Egito antigo - apresentação

³G Kfitg é {ah oèoi|h og Mijg¿  "Bktóogg)

Kfig0 Kfi g0 tàs aij aij hmgs ok fthmo thmoiigs gsiiohok H ci|ijiphæãg i|ijiphæãg kfá~ kfá~c cih hmif hmifh h sk okskm| okskm|gj|k{ j|k{ mg mgtoks mgtoksk k hlti hltichmg chmg** îs ahtf htfkms og tig Mijg* ij g* kmtk 34>> h-C h 34 h-CGs ~tgf tgftkss tkssg gs lgt lgtha mgè mgè| |kis kmtk gs kfá~c fá~cigs* hm hmg g mhs htks htks** mgs gl  gl á á cigs k hé ka hjf{ jf{ahs ciàmci àmcihshs- Ims Imstt{a {ak kmg mgs* hta htahs k gtmhak gtmhakmg mgs s ktha ktha bhdij bhdijakm akmk k cgmlkcc cgmlkcciigmhogs ka ~koth*cgdtk k g{tgGs kfá~c fá~cigs cti ctihtha* kmtk g{ths cgi cgishs* {a kl icikmk si siskah ok ittif ttifhæãg* hæãg* ok shmkhakmg ok ktths ~hmhmgshs hmhmgshs k cgmlkcæãg cgmlkcæãg ok kc kciogs ok jimbg ji mbg ok s{~ s{~kti ktigt x{hji x{hjiohokohokOkskm| Okskm|gj|ktha* j|ktha* hadéa* {a si siskah ok jkis dhskhohs mgs cgs{aks* hssi hssia cgag g si siskah ok ksct ksctii h k g ~tiak akiitg chjkmoèti kmoètig sgj sgjht oh bisóti sótih oh b{ahmi b{ahmiohokH sgci sgciko koho hok k kfá~c fá~cih kth oi|i oi|io oioh ka |èti ètihs chahohs* skmog g lhthó h h{gti h{gtiohok aèri aèriah* cgmsi cgmsiokthog {a ok{s mh _ktth-

Bisót sótiih og Kfi Kfig g Hmif Hm ifg g¸ 3 ^ktá  ^ktá gogs0 gogs0 HM_IFG IA^ÉTIG "34>> H-C- ! 48>> H-C-) AÉOIG IA^ÉTIG "48>> H-C- ! 8;2> H-C-) MG\G IA^ÉTIG "8;2> H-C- ! 68; H-C-)

H Sgcikohok Kfá~cih

H a{j a{jbkt ka si si{hæãg ok if{h if {hjjohok cga g bgaka H ci|ijiph i|ijiphæãg kfá~c fá~cih* hg cgmtètig ok a{iihs a{ hs g{th {ths s ci|ijiphæû i|ijiphæûks* ks* mãg mãg |ih |ih s{h s{hs a{jjbktks cgag ci a{ ciohoãs ok skf skf{moh cj cjhssk* sktks imlkti mlktigtks* g{ aktgs gd`kgs ok ~tg~ ~tg~ti tiko koho hok k ogs ogs ~his ~his k ahti ahtiog ogss-

Mh sgci sgcikohok kfá~ kfá~c cih h a{j a{jbkt ~gss{á  gss{á h {a sh{s x{k só lgi tkc{~ tkc{~kthog a{ig tkckmkakmk mh Bi Bisóti sótih* skmog thhohs cga tks~ tks~kig k if{h if{hjjohok ka tkj tkjhæãg hgs bgakms-

^g| ^g |g ~gji jik ká á sh sh k ctkmk mh |ioh |i oh h~ h~ós h agtk Gs kfá~c fá~cigs hctk hctko oih| h|ha mh kri krisàmci sàmcih ok |èti ètigs ok{sks ok{sks "ktha ~gjik jiká á shs)* shs)* gs x{hi x{his imbha hs aksahs |it{oks |it{oks k |á cigs b{ b{a ahmgs hmgs** ahs ahs *ha *hadé déa a* ckt ckth hs cht chthckt cktá á si sichs hmi hmiahi ahis x{k imktlkti mktlktiha mh |ioh |ioh ohs ~kssghsHctkoi Hctkoih| h|ha mh |ioh |ioh h~ h ~ós h agtk k* ~gt issg* a{ai a{ail ich| ch|ha gs choè|ktk ktks ogs lhthós cgjgchm gchmog! og!gs gs ka aèsthdhs* aèsthdhs * ~gskti gsktigtakmk* mhs ~iäaioks* mhs ~iäaioks* cga gogs gs sk{s ~ktkmcks k skt| skt|gs cga g gd`ki| gd`ki|g g ok ~tkskt| tkskt|ht g cgt~ cgt~g ~hth x{hmog ksk tkss{sci tkss{scihsskH |ioh |ioh h~ós h agtk skti sktih okl imioh* skf skf{mog hs ctkmæhs kfá~c fá~cihs* ~kjg ok{s Gsá  Gsá tis* ka sk{ ti tid{mhj d{mhj ok `{jf `{jfhakmg0 hakmg0 g cgthæãg og okl{mg kth ~kshog ~kjg ok{s oh agtk* Hmðdi Hmðdis* x{k ahmoh ahmoh| |h ~hth hth {ah |ioh |ioh mh ksc{ti ksc{tioãg* oãg* hx{k hx{kjks c{`g c{`g ótf ótfãg ksh ksh| |h ³~ksh kshog¿ og¿* k* ~hth hth {a {ah h g{th g{th |ioh |ioh dgh* dgh* hx{kj hx{kjks ok cgthæãg ³j ³jk|k¿k¿A{igs hmiahi A{i ahis *ha *hadé déa* a* ktha ktha cgms cgmsiiok okth thog ogs s shf shfthogs mkssh mkssh é~gch* gch* ok hcgtog hcgtog cga s{hs chthc chthckt ktá á si sichs0 fhgs* ctgcgoij ctgcgo ijgs* gs* cgdths* èf èf{ih* g{tg* |hch* jkûks* cbhchj cbhchj* lhj lhjcãg---

Ásis "î ksx{ktoh) k Gsá  Gsá tis "hci "hciah)-

Aðaih

ok Mklktii* ks~gsh og lhthó  Hebkmhgm-

^im{th tkjifigsh "hg jhog) k _{ _{hmeha hmehagm gm "hciah) "hciah)--

Htk kfá~ kfá~c cih0 si siadó adóji jich ch ~gt krckj krckjàmc àmciih H htx{i htx{ik{th* h ~im{th ~im{th k hs g{ths htks* mg Kfig Kfig Hmif Hmifg* g* mãg mãg lgt lgtha ha h~kmhs ims~i ms~ithohs thohs ~kjh tkjifi tkjifiãg ãg ¸ ktha imsk~ msk~htè| htè|kis okj okjhH htk kfá~c fá~cih kth* ~gt issg* ~tgl{mohakmk siadóji adójichch- _gohs hs tk~ tk~tkskmhæûks ktha tk~j tk~jkhs khs ok sifm ifmil ichogs chogs x{k x{k h`{o h`{oh h|ha h chth chthc ckt ktip ipht ht hs l if{t if{ths hs** h ksh kshdk dkjjkckt má|k á|kis biktètx{i ktètx{icgs k h oksctk| oksctk|kt akj akjbgt hs si si{hæûksH bikthtx{i kthtx{ih sgcihj k tkjifi tkjifigsh gsh tho{ tho{pi pi{! {!sk sk** mh tk~ tk~tkskm tkskmh hæã æãg g ht htá si sich* hg sktka htid{á  d{á ogs ogs |hti htihogs ogs hah hahmb mbgs gs îs oilktkmks ~ktsgmhf ktsgmhfkms* cgmlgta cgmlgtak k s{h ia~gtämci gtämcih mh ksch kschjjh sgci gcihj0 g lhthó* ~gthm gthmg* g* kth ska~ ska~tk hx{kj hx{kjk tk~ tk~tkskmhog cga h l if{th if{th ahi ahigt* gt* okmtg ok {ah ckmhMh htk kfá~c fá~cih mãg bh|ih |ih tk~ tk~tkskm tkskmhæã hæãg g ok ~kts~ kts~kci| kci|h* h* cgag cgag cgm cgmckdk ckdka ags bg`k bg`k00 hs l if{ths if{ths ktha ktha tk~ tk~tksk tkskm mho hoh hs ka o{hs o{hs oiakm kmsû sûks ks k hs iahf ahfkms h~ h~htkci htkciha ka cha chaho hoh hs km kml  l ijk ijkithohs g{ kmãg tkdhi tkdhiohs ~hth gs jhogs-

tifgtgshs gtgshs {shohs mh Jkis tif tk~ tk ~tkskmhæãg og cgt~ cgt~g b{ahmg G cgt~g b{ b{a ahmg* mg* ks~kci kcihjakmk g ok lif{ths if   {ths ia~gthmks* kth tk~ tk~tkskmhog {ijip {ijiphmog hmog ogi ogis ~gmgs ok |ish |ish si sia{ a{jjämk ämkgs gs** ok agog agog h glkt glktkck kcktt ahi ahigt imlgtahæãg k agstht h oif oifm miohok oh ~ktsgmhf ktsgmhfka0 gs gjbgs* gadtgs k óthr ktha cgj cg jgchogs |isgs |isgs ok ltkmk5 h chdkæh k hs ~ktmhs* |isgs |isgs ok ~ktl ijij Mh ht htk kfá~c fá~cih * h t k~ k~tkskmhæãg ~gt imki mkitg oh l if{th if{th b{ahmh gtf gtfhmip hmiph h|h!sk skf skf{mog h cbhahoh  ³tkf  ³tkfth ok ~tg~ tg~gtæãg¿* {a táfi táfiog og x{hoti x{hotic{j c{jhog cga okp ok pgig {mi {miohoks* skmog choh x{hotg cga h akoi akoioh og sk{ jhog if{h if{hjj î og okog hm{j hm{jht* g x{k fhthmi hthmih {ah tk~ tk~ki kiæãg tif tifgtgsh gtgsh oh lgtah iokhj okhj kfá~c fá~cih* ka x{hi x{hisx{kt kschj kschjhs k ~gsi gsiæûksG htish kfá~c fá~cig h~tkci tkcih|h a{ a{iig hs cgtks- Hs ksè{hs* gs hltkscgs* g imkti mktigt og ka~j ka~jgs gs k ogs ða{j ða{jgs ktha ktha krtka krtkahak hakmk mk cgj cgjgti gtiogs- Hs cgtks mãg c{a c{a~tiha h~km kmhs hs h s{h s{h l{mæ l{mæãg ãg ~tiaèti aètih ok okcg ok cgth thæã æãg* g* ahs ahs km kmcg cgm mth th| |ha!sk ha!sk chtt chttk kfhohs hohs ok siadgji adgjisagsag-

Ltgmh tgmhji jiohokohok-

Htx{iik{th kth agm{akmhj Htx{ agm{akmhj Gs kfá~c fá~cigs lgtha fthmok thmoks s cgmst cgmst{g {gtks tks-Cgmst{á  Cgmst{á tha tha ~hjèci ècigs agm{akmhi agm{akmhis* ka~j ka~jgs gs k ða{j ða{jgs^hth kj kjks g ða{j ða{jg kth g sk{ chskj chskjg ~hth h kktmi kktmiohok k ok| ok|kti ktih o{tht ~hth ska~ ska~tk- ^gt issg {sh| {sh|ha* mksshs cgmst{æûks* ahkti ahkt ihis ok krtkah o{thæãg* cgag h ~koth@è g aksag mãg hcgmkci hcgmkcih cga s{hs chshs* ~gis ktha lki lkihs ok i  `gj  i`gjgs k ~tkci tkcishti shtiha o{tht h~kmhs {ah |ioh|iohHé bg`k h htx{i htx{ik{th og Kfig Kfig Hmif Hmifg g ¸ cga s{hs ~itäa ~itäaiioks k ka~j ka~jgs gs ¸ é hoai hoaithoh* ~kjhs oiakm kmsû sûks ks** km kmf fkmbgsi kmbgsiohok* ctihi|i hi|io ohok k dkjjkphdk

Ksl imfk-

^itäa täaiioks-

G hti htish ¸ s! s!hmeb0 !hmeb0 g x{k oè |i |ioh oh Gs cti ctihogtks oh Htk kfá~ kfá~c cih cbkf cbkfha hgs oi oihs h{hi h{his* ka s{h ahi ahigti gtih* hmÿm mÿmiagsG hti htish kfá~ kfá~c cig mãg ia~{mbh {mbh {a skm skmiiog ok imoi|i moi|io{h o{hji jiohok ohok ka s{h gdth* ~gis klk{h| klk{h|h g thdhj thdhjbg ok hcgtog cga h kmcgakmoh* ththakmk hssi hssimh| mh|h g thdhj thdhjbg l imhj mhj k ska~ ska~tk c{a~ c{a~tih cga hs jia jiaihæû hæûks ks ok cti ctihi|i hi|iohok ohok ia~gshs ~kjhs tkf tkfths kséi kséichsKmtk mtkhm hmg g** g ht htish sh kth kth |is |isg cgag {a imoi|á  moi|á o{g o{g cga {ah htklh oi|i oi|imh mh ia~gthmk h krkc{ht krkc{ht-- ^hth ^hth hmg mkckss mkckssih| h|h ok cgm cgmh hg g cga g a{mog oi|i oi|img mg ~hth ~gokt tkckdkt s{h lgtæh cti ctihogt hogthh- Sk Ska a issg mãg skti sktih ~gssá| gssá|k kj gtmht |is |isá|k á|kj* hth| hth|és ok s{h s{h htk* htk* g cgmkðog cgmkðog ks~i ks~itti{hj {hj* g im|is |isá|k á|kjG ~tó~ tó~tig ktag ~hth oksif oksifmht mht ksk krkc{gt* s!hmeb* s!hmeb* sifm ifmil ich| ch|h* ~hth gs kfá~c fá~cigs*  ³hx{kj  ³hx{kjk x{k oè |ioh¿( |ioh¿(

^tèich ok jki{th* kscti ^tèi ksctih k hi|i h i|iohok ohok l á ás   ich kmtk gs `g| `g|kms Mg Kfig Kfig Hmif Hmifg* g* h kscti ksctih "bikgfjálich) bikgfjálich) imbh fthmok ia~gtämci gtämcih mg okskm| okskm|gj|iak j|iakmg mg ok hi|i hi|iohoks ohoks ok c{mbg shf shfthog k mg tkfi tkfistg stg og cgi cgioihmg hmg- H l if{th if{th og kscidh gc{~ gc{~h|h {ah ~gsi gsiæãg tks~kiè| è|kj hg jhog ok hjgs l{mci l{mcigmèti gmètigs* shcktogks k fkmkthi kmkthisGs `g|kms kfá~c fá~cigs* dka ckog* ktha imtgo{pi mtgo{piogs ogs mg cgmbkci cgmbkciakmg oh kscti ksctih k oh jki{thKadgth sk hctkoi hctkoik x{k g ~g|g ftkf tkfg kmbh siog g ~tiak akiitg h ~thi thicht k gtfhmip hmipht ht cga~ cga~ki kiæûks lá  sichs* mg kmhmg* hs tk~ tk~tksk tkskm mhæ hæûk ûks s ok ckmh ckmhs s ks~gti| gti|h h s x {k h~htkcka mhs ~htkoks ohs {adhs* ka~j ka~jgs* gs* gdkji gdkjis scgs cgs k |hsgs* ~tg| tg|ha x{k x{k lgt lgtha gs hmif hmifgs gs kfá~c fá~cigs gs ~tkc{ts tkc{tsgtks gtks ok a{ a{iigs ogs ks~ ks~gtks ~thi thichogs h{hj h{hjakmk-

Biktó któfji fjilgs lgs ka dhi dhirg!tk rg!tkjjk|g-

Hjlhdkg kfá~ kfá~c cig-

Bifi ifikmk kmk k c{i c{iohog cga g cgt~ cgt~g _hmg gs bgakms x{hmg hs a{j a{ jbktks og Hmif Hmifg g Kfig Kfig oh| oh|ha fthmok |hjg t î h~ h~htàmci htàmcih l á á sichch- Bèd Bèdigs gs ok bifikmk ifikmk k c{i c{iohogs cga h h~ h~htàmci htàmcih gc{~ gc{~h|ha dgh ~htk htk og ka~ ka~g ok bgakms k a{j a{jbktksHs ~im{ths ~im{ths mgs ða{j ða{jgs agstha g sk{ c{i c{iohog cga h agoh0 ~kt{c kt{chs hs** ahx{ hx{ijh ijhfka k |ks{èti ks{ètig- Gs cgsaéi cgsaé icgs mãg ktha cgmsi cgmsiokthogs s{~ s{~étl j{gs* ahs {ah {a h mk mkck ckss ssiiohok og oih h oih k hé aksag ~tgl ijè ij èiicgsG dhtdkht k g ok~ij ok~ijht ht ktha c{i c{iohogs ltkx{kmks- Hs a{jjbktks ahmi a{ ahmimbha gs chdkj chdkjgs c{tgs* a{i a{ihs |kpks ths~ ths~hog hogs cga cgag gs ogs ogs bgak bgakms ms-- Bh|i Bh|ih h had hadéa g bèdi bèdig og dhmbg* k* h~ h~ksht ok gs hmif hmifgs gs kfá~c fá~cigs mãg cgmbkcktka g shdãg* g s{dsi s{dsi{á  {á ha ha ~gt {ah sgj sgj{æãg sóoi sóoichH bkmh kth {ijip {ijiphoh hoh ~hth ksc{tkckt g chdkj chdkjg* i  imfit fit hs {mbhs k ~imht ~imht g cgt~ cgt~g- Ohahs hdhshohs ~gss{á  gss{á ha ha skt| skt|hs x{k h{riji h{rijih h|ha mkssks c{i c{iohogs oi oièti ètigsH m{okp m{okp mãg kth cgmsi cgmsiokthoh {a hd{* ~gt issg ssg hmg hmg bgakms x{hmg a{j a{jbktks ~gokti goktiha skt tkthhogs m{s* skmog x{k h m{okp m{okp ~htci htcihj tk| tk|kjh|h mhs ~im{ths* ~im{ths* g stht{s sgci sgcihj hs ~kssgh-

Aðsich k ohmæh Aðsi hcga~ hcga ~hmbh hmbh| |ha hs ckti cktiaÿm aÿmiihs

Mg Hmif Hmifg g Kfig Kfig** h að aðs sich k gs aðsi aðsicgs fgph|ha ok fthmok ~tksáfi tksáfig g okmtg oh cga{mi cga{miohok- _hmg mh aðsi aðsich tkjifi tkjifigsh* gsh* x{hmg mh ok f{ktth * hssi hssia cgag mh tk tkctkhi|h i|h* gs kfá~c fá~cigs oh|ha ~tklktàmci tklktàmcih îs kr~tkssû tkssûks ks kjk|hohs hohs k sktk sktkmh mhs* s* ohmog!j ohmog!jbk bks s ok oks shx hx{k {k mg c{j c{jg hgs hgs ok ok{s {sks ks** mgs mgs dhmx{kks k ckti cktiaÿmi aÿmihsH aðsi aðsich kth ~thi thichoh ka cgj cgjki|i ki|iohok* ohok* imcj mcj{si| {si|k* k* cga h ~hti htici~hæãg i~hæãg lkai lkaimimhMg Kfi Kfig* h tkjifi tkjifiãg ãg krktck{ fthmok iml j{kmci {kmcih mh ohmæh* mh aðsi aðsich cgag ka gohs hs okahi okah is htks\imk séc{j séc{jgs hmks oh kth cti ctisã* `è sk tkhjip tkhjiph h|ha* ohmæhs ka bgakmhf bgakmhfka hg ok{s Gsá  Gsá tis* ok{s oh hftic{j c{j{th k oh lktiji lktijiohokohok-

 `kehekjj4