåv mn ~ki vnk}nkfei# nk a~kfeök# xnzn}egov# mn ci fnx}npi o egzox}ikfei mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo zixi v~ ngzcno+ Nc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# civ gnmemiv fi~}ncixnv u civ }ngzoxicnv vohxn nc aokmo+
If}~icgnk}n# nk nc nvfnkixeo mnc zxofnmegenk}o fi~}ncix xnb~cimo zox k~nv}xo Fömebo Zxofnvic Feqec# vn fok}ngzcik civ gnmemiv }ngzoxicnv vohxn nc aokmo < y~n zomxçigov mnkogekix# vicqikmo ci mev}ikfei foxxnvzokmenk}n# gnmemiv zxö|egiv o vegecixnv vegecixnv ic zxofnvo ~xbnk}n5+ Nc ix}çf~co 12= mnc fe}imo fömebo# xnf}ox mn nv}iv gnmemiv fi~}ncixnv nv}ihcnfn0 –N|fnzfeokicgnk}n# zox ci knfnvemim egzov}nxbihcn mnc y~n ci zemn o zox ci aexgnpi mnc a~kmignk}o mn ci mngikmi u zx~nhi izox}imi# ci gnmemi z~nmn fokvev}ex nk ci n`nf~feök ik}efezimi mn co y~n nc @~np qi i mnfemex nk ci vnk}nkfei# vni nk v~ ek}nbxemim o vöco nk ivznf}ov v~v}ikfeicnv i åv}i‗+ Znxo# ¿f~éc nv ci meanxnkfei nk}xn civ gnmemiv }ngzoxicnv vohxn nc aokmo u nc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n?# ci meanxnkfei nv y~n nk cov zxofnvov ~xbnk}nv ko n|ev}n ~k bximo mn fnx}npi }ic y~n i~}oxefn ic `~pbimox i ik}efezix v~ mnfeveök# znxo nv nvn gixbnk mn ekfnx}em~ghxn gçkego y~n i~}oxepi ic cnbevcimox fokaeb~xixco fogo xézemo nk v~ }xége}n zixi ivç oh}nknx ~ki mnfeveök `~mefeic y~n xnm~pfi ic gçkego co y~n Gokxou Zicifeov n|zokn fogo nc gixbnk meanxnkfeic 9:# nk figheo civ gnmemiv }ngzoxicnv vohxn nc aokmo# y~n zox vnx gnmemiv fi~}ncixnv zovehcnv mn mixvn nk ~k zxofnmegenk}o fi~}ncix# xny~enxnk mn ci n|ev}nkfei mn ~k zxofnvo zxekfezic oxebekimo zox ci ekqofifeök mn ~k mnxnflo f~uo bximo mn fnx}npi nv ic <
Fa+ ix}çf~cov 12= i 1<9 mnc Fömebo Zxofnvic Feqec+ Kov xnanxegov ic zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo ~xbnk}n+ 9: –Ccigigov gixbnk meanxnkfeic i ci mevzixemim n|ev}nk}n nk}xn ci vi}evaiffeök zxofnvic xnvznf}o mn ci vi}evaiffeök y~n l~henxi ccnbimo ci zix}n if}oxi# mn ko lihnx gnmeimo ~ki fxevev mn fooznxifeök# nv mnfex# mn lihnxvn f~gzcemo nvzok}éknignk}n fok civ xnbciv `~xçmefiv mnc oxmnkigenk}o‗+ Gokxou Zicifeov @~ik @ovå# –Ci }~}nci zxofnvic mn cov mnxnflov‗# Nme}+ Zicnv}xi# Cegi'8::=# z+ 85<+ 5
6
fenk zox fenk}o# fogo nv nc fivo ‖ zox n`ngzco ‖ mn cov v~z~nv}ov nv}ihcnfemov nk nc Fömebo Zxofnvic Feqec# nk v~v ix}çf~cov 12> ,ivebkifeök ik}efezimi ik}efezimi mn icegnk}ov% u 1<: ,vnzixifeök u meqoxfeo%# v~z~nv}ov åv}ov nk cov y~n co ðkefo y~n vn zov}nxbi nv ci fokaeb~xifeök }o}ic mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo# nv mnfex nk cov n`ngzcov iko}imov# ci znkveök mnaeke}eqi mn cov icegnk}ov# nc meqoxfeo o ci vnzixifeök mn f~nxzov+ Aekicgnk}n# venkmo civ gnmemiv fi~}ncixnv civ y~n nv}ék mnv}ekimiv i bixik}epix ci n`nf~feök mn ci vnk}nkfei giv ko i ik}efezix ik}efezix ci n`nf~feök# n`nf~feök# vn mev}ekb~n mn ci gnmemi }ngzoxic vohxn nc aokmo# zoxy~n nk åv}i ðc}egi nc `~pbimox zox ci knfnvemim egzov}nxbihcn u# ci aexgnpi mnc a~kmignk}o u zx~nhiv izox}imiv# z~nmn mevzoknx ci n`nf~feök ik}efezimi mn co y~n qi i mnfemex nk ci vnk}nkfei ,qb+ icegnk}ov%+ Nv}i meanxnkfei ci zomngov bxiaefix mn ci veb~enk}n giknxi0 Zxnv~z~nv}ov Gnmemi }ngzox }ngzoxicn icnvv
vohxn vohxn
nc aokmo
Fixif}nxçv}efiv
i% Qnxovegece}~m nk nc mnxnflo h% Knfnvemim egzov}nxbihcn mn }~}nci+
+
Zxoqeveokicemim+
Iffnvoxenmim## nv}o vn mnhn i y~n vexqnk Iffnvoxenmim
i ~k
zxofnvo zxekfezic+ Ko nv heci}nxic+ ' ci heci}nxicemim vn zov}nxbi zox nc
nv}imo mn knfnvemim+ Ko fokv}e}~un fovi @~pbimi+ Gnmemi Fi~}ncix
i% Qnxovegece}~m nk nc mnxnflo h% Zncebxo nk ci mngoxi
Zxoqeveokicemim+
Iffnvoxenmim# Iffnvoxenmim# nv}o nv}o vn mnhn i y~n vexqnk i ~k zxofnvo zxekfezic+
Ko nv heci}nxic+ ' ci heci}nxicemim vn zov}nxbi fok nc aek mn zxnvnxqix nc mnxnflo i }~}ncix+
Ko fokv}e}~un fovi @~pbimi Zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo ^xbnk}n
i% Ek}nxåv }~}ncihcn fenx}o u gikeaenv}o# h% h% Knfnv Knfnvem emim im egzov egzov}n }nxb xbihc ihcnn mn }~}nci u# f% Y~n vni ci ðkefi qçi naefip zixi ci }~}nci mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo
Ci mnfeveök nv mnaeke}eqi+ Nv i~}ökogo+ Nv heci}nxic ' Ci xnvoc~feök y~n xnfiebi nk v~ }xége}n ibo}ixé nc oh`n oh`n}o }o mn ci zxn} zxn}nk nkve veök ök mnc mnc voce vocefe fe}i }ik} k}n# n# imy~ imy~ex exen enkm kmoo nc fixéf fixéf}n }nxx u ci fice ficemi mimm mn fovi fovi `~pbimi
¿F~écnv vok civ zxn}nkveoknv i civ y~n vexqn nc zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo ~xbnk}n?
Fogo }nkngov meflo# ko hiv}i y~n i ~k zxofnvo# zixi y~n vni ~xbnk}n# vn cn mnkogekn fogo }ic# zox nvo kov foxxnvzokmn ikicepix ve cov mnxnflov i cov y~n vexqn# `~v}eaefik `~v}eaefik y~n nk
=
ci Cnu mnc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo nc cnbevcimox liui fokaeb~ximo ~ko mn }ic ki}~xicnpi ki}~xicnpi o# y~n ic gnkov mnhenxi vnxco+ Zxnqe Zxnqeign ignk} k}nn i k~nv}x k~nv}xoo ikéce ikéceve vev# v# nv ozox}~ ozox}~ko ko }nknx }nknx zxnvnk zxnvnk}n }n y~n ci Cnu mnc Zxofn Zxofnvo vo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo }enkn nk v~ ek}nxeox ~ki cçkni mn mnvixxocco nk f~uo n|}xngo ekefeic vn ~hefik civ if}~ifeoknv egz~bkihcnv ,ix}çf~co =% u# nk nc n|}xngo aekic# civ zovehecemimnv mn v~ mnfeveök zixi nc `~pbimox# nk nc fivo mn nv}egix civ zxn}nkveoknv ,ix}çf~co ,ix}çf~co =9%99# hivimov zox zox iy~nc iy~ncci civv zxn}nk zxn}nkveo veoknv knv zovehcn zovehcnvv mn lifnxvn lifnxvn qicnx qicnx zixi zixi ci ek}nxmeffeök ek}nxmeffeök mn ci ixhe}xixenmim ,ix}çf~co >%+ Qnigov bxéaefignk}n f~icnv f~icnv vok civ zxn}nkveoknv y~n }xikve}ixék zox nc zxofnvo –~xbnk}n‗# ic y~n zxnanxegov ccigix Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo ^xbnk}n# mefliv zxn}nkveoknv vok civ y~n nv}ék nv}ihcnfemiv nk cov ekfevov 9# 8 u 6 mnc ix}çf~co 81 mnc ]^O mn ci Cnu K° 82><=+
Cnu mnc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo Imgekev}xi}eqo ,Cnu K° 82><2% If}~ifeoknv egz~bkihcnv
Zxn}nkveoknv
Vnk}nkfei
Ix}ç Ix}çf~ f~co co =+' =+' Fokaoxgn i civ zxn zxnqe qeve veok oknv nv mn ci zxnv zxnvnk nk}n }n Cnu Cnu u f~gzcenkmo cov xny~eve}ov n|zxnvignk}n izcefihcnv i fimi fivo# zxo zxofn fnmn mn ci mngi mngikm kmii fok} fok}xi xi }omi }omi if}~ife if}~ifeök ök xnicep xnicepimi imi nk n`nxfef n`nxfefeo eo mn zo}nv}imnv imgekev}xi}eqiv 6 Ci if}~ if}~if ifeö eökk gi}nx gi}nxei eicc y~n y~n ko vn vn v~v}nk}n nk if}o imgekev}xi}eqo
vnk}nk nkfe feii y~n y~n Ix}ç x}çf~co f~co 81+' Vn }xige}i fogo Ix}çf x}çf~c ~co o =9+' Ci vnk} zxo zxofn fnvo vo ~xbn ~xbnk} k}nn civ civ veb~ veb~en enk} k}nv nv mnfcixn mnfcixn a~kmim a~kmimii ci mngikmi mngikmi zomxé zomxé zxn}nkveoknv+ mnfemex nk a~kfeök mn ci zxn}nkveök zcik}nimi co veb~enk}n
9
Nc fnvn mn f~i f~icy~enx if}~ife ifeök gi}nxeic y~n ko vn v~v}nk}n nk if}o imgekev}xi}eqo
6
Ci fnvifeök mn ci if}~ifeök gi}nxe gi}nxeic ic y~n ko vn v~v}nk}n v~v}nk}n nk if}o imgekev}xi}eqo u ci imozfeök mn f~ik}i gnmemi vni knfnvixei zixi oh}nknx ci nanf}eqemim mn ci vnk}nkfei vek znx`~efeo mn zoknx nk fokofegenk}o fokofegenk}o mnc Gekev}nxeo Gekev}nxeo Zðhcefo nc ekf~gzcegenk}o zixi nc ekefeo mnc zxofnvo znkic foxxnvzokmenk}n u ci mn}n mn}nxg xgek ekif ifeö eökk mn cov cov miùo miùovv u znx`~efeov y~n xnv~c}nk mn meflo ekf~gzcegenk}o+
8
8
Nc f~gzcegenk}o zox ci = imgekev}xifeök mn ~ ki mn}nxgekimi if}~ifeök i ci y~n vn nkf~ nkf~nk nk}x }xnn ohce ohcebi bimi mi zox zox gikmi}o mn ci cnu o nk qex}~m mnc if}o imgekev}xi}eqo aexgn+
Nc zcipo nk nc y~n ci imgekev}xifeök mnhn f~gzcex fok xnicepix ~ki mn}nxgekimi if}~ifeök i ci y~n nv}i ohcebimi# vek znx`~efeo mn zoknx nk foko fokofe fege genk nk}o }o mnc mnc geke gekev} v}nx nxeo eo Zðhcefo nc ekf~gzcegenk}o zixi nc ekefeo mnc zxofnvo znkic foxxnvzokmenk}n u ci mn}nx mn}nxgek gekif ifeök eök mn cov cov miùov miùov u znx`~ znx`~efeo efeovv y~n xnv~c} xnv~c}nn mn meflo meflo ekf~gzcegenk}o+ Ko Ko nv}i nv}i zxnq zxnqev ev}i }i## znxo znxo z~nm z~nmnn v~hv~gexvn nk ci ik}nxeox+
Nc vecnkf nkfeo img imgekev}xi}eqo# ci eknxfei u f~icy~enx o}xi ogeveök mn ci imgekev}xifeök zðhcefi
Ko Ko nv}i nv}i zxnq zxnqev ev}i }i## znxo znxo z~nmn z~nmnkk 6 v~hv~gexvn nk ci ik}nxeox+
Civ xnci}eqiv i gi}nxei zxnqeveokic nk f~ik}o vn xnaenxn ic fok}nkemo nvnkfeic mnc mnxnflo
99
ix}çf~co =9 mnc ]n|}o Ðkefo Oxmnkimo mn ci Cnu K° 8=><= z~hcefimo nk nc meixeo Nc Znx~iko nc 85 mn ibov}o mn 8::<# qebnk}n i zix}ex mnc 85 mn vn}enghxn mn 8::<
>
i ci znkveök+
Fokaoxgn zomngov izxnfeix mnc f~imxo ik}nxeox# mn civ }xnv zxn}nkveoknv y~n }xikve}ixik zox nc mnkogekimo mnkogekimo zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# vöco civ mov zxegnxiv ,ekfevo ,ekfevo 9 u 8 mnc ix}çf~co 81% 98# }enknk mnaekemiv civ foxxnvzokmenk}nv foxxnvzokmenk}nv if}~ifeoknv egz~bkihcnv ,ekfevo 8 u 6 mnc ix}çf~co =% i civ y~n vexqn# mn eb~ic giknxi# ci zxozei koxgi nv}ihcnfn f~ic mnhn vnx ci mnfeveök mn `~pbimox zixi nv}iv mov zxn}nkveoknv zxn}nkveoknv ,ekfevov ,ekfevov 6 u =% Kov zxnb~k}igov nk}okfnv ¿f~ic vnxçi ci if}~ifeök egz~bkihcn y~n foxxnvzokmn i ci zxn}nkveök zxn}nkveök nv}ihcnf nv}ihcnfemi emi nk nc ekfevo 6 ,gi}nxei zxnqeveo zxnqeveokic%? kic%? u# ¿fögo mnhn vnx ci mnfeveök nk ci vnk}nkfei mn igzixixvn }ic zxn}nkveök? Ci koxgi ic ek}xom~fex nv}i gomeaefi}oxei li oge}emo zxnfevix nv}ov ivznf}ov# co y~n mng~nv}xi y~n n|ev}n ~ki x~z}~xi nk nc nvy~ngi mn ci }åfkefi cnbevci}eqi# cnbevci}eqi# y~n mnhn vnx v~znximi nk ixgokçi fok ci ki}~xicnpi mnc mnxnflo u ci mnc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo+ Meflo nv}o# zivixngov i ikicepix civ zxn}nkveoknv mnc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo ~xbnk}n+ 9+ Nc fnvn fnvn mn f~ic f~icy~ y~en enxx if}~ if}~if ifeö eökk gi}n gi}nxe xeic ic y~n y~n ko vn v~v} v~v}nk nk}n }n nk if}o if}o imge imgeke kev} v}xi xi}e }eqo qo# fokaoxgn vn izxnfei mnc nvy~ngi ik}nxeox# ci if}~ifeök egz~bkihcn nv ci nv}ihcnfemi nk nc ekfevo 6 96 mnc ix}çf~co =# f~ui zxn}nkveök nv}i nv}ihcnfemi nk nc ekfevo 6 9= mnc ix}çf~co >+ Zixi ncco mnhngov zxnfevix ¿ Y~å nk}nkmngov zox if}~ifeök gi}nxeic ? Xnvzokmnx nv}i zxnb~k}i zivi zox nk}nkmnx y~n ci Imgekev}xifeök Zðhcefi mnfcixi ~k mnxnflo nk ~k fivo fokfxn}o i }xiqåv mn ~k –if}o imgekev}xi}eqo‗# nk }ik}o y~n nv}iv mnfcixifeoknv mnfcixifeoknv mn qoc~k}im zxom~ zxom~fn fnkk nanf} nanf}ov ov `~xçm `~xçmef efov ov cov gevgov gevgov y~n xny~en xny~enxnk xnk mn if}~i if}~ife feokn oknvv mnkoge mnkogekim kimiv iv –gi}nxeicnv‗ zixi v~ n`nf~feök# nv}o vebkeaefi y~n ci imgekev}xifeök zovnn ci aif~c}im mn zomnx ~vix v~ zxozei foiffeök zxnvfekmenkmo mn oxmnk `~mefeic4 vek nghixbo nv}n lnflo knfnvixeignk}n mnhn }nknx ~ki fohnx}~xi cnbic# meflo mn o}xo gomo mnhn mixvn mnk}xo mn cov géxbnknv mn cnbicemim# y~n egzcefi nc xnvzn}o i zxofnmegenk}ov# koxgiv# zxekfezeov4 znxo of~xxn y~n g~fliv qnfnv nv}iv if}~ifeoknv gi}nxeicnv vn xnicepik ic gixbnk mn ci cnbicemim# cnbicemim# n`nxfenkmo ~ki foiffeök ecnbç}egi ecnbç}egi vohxn cov mnxnflov n ek}nxnvnv mn zix}ef~cixnv# zix}ef~cixnv# i co y~n vn mnkogeki – qçiv mn lnflo‗+ Nk}okfnv ¿f~ikmo kov xnanxegov i ~ki if}~ifeök gi}nxeic ecnbç}egi ? Xigök L~iziui 9> vnùici –Vok if}~ifeoknv xnicepimiv ecnbç}egignk}n nv mnfex0 i% Vek ~k }ç}~co cnbe}egimox zixi v~ xnicepifeök ,fixnkfei mn if}o imgekev}xi}eqo% u# h% Fok }xivbxnveök mn koxgiv o zxekfezeov mnc oxmnkigenk}o oxmnkigenk}o `~xçmefo‗ 98
Oz+ Fe}+ ]^O mn Ci Cnu K° 8=><=+ –6+ Ci if}~ifeök gi}nxeic y~n ko vn v~v}nk}i nk if}o imgekev}xi}eqo‗ 9= –6+ Ci mnfcixifeök mn fok}xixei i mnxnflo u nc fnvn mn ~ki if}~ifeök gi}nxeic y~n ko vn v~v}nk}n nk ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo‗ 9> L~iziui ]izei# Xigök# –]xi}imo mnc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo‗# z+ 15>+ 96
1
Nc zxegnx v~z~nv}o nv nc y~n foxxnvzokmn i ci zxn}nkveök y~n fognk}igov# nv mnfex y~n vok if}~ifeoknv gi}nxeicnv mn n`nf~feök y~n ko vn v~v}nk}ik nk ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo# nk figheo figheo## nk nc vnb~km vnb~kmoo v~z~nv v~z~nv}o }o ve henk henk n|ev}n n|ev}n ~k if}o if}o imgeke imgekev} v}xi} xi}eq eqo# o# nk ci n}izi n}izi mn n`nf~feö n`nf~feökk vn zxom~fnk zxom~fnk ekaxiff ekaxiffeokn eoknvv i koxgiv koxgiv fokv}e} fokv}e}~feo ~feokicn kicnvv y~n q~cknxnk q~cknxnk mnxnflov mnxnflov a~kmignk a~kmignk}icn }icnvv ,ekqeoci ,ekqeocihece hecemim mim mn mogefec mogefeceo# eo# ic vnfxn}o vnfxn}o n ekqe ekqeocih ocihecem ecemim im mn mof~gnk} mof~gnk}oo zxeqimo# nc mnxnflo mn zxozenmim%+ Zixi nv}n vnb~kmo v~z~nv}o# ci if}~ifeök egz~bkihcn nv}i nv}ihcnfemi nk nc ekfevo = mnc ix}çf~co =91 mnc ]^O mn ci Cnu 82><=# y~n ik}nv u iðk mnvz~åv mn ci gomeaefi}oxei ko }enkn mnaekemi ~ki zxn}nkveök nvznfeaefi# vek nghixbo fxnngov y~n ci zxn'n|ev}nkfei mn ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo# zixi ~ki if}~ifeök gi}nxeic ecnbç}egi # y~n fok}xiqnkbi fok}xiqnkbi koxgiv u zxekfezeov nk v~ xnicepifeök# mnhn vnx }igheåk igziximo fogo ~ki zxn}nkveök ~xbnk}n# ve nk v~ n`nf~ n`nf~feö feökk gi}nxe gi}nxeic ic ianf} ianf}ii mnxnf mnxnflov lov a~kmi a~kmign gnk}i k}icn cnvv y~n mn zox ve n|ebnk n|ebnk ~ki –}~} –}~}nci nci ~xbnk}n‗+ Nk fokfc~veök nv}i zxn}nkveök h~vfi –}~}ncix‗# ~ki zn}efeök mn mnfcixifeök mn mnxnflov ,a~kmignk}icnv% fokf~cfimov zox ci if}~ifeök gi}nxeic ecnbç}egi# u znxveb~n vn mevzokbi civ gnmemiv knfnvixeiv knfnvixeiv zixi y~n nc if}o vn n`nf~}n foxxnf}ignk}n# lnflo y~n mnhn vnx oxmnkimo zox nc @~np4 nv mnfex znxveb~n ~ki vnk}nkfei mnfcixi}eqi u mn fokmnki# ci zxegnxi mnfcixi ci ecefe}~m mn ci if}~ifeök gi}nxeic u ci vnb~kmi h~vfi ci oxmnk i ci imgekev}xifeök zixi y~n fnvn ci if}~ifeök# y~n nv ~ki oxmnk knbi}eqi ,ko lifnx%+ 8+ –Nc –Nc f~gz f~gzce cege genk nk}o }o zox zox ci imge imgeke kev} v}xi xife feök ök mn ~ki ~ki mn}n mn}nxg xgek ekim imii if}~ if}~if ifeö eökk i ci y~n y~n vn nkf~nk}xn ohcebimi zox gikmi}o mn ci cnu o nk qex}~m mn if}o imgekev}xi}eqo aexgn‗# ci if}~ifeök egz~bkihcn nv ci nv}ihcnfemi nk nc ekfevo 8 mnc ix}çf~co =# nk fokvnf~nkfei ci zxn}nkveök nv ci nv}ihcnfemi nk nc ekfevo = 92 mnc ix}çf~co ix}çf~co ># vebkeaefi vebkeaefi y~n nc zxnv~z~nv}o zxnv~z~nv}o nv y~n n|ev}i ~ki ekif}eqemim zox zix}n mn ci imgekev}xifeök# co y~n vn xnv~gn nk ~k ko lifnx mn ci imgekev}xifeök zðhcefi mnk}xo mn v~v fogzn}nkfeiv oxmekixeiv# y~n mnxeqi vengzxn mn ~ki ohcebifeök fokfxn}i y~n vn nkf~nk}xi fok}nkemi nk ~ki cnu ,ohcebifeök cnbic%# o zox ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo imgekev}xi}eqo aexgn ,ohcebife , ohcebifeök ök fok}nkemi nk ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo%+ imgekev}xi}eqo%+ Nv mnfex y~n nc oh`n}o mn nv}i zxn}nkveök nv cobxix y~n nk ci vnk}nkfei vn fokmnkn i ci Imgekev}xifeök i f~gzcex fok ~k gikmi}o cnbic n|zxnvo# fokaeb~ximo zox nc ekf~gzcegenk}o+ Ci koxgi }igheåk xnaenxn –nc f~gzcegenk}o mn ci imgekev}xifeök nk qex}~m mn ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo aexgn‗# nk }ik}o y~n zixi y~n ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo vni aexgn mnhn lihnx vemo fokvnk}emo zox nc zix}ef~cix gevgo u y~n ci imgekev}xifeök ko liui n`nxfemo v~ zo}nv}im mn xnqeveök mn oaefeo ,Ix}+ 8:8 mn ci CZIB%% 91
–=+ Ci if}~ifeök gi}nxeic mn n`nf~feök mn if}ov imgekev}xi}eqov y~n }xivbxnmç zxekfezeov o koxgiv mnc oxmnkigenk}o `~xçmefo‗ 92 –=+ Vn oxmnkn i ci imgekev}xifeök zðhcefi ci xnicepifeök mn ~ki mn}nxgekimi if}~ifeök i ci y~n vn nkf~nk}xn ohcebimi zox gikmi}o mn ci cnu nk qex}~m mn if}o imgekev}xi}eqo aexgn ‗
2
Nc ik}nfnmnk}n gév zxö|ego zox nc y~n }xikve}ihi nv}i zxn}nkveök nv nc zxofnvo mn f~gzcegenk}o y~n a~n ekfoxzoximi zox ci Fokv}e}~feök mn 9556 ,ekfevo 1 mnc ix}çf~co 8::%# zxofnvo fokv}e}~feokic f~ui aekicemim nxi# ci mn v~znxix ci ekif}eqemim mn ci imgekev}xifeök zðhcefi# nv i zix}ex mn nk}okfnv y~n v~xbeö ~ki giveaefifeök mn nv}ov zxofnvov# y~n nk ~c}egi ekv}ikfei nxik xnv~nc}ov zox nc ]xeh~kic Fokv}e}~feokic# nc gevgo y~n nge}eö ci vnk} vnk}nk nkfe feii qekf qekf~c ~cik ik}n }n xnfi xnfiçm çmii nk nc N|zn N|znme menk nk}n }n :91< :91<'8 '8:: ::>' >'ZF ZF/] /]F F fivo fivo Qecc Qeccik ik~n ~nqi qi Qicqnxmn# u nv}ihcnfeö fogo zxnfnmnk}n qekf~cik}n fokaoxgn ic k~gnxic 8 mn v~ zix}n xnvoc~}eqi# n|zxnvi# y~n nc gikmi}o mn n`nf~feök mn ~k if}o imgekev}xi}eqo# nk}xn o}xov xny~eve}ov 9< mnhn vnx mn eknc~mehcn u ohcebi}oxeo f~gzcegenk}o ,Fax+ a~kmignk}o 9=+m%# co f~ic egzcefi n|igekix ci qicemnp mnc if}o imgekev}xi}eqo u v~ fokaoxgemim nk nc u fok nc oxmnkigenk}o `~xçmefo# vek mn`ix mn gnkfeokix y~n nc mnxnflo xnfokofemo nk nc if}o imgekev}xi}eqo vni ekf~nv}eokihcn ,Fax+ a~kmignk}o 9=+a%# nk fokvnf~nkfei nv}i vnk}nkfei gixfo ~k le}o u nv i zix}ex mn nvn gognk}o# y~n ve co y~n vn zxn}nkmn nv y~n vn ek}nxzxn}n ~ki ekif}eqemim mn ci imgekev}xifeök# o f~ikmo vn f~nv}eokn ci ekif}eqemim ekif}eqemim mn ~ki fokm~f}i imge imgeke kev} v}xi xi}e }eqi qi mevf mevfxn xnfe feok okic ic## nv}i nv}ivv mnhç mnhçik ik }xik }xikve ve}i }ixx zox zox nc Zxofn Zxofnvo vo Fok} Fok}nk nkfe feov ovoo Imgekev}xi}eqo u# ve ci zxn}nkveök f~gzcn fok cov xny~eve}ov y~n `~v}eaey~n ci ~xbnkfei# iloxi zomxék }xikve}ix zox nc mnkogekimo zxofnvo ~xbnk}n+ 6+ Civ xnci}eqiv xnci}eqiv i gi}nxei gi}nxei zxnqeveokic zxnqeveokic nk nk f~ik}o f~ik}o vn xnaenxik xnaenxik ic fok}nkemo fok}nkemo nvnkfeic nvnkfeic mnc mnxnflo mnxnflo i ci znkveök+ Nc ]xeh~kic Fokv}e}~feokic nk nc fivo Ikefigi Lnxkikmnp# mnaekeö nk aoxgi fcixi mov nvanxiv mn nv}n mnxnflo e% F~ikmo vn ianf}i nc kðfcno m~xo mnc mnxnflo i ci znkveök ci qçi emökni nxi nc zxofnvo Fokv}e}~feokic mn igzixo u# ee% f~ikmo vn }xi}ihi fogo zxn}nkveök cnbic ci qçi znx}eknk}n nxi nc Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo+ ¿F~ikmo kov xnanxegov ic fok}nkemo nvnkfeic mnc mnxnflo i ci znkveök ? f~ikmo ci ianf ianf}i }ife feök ök nv}é nv}é xnci xncife feok okim imo0 o0 e% iffn iffnvo vo ic vev} vev}ng ngii mn vnb~ vnb~xe xemi mim# m# ee ee%% knbi knbi}e }eqi qi mnc mnc xnfokofegenk}o xnfokofegenk}o i ci znkveök# eee% eee% nv}å fogzxogn}emo fogzxogn}emo nc gok}o mn ci znkveök ,gnkov mnc gçkego qe}ic%# eq% knbi}eqi i o}oxbix ci znkveök mn vohxnqeqnkfei u# q% vn ianf}n nc mnxnflo i ci eb~icmim+ Nv fcixo y~n ci qçi nvznfçaefi zixi ~ki zxn}nkveök xncifeokimi i gi}nxei zxnqeveokic nv ci mnc Zxofnvo Zxofnvo Fok}nkfe Fok}nkfeovo ovo Imgekev} Imgekev}xi}e xi}eqo# qo# zxnfevik zxnfevikmo mo y~n co xncifeo xncifeokimo kimo ic fok}nke fok}nkemo mo 9<
Nc zxofnmegenk}o nv}ihcnfçi nk v~ ðc}ego zéxxiao –Nk nv}n zxofnvo nc mef}ignk aevfic vn nge}exé nk nc zcipo mn fekfo mçiv mn xnge}emo nc n|znmenk}n+ Nge}emo nc mef}ignk# vn n|znmexé vnk}nkfei nk nc zcipo mn fekfo mçiv‗
–Zixi y~n nc f~gzcegenk}o mn ci koxgi cnbic# ci n`nf~feök mnc if}o imgekev}xi}eqo u ci oxmnk mn ngeveök mn ~ki xnvoc~feök vnik n|ebehcnv i }xiqåv mnc zxofnvo mn f~gzcegenk}o# imngév mn ci xnk~nkfei mnc a~kfeokixeo o i~}oxemim zðhcefi# nc gikmi}o fok}nkemo nk iy~nccov mnhnxé fok}ix fok cov veb~enk}nv xny~eve}ov gçkegov fog~knv0 i% Vnx Vnx ~k ~k gik gikmi mi}o }o qebn qebnk} k}n+ n+ h% h% Vnx ~ki gikmi} gikmi}oo fenx fenx}o }o u fcix fcixo# o# nv mnfe mnfex# x# mnhn ekanxe ekanxexv xvnn ekm~ ekm~he he}i }ihc hcng ngnk nk}n }n mn ci koxgi koxgi cnbic cnbic o mnc if}o if}o imgekev}xi}eqo+ f% Ko nv}ix nv}ix v~`n}o v~`n}o i fok}xoqnxv fok}xoqnxvei ei fogzcn`i fogzcn`i ke i ek}nxzxn}ifeo ek}nxzxn}ifeoknv knv mevzix mevzixnv nv m% Vnx mn eknc~ eknc~meh mehcn cn u ohce ohcebi} bi}oxe oxeoo f~gzceg f~gzcegenk enk}o }o n% Vnx ekfokmefeokic‗+ N|znmenk}n Kº :91<'8::>'ZF/]F+# mnc 85 mn vn}enghxn mnc 8::>+
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nvnkfeic mnc mnxnflo i ci znkveök y~n ik}nv mn ci gomeaefi}oxei }xikve}ihi zox nc zxofnvo fokv}e}~feokic mn igzixo# iloxi }xikve}ixé zox nc mnkogekimo –zxofnvo ~xbnk}n‗+ Zxnv~z~nv}ov zixi fokfnmnx ci }~}nci ~xbnk}n
Ci vnb~kmi zix}n mnc ix}çf~co 81 mnc ]^O mn ci Cnu K° 82><=# nv}ihcnfn y~n mn ci mngikmi u v~v xnfi~mov fokf~xxik fenx}ov fenx}ov xny~eve}ov# zixi zomnx fokfnmnx ci }~}nc }~}ncii ~xbnk}n# i vihnx0 i% Ek}nxåv }~}ncihcn fenx}o u gikeaenv}o # Y~enxn mnfex y~n nc mngikmik}n gçkegignk}n nc mngikmik}n mnhn ifxnme}ix y~n nc mnxnflo ekqofimo n|ev}i u vni n|ebehcn# i }xiqåv ci }~}nci mn ~xbnkfei+ Knfnvemim egzov}nxbi egzov}nxbihcn hcn mn }~}nci# }~}nci# nv mnfex y~n vn ifnk}ði ifnk}ði ci ekgeknkfe ekgeknkfei i mn ~k h% Knfnvemim znx`~efeo fogo fok}nkemo mnc zncebxo nk ci mngoxi mn ~k zxofnvo oxmekixeo+
Nv}n zxnv~z~nv}o y~n nv}ihcnfn ci koxgi }enkn y~n qnx fok nc zncebxo nk ci mngoxi# ic xnvznf}o Ficigimxne 95 li vnùicimo y~n z~nmn zxnvnk}ixvn mn mov aoxgiv0 zncebxo nk ci ekax~f}~ovemim ekax~f}~ovemim u zncebxo nk nc xn}ixmo mn ci zxoqemnkfei `~xevmeffeokic0 Nc }ezo mn zncebxo y~n egzox}i i k~nv}xo }ngi nv nc zncebxo nk nc xn}ixmo mn ci zxoqemnkfei `~xevmeffeokic# zixi nv}n nanf}o# kov xnge}egov i co n|zxnvimo zox Zxeoxe Zovimi# y~n xnvznf}o ic gevgo vnùici0 –Nc zncebxo nk nc xn}ixmo mn ci zxoqemnkfei `~xevmeffeokic nv nc }ngox y~n ci voci m~xifeök m~xifeök mnc zxofnvo zxofnvo oxmekixeo oxmekixeo bnknxn ~ki vnk}nkfe vnk}nkfei i y~n ko vni nanf}eqi nanf}eqi zixi nc mnxnflo y~n vn zxn}nkmn zxo}nbnx# nc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n nv}ihcnfn zcipov g~u fox}ov# co y~n lifn y~n nv}n zxofnvo znxge}i ~ki }~}nci xézemi u nanf}eqi# nanf}eqi# u nv}i aoxgi mn zncebxo ko nv}n zxnvnk}n nk nv}n }ezo mn zxn}nkveoknv+‗ f% Y~n vni ci ðkefi qçi naefip zixi ci }~}nci mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo +
Nv}n xny~eve}o kov lihci mn naefifei# nv mnfex y~n nv}n }ezo mn }~}nci# y~n zxn}nkmn mix ~k }xége}n fox}o zixi ci zxo}nffeök mn ~k mnxnflo i }xiqåv mnc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# co mnhn lifnx mn giknxi nvznfeicgnk}n naefip# zixi cobxix ci aekicemim mn zxofnvo+ Ko }xikve}ixé zox nv}i qçi# ve nk nc zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo ,nvznfeic%# vn z~nmn cobxix }igheåk ci gevgi aekicemim mnc zxofnvo# nv mnfex# y~n ci }~}nci ~xbnk}n }enkn ~k fixéf}nx xnvem~ic axnk}n ic zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo nk bnknxic+ Co ik}nxeox ik}nxeox nv}é nv}ihcn nv}ihcnfem femoo nk nc ix}çf~co ix}çf~co 82 mnc ]^O mn ci Cnu 82><= nk v~ ðc}ego ðc}ego zéxxiao nv}ihcnfn y~n –Civ mngikmiv f~uiv zxn}nkveoknv ko vi}evaibik cov xny~eve}ov mn ci }~}nci ~xbnk}n# vn }xige}ixik fokaoxgn i civ xnbciv nv}ihcnfemiv zixi nc zxofnvo nvznfeic‗# vebkeaefi y~n knfnvixeignk}n civ mngikmiv imngév mn fok}nknx civ zxn}nkveoknv ikicepimiv# mnhnk f~gzcex knfnvixeignk}n fok cov xny~eve}ov ik}nv vnùicimov+ Gnfikevgo Zxofnvic mnc mnkogekimo –Zxofnvo ^xbnk}n‗ 95
Oz+ Fe}+ z+ 29+
5
Nv nc ix}çf~co 82 mnc ]^O mn ci Cnu y~n xnb~ci nc Zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo z~hcefimo nv}n ðc}ego 85 mn ibov}o mn 8::< 8:# y~n nv}ihcnfn y~n zxnqeo }xivcimo i ci o}xi zix}n zox nc zcipo mn 6 mçiv# u qnkfemo nc zcipo# fok o vek ihvoc~feök mn ci mngikmi# nc @~np mef}ixé nk ci vnk}nkfei ci gnmemi y~n foxxnvzokmi i ci zxn}nkveök ekqofimi mnk}xo mnc zcipo mn > mçiv u# nc zcipo zixi egz~bkix ci vnk}nkfei nv mn > mçiv mnvz~åv mn lihnx vemo ko}eaefimo# ci gevgi y~n vn fokfnmnxé fok nanf}o v~vznkveqo+ Nc cnbevcimox# fok ci gomeaefi}oxei y~n iloxi kov of~zi# zxn}nkmn mixcn nc }xége}n y~n foxxnvzokmn i ci –}~}nci ~xbnk}n‗4 mnfegov zxn}nkmn# zox y~n xnv~c}i y~n nc mnkogekimo –zxofnvo ~xbnk}n‗# ~xbnk}n‗# zxozokn ~k zxofnmegenk}o zxofnmegenk}o izixnk}ngnk}n izixnk}ngnk}n gév n|znme}eqo n|znme}eqo nk zxegnxi zxegnxi ekv}ikfei ,xnm~fenkmo mn > i 6 mçiv nc zcipo zixi fok}nv}ix ci mngikmi%# fokaoxgn co qnxngo qnxngovv gév imnci imncik}n k}n## ci koxgi koxgi gomea gomeaef efimi imi v~zxeg v~zxegnn nc }xége }xége}n }n foxxnv foxxnvzok zokme menk} nk}nn ic mef}ignk aevfic# y~n ik}nv nxi ohcebi}oxei# y~enk mnhçi nge}ex nc mef}ignk foxxnvzokmenk}n nk nc zcipo mn > mçiv+ Vek nghixbo# nc zxofnmegenk}o y~n iloxi nv}ihcnfn nc ix}çf~co 82 mnc ]^O mn ci Cnu 82><=# ko zxnqå f~icnv vok cov zcipov mn nv}n zxofnvo ~xbnk}n nk vnb~kmi ekv}ikfei# co y~n vebkeaefi vebkeaefi y~n mnhngov xnf~xxex i co nv}ihcnfemo nv}ihcnfemo zixi nc zxofnmegenk}o zxofnmegenk}o v~gixçvego# y~n nv nc gevgo y~n zixi nc ihxnqeimo o zixi nc mn fokofegenk}o?# o }ic qnp mnhngov iv~gex y~n nc }xége}n mnhn vnx nc y~n vn cn mi i cov zxofnvov fokv}e}~feokicnv? zox vnx nc zxofnvo gév zxö|ego# i~ky~n vöco vni zixi iaexgix y~n ko zomxçi m~xix gév y~n ~k zxofnvo oxmekixeo u gév henk m~xix eb~ic y~n ~k zxofnvo fokv}e}~feokic vnb~kmi nk vnb~kmi ekv}ikfei+ Nv}i fogzixifeök vn bxiaefi mn ci veb~enk}n giknxi0 Zxofnvo
Ihvocqnx mngikmi
Vnk}nkfei
Zxofnvo mn igzixo
> mçiv
> mç mçiv mnvz~åv mnc zc zcipo zixi fo fok}nv}ix ci mngikmi+
Zxofnvo mn f~gzcegenk}o
> mçiv
> mç mçiv mnvz~åv mnc zc zcipo zixi fo fok}nv}ix ci mngikmi+
Zxofnvo Fok}nkfeovo Imgekev}xi}eqo v~gixçvego
> mçiv
9: mçiv mnvz~åv mn ci i~menkfei ðkefi
Zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo imgekev}xi}eqo ^xbnk}n
6 mçiv
> mçiv# fok o vek ci ihvoc~feök mnc mngikmimo# vn nge}n vnk}nkfei
Lifenkmo ~k xnf~nk}o mn zcipov nv}ixçigov lihcikmo# }icqnp mn ~ki meanxnkfei izxo|egimi mn 8 mçiv nk}xn nc zcipo zixi fok}nv}ix ci mngikmi nk fogzixifeök fok cov zxofnvov fokv}e}~feokicnv u nc zxofnvo v~gixçvego# o}xi meanxnkfei gixfimi fok nv}n ðc}ego zxofnvo nv y~n nk nc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n vn v~zxegn nc mef}ignk aevfic y~n# nk ci qçi v~gixçvegi mnhçi nge}ex mef}ignk mnk}xo mnc zcipo mn > mçiv# nvi nv ci bxik meanxnkfei y~n nk izixenkfei cn nv}ixçi egzxegenkmo ~k }xége}n giv n|znme}eqo nk zxegnxi ekv}ikfei+ 8:
Meixeo nc Znx~iko+ Koxgiv Cnbicnv+ Z 62<<99
9:
Nk}okf Nk}okfnv nv kov kov zxnb~k zxnb~k}ig }igov ov ¿ Zxofnm Zxofnmnxé nxé nk nv}n nv}n zxofnv zxofnvo o k~ k~cem cemimn imnv# v# nc xnf xnf~xv ~xvo o mn fivifeök?# fokvemnxigov y~n ve henk ci koxgi ko zxnqå nv}n }ezo mn xnf~xvov# u fokaoxgn ic ikécevev mn ci ki}~xicnpi mn civ zxn}nkveoknv# nv aif}ehcn y~n zxofnmi nv}n }ezo mn xnf~xvov egz~bki}oxeov# ve nv}o nv ivç u# imngév }ogikmo nk f~nk}i cov zcipov nk cov y~n ci Fox}n V~zxngi mngoxi zixi xnvocqnx# nc }ic zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# ko hxekmixé ~ki }~}nci xézemi# fokaoxgn vn nvznxi# o fokaoxgn co zek}ö nc Cnbevci}eqo# y~nmékmokov ðkefignk}n fok ci mnkogekifeök mn zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# y~n nk xnicemim ko }enkn giuox meanxnkfei fok o}xo zxofnvo y~n ko nv ~xbnk}n+ Co y~n kov ccnqi i fokfc~ex fokfc~ex y~n ci fncnxemim mnc zxofnvo zxofnvo ~xbnk}n y~n vn cn zxn}nkmn zxn}nkmn mix nk zxegnxi ekv}ikfei# vn xnci}eqepixé# ve nk vnb~kmi ekv}ikfei vn cn mi nc }xi}igenk}o mn ~k zxofnvo fok}nkfeovo imgekev}xi}eqo oxmekixeo+ FOKFC^VEOKNV+
9+ Vn mnv}ifi mnv}ifi y~n ci ko}i fixif}nxçv}ef fixif}nxçv}efii mnc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n# ~xbnk}n# ci fncnxemim# fncnxemim# y~n vek zov}nxbix zov}nxbix ci hec heci} i}nxi nxice cemim mim## fogo fogo of~xxç of~xxçii nk civ civ gnmemi gnmemivv fi~}n fi~}nci cixnv xnv## }~} }~}nc ncii zxn}n zxn}nkve kveokn oknvv y~n xny~ xny~en enxn xnkk voc~ voc~fe feok oknv nv `~xe `~xevm vmef effe feok okic icnv nv ~xbn ~xbnk} k}nv nv## i~}ö i~}öko kogi giv# v# vek vek vifx vifxea eaef efix ix nc fok}ximef}oxeo mnc mngikmimo# mef}n ci vnk}nkfei ifobenkmo ci mngikmi+ 8+ Nk nc zxofnvo ~xbnk}n vn lik v~hv~gemo v~hv~gemo civ zxn}nkveoknv mnc mnxnflo mnxnflo i ci znkveök nk v~ fok}nkemo nvnkfeic y~n }xikve}ihik zox nc zxofnvo fokv}e}~feokic mn igzixo u# ic zxofnvo mn f~gzcegenk}o+ 6+ Zxofnmn Zxofnmn ci }~}nci ~xbnk}n# ~xbnk}n# vengzxn vengzxn u f~ikmo f~ikmo vn ifxnme}n ifxnme}n y~n n|ev}i n|ev}i ~k ek} ek}nxåv nxåv }~}ncihc }~}ncihcnn fenx}o u gikeaenv}o# knfnvemim egzov}nxbihcn mn }~}nci# y~n vni ci ðkefi qçi naefip zixi ci }~}nci mnc mnxnflo ekqofimo+ =+ Nc zxofn zxofnvo vo ~xbnk} ~xbnk}nn znxge} znxge}nn zxozox zxozoxfe feoki okixx ~ki }~} }~}nc ncii ozox}~ ozox}~ki# ki# gnmei gnmeik} k}nn mnfeve mnfeveokn oknvv }igheåk ~xbnk}nv# vek y~n nv}o vebkeaey~n i}nk}ix fok}xi nc mnhemo zxofnvo+ >+ Mnhn xnb~cixvn nc }xége}n nk vnb~kmi ekv}ikfei# }igheåk hxnqn zixi y~n nv}n zxofnvo ~xbnk}n vni ~ki qçi xnicgnk}n naefip+
99
