edafologia INFOMRE

Edafología “Estudio de suelos en Junín Calicatas La Merced – La Oroya

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FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA GEOGRÁFICA, AMBIENTAL Y ECOTURISMO. ECOTURISMO. Escuela de Ingene!"a A#$en%al TEMA& Estudios de suelos

'un"n& La Me!ced ( Ta!#a ) La O!*+a.

CURSO&

Eda*l*g"a

-ROFESOR& Ing. Bengn* G#e/ Esc!$a

AULA&

B0(1

SECCI2N&

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3B4


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INTEGRANTES&

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ARENAS CORTES, JESÚS

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ERAZO PELAYEZ, RAYMUNDO

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ORAHULIO SOTO, CYNTHIA EMELY

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RAMOS FASANADO, EDUARDO

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RABORG VILLEGAS, CLARAJULIA

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SERNA VEGA, SALLY SHAKIRA

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SALINAS LEÓN, JANK CARLOS

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VCENTE TAPIA,

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ÍNDICE

I.

INTRODUCCIÓN

II.

OBJETIVOS

III. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA LITERATURA IV. IV. V.

MATERIALES MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS RESULTADOS

VI.

DISCUSIÓN DISCUSIÓ N DE RESULT RESULTADOS

VII.

CONCLUSIONES

VIII.

RECOMENDACIONES

IX.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

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I.

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INTRODUCCIÓN

Des Dese e !"e# !"e#$% $%ss &'!" &'!"() ()%s %s e* +%#, +%#,--e +& )!"* )!"*" "& &% % -e/ e/))-s% s%ss #) #) "#$%-!&'!es e'!-e e**%s e* s)e*% )e !&* e s"' #"e% & e)"%/&-'%s es )'% e *%s #3s "#$%-!&'!es $&-& *& +)#&'"& & )e es ')es!-% s%$%-!e  & *& e ')!-e ')es!-& "&. E* s)e*% es #) "#$%-!&'!e $&-& & *& &(-"/)*!)-&4 /%#% $&-& *& /%'s!-)//"5' e ""e'&s. Es $%- !&* #%!"% )e e* $-ese'!e es!)"% -e&*"&% e' *%s "s!-"!%s e L& MeMe-/e /e   L& O-% O-%& & e' e* e$& e$&-! -!&# &#e' e'!% !% e J)'6 J)'6' ' !)% !)% /% /%#% #% 7'&*"& $%e- /%'%/e- *&s /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s e es!%s s)e*%s )e $)e& $e-#"!"- e* )s%4 #&'e8%  /%'se-&/"5' e* -e/)-s% s)e*%4 e #&'e-& s%s!e'",*e. T-&,&8&'% !&#,"9' $&-&*e*&#e'!e /%' e* 7' e /%'%/e- s) (9'es"s4 /*&s"7/&/"5'  /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s e /&& !"$% e s)e*%. A /%'!"')&/"5' se &-3 e* es&--%**% e* "':%-#e e* !-&,&8% e /&#$% -e&*"&% e* 2; e O/!),-e e* $-ese'!e &<% e' e* e$&-!&#e'!% e J)'6' e' *&s *%/&*"&es #e'/"%'&&s. #e'/"%'&&s. =&-& e* es&--%**% e *& $-3/!"/& se +"% )' -e/%'%/"#"e'!% e *& %'& /%' e* 7' e '% &<&- *%s -e/)-s%s e es& %'& !&#,"9' se !%#5 e' /)e'!& &-"%s $)'!%s /*&e e' e* es&--%**% e* $e-7* e* s)e*% /%#% *& $e' $e'"e "e'! '!e4 e4 ),"/ ),"/&/ &/"5 "5' '  $%s" $%s"/" /"5' 5' e* e* s% s%*4 *4 '&$& '&$& :-e3 :-e3!" !"/& /&44 /*"# /*"#& &  !e#$e-&!)-&> $&-& $%e- -e&*"&- )' !-&,&8% &$-%$"&%  $-e/"s%. L& $-3/!"/& -e&*"&& es/-",e )'& se-"e e $-%/e"#"e'!%s  #9!%%s $&-& %,se-&-  e!e-#"'&- &*()'&s $-%$"e&es e* s)e*% /%#% s%'? *& !e@!)-&4 es!-)/!)-&4 /%'s"s!e'/"&  *& $-ese'/"& e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&  /& /&-, -,%' %'&! &!%s %s44 & s) e e /% /%'% '%/e /e-- *%s *%s ":e ":e--e'!e e'!ess !e@! !e@!))-&s &s e *&s *&s Página ;


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":e-e'!es #)es!-&s %,!e'"&s e *%s +%-"%'!es e* s)e*% e' $e-7* -e&*"&% e' e* /&#$%. L& es/-"$/"5' e *%s $e-7*es e *%s s)e*%s4 "')e'/"&%s $%- *%s :&/!%-es e :%-#&/"5' e s)e*%4  es!%s :&/!%-es s%' "e-s%s e' *&s -e("%'es '&!)-&*es e* =e-. C%#$*e#e'!&-

/%'%/"#"e'!%s

$-e"&#e'!e

&)"-"%s

e

/&-&/!e-6s!"/&s :6s"/&s4 )6#"/&s  ,"%*5("/&s e* s)e*%4 $&-& !e'e- )'& "s"5' "'!e(-&*. As"#"s#% "'!e-$-e!&- *%s ":e-e'!es +%-"%'!es e' e* $e-7* e* s)e*%4 -e/%'%/e- *%s !"$%s e s)e*%4 e!e-#"'&- e* $%!e'/"&*4 s) &$!"!)4 #&'e8%  /%'se-&/"5' e es!e -e/)-s% "#$%-!&'!es. T&#,"9' es "#$%-!&'!e -e&*"&- )' -e/%'%/"#"e'!% 7s"%(-37/%  (e%#%-:%*5("/% e *& %'& e es!)"%4 &'&*"&'% *&s :%-#&s (e%(-37/&s &/!)&*es  *%s :&/!%-es )e "'!e-"'"e-%' e' *& e*&,%-&/"5' e e**&s.

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II.

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OBJETIVOS

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Re/%'%/e- *%s :&/!%-es e :%-#&/"5' e s)e*% e' S"e--&  Se*&.

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D"s!"'()"- &s$e/!%s #%-:%*5("/%s4 7s"%(-37/%s  (e%*5("/%s e' es!&s -e("%'es.

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A$e-!)-&- /&*"/&!&s $&-& *& es/-"$/"5' e *%s $e-7*es e s)e*%s.

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Des/-","- *&s /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s :6s"/&s4 )6#"/&s  ,"%*5("/&s e' *%s +%-"%'!es e* $e-7* e s)e*%.

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Lee- e "'!e-$-e!&- *%s ":e-e'!es $e-7*es e'/%'!-&%s e' es!&s -e("%'es.

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III. REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA Procesos edafológicos

E&:%*%(6& es e* es!)"% e *%s s)e*%s4 e' )' &s$e/!%4 es )'& -&#& e *& (e%*%(6&4 $)es!% )e se "'!e-es& $%- *%s es!-&!%s s)$e-7/"&*es e* -e(%*"!%4 e' e* /)&* &/%'!e/e' *& #&%- $&-!e e *%s $-%/es%s "#$%-!&'!es e #e!e%-"&/"5'  e')&/"5'4 e' %!-% &s$e/!%4 es e* es!)"% e *&s $-%$"e&es :6s"/&s  )6#"/&s e )' /%#$*"/&% s"s!e#& /%*%"&*  e' )' !e-/e- &s$e/!%4 es e* es!)"% e )'& %-&  )'& :&)'& /%#$*e8&s e' -e*&/"5' /%' s) #e"% &#,"e'!e4 e* s)e*%. Es!%s !-es &s$e/!%s es!3' 6'!"#&#e'!e *"(&%s4 $)es!% )e /%'%/"#"e'!% e s) %-"(e'  #e!&#%-:%s"s e *%s s)e*%s "#$*"/& *& /%#$-e's"5' e *& /%'s!"!)/"5' e* #"s#%4 )e es!3' es!-e/+&#e'!e -e*&/"%'&%s /%' *& #"/-%,"%*%(6& e* s)e*%. A/!)&*#e'!e se /%'s"e-& & *& E&:%*%(6& /%#% )'& -&#& "'e$e'"e'!e  !-&!&& /%#% )'& /"e'/"& )e se e"/& &* es!)"% e *& (9'es"s  /%'s!"!)/"5' e *%s s)e*%s  e* es&--%**% 7*%s57/% e /*&s"7/&/"5'. E* &&'/e #3s "#$%-!&'!e e' *& E&:%*%(6& )-&'!e *%s *!"#%s &<%s +& s"% -e/%'%/e- e* $e-7* e* s)e*% /%#% )'"& ,3s"/& e es!)"%. =%- e**% es 'e/es&-"% #"-&- & *& E&:%*%(6& /%#% "'!e(-&& $%- %s (-&'es $-%/es%s4 es e/"-4 1 *%s $-%/es%s e #e!e%-"&/"5' )e &' %-"(e' &* #&!e-"&* %-"("'&*  2 e* es&--%**% e* $e-7* e* s)e*% & $&-!"e* #&!e-"&* %-"("'&* :%-#&% $%- *& #e!e%-"&/"5'. =%- e**% es 'e/es&-"% &,&'%'&- e* /%'/e$!% e )e *& e&:%*%(6& se /%'7'& s%*% & *&s $-%:)'"&es &*/&'&&s $%- *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s  s)8e!&s & *& *&,-&'& $%- e* /)*!"&%-. Página 


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Suelo

E* s)e*% es e* -es)*!&% e *& &*!e-&/"5' s)$e-7/"&* e *&s -%/&s4 /%#% /%'se/)e'/"& e *& &//"5' s%,-e e**&s e $-%/es%s :6s"/%s4 )6#"/%s  ,"%*5("/%s. E* s)e*% es )'& #e/*& e #&!e-"&*es $&-/"&*#e'!e es/%#$)es!%s  e #"'e-&*es "'%-(3'"/%s. E' *& :%-#&/"5' e )' s)e*% "'!e-"e'e' "e-s%s :&/!%-es4 :6s"/%s % #e/3'"/%s4 )e es *& es"'!e(-&/"5' e *&s -%/&s>  )6#"/%s4 )e es *& es/%#$%s"/"5' e *%s #&!e-"&*es /%#% /%'se/)e'/"& e -e&//"%'es )6#"/&s> es!%s :&/!%-es :6s"/% )6#"/%s4 /%'s!"!)&' -e&*#e'!e e* $-%/es% e *& #e!e%-"&/"5'. L%s :&/!%-es ,"%*5("/%s "'/*)e' *& &//"5' e *%s %-(&'"s#%s )e "e' e' 9*? ,&/!e-"&s4 +%'(%s4 $*&'!&s  !%%s *%s &'"#&*es )e "e' &**64 $-"'/"$&*#e'!e ()s&'%s.

E* s)e*% es *& ,&se e !%%s *%s e/%s"s!e#&s !e--es!-es. E.M Bridges y L.R, Ode!an, "###

L& ,"%*%(6& e* s)e*% es!)"& *%s #"/-%%-(&'"s#%s )e "e' e' e* s)e*%4 s)s :)'/"%'es  &/!""&es. A'!es e "'!-%)/"-'%s e' e* es!)"% e *%s #"/-%%-(&'"s#%s ese&#%s #e'/"%'&- )e ese es!)"% se &$%& e' "s!"'!&s -&#&s e *& /"e'/"& $&-& $%e- -es%*e$-%,*e#&s> &s6 *& )6#"/&  *& :6s"/& e *%s s)e*%s s%' %s e s)s &*"&%s #3s 7-#es4 s"' es/%'%/e- e* &$%% )e ,-"'&' *& #&!e#3!"/&  *& )6#"/& ,"%*5("/& e' e* $-%(-es% e es!& "s/"$*"'&. E' /%'se/)e'/"&4 /)&'% es!)"&#%s *%s #"/-%%-(&'"s#%s e* s)e*% e,e#%s !e'e- $-ese'!e )e es!&#%s es!)"&'% )'& e *&s -&#&s e *&s /"e'/"&s '&!)-&*es  !&#,"9'4 -e/%-&- )e e' *& '&!)-&*e& !e'e#%s %,8e!%s !&*es /%#% 3-,%*es4 -%/&s % $e-s%'& )e **&#&#%s /)e-$%s. E* /%#$%'e'!e /%#' e *%s /)e-$%s es *& #&!e-"&.

Bi$$g%a de S&e$ Es'ri($ )$r Mar'e$ A. Sagard$y * Mar%a E. Mand$esi

HE* /%'8)'!% $&-!6/)*&s '&!)-&*es s%,-e *& /%-!e& !e--es!-e )e s"-e e s%$%-!e & *&s $*&'!&s4 /%' )' *6#"!e "':e-"%- )e /%"'/"e /%' e* e *%s #"'e-&*es "'/%'s%*"&%s % #&!e-"&*es %-(3'"/% )e se e'/)e'!-& e' *& %'& e -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s $e-e''es> %4 %'e se +&' es&--%**&% +%-"%'!e "#$e'e!-&,*es & *& -&6/es4 *& /&$& s)$e-"%- e *& /%-!e& !e--es!-e )e $%see $-%$"e&es ":e-e'!es e *& -%/& "':-&&/e'!e4 /%#% -es)*!&% e "'!e-&//"%'es e'!-e /*"#&4 %-(&'"s#%s "%s4 -%/&s #&-e  -e*"ee”. USDA "#+

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M&es(re$ y des'ri)'i-n de s&e$s Es'ri($ )$r J. M. $ds$n, J. P&igde/a0regas T$!as

Factores y procesos que intervienen en la formación del suelo

E' e* es&--%**%  :%-#&/"5' e* s)e*% "'!e-"e'e' ')#e-%s%s !"$%s e $-%/es%s4 &*()'%s e e**%s s%' e !"$% $&s"%> %!-%s s%' &(e'!es &/!"%s. L%s /"'/% $-"'/"$&*es :%-#&%-es e* s)e*% s%'?     

L& #&!e-"& #&-e4 E* -e*"ee % !%$%(-&:6& E* !"e#$%. E* /*"#& A/!""& ,"%*5("/&.

E* $-"#e-% e *%s :%-#&%-es e* s)e*% e !"$% $&s"% es e* #&!e-"&* #&-e4 es e/"-4 e* #&'!%4 & se& -es")&* % !-&'s$%-!&%4 e -%/& "s(-e(&& )e /%'s!"!)e *& #&%- $&-!e e* s)e*%. U'& e@/e$/"5' & *& -e(*& (e'e-&* e )e e* !"$% e s)e*% '% e$e'e e* #&!e-"&* #&-e4 *& e'/%'!-&#%s e' *%s s)e*%s 85e'es )e '% +&' !e'"% s)7/"e'!e !"e#$% $&-& es&--%**&-se. O!-% :%-#&%- e* s)e*% e !"$% $&s"% es e* -e*"ee % !%$%(-&:6&4 /)&'% )'& $e'"e'!e es &/)s&&4 *& e-%s"5' s)$e-7/"&* $%es/%--e'!6& es #3s -3$"&  *& $e'e!-&/"5' e* &()& es #e'%- )e e' $e'"e'!es #3s s)&es. Es!% s"('"7/& )e e* s)e*% se-3 !&'!% #3s e*(&% /)&'!% #3s &()& se& )'& $e'"e'!e. L&s 3-e&s **&'&s  &*!&s Página 


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&/)#)*&' )' s)e*% (-)es%4 )e !"e'e )'& /&$& &#$*"&  e's& e &-/"**&  )e es!3 e@/es"&#e'!e *"@""&%. E' !"e--&s **&'&s  ,&8&s4 !&#,"9' $%see' s)e*%s (-)es%s4 $e-% es!3' $%,-e#e'!e *"@""&%s  s%' e /%*%- %s/)-%. A)64 *& *"@""&/"5'4 -e!&-& *& es/%#$%s"/"5' e *& e(e!&/"5'  +&/e )e se &/)#)*e e* +)#)s. O!-% &s$e/!% e *& "')e'/"& e* -e*"ee es *& %-"e'!&/"5' e *& s)$e-7/"e /%' -es$e/!% & *%s -&%s e* s%*. Y& )e &)e**&s %-"e'!&&s &* S)- K$e'"e'!es4 es!3' e@$)es!&s & *%s e:e/!%s /&*%-67/%s  ese/&'!es e *& *) s%*&-4 $%see' ":e-e'!es !"$%s e e(e!&/"5'> #"e'!-&s )e &)e**&s %-"e'!&&s &* N%-!e4 /%'se-&' e* :-6%  *& +)#e& )-&'!e #3s !"e#$%. U' !e-/e- :&/!%- $&s"% )e "'!e-"e'e e' *& :%-#&/"5' e* s)e*%4 es e* !"e#$%. Se "/e )e )' s)e*% es #&)-% /)&'% +&' &/!)&% s%,-e 9* !%%s *%s $-%/es%s )' !"e#$% *% ,&s!&'!e *&-(% $&-& +&,ees&--%**&% )' $e-7* )e /&#,"&-3 s5*% e #%% "#$e-/e$!",*e e' e* :)!)-%. M"e'!-&s )e se /%'s"e-& & )' s)e*% 8%e'4 & &)e* )e +& e%*)/"%'&% & $&-!"- e e$5s"!%s e %-"(e' )"&* % (*&/"&*4 e' es!%s s)e*%s *%s +%-"%'!es /&-&/!e-6s!"/%s es!3' $%/% es&--%**&%s % :&*!&' $%- /%#$*e!%. De !%%s *%s $-%/es%s )e "'!e-"e'e' &/!"&#e'!e e' e* es&--%**% e* s)e*%4 e* /*"#& es )"3s e* #3s "#$%-!&'!e. E' e* $e-7* (e'e-&* e )' s)e*%4 e* es$es%-4 *& $-ese'/"&  /%#$%s"/"5' e *%s +%-"%'!es &-6& e' :)'/"5' e* !"$% e s)e*%  *&s /%'"/"%'es /*"#3!"/&s "#$e-&'!es e' *& ),"/&/"5' (e%(-37/&.

Composición de los suelos

C%'s"e-&'% &* s)e*% /%#% )' #&!e-"&* s)s /%#$%'e'!es ese'/"&*es s%'? =%- )'& :-&//"5' "'%-(3'"/& % #"'e-&*4 -es)*!&'!e e *& &*!e-&/"5' :6s"/%)6#"/& e *& -%/&4 e' /"e-!% #%% -ee8& *& /%#$%s"/"5' e* s),s!-&!% $e-% $)ee $-ese'!&- ":e-e'/"&s s" e@"s!e' #&!e-"&*es )e +&&' s"% &--&s!-&%s +&s!& &**6  #e/*&%s /%' *%s e@"s!e'!es  es!3 /%'s!"!)"& $%- $&-!6/)*&s e "e-s%s !&#&<%s ese /&'!%s4 (-&&s +&s!& $&-!6/)*&s s), #"/-%s/5$"/&s e &-/"**& )e "e'e' & se- e* res&(ad$ de a !e(e$ri1a'i-n 2&%!i'a )rin'i)a!en(e de a 3idr-isis, 2&e e '$n4ere a $s s&e$s )r$)iedades '$!$ a )as(i'idad y a '$3esi-n. L& :-&//"5' %-(3'"/& :%-#&& $%- -es")%s e *& e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&*. Es!3 $-ese'!e $-"'/"$&*#e'!e e' :%-#& e #&!e-"&* &#%-:% e /%*%%s/)-% % +)#)s4 -es)*!&'!e e *& &//"5' e *&s $*&'!&s  &'"#&*es4 es!3 /%#$)es!& $%- #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& e' es/%#$%s"/"5'4 e' s) #&%$&-!e e #&!e-"& e(e!&* e' *& )e se $)ee -e/%'%/e- :-&(#e'!%s e -es!%s e $*&'!& '% es/%#$)es!&s? +%8&s4 !&**%s4 -&6/es  se#"**&s4 $e-% e* 0 &* 0 e *& #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& e *%s s)e*%s se e'/)e'!-& e' Página 


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es!&% +#"/%  e s) $-%$%-/"5' e$e'e *& /&*"& e* s)e*%4 &e#3s e se- :)e'!e "#$%-!&'!e e ')!-"e'!es e(e!&*es4 e* +)#)s $%!e'/"& *& /&$&/"& e* s)e*% $&-& -e!e'e- e* &()&. A()& e* s)e*%4 )e /%'!"e'e s)s!&'/"&s % ')!-"e'!es e' s%*)/"5' /%*%"&* % e' e-&e-& s%*)/"5'. E* /%'s!"!)e'!e /%*%"&* se $-ese'!& /%#'#e'!e e' $e*6/)*&s4 /&$&s % &(-e(&%s "'e$e'"e'!es4 es!& #&!e-"& es!3 /%'s!"!)"& $%- #"'e-&*es "'s%*),*es. L%s /%#$%'e'!es e' s%*)/"5' s%' *&s s&*es )e es!3' !%!&*#e'!e "s%/"&&s e' s)s "%'es /%#$%'e'!es /%#% /&*/"%4 #&('es"%4 $%!&s"%. Ae#3s e $-%$%-/"%'&- *& +)#e& $&-& &/!"&- *&s -e&//"%'es )6#"/&s4 !&#,"9' $-%$%-/"%'& *%s ')!-"e'!es & *&s $*&'!&s. E* &"-e e* s)e*%4 %/)$& *%s es$&/"%s $%-%s%s '% -e**e'%s e &()&  es a /&en(e de $5%gen$ y de di-5id$ de 'ar0-ni'$ (a!0i6n s$n ne'esari$s )ara a )an(as4 $%- !&'!% es e$e'"e'!e  s) /%#$%s"/"5' &-6& $&-& )' #"s#% s)e*%. L%s $-"'/"$&*es &s$e/!%s $%*%s )e "7e-e e *& &!#5s:e-& *",-e s%'? & /%'!"e'e )'& $-%$%-/"5' e &'+6-"% /&-,5'"/% #)/+% #&%-4 , es!3 s&!)-&% /%' &$%- e &()& e@/e$!% e' s)e*%s e &"-e se/%  / /%'!"e'e #e'%s %@6(e'%  '"!-5(e'%. L&s $-%$%-/"%'es #3s &*!&s e &'+6-"% /&-,5'"/% se +&' +&**&% e' s)e*%s -"/%s e' #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&4 !&'!% $%- *& es/%#$%s"/"5' ,"%*5("/&4 /%#% $%- *& -es$"-&/"5' e *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s /%'s!"!)&' e* $-"'/"$&* #e"%4 )e & s) e es &(%!&% $%- *& :%!%s6'!es"s  -e(e'e-&% e' *& &!#5s:e-&. Estructura de los suelos

L%s :&/!%-es )e "'!e-"e'e' e' *& :%-#&/"5' e* s)e*% &/!&' ese *& s)$e-7/"e +&/"& &,&8%4 e,"% & e**% *&s &-"&/"%'es e /%#$%s"/"5'4 /%*%-4 es!-)/!)-&4 !e@!)-& &-6&' (-&)&*#e'!e +&/"& &,&8%. Es!&s ":e-e'/"&s )e se &/e'!&' /%' e* !"e#$%4 ""e' &* s)e*% e' %'&s4 /&$&s ) +%-"%'!es. E' *%s s)e*%s se "s!"'()e' /"'/% %'&s #) #&-/&&s4 !&#,"9' **&#&&s H+%-"%'!es”4 )e /),-e' e* $e-7* ese *& s)$e-7/"e +&s!& *& -%/& 7-#e s"' &*!e-&-4 -e/",e' *& es"('&/"5' e HO”4 HA”4 HE”4”B”  HC” )e s%' /%#)'es e' /*"#&s !e#$*&%s  )e &-6&' e )' &#,"e'!e & %!-% !&'!% e' /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s /%#% e' e@!e's"5' e* +%-"%'!e. E* 3$ri1$n(e 7O8, e' *& $&-!e s)$e-7/"&* es e /%*%- %s/)-% & 'e(-%4 e,"% & *& (-&' /&'!"& e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& -e/%'%/",*e /%#% +%8&s s)e*!&s  %!-%s -es!%s %-(3'"/%s4 e,&8% )'& /&$& e /%*%- 'e(-% /%'s!"!)"& e +)#)s )e es e* -es)*!&% e *& es/%#$%s"/"5' !%!&* e #&!e-"& e(e!&*4 &e#3s es!e +%-"%'!e /%'!"e'e & *& "& #"/-%s/5$"/& /%#% +%'(%s4 ,&/!e-"&s4 &*(&s4 )e $-%$%-/"%'&' %@6(e'%4 "5@"% e /&-,%'%4 *%s 3/"%s %-(3'"/%s $-%$"/"%s $&-& e* es&--%**% e* s)e*%. Es!e +%-"%'!e '% es!3 es&--%**&% e' *%s s)e*%s e -e("%'es es9-!"/&s  e' *&s *&!e-"!&s.

Página 10


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E* 3$ri1$n(e 7A8, es e* +%-"%'!e #"'e-&* #3s s)$e-7/"&*4 :%-#&% $%- $&-!6/)*&s 7'&s e &-e'&  &-/"**&  &*(% e +)#)s4 )e *& &()& e **)"& &* $e'e!-&-4 &--&s!-&' +&/"& &,&8% *%s /%#$)es!%s /%*%"&*es  s&*es s%*),*es4 & es!e $-%/es% e *&&% se e'%#"'& e*)"&/"5'4 e,"% es!e e#$%,-e/"#"e'!% e *&s s)s!&'/"&s4 & es!e +%-"%'!e se *& **&#& %'& e *"@""&/"5'. E* 3$ri1$n(e 7E8 se e'/)e'!-& $%- e,&8% e* +%-"%'!e A4 es e /%*%/*&-%  '% /%'!"e'e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&. E* 3$ri1$n(e 7B8 es *& **&#&& %'& e e$%s"/"5'. Es e* '"e* "'!e-#e"% e* s)e*%  !"e'e )' (-%s%- &-"&,*e. S) /%*%- es $&-% -%8"% % &#&-"**e'!%4 e,"% & *& $-ese'/"& e 5@"%s e +"e--%  & *& &)se'/"& e +)#)s. L& $-ese'/"& e *& &*#"'& /%*%"&* *e & )' &s$e/!% $%-%s%  $*3s!"/%. E' es!e +%-"%'!e s)e*e $-e/"$"!&- /&-,%'&!% e /&*/"%4 :%-#&'% /%s!-&s )e se e'%#"'&' H/&*"/+e”. E* 3$ri1$n(e 7C” es #3s $-%:)'%  /%--es$%'e & )'& %'& !-&'s"/"%'&* & *& -%/& #&-e )e & %-"(e' &* s)e*%  :%-#& e* s),s!-&!%. Es!3 :%-#&% e' s) #&%- $&-!e $%- &,)'&'!e #&!e-"&* s)e*!%4 e#,e,"% e' )'& #&!-" e &-e'&  &-/"**& )e !e-#"'& /)&'% /%#"e'& *& -%/& 7-#e % -%/& #&-e.

Página 11

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RESULTADOS DEL AN9LISIS DE SUELOS DE LA MERCED ANE:O VILLA PRO;RESO Ta0a N< "= Anáisis ee!en(a 7Via Pr$gres$ La Mer'ed8 $ri1$

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Página 1

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Página 2


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Textura del suelo

Es )'& $-%$"e& e-"&& e* !&#&<% e *&s $&-!6/)*&s e* s)e*%. Es!&

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e@$-es&&s e' $%-/e'!&8e. S) "#$%-!&'/"& -es"e e' )e *& e*%/"&  #&('"!) e #)/+&s -e&//"%'es % /&#,"%s :6s"/%s4 )6#"/%s  ,"%*5("/%s )e %/)--e' e' e* s)e*% es!3' (%,e-'&&s $%*& !e@!)-&4 & )e 9s!& e!e-#"'& *& s)$e-7/"e e' )e !"e'e' *)(&*%s /&#,"%s. L& !e@!)-& "')e'/"& *%s !-&,&8%s e "'(e'"e-6&4 e* /-e/"#"e'!% e *&s $*&'!&s  *& (9'es"s e *%s s)e*%s. Estructura del suelo

L& es!-)/!)-& se e7'e /%#% *& #&'e-& e' *& /)&* *&s $&-!6/)*&s se -e'e' e' :%-#& e &(-e(&%s. U' &(-e(&% '&!)-&* e "'"")&* se **&#& )' H$e”. E* e@!e-"%- e &*()'%s &(-e(&%s !"e'e )'& $e*6/)*& 7'& & #e')% %s/)-& )e $%s",*e#e'!e /%'!-",)e & #&'!e'e- e* &(-e(&% "'"")&*. L& /*&s"7/&/"5' es!-)/!)-&* e* s)e*%4 se ,&s& $-"'/"$&*#e'!e e' K1 *& :%-#&  &--e(*% )e es *& e@$-es"5' e* !"$%4 K2 e' e* !&#&<% )e es "'"/&/"5' e *& /*&se  K; *& "s!"'()","*"&  )-&,"*"& e *%s &(-e(&%s "s",*es % $es4 )e es *& e@$-es"5' e* (-&%. E* (-&% e"e'/"& e* es&--%**% es!-)/!)-&*4 e@$-es& *& ":e-e'/"&* e'!-e *& /%+es"5' e'!-% e *%s $es  *& &+es"5' e'!-e $es. E* (-&% &-6& /%' e* /%'!e'"% e +)#e& e* s)e*%  se e@$-es& #e8%/)&'% se/% e' !9-#"'%s !&*es /%#%? s"' es!-)/!)-&4 9,"*4 #%e-&&  :)e-!e. L& "#$%-!&'/"& e *& es!-)/!)-& e* s)e*% -es"e e' s)? -e*&/"5' /%' *& $-e$&-&/"5' e s)-/%s4 -e*&/"5' /%' *& e-%s"5'4 "')e e' *& &"-e&/"5'  e' *& &,s%-/"5' e &()&.

Página 


Departamento de Junín

M&$& 1? De$&-!&#e'!% e J)'6'

Página 

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IV.

”

MATERIALES ? M@TODOS

IV.". MATERIALES= • • • • • •

L&#$& =&*&'& ="/% ="/%!& B%*s& A()&

• • • • • •

P/"% C*%-+6-"/% =e-5@"% e O@"(e'% C3#&-& C"'!& #9!-"/& L&$"/e-%s L",-e!&

IV.. METODOLO;A •

A)er(&ra de 'ai'a(as=

A'!es e /%#e'&- & /&&- e,e#%s &se()-&-'%s e )e *& $&-!e #3s *&-(& K2# se& *& )e )ee e :-e'!e & *& s&*"& e* S%* K$%s"/"5' Es!e ) O-"e'!e. Página 10


”

L&s #e"&s e *& /&*"/&!& &-6&' e *& /&*"/&!& NQ 1 & *& /&*"/&!& NQ  e,"% & *&s ":e-e'/"&s e* !"$% e s)e*%  *& -es"s!e'/"& & *& *&,-&'&. C&*"/&!& NQ 1? A'/+%? 1# 4 L&-(%? 2 #  =-%:)'"&? 2# C&*"/&!& NQ ? A'/+%? 1# 4 L&-(%? 2 #  =-%:)'"&? 1#. Se e*"#"!& /%' e* $"/% *&s "#e's"%'es e *& /&*"/&!&4 $%s!e-"%-#e'!e4 /%#e'&#%s & /&&-4 &/)#)*&'% *& !"e--& e' )'& *&!e-&* e *& /&*"/&!&. E* *&% %'e se !%#&-3 *e/!)-& e* $e-7* e,e es!&- $e-$e'"/)*&- &* :%'% e *& /&*"/&!&. L& *e/!)-& e* $e-7* se -e&*"& $%- *& $&-!e #3s &'(%s!& e *& /&*"/&!& -e&*"&&4 $-e:e-",*e#e'!e $%- %'e "*)#"'e #3s "-e/!&#e'!e e* s%*. L& s)$e-7/"e e* *&% %'e se !%#&-3 *& *e/!)-& e* $e-7* e,e $e-#&'e/e- "'!&/!& % e' s) es!&% '&!)-&* "'/*)s"e /%' !%& *& e(e!&/"5' e@"s!e'!e, es e/"-4 '% se e,e $"s&-4 '" $%'e- +e--&#"e'!& &*()'&4 '" &--%8&- !"e--&.

•

Es(i!a'i-n de %!i(e en(re $s 3$ri1$n(es=

L& es!"#&/"5' e'!-e *%s *6#"!es e *%s +%-"%'!es  *%s s), +%-"%'!es se -e&*"5 #e"&'!e *& &$*"/&/"5' e )'& :)e-& "'"/"&*#e'!e $e)e<& e' *& $"/%!& e' /)%s &)#e'!%s se $%'6& )'& e#&-/&/"5' )e s"('"7/&,& )' /&#,"% e $-%$"e&es :6s"/&s  $%- *% !&'!% e !"$% e +%-"%'!e. •

Pr$($'$$ )ara a ($!a de !&es(ras=

C)&'% & se +&,6& /)*#"'&% /%' *& -e&*"&/"5' e *& /&*"/&!&  *& "e'!"7/&/"5' e *%s +%-"%'!es4 se $-%/ee & !%#&- *&s #)es!-&s /%--es$%'"e'!es e' :%-#& &s/e'e'!e ese e* *!"#% '"e* +&s!& e* $-"#e-%. •

Anáisis (e5(&ra, !e'áni'$, gran&$!6(ri'$ de s&e$= Página 11


”

Us&#%s e* #9!%% e* +"-5#e!-% % e B%))/%s K% e* e's6#e!-% )e se ,&s& e' *& se"#e'!&/"5' /%'!"')& e *& s)s$e's"5' & !-&9s e* !"e#$%. E' /)&*)"e- #%#e'!% *& e's"& e *& s)s$e's"5' es #3s ,&8& /e-/& e *& s)$e-7/"e  se "'/-e#e'!& +&/"& e* :%'%. =&-& e* /&s% e* &'3*"s"s !e@!)-&* *&s $&-!6/)*&s /%'s"e-&&s s%' #e'%-es e 2 ##. Es e/"- se &6s*&' *%s :-&(#e'!%s e -%/& % #%"7/&%-es !e@!)-&*es. =-%/e"#"e'!%s? 

L& #)es!-& e* s)e*% se se/& &* &"-e4 se !-"!)-&  *)e(% se !&#"& $%- )' !&#" % #&**& e 2##4 %,!e'"9'%se *& !"e--& 7'& &* &"-e. Se se$&-&' *&s $"e-&s  -&6/es e $*&'!&s )e )e&' e' e* !&#".



L& $-ese'/"& e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&  e /&-,%'&!%s e,e see*"#"'&& /%' &()& %@"(e'&&  /%' 3/"% /*%-+6-"/%4 -es$e/!"&#e'!e.



=es&- 0 (-&#%s e *& #)es!-& e* s)e*% se/&% &* &"-e.



C%*%/&- *& #)es!-& $es&& e' )' &s% !-&'s$&-e'!e e ,%/& #e"&. V"e-!& &()& es!"*&& e' e* &s%4 e8&'% *",-e *& !e-/e-& $&-!e s)$e-"%-. Se "e-!e e* /%'!e'"% e' *& $-%,e!& e B%)%)/%s4 &--&s!-&'% /%' e* :-&s/% *&&%- % $"/e!& !%&s *&s $&-!6/)*&s. C%' e* +"-5#e!-% e' *& $-%,e!&4 /%#$*e!&- +&s!& *& #&-/& /%' &()& +e-"& & !e#$e-&!)-& &#,"e'!e.





)"!&- e* +"-5#e!-%. T&$&- *& ,%/& e *& $-%,e!& /%' *& $&*#& e *& #&'%  &)&% /%' *& %!-& &("!&- &-"&s e/es.



De8&- *& $-%,e!& s%,-e *& #es&4 &* #"s#% !"e#$% )e se "s$&-& e* /-%'5#e!-%. Se "'!-%)/e e* +"-5#e!-% /)"&%s&#e'!e e' *& s)s$e's"5'  & *%s 0 se()'%s e &'%!&?

o

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Me"& e *& e's"& /%' e* +"-5#e!-%.. ' Te#$e-&!)-& e' C ..( %-& e' )e se /es% e &("!&-.

Se s&/& e* +"-5#e!-% e *& s)s$e's"5'  se e8& se"#e'!&es!&. A* /&,% e 2 +%-&s se )e*e & "'!-%)/"- e* +"-5#e!-%  se &'%!&? Me"& e *& e's"& /%' e* +"-5#e!-% ...'" o

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Te#$e-&!)-& e' C

.. ("

U'& e /%'%/"% s)s &*%-es e /4 / 14!  !1 se s)s!"!)e' e' *& s"()"e'!e :5-#)*&?



:  '  (   F .>+ 5 " H ar'ia. 

ar'ia.

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:  )$r'en(aGe de i!$

?  '"  ("   F .>+ 5 "

?  )$r'en(aGe de



:  ?  )$r'en(aGe de i!$. de arena.

L&eg$= "  :  )$r'en(aGe

0.;  :&/!%- e /%--e//"5' $%- (-&% e ":e-e'/"& e !e#$e-&!)-&. E8e#$*%? N e T"e#$ Le/!)-& Te#$e-& Le/!)#)es!- % e* !)-& & & "-5#e!C C%--e( % "& ; (- /# 0se (.

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Arena  +.#+ K Ar'ia  ".#+ K Li!$  ". K RANCO ARENOSO. 

Us&'% )' +"-5#e!-% es$e/"&* se -e&*"& %s *e/!)-&s e' s)s$e's"5'. L& $-"#e-& & *%s 0 se()'%s> e!e-#"'& *%s (-&#%s e *"#%  &-/"**& )e $e-#&'e/e' e' s)s$e's"5'4 & )e *& &-e'& K2.00 & 0.0 ##4 +& se"#e'!&%. De* $es% "'"/"&* e *& #)es!-& se s)s!-&e *& *e/!)-& -e&*"&& & *%s 0 se()'%s  & *%s (-&#%s e &-e'&. L& *e/!)-& -e&*"&& & *&s 2 +%-&s e!e-#"'& *%s (-&#%s e &-/"**& K,&8% 0.002 ## e' *& #)es!-&. E* *"#% K0.0 & 0.002 ##4 se /&*/)*& $%":e-e'/"& 100 K&-e'&   e &-/"**&. Página 1;


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Des$)9s e *&s %s *e/!)-&s4 *& s)s$e's"5' e* s)e*% se "e-!e e' )' !&#" $&-& -e/%,-&- *& :-&//"5' e'!e-& e &-e'&> se se/&4 *&s &-e'&s s%' !&#"&&s $&-& %,!e'e- *&s $&-!6/)*&s e &-e'& e' s)s ":e-e'!es !&#&<%s.

L& /*&se !e@!)-&* se e!e-#"'& $%- *& /%#,"'&/"5' e *&s !-es :-&//"%'es %,!e'"&s e' ')es!-% &'3*"s"s #e/3'"/%. •

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Anáisis )ara a de(er!ina'i-n de !a(eria $rgáni'a en 'ada &n$ de $s 3$ri1$n(es de s&e$= L& #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& se e*"#"'& $%- %@"&/"5' /%' )' &(e'!e %@"&'!e K$e-5@"% e +"-5(e'%.

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A+%-& *& 7'&*"& e es!& $-)e,& es "e'!"7/&- *& "'!e's"& e e:e-es/e'/"& *% )e "'"/&-6& )'& ":e-e'/"& e'!-e e* /%'!e'"% e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/& e'!-e )'%  %!-% +%-"%'!e.

•

Anáisis )ara a de(er!ina'i-n de a )resen'ia de 'ar0$na($s en $s 3$ri1$n(es de )er4=

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Se e,e e*"#"'&- /&-,%'&!%s KC&CO;4 s" e* s)e*% *% !"e'e e' &*!&s /&'!"&es !-&!&'% /%' 3/"% /*%-+6-"/% "*)"%  *&3'%*%.

Página 1


V.

”

RESULTADOS

OJA DE DESCRIPCIÓN DISTRITO LA MERCED

I#&(e' 1? V"s!& =&'%-3#"/& %'e se -e&*"5 *& /&*"/&!& NQ 1.

Página 1


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I#&(e' 2? V"s!& &9-e& %'e se -e&*"5 *& /&*"/&!& NQ 1.

INORMACIÓN DEL SITIO MUESTREADO= As$'ia'i-n= Serie= Casi4'a'i-n= Cai'a(a= NQ 1 e'3a= 2; e %/!),-e L$'aidad= G-&'8& V"**& =-%(-es%. A'e@% V"**& =-%(-es% W#. 1 M&-("'&* e *& Se*&. M&-(e' e-e/+& e* R6% =e-e'e. Eea'i-n= 200 #s'# La(i(&d=

S)- 10Q  11.0 Oes!e Q 1 2.0

Ci!a= D&!%s e =-e/"$"!&/"5' $*)"&* Te#$e-&!)-& #e"& &')&* • •

Página 1


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C)&'% se )s&' &!%s e )'& es!&/"5' #e!e%-%*5("/&4 e,e &'%!&-se *& "s!&'/"& e es!& es!&/"5' +&s!& e* $e-7* e* s)e*% es/-"!%.

isi$gra/%a= Es a )$si'i-n 4si$grá4'a de &gar $ &0i'a'i-n den(r$ de )aisaGe na(&ra. As% (ene!$s 'i!as de 'err$s, aderas, '$inas, )ani'ies, an&ras, )iede!$n(e $ /adas $!adas, (erra1as, e('. =e-!e'e/e & *& Se*& B&8&. ="e e /%*"'&. Reiee= I!)i'a eea'i-n rea(ia y 3a sid$ de4nid$ '$!$ eea'i$nes e irreg&aridades de &na s&)er4'ie de (erren$, '$nsiderand$ s& ($(aidad, )&ede 'asi4'arse= Reiee n$r!a Reiee s&0n$r!a Reiee e5'esi$ Mi'r$reiees • • • •

Pendien(e= Se re4ere )rin'i)a!en(e a a gradien(e de a )endien(e de a 1$na d$nde es(á &0i'ada e )er4 de s&e$. P&ede aadirse $(ras 'ara'(er%s(i'as= Ti)$ si!)e $ '$!)eGaF, '&ra(&ra '-n'aa $ '$ne5aF, $ngi(&d, dire''i-n $ e5)$si'i-n. SMBOLO A

K 0&2

B

2&

C D

 & 1; 1; & 2

E F

2 &  M3s e 

Si!)e =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& L"(e-&#e'!e "'/*"'&& I'/*"'&& M%e-&&#e'!e e#$"'&& E#$"'&& M) e#$"'&&

C$!)eGa =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& =*&'& %')*&& L"(e-&#e'!e M%'!"/)*&& M%'!&<%s%

Vege(a'i-n= N&!)-&* % /)*!"%s es!&,*e/"%s? E' e* /&s% e *& e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&*4 '%#,-&- *& :%-#&/"5' e(e!&*? ,%s)e es$"'%s%4 e(e!&/"5' e *%#&s4 $-&e-& '&!)-&*4 ,%s)e !-%$"/&*4 e!/. L)e(% s" es $%s",*es *&s es$e/"es ,%!3'"/&s4 "'"/&'% *&s es$e/"es %#"'&'!es. =&-& e* /&s% e /)*!"%s4 e')#e-&- *%s $-"'/"$&*es  s" es $%s",*e &!%s &"/"%'&*es s%,-e e* #&'e8% e s)e*%s4 )s% e :e-!"*"&'!es4 -%!&/"%'es4 -e'"#"e'!%s4 e!/. INORMACIÓN ;ENERAL SOBRE EL SUELO

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Ma(eria Madre= C$!)rende in/$r!a'i-n s$0re e $rigen de !a(eria !adre y si es )$si0e s$0re a na(&rae1a de a r$'a !adre, eGe!)$= !a(eria a&ia deriad$ de r$'as gran%(i'as, !a(eria resid&a deriad$ de 0asa($. DrenaGe na(&ra= Se re4ere a a /re'&en'ia y d&ra'i-n de $s )eri$d$s d&ran(e $s '&aes e s&e$ n$ es(á sa(&rad$ ($(a $ )ar'ia!en(e, se 'asi4'a en 0ase a  'ara'(er%s(i'as= drenaGe e5(ern$ $ es'$rren(%a s&)er4'ia, )er!ea0iidad y drenaGe in(ern$ $ )er'$a'i-n. Se )&eden es(a0e'eras sig&ien(es 'ases de drenaGe na(&ra= ;rad$ = P$0re!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a sae (an en(a!en(e de s&e 2&e )er!ane'e 3!ed$ gran )ar(e de (ie!)$. ;rad$ "= I!)er/e'(a!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a es re!$ida de s&e$ '$n (a en(i(&d 2&e e s&e$ )er!ane'e 3!ed$ )$r a)s$s signi4'a(i$s )er$ n$ ($d$ e (ie!)$ a "*Q '!, de a s&)er4'ie a)are'en !$(ead&ras, $s 3$ri1$n(e B y C '$!)e(a!en(e !$(ead$s. ;rad$ = Bien drenad$s ;rad$ >= E5'esia!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a se re(ira de s&e$ !&y rá)ida!en(e. •

•

• •

Per!ea0iidad= Cara'(er%s(i'a de s&e$ 2&e )er!i(e e )as$ de ag&a y aire a (ra6s de s&e$. La aerea'i-n de a )er!ea0iidad en '$nG&n($ de0e 3a'erse en 0ase a 3$ri1$n(e de !en$r )er!ea0iidad. Cases M) *e'!& Le'!& M%e-&&#e'!e *e'!& M%e-&& M%e-&& -3$"& R3$"& M) -3$"&

Ve$'idad de &G$ '!3$raF 0.00.1 0.1 & 0. 0. & 2 2&  & 12 12 & 2 M&%- & 2

Es'$rren(%a s&)er4'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$%-/"5' -e*&!"& /%' )e e* &()& es -e#%"& s%,-e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*%. G-&% 0? E#$%&% '% +& es/%--e'!6& s)$e-7/"&*. G-&% 1? M) *e'!& e' $e-7*es #) $%-%s%s. G-&% 2? Le'!&4 e' s)e*%s &-e'%s%s4 /&s" & '"e*. G-&% ;? R3$"&4 &s%/"&& /%' /"e-!% (-&% e $e'"e'!e. G-&% ? M) -3$"&4 /%' $e'"e'!es #&%-es4 *& es/%--e'!6& es #&%)e *& "'7*!-&/"5'. Página 1


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&!edad= C%'"/"%'es e +)#e& e' e* s)e*%. B-ee es/-"$/"5' e *&s /%'"/"%'es e +)#e& -e"'&'!e e' e* s)e*%4 &* !"e#$% e -e&*"&- e* e@&#e' e* $e-7*. E8e#$*%? $e-7* e'!e-&#e'!e +#e%4 $e-7* se/% +&s!& 0 /#.  +#e% +&/"& &,&8%. Na)a /reá(i'a= N"e* :-e3!"/%? Se -e7e-e & *& $-%:)'"& e* '"e* :-e3!"/% e' e* !"e#$% e *& es/-"$/"5'. Er$si-n= =)ee e&*)&-se e' %s &s$e/!%s? E-%s"5' $-ese'!e % &/!)&*4 /)&'% +& e"e'/"& e -e#%s"5' &/e*e-&&. De$%s"/"5' e #&!e-"&*4 /%#% -es)*!&% e $-%/es%s e e-%s"5' e' e* 3-e& "'#e"&!&#e'!e /"-/)'&'!e &* $e-7*. =)ee "s!"'()"-se  /*&ses? N)*& N% +& $9-"&s L"(e-& =9-"& e* 2 e* +%-"%'!e A. M%e-&& =9-"& e* 2 &*  e* +%-"%'!e A. See-& =9-"& e*  e A &* 2 e +%-"%'!e B M) see-&=9-"& e 2 &  e* +%-"%'!e B.

Dis(ri0&'i-n de ra%'es= =-%:)'"&  :%-#& e "s!-",)/"5' e *&s -&6/es e *& e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&* % e *%s /)*!"%s es!&,*e/"%s. Pedreg$sidad y R$'$sidad= Se -e7e-e & *& $-ese'/"& e :-&(#e'!%s (-&'es % &%-&#"e'!%s -%/%s%s s%,-e % /e-/& e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*% )e $)e& *"#"!&- e* )s% #%e-'% e e)"$% &(-6/%*& #e/&'"&%. Pr$/&ndidad e/e'(ia= Es e* es$es%- !%!&* e !%&s *&s /&$&s %'e *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s $)ee' es&--%**&-se '%-#&*#e'!e. E8e#$*%? C%'s!"!)e' "#$e"#e'!% &* es&--%**% -&"/)*&-? e* '"e* :-e3!"/%4 *& -%/& s),&/e'!e4 *& $-ese'/"& e /*&$&'4 e!/. M) s)$e-7/"&* 1 /#. S)$e-7/"&* 1 & ;0 /#. Re()*&- ;0 & 0 /#. Me"&'& 0 & 0 /#. =-%:)'& 0 & 10 /#. M) $-%:)'& #3s e 10 /#.

O0sera'i$nes= W-%!%"'&s $e-:%-&/"%'es +e/+&s $%- "'se/!%s. =-%/es% e +&$*%""&/"5'. E' s)e*%s &-e'%s%s  &-/"**%s%s4 #e!e%-"&/"5' :6s"/&  )6#"/&.

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DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS ORIONTES INDIVIDUALES DEL SUELO

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I#&(e' ;? =e-7* e s)e*% e *& /&*"/&!& NQ1

S%!0$$ de 3$ri1$n(e y s&03$ri1$n(es= Ca)a A)= Arad&ra $ dis(&r0a'i-n. Crian1a de ani!aes d$!6s(i'$s. Ca)a A= Ca)a C"= Ma(eria )aren(a Ca)a C= Ca)a C>= Pr$/&ndidad de 'ada 3$ri1$n(e y s&0 3$ri1$n(e L%!i(e en(re 3$ri1$n(es C$$r de s&e$? Es )' /&-3/!e- e* s)e*% :3/"* & &$-e/"&-  e )' e#$*e% /5#%% $&-& "e'!"7/&- )' !"$% e s)e*% e' )'& -e("5' % *%/&*"&. S"' e#,&-(%4 & '"e* e *& /*&s"7/&/"5' e (-&'es !"$%s e s)e*%4 es!& /&-&/!e-6s!"/& e* s)e*% e,e se- )s&& /%' #)/+& $-e/&)/"5'. L& e!e-#"'&/"5' e* /%*%- se +&/e e' se/%  e' +#e% $-e7-"9'%*& e' se/%4 )s&'% *& T&,*& e /%*%-es e MUNSELL.

Te5(&ra= =%-/"5' -e*&!"& e *&s :-&//"%'es #e/3'"/&s )e /%'s!"!)e' )' s)e*%4 e@$-es&% e' . Página 21


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Es(r&'(&ra= Es e* &--e(*% % &/%#%% e *&s $&-!6/)*&s $-"#&-"&s e* s)e*% $&-& :%-#&- &(-e(&%s e ":e-e'!es :%-#&s  !&#&<%s. • • •

Forma: Esferoidal- Granular Tamaño o clase: Fino a medio Grado o claridad: Sin estructura – grano simple. La nominación de la estructura es: Granular na sin estructura.

N%!&? E* !"$%4 !&#&<%  (-&% s%' s)s/e$!",*es & /&#,"%s &'!e? =-3/!"/&s e -"e(%4 *&,-&'&4 :e-!"*"&/"5'4 e'/&*&% e "'/%-$%-&/"5' e MO.

C$nsis(en'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$"e& e* #&!e-"&* e37/% )e se e@$-es& $%- e* (-&%  /*&se e /%+es"5'  &+es"5' % $%- *& -es"s!e'/"& & *& e:%-#&/"5' % -)$!)-&. Se $)ee &$-e/"&- e' se/%4 e' +#e%  e' #%8&%. P3 $ rea''i-n de s&e$= Se )s& e* #9!%% /%*%-"#9!-"/% e* e**"(e T-)%(4 )e /%'s"s!e e' /%#$&-&- e* /%*%- %,!e'"% /%' e* /%*%- e *& !&,*& es!3'&-4 $&-& e!e-#"'&- e* =+ e* s)e*%. 4  =+  

Car0$na($s i0res= Se #"e $%- e* (-&% e e:e-es/e'/"& $-%)/"% &* &$*"/&- C* "*)"% &* 1. ;rad$ de e/eres'en'ia E/eres'en'ia n&a $ !&y igera E/eres'en'ia igera E/eres'en'ia !edia E/eres'en'ia /&er(e

Presen'ia de 'ar0$na($s 0 U'& /-) D%s /-)/es T-es /-)/es

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En a Mer'ed Segn e !6($d$ de sande$ 'a)as N > !!F N+ Q !!F N +!!F NQ " !!F N> "> !!F N " !!F N"  !!F T$(a > !!F

Masa en gra!$s .Q>g ."Qg >.">"g ".Q+>g .>g ."g .+"g ".>""g

OJA DE DESCRIPCIÓN DISTRITO LA ORO?A Página 2;

Masa en K ."+>K .">K >."K ".QK .>K .K .K "K


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I#&(e' ;? V"s!& =&'%-3#"/& %'e se -e&*"5 *& /&*"/&!& NQ .

I#&(e' ? V"s!& &9-e& e *& %'& e C&,-&#&/+&. M&-(e' e-e/+& e* -6% T"s+(%.

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INORMACIÓN DEL SITIO MUESTREADO= As$'ia'i-n= Serie= Casi4'a'i-n= Cai'a(a= N< # e'3a= 2 e %/!),-e L$'aidad= C&,-&#&/+& C&s&-&/-&. M&-(e' e-e/+& e* -6% T"s+(%. As%/"&/"5' e V""e'&s R6% T"s+(%. D"s!-"!% e =&//+&. L& O-%& J)'6'. W# 12. e *& C&--e!e-& Ce'!-&*. Eea'i-n= ;0 #s'# La(i(&d=

S&r ""< + >Q.+ Oes(e < Q+ .QQ

Ci!a= Ve-&'%? D6& 1Q1Q C N%/+e Q C I'"e-'%? D6& N%/+e

Q & 10Q C 1 Q C Página 2


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D&!%s e =-e/"$"!&/"5' $*)"&* Te#$e-&!)-& #e"& &')&* C)&'% se )s&' &!%s e )'& es!&/"5' #e!e%-%*5("/&4 e,e &'%!&-se *& "s!&'/"& e es!& es!&/"5' +&s!& e* $e-7* e* s)e*% es/-"!%. • •

isi$gra/%a= Es a )$si'i-n 4si$grá4'a de &gar $ &0i'a'i-n den(r$ de )aisaGe na(&ra. As% (ene!$s 'i!as de 'err$s, aderas, '$inas, )ani'ies, an&ras, )iede!$n(e $ /adas $!adas, (erra1as, e('. Pie de !$n(e. Reiee= I!)i'a eea'i-n rea(ia y 3a sid$ de4nid$ '$!$ eea'i$nes e irreg&aridades de &na s&)er4'ie de (erren$, '$nsiderand$ s& ($(aidad, )&ede 'asi4'arse= Reiee n$r!a Reiee s&0n$r!a Reiee e5'esi$ Mi'r$reiees • • • •

Pendien(e= Se re4ere )rin'i)a!en(e a a gradien(e de a )endien(e de a 1$na d$nde es(á &0i'ada e )er4 de s&e$. P&ede aadirse $(ras 'ara'(er%s(i'as= Ti)$ si!)e $ '$!)eGaF, '&ra(&ra '-n'aa $ '$ne5aF, $ngi(&d, dire''i-n $ e5)$si'i-n. SMBOLO A

K 0&2

B

2&

C D

 & 1; 1; & 2

E F

2 &  M3s e 

Si!)e =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& L"(e-&#e'!e "'/*"'&& I'/*"'&& M%e-&&#e'!e e#$"'&& E#$"'&& M) e#$"'&&

C$!)eGa =*&'& % /&s" $*&'& =*&'& %')*&& L"(e-&#e'!e M%'!"/)*&& M%'!&<%s%

Vege(a'i-n= N&!)-&*. C+"*)Z&- H=&8& ,*&'/&”. N&!)-&* % /)*!"%s es!&,*e/"%s? E' e* /&s% e *& e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&*4 '%#,-&- *& :%-#&/"5' e(e!&*? ,%s)e es$"'%s%4 e(e!&/"5' e *%#&s4 $-&e-& '&!)-&*4 ,%s)e !-%$"/&*4 e!/. L)e(% s" es $%s",*es *&s es$e/"es ,%!3'"/&s4 "'"/&'% *&s es$e/"es %#"'&'!es. =&-& e* /&s% e /)*!"%s4 e')#e-&- *%s $-"'/"$&*es  s" es $%s",*e &!%s &"/"%'&*es s%,-e e* #&'e8% e s)e*%s4 )s% e :e-!"*"&'!es4 -%!&/"%'es4 -e'"#"e'!%s4 e!/. INORMACIÓN ;ENERAL SOBRE EL SUELO Ma(eria Madre= N% !"e'e +%-"%'!e C. C$!)rende in/$r!a'i-n s$0re e $rigen de !a(eria !adre y si es )$si0e s$0re a na(&rae1a de a r$'a !adre, eGe!)$= !a(eria a&ia Página 2


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deriad$ de r$'as gran%(i'as, !a(eria resid&a deriad$ de 0asa($. DrenaGe na(&ra= Se re4ere a a /re'&en'ia y d&ra'i-n de $s )eri$d$s d&ran(e $s '&aes e s&e$ n$ es(á sa(&rad$ ($(a $ )ar'ia!en(e, se 'asi4'a en 0ase a  'ara'(er%s(i'as= drenaGe e5(ern$ $ es'$rren(%a s&)er4'ia, )er!ea0iidad y drenaGe in(ern$ $ )er'$a'i-n. Se )&eden es(a0e'eras sig&ien(es 'ases de drenaGe na(&ra= ;rad$ = P$0re!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a sae (an en(a!en(e de s&e 2&e )er!ane'e 3!ed$ gran )ar(e de (ie!)$. ;rad$ "= I!)er/e'(a!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a es re!$ida de s&e$ '$n (a en(i(&d 2&e e s&e$ )er!ane'e 3!ed$ )$r a)s$s signi4'a(i$s )er$ n$ ($d$ e (ie!)$ a "*Q '!, de a s&)er4'ie a)are'en !$(ead&ras, $s 3$ri1$n(e B y C '$!)e(a!en(e !$(ead$s. ;rad$ = Bien drenad$s ;rad$ >= E5'esia!en(e drenad$s. E ag&a se re(ira de s&e$ !&y rá)ida!en(e. •

•

• •

Per!ea0iidad= Cara'(er%s(i'a de s&e$ 2&e )er!i(e e )as$ de ag&a y aire a (ra6s de s&e$. La aerea'i-n de a )er!ea0iidad en '$nG&n($ de0e 3a'erse en 0ase a 3$ri1$n(e de !en$r )er!ea0iidad. Cases M) *e'!& Le'!& M%e-&&#e'!e *e'!& M%e-&& M%e-&& -3$"& R3$"& M) -3$"&

Ve$'idad de &G$ '!3$raF 0.00.1 0.1 & 0. 0. & 2 2&  & 12 12 & 2 M&%- & 2

Es'$rren(%a s&)er4'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$%-/"5' -e*&!"& /%' )e e* &()& es -e#%"& s%,-e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*%. G-&% 0? E#$%&% '% +& es/%--e'!6& s)$e-7/"&*. G-&% 1? M) *e'!& e' $e-7*es #) $%-%s%s. G-&% 2? Le'!&4 e' s)e*%s &-e'%s%s4 /&s" & '"e*. G-&% ;? R3$"&4 &s%/"&& /%' /"e-!% (-&% e $e'"e'!e. G-&% ? M) -3$"&4 /%' $e'"e'!es #&%-es4 *& es/%--e'!6& es #&%)e *& "'7*!-&/"5'.

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&!edad= C%'"/"%'es e +)#e& e' e* s)e*%. B-ee es/-"$/"5' e *&s /%'"/"%'es e +)#e& -e"'&'!e e' e* s)e*%4 &* !"e#$% e -e&*"&- e* e@&#e' e* $e-7*. E8e#$*%? )er4 en(era!en(e 3!ed$4 $e-7* se/% +&s!& 0 /#.  +#e% +&/"& &,&8%. Na)a /reá(i'a= N$ se eg- a nie /reá(i'$. Se -e7e-e & *& $-%:)'"& e* '"e* :-e3!"/% e' e* !"e#$% e *& es/-"$/"5'. Er$si-n= =)ee e&*)&-se e' %s &s$e/!%s? E-%s"5' $-ese'!e % &/!)&*4 /)&'% +& e"e'/"& e -e#%s"5' &/e*e-&&. De$%s"/"5' e #&!e-"&*4 /%#% -es)*!&% e $-%/es%s e e-%s"5' e' e* 3-e& "'#e"&!&#e'!e /"-/)'&'!e &* $e-7*. =)ee "s!"'()"-se  /*&ses? N)*& N% +& $9-"&s L"(e-& =9-"& e* 2 e* +%-"%'!e A. M%e-&& =9-"& e* 2 &*  e* +%-"%'!e A. See-& =9-"& e*  e A &* 2 e +%-"%'!e B M) see-&=9-"& e 2 &  e* +%-"%'!e B.

Dis(ri0&'i-n de ra%'es= Enrai1ada /&er(e!en(e a s&e$ s$0re ($)$ en a 'a)a s&)er4'ia. =-%:)'"&  :%-#& e "s!-",)/"5' e *&s -&6/es e *& e(e!&/"5' '&!)-&* % e *%s /)*!"%s es!&,*e/"%s. Pedreg$sidad y R$'$sidad= R$'as a!arias en e 3$ri1$n(e B". Se -e7e-e & *& $-ese'/"& e :-&(#e'!%s (-&'es % &%-&#"e'!%s -%/%s%s s%,-e % /e-/& e *& s)$e-7/"e e* s)e*% )e $)e& *"#"!&- e* )s% #%e-'% e e)"$% &(-6/%*& #e/&'"&%. Pr$/&ndidad e/e'(ia= Es e* es$es%- !%!&* e !%&s *&s /&$&s %'e *&s -&6/es e *&s $*&'!&s $)ee' es&--%**&-se '%-#&*#e'!e. E8e#$*%? C%'s!"!)e' "#$e"#e'!% &* es&--%**% -&"/)*&-? e* '"e* :-e3!"/%4 *& -%/& s),&/e'!e4 *& $-ese'/"& e /*&$&'4 e!/. M) s)$e-7/"&* 1 /#. S)$e-7/"&* 1 & ;0 /#. Re()*&- ;0 & 0 /#. Me"&'& 0 & 0 /#. =-%:)'& 0 & 10 /#. M) $-%:)'& #3s e 10 /#.

O0sera'i$nes= W-%!%"'&s $e-:%-&/"%'es +e/+&s $%- "'se/!%s. =-%/es% e +&$*%""&/"5'. E' s)e*%s &-e'%s%s  &-/"**%s%s4 #e!e%-"&/"5' :6s"/&  )6#"/&.

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DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS ORIONTES INDIVIDUALES DEL SUELO

S%!0$$ de 3$ri1$n(e y s&03$ri1$n(es= CARACTERSTICAS DEL PERIL DEL SUELO Ca)a A"= Arad&ra $ dis(&r0a'i-n. Crian1a de ani!aes d$!6s(i'$s.  '!. Ca)a A= " '! Ca)a AB=  '!. Horionte transicional Ca)a B"= Q '!. La consistencia es !enos dura Ca)a 0= + '!. Pr$/&ndidad de 'ada 3$ri1$n(e y s&03$ri1$n(e L%!i(e en(re 3$ri1$n(es

Página 2


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C$$r de s&e$? Es )' /&-3/!e- e* s)e*% :3/"* & &$-e/"&-  e )' e#$*e% /5#%% $&-& "e'!"7/&- )' !"$% e s)e*% e' )'& -e("5' % *%/&*"&. S"' e#,&-(%4 & '"e* e *& /*&s"7/&/"5' e (-&'es !"$%s e s)e*%4 es!& /&-&/!e-6s!"/& e* s)e*% e,e se- )s&& /%' #)/+& $-e/&)/"5'. L& e!e-#"'&/"5' e* /%*%- se +&/e e' se/%  e' +#e% $-e7-"9'%*& e' se/%4 )s&'% *& T&,*& e /%*%-es e MUNSELL.

Te5(&ra= =%-/"5' -e*&!"& e *&s :-&//"%'es #e/3'"/&s )e /%'s!"!)e' )' s)e*%4 e@$-es&% e' . Es(r&'(&ra= Es e* &--e(*% % &/%#%% e *&s $&-!6/)*&s $-"#&-"&s e* s)e*% $&-& :%-#&- &(-e(&%s e ":e-e'!es :%-#&s  !&#&<%s. C$nsis(en'ia= Se -e7e-e & *& $-%$"e& e* #&!e-"&* e37/% )e se e@$-es& $%- e* (-&%  /*&se e /%+es"5'  &+es"5' % $%- *& -es"s!e'/"& & *& e:%-#&/"5' % -)$!)-&. Se $)ee &$-e/"&- e' se/%4 e' +#e%  e' #%8&%. P3 $ rea''i-n de s&e$= Se )s& e* #9!%% /%*%-"#9!-"/% e* e**"(e T-)%(4 )e /%'s"s!e e' /%#$&-&- e* /%*%- %,!e'"% /%' e* /%*%- e *& !&,*& es!3'&-4 $&-& e!e-#"'&- e* =+ e* s)e*%. Car0$na($s i0res= Se #"e $%- e* (-&% e e:e-es/e'/"& $-%)/"% &* &$*"/&- C* "*)"% &* 1. ;rad$ de e/eres'en'ia E/eres'en'ia n&a $ !&y igera E/eres'en'ia igera E/eres'en'ia !edia E/eres'en'ia /&er(e

Presen'ia de 'ar0$na($s 0 U'& /-) D%s /-)/es T-es /-)/es

O0sera'i$nes= En es(e s&e$ a!$s a en'$n(rar $s 3$ri1$n(es O, A ? B. En a )ri!era 'a)a a!$s a en'$n(rar es(r&'(&ra gran&ar.

AN9LISIS MEC9NICO POR CAPAS= La 'a)a AB= e* &'3*"s"s /%' e* &/"% /*%-+6-"/% -es)*!& )' /%*%- $e!-5*e% "'!e's%  e* &()& %@"(e'&& es #&s e:e-es/e'/"&

Página ;0


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La 'a)a A= *& !e'e- /%'!&/!% /%' &/"% /*%-+6-"/% '% +& e:e-es/e'/"& $e-% /%' &()& %@"(e'&& *& e:e-es/e'/"& es #)/+% #&s "'!e's&  -3$"& $e-% &#,&s !%#&' e* e-e $e!-%*e%

La 'a)a B= &* !e'e- e' /%'!&/!% /%' &()& %@"(e'&& e:e-ese  !%#& )' /%*%- e-e $e!-5*e% *% /)&* '%s & & e'!e'e- )e !"e'e #&!e-"& %-(3'"/&

Página ;1


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Res&(ad$s de a0$ra($ri$ Cai'a(a de La Or$ya Masa de !&es(ra de 'ada 3$ri1$n(e /&e "g '& Cara'(er%s(i'as F%-#& C%'s"s!e'/"& ORIONTES

es:e-%"&* Se/% )-%

$ Caridad

A1 A2 T-&'s"/"5' B1 B2

ORIONTES A1 A2 T-&'s"/"5' B1 B2

;rad$ F"'% G-)es% G-)es% M) G-)es% Me"%

;rad$ $ Caridad M%e-&% D9,"* F)e-!e D9,"* M%e-&%

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JUSTIICACIÓN= L& es/-"$/"5' e *%s $e-7*es e *%s s)e*%s4 "')e'/"&%s $%- *%s :&/!%-es e :%-#&/"5' e s)e*%  es!%s :&/!%-es s%' "e-s%s e' *&s -e("%'es '&!)-&*es e* =e-. C%#$*e#e'!&- *%s /%'%/"#"e'!%s $-e"&#e'!e &)"-"%s e /&-&/!e-6s!"/&s :6s"/&s4 )6#"/&s  ,"%*5("/&s e* s)e*%4 $&-& !e'e- )'& "s"5' "'!e(-&*. As"#"s#% "'!e-$-e!&- *%s ":e-e'!es +%-"%'!es e' e* $e-7* e* s)e*%4 -e/%'%/e- *%s !"$%s e s)e*%4 e!e-#"'&- e* $%!e'/"&*4 s) &$!"!)4 #&'e8%  /%'se-&/"5' e es!e -e/)-s% "#$%-!&'!es. T&#,"9' es "#$%-!&'!e -e&*"&- )' -e/%'%/"#"e'!% 7s"%(-37/%  (e%#%-:%*5("/% e *& %'& e es!)"%4 &'&*"&'% *&s :%-#&s (e%(-37/&s &/!)&*es  *%s :&/!%-es )e "'!e-"'"e-%' e' *& e*&,%-&/"5' e e**&s.

RECOMENDACIONES E* es!)"% e&:%*5("/% /%'s"s!e e' &'&*"&- &* s)e*% $&-& s) #e8%-& e' *& $-%)//"5'4 e* /)"&%  !-&!&#"e'!% )e e#%s & es!e e$e'e e' *& %'& e' )e se +&**& -e&*"& "/+% es!)"%

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

    

”

Re/)$e-&/"5'  #&'!e'"#"e'!% e *& :e-!"*"& e *%s s)e*%s #e"&'!e e* #&'e8% e/%*5("/% e s)e*%s K$%*" /)*!"%s4 &s%/"&/"5'  -%!&/"5' e /)*!"%s4 /%,e-!)-& e(e!&*4 &(-%:%-es!e-6&4 e!/.  &()&s Kse/&'%4 "'7*!-&/"5'4 -"e(%  -"e(% !e/'"7/&%. D"s#"')"- $e'"e'!e4 $&-& $-ee'"- *& $9-"& e s)e*% $%- e-%s"5' K /%'s!-)//"5' e $"-/&s  &'e'es. Me8%-&- e* CIC. (e'e-&#"/-%/*"#&s $&-& e':-e'!&- *%s -e!%s e *& ,&8& !e#$e-&!)-&4 "e'!%s  !&#,"9' $*&(&s. $-%)/"- &,%'%s %-(3'"/%s e' *&s $&-/e*&s. I'/%-$%-&/"5' e /)*!"%s4 &(-%:%-es!&*es.

I:. BIBLIO;RAA Página ;

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