UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA
MANUAL DE DIAGNÓSTICO DE GESTACIÓN EN
HEMBRAS BOVINAS A TRAVÉS DE PALPACIÓN TRANSRECTAL Y ULTRASONOGRAFÍA. TRABAJO RECEPCIONAL EN LA MODALIDAD DE:
TRABAJO PRÁCTICO EDUCATIVO COMO REQUISITO PARCIAL PARA OBTENER EL TÍTULO DE
MÉDICO VETERINARIO ZOOTECNISTA PRESENTA:
DANIELA LOEZA DELOYA ASESOR:
1
DR. FELIPE MONTIEL PALACIOS VERACRUZ, VER.
FEBRERO 2012
2
INDICE GENERAL AGRADECIMIENTOS…………………………… AGRADECIMIENT OS………………………………………………………… …………………………………….II ……….II DEDICATORIA………………………………………………………………………...III INTRODUCCCION INTR ODUCCCION ………………………………..................................... ……………………………….................................................IV ............IV ANTECEDENTES ANTECEDEN TES ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………VI ……………VI JUSTIFICACION……………………………………………………………………….X OBJETIVOS……………………………………………………………………………XI MATERIAL METODOS……………………………………………………………XII METODOS……………………………………………………………XII INDICE DE CUADROS ......................... ............................................ ............................... ............................. .............................. ...................! ......! CAPÍTULO 1: ANATOMÍA FISIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE LA "EMBRA BOVINA.................................... BOVINA................................................ ......................... ............................... .............................. ............................. .........................# ........# 1.1$RGANOS GENITALES GEN ITALES DE LA VACA. ......................... .......................................... ............................. ..............1! ..1! 1.1.1. GENITALES EXTERNOS. ......................... .......................................... ............................... ..............................1# ................1# 1.1.1.2. V%&'()*+. V%&'()*+ ............ ....................... ............................. ............................... ............................... ............................. ........................1# ............1# 1.1.1.- V*+/. ......................... .......................................... .............................. .............................. ............................... ..............................1# ................1# 1.1.2.$RGANOS GENITALES GE NITALES INTERNOS. ........................ .......................................... ...............................21 .............21 1.1.2.1 V//......................................... V//..................................................... ............................... ............................... ............................. .................21 21 1.1.2.2 C345................. C34 5.................................... ............................... ........................ .............................. .............................. ........................21 ............21 1.1.2.-. 6'%4. ......................... .......................................... ............................. ............................... ............................... ............................22 ................22 1.1.2.7: O8*9'&. O8*9'& . ........................ .......................................... .............................. ............................. .............................. .......................2 ..........2 1.1.2.;: O/4&.................. O/4 &.................................... ............................... ......................... .............................. .............................. ....................-0 ........-0 1.2: CICLO ESTRUAL. EST RUAL. ......................... .......................................... .............................. .............................. ............................. ...............-2 ...-2 1.2.1: F/&% <+9*+/4........................................ <+9*+/4..................................................... .............................. .............................. .......................-..........-1.2.2: D%&/44++ <+9*+/4. ......................... .......................................... ............................... ............................... ...........................- ..........- 1.2.-: F/&% +='%/. ....................... ........................................ ............................... ............................... ............................. .........................72 .............72
CAPITULO 2: GESTACI$N. ..................................................................................7; 2.1 OVULACI$N. ................................................................................................7; 2.2 FECUNDACI$N............................................................................................7 2.- PERIODOS DE GESTACI$N. ......................................................................7> 2.-.1 P%48 ?4%&'/'. .................................................................................7> 2.7 DESARROLLO DE LAS MEMBRANAS EMBRIONARIAS FETALES DE LA PLACENTA..............................................................................................7! 2.7.1D%&/44++ 8% +/ /+/'8%&. ........................................................................;0 2.7.2 D%&/44++ 8%+ /@& 8%+ 948 *@)+9/+. ............................................;1 2.7.- L(*8& <%'/+%&..........................................................................................;2.; PLACENTOMAS...........................................................................................;CAPÍTULO -: DIAGN$STICO DE GESTACI$N. ..................................................;7 -.1 INTRODUCCI$N. .........................................................................................;7 -.2 ASPECTOS DE IMPORTANCIA PREVIOS AL DIAGN$STICO DE GESTACI$N. ......................................................................................................;; CAPITULO 7: DIAGN$STICO DE GESTACION POR ULTRASONOGRAFÍA. .....;> 7.1 INTRODUCCI$N. .........................................................................................;> 7.2 P49?& )&9& 8% +/ *+'4/&4/<(/........................................................;# 7.2.1 T?& 8% %94/<&. ...................................................................................1 7.- M8 8% *'+/9 8%+ %94/<...................................................................7.7 EXAMEN ULTRASONOGRFICO DEL SISTEMA REPRODUCTOR..........7 7.7.1 U+'4/&4/<(/ 8%+ 6'%4..........................................................................7 7.7.2 U+'4/&4/<(/ 8% +& <+(9*+& 49&. ..................................................; 7.7.- U+'4/&4/<(/ 8%+ 9*%4? +='%. ...............................................................> 7.7.7 D/&'9 8% %&'/9 ?4 *+'4/&4/<(/. ...........................................>
CAPITULO ;: DIAGN$STICO DE GESTACI$N POR PALPACI$N TRANSTRANSRECTAL .........................................................................................># ;.1 INTRODUCCI$N ..........................................................................................># ;.2 SIGNOS POSITIVOS DE PREEZ. .............................................................># ;.- PROCEDIMIENTO. .......................................................................................!1 ;.7 DIAGN$STICO DE GESTACI$N TEMPRANA. ...........................................!7 ;.; "ALLAZGOS A LA PALPACI$N TRANSRECTAL DURANTE LA GESTACI$N. ......................................................................................................! .1 INTRODUCCI$N. .........................................................................................## .2 REGISTROS REPRODUCTIVOS.................................................................## .- PARMETROS REPRODUCTIVOS. ..........................................................102 CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................102 LITERATURA CITADA.........................................................................................10-
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INDICE DE CUADROS C*/84 1. C/4/9'%4(&'9/& 8%+ '4/9' 4%?48*9'4 % /9/& %&'/'%& 8*4/'% %+ 99+ %&'4*/+ …………………………………………………………. ……………-C*/84 2. C4'%4& ?/4/ 8/&'9 8% %&'/9 ?4 ?/+?/9 '4/&4%9'/+ % /9/& % +& 8(/& 2! / ;! 8% %&'/9…………………...……………………..> C*/84 -. C4'%4& ?/4/ 8/&'9 8% %&'/9 ?4 ?/+?/9 '4/&4%9'/+ % /9/& % +& 8(/& 0 /+ 11; 8% %&'/9………………………………………..!2 C*/84 7. C+9*+ 8% ?/4@%'4& 4%?48*9'&………………………………..#0
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7. JUSTIFICACIÓN L/ 4%?48*99 *%/ * ?/?%+ 9+/% % 9*/+*%4 *8/8 8% ?48*99, ?4 + *% %& 8% 4/ @?4'/9/ *% 9*/+*%4 M389 V%'%4/4 Z'%9&'/, /**% &% %&?%9/+9% % +/ 4%?48*99 /@/+, 99/ +/ %&'/9 9 '8& &*& %%'& &* 944%9' 8/&'9. D/8 %+ 4+
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8. OBJETIVOS
8.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL I'%4/4 * @/*/+ *% /)/4*% +/ %&'/9 &* 8/&'9 ?4 *+'4/&8 ?/+?/9 '4/&4%9'/+, 8% @/%4/ *% &4/ 9@ */ *(/ % +/ ?49'9/ %'%4/4/.
8.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS D%&94)4 %+ /?/4/' 4%?48*9'4 8% +/ H%@)4/ )/ &* <*9/@%' % 989 %&'/'%. D%&94)4 +& H/++/& / +/ ?/+?/9 *% &% 9&8%4/ 89/84%& && ?&'& 8% %&'/9. A/+/4 9@?/4/4 +/& %'//& 8%&%'//& 8% +/ ?/+?/9 '4/&4%9'/+ 8%+ *+'4/&8 9@ '399/& 8% 8/&'9 8% %&'/9
9. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS P/4/ +/ %+/)4/9 8% %&'% @/*/+ &% 4%/+/4 8<%4%'%& /9'8/8%& &% *'+/4 +& &*%'%& @/'%4/+%&: 1. L)4& 4%+/9/8& 9 %+ )%' 8%+ @/*/+, ?49%8%'%& 8% +/ ))+'%9/ 8% +/ F/9*+'/8 8% M%89/ V%'%4/4/ Z'%9/ 8% +/ U%4&8/8 V%4/94*//. 2. A4'(9*+& 9%'(<9& 4%+/9/8& 9 %+ '%@/. -. P*)+9/9%& 8% @389& %'%4/4& %5?%4'& % %+ 4%/ '/' @%59/& 9@ %5'4/%4&. 7. E'4%&'/& ?%& 8%+ /&%&4 8%+ @/*/+, %5?%4'& &)4% %+ '%@/, ?48*9'4%& ?4?%'/4& 8% /@/+%&. ;. P/& %+%9'49/& 4%+/9/8/& 9 %+ '%@/.
E+ @/*/+ ?49'9 %8*9/' 9&&'% % * 89*@%' %&94' /*/8 / */ 9+%99 8% @%%& ?/4/ 9/8/ */ 8% +/& ?49'9/& 9@?4%88/& 8%'4 8%+ '4/)/, 8% @/%4/ *% ?*%8/ &%4 9@?4%88 ?4 ?48*9'4%&, '399& %&'*8/'%& 8% M%89/ V%'%4/4/ Z'%9/.
CAPÍTULO 1' ANATOMÍA Y FISIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE LA HEMBRA BOVINA 1.1ÓRGANOS GENITALES DE LA VACA. E+ /?/4/' %'/+ <%@% %& %+ 4/ 8% 4%?48*99 8% +/& H%@)4/&. E&' 9/?/9'/8 ?/4/ +/ ?48*99 8% 9'&
%+ ?&'%44 /+/@%' 8%+ %@)4 %+ <%'
H/&'/ %+ /9@%'. P/4/ &* %&'*8 %+ /?/4/' 4%?48*9' 8% +/ H%@)4/ &% H/ 9+/&<9/8 % 4/& %'/+%& %5'%4& % '%4& G*% B+/9, 2007K. D%'4 8% +/ %&'4*9'*4/& %5'%4/& @?4'/'%& %&'/ +/ //, 9%9'/ 9 +/ *+/ <4@/8 * 9//+ @* @?4'/'% 9@ 4%9%?'9*+ 8%+ ?%% 8*4/'% %+ 9', /&( 9@ /+ @@%' 8%+ ?/4' ?/4/ +/ %5?*+& 8%+ <%'. "/9/ %+ %5'%44 &% 9%9'/ 9 +/ *+/, 9&''*8/ ?4 8& +/)& &*& 9@&*4/& %+ 9+('4& *% &% +9/+/ 8%'4 8% %++/ S&& et al., 200;K. L& 4/& %'/+%& '%4& 9@ %+ 9345 %+ ='%4 %&' &&'%8& ?4 %+ +/@%' /9H. E&'% +/@%' 9&'/ 8%+ @%&/4, *% &&'%% /+ /4 %+ @%&&+?5, *% &&'%% %+ 8*9' %+ @%&@%'4, *% &&'%% /+ ='%4. E )&, +/ &%49 8%+ +/@%' /9H %& 84& +/'%4/+ % +/ 4% 8%+ (+%, 8%+ @8 *% %+ ='%4 %&' 8&?*%&' 9@ +& 9*%4& 8% * 9/4%4, 9 +/ 9%58/8 84&/+ +& /4& &'*/8& 9%49/ 8% +/ ?%+& "/<%, 200;K.
1.1.1. GENITALES E:TERNOS. E+
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1.1.1.7 V-&3a. L/ *+/ %& +/ /?%4'*4/ %5'%4/ 8%+ /?/4/' 4%?48*9'4 %++/ '%% 8& <*9%& ?49?/+%&: /)44&% ?/4/ ?%4@'4 +/ 9?*+/ &4% 9@ ?/4'% 8%+ 9//+ 8% ?/4'. I9+*8& % +/ %&'4*9'*4/ *+/4 %&' +& +/)& %+ 9+('4&. L& +/)& 8% +/ *+/ %&' *)9/8& / +& +/8& 8% +/ /?%4'*4/ *+/4, '%% /&?%9' &%9 /44*/8 9*/8 +/ /9/ %&' % 9%+. E +/ @%88/ *% %+ /@/+ &% /9%4*% /+ 9%+, +/ *+/ %@?%/4 / H9H/4&% '@/4 */ /?/4%9/ 4/ H=@%8/ Q*'%+/ et al.,200K
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1.1.2.ÓRGANOS GENITALES INTERNOS.
1.1.2.1 Va60%a. L/ // &% %5'%8% 8%&8% +/ /?%4'*4/ *4%'4/+ H/&'/ %+ 9345. D*4/'% +/ @'/ /'*4/+, %+ %/9*+/8 %& 8%?&'/8 % +/ ?49 /'%44 8% +/ //. L/ // '/@)3 &4% 9@ ?/4'% 8%+ 9//+ 8% ?/4' S&& %' /+, 200;K
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CAPITULO 2' GESTACIÓN. 2.1 OVULACIÓN. 45
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2.8 DESARROLLO DE LAS MEMBRANAS EMBRIONARIAS Y FETALES Y DE LA PLACENTA.
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F*4/ 1-.C/+9<9/9B N4 @/+. D%?B& '& 4@/+%& 8% 9/+9 % %+ 94 /+ 8(/ 0. D4&' M, 2010.
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CAPÍTULO 7' DIAGNÓSTICO DE GESTACIÓN.
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CAPITULO 9' DIAGNÓSTICO DE PALPACIÓN TRANSTRANSRECTAL
GESTACIÓN
POR
9.1 INTRODUCCIÓ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
9.2 SIGNOS POSITIVOS DE PREEZ. E+ 8/&'9 ?4%9 ?&' &% )/&/ % 7 &&: '4%& 8% %++& +/8& / +/ 8%'%99 8% +/& @%@)4//& ?+/9%'/4/& <%'/+%& *% + 48%/ '4, /+ ?4? <%'. P/4/ * 8/&'9 8% %&'/9 '%@?4/ ?4%9& % H%@)4/& )/& &% 4%*%4% 9*'/4 +/ 8%'%99 8% /+*& && 9@ &: P4%&%9/ 8% C*%4? +='% MFDK L/ %&(9*+/ /@'9/ 8%+ ='%4
M%@)4// <%'/+ 8%&+/)+% A&@%'4(/ % +& 9*%4&
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9*%4? +='% ''/+@%'% 8%&/44++/8. E&' %& ?/4'9*+/4 @%'% +8 % ++/&. D4&', M. 2010.
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9.7 PROCEDIMIENTO. L/ ?49'9/ 8% +/ ?/+?/9 4%*%4% 8% * %*? &%9++ ?9 9&'&. E& 9%%'% *% %+ ?4<%&/+ '4/)/% 9 */'%& ?+&'9& 8% ?/+?/9 ?/4/ %'/4 +/ &*9%8/8 %+ 9'/ 8% %<%4@%8/8%& <%99&/&. E+ %*? %'%4/4 &% 9@?+%'/ 9 * */'% '? 8*&'4/+ % +/ '4/ @/, )'/& 8% H*+%, %4+
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+*)49/'% ?/4/ %+ */'% 8% ?/+?/4 C/+8%4, 2011K E+ %5/@% %'/+ &% 9/ 8%'<9/8 %+ 9345, + 9*/+ %& @?4%&98)+% ?/4/ 4%'/4&% % %+ %&?/9 ?3+9 *)9/4 +& 9*%4& *'%4& H/9/ 8%+/'% +&
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F*4/ -#. P49%8 @%' 8% ?/+?/9 '4/&4%9'/+. C/+8%4B, 2011.
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9.8 DIAGNÓSTICO DE GESTACIÓN TEMPRANA. P/4/ +/ 8%'%4@/9 8% +/ %&'/9 % %'/?/& '%@?4//& &% '%% *% '@/4 % 9*%'/ +/ 4%'4/99 8%+ ='%4. E+ ='%4 %& 4%'4/9'/)+% H/9/ +/ 9/8/8 ?3+9/ 8*4/'% +/ %&'/9 H/&'/ +& >; 8(/& /?45@/8/@%'%, +/ ?&)+8/8 8% 4%'4/%4+, ?%4@'% ?4%9&/4 @& %+ 8/&'9, %&?%9/+@%'% 9*/8 %&'/ 9/(8 H/9/ +/ ?/4'% )// 8% +/ 9 /8/8 /)8@/+. P/4/ 9/4 +/ ?/+?/9 '%@?4// 8% */ %&'/9 + ?4@%4 *% H/ *% 8%'%4@/4, %& +/ ?4%&%9/ 8%+ 9*%4? +='%, / *% % 9/& 8% 8%'<9/4&%, &% 8%&9/4'/ +/ ?&)+8/8 8% %&'/9 /''/*5, 2010K S% 8%)% %4<9/4 *% %5&'/ 4%'4/9'+8/8 8%+ ='%4 H/9/ +/ ?%+& /8%@& 8% +/ ?4%&%9/ 8%+ 9*%4? +='%. D% %5&'4 ?4%&%9/ 8% 9*%4? +='%, &% 9'=/ 9 %+ %5/@% 8%+ ='%4, ?/4/ 8%'%4@/4 & %5&'% /&@%'4(/ % +& 9*%4& *'%4&, /**% @*9H/& %9%& %&'/ &% 8%'%9'/ /'%& 8% 8%'%4@/4 +/ ?4%&%9/ 8%+ 9*%4? +='%. E */ %&'/9 8% 8% %'4% -; 8(/& /*++/&K 7; 8(/& /9/&K 4@/+@%'%, %+ 9*%4 +/'%4/+ /+ 9*%4? +='% &% 8%)% &%'4 +%4/@%'% @& 4/8% /+ ?*%&' Z%@/&, 1#!0K
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9.9 HALLAZGOS A LA PALPACIÓN TRANSRECTAL DURANTE LA GESTACIÓN.
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CAPÍTULO ' REPRODUCTIVOS.
PARÁMETROS
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REGISTROS
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CONCLUSIONES
1. E+ @/% 4%?48*9' %& *
2. E+ 8/&'9 8% %&'/9 %&'/9 %& */ H%44/@%'/ H%44/@%'/ @(@/ )&9/ )&9/ ?/4/ %+ @/% 4%?48*9' ?'@ 8% +& /@/+%&. -. E5&'% 8& /+'%4/'/& /+'%4/'/& /99%&)+%& ?/4/ %+ 8/&'9 8% %&'/9 % +& )& ?/+?/9 '4/&4%9'/+ *+'4/&4/<(/. 7. S% %&'/)+%9%4 +/& ?49'9/& @& @?4'/'%&, /&( 9@ +& H/++/& H/++/& 9/4/9'%4(&'9/& @& @ ?4'/'%& *% * %&'*8/'%, //8%4 //8%4 '399 8%)%4 99%4 ?/4/ H/9%4 * 944%9' 8/&'9 8% %&'/9. ;. E+ @/'%4/+ 9'%8 9'%8 % %+ ?4%&%'% ?4%&%'% @/*/+ ?%4@'% *% *% %+ *&*/4 &% 9/?/9'% 9 @ /4
LITERATURA CITADA
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C/+8%4, R. T399/& 8% 8/&'9 8%+ %&'/8 4%?48*9' 8% +/& H%@)4/& )/& ?4 ?/+?/9 4%9'/+. UNAM,2011. P? ; 1#.
CH/<
C++', J. 2002. P9'4/+ G*8% ' ' U+'4/&4/?H U+'4/&4/?H99 P4%/9 D/&& 'H% B%. S'%*/4' L/)4/'4%& L/)4/'4%& /8 B% B% S%49%&, LLC. P? 10 -;.
D%&C['%/*5 L, C++' J, G%@@ G. 200# P4/9'9/+ /'+/& < 4*@/' /8 9/@%+8 4%?48*9'% *+'4/&4/?H. A@ %& IAK: +%B+/9%++ 200#.
D%J/4%''%, M. N%)%+, R. S%+%9' S4%&. S%+%9' S4%&: S%+%9' R%?48*9'% S+*'&. C&*+'/8 %+ 10 O9' 2011. H''?:.&%+%9'&4%&.9@ ? ?44/@&89&4%?48*9'%f//'@ .?8< .
D(%, D(%, N/'/+/ N/'/+/.. 1##> 1##>K. K. F*8/@% F*8/@%' ' 8% +/ %94/ %94/<( <(/. /. E: T/@/, T/@/, M. %' /+. ;g C*4& P49'9 8% R%?48*99 % V/9* C*4&& V%'%4/4& P49'9 8% N//44/, F/9*+'/8 8% M%89/ V%'%4/4/, UNA", UNA", L/ "/)// , C*)/.
D/ T, P/9/49 SM, D4&' M, S9H@'' EJ, A@)4&% JD, F4%84&& E, TH/'9H%4 . 2001K. E<<%9'& < 'H% ?%4&&'%' 8@/' <++9 +% 'H% /)+ /)+'' < <++ <++9+ 9+% % &'@ &'@*+ *+/' /' H4@ H4@% % ' 8* 8*9% 9% <++ <++9 9+% +% 8%% 8%%+ +?@% ?@%' ' /8 /8 *+/'4 4%&?&%&. J. D/4. S9. !7:!!## D&, M.G. /8 S4%%/, J.M. 2000. E5?4%&& /8 8%'%9' < %&'4*& 9/''+%. R%?48*9' N*'4' D%%+?@%' 70, 7!17#1.
D4/9*4', M.A. 2001K R%*+/' < /4/ <++9*+/4 8/@9&
E+, M.200;.M/*/+ 8% 4%?48*99 % //8 /9*. Z/4//. E8. S%4%'
F&&4%, R.A. TH% *&% < *+'4/&4/?H <4 'H% &'*8 < 'H% )% 4%?48*9'% '4/9'. II. N ?4%/', ?4%/' /8 ?/'H+9/+ 98' & < 'H% *'%4*&, A@. R%?48. 1#!, 12: 1>1>>.
F49% P.M.2011. H% ' 8%'< ?4%/' +/9'/' 8/4 9& *& '4/&4%9'/+
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G*% A., B+/9, A. 2007.T4/'/8 8% "&'+(/ V%'%4/4/. M/&&, ED B/49%+/, E&?//.:.. ?? -!1-##.
G4%% C. 2011. P4%/9 CH%9&: H <4%*%9 /8 @%'H8 @ /''%4. G%%5 C?%4/'% I9. C&*+'/8 % /&' 8%+ 2011 H''?:%%5.94%'.9@?/%->02P4%CH%9& HF4%*%9A8M%'H8M/''% 4
"/<%, E.S.E. B. "/<%. R%?48*99 % &%@/9 /4'<9/+ % /@/+%&.. >. M9G4/ "++, 200;. 1>-0.
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L%& R. P4%/9 9H%9 '4/&4%9'/+ ?/+?/' %4&*& *+'4/&*8. G%+)%H *8%,S?4. 2007.
M//&9 R. P., M/4'( M//&9 G. D@(*%. 200;. M& /++ 8%+ '/9' 4%9'/+. E S' A4%' 8% P48*99 A@/+. C&*+'/8 A&' 8% 2011. H''?: .?48*9 9 /@/+.9@./4?48*99f)/f8%f+%9H%?48*99f)/f+%9H%100 '/9'.?8<
P34% M/4'(%, M. R@/, M. 1##. I'%4/99 @*%894/ % %+ ='%4: E+ ?/?%+ 8% +/& H4@/& %&'%48%& &%5*/+%&.. C%9/ V%'%4/4/. 1#21#.
P%44%, M., M/4'(%, B. M38%, MJ. 1##>. U& 8% +/ %94/<(/ % +/ 4%?48*99 8%+ //8 /9*. F4&/ E&?/+/ T%@/4 8%+ C4/84 E%4F%)4%4 1##>, ?. 11711!.
P%'%4&%, MC. 1###. E+ *+'4/&8 % +/ 4%?48*99 )/: /?+9/9%& % 8/&'9 '4/'/@%'. T/*4*& 1 1K. P? 10 2. P*4H' G . 2010. M%'H8& O< P4%/9 D/&& I D@%&'9 A@/+&: TH% C*44%' S'/'*&. %)@%8C%'4/+ REPRODUCTION 112K: MC001-0;. ?? ; 1;.
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