Norma Níquel Cobalto

Designation: B994/B994M − 15

Standard Specification for

Nickel-Cobalt Alloy Coating 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation B994/B994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis revision. ion. A number in parentheses parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Sco Scope pe 1.1 This This sp speci ecifica ficatio tion n des descri cribes bes the req requir uireme ements nts fo forr corrosioncorro sion-resista resistant nt coating coatingss of electro electrodepos deposited ited nickel nickel-cobal -cobaltt on metallic substrates and electrodeposited nickel-cobalt used for electroforming. NOTE 1—The nickel-cobalt alloy is principally deposited as a coating on steel products. It can also be electrodeposited on iron, stainless steel, aluminum, alumin um, titanium and any other metal subst substrate. rate. NOTE 2—The 2—The nic nickelkel-cob cobalt alt allo alloy y coa coatin ting g has a low coe coefffici icient ent of friction of 0.08 that provides a dry lubricant on part surfaces that are in contact with each other and are subject to galling.

1.2 This specification specification incorporates incorporates an accelera accelerated ted exposure test method to evaluate the effects of corrosion and galling on the coating, and incorporates a means of reporting the results to the purchaser. 1.3 The specification incorporates incorporates a classific classification ation scheme that esta establi blishe shess ser servic vicee con condit dition ionss for thic thickne kness, ss, clas classes ses of deposits based on the level of monitoring, and type based on supplemental suppl emental coatings used after depos deposition. ition. 1.4 The coating thickness thickness ranges ranges from 5 to >30 µm, and it can be applied to machined parts, springs, latches, threaded parts, fasteners, etc. The deposit can also be used to electroform parts requiring high strength with the alloy being maintained at 50% nickel-cobalt. 1.5 The nickel-cobalt nickel-cobalt alloy is used to protect ferrous ferrous metals in contact with corrosive environments such as: oil and gas production facilities, costal marine, and ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) Quater nary) treatments for wood treatments. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exa exact ct equ equiva ivalen lents; ts; the theref refore ore,, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.7 This standar standard d doe doess not purport purport to add addre ress ss all of the safetyy co safet conc ncer erns ns,, if an anyy, as asso socia ciate ted d wi with th its us use. e. It is th thee responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This This st stan anda darrd ha hass be been en revi evise sed d to co comp mply ly wi with th th thee Requirements that Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS Substances RoHS Requirements that seek to limit the exposure of workers and the public to toxic metals. The nickel-cobalt alloy does not contain any of the six Restricted Hazardous Substances.

2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 A193/A193M Spe Specifi cificati cation on for All Alloyoy-Ste Steel el and Sta Stainle inless ss Steell Bol Stee Boltin ting g for Hig High h Temp empera eratur turee or Hig High h Pre Pressu ssure re Service and Other Special Purpose Applications A194/A194M Specificat A194/A194M Specification ion for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both A681 Specification A681 Specification for Tool Steels Alloy B117 Practice B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus B183 Pra Practic cticee for Pre Prepar paratio ation n of Low Low-Car -Carbon bon Ste Steel el for Electroplating B242 Guide B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating B254 Pr Pract actice ice fo forr Pr Prep epar arati ation on of an and d El Elect ectro ropl plat atin ing g on Stainlesss Steel Stainles B320 Practice B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electroplating B322 Guide B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating B368 Test B368 Test Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (CASS Test) B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating B374 B568 Test B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry B571 Practice B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and B602 Inorganic Coatings B697 Guide B697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings B762 Test Metho Method d of Variabl ariables es Sampli Sampling ng of Metalli Metallicc and Inorganic Coatings

1

This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 Committee B08 on on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.03 Subcommittee B08.03 on on Engineering Coatings. Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. DOI: 10.1520/ B0994_B0994M–15.

2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

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B994/B994M − 15 B849 Specification for Pre-Treatments of Iron or Steel for B849 Reducing Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement B850 Guide B850 Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Reducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement D1193 Specification D1193 Specification for Reagent Water E2465 Tes estt Me Meth thod od fo forr An Analy alysis sis of Ni Ni-B -Bas asee Al Allo loys ys by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry F519 Test F519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments F1470 Pra Practic cticee for Fas Fasten tener er Sam Sampli pling ng for Spe Specifi cified ed Mechanical chanic al Prope Properties rties and Perfo Performanc rmancee Inspe Inspection ction G59 Test G59 Test Method for Conducting Potentiodynamic Polarization Resista Resistance nce Measu Measurements rements G85 Practice G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing G102 Practice for Calculation of Corrosion Rates and ReG102 lated Infor Information mation from Electro Electrochemic chemical al Measu Measurement rementss G193 Terminology G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion 2.2 ISO Standard: 3 ISO/IEC 17025:2005 General 17025:2005 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this specification are in accordance with Terminologies B374 and and G193 G193.. 4. Clas Classifica sification tion 4.1 The coatings coatings of nick nickelel-cob cobalt alt hav havee bee been n clas classifi sified ed as follows: service condition by thickness, class by test methods required, and type by secondary treatments. Service ce Con Conditi dition on (SC (SC)— )— This 4.2 Servi T his nu numb mber er sig signi nifies fies the thickness requirement based on the type of environment and desired mechanical properties. NOTE 3—The 50% NiCo alloy produces a high strength alloy that is used in electroforming to manufacture parts. These deposits can be used at various thicknesses ranging from 1 µm to hundreds of microns.

4.2.1 SC5 signifies that the application is slightly corrosive corrosive and that a minimum 5 µm of coating is sufficient for protection and to provide the mechanical properties. 4.2.2 SC12 signifies signifies that the application application is mildly corrosive corrosive and that a minimum 12 µm of coating is sufficient to protect against corrosion and provide the mechanical properties. 4.2.3 4.2 .3 SC1 SC18 8 sig signifi nifies es tha thatt the app applica lication tion is cor corros rosive ive and that a minimum of 18 µm of coating is sufficient to protect against corrosion and provide the mechanical properties. 4.2.4 4.2 .4 SC2 SC25 5 sig signifi nifies es tha thatt the app applica lication tion is cor corros rosive ive and that a minimum 25 µm of coating is sufficient to protect against corrosion and provide the mechanical properties. 4.3 Class— This This number signifies the type and frequency of testing and monitoring programs that are used to control the process. 4.3.1 Class Incorporatess these standard tests: Galling Class 1— Incorporate (see Appendix (see Appendix X1) X1 ) , Composition (see 9.3 (see 9.3), ), Test Methods F519 Methods F519 and B368 and B368,, and Practices B117 Practices B117 and G85 G85.. 3

Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.

4.3.2 Class 2— Incorporates Incorporates these standard tests: Composition (see 9.3 9.3), ), Test Metho Methods ds F519 and B368, B368, and Pra Practic ctices es B117 and G85 G85.. 4.3.3 Class 3— Incorporates Incorporates these standard tests: Composition (see 9.3 (see 9.3)) and Practice B117 Practice B117.. 4.3.4 Class 4— Incorporates Incorporates the standard test of composition (see 9.3 9.3)). 4.4 Type— This T his numb number er si sign gnifi ifies es the the ty type pe of sec secon onda dary ry treatme treat ment nt ap appl plied ied af afte terr th thee co coat atin ing g to modi modify fy th thee su surf rface ace properties. NOTE 4—The 4—The typ typee cla classi ssifica ficatio tion n is use used d to ide identif ntify y sup supple plemen mental tal coating coatin g that enh enhanc ances es the per perfor forman mance ce in var variou iouss app applic licatio ations. ns. For qualification test purposes, if a supplemental coating is not used, that is Type 0. Type 1 supplemental coatings are used to lock the threads or metal-to-metal contact points to increase the amount of energy needed to disassemble the junction. Type 2 supplemental coatings are used to reduce the friction and aid in disas disassembl sembly y. Materi Materials als like gold, thallium, thallium, and PTFE can be used to provide lubricity and reduce the break torque.

4.4.1 Type 0 coatings are not treated with any supplemental supplemental coatings. 4.4.2 Type 1 coatings are treated with a material to secure the coating to itself. 4.4.3 Type 2 coatings are treated with a material to reduce the friction between coated surfaces. 5. Order Ordering ing Information Information 5.1 The purchaser shall specify the following when ordering ordering this coatin coating: g: 5.1.1 The specification specification number and revision year, year, 5.1.2 The service condition, condition, class, and type, 5.1.3 5.1 .3 The significa significant nt sur surfac facee on the par partt as ide identi ntified fied on a drawing, 5.1.4 The base metal alloy designation designation under ASTM ASTM standard or equivalent, 5.1.5 The tensile strength strength of the base metal in MPa, 5.1.6 Any supplemental supplemental requirements requirements including Type Type 1 and Type 2 secondary treatments, 5.1.7 5.1 .7 Any exceptio exception n to str stress ess rel relief ief prior to coa coatin ting g (se (seee section 7.3 7.3), ), 5.1.8 5.1 .8 Any exception exceptionss to pos postt ann anneal eal hea heatt tre treatme atments nts (se (seee section 7.4 7.4), ), 5.1.9 5.1 .9 Any exception exceptionss to test testss spe specifi cified ed in the acc accepta eptance nce tests (see section 8), and 5.1.10 5.1.1 0 Any exceptions exceptions to tests specified in the qualifications qualifications tests (see section 9). 5.1.11 5.1.1 1 Any special requirements requirements of shot peening or location of ra rack ck or wi wire re in th thee co coati ating ng pr proc oces ess, s, or bo both th,, sh shou ould ld be specified by the purchaser. Otherwise refer to 7.2.3 and 7.3 7.3.. 6. Coating Requirements Requirements 6.1 The coa coating tingss sha shall ll be nick nickelel-cob cobalt alt allo alloy y pro produc duced ed by electrodeposition. 6.2 The nickel nickel shall be in the range range of 43 to 61% and the cobalt shall be in the range of 39 to 57%. 6.3 This coating coating shall be applied to the significant significant surface to the desired minimum thickness of the service condition. 6.4 The coating coating sha shall ll mee meett all app applica licable ble requiremen requirements ts as established in the purchase order in accordance with Section 5 5..


B994/B994M − 15 7. Mate Material rialss and Manufacture Manufacture 7.1 Substrate— Defects Defects in the surface of the basis metal such as scratches, porosity, pits, inclusions, roll and die marks, laps, cracks, burrs, cold shuts, and roughness may adversely affect the app appear earanc ancee and per perfor forman mance ce of the dep deposi osit, t, des despite pite the observance of the best plating practice. Any such defects on signifi sig nifican cantt sur surfac faces es sha shall ll be bro brough ughtt to the atte attentio ntion n of the purchaser before plating. The producer shall not be responsible for coatings defects resulting from surface conditions of the metal, if these conditions have been brought to the attention of the purchaser. 7.2 The substrate substrate may be sub subject jected ed to suc such h pol polish ishing ing or buffing operations as are necessary to yield deposits with the desired final performance and appearance. 7.2.1 Peening— Peening Peening prior to plating may be required on high-s hig h-stre treng ngth th ste steel el par parts ts to ind induce uce res residu idual al com compr press essive ive stresses in the surface, which can reduce loss of strength and improve stress corrosion resistance after plating. 7.2.2 Steel parts that are design designed ed for unlimited life under dynamic loads shall be shot peened or rotary flap peened. NOTE 5—Controlled shot peening is the preferred method because there are geometries where rotary flap peening is not effective.

7.2.3 Unless otherwise otherwise specified, specified, the shot peenin peening g shall be accomplished on all surfaces for which the coating is required and all immediate adjacent surfaces when they contain notches, fillets, or other abrupt changes of section size where stresses will be concentrated. 7.3 Racking— Parts Parts should be positioned so as to minimize trapping of hydrogen gas in cavities and holes, allowing free circula circ ulation tion of sol soluti ution on ove overr all sur surfac faces es to obt obtain ain uni unifor form m coating thickness. The location of rack or wire marks in the coati co ating ng sh shall all be ag agre reed ed up upon on be betw tween een th thee pr prod oduc ucer er an and d purchaser. 7.4 Clean Proper prepar preparatory atory proceCleaning ing of Bas Basis is Meta Metal— l— Proper dures and thorough cleaning of the basis metal are essential to ensuree satisfa ensur satisfactory ctory adhesion and corro corrosion sion resist resistance ance perfo perforrmance of the coating. It is recommended that the following approp app ropria riate te sta standa ndards rds be use used: d: Pra Practic ctices es B183, B183, B254, B254, an and d B320,, and Guides B242 and B320 and B322 B322.. 7.5 Pretreatment— A suitable method shall activate the surface and remove oxide and foreign materials, which may cause poor adhesion and coating porosity. Pretrea treatment tment of Iron or Steel for the Purpo Purpose se of Reduc7.6 Pre All steel parts having ing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement— All an ultimate tensile strength greater than 1000 MPa (31 HRC) and that have been machined, ground, cold formed, or cold straightened, shall be heat treated for stress relief to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement in the part before clean and electroplate processes. If these heat treatments are not required, the purchaser shall specify in the ordering information SR-0. If thee pu th purc rcha hase serr do does es no nott sp spec ecif ify y an SRSR-0 0 ex excep ceptio tion n to he heat at treatmen trea tment, t, the then n the pla plater ter sha shall ll use Table Table 1 in Spe Specific cificatio ation n B849 to B849 to determine the appropriate heat treatment for the steel based on its tensile strength. Post-Co Coat atin ing g Trea eatm tmen ents ts of Ir Iron on an and d St Stee eell fo forr th thee 7.7 PostAll Purpose of Reducing the Risk of Hydrogen Embrittlement— All

electroplated steel parts having a tensile strength greater than 1000 MPa (31 HRC) as well as surface-hardened parts, shall be baked to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. If these heat treatments are not required, the purchaser shall specify in the ord orderin ering g inf inform ormatio ation n ERER-0. 0. If the pur purcha chaser ser doe doess not specify specif y an ER-0 exception exception to heat treatment, then the prod producer ucer shal sh alll us usee Gu Guid idee B850 to de dete term rmin inee th thee ap appr prop opri riate ate he heat at treatment for the steel based on its tensile strength. 8. Acceptance Tests Tests 8.1 The These se tests are per perfor formed med on the article article tha thatt has been coated and can be performed by the producer prior to delivery and by the purchaser upon delivery. 8.2 Appearance— The The surface of the article shall be uniform in appearance, free of visible coating defects, such as blisters, pits, roughness, roughness, nodu nodules, les, burn burning, ing, cracks, or unpla unplated ted areas, and other defects that will affect the function of the coating. 8.3 Adhesion— The The adhesion of the coating shall be such that when examined by one of the test methods described in Practice B571 Practice B571 it it shall not show separation from the basis metal. Thickness— ess— Coatin 8.4 Coating Thickn Coating g thi thickn ckness ess sha shall ll meet the minimum as specified in the purchase order by service condition. Use an appropriate method for the part. Test Method B568 Method B568 provides a rapid measurement of the mass per unit area of the deposit.

9. Qualification Tests Tests 9.1 These tests are performed performed on the proce process ss to ensur ensuree the system is capable of meeting the coating requirements by class. These tests shall be performed on SC25, Type 0 coupons at a frequency frequ ency establi established shed in subse subsection ction 9.8 9.8 based based on the class. 9.2 Galling Test— The The pro produc ducer er sha shall ll per perfor form m the gal gallin ling g test in accordance with the procedures established in Appendix in Appendix X1.. The producer shall prepare the finishing lot galling report X1 and shall demonstrate that loaded specimens will pass 608 days of evaluation with the torque ration of less than 2.5. 9.3 Chemical Composition— The The nickel-cobalt nickel-cobalt alloy compositio pos ition n sha shall ll be mea measur sured ed qua quarte rterly rly or mor moree fre freque quently ntly as specified using Test Method E2465 Method E2465 or or other elemental analysis methods that can be demonstrated to meet precision and bias requirements of better than 1% mass weight. 9.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test— The The producer shall perform quarterly, or more frequently, the procedure outlined in Test Metho Method d F519 by processin processing g a set of fou fourr stan standar dard d 1a specimens. They shall pass Test Method F519 criteria of no failure after 200 hours at 75% UTS. 9.5 Corro Corrosion sion Testing: Testing: 9.5.1 Electrochemi The nickelnickel-cobalt cobalt Electrochemical cal Corr Corrosion osion Rate— The alloy coated article shall have a corrosion rate of less than 0.8636 µm/y when tested under Test Method G59 G59.. Corrosion rate shall be calculated in accordance with Practice G102 Practice G102.. The test solution shall be prepared by dissolving 5 6 1 parts by mass of sodium chloride in 95 parts of water conforming to Type IV wate waterr in Spe Specific cificatio ation n D1193 (except that for this practic pra ctice, e, lim limits its for chl chlori orides des and sod sodium ium may be ign ignore ored). d). Careful attention should be given to the chemical content of the


B994/B994M − 15 salt. The salt used shall be sodium chloride with not more than 0.3 % by mass of total impurities. Halides (bromide, fluoride, and iodide) other than chloride shall constitute less than 0.1 % by mass of the salt content. Copper content shall be less than 0.3 ppm by mass. Sodium chloride that has had anti-caking agents added shall not be used because such agents may act as corrosion inhibitors. The level of pH shall be equal to 6.5 to 7.2, temperature 25 6 3° C, with atmospheric pressure and static stat ic con condit dition ions. s. The fre freque quency ncy of thi thiss sha shall ll be qua quarter rterly ly unless the purchaser specifies an increased frequency. 9.6 Environmental Testing Testing 9.6.1 CASS Test— The The producer shall evaluate the process corrosion protection by performing Test Method B368 B368 on on test coupon cou ponss qua quarter rterly ly or mor moree fre freque quentl ntly y as req requir uired. ed. Pan Panels els processed to SC25 shall not show any red rust before 120 hours of exposure 9.6.2 Salt Spray (Fog) Test— The The producer shall evaluate the process pro cess cor corros rosion ion pro protect tection ion of the nick nickelel-cob cobalt alt allo alloy y by Practice B117 Practice B117 quarterly quarterly or more frequently as specified. Panels processed to SC25 shall pass with no red rust before 500 hours of exposure to salt spray (fog) as outlined in Practice B117 B117.. 9.6.3 Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Test— The The producer shall evaluate the process corrosion protection of the nickel-cobalt alloy by Test Method G85 Method G85 (A2 (A2 cyclic acidified salt fog testing) quarterly or more frequently as specified. Coupons processed to SC SC25 25 sh shall all pass with no red ru rust st be befo fore re 20 200 0 ho hour urss of exposure to the Test Method G85 G85 testing. testing. 9.7 Third Party Reports— If If a third party is used to perform these qualification tests, the test report shall include: Testing laboratory name, name and signature of person responsible for the tes test, t, loc locati ation, on, lis listt of equ equipm ipment ent,, cur curren rentt cal calibr ibrati ation on certifica cert ificates tes,, and req requir uired ed per permits mits for ope operat rating ing equ equipm ipment ent (x-ray). 9.8 Frequency of Qualification Tests— The The maintenance maintenance of a proc pr ocess ess re requ quir ires es fr freq eque uent nt tes testin ting g to en ensu sure re th thee qu quali ality ty is maintained and to instruct the operators in good practice to ensure good workmanship at all times. Table 1 shall 1 shall be used to establish the maximum frequency for qualification testing of the process by class. 10. Sampl Sampling ing 10.1 The pu 10.1 purc rcha hase serr an and d pr prod oduc ucer er ar aree ur urge ged d to em empl ploy oy statist stat istical ical pro proces cesss con contro troll in the coa coating ting pro proces cess. s. Pro Proper perly ly performed, statistical process control will ensure coated products of sati satisfa sfactor ctory y qua quality lity and will ensure ensure the amount amount of acceptance inspection. 10.2 When a collection of coated articles articles are examined for complia com pliance nce wit with h the req requir uireme ements nts pla placed ced on the art article icles, s, a relatively small number of the articles (sample) is selected at

random and is inspected. The inspection lot is then classified as complying with the requirements based on the results of the inspection of the sample. The size of the sample and the criteria for compliance are determined by the application of statistics. The procedure is known as sampling inspection. Test Method B602,, Guide B697 B602 B697,, and Test Method B762 B762 contain contain sampling plans that are designed for sampling inspection of coatings. 10.3 Test Method Method B602 B602 contains contains four sampling plans, three for use with tests that are nondestructive and one when they are destructive. Test Method B602 Method B602 provides provides a default plan if one is not specified. 10.4 Guide B697 Guide B697 provides provides a large number of plans and also gives guidance in the selection of a plan. Guide B697 Guide B697 provides provides a default plan if one is not specified. 10.5 Test Meth 10.5 Method od B762 can can be us used ed on only ly fo forr co coat atin ing g requir req uireme ements nts tha thatt hav havee a num numeri erical cal limi limit, t, suc such h as coa coatin ting g thickn thi ckness ess.. The test mus mustt yie yield ld a num numeric eric value and cer certain tain stati st atisti stical cal re requ quire ireme ment ntss mu must st be met met.. Tes estt Me Meth thod od B762 contains several plans and also gives instructions for calculating plans to meet special needs. Test Method B762 Method B762 provides provides a default plan if one is not specified. 10.6 Practic Practicee F1470 F1470 may may be used for threaded articles such as internally threaded, externally threaded, and non-threaded fasteners and washers. This guide provides for two plans: one design des ignated ated the “de “detect tection ion pro proces cess” s” and one des design ignated ated the “prevention process.” 10.7 10. 7 An inspectio inspection n lot shall be defi defined ned as a col collect lection ion of coated articles that are the same kind, that have been produced to the same specification, that have been coated by a single supplier at one time or approximately the same time, under essent ess entiall ially y ide identi ntical cal con condit dition ions, s, and tha thatt are sub submitt mitted ed for acceptance or rejection as a group. 11. Rejection 11.1 The purchaser 11.1 purchaser can randomly test any article in accordance with the material testing report in 12.3 in 12.3.. Failure to pass any test is cause of rejection of the purchase order. 12. Certificatio Certification n 12.1 Acceptance Test— Upon Upon pas passin sing g of acce acceptan ptance ce tes tests, ts, the pr the prod oduc ucer er sh shal alll sp speci ecify fy th that at th thee pl plate ated d ar artic ticles les ar aree in compliance with the acceptance requirements in the test report. 12.2 Qualification Tests— Upon Upon passing of the qualification tests, the producer shall specify that the plated articles were processed in a qualified process incorporating the most recent results in the test report.

TABLE 1

Class Class Class Class

1 2 3 4

Galling

Composition

Hydrogen Embrittlement

Corrosion

Test Method B368 Practice B117 Practice B117

Test Method Method G85 G85

1 20 d a y s None None None

30 90 90 30

9 0 d ay s 90 d ay s None None

90 day s 9 0 d ay s None None

90 d a y s 9 0 da y s None None

9 0 d ay s 90 day s None None

d ay s da y s da y s da y s


30 d a y s 9 0 da y s 30 d ay s None

B994/B994M − 15 12.3 Test Report— The The test report shall provide a summary of the acceptance and qualification test results. These results shall be described in the following order, indicating the date the evaluation was sampled, date the evaluation was completed, results of the test, and name of person and organization, if applicable, certifying the specific test results. 12.3.1 Provider Information 12.3.1.1 12.3. 1.1 Prod Producer ucer name 12.3.1.2 12.3. 1.2 Date processed processed 12.3.1.3 12.3. 1.3 Proce Process ss used 12.3.1.4 12.3. 1.4 Finish Finishing ing lot number 12.3.1.5 12.3. 1.5 Quality manager’s manager’s name 12.3.2 Part Identification 12.3.2.1 12.3. 2.1 Part description description 12.3.2.2 12.3. 2.2 Manuf Manufacturer acturer of article 12.3.2.3 12.3. 2.3 Base metal 12.3.2.4 12.3. 2.4 Alloy 12.3.2.5 12.3. 2.5 Tensile strength strength in MPa 12.3.2.6 12.3. 2.6 Hardn Hardness ess value 12.3.2.7 12.3. 2.7 Hardn Hardness ess unit 12.3.2.8 12.3. 2.8 Prod Production uction lot number 12.3.3 Acceptance Tests

12.3.3.1 Appear 12.3.3.1 Appearance ance statement 12.3.3.2 12.3. 3.2 Adhes Adhesion ion statement 12.3.3.3 12.3. 3.3 Thickn Thickness ess value 12.3.3.4 12.3. 3.4 Thickn Thickness ess unit 12.3.4 Qualification Tests 12.3.4.1 12.3. 4.1 Finish Finishing ing lot galling report 12.3.4.2 12.3. 4.2 Compo Composition sition in wt% 12.3.4.3 12.3. 4.3 Hydro Hydrogen gen embrittlement embrittlement stateme statement nt 12.3.4.4 12.3. 4.4 Corro Corrosion sion resistance MPY<0 MPY<0.034 .034 12.3.4.5 12.3. 4.5 Enviro Environmenta nmentall testing (1) Test Method B368 Method B368 statement statement Practice B117 B117 statement statement (2) Practice (3) Test Method G85 G85 statement statement 12.3.5 Supplementary Testing Requirement Results 12.3.6 Signed and Dated Certification Statement 13. Keyw Keywords ords 13.1 alloy; coating; coating; cobalt cobalt;; corro corrosion; sion; corrosion corrosion in thread threaded ed article art icles; s; cor corros rosion ion rat rate; e; dis disman mantle; tle; elec electro troche chemic mical al test testing ing;; metal coating; nickel; nickel-cobalt alloy; performance; protective coating; salt spray (fog) chamber; torque ratio

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS The fol follow lowing ing sup supple plemen mentar tary y req requir uiremen ements ts sha shall ll app apply ly whe when n spe specifi cified ed by the pur purcha chaser ser in the contract or order. S1. Pre-Qual Pre-Qualification ification Lot The purchaser may use a pre-qualification lot to qualify the prod pr oduc ucer er.. In su such ch cas cases es th thee pr pree-qu quali alific ficati ation on lo lott sh shal alll be produced using the same operating parameters as the subsequent production articles and tested in accordance to the SC25 Class and Type 0. S2. Pro Product duct Service Service Mark Marking ing To help identify the article in the field and replace those articles arti cles that are rea reachi ching ng the end of the their ir ser servic vicee life life,, it is advisa adv isable ble to inc incorp orpora orate te a mar markin king g sys system tem to ide identi ntify fy the producer and finishing lot.

S2.1 If this supplemental supplemental requirement requirement is required, the article shall bear the producer’s identification mark and finishing lot number. S2.2 The service mark shall be applied by the producer using indelib ind elible le ink or oth other er meth methods ods that will sur surviv vivee con contin tinuou uouss exposure to a salt environment. S2.3 The producer shall maintain copies of the test reports for the finishing lots for a minimum of seven years. S2.4 The producer shall provide notification to the purchaser when the galling breaking torque results exceed 250%. breaking breakin g torque 5

unthread torque unthread loading tor que

(1 )

APPENDIX (Nonmandatory Information) X1. GALL GALLING ING TEST

X1.1 Scope X1.1.1 This test evaluates the long-term X1.1.1 long-term performance performance of the coating when exposed to the Practice B117 Practice B117 Salt Salt Fog corrosive environment enviro nment under mechan mechanical ical stress stress.. Torque is applied to the specimen to accomplish tension to the assembly. After environmental exposure, the threaded bar and nut is dismantled and the torque measured. The ratio of dismantle torque to loading torque shall be less than 2.5 for the coating to pass this test.

X1.1.2 Specim Specimens ens are processed processed and loaded every 120 days and become the test set that is evaluated for a minimum of 20 months at 120 day evaluation periods. The effective maximum environmental exposure is 84 months. X1.1 X1 .1.3 .3 This tes testt in inco corp rpor orate atess a me mean anss of re repo port rtin ing g th thee results to the purchaser to demonstrate the performance of the coating in galling applications and provide early warning for potential field failures when disassembling systems.


B994/B994M − 15 X1.2 Standard Specimen for Testing Testing X1.2.1 All tests shall be performed X1.2.1 performed on a standard specimen specimen for testing as defined as follows. The following size and type of steel shall be considered the standard specimen for testing: a Specification A193/A193M A193/A193M-gr -grade ade B7 thr thread eaded ed bar with two Specification A194/A194M Specification A194/A194M-grade -grade 2H nuts, the diameter shall be 5 ⁄ 8 by 4 in. in length, the threaded bar shall be chamfered and marked with the steel grade and the producer’s identification mark, the nuts shall have the producer’s identification mark and corresponding corresponding steel grade markin marking. g. The bar and nuts shall be coated with the nickel-cobalt alloy SC18, Class 1, Type 0. X1.2.2 No over-sizing or under-sizing under-sizing of nut or threaded bar bar is permissible on the standard specimen for testing.

FIG. X1.4 Part 2, Support for Part

X1.2.3 No lubricant X1.2.3 lubricant or waxes shall be used when applying torque.

FIG. X1.5 Part 3

FIG. X1.1 Part 1, Placement of Specimen for Torquing

FIG. X1.2 Part 1, Frontal View FIG. X1.6 Part 3 Coupled to Part 1

FIG. X1.3 Part 1, Lateral View

X1.3 Desc Descript ription ion of Devi Device ce X1.3.1 X1. 3.1 The par partt use used d to hol hold d the standard standard specimen specimen for testing is shown in Figure Fig. Figure Fig. X1.1 and X1.1 and Fig. Fig. X1.2; X1.2; this consists of an AISI 4140 4140 steel angle with 5 ⁄ 16 16 in. thickness, featuring flat (A) and flat (B). Flat (A) positions the specimens; they are placed through the openings (C), which are present along the entire length of this section. X1.3.2 Fig. X1.3 is X1.3 is an illustration of the specimen (threaded bar-nut assembly) setting in Part 1. In the assembly, threaded bar (E), and nut (Da) and nut (Db) are observed; however, the evaluation must be made by loosening the nut (Da) from the threaded bar (E). The nut (Db) aids in tightening the threaded

FIG. X1.7 Position of Part 1 and Part 2

bar (E) and its subsequent loosening. Flat (B) of the angle links Part 1 and Part 2 (see Fig. X1.7). X1.7). X1.3.3 Fig. X1.4 illustrates illustrates Part 2. This geome geometry try allows Part 1 to be supported through an angle relative to the vertical


B994/B994M − 15 X1.4 Position Positioning ing of Stan Standard dard Specimen Specimen for Testi Testing ng in the Device X1.4.1 The standard X1.4.1 standard specimen specimen for test testing ing must be fre freee of debris or any foreign matter. Rinse with water and degreaser at room temperature using a soft bristle brush, making sure the surface or coating is not damaged. Dry using compressed air. No lubricant or waxes are permissible. X1.4.2 Part 1 pre X1.4.2 presen sents ts num number bered ed ope openin nings gs in asc ascend ending ing order, shown in Fig. X1.1 and and Fig. Fig. X1.2. X1.2. FIG. X1.8 Part 3 Bolted to the Table

X1.4. X1 .4.3 3 The sta stand ndard ard spe specim cimens ens fo forr tes testin ting g ar aree pl place aced d through throug h the ope openin nings gs (C) tha thatt are present present alo along ng the entire length of Part 1. The nuts are then hand-tightened until the flat of the angle in (A) is reached. A minimum of three full threads (E) must be towards the exterior of the angle of Part 1 (Fig. X1.3). X1.3 ). X1.4.4 X1.4 .4 Pa Part rt 3 mu must st be bo bolte lted d to a tab table le;; th thes esee bo bolts lts are placed through the openings (K). See Fig. X1.8. X1.8. X1.4.5 X1.4. 5 Once the specimens specimens have been placed placed in Part 1, it is coupled to Part 3 by aligning the nut (Db) into the opening in (L) of Part 3.

FIG. X1.9 Part 1 Engaged to Part 3, Part 3 Bolted to the Table

X1.4.6 X1.4 .6 Whe When n Pa Part rt 1 an and d Pa Part rt 3 ar aree co coup uple led, d, us usin ing g a conventional torque tool, 72 lbf·ft torque force is applied to nut (Da). See Fig. See Fig. X1.6. X1.6. X1.4.7 After all nuts are tightened, tightened, Part 1 is separa separated ted from Part 3.

and parallel to the flow direction of the corrosive environment on the base of the surface area being tested; in this way, the flat (F)) is hi (F high gher er th than an th thee fla flatt (G (G). ). Pa Part rt 2 sh show owss se semic micir ircu cular lar drainage channels (H) along its entire length, thus avoiding accum acc umul ulat atio ion n of co cond nden ensat satio ion. n. Pa Part rt 2 sh shall all be ma made de of a material that will not be af affected fected by the corrosive environment environment of the chamber, such as plastic. X1.3.4 X1.3 .4 The ge geom ometr etry y of Pa Part rt 1 an and d Pa Part rt 2 all allow owss eac each h specimen to be exposed to the corrosive environment without being affected by the adjacent specimen or the accumulated sludge slu dge.. A 5 ⁄ 16 16 in.-thick AISI steel angle with no coating for Part 1 ensures that the nut can be torqued correctly. X1.3.5 Fig. X1.5 illustrates X1.5 illustrates Part 3; this part is not exposed to the corrosive environment. X1.3.6 X1.3 .6 Pa Part rt 3 co cons nsis ists ts of a pl plate ate (I (I)) wh wher eree op open enin ing g (L (L)) allows the nuts to rest and be ancho anchored, red, preventing preventing movement, thus achieving the fastening and loosening of the specimens under evaluation. (L) must be fabricated with a resistant-todeformation defor mation material, preferably preferably H19, H41, H42, A8, O1, O7, D3, or S1 according to Specification A681 A681,, except for P21. X1.3.7 Flat (J) fro X1.3.7 from m Par Partt 3, per perpen pendic dicula ularr to (I) (I),, pre presen sents ts openings (K) along its flat so it can be bolted to a table as shown in Fig. in Fig. X1.8. X1.8. X1.3 X1 .3.8 .8 Pa Part rt 3 mu must st be bo bolte lted d to the ta tabl ble, e, th then en Part 1 is coupled. The (Da) nuts must be torqued to 72 lbf·ft for the test. coupled. No lu lubr brica icant nts, s, wa waxe xes, s, or ad addi ditiv tives es ar aree pe perm rmis issib sible le wh when en applying torque. See Fig. X1.9. X1.9.

X1.4.8 X1.4 .8 Pa Part rt 1 is th then en pl place aced d in insid sidee th thee sal saltt sp spra ray y (f (fog og)) chamber following Practice B117 Practice B117,, using a support (Part 2). The support permits the part to follow the required angle described in the salt spray test. See Fig. X1.7. X1.7. X1.5 Eval Evaluatio uation n and Resul Results ts X1.5.1 The evaluation evaluation will be done every 120 days, days, not to exceed 130 days on a test set exposed to neutral salt spray (fog) (Practice B117 (Practice B117). ). X1.5.2 The evaluation evaluation shall be at least three specimens that are able to be dismantled for the evaluation period with less than 2.5 times the dismantle torque or loading torque. Extra specimens may be included to ensure enough specimens are availab ava ilable le to acco accompl mplish ish the 84 mon months ths of rep report orting ing.. If five speci sp ecimen menss fa fail il fo forr th thee ev evalu aluat atio ion n pe peri riod od,, th that at te test st set is concluded. X1.5.2.1 X1.5.2 .1 At the end of every 120 day evaluation evaluation period, the specimen shall be treated as follows: X1.5 X1 .5.2 .2.1 .1.1 .1 Pa Part rt 1 is car caref eful ully ly tak taken en ou outt th thee ch cham ambe berr or corrosive environment. X1.5.2 X1. 5.2.1. .1.2 2 Par Partt 1 is cou couple pled d to Part 3 as describe described d in the procedure. X1.5.2 X1. 5.2.1. .1.3 3 Usi Using ng a con conven ventio tional nal tor torque que too tool, l, the firs firstt nut (Da) to be evaluated is loosened. No antifreeze or lubricants shall be used for dismantle procedure. NOTE X1.1—Only the nut (Da) is evaluated in this method.

X1.5.2.1.4 X1.5.2 .1.4 The torque used for loosening loosening the nut should be the same as the one used for tightening, 72 lbf·ft. If using the initial torque value of the nut (Da) does not loosen, torque can be increased up to 2.5 times the initial torque value.


B994/B994M − 15 X1.5.2.1. X1.5.2 .1.5 5 The fina finall tor torque que val value ue that was req requir uired ed for disassembly disasse mbly shall be recor recorded. ded. The final value shall be divide divided d into the initial value and the result will be the reported reported value as number of times of the initial torque for assembly. X1.5.2 X1. 5.2.1. .1.6 6 If the nut does not loosen loosen afte afterr app applyin lying g the maximum torque value, the person performing the test can use an ex extr traa sp spec ecim imen en un unti till th ther eree ar aree th thre reee sa samp mple less fo forr th thee minimum report period. Use of extra samples shall be reported. If no nut can loosen, the test shall be concluded and report shall be sent to the purchasers. X1.5.2.1.7 X1.5. 2.1.7 If the nut under evaluation can be loosened, loosened, the threaded part and nut are detached from (C1) in Part 1. Part 1 is separated from Part 3 and returned for further exposure to the corrosive chamber environment until the next evaluation period is reached. The same method is performed again to the nut (Da) in the corresponding opening (C). X1.5.2.1.8 X1.5. 2.1.8 Repeat steps for each specime specimen n and desig designated nated evaluation test period. X1.6 Fini Finishing shing Lot Galling Galling Report

X1.6.2 The following following infor information mation shall be recor recorded: ded: X1.6.2.1 X1.6.2 .1 Date of pro produc ductio tion n of the coating coating on the specimens. X1.6.2.2 X1.6.2 .2 Finish Finishing ing lot numb number er of prod production uction.. X1.6.2.3 X1.6.2 .3 Num Number ber of sam sample pless bei being ng eva evalua luated ted,, inc includ luding ing extra sample samples. s. X1.6.2.4 X1.6.2 .4 Rack number and position in the chambe chamber. r. X1.6.2 X1. 6.2.5 .5 Loa Loadin ding g dat datee for the spe specime cimens ns and rack in the chamber. X1.6.2.6 X1.6.2 .6 Per Period iod bein being g eva evalua luated, ted, dat datee of eva evaluat luation ion,, and actual days of exposure of the specimens being evaluated. X1.6.2.7 X1.6.2 .7 For each spe specime cimen n bein being g eva evalua luated ted,, div divide ide the dismantle torque in lbf·ft by the loading torque value of 72 lbf·ft and record the torque ratio value. X1.6.2.8 The finishing lot galling report X1.6.2.8 report shall incorporate incorporate a summary of evaluation periods indicating the torque ratio and days to dismantle failure.

X1.6.1 The pro X1.6.1 produc ducer er sha shall ll pro produc ducee a fini finishi shing ng lot gal galling ling report that summarizes the evaluation results for this test set. ASTM International International takes no positi position on respecting the validi validity ty of any patent rights assert asserted ed in connec connection tion with any item mentio mentioned ned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible respon sible technical technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not receiv received ed a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address addr ess or at 610610-832832-9585 9585 (pho (phone), ne), 610610-832832-9555 9555 (fax (fax), ), or serv service@ ice@astm astm.org .org (e-m (e-mail) ail);; or thro through ugh the ASTM webs website ite (www.astm. (www .astm.org). org). Permission Permission rights to photocopy the standa standard rd may also be secure secured d from the Copyri Copyright ght Clearance Center, Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http://www.copyright.com/


Norma Níquel Cobalto

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