REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACIÓN UNIDAD EDUCATIVA “CARLOS JOSÉ MUJICA” CHIVACOA – YARACUY
CONCIENCIAR SOBRE LAS ONDAS ELECTROMAGNÉTICAS COMO EFECTO PERJUDICIAL PARA PARA LA SALUD DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE 5to AÑO DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA “CARLOS JOSÉ MUJICA” DE CHIVACO CHIVACOA, A, MUNICIPIO BRUZUAL ESTADO YARACUY
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A!t0&)o K7 S%"!(&'4+ 3" )o# )0't"# 'o# 3" "%o#'&'4+ E* (a#" % =5 * al/5*a -"*a % a((#" l *06l % ?1"#0(0@* 1"r(*+5al ll/a# a #r 'a&"r a la 5*0%a%7 %> '%0r# l *06l % '0#0@* % (a%a 25*+ ra%0a*+ " #+a(0@* ra%0"l<(+r0(a7 0%*+020(ar (5,l# % lla# #51ra* l lí'0+ ',?0'" % ?1"#0(0@* ("rr#1"*%0*+ a #5 2r(5*(0a % "1ra(0@*3 A=5lla# 25*+# ra%0a*+# " #+a(0"*# ra%0"l<(+r0(a# =5 l" #51r* %>* a!5#+ar# '1la*%" +<(*0(a# % '0+0/a(0@* +al# ("'" a5'*+ar la al+5ra % la# a*+*a#7 l0'0+ar la a((#0>0l0%a% % 1r#"*a# a la -"*a % a((#" * (5#+0@* " r%5(0r la 1"+*(0a % '0#0@*7 *+r "+ra#7 )a#+a =5 (a%a 5*a % lla# '0+a 1"r %>a!" % #5 r#1(+06" lí'0+3 S0 5*a 6- (5'1l0%" l" a*+r0"r7 l *06l % ?1"#0(0@* 1"r(*+5al ("*+0*5a# #0*%" 'a&"r a la 5*0%a%7 %>* 0%*+020(ar# a=5lla# #+a(0"*# =5 '0+a* ("* 5*a 0*+*#0%a% % (a'1" 'a&"r " 0/5al a la (5ar+a 1ar+ )a#+a ; %B 1"r %>a!"K %l lí'0+ ',?0'" % ?1"#0(0@* ("rr#1"*%0*+ a la 25*+ =5 a1"r+ 'a&"r (a*+0%a% % *r/ía3 U*a 6- 0%*+020(a%a# %0()a# #+a(0"*#7 <#+a# %>* r%5(0r l"# *06l# % 1"+*(0a % l"# +ra*#'0#"r# * 1r"1"r(0"*# 0/5al# )a#+a =5 l *06l % ?1"#0(0@* 1"r(*+5al #a '*"r a la 5*0%a%3 !icho de otra forma, se fi"an las acciones a seguir para corregir las exposiciones por encima de los lmites establecidos en la normativa legal, para lo cual, la misma norma, fi"a los rangos máximos y mnimos en los cuales puede operar dicha estación.